falsepoeticisms
falsepoeticisms
words I only tell myself
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falsepoeticisms · 6 years ago
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Watched Mary, Queen of Scots today and I have so many thoughts about male dominance and how it continues to exist in a system where the female is literally on top, and also in spite of the fact that female humans are in fact the ones in charge of reproduction/mate choice. I can only think of the fact that males are physically stronger and so can simply get their way more easily--that seemed to be a key reason that was portrayed in the film (also the fact that the men simply outnumbered the women... I don’t understand how it could have made any sense for a Queen’s court to be 100% made up of men without a single woman in it?!?!)... 
So I’m trying to think back to what I learnt about sexual selection and how things work in different mating systems in the animal kingdom. This article seems a good starter on the topic.
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“It is true, of course, that there are some readily visible physical differences between men and women that seem to a large degree genetic in origin, and some would argue that these mandate different roles and statuses for the sexes. In most (though not all) populations, the average male is taller than the average female, both at birth and after puberty, though the average difference between the sexes is a matter of inches, while the normal range of variation within each sex is more than two feet. Males are also heavier and seem to have greater physical strength, though again the variation among individuals of the same sex is far greater than the average variation between the sexes. But physical sexual dimorphism cannot explain the different roles of the sexes, and far less male dominance, as Leibowitz points out in this volume and elsewhere. Although males tend to do the fighting in many primitive societies, women do as much "heavy" work as men, if not more. Western history testifies, moreover, that the strongest workers and best warriors often serve the dominant members of society, who may be physically very weak. Among a group like the seventeenth century Iroquois, a strong emphasis on male physical prowess was fully compatible with a high position for women, and indeed there is little evidence that men in most foraging societies use either their strength or their weapons as a means of controlling women.
Some authors argue, however, that males are innately more aggressive than females. Although recent studies have repudiated the idea that there are significant sex differences in intellect, analytical powers, social skills, or personal motivation, there does seem to be a strong difference in physical aggression that appears at least as early as the kindergarten years. Some observers suggest that this is partly biological in origin.
Attempts to demonstrate a biological tendency toward aggression (as opposed to a biological capacity, which obviously exists) have centred on studies of hormones. High levels of the male hormone testosterone have been correlated with high levels of aggression, and injections of testosterone increase fighting behaviour in rats. But a hormonal explanation of sexual inequality is hardly admissible, since even in animals aggression does not guarantee dominance and in many societies aggressive individuals are social outcasts or face severe sanctions. In addition, cross-cultural studies show some important variations in rates of male aggression. Margaret Mead found that women among the Tchambuli were more aggressive than men, that women and men were equally fierce among the Mundugamor, and that neither men nor women were aggressive among the Arapesh. The explanation for such variability can only be that socialization is more significant than hormones in determining appropriate behaviour among both men and women.
The explanation of social behaviour such as aggression by a single biological factor, moreover, reflects a central weakness of almost all biological determinism. The methodology of such reductionist theories generally involves introducing a disruption of the organism's normal functioning and then explaining the normal working of the organism by its response to the disturbance. The result "confuses the nature of the perturbation itself with the 'cause' of the system's normal functioning." If, for example, injection of a hormone increases aggressive behaviour, it does not follow that the ordinary levels of that hormone in the animal cause its other aggressive behaviour. Thus, injections of the female hormone oestrogen also increase fighting behaviour in rats while injections of testosterone into the pre-optic area of a male rat's brain stimulate maternal nest-building behaviour. 
Studies of humans do not show consistent correlations between hormone levels and aggression. Even where correlations are found, it is unclear whether the aggression or the hormone level came first. When low dominance monkeys are placed with monkeys toward whom they can safely act aggressively, their testosterone levels go up; when they are returned to an established group to whom they must defer, their testosterone levels fall dramatically.
Even granting that hormone levels or other chemical changes in the body affect mood, the interpretation of that mood and the behaviour it "induces" depends upon the social environment. Researchers at Yerkes Primate Centre, for example, were able to locate an "aggression centre" in the brain of chimpanzees. When this was stimulated electrically in laboratory animals, increased fighting resulted. However, when this was done in monkeys who were released into the wild the result was increased grooming behaviour. Similarly, people injected with adrenalin (the "fight or flight" chemical), but placed in a peaceful setting, displayed sociable behaviour. As one of the pioneers in hormone research has concluded: "Hormones are often necessary but never sufficient cause for the occurrence of behaviour."
All human behaviour, of course, has a biological base, else it could not exist. But the dominance in humans of the cerebral cortex means that what we do with our biological capacities is almost entirely a matter of learning. The difference in aggression between boys and girls should be considered in light of the different socialization given them. Significantly, Sears, Maccoby, and Levin found that the greatest parental distinctions between kindergarten boys and girls were made in the area of permitted aggression. Many studies have shown that people's sex role expectations determine their earliest assessment of infants' capacities and behaviours (even at one day old), creating differences where none can in fact be measured by any objective criteria, and undoubtedly establishing a number of self-fulfilling prophecies. The vital impact of expectations can be seen in studies of persons born as hermaphrodites: in ninety-five percent of the cases the person's sexual identity and corresponding social behaviour depended not on actual genetic makeup but on the choice the parents had made in rearing the child as either male or female. This was true "even for those individuals whose sex of rearing contradicted their biological sex as determined by chromasomes, hormones, gonads, and the formation of the internal and external genitals."
We conclude that evidence is lacking for clearcut mental or temperamental differences between the sexes. Even where such differences may be established, it is by no means justified to assume, as most of these theories do, that a sex difference explains a sex inequality. This is a conceptual leap made by a number of other authors, who start from the fact that most societies do recognize and define different social and symbolic functions for the sexes. These authors argue that the origins of inequality lie not in naturally different abilities or temperaments, but in cultural attempts to explain or control women's central role in reproduction. Woman's biology does not make her weaker, less intelligent, or more submissive than man, but it does make her society's source of new members. According to this school of thought, cultures tend to interpret or organize motherhood in ways that accentuate differences between the sexes and lead to sexual assymetry. There are quite a number of variations on this theme, offering a cultural or symbolic explanation for gender inequality.”
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falsepoeticisms · 7 years ago
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“There’s so much solace in just ... crap. The effluvia of life, where it’s like: “Hey what did you eat for lunch?” “God, what do I want for lunch?” The people who can answer the seemingly rhetorical question of “What do I want to eat?”—those are the special people. They should get a gold star, they should be recognized.”
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falsepoeticisms · 8 years ago
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falsepoeticisms · 8 years ago
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“You can do this if you want to.”
“To thine ownself be true.”
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falsepoeticisms · 8 years ago
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“Singer: So rumination would be the opposite of what you do during meditation?
Ricard: Totally opposite. It is also well known that constant rumination is one of the main symptoms of depression. What we need is to gain freedom from the mental chain reactions that rumination endlessly perpetuates. One should learn to let thoughts arise and be freed to go as soon as they arise, instead of letting them invade one’s mind. In the freshness of the present moment, the past is gone, the future is not yet born, and if one remains in pure mindfulness and freedom, potentially disturbing thoughts arise and go without leaving a trace.
Singer: What you have to learn then is to adopt a much more subtle approach to your internal emotional theater, to learn to identify with much higher resolution the various connotations of your feelings.
Ricard: That’s right. In the beginning, it is difficult to do it as soon as an emotion arises, but if you become increasingly familiar with such an approach, it becomes quite natural. Whenever anger is just showing its face, we recognize it right away and deal with it before it becomes too strong.“
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falsepoeticisms · 8 years ago
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“Worldliness consists of [the] ability to enact, with grace and aplomb, a great variety of roles.”
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falsepoeticisms · 8 years ago
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Oh wow.
10,000x better than the original.
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falsepoeticisms · 8 years ago
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“Always, over and over, I will have to pay for my loved and lovely life with days like these.  Always, over and over, these days and nights will come, the anxiety, the aversion, the doubt.  And I will still live, and I will still love life.”
http://www.gss.ucsb.edu/projects/hesse/works/trees.html
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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Today was the last tutorial. When the session ended, a couple of the students asked me if I had any last words for them. Caught off-guard, I replied "No, not really. All the best for your exams!" They laughed... and then they surprised me again by asking “Can we be friends?” I was stunned, and told them "I'm your TA, I can't be your friend"... to which they responded "But you're not our TA anymore!"
I didn’t get to respond to that because I got distracted by something else and then they left, without saying goodbye, hopefully not feeling too disappointed...
Such a lovely, silly bunch they have been, this group of sweet students. And what a bittersweet feeling that the semester has come to an end. Although I feel like I haven't been the greatest at teaching or inspiring them at times, and I feel like I could still improve in soooo many ways, it has nevertheless been quite a rewarding time spent with them.
Now I regret not putting in a bit more effort to make little botanists out of you...
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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“What could I say to you that would be of value, except that perhaps you seek too much, that as a result of your seeking you cannot find.”
Siddharta, Hermann Hesse
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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This.
I remember staying up every (was it Wednesday) night in JC days, putting aside homework/revision, just to catch Planet Earth.
It sparked my imagination, and put me on the path to where I am today.
So excited for Planet Earth II. The footage here looks absolutely amazing. Technology has advanced for sure...
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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Recently I’ve been hanging out with my life has been influenced by people in their 60s, who have lived full lives and are now at or near retirement age, who are being confronted by their own mortality. This should fill me with a sense of urgency.
Sundays are for reflecting on the week gone by; on life.
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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been coming across random theories over the course of this journey. Which makes me think that I need to start properly scrapbooking these ideas soon.
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falsepoeticisms · 9 years ago
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