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wangxianficrecs · 4 years

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Follower Recs

Stories I haven’t read yet, but clearly need to put on my ever-expanding List.

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Welcome back queen [Thank you, it’s so lovely to be back!] if ur still doing follower recs I gotta recommend I would wait for a thousand years by bleuett it’s soooooooo good

[This one was actually recced to me by two different people, the other of whom said, “ Maybe I'm crying a little so I feel like a should recommend ‘I would wait for a thousand years’ by bleuett on ao3.”]... it’s def. on my List!

I would wait for a thousand years

by bleuett (T, 10k, wangxian)

Summary: During the worst of winter, a traveler comes to stay at Lan Wangji's inn. He wears a red ribbon in his hair.

“Do you see the rabbit?” Wei Ying asks and points at the moon. “That’s the moon rabbit, he helps make Chang’e more immortality elixir. He keeps Chang’e company.”

“I do not wish the rabbit for company,” Lan Wangji says tightly. “You are the one I want by my side.”

“And I’m here, Lan Zhan. If you go to the moon, I’ll follow you, I’ll always be here now.”

~*~

I just read a great fic by aisthuu "every love story is a ghost story", didn't see it in your recs so wanted to recommend it! LWJ is a guqin composer and teacher, buys a cheap guqin off eBay which ends up being attached to WWX's spirit from canon era. It's bittersweet, LWJ deals with Lan's homophobia (implicit in a Lan way) and his feelings towards the ghost. This is author's only ao3 fic and honestly I don't remember how I stumbled upon it, but I'm happy I did and hope you will enjoy it too! [I’ve recently read this one, and loved it!]

every love story is a ghost story

by aisthuu (M, 59k, wangxian, my bookmark)

Summary: The man is in Lan Zhan’s bed. Did they—he begins to wonder, eyes trailing to where the man’s body lies under the blanket. Had Lan Zhan—?

Then the sleep-fog clears and Lan Zhan realizes that the young man isn’t quite opaque around the edges.

“You’re a spirit.”

The spirit narrows its eyes. “I’m so much more than that.”

(Lan Zhan buys a guqin off eBay for a suspiciously low price, only to find that it’s haunted. And now there’s a ghost in his bed.)

~*~

Ok so I absolutely have to rec "see you yesterday" by glyphic. It's a wip, but it's currently at 101k so there's a whole lot there, and it's terrible and wonderful and beautiful all at once. The way the backstory of canon events is adapted to the modern-with-cultivation setting is brilliant, and then there's the amnesia, and then there's the time loop. This fic lives permanently rent-free in my brain.

see you yesterday

by glyphic (M, 101k, wangxian, WIP)

Summary:

Wei Ying 21:09 hey lan zhan what’s the weirdest way youve died

Lan Zhan 21:11 Falling encyclopedias.

Wei Ying 21:12 omg no way that’s so rude turning books against you???

Lan Zhan 21:13 A betrayal I will never forget.

On Halloween night, an exiled demonic cultivator and a Lan disciple get stuck in a time-loop, find each other, and try to figure it all out.

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If you are looking for recs for yourself I absolutely love (the complete!) story Just as the Snow Melts by draechali on AO3. It's a canon divergence where everyone lives, even WWX! ~ @airmidcelt

Just as the Snow Melts

by draechaeli (T, 67k, wangxian)

Summary: Like a snowy mountain top in spring the residents of the Burial Mounds trickled down the mountain and joined the flow of society.

“I went to the Burial Mounds,” Lan WangJi said.

“Ah, yeah… I’m sorry Lan Zhan,” replied Wei WuXian, “I hadn’t thought anyone would come to visit. I am still not sure how it happened; I brought A-Yuan to Yiling to play by the river and then ended up somehow teaching a bunch of children swimming and writing along with him.”

~*~

Hello! It's come to my attention that you have not as yet read Grandmaster of Meme-onic Cultivation! Please do! It's the only thing that gave me joy during 2020 😆 like proper belly laughs and disney villain style cackling. It is a wip, and it is long but so so worth it!! The author has reworked the entire canon through these message crystals and still conveys complex characters despite the tricky format. It's just so good!! Highly highly recommend it! ❤ ~ @theladypeartree [Oh! I’ve been subscribed to this one, and know that @swaglexander-the-great is a reliable provider of Hilarity, so I’m excited for it to be finished!]

Grandmaster of Meme-onic Cultivation

by Hades_the_Blingking (T, 49k, wangxian, WIP)

Summary: The Untamed universe is exactly the same, except everybody has magical crystals that have a suspiciously familiar messaging system. The story is pretty much the same as the show, except everyone lives!! (so minor changes).

or in which Wei WuXian tries his darndest to date Lan Zhan, Jiang Cheng possibly has a aneurysm, Jin ZiXuan is still the most awkward human alive, and Xue Yang makes me write some VERY cursed things. Written in chatfic format! :3

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Chomrafy on AO3 deserves love and encouragement; she’s written a body of compact, poetic, and eloquent shortfics each of which can stand alone, but that comprise an intricately cross-referential and mostly internally-consistent universe. They’re grouped as chapters in works according to theme; for example, “in cupped hands” focuses upon Jin Ling and his second-generation baggage; “Departure in Autumn” portrays the last years of WWX’s first life. Follow the tag “Chomrafy’s MDZS shortfics.” [I don’t see this tag?]

in cupped hands

by chomrafy (G, 2k, wangxian)

Summary: Of secrets, of futures, of love. A Jin Ling-centric collection of 200-word fics.

Ch.1: Jin Ling repays a debt (JL, JC, & WWX). Ch.2: Jin Ling and a ghost in the mirror. (JL & JYL) Ch.3: A matter of friends (JL & the other kids) Ch.4: In this house we don't keep dogs (JC & WWX) Ch.5: In the end, he remains silent (JL & uncles) Ch.6: A first night hunt, of sorts (JL & the other kids) Ch.7: Jin Ling, forgiving, forgetting (JL & LXC & JGY) Ch.8: Jiang Cheng and Jin Ling argue (JL, JC, & WWX) Ch.9: Jin Ling and his father (JL & JC) Ch.10: Jin Ling speaks up (JL, JC, & WWX) Ch.11: Jin Ling and a piece of home (JL, JC, & WWX)

Departure in Autumn

by chomrafy (not rated, 6k)

Summary: Four perspectives. A steady march to the end.

Ch.1: Because if anything happens to them, Wen Qing would never be able to heal with these hands again. Ch.2: As long as this is still home, Jiang Yanli will wait as long as she needs to. Ch.3: Five times Jiang Cheng reaches for Wei Wuxian, one time he turns away. Ch.4: Whether the road is broad or narrow, bright or dark, they would have to keep walking. Wei Wuxian digs Wen Qing's grave.

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Hello, hope all is going well. I don't have an ask, by I do have a recommendation. I read this fic a while ago and found it again. I just wanted to recommend this for everyone. Let me know what you think please. Thank you. [Oh! This one’s in my To Read list, but I’d forgotten about it. Mmmm, fox!wwx and dragon!lwj.]

Ten miles of Lotus Flowers

by Yukirin_Snow

M, 274k, wangxian

Summary: He was a mischievous fox spirit, wreaking havoc where he went, about to depart on a journey that would span centuries.

He was a heavenly prince, a proud dragon destined to ascend the throne to become emperor.

Neither expected their paths to collide over the span of three lives.

~*~

I forgot if it was your blog 😥 that recommended “Bestseller” (when Wei Wuxian writes the Xianxia cut-sleeve equivalent of Fifty Shades of Grey, based entirely on his experiences with Lan Wangji, he doesn’t expect it to become the next big hit) (https://archiveofourown.org/works/21528316/chapters/51318766)

But OMG IT WAS HILARIOUS!!! I LOVED IT!! And if it wasn’t your blog, I’m so sorry for how weird this sounds 😭😭😭😭 I just loved this fic so much that I have to tell it to someone 😢 [It’s on my List, but I haven’t read it yet!]

Bestseller

by pupeez4eva

M, 8k, wangxian

Summary: He had written the book to prove a point. It was never supposed to be a big thing, and he certainly never intended for everyone — Jiang Cheng, Zewu-Jun, the Juniors, literally everyone— to be reading about his sex life.

Oh God, he definitely needed to make sure Lan Zhan didn’t find out about this.

(Or, when Wei Wuxian writes the Xianxia cut-sleeve equivalent of Fifty Shades of Grey, based entirely on his experiences with Lan Wangji, he doesn’t expect it to become the next big hit).

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I’d like to rec On Your Marks, Get Set, Bake! by @blackwiresgrowonherhead

It’s one of my absolute favorites and I laughed out loud so many times when reading it

on your marks, get set, bake!

by BlackWiresOnHerHead

G, 41k, wei wuxian & juniors

Summary: Jin Ling resumes thumping on the door to room 721, and the small collection of freshmen starts chanting “Senior Wei! Senior Wei! Senior Wei!” with increasing volume until finally Wei Wuxian opens the door.

“Yes?” he says with his widest, most innocent eyes.

“Senior Wei!” demands Lan Jingyi, shoving himself to the front of the group. “Why didn’t you tell us you’re a contestant on this year’s season of The Great Gusu Bake Off?!?”

Several months ago, college student Wei Wuxian secretly competed in the most popular reality show in the country. The show starts airing in the fall. The freshmen in his dorm collectively lose their minds.

~*~

If you're in the mood for v. short ridiculous fun fic, may I suggest My chain hits my chest/When I'm bangin' on the radio by x_los It's 2k modern cultivators AU, featuring WWX calling LWJ's sword Bitchin' [omg I’m laughing so hard] and I think it's more fun going in blind?

My chain hits my chest/When I'm bangin' on the radio

by x_los

T, 2k, wangxian

Summary: Lan Wangji finds he doesn't even need to call for help for Wei Wuxian to come running.

#follower rec #wangxian fic rec #I HAVEN'T READ THESE YET #wangxian #mdzs

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blackkudos · 4 years

Text

Paul Robeson

Paul Leroy Robeson ( ROHB-sən; April 9, 1898 – January 23, 1976) was an American bass baritone concert artist and stage and film actor who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political activism. Educated at Rutgers College and Columbia University, he was also a star athlete in his youth. He also studied Swahili and linguistics at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London in 1934. His political activities began with his involvement with unemployed workers and anti-imperialist students whom he met in Britain and continued with support for the Loyalist cause in the Spanish Civil War and his opposition to fascism. In the United States he also became active in the Civil Rights Movement and other social justice campaigns. His sympathies for the Soviet Union and for communism, and his criticism of the United States government and its foreign policies, caused him to be blacklisted during the McCarthy era.

In 1915, Robeson won an academic scholarship to Rutgers College, where he was twice named a consensus All-American in football, and was the class valedictorian. Almost 80 years later, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. He received his LL.B. from Columbia Law School while playing in the National Football League (NFL). At Columbia, he sang and acted in off-campus productions. After graduating, he became a figure in the Harlem Renaissance with performances in The Emperor Jones and All God's Chillun Got Wings.

Between 1925 and 1961, Robeson recorded and released some 276 distinct songs, many of which were recorded several times. The first of these were the spirituals "Steal Away" backed with "Were You There" in 1925. Robeson's recorded repertoire spanned many styles, including Americana, popular standards, classical music, European folk songs, political songs, poetry and spoken excerpts from plays.

Robeson performed in Britain in a touring melodrama, Voodoo, in 1922, and in Emperor Jones in 1925, and scored a major success in the London premiere of Show Boat in 1928, settling in London for several years with his wife Eslanda. While continuing to establish himself as a concert artist, Robeson also starred in a London production of Othello, the first of three productions of the play over the course of his career. He also gained attention in the film production of Show Boat (1936) and other films such as Sanders of the River (1935) and The Proud Valley (1940). During this period, Robeson became increasingly attuned to the sufferings of people of other cultures, notably the British working class and the colonized peoples of the British Empire. He advocated for Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War and became active in the Council on African Affairs (CAA).

Returning to the United States in 1939, during World War II Robeson supported the American and Allied war efforts. However, his history of supporting civil rights causes and pro-Soviet policies brought scrutiny from the FBI. After the war ended, the CAA was placed on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations and Robeson was investigated during the age of McCarthyism. Due to his decision not to recant his public advocacy, he was denied a passport by the U.S. State Department, and his income, consequently, plummeted. He moved to Harlem and from 1950 to 1955 published a periodical called Freedom which was critical of United States policies. His right to travel was eventually restored as a result of the 1958 United States Supreme Court decision, Kent v. Dulles. In the early 1960s he retired and lived the remaining years of his life privately in Philadelphia.

Early life

1898–1915: Childhood

Paul Leroy Robeson was born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1898, to Reverend William Drew Robeson and Maria Louisa Bustill. His mother, Maria, was from a prominent Quaker family of mixed ancestry. His father, William, was of Igbo origin and was born into slavery, William escaped from a plantation in his teens and eventually became the minister of Princeton's Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church in 1881. Robeson had three brothers: William Drew Jr. (born 1881), Reeve (born c. 1887), and Ben (born c. 1893); and one sister, Marian (born c. 1895).

In 1900, a disagreement between William and white financial supporters of Witherspoon arose with apparent racial undertones, which were prevalent in Princeton. William, who had the support of his entirely black congregation, resigned in 1901. The loss of his position forced him to work menial jobs. Three years later when Robeson was six, his mother, who was nearly blind, died in a house fire. Eventually, William became financially incapable of providing a house for himself and his children still living at home, Ben and Paul, so they moved into the attic of a store in Westfield, New Jersey.

William found a stable parsonage at the St. Thomas A.M.E. Zion in 1910, where Robeson filled in for his father during sermons when he was called away. In 1912, Robeson attended Somerville High School in Somerville, New Jersey, where he performed in Julius Caesar and Othello, sang in the chorus, and excelled in football, basketball, baseball and track. His athletic dominance elicited racial taunts which he ignored. Prior to his graduation, he won a statewide academic contest for a scholarship to Rutgers and was named class valedictorian. He took a summer job as a waiter in Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island, where he befriended Fritz Pollard, later to be the first African-American coach in the National Football League.

1915–1919: Rutgers College

In late 1915, Robeson became the third African-American student ever enrolled at Rutgers, and the only one at the time. He tried out for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team, and his resolve to make the squad was tested as his teammates engaged in excessive play, during which his nose was broken and his shoulder dislocated. The coach, Foster Sanford, decided he had overcome the provocation and announced that he had made the team.

Robeson joined the debating team and sang off-campus for spending money, and on-campus with the Glee Club informally, as membership required attending all-white mixers. He also joined the other collegiate athletic teams. As a sophomore, amidst Rutgers' sesquicentennial celebration, he was benched when a Southern team refused to take the field because the Scarlet Knights had fielded a Negro, Robeson.

After a standout junior year of football, he was recognized in The Crisis for his athletic, academic, and singing talents. At this time his father fell grievously ill. Robeson took the sole responsibility in caring for him, shuttling between Rutgers and Somerville. His father, who was the "glory of his boyhood years" soon died, and at Rutgers, Robeson expounded on the incongruity of African Americans fighting to protect America in World War I but, contemporaneously, being without the same opportunities in the United States as whites.

He finished university with four annual oratorical triumphs and varsity letters in multiple sports. His play at end won him first-team All-American selection, in both his junior and senior years. Walter Camp considered him the greatest end ever. Academically, he was accepted into Phi Beta Kappa and Cap and Skull. His classmates recognized him by electing him class valedictorian. The Daily Targum published a poem featuring his achievements. In his valedictory speech, he exhorted his classmates to work for equality for all Americans.

1919–1923: Columbia Law School and marriage

Robeson entered New York University School of Law in fall 1919. To support himself, he became an assistant football coach at Lincoln, where he joined the Alpha Phi Alpha. However, Robeson felt uncomfortable at NYU and moved to Harlem and transferred to Columbia Law School in February 1920. Already known in the black community for his singing, he was selected to perform at the dedication of the Harlem YWCA.

Robeson began dating Eslanda "Essie" Goode and after her coaxing, he gave his theatrical debut as Simon in Ridgely Torrence's Simon of Cyrene. After a year of courtship, they were married in August 1921.

Robeson was recruited by Pollard to play for the NFL's Akron Pros while he continued his law studies. In the spring, Robeson postponed school to portray Jim in Mary Hoyt Wiborg's play Taboo. He then sang in a chorus in an Off-Broadway production of Shuffle Along before he joined Taboo in Britain. The play was adapted by Mrs. Patrick Campbell to highlight his singing. After the play ended, he befriended Lawrence Brown, a classically trained musician, before returning to Columbia while playing for the NFL's Milwaukee Badgers. He ended his football career after 1922, and months later, he graduated from law school.

Theatrical success and ideological transformation

1923–1927: Harlem Renaissance

Robeson worked briefly as a lawyer, but he renounced a career in law due to widespread racism. Essie financially supported them and they frequented the social functions at the future Schomburg Center. In December 1924 he landed the lead role of Jim in Eugene O'Neill's All God's Chillun Got Wings, which culminated with Jim metaphorically consummating his marriage with his white wife by symbolically emasculating himself. Chillun's opening was postponed due to nationwide controversy over its plot.

Chillun's delay led to a revival of The Emperor Jones with Robeson as Brutus, a role pioneered by Charles Sidney Gilpin. The role terrified and galvanized Robeson, as it was practically a 90-minute soliloquy. Reviews declared him an unequivocal success. Though arguably clouded by its controversial subject, his Jim in Chillun was less well received. He deflected criticism of its plot by writing that fate had drawn him to the "untrodden path" of drama and the true measure of a culture is in its artistic contributions, and the only true American culture was African-American.

The success of his acting placed him in elite social circles and his ascension to fame, which was forcefully aided by Essie, had occurred at a startling pace. Essie's ambition for Robeson was a startling dichotomy to his indifference. She quit her job, became his agent, and negotiated his first movie role in a silent race film directed by Oscar Micheaux, Body and Soul (1925). To support a charity for single mothers, he headlined a concert singing spirituals. He performed his repertoire of spirituals on the radio.

Lawrence Brown, who had become renowned while touring as a pianist with gospel singer Roland Hayes, stumbled upon Robeson in Harlem. The two ad-libbed a set of spirituals, with Robeson as lead and Brown as accompanist. This so enthralled them that they booked Provincetown Playhouse for a concert. The pair's rendition of African-American folk songs and spirituals was captivating, and Victor Records signed Robeson to a contract.

The Robesons went to London for a revival of The Emperor Jones, before spending the rest of the fall on holiday on the French Riviera, socializing with Gertrude Stein and Claude McKay. Robeson and Brown performed a series of concert tours in America from January 1926 until May 1927.

During a hiatus in New York, Robeson learned that Essie was several months pregnant. Paul Robeson Jr. was born in November 1927 in New York, while Robeson and Brown toured Europe. Essie experienced complications from the birth, and by mid-December, her health had deteriorated dramatically. Ignoring Essie's objections, her mother wired Robeson and he immediately returned to her bedside. Essie completely recovered after a few months.

1928–1932: Show Boat, Othello, and marriage difficulties

In 1928, Robeson played "Joe" in the London production of the American musical Show Boat, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. His rendition of "Ol' Man River" became the benchmark for all future performers of the song. Some black critics were not pleased with the play due to its usage of the word "nigger". It was, nonetheless, immensely popular with white audiences. He was summoned for a Royal Command Performance at Buckingham Palace and Robeson was befriended by MPs from the House of Commons. Show Boat continued for 350 performances and, as of 2001, it remained the Royal's most profitable venture. The Robesons bought a home in Hampstead. He reflected on his life in his diary and wrote that it was all part of a "higher plan" and "God watches over me and guides me. He's with me and lets me fight my own battles and hopes I'll win." However, an incident at the Savoy Grill, in which he was refused seating, sparked him to issue a press release describing the insult which subsequently became a matter of public debate.

The couple appeared in the experimental Swiss film Borderline (1930). He then returned to the Savoy Theatre, in London's West End to play Othello, opposite Peggy Ashcroft as Desdemona. Robeson was the first black actor to play Othello in Britain since Ira Aldridge. The production received mixed reviews which noted Robeson's "highly civilized quality [but lacking the] grand style." Robeson stated the best way to diminish the oppression African Americans faced was for his artistic work to be an example of what "men of my colour" could accomplish rather than to "be a propagandist and make speeches and write articles about what they call the Colour Question."

After Essie discovered Robeson had been having an affair with Ashcroft, she decided to seek a divorce and they split up. Robeson returned to Broadway as Joe in the 1932 revival of Show Boat, to critical and popular acclaim. Subsequently, he received, with immense pride, an honorary master's degree from Rutgers. Thereabout, his former football coach, Foster Sanford, advised him that divorcing Essie and marrying Ashcroft would do irreparable damage to his reputation. Ashcroft and Robeson's relationship ended in 1932, following which Robeson and Essie reconciled, although their relationship was scarred permanently.

1933–1937: Ideological awakening

In 1933, Robeson played the role of Jim in the London production of Chillun, virtually gratis, then returned to the United States to star as Brutus in the film The Emperor Jones, "a feat not repeated for more than two decades in the U.S." His acting in The Emperor Jones—the first film to feature an African American in a starring role—was well received. On the film set he rejected any slight to his dignity, despite the widespread Jim Crow atmosphere in the United States. Upon returning to England he publicly criticized African Americans' rejection of their own culture. Despite negative reactions from the press, such as a New York Amsterdam News retort that Robeson had made a "jolly well [ass of himself]", he also announced that he would reject any offers to perform European opera because the music had no connection to his heritage.

In early 1934 Robeson enrolled in the School of Oriental and African Studies, a constituent college of the University of London, where he studied Phonetics, Swahili and other African languages. His "sudden interest" in African history and its impact on culture coincided with his essay "I Want to be African", wherein he wrote of his desire to embrace his ancestry.

His friends in the anti-imperialism movement and association with British socialists led him to visit the Soviet Union. Robeson, Essie, and Marie Seton traveled to the Soviet Union on an invitation from Sergei Eisenstein in December 1934. A stopover in Berlin enlightened Robeson to the racism in Nazi Germany and, on his arrival in Moscow, in the Soviet Union, Robeson said, "Here I am not a Negro but a human being for the first time in my life ... I walk in full human dignity." Waldemar ("Wally") Hille, who subsequently went on to do arrangements on the People's Songs Bulletin, got his start as an early touring pianist for Robeson.

He undertook the role of Bosambo in the movie Sanders of the River (1935), which he felt would render a realistic view of colonial African culture. Sanders of the River made Robeson an international movie star; but the stereotypical portrayal of a colonial African was seen as embarrassing to his stature as an artist and damaging to his reputation. The Commissioner of Nigeria to London protested the film as slanderous to his country, and Robeson thereafter became more politically conscious of his roles. He appeared in the play Stevedore at the Embassy Theatre in London in May 1935, which was favorably reviewed in The Crisis by Nancy Cunard, who concluded: "Stevedore is extremely valuable in the racial–social question—it is straight from the shoulder". In early 1936, he decided to send his son to school in the Soviet Union to shield him from racist attitudes. He then played the role of Toussaint Louverture in the eponymous play by C.L.R. James at the Westminster Theatre, and appeared in the films Song of Freedom, Show Boat (both 1936), My Song Goes Forth, King Solomon's Mines. and was the narrator of the documentary Big Fella (all 1937). In 1938, he was named by American Motion Picture Herald as the 10th most popular star in British cinema.

1937–1939: Spanish Civil War and political activism

Robeson believed that the struggle against fascism during the Spanish Civil War was a turning point in his life and transformed him into a political activist. In 1937, he used his concert performances to advocate the Republican cause and the war's refugees. He permanently modified his renditions of "Ol' Man River" – initially, by singing the word "darkies" instead of "niggers"; later, by changing some of the stereotypical dialect in the lyrics to standard English and replacing the fatalistic last verse ("Ah gits weary/ An' sick of tryin'/ Ah'm tired of livin'/ An skeered of dyin'") with an uplifting verse of his own ("But I keep laffin'/ Instead of cryin'/ I must keep fightin'/ Until I'm dyin'") – transforming it from a tragic "song of resignation with a hint of protest implied" into a battle hymn of unwavering defiance. His business agent expressed concern about his political involvement, but Robeson overruled him and decided that contemporary events trumped commercialism. In Wales, he commemorated the Welsh people killed while fighting for the Republicans, where he recorded a message that became his epitaph: "The artist must take sides. He must elect to fight for freedom or slavery. I have made my choice. I had no alternative."

After an invitation from J.B.S. Haldane, he traveled to Spain in 1938 because he believed in the International Brigades's cause, visited the hospital of the Benicàssim, singing to the wounded soldiers. Robeson also visited the battlefront and provided a morale boost to the Republicans at a time when their victory was unlikely. Back in England, he hosted Jawaharlal Nehru to support Indian independence, whereat Nehru expounded on imperialism's affiliation with Fascism. Robeson reevaluated the direction of his career and decided to focus on the ordeals of "common people", He appeared in the pro-labor play Plant in the Sun, in which he played an Irishman, his first "white" role. With Max Yergan, and the CAA, Robeson became an advocate in the aspirations of African nationalists for political independence.

Robeson also developed a sympathy for China's side in the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1940, the Chinese progressive activist, Liu Liangmo taught Robeson the patriotic song "Chee Lai!" ("Arise!"), known as the March of the Volunteers. Robeson memorized the words in Chinese. Robeson premiered the song at a large concert in New York City's Lewisohn Stadium and recorded it in both English and Chinese for Keynote Records in early 1941. Its 3-disc album included a booklet whose preface was written by Soong Ching-ling, widow of Sun Yat-sen, Robeson gave further performances at benefits for the China Aid Council and United China Relief at their sold-out concert at Washington's Uline Arena on April 24, 1941. The Washington Committee for Aid to China had booked Constitution Hall but been blocked by the Daughters of the American Revolution owing to Robeson's race. The indignation was great enough that President Roosevelt's wife Eleanor and Hu Shih, the Chinese ambassador, joined as sponsors. However, when the organizers offered tickets on generous terms to the National Negro Congress to help fill the larger venue, these sponsors withdrew, in objection to the NNC's Communist ties.

Partly because of the favorable international reputation Robeson gave to the song, it became China's National Anthem after 1949. The Chinese lyricist died in a Beijing prison in 1968, but Robeson continued to send royalties to his family.

World War II, the Broadway Othello, political activism, and McCarthyism

1939–1945: World War II and the Broadway Othello

Robeson's last British film was The Proud Valley (1940), set in a Welsh coal-mining town. After the outbreak of World War II, Robeson and his family returned to the United States in 1940, to Enfield, Connecticut, and he became America's "no.1 entertainer" with a radio broadcast of Ballad for Americans. Nevertheless, during a tour in 1940, the Beverly Wilshire Hotel was the only major Los Angeles hotel willing to accommodate him due to his race, at an exorbitant rate and registered under an assumed name, and he therefore dedicated two hours every afternoon to sitting in the lobby, where he was widely recognised, "to ensure that the next time Black[s] come through, they'll have a place to stay." Los Angeles hotels lifted their restrictions on black guests soon afterwards.

Furthermore, the documentary Native Land (1942), which Robeson narrated, was labeled by the FBI as communist propaganda. After an appearance in Tales of Manhattan (1942), a production that he felt was "very offensive to my people", he announced that he would no longer act in films because of the demeaning roles available to blacks.

Robeson participated in benefit concerts on behalf of the war effort and at a concert at the Polo Grounds, he met two emissaries from the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, Solomon Mikhoels and Itzik Feffer Subsequently, Robeson reprised his role of Othello at the Shubert Theatre in 1943, and became the first African American to play the role with a white supporting cast on Broadway. During the same period of time, he addressed a meeting with Kenesaw Mountain Landis in a failed attempt to convince him to admit black players to Major League Baseball. He toured North America with Othello until 1945, and subsequently, his political efforts with the CAA to get colonial powers to discontinue their exploitation of Africa were short-circuited by the United Nations.

1946–1949: Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations

After the mass lynching of four African Americans on July 25, 1946, Robeson met with President Truman and admonished Truman by stating that if he did not enact legislation to end lynching, "the Negroes will defend themselves". Truman immediately terminated the meeting and declared that the time was not right to propose anti-lynching legislation. Subsequently, Robeson publicly called upon all Americans to demand that Congress pass civil rights legislation. Taking a stance against lynching, Robeson founded the American Crusade Against Lynching organization in 1946. This organization was thought to be a threat to the NAACP antiviolence movement. Robeson received support from W.E.B. Du Bois regarding this matter and officially launched this organization on the anniversary of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, September 23.

About this time, Robeson's belief that trade unionism was crucial to civil rights became a mainstay of his political beliefs as he became a proponent of the union activist Revels Cayton. Robeson was later called before the Tenney Committee where he responded to questions about his affiliation with the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) by testifying that he was not a member of the CPUSA. Nevertheless, two organizations with which Robeson was intimately involved, the Civil Rights Congress (CRC) and the CAA, were placed on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations (AGLOSO). Subsequently, he was summoned before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, and when questioned about his affiliation with the Communist Party, he refused to answer, stating: "Some of the most brilliant and distinguished Americans are about to go to jail for the failure to answer that question, and I am going to join them, if necessary."

In 1948, Robeson was preeminent in Henry A. Wallace's bid for the President of the United States, during which Robeson traveled to the Deep South, at risk to his own life, to campaign for him. In the ensuing year, Robeson was forced to go overseas to work because his concert performances were canceled at the FBI's behest. While on tour, he spoke at the World Peace Council, at which his speech was publicly reported as equating America with a Fascist state—a depiction that he flatly denied. Nevertheless, the speech publicly attributed to him was a catalyst for his becoming an enemy of mainstream America. Robeson refused to bow to public criticism when he advocated in favor of twelve defendants, including his long-time friend, Benjamin J. Davis Jr., charged during the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders.

Robeson traveled to Moscow in June, and tried to find Itzik Feffer. He let Soviet authorities know that he wanted to see him. Reluctant to lose Robeson as a propagandist for the Soviet Union, the Soviets brought Feffer from prison to him. Feffer told him that Mikhoels had been murdered, and he would be summarily executed. To protect the Soviet Union's reputation, and to keep the right wing of the United States from gaining the moral high ground, Robeson denied that any persecution existed in the Soviet Union, and kept the meeting secret for the rest of his life, except from his son. On June 20, 1949, Robeson spoke at the Paris Peace Congress saying that "We in America do not forget that it was on the backs of the white workers from Europe and on the backs of millions of Blacks that the wealth of America was built. And we are resolved to share it equally. We reject any hysterical raving that urges us to make war on anyone. Our will to fight for peace is strong. We shall not make war on anyone. We shall not make war on the Soviet Union. We oppose those who wish to build up imperialist Germany and to establish fascism in Greece. We wish peace with Franco's Spain despite her fascism. We shall support peace and friendship among all nations, with Soviet Russia and the people's Republics." He was blacklisted for saying this in the mainstream press within the United States, including in many periodicals of the Negro press such as The Crisis.

In order to isolate Robeson politically, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) subpoenaed Jackie Robinson to comment on Robeson's Paris speech. Robinson testified that Robeson's statements, "'if accurately reported', were silly'". Days later, the announcement of a concert headlined by Robeson in New York City provoked the local press to decry the use of their community to support "subversives" and the Peekskill Riots ensued.

Later that year, Edward R. Murrow had CBS News colleague Don Hollenbeck contribute to the innovative media-review program CBS Views the Press over the radio network's flagship station WCBS. Hollenbeck discussed Edward U. Condon, Alger Hiss, and Paul Robeson. Regarding Robeson and the Peekskill riots of 27 August 1949, Hollenbeck said that, while most newspapers had covered the riots well, the New York World-Telegram had drawn from sources that disliked Robeson, including The Compass (successor to PM, Hollenbeck's former employer).

1950–1955: Blacklisted

A book reviewed in early 1950 as "the most complete record on college football" failed to list Robeson as ever having played on the Rutgers team and as ever having been an All-American. Months later, NBC canceled Robeson's appearance on Eleanor Roosevelt's television program. Subsequently, the State Department denied Robeson a passport and issued a "stop notice" at all ports because it believed that an isolated existence inside United States borders not only afforded him less freedom of expression but also avenge his "extreme advocacy on behalf of the independence of the colonial peoples of Africa." However, when Robeson met with State Department officials and asked why he was denied a passport, he was told that "his frequent criticism of the treatment of blacks in the United States should not be aired in foreign countries".

In 1951, an article titled "Paul Robeson – the Lost Shepherd" was published in The Crisis although Paul Jr. suspected it was written by Amsterdam News columnist Earl Brown. J. Edgar Hoover and the United States State Department arranged for the article to be printed and distributed in Africa in order to defame Robeson's reputation and reduce his and Communists' popularity in colonial countries. Another article by Roy Wilkins (now thought to have been the real author of "Paul Robeson – the Lost Shepherd") denounced Robeson as well as the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) in terms consistent with the anti-Communist FBI propaganda.

On December 17, 1951, Robeson presented to the United Nations an anti-lynching petition titled "We Charge Genocide". The document asserted that the United States federal government, by its failure to act against lynching in the United States, was "guilty of genocide" under Article II of the UN Genocide Convention.

In 1952, Robeson was awarded the International Stalin Prize by the Soviet Union. Unable to travel to Moscow, he accepted the award in New York. In April 1953, shortly after Stalin's death, Robeson penned To You My Beloved Comrade, praising Stalin as dedicated to peace and a guide to the world: "Through his deep humanity, by his wise understanding, he leaves us a rich and monumental heritage." Robeson's opinions about the Soviet Union kept his passport out of reach and stopped his return to the entertainment industry and the civil rights movement. In his opinion, the Soviet Union was the guarantor of political balance in the world.

In a symbolic act of defiance against the travel ban, in May 1952, labor unions in the United States and Canada organized a concert at the International Peace Arch on the border between Washington state and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Robeson returned to perform a second concert at the Peace Arch in 1953, and over the next two years, two further concerts took place. In this period, with the encouragement of his friend the Welsh politician Aneurin Bevan, Robeson recorded a number of radio concerts for supporters in Wales.

1956–1957: End of McCarthyism

In 1956, Robeson was called before HUAC after he refused to sign an affidavit affirming that he was not a Communist. In his testimony, he invoked the Fifth Amendment and refused to reveal his political affiliations. When asked why he had not remained in the Soviet Union because of his affinity with its political ideology, he replied, "because my father was a slave and my people died to build [the United States and], I am going to stay here, and have a part of it just like you and no fascist-minded people will drive me from it!" At that hearing, Robeson stated "Whether I am or not a Communist is irrelevant. The question is whether American citizens, regardless of their political beliefs or sympathies, may enjoy their constitutional rights." In 1957, still unable to accept invitations to perform abroad, Paul Robeson sang for audiences in London, where 1,000 concert tickets for his telephone concert at St Pancras Town Hall sold out within an hour, and Wales via the transatlantic telephone cable TAT-1: "We have to learn the hard way that there is another way to sing". An appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States to reinstate his confiscated passport had been rejected, but over the telephone Robeson was able to sing to the 5,000 gathered there as he had earlier in the year to London.

Due to the reaction to the promulgation of Robeson's political views, his recordings and films were removed from public distribution, and he was universally condemned in the U.S press. During the height of the Cold War, it became increasingly difficult in the United States to hear Robeson sing on commercial radio, buy his music or see his films.

In 1956, in the United Kingdom, Topic Records, at that time part of the Workers Music Association, released a single of Robeson singing "Joe Hill", written by Alfred Hayes and Earl Robinson, backed with "John Brown's Body". Joe Hill (1879–1915) was a labor activist in the early 20th century, and "Joe Hill" sung by Robeson is the third favorite choice of British Labour Party politicians on the BBC radio program Desert Island Discs.

Nikita Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalinism at the 1956 Party Congress silenced Robeson on Stalin, although Robeson continued to praise the Soviet Union. In 1956, after public pressure brought a one-time exemption to the travel ban, Robeson performed two concerts in Canada in February, one in Toronto and the other at a union convention in Sudbury, Ontario. That year Robeson, along with close friend W.E.B. Du Bois, compared the anti-Soviet uprising in Hungary to the "same sort of people who overthrew the Spanish Republican Government" and supported the Soviet invasion and suppression of the revolt.

Later years

1958–1960: Comeback tours

1958 saw the publication of Robeson's "manifesto-autobiography" Here I Stand. His passport was restored in June 1958 via Kent v. Dulles, and he embarked on a world tour using London as his base. In Moscow in August 1959, he received a tumultuous reception at the Luzhniki Stadium where he sang classic Russian songs along with American standards. Robeson and Essie then flew to Yalta to rest and spend time with Nikita Khrushchev.

On October 11, 1959, Robeson took part in a service at St. Paul's Cathedral, the first black performer to sing there. On a trip to Moscow, Robeson experienced bouts of dizziness and heart problems and was hospitalized for two months while Essie was diagnosed with operable cancer. He recovered and returned to the UK to visit the National Eisteddfod.

Meanwhile, the State Department had circulated negative literature about him throughout the media in India.

While leading The Royal Shakespeare Company starring as Othello in Tony Richardson's 1959 production at Stratford-upon-Avon, he befriended actor Andrew Faulds, whose family hosted him in the nearby village of Shottery. In 1960, in what was his final concert performance in Great Britain, Robeson sang to raise money for the Movement for Colonial Freedom at the Royal Festival Hall.

In October 1960, Robeson embarked on a two-month concert tour of Australia and New Zealand with Essie, primarily to generate money, at the behest of Australian politician Bill Morrow. While in Sydney, he became the first major artist to perform at the construction site of the future Sydney Opera House. After appearing at the Brisbane Festival Hall, they went to Auckland where Robeson reaffirmed his support of Marxism, denounced the inequality faced by the Māori and efforts to denigrate their culture. Thereabouts, Robeson publicly stated "..the people of the lands of Socialism want peace dearly".

During the tour he was introduced to Faith Bandler who interested the Robesons in the plight of the Australian Aborigines. Robeson, consequently, became enraged and demanded the Australian government provide the Aborigines citizenship and equal rights. He attacked the view of the Aborigines as being unsophisticated and uncultured, and declared, "there's no such thing as a backward human being, there is only a society which says they are backward."

1961–1963: Health breakdown

Back in London, he decided to return to the United States, where he hoped to resume participation in the civil rights movement, stopping off in Africa and Cuba along the way. Essie argued to stay in London, fearing that he'd be "killed" if he returned and would be "unable to make any money" due to harassment by the United States government. Robeson disagreed and made his own travel arrangements, arriving in Moscow in March 1961.

During an uncharacteristically wild party in his Moscow hotel room, Robeson locked himself in his bedroom and attempted suicide by cutting his wrists. Three days later, under Soviet medical care, he told his son that he felt extreme paranoia, thought that the walls of the room were moving and, overcome by a powerful sense of emptiness and depression, tried to take his own life.

Paul Jr. believed that his father's health problems stemmed from attempts by the CIA and MI5 to "neutralize" his father. He remembered that his father had had such fears prior to his prostate operation. He said that three doctors treating Robeson in London and New York had been CIA contractors, and that his father's symptoms resulted from being "subjected to mind depatterning under MK-ULTRA", a secret CIA programme. Martin Duberman wrote that Robeson's health breakdown was probably brought on by a combination of factors including extreme emotional and physical stress, bipolar depression, exhaustion and the beginning of circulatory and heart problems. "[E]ven without an organic predisposition and accumulated pressures of government harassment he might have been susceptible to a breakdown."

Robeson stayed at the Barvikha Sanatorium until September 1961, when he left for London. There his depression reemerged, and after another period of recuperation in Moscow, he returned to London. Three days after arriving back, he became suicidal and suffered a panic attack while passing the Soviet Embassy. He was admitted to the Priory Hospital, where he underwent electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and was given heavy doses of drugs for nearly two years, with no accompanying psychotherapy. During his treatment at the Priory, Robeson was being monitored by the British MI5. Both intelligence services were well aware of Robeson's suicidal state of mind. An FBI memo described Robeson's debilitated condition, remarking that his "death would be much publicized" and would be used for Communist propaganda, necessitating continued surveillance. Numerous memos advised that Robeson should be denied a passport renewal, an obstacle that was likely to further jeopardize his recovery process.

In August 1963, disturbed about his treatment, friends and family had Robeson transferred to the Buch Clinic in East Berlin. Given psychotherapy and less medication, his physicians found him still "completely without initiative" and they expressed "doubt and anger" about the "high level of barbiturates and ECT" that had been administered in London. He rapidly improved, though his doctor stressed that "what little is left of Paul's health must be quietly conserved."

1963–1976: Retirement

In 1963, Robeson returned to the United States and for the remainder of his life lived in seclusion. He momentarily assumed a role in the civil rights movement, making a few major public appearances before falling seriously ill during a tour. Double pneumonia and a kidney blockage in 1965 nearly killed him.

Robeson was contacted by both Bayard Rustin and James Farmer about the possibility of becoming involved with the mainstream of the Civil Rights Movement. Because of Rustin's past anti-Communist stances, Robeson declined to meet with him. Robeson eventually met with Farmer, but because he was asked to denounce Communism and the Soviet Union in order to assume a place in the mainstream, Robeson adamantly declined.

After Essie, who had been his spokesperson to the media, died in December 1965, Robeson moved in with his son's family in New York City. He was rarely seen strolling near his Harlem apartment on Jumel Place [sic], and his son responded to press inquiries that his "father's health does not permit him to perform or answer questions."

In 1968, he settled at his sister's home in Philadelphia. Numerous celebrations were held in honor of Robeson over the next several years, including at public arenas that had previously shunned him, but he saw few visitors aside from close friends and gave few statements apart from messages to support current civil rights and international movements, feeling that his record "spoke for itself". In 1974, he posed for a portrait by artist Kenneth Hari at his sisters home. The portrait was unveiled in 1978 at the Paul Robeson Center at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey, where it remains on display. At a Carnegie Hall tribute to mark his 75th birthday in 1973, he was unable to attend, but a taped message from him was played that said: "Though I have not been able to be active for several years, I want you to know that I am the same Paul, dedicated as ever to the worldwide cause of humanity for freedom, peace and brotherhood."

1976: Death, funeral, and public response

On January 23, 1976, following complications of a stroke, Robeson died in Philadelphia at the age of 77. He lay in state in Harlem and his funeral was held at his brother Ben's former parsonage, Mother Zion AME Zion Church, where Bishop J. Clinton Hoggard performed the eulogy. His twelve pall bearers included Harry Belafonte and Fritz Pollard. He was interred in the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. According to biographer Martin Duberman, contemporary post-mortem reflections on Robeson's life in "[the] white [American] press..ignored the continuing inability of white America to tolerate a black maverick who refused to bend, ..downplayed the racist component central to his persecution [during his life]", as they "paid him gingerly respect and tipped their hat to him as a 'great American,'" while the black American press, "which had never, overall, been as hostile to Robeson [as the white American press had], opined that his life '...would always be a challenge to white and Black America.'"

Legacy and honors

Early in his life, Robeson was one of the most influential participants in the Harlem Renaissance. His achievements in sport and culture were all the more incredible given the barriers of racism he had to surmount. Robeson brought Negro spirituals into the American mainstream. His theatrical performances have been recognized as the first to display dignity for black actors and pride in African heritage, and he was among the first artists to refuse to play live to segregated audiences.

After McCarthyism, [Robeson's stand] on anti-colonialism in the 1940s would never again have a voice in American politics, but the [African independence movements] of the late 1950s and 1960s would vindicate his anti-colonial [agenda].

Subsequently, in 1945 he received the Spingarn medal from the NAACP. Several public and private establishments he was associated with have been landmarked, or named after him. His efforts to end Apartheid in South Africa were posthumously rewarded in 1978 by the United Nations General Assembly. Paul Robeson: Tribute to an Artist won an Academy Award for best short documentary in 1980. In 1995, he was named to the College Football Hall of Fame. In the centenary of his birth, which was commemorated around the world, he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award, as well as a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Robeson is also a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.

As of 2011, the run of Othello starring Robeson was the longest-running production of a Shakespeare play ever staged on Broadway. He received a Donaldson Award for his performance. His Othello was characterised by Michael A. Morrison in 2011 as a high point in Shakespearean theatre in the 20th century.

Robeson left Australia as a respected, albeit controversial, figure and his support for Aboriginal rights had a profound effect in Australia over the next decade.

Robeson archives exist at the Academy of Arts; Howard University, and the Schomburg Center. In 2010, Susan Robeson launched a project by Swansea University and the Welsh Assembly to create an online learning resource in her grandfather's memory.

Robeson connected his own life and history not only to his fellow Americans and to his people in the South, but to all the people of Africa and its diaspora whose lives had been fundamentally shaped by the same processes that had brought his ancestors to America. While a consensus definition of his legacy remains controversial, to deny his courage in the face of public and governmental pressure would be to defame his courage.

In 1976, the apartment building on Edgecombe Avenue in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan where Robeson lived during the early 1940s was officially renamed the Paul Robeson Residence, and declared a National Historic Landmark. In 1993, the building was designated a New York City landmark as well. Edgecombe Avenue itself was later co-named Paul Robeson Boulevard.

In 1978, TASS announced that the Latvian Shipping Company had named one of its new 40,000-ton tankers Paul Robeson in honor of the singer. TASS said the ship's crew established a Robeson museum aboard the tanker.

In 1998, the second SOAS University London halls of residence was named in his honour.

In 2002, a blue plaque was unveiled by English Heritage on the house in Hampstead where Robeson lived in 1929–30.

In 2004, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 37-cent stamp honoring Robeson.

In 2006, a plaque was unveiled in his honour at the SOAS University London

In 2007, the Criterion Collection, a company that specializes in releasing special-edition versions of classic and contemporary films, released a DVD boxed set of Robeson films.

In 2009, Robeson was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.

The main campus library at Rutgers University-Camden is named after Robeson, as is the campus center at Rutgers University-Newark. The Paul Robeson Cultural Center is on the campus of Rutgers University-New Brunswick.

In 1972, Penn State established a formal cultural center on the University Park campus. Students and staff chose to name the center for Robeson.

A street in Princeton, New Jersey is named after him. In addition, the block of Davenport Street in Somerville, New Jersey, where St. Thomas AME Zion Church still stands is called Paul Robeson Boulevard.

In West Philadelphia, the Paul Robeson High School, which won 2019 U.S. News & World Report for Best High Schools in Pennsylvania, is also named after him.

To celebrate the 100th anniversary of Robeson's graduation, Rutgers University named an open-air plaza after him on Friday, April 12, 2019. The plaza, next to the Voorhees Mall on the College Avenue campus at Rutgers–New Brunswick, features eight black granite panels with details of Robeson's life. Also in 2019, Commercial Avenue in New Brunswick was renamed Paul Robeson Boulevard.

On March 6, 2019, the city council of New Brunswick, New Jersey approved the renaming of Commercial Avenue to Paul Robeson Boulevard.

In popular culture

In 1954, the Kurdish poet Abdulla Goran wrote the poem "Bangêk bo Pol Ropsin" ("A Call for Paul Robeson"). In the same year, another Kurdish poet, Cegerxwîn, also wrote a poem about him, "Heval Pol Robson" ("Comrade Paul Robeson"), which was put to music by singer Şivan Perwer in 1976.

Black 47's 1989 album Home of the Brave includes the song "Paul Robeson (Born to Be Free)", which features spoken quotes of Robeson as part of the song. These quotes are drawn from Robeson's testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee in June 1956. In 2001, Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers released a song titled "Let Robeson Sing" as a tribute to Robeson, which reached number 19 on the UK singles chart.

In January 1978, James Earl Jones performed the one-man show Paul Robeson, written by Phillip Hayes Dean, on Broadway. This stage drama was made into a TV movie in 1979, starring Jones and directed by Lloyd Richards. At the 2007 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, British-Nigerian actor Tayo Aluko, himself a baritone soloist, premiered his one-man show, Call Mr. Robeson: A Life with Songs, which has since toured various countries.

Tom Rob Smith's novel Agent 6 (2012) includes the character Jesse Austin, "a black singer, political activist and communist sympathizer modeled after real-life actor/activist Paul Robeson." Robeson also appears in short fiction published in the online literary magazines the Maple Tree Literary Supplement and Every Day Fiction.

In November 2014, it was reported that film director Steve McQueen's next film would be a biographical film about Paul Robeson. As of 2018, the film has not been made.

On September 7, 2019, Crossroads Theater Company performed Phillip Hayes Dean's play Paul Robeson in the inaugural performance of the New Brunswick Performing Arts Center.

#04/09 #01/23

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zukalations · 5 years

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flourish - Maaya Kiho

flourish was a GRAPH feature where Musumeyaku talked about things like their favorite scenes and costumes, and showed off handmade stage accessories. Maaya’s was published in October of 2017.

flourish - Maaya Kiho (Snow Troupe)

Stage makeup that had to be Just Right

Guys and Dolls (shinjin kouen) - Adelaide (main cast: Rei Makoto)

I was very conscious of my character being a ‘showgirl’, so I was determined to make it very showy. I used lots of colors together, like pink, purple, and light blue, when doing my eyeshadow. One of the senior actresses taught me that large grain glitter would show up better on stage, so I used the glitter from MAKE UP FOR EVER to make the area around my eyes really sparkly*. In order to make the look just a little messy, like Adelaide, I made the space between my eyebrows wider than I normally would.

Roles that had a big impact on you

A Song of Love and Revolution - Andre Chenier (shinjn kouen) - Judith (main cast: Asazuki Kiwa)

This was the first role I received in a shinjin kouen, so I have a lot of memories from it. How would she have lived, in her painful situation as a young girl who was caught in the revolution and lost her parents… I really struggled with it, but even though I was so desperate every day as the most junior member of the cast, that ended up overlapping with my role and helping me build up Judith as a character. Since I had to start singing at a really quiet moment, when it came time for the real thing my mind was totally blank from a mixture of nerves and excitement, but I still was totally focused. When I exited into the wings, it was like all the nervousness was released all of a sudden and I collapsed… Therefore, even though I have a lot of strong memories of it, I don’t remember at all how I was actually performing (laughs).

Fledermaus (shinjin kouen) - Adele (main cast: Hinami Fuu)

It was the heroine role in the shinjin kouen, and on top of that, an operetta, so it was quite the challenge to say the least. I was doing a lot by trial and error, so the vocal coach, Minakaze Mai, advised me “If you open your eyes wide and always use a happy voice, you will end up with a proper musumeyaku singing voice”, and really encouraged me in my singing practice. Although I’m actually the type to get really nervous, I was able to really go for it in the acting since I thought ‘It will really be a waste if I don’t enjoy this one-time-only performance!’ and it was a lot of fun.

A revue scene that had a big impact on you

Dramatic “S”! - Sapeurs** (Paris)

I was able to perform together with Nozomi-san in a scene that had a bit of a story to it. Ever since I was a fan I had loved watching scenes that stir up the imagination like that, so I was so happy. The expression in Nozomi-san’s voice was different every day, and she would give me a clear lead, so I enjoyed expressing myself as well. I want to do my best for the national tour as well.

A hairstyle that you have strong memories of

Elisabeth - Rondo of Love and Death (shinjin kouen) - Madame Wolfe (main cast: Taiga Rin)

Basically, I wanted to make it really gaudy, so that I would look like a prostitute. One thing I was really particular about was having red highlights in my hair to match the fur on the costume. It’s mixed in with brown and black. I wanted it to look really over the top, so I was putting a lot of care in to see how high I could get the back section and how much of a sweep I could get into my bangs.

Hand-made item presentation

This is an accessory I made for my shinjin kouen role of Edna Smith (main cast: Senna Ayase) in Last Tycoon - The Hollywood Emperor’s Eternal Love. The necklace was to be worn with a short hairstyle, so there are stones dangling down the back as well. I thought making it in a V shape to match the V-neck of the costume would be too on-point in terms of style, so to suit the character I made it in a U shape. I made this barrette in my favorite butterfly motif, and I used green stones to match the color scene of the costume. It was my first time making accessories with a character in mind, so I consulted a lot with Senna-san, in the main cast, and I kept thinking ‘Being a musumeyaku is so nice~’ as I was making it, so it really brings back memories for me!

Technical pointers

First, make sure all your tools, like your pliers and your glue gun, are properly arranged on your work space. If you do that, you’ll be surprised at how you’re able to make anything. After that, it’s good to get inspiration from magazines, and consult with staff people in the craft shops, and I think making something you like exactly how you like it is the most fun!

* I think she means this line of products: https://www.makeupforever.com/us/en-us/make-up/artistic/glitter-strass

** Sapeurs are a Congolese-originating dandy subculture that inspired the fashion of this scene.

#takarazuka #mag: kageki #article translation #troupe: yuki #troupe: hana #sienne: maaya kiho

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novadragon1000 · 6 years

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Memory of Yu-Gi-Oh

this is not intended to flame anyone or such. But one thing I do believe is that my friends given me too much credit.

There is one thing i always will believe and that is there will always be someone better then you. I started playing this game in the 2005’ - 2006’ year which is my junior and senior year in High School at PHS. A small group of people will often challenge me and a close friend of mine during lunchtime and we will always beat them due to we using a meta chaos deck for both formats ( traditional and advanced ). I used a chaos burn build and my friend uses an aggression build surrounding our ace monsters Chaos sorcerer , black luster soldier - envoy of the beginning and chaos emperor dragon - envoy of the end.... made from 2 expansion sets invasion of chaos and magicians force... To a point the group often will avoid us.

Then we he suggested we enter a duelist league at a local Toy R’ Us store Saturday mornings. In a sense this can be regarded as a local tourneys. But is otherwise known as organized play. I continued till after the end of the duel monsters season. During this time I had to prepare for college during which is the Gx ( generation Next ) season. I did not take part in any leagues this season so even now I lack a deck that focuses on fusions.

Entering college i joined anime club for some time the club members learned that i play the game but during this time it has evolved to the 5ds season. I rejoin the game and made another deck ( dragunity ) knowing my original chaos build is way too old and slow.

This was my step in back into competitive league play i also made several others Fire King , Zombie World ( given to me by a trade ) , Black feather ( a lost deck that people thought belongs to me ), dragons collide ( Zexeal ) , Master of Pendulum ( arc v ). I also kept my old chaos build and remade it to use synchros and xyz monsters. After the Arc V season I have decided to quit being a league player and only play online.

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marmolita · 6 years

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a meme thingy!

tagged by: @canariesrise (btw dude we watched a couple more episodes of SG-1 and wow yes there are some cringe-worthy moments in this early season, society sure has advanced in the past 20 years)

Nickname: Lita

Last movie I saw: Yesterday I watched The Emperor’s New Groove with my kids. They thought much of it was hilarious but after it was done I asked what they thought and they started crying and said it was too scary.

Favorite musicians: L’Arc~en~Ciel, Queen, ??? lots of people

Song stuck in my head: the song that my kids keep setting their hatchimals to play over and over and over. who knows what the composer titled this, but I refer to it as “hatchimal dance party”

Do I get asks: sometimes! Not as many as I was getting a while back now that fandom has slowed (or my fic output has slowed).

Other blogs: I have some sideblogs for events that I’ve run, namely: @lunoct-smut-weekend, @ravus-week, and @ffxv-holiday-gift-exchange. I also have some ancient sideblogs I’ve abandoned like @if-farscape-was-fic and @asofterenterprise, and I set up an IFTTT feed for @ao3feed-marcopolo.

Amount of sleep: idk maybe 7 hours if the kids sleep all night?

Lucky number: Seven!

What I’m wearing: Jeans and a long-sleeve black v-neck

Dream job: Being independently wealthy so that I don’t need a job at all

Dream trip: I kind of took a dream trip back in 2004, and nowadays I have a lot of various places I’d like to go but I don’t know that I’d count any of them as a dream trip. A dream trip in the sense that I’m unlikely to ever actually fulfill it: Mongolia.

Favorite food: Dessert. Pretty much any dessert, tbh. Ice cream, cakes, cookies, pies, pudding, tarts, chocolate, if it’s sweet, I’m here for it.

Play any instruments: I play violin and piano, theoretically, though I don’t actively anymore. I was the concertmaster of my college orchestra! But I’m prone to repetitive stress injury and as long as I’m working 40 hours a week at a job where I type all day, it’s just not compatible.

Well okay I suppose if I gave up fanfic and using my computer or phone outside the workplace, perhaps I could handle it again. But to be honest I have always liked fanfic more than playing my violin (see: my initial bout of RSI as a junior/senior in high school thanks to endless hours of fandomming with poor ergonomics while also writing lots of homework and doing violin and piano).

Favorite song: What like of all time? Man, I don’t even know. I have a lot of them I think. Since I mentioned L’Arc~en~Ciel earlier though I’m gonna have to say a tossup between “New World” and “My Heart Draws a Dream.”

Random fact: I’m known at work for being an incredibly fast typist. Little do they all know that my typing skills were honed in 90′s internet chat rooms.

Describe yourself as aesthetic things: these days? a recliner, warm blanket, pile of stuffed animals, my kids’ artwork, and a pile of smutty fanfiction.

taaaaagging: whoever wants to do it because I cannot brain tonight haha, if you do it tag me back so I can read it!

#lita talks about herself

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cannedapricot · 7 years

Text

Police Officer! Hwang Minhyun

happy one month of scenarios from cannedapricot!! i can’t believe it’s been a month already! here’s a super short and hopefully sweet police officer! hwang minhyun. no one has gifed minhyun in the police uniform yet bUT IT’S OK I LOVE THIS GIF TOO

welcome to hongdae’s main police station

if you enter and head down the hallway, then turn right, you’ll be met with the sight of a couple dozen cops buzzing around the office

some interrogating sleasy looking men

some annoyed that they have to deal with the same crowd of teenagers again.

minhyun worked as a senior inspector at this very station

it wasn’t super high on the ranks but it was certainly impressive for this age (i think,,,, don’t quote me on it)

his co-workers loved calling him the emperor of the station because reALLY THAT’S WHAT HE’S LIKE

he sank back into his chair, tired eyes gazing over the hectic office

and downed his nth cup of coffee for the evening

this was a normal sight in the station

people talking in hushed tones, phones ringing, someone from thaT ONE SQUAD OF TEENAGERS THROWING UP

OVER THE NEWLY CLEANED FL O O R

MINHYUN LOWKEY WANTS TO THROW UP HIMSELF

INH A L ES

IT’s ok

it was worse on a friday night

or saturday early morning

minhyun was just,,,,, ready for a nap

and so without knowing, his eyes end up closing by themselves

until he was woken by junior inspector! jaehwan

“lol hyung if your that tired we could change spots-”

“as long as i’m breathing, you’re not getting promoted”

he has no idea how jaehwan even made it thus far

“what do you need now?”

minhyun says as he sits up in his chair

“we finaLLY GOT YOU AN ASSISTANT!!!!”

“what”

“all of us thought that you were working way too hard,,,, sOOOOooOoOO WE GOT YOU A GIFT!!!”

“i’m not a thing to be given, kim jaehwan”

you said, popping into minhyun’s sight from behind jaehwan

“oops??”

you ignored jaehwan lol

“hi!! i’m y/n! i’ll be assisting you from now on!!!!”

“oh,,,, uh,,,, hi,,,,, are you trained?”

trained???

what are you???? a dog????

honestly,,,,

you were just looking for a job to earn some extra money while you look for a stable job

and as if it was a miracle!!!11!!111

your old friend fromm high school, kim jaehwan, rang you up and asked if you were interested in working with a good looking dude

aka him

you shot him down

“ok how about a more average looking dude”

you agreed because wow you were running out of instant noodles

and real quick too

hE NEVER TOLD YOU ANYTHING ABOUT THIS JOB????

HE JUST CAME OVER ONE DAY AND SORTA KIDNAPPED YOU OVER TO THE STATION

YOU WERE NOT DRESSED PROFFESSIONALLY

to this day, you’re still suspicious about how jaehwan knew you needed a job

he said that he had magical powers

in reality though

he saw your snapchat story

ft. your cat and you complaining about how much your wallet was crying

and thought about how tired minhyun looked everyday

anD CONNECTED DOTS

back to your awk asf meeting with your boss

“ha,,,, tr a in e d????”

“o H,,,,, UM IT’S OK,,, I’LL JUST TEACH YOU HOW TO DO THE PAPERWORK”

cue jaehwan wiping invisible tears

“ah,,,, minhyun finally gets to relax a little *fake sobs*”

“you can leave now”

you and minhyun say at the same time

and you figured that the two of you would get along just fine

skip forward a few weeks

you and minhyun weren’t the stiff pair from two weeks ago

in fact, you two didn’t seem like just co-workers

after taking off some of the weight from minhyun’s shoulders, minhyun seemed more energetic

instead of sitting at his desk tiredly after a day of work, he’d bring in two cups of hot coffee and meet you with a bright smile

you would return his smile of course

you and minhyun had this system were you would take most of the paper work and minhyun would take care of anything that requires him to physically be there lol

and he would return every evening with two cups of coffee and his 1000000 watt smile

iT WAS ADORABLE

ALL THE OTHER OFFICERS LOWKEY COO OVER YOU TWO

IT WAS LIKE YOU GUYS WERE AN OLD MARRIED COUPLE TO BE HONEST

IT SEEMED LIKE YOU’VE DONE THIS JOB TOGETHER FOR YEARS

also,,,, they’ve seen the way minhyun looks away from his share of the work just to stare at you

he loves how hard working you are

of course, you were adorable normally buT SOMEHOW

YOU GET 10x MORE WHEN YOU’RE CONCENTRATING

but uh

minhyun was hopeless with girls

his co-workers figured that out

with a helpful tip off from jaehwan lmao

they legit have a group chat dedicated to playing cupid for you two

mostly gossips though

“heY JAEHWAN HAVE THEY COME BACK FROM THEIR STROLL YET???”

by stroll they mean the night duties minhyun has around the block

he takes you along with him soooooo 👀👀👀👀

you’d be lying if you said that minhyun didn’t look 10x as good under the streetlights at night

you’d also be lying if you said that you had no feelings for him

YOU LOWKEY GET A HEART ATTACK WHENEVER YOU LOOK AT HIM

HOW DOES SOMEONE SO ETHEREAL EXIST

and his cute actions don’t help either

he openly complains to you whenever some drunk person throws up on the tiles he cleaned personally h o u r s before

spoiler

he looks cute whining

you didn’t think he cared as much about you as you care for him

untilll ll ll lllllll 👀 👀 👀 👀

one day

you weren’t feeling 100%

so you rang up the station and told them that you were gonna take a day off

but for some reason cough the other officers purposely didn’t say anything cough minhyun didn’t get the message

when he arrived at the station, he expected you to be at your desk (less than three meters away from his own) like you were every day

bUT YOU WE R EN ‘T

enter: panic mode

he thinks that you had enough of him and quit without telling him

minhyun gets your address from jaehwan

who was totally ready and even had your address written down on a piece of paper

minhyun didn’t even think about it lol

he zoomed over to your place

you were just lounging on your couch, your roommate gone to work for the day

you were trying your best to not let snot flow out of your nose l ma o

while going through your phone

until you heard,

frANTIC KNOCKING

your phone dropped onto your face

thAT SHIT HURTS

YOUR CAT RAN AWAY FROM YOU FROM THE NOISE IT MADE LMAO

wincing, you shuffle towards the door

not looking through the peephole, you open the door, still rubbing your nose lol

there stood hwang minhyun, emperor of the hongdae police station, trying his best to catch his breath

THE BOY RAN ALL THE WAY HERE

PROPS TO YOU MY MAN

“what- minhyun? what are you doing-”

minhyun suddenly holds you in a tight ass hug

“i’m so sorry for whatever i’ve done to offend you,,,, please don’t hate me”

you’re confused™

“what are you talking about? i took a day off because i wasn’t feeling well”

O H

W E L L

I S N ’ T T H I S A W K W A R D

clears throat awkwardly

also releases you awkwardly

rubs neck awkwardly

“i thought that,,,, maybe i did something,,,,, and you quit the job,,,”

he said his voice getting smaller with each word

yOU LAUGHED

“YOU’RE ADORABLE”

minhyun becomes mintomato

“a-anyway,,, you said you weren’t feeling well? i guess i’ll make you some soup then.”

he pushes you aside and lets himself in

iNHALES SHARPLY

THE MESS YOU HAVE MADE WITH YOUR TISSUES

“y/n. what is this?”

“ah shit”

minhyun turns to you with the creepiest smile

you immediately ran to chuck the used tissues away

minhyun somehow digs out your rubber gloves and sanitizer in the meantime

and starts spraying e v e r y t h i n g

makes you sit on the couch and not do anything

after he’s satisfied that everything was spotless

he turns to make you soup

you sigh in relief because thaNK THE HEAVENS YOUR ROOMMATE WENT GROCERY SHOPPING YESTERDAY

so you sit on the couch, on your phone, as minhyun slaves away in the kitchen

you look over once in a while

you saw him cutting vegetables (bOYF MATERIAL RIGHT THERE LADIES)

you also saw him ringing up the station presumably making some excuse that he couldn’t make it anymore (the co-workers know exactly what he was doing tho 👀👀)

then you saw him mucking around on his phone

seemingly like he was texting???

jaehwan perhaps

bUT UNKNOWN TO YOU

MINHYUN WAS GOING OVER WHAT TO SAY FOR HIS GREAT CONFESSION PLAN™

while the soup was taking it’s time obviously

he was typing out phrases in his messaging app

the contact being you

y/n i like you. date me

too straight-forward. no

y/n your honestly the most prettiest girl i’ve ever met lets go on a date

ew too cheesy. no

y/n i like you and your dumb quirks. even though your sick right now, you’re still the most adorable human being i’ve ever seen

lol too dumb. no-

oH SHIT

HIS THUMB BRUSHED THE SEND BUTTON

AND

SENT

HE HEARS THE DING FROM THE OTHER ROOM

OH SHI-

“hey minhyun did you just send me a message?”

“y ea h ?”

he squeaked

you chuckle

“hey,, come here for a bit”

he shuffles over

you pull him by the collar and press a small kiss on his cheek

“i like you and your dumb clean freak self as well”

minhyun squeaks again

in happiness

“so,,,,,, are we,,,,, you know,,,,, a thing now?”

“if you want us to be”

yOU WERE SMILING SO BRIGHT

MINHYUN COULDN’T HELP BUT LET OUT A CUTE GRIN

“what excuse did you tell the station?”

you asked

“i said that my girlfriend was sick and i had to take care of her”

???????????

LIES

minhyun actually said something about his dog being sick

was he implying that you were a dog????? because minhyun doesn’t own a dog??????

you’re a trained dog now

minhyun grows red in embarassment

whAT DID HE JUST SA Y

and he withers in it until you realize something

“um minhyun?”

“yeah?”

“the soup,,,,, it’s boiling and spashing out,,,,,”

MINHYUN BASICALLY FLASHED HIS WAY INTO THE KITCHEN

YOU’VE NEVER SEEN SOMEONE RUN SO FAST IN YOUR ENTIRE LIFE

ENJOY THE REST OF YOUR LIFE WITH AN IDIOT POLICE OFFICER YOU NOOB

wow isn’t minhyun lowkey kinda ooc here. this is the shortest thing i’ve ever written at 1.6k,,,,, but it still took fo r ev er. DISCLAIMER: i have no idea about how the police work,,, everything here is from my imagination and the dramas i’ve watched sodufbvsb

in other news, wanna one has wrecked apricot, she is no longer alive. i juST WANT ONGNIEL TO BE HAPPY SOBS

in other, other news, happy one month kiddos!!! i love you all and stay healthy!! full length scenarios will be back after my exams!!! wait for me <3333

#wanna one #hwang minhyun #produce 101 #police officer! au #broduce 101 #wanna one scenarios #kpop #kpop scenarios #pledis #nuest scenarios #nuest #hwang minhyun scenarios #wanna one imagines #wanna one aus #hwang minhyun imagines #hwang minhyun aus

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heavyarethecrowns · 6 years

Photo

Those that have married in to Royal Families since 1800

Monaco

Ernst August, Prince of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg (Ernst August Albert Paul Otto Rupprecht Oskar Berthold Friedrich-Ferdinand Christian-Ludwig Prinz von Hannover Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg Königlicher Prinz von Großbritannien und Irland) born 26 February 1954

Ernst August was born in Hanover, the eldest son of Ernst August, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick and his first wife, Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

As the senior male-line descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, Ernst August is head of the House of Hanover, the surviving junior branch of the medieval House of Welf, which itself is the older branch of the House of Este, a dynasty whose earliest known members lived in Lombardy in the late 9th/early 10th century and which, in its younger branch, ruled Ferrara (1240–1597) and the Duchy of Modena-Reggio (1288–1796) in Italy.

The title of Prince of Great Britain and Ireland was recognised ad personam for Ernst August's father and his father's siblings by King George V of the United Kingdom on 17 June 1914. The hereditary Dukedom of Cumberland and Teviotdale and the Earldom of Armagh, borne in 1917 by his paternal great-grandfather, were suspended under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917. However, the title Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland had been entered into the family's German passports, together with the German titles, in 1914. After the German Revolution of 1918–19, with the abolishment of nobility's privileges, titles officially became parts of the last name. So, curiously, the British prince's title is still part of the family's last name in their German passports, while it is no longer mentioned in their British documents.

On 29 August 1931, Ernst August's grandfather Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, as head of the House of Hanover, declared the formal resumption, for himself and his dynastic descendants, of use of his former British princely title as a secondary title of pretense, which style, "Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland", his grandson Ernst August continues to claim. As heir of the last Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and Earl of Armagh, Ernst August has the right to petition under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 for the restoration of his ancestors' suspended British peerages, but he has not done so. His father, also called Ernst August, did, however, successfully claim British nationality after World War II by virtue of a hitherto overlooked (and since repealed) provision of the Sophia Naturalization Act 1705 (Attorney-General v HRH Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover [1957] 1 All ER 49). However, a problem arose as foreign royal titles can't be entered into a British passport. Therefore, the titles Prince of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg could not be mentioned there, nor could the British titles due to the Titles Deprivation Act of 1917. The name which was finally entered into his father's British documents, was thus Ernest Augustus Guelph, with the addition of His Royal Highness. Guelph is thus also the British last name of Ernst August and accordingly of his siblings and children, all styled Royal Highnesses in the United Kingdom.

Ernst August is also a great-grandson of the last German emperor, Emperor Wilhelm II. His father's sister was Frederica of Hanover, sometime queen consort of the Hellenes, and he is thus a first cousin of both ex-King Constantine II and his sister, Queen Sophia, whose husband Juan Carlos I abdicated his throne in favour of their son, Felipe VI of Spain in 2014. Ernst August's uncle, Prince George William of Hanover, married Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark, a sister of the future royal consort Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, evoking in 1946 the only known case of a British monarch, George VI, withholding requested permission for a kinsman's marriage under the Royal Marriages Act 1772 (on the advice of his Government as a result of World War II's hostilities). It was held by British officials at the time that the marriage and its issue would not be legitimate in the United Kingdom despite being legal in Germany.

By a 24 August 1981 declaration issued by his father as the Head of House, pursuant to Chapter 3, §§ 3 and 5 of the House laws of 1836, Ernst August was authorised to marry dynastically, and did firstly marry, civilly on 28 August 1981 and religiously on 30 August 1981, Chantal Hochuli, the daughter and heiress of a Swiss real estate developer. They had two sons: Prince Ernst August Andreas Philipp Constantin Maximilian Rolf Stephan Ludwig Rudolph (born 19 July 1983) Prince Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm-Ernst Friedrich Franz (born 1 June 1985) Ernst August and Chantal Hochuli divorced on 23 October 1997.

He married secondly, civilly in Monaco on 23 January 1999, Princess Caroline of Monaco, who was at the time expecting the birth of their child: Princess Alexandra Charlotte Ulrike Maryam Virginia (born 20 July 1999)

As he was born in the male line of George II of Great Britain, he sought permission to marry pursuant to the British Royal Marriages Act 1772, which would not be repealed until the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect on 26 March 2015. On 11 January 1999, Queen Elizabeth II issued a Declaration in Council, "My Lords, I do hereby declare My Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August Albert of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Her Serene Highness Princess Caroline Louise Marguerite of Monaco..." Without the Royal Assent, the marriage would have been void in Britain where Ernst August's family owns property and his lawful descendants remain in succession to both the British crown and the two suspended peerages. Similarly the Monégasque court officially notified the government of France of Caroline's marriage to Ernst August, receiving assurance that there was no objection in compliance with the (since defunct) Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1918. Moreover, in order for Caroline to retain her claim to the throne of Monaco and to transmit succession rights to future offspring, the couple were also obliged to obtain the approval of yet a third nation, in the form of official consent to the marriage of Caroline's father, Prince Rainier III as the sovereign of Monaco.

Nonetheless, Caroline was a Roman Catholic and Ernst August the heir male of George III when the couple wed, at which time a provision of the Act of Settlement 1701 stipulated that in the event the British crown is to devolve upon an heir married to "a Papist", that heir is permanently disabled from succeeding to the throne, which would pass instead to the next Protestant in the order of succession who had not been married to a Roman Catholic. The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 repealed that marital restriction (also embodied in the Bill of Rights 1689), with retroactive effect, as of 26 March 2015.

Ernst August's younger brother Prince Ludwig Rudolph of Hanover and his wife, Princess Isabella of Hanover (1962–1988), died tragically. On 28 November 1988, while authorities removed Princess Isabella's body from The Queen's Villa in Gmunden, Austria, a house owned by Ernst August which he had left to his brother and sister-in-law, and investigated the drug strewn scene, Ludwig Rudolph, distraught over his wife's apparently accidental cocaine overdose, placed a call to his brother in London, imploring him to take care of the couple's 10-month-old son. Then he fled. Hours later Ludwig Rudolph was found dead, apparently a victim of suicide, near his family's hunting lodge several miles away, on Lake Traun.Custody of their infant son Otto Heinrich was eventually awarded, contrary to the expressed wishes of Ludwig Rudolph as the surviving parent and Ernst August's legal efforts, to the child's maternal grandparents, Count Ariprand and Countess Maria von Thurn und Valsassina-Como-Vercelli, to be raised at their family seat, Bleiburg Castle in southern Austria.

After their marriage, Ernst August and Caroline moved to Le Mée-sur-Seine, France, where they had purchased an 18th-century manor house from their friend Karl Lagerfeld. Their daughter went to kindergarten and prep-school there, while the family used Caroline's house in Monte Carlo and Ernst August's hunting lodge near Gmunden, Austria, as secondary homes. In September 2009 it was reported in the French and English press that Ernst August has been living separately from his wife Caroline, who had returned to Monaco while he moved to Austria. The manor house in France was subsequently sold, just as had been Hurlingham Lodge in London, after the divorce from his first wife.

He was photographed urinating on the Turkish Pavilion at the Expo 2000 event in Hanover, causing a diplomatic incident and a complaint from the Turkish embassy accusing him of insulting the Turkish people. He successfully sued those who published (Bild-Zeitung) the photograph for invasion of privacy, obtaining an award of 9,900 euros, although the paper had previously published a photo of Ernst August urinating outside a hospital in Austria.

In 2004, he was convicted of aggravated assault and causing grievous bodily harm after supposedly beating a man with a knuckleduster. He has demanded a retrial for the case on the basis of false evidence. His lawyers have publicly stated that he has never owned a knuckleduster in his life nor held one in his hand.

In 2004, Ernst August had signed over his German property to his elder son, including Marienburg Castle, the agricultural estate of Calenberg Castle, the "Princely House" at Herrenhausen Gardens in Hanover and some forests near Blankenburg Castle (Harz) which he had re-purchased in former East Germany after the German reunification of 1990. At the time, Ernst-August’s wealth was estimated as high as $250 million. Since then, the younger Ernst August has taken over many representative tasks on behalf of his father. The latter remained in charge of the Austrian family assets.

In 2013 however, Ernst August was removed from the chairmanship of a family foundation based in Liechtenstein which holds the properties near Gmunden in Austria, the Hanovers' main residence in exile after 1866 when their Kingdom of Hanover was annexed by Prussia. Instead, the younger Ernst August was put in charge, reportedly for negligence on part of his father, at the initiative of the foundation's trustee Prince Michael of Liechtenstein. The foundation manages vast forests, a game park, a hunting lodge, the Queen's Villa and other property. In 2017 Ernst August filed legal action to recover his chairmanship, and he intends to revoke the bestowal of his German property. Due to this dispute over family assets, he also declared his intention to withhold consent for his son's marriage to Ekaterina Malysheva which he did not attend.

On Monday, 3 April 2005, Ernst August was admitted to hospital with acute pancreatitis. The next day, he fell into a deep coma, two days before the death of his father-in-law, Rainier III, Prince of Monaco. On Friday, 8 April 2005, hospital officials reported that he was no longer in a coma but remained in intensive care. A report the same day on BBC World described his condition as "serious but not irreversible." On 9 April 2005, according to a report on BBC, a hospital spokesman reported that Ernst August was receiving "permanent medical care." After his release he was subsequently seen in public with his wife. In an interview he admitted at the time that his health crisis was caused by his hyperactive lifestyle and problems with alcohol

#prince ernst august #princess caroline #1800 #monaco

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feminismisafraud · 8 years

Link

This is too funny:

When the University of Michigan allowed students to designate their preferred pronoun online last September, junior Grant Strobl made national news by declaring that he wanted to be known as “Your Majesty.” But it turns out more than 150 other students also chose outrageous or satirical designations.

The Full List In All Its Golory ...

Supreme Overlord Yeah Boy Your Dudeness Your Grace Your Highness Your Royal Highness Supreme Mugwump The Almighty The Crown Prince The Dude The Exalted King The Exalted One The Honorable Chairman The King The King of the North The Most Honourable The Man The Supreme Chancellor Thine Noble Sir Tr4p Lord The Real One TRUMP V/V’s Velociraptor Seadaddy Secret Agent Semi-Wet Sponge Senior Galactic Viceroy SharkWizard F-5F Tiger II First Lord of the Blade Jedi Knight Khal Kingslayer Shklee, shklim/shkler Sith Lord Steward of Gondor Sudo Root User Suh Supreme Commander SUPREME EMPEROR Supreme Leader Milord Motherf*ckin Mr. Mr. President My Liege My Lord Our Lord Prince of Persia Princess Professor Emeritus Rambo Reverend Doctor Jesus H. Christ, II King King of the Bats Lord Lady Devil LG LCRT2010ST Microwave Oven Lord Lord Commander Machtig Maharaja Mariel Master McWizardbubbles His Holiness His Honor His Imperial Majesty His Lordship His Majesty His Supremacy I Love Rigatoni Her Royal Highness High Chieftain His Awesomeness His Eminence His Excellency His Grace His Highness Harambe Her Dad Her Imperial HIghness Fridge Fruit Roll Up Godfather Grand Consul Grand Master Grand Moff Gri/Grim/Grime/Grimeself Harambe Captain Centaur Chairman Christ Comrade Consiglieri Count of Chocula Daddy Darth Earthbolt The Rotten Dat Boi DeltaH DonkeyKong E Emperor Esteemed Knowledgeable One F-16 Fighter Jet Apache Helicopter Apache Helicopter Apache/Apachis/Apachim Archmage Artist Formerly Known As “He” Attack Helicopter Bae Batman Bo/Bots/Botself Boeing AH-64 Apache Helicopter Brentarino Brother of the Night’s Watch Attack Helicopter Bread Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa Amphibious Warrior Apache Attack Helicopter Apache Helicopter ? . (-b +- sqrt(b^2 – 4ac) ) / 2a 1st Degree Black Belt A Man Has No Name A-10 Thunderbolt II-kin Brother of the Night’s Watch Thee Guitar Hero 2 for the XBOX 360 Harambe AH64

Praise these UMich students. When confronted with SJW idiocy the correct answer isn’t capitulation - it’s mockery LMAO.

#sjw #anti sjw #sjw bullshit #sjw stupidity #pick a pronoun

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instituteofgeorgianhistory · 3 years

Text

NATO and Roman Pattern of Georgia’s Special Status

Tedo Dundua

Much of the Romans’ long hegemony was spent in carrying through the major reform programs which were to set the pattern for most aspects of life in Europe for centuries to come. The Romans had a reputation for integration. Indeed, they installed Roman citizenship over the kings dwelling at the frontiers, especially the Eastern one. They manned the garrisons at the East Black Sea coast and invented special status for the region. The story below is about it.

In 324 Constantine I (306-337) defeated Licinius, his rival. Starting from this very point till the death, he is sole Augustus (senior emperor) with his sons and nephew as Caesars (junior emperors).

In 330 Rome with its strong republican and pagan feelings was substituted by Constantinople as Constantine’s new Christian capital. Western provinces were already thought to be hopeless against the barbaric invasions. Holy Virgin was proclaimed protector of the city. Already a dying man, Constantine was baptized thus securing for himself a label “Great”.

We are focused on the events of 335-337. Constantine is sole Augustus with his sons and nephew (Delmatius) as Caesars, certain lands being ascribed to them. And next nephew, Flavius Hanniballianus, received special title – Rex Regum (king of the kings) et ruler of Pontic people (Ponticarum Gentium) (O. Seek. “Hannibalianus (3)”. Paulys Real-Encyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, siebenter Band. ed. Wilhelm Kroll. Stuttgart. 1912, 2352-2353; A. H. M. Jones, J. R. Martindale, J. Morris. “Hannibalianus 2”. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire. v. I. Cambridge: at the University Press. 1971, p. 407; D. R. Sear. Roman Coins and Their Values. London. 1997, pp. 300-331 №№3934-3935, legend – FL. ANNIBALIANO REGI; J. J. Norwich. A Short History of Byzantium. London. 1998, pp. 16, 20). Caesars were too young to have a real power.

After Constantine’s death such division is still maintained. Soon both, Delmatius and Hanniballianus were killed. But before, Hanniballianus, king of the kings, kept formal power over Pontus.

“Pontus” was a name for large diocese (Pontica) and also, for two provinces within (Helenopontus, Pontus Polemoniacus) (For this diocese v. T. S. Burns. Barbarians within the Gates of Rome. A Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, ca. 375-425 A.D. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 1994, p. 6, administrative map is a bit changed for this period). At least, the latter “belonged” to Hanniballianus together with the coastal strip of Lazica (Western Georgia) – indeed, copper coins could come there (i.e. in Lazica) for military purposes only, as a part of soldiers’ stipendium, and copper issues of the 4th c. in Pitius (Lazica) are especially prominent.

If East Black Sea coast in Pontus Polemoniacus, then Hanniballianus had also his Lazi subjects, still most of the Lazi people being subjugated to their native king living deep in hinterland.

Coin finds in Western Georgia include the issues of almost all members of Constantine’s large family. Those of Hanniballianus are absent. Indeed, they were of small ammount and had both, formal and symbolic meaning.

Obverse: FL. ANNIBALIANO REGI. Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust, right.

Reverse: FELICITAS PVBLICA. The Euphrates reclining left, holding fish and rudder; in exergue, CONS.

Hanniballianus’ future Asian domain was thought to be Persia (that is also why he is titled as king of the kings) beyond Euphrates, personification of which is now depicted on his coin.

https://www.academia.edu/35768659/History_of_Georgia

If in Roman eyes East Black Sea coast was good military foothold, why not to check this pattern again, interesting question for the Alliance.

https://www.eurasiareview.com/22042020-rome-byzantium-and-nato-grand-strategy-of-the-west-and-georgia-analysis/

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todaynewsstories · 6 years

Text

French Interior Minister Gerard Collomb resigns | News | DW

French President Emmanuel Macron accepted the resignation of his interior minister on Tuesday, after initially refusing to less than 24 hours earlier.

Gerard Collomb, one of Macron’s earliest and staunchest backers, had expressed two weeks ago that he intended to step down next year and run for his old job as mayor of the city of Lyon in southeastern France.

But Collomb came under increasing pressure to step down as critics complained that his priorities had already shifted towards the campaign trail, and he made an initial attempt to resign Monday, only to be denied by Macron.

Read more: Emmanuel Macron’s cultural policies

Macron’s office on Monday said the president had vetoed Collomb’s resignation attempt because of “his confidence” in the 71-year-old. But Collomb on Tuesday had said he still intended to quit.

“The French people and the people of Lyon need clarity, so I maintain my offer to resign,” Collomb responded when asked if he would stay on as interior minister after Macron initially turned down his resignation.

“Considering the rumors and the pressure, I don’t want the fact I will be a candidate somewhere tomorrow to affect the way forward for the interior ministry,” he said.

Collomb previously served as Lyon mayor for 16 years until Macron poached him for his Interior Ministry.

Prime Minister Edouard Philippe, who reportedly cancelled a trip to South Africa, will take over Collomb’s responsibilities until a replacement is found.

A soured relationship

Collomb has previously compared his relationship with Macron, 31 years his junior, as being akin to a father and son. He cried during Macron’s inauguration in May 2017.

Their relationship is reported to have taken a turn this summer over a scandal surrounding one of Macron’s former security aides, Alexandre Benalla.

The former bodyguard was filmed roughing up protesters while wearing a police helmet, in a scandal that gained momentum once it was revealed that senior officials knew about the incident.

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During a parliamentary inquiry, Collomb had put the blame on Macron’s office, saying that it was their responsibility to report the incident to prosecutors.

Far-right National Rally leader Marine Le Pen tweeted about the stability of Macron’s government following the acceptance of Collomb’s resignation.

“Gerard Collomb has resigned again. How long is this sketch going to last?” Le Pen wrote.

Collomb’s resignation adds to a series of unfortunate events for Macron, whose approval ratings are at around 34 percent.

It comes after Macron’s popular Environment Minister Nicolas Hulot, a TV star, quit live on air without giving the president warning.

That was followed by another popular member of the cabinet, former Olympic fencing champion Laura Flessel, who resigned as sports minister for “personal reasons.”