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duxbelisarius · 2 years ago

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The Dance of the Dragons: A Military Analysis (Pt. 2)

If the 100+ notes on Part One are any indication, y’all really enjoyed my analysis! Huge thanks to my mutuals @lemonhemlock and @thephantomcasebook for their feedback, and to @sayruq for their interesting theory about the Dance and how it connects to the conclusion of the ASOIAF books! If you haven’t read Pt. 1, the link is here!

I’ve decided to analyze the use of sea power (navies, merchant fleets, etc.) and airpower (dragons) first, allowing me to focus on the ground war without too many digressions. This is also because of the limited effect that sea and airpower had upon the outcome of the Dance; I know that will seem like the hottest of hot takes, but rest assured I will explain myself.

Sea power is defined roughly as those institutions and technologies that allow for power projection via the sea, including warships, merchant vessels, shipyards and ports. When it comes to George’s portrayal of how both factions use of sea power, his MO is to heavily nerf that of the Blacks while pretending the Greens had none whatsoever.

It is true that Rhaenyra’s sea power assets were considerable when the Dance began, comprising the Velaryon Fleet alongside House Celtigar and the Ironborn. Rhaenyra’s forces also had access to the port facilities of Dragonstone, Driftmark, the Iron Islands, Gulltown, White Harbour, Duskendale and eventually King’s Landing. Despite this, Aegon II could rely upon the Royal Fleet itself as well as the naval and mercantile fleets of Lannisport, House Hightower and House Redwyne. The Green Council also absconded with the Royal Treasury upon Viserys death, keeping a quarter in the capital and splitting the rest between the Iron Bank of Braavos, Oldtown and Casterly Rock; this combined with the considerable wealth of the Lannisters and Hightowers would have made it easy to hire Sellsails. The great Westerosi ports of Oldtown, the Arbor and Lannisport were all under Aegon II’s control as was King’s Landing itself, while Otto Hightower’s diplomacy secured an alliance with the Triarchy.

There should have been a degree of parity between the sea power of the Blacks and the Greens; yet Gyldan declares that the Velaryon fleet gave Rhaenyra superiority at sea and suggests that Aegon had only the Royal Fleet. Comparing these forces is difficult owing to George’s inconsistency in providing numbers for the size of the factions armies and navies. In the case of the Velaryon fleet, Alyn Velaryon assembles 60 war galleys, 30 longships and over 100 cogs and great cogs to attack the Stepstones in 133 AC (according to Under the Regents - War, Peace and Cattle Shows). As the Velaryons are said to have lost almost a third of their fleet in the Battle of the Gullet in 130 AC, this would suggest that their fleet numbered more than 250 warships at the start of the Dance. George gives no indication of how many ships were commanded by Dalton Greyjoy at this time, though The World of Ice and Fire states that he was making preparations for war over a year before the Dance began. As the Iron Fleet did not exist at this time, the majority of Dalton’s ships would likely have been Longships. In A Dance With Dragons, these are said to be a third the size of the Iron Fleet’s warships which are themselves smaller than the Dromonds used by the Seven Kingdoms. As Euron Greyjoy’s fleet in the books is currently comprised of 1000 ships (based on this estimation by @madeinmyr), and this is despite the losses in ships and population from the Greyjoy Rebellion a decade prior, 900-1000 ships seems a reasonable number for Dalton’s fleet.

Determining the size of the Greens navies is incredibly difficult due to George giving almost no information on their size; the exception to this being the fleet sent by the Triarchy for the Battle of the Gullet, which consisted of 90 ships. The World of Ice and Fire states that it was the Hightower and Redwyne Fleets that prevented the Andals from invading the Reach by sea, but neither force plays any role in the Dance in what could at best be described as a blatant omission on George’s part. The Redwyne Fleet was part of Aegon’s invasion of the Iron Islands in 2 AC, and contributes 30 warships to Alyn Velaryon’s expedition against Dalton Greyjoy in 133 AC; A Feast For Crows tells us that the Redwyne Fleet has 200 warships and 5 times as many merchantmen as of the War of the Five Kings. Lyonel Hightower contributes 20 warships to Alyn Velaryon’s expedition, but we otherwise have no numbers to go off; 100 warships might be a reasonable number, but this is purely guesswork. Ormund Hightower and Daeron Targaryen also force the submission of the Shield Islands later in the Dance, and these had at least 50 warships at their disposal in A Feast For Crows, though this is far in the future. As for the Westerlands’ fleet, George claimed that House Lannister possessed 20-30 large warships at the time of the main books; the number of 50-60 large warships used by the Game of Thrones d20 role-playing game seems like a better basis to me given the wealth of the Lannisters and the size and importance of Lannisport. A fleet of 100 or so warships of various sizes and types would make sense for the Westerlands during the Dance, though once again this is purely a guess.

As I stated before, George nerfs the effectiveness of Rhaenyra’s sea power while pretending Aegon’s doesn’t exist, and this is borne out by the narrative; Rhaenyra’s effective use of sea power goes no further than the blockade of the Gullet, as Dalton Greyjoy’s attacks on the Westerlands coincide with the destruction of the Lannister army at the so-called ‘Fish Feed,’ after which the Westerlands played no major part in the war. Little can be said about the Ironborn attack on Casterly Rock and Lannisport other than what George tells us, that 75% of the Lannisters ships were captured, the rest were sunk and Lannisport was sacked. Despite the Ironborn having been preparing for war for over a year and failing to respond to the Greens offers of alliance, it seems the Westerlands had no security measures in place, though George uses a lack of screening and basic security in his narrative so the Lannisters are hardly alone.

More can be said about the tactics of the Battle of the Gullet however; prior to this battle, Princes Aegon and Viserys (Rhaenyra and Daemon’s sons) are dispatched to Pentos by ship in order to keep them safe from the war. Their ships the Gay Abandon and it’s seven escorts are waylaid by the Triarchy Fleet, which moves on to attack Driftmark and the Gullet blockade. Pentos is located just north of the Triarchy and the Stepstones, and Daemon’s spies should have had almost a year to uncover Otto Hightower’s alliance with the Triarchy; a wiser choice would be to send the princes to join Joffrey and Rhaena in the Vale or send them to Braavos. The Triarchy attack with the rising sun at their backs and completely surprise the Velaryon Fleet, despite Prince Aegon’s return to Dragonstone via his dragon Stormcloud, which should have served as a warning of the Triarchy’s allegiances. We’re also supposed to believe that there were no dragonriders flying patrols over the waters around Driftmark and Dragonstone, nor were there any patrols by ship that could possibly have detected 90 warships moving in two squadrons. Jace and Corlys were in the middle of planning an attack on King’s Landing, so the astonishing lack of security reflects poorly on them both, while Jacaerys decision to attack the Lyseni ships alone is even more bizarre. The battle ends with High Tide and Spicetown sacked, these symbols of Corlys’ wealth and status as a mariner being left in utter ruin along with a third of his fleet; only 28 Triarchy ships survive with the bulk being lost to dragonfire, although 25 Lyseni ships survived despite being the first ones attacked by Prince Jacaerys and Vermax.

This concludes my thoughts on the use of sea power in the Dance of the Dragons, or rather it’s misuse or lack thereof. George either sidelines the navies of the great houses entirely or situates them largely in the background of the land battles. I’d greatly appreciate feedback on this part, as I’m not quite satisfied with my writing and analysis as compared to Pt. 1; otherwise, thanks for reading, and I hope you continue to follow along!

#house of the dragon #hotd #team green #team black #grrm critical #fire and blood critical #asoiaf critical #asoiaf

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somethingusefulfromflorida · 4 years ago

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It’s no secret that Republicans are anti-intellectual, but it makes you wonder what their end goal is? Why do they keep electing dumber and dumber presidents? Is it just to own the libs? Do they just not care? They’ll get what they want regardless of how smart their presidents are, so why always pick the low hanging fruit?

The only smart Republican of the last 60 years was Bush Sr, and he was a one-term wonder who rode Reagan’s coattails into office.

Nixon was notoriously incompetent as VP, almost beat Kennedy in 1960, threw what should have been a career ending shit fit in 1962 after losing the California governor’s race, but not only came back in 68 and win because Goldwater was so unpopular in 64, but won 72 in the greatest landslide in history up to that point. Corrupt to the bone, he resigned before he could be impeached for hiring burglars to steal dirt on a political opponent, covering it up, and lying about it.

Ford was appointed VP to replace scandal stricken Spiro Agnew, specifically chosen because he was known as an honest politician. His reputation evaporated the second he became president because his first act was to pardon the guiltiest man in the country; he lost handily in 76.

Reagan was an actor who wanted to play politician so he could hurt the people he didn’t like; blacks people, poor people, gay people, women. It was a power trip for him, and because he was good at reading cue cards and delivering jokes written by other people, everyone let him get away with murder. He committed treason by selling weapons to Iran; this isn’t hyperbole, the actual definition of treason includes giving aid to out enemies, and after the oil and hostage crises of the 70s, Iran was an enemy first and foremost. Oliver North took the blame and had his secretary shred the evidence, the President Bush pardoned everyone involved. Reagan won in an even bigger landslide than 72 in 84, and Bush won in a major upset against Dukakis in 88.

Bush lost in 92 in no small part because of Ross Perot splitting the ticket; no third party candidate has ever done better nationwide than Perot in 92, with 19% of the vote (though he didn’t win a single state, which some minor candidates have done). Clinton won with 43% of the popular vote. Forty-three percent! 57% of people voted against him, and he won. 92 was a farce, as was 96 with less than 50% voter turnout, the lowest in modern history. Perot ran again and got 8.4% of the vote, Republican Bob Dole only got 40.7%, and Clinton got 49.2%. This means that less than a quarter of eligible voters voted for Bill Clinton, and he still won. FARCE!

Al Gore rightfully won in 2000, but the conservative majority Supreme Court stole it from him. Florida was too close to call; whichever candidate won it would become president. George W. Bush’s brother Jeb was governor, and he ordered the federally mandated recount be stopped, breaking the law. The Supreme Court decided not to restart the recount for no discernible reason besides they wanted Bush to win. He was notoriously dumb, stereotypically dumb, so dumb a lot of people thought it was an act and voted for him because they thought he was a secret genius who was just pretending to be a cowboy running for president off his daddy’s legacy. He was the stupidest president we had ever had up to that point, and hired a lot of smart people to do horrible things so he could claim plausible deniability. That Obama didn’t send Dick Cheney to the Hague was a deafening silence. Bush only won re-election in 2004 because he started a war in Iraq in 2003 and the country didn’t want to change horses midstream; same exact tactic his daddy used, only this war lasted longer than the Gulf and “worked” as planned.

2008 was a ceremonial race; McCain didn’t stand a chance. He was not incompetent, but his running mate was. Sarah Palin was even dumber than Bush, and like Gingrich in the 90s was responsible for a conservative revolution we’re still feeling today. Barack Obama wasn’t an amazing president, but he was an AMAZING candidate. Everybody loved Obama in 2008, he won more votes than any candidate in history until 2020. McCain was a career moderate, and after the last 8 years of failure both parties were running on a platform of “I am not George W. Bush.” Turns out a young charismatic smart black man is less like Bush than another old white guy.

Obama lost a ton of momentum going into 2012 because he didn’t really DO anything his first term. His only major accomplishment was the Affordable Care Act, which was an act of the Democratic congress than anything else, and it still wasn’t nearly as progressive as it needed to be (the US is still the only developed nation without universal healthcare). Romney, a Republican governor from the Democratic stronghold of Massachusetts, could have beaten him were he not a classist piece of shit. Romney hated poor people more than Reagan, and once wore brown face to a campaign event to make himself look more like Obama (they didn’t paint his hands or neck, just his face). Obama made a lot of promises he didn’t keep, in no small part because of the Tea Party and the devastating losses in 2014 (we suffer under Mitch McConnell because of that).

2016 was a dumpster fire that shouldn’t have happened, and if either party had run a different candidate, it wouldn’t have. Sanders would have beaten Trump, Clinton would have beaten Cruz. It was a perfect storm of a very unpopular and insincere grandma running against a cartoon supervillain. You couldn’t repeat that with what we know now. Your vote in 2016 came to represent who you were as a person; people took it to the extremes, and the sunk cost fallacy made the entire Republican party shift so far rightward that we have actual concentration camps now and NOBODY GIVES A SHIT! Trump was a game show host, a used car salesman famous for being tacky and dumb and offensive. He was KNOWN for running his companies into the ground, that was his MO, he made a career out of bankruptcy, and Republicans still can’t believe that he drove us into the worst economic depression since the last Republican (history repeat itself, whoop-dee-doo). Biden won in 2020 because of record turnout, though 2020 was closer to the intentional walk of 2012 than the home run of 2008 in terms of enthusiasm for the candidates.

If we’ve learned anything its that Republicans just keep getting worse and worse, so it’s getting hard for me to imagine what 2024 has in store. Will Trump risk losing the popular vote 3 times in a row for a second term? i think he’ll pretend to so he can scam millions of dollars out of his base, but he’ll either lost the primaries and tank the Republicans by running third-party, or he’ll drop out and endorse one of his spawn. If Biden decides not to run in 2024, the nomination will almost certainly go to Kamala Harris, at which point I expect the Republicans to run a woman as well, so that we’re guaranteed the first woman president; she’ll be young, and white, and blonde. My money’s on Ivanka. Kamala vs. Ivanka will be a repeat of the 2016 dumpster fire, only worse because then everyone would be acting like both candidates are feminist icons, #GirlPower #SheRunsTheWorld #WarCrimesAreBetterWithTwoXChromosomes If Biden DOES run again, then I suspect the Republican pool will be wide early on (Prick Scott, Ron DeathSantis, Uncle Tom Cotton, Nikkki Haley, you name it), only to shrink before the primaries as they all coordinate to get behind someone strong enough to defeat an incumbent.

Republicans are very good at coordinating; they are the party of “Follow the Leader.” Whoever is in charge has 100% authority, no ifs, ands, or buts, no questions asked, just follow orders. It would be easy to call them lemmings, but it’s more insidious than this. They run dumb candidates for president, but have very smart people working behind the scenes to do horrible things. They’re willing to follow orders blindly to ensure that the party prospers, whereas Democrats are chicken running around with their heads cut off. There are no Democratic leaders. Pelosi? Schumer? Nobody likes those dinosaurs! The only really popular Democrats are progressives, and they will never have power as long as the moderates have a majority of the caucus. AOC could be a senator someday; she could replace Schumer whenever he retires, but that would hinge on her not having any moderate primary challengers. Moderates are still very popular because they are seen as “electable,” even though they never DO anything once elected. Progressives have big ideas and the concrete plans to get them done, but the moderate establishment is afraid of losing power, and would rather placate the other side doing nothing, changing nothing, making no waves. The party needs to shift leftward, or the country is doomed.

I would suggest the progressives splitting off to form a third party, but that would almost certainly destroy left-wing politics in this country as every safe seat would become split. In an ideal world, it would be a nominal change; they would be the Progressive Democratic Party, they would continue to run in blue districts and caucus with Democrats on votes, but would advertise themselves as anti-establishment. They would be like the New Democrats in Canada, which now that I think about it is a very bad idea because the New Democrats have no power and end up giving more votes to the Liberals and Conservatives instead. The Progressive solution is intended to show the caucus that the moderates don’t have total control, but it would end up with the moderate Democrats shooting themselves in the foot, running against Progressives in every seat, handing them to the Republicans. Every election cycle people act like a loss would spell “the end of the _____ party,” but this would actually be it for the Democrats. It would be a turning point, like the 1960s, with millions of people changing parties out of principle, a major shift. A Red Scare

I just want to crawl in a hole and die. I hate politics.

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urban-l0vers · 5 years ago

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Black Women are the Blueprint: A Rundown of Iconic Women who've Impacted the Fashion Scene

The fashion industry emerged in America in the 19th century, and since then it has evolved into one of the wealthiest, and most lucrative industries in the world. This however, could not have been accomplished without the involvement of black people, especially black women.

Dating back to centuries ago, black women utilized fashion as a way to express themselves during a time where racial discrimination and prejudice was at an all time high. Their contribution to fashion trends were always neglected because there weren’t people who looked like them included in the scene. It was only until their eclectic, and unique style made waves in their own communities was it seen as inventive and ultimately accepted by mainstream media.

We see it time and time again even today. Black women are excluded in these spaces, and conversations yet their innovative style acts as the blueprint for the fashion and beauty industries. It was time we refresh your memory. We are going to take a look at iconic Black women in the arts who’ve shifted the fashion culture in astounding ways.

Diana Ross

Diana Ross became a household name in music as the lead singer of the award winning singing group, The Supremes during the 60s. Aside from being a musical powerhouse, she became a force to be reckoned with in the fashion world with her predilection for luxurious and extravagant garments. Ross performed all across the world in exquisite gowns with classy slits and sleek bobs. As she rose to pop stardom, she became known for her big hair, and spider-like lashes; her over the top approach to beauty and fashion made her the standout fashion icon of her day. Diana’s signature looks singlehandedly transformed the fashion dynamic as her diva-esque and decadent aura left a lasting impact on the industry.

Lil Kim

Kimberly Jones, better known as Lil Kim broke barriers when she hit the male dominated hip hop scene. Born in Brooklyn, Lil Kim’s hardcore New York sound reshaped the rap industry and her unique style was no different. Lil Kim quickly became a fashion pioneer as her lively and sultry style took over the mid 90s and early 2000s. She was such a game changer in the fashion world that high end designers like Karl Lagerfeld and Betsy Johnson created collections after her. Lil Kim’s iconic looks are still remembered and recreated to this day, and she has solidified her spot as one of the most respected woman in hip hop, pop culture, and fashion.

Aaliyah

This rundown would have not been accurate without mentioning the queen, Aaliyah. Aaliyah’s style can be described as sultry tomboy. The late R&B superstar seamlessly found a balance between femininity and androgyny, and quickly created a legacy in the R&B and fashion era of the 90s. The singer’s signature looks included baggy jeans, oversized moto jackets, bralettes, and leather which dominated 90s fashion and pop culture. Aaliyah had a way of dabbling between two completely different styles, and managed to create a “baby girl” aesthetic still influencing the fashion girls today.

June Ambrose

June Ambrose undoubtedly transformed the fashion world as one of the first stylist to merge the gap between high fashion and urban wear. Ms.Ambrose is the mastermind behind the looks of many of your favorite music videos in the 90s and 2000s. Her outstanding impact on fashion speaks for itself as her high profile clientele includes Jay Z, Mariah Carey, Diddy, Missy Elliot, Will Smith, and many more. She styled Missy Elliot’s futuristic look for her groundbreaking music video, “The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)”, as well as Sean Combs red suit in “Mo Money Mo Problems.” Aside from her work as a stylist, June became a self-made entrepreneur when she started her own styling company in 94, and debuted her own shoe company in 2013. The multi dimensional boss lady has created trend setting styles that revolutionized hip hop and fashion culture.

Alexis Phifer

You may have seen Alexis Phifer on the arm of rap star Kanye West in the mid 2000s, but Phifer established herself as more than just Kanye’s fiance as she made serious waves as a fashion designer and stylist. She created the women’s fashion line Ghita which incorporated bold, colorful pieces suited for women who wanted to make a statement. Not only was she an innovative fashion designer, but she became a fashion influencer before “fashion influencers” became a thing. Her and Kanye were an unstoppable duo in the world of fashion, as their amazing styles worked so well together and they quickly became everyone’s fashion favorite celebrity couple.

Kelis

Music star Kelis cemented her role as a trendsetter and fashion connoisseur. When Kelis came into the scene her out of this world style confused many as no one understood her look at the time. Her playful approach to fashion gave her an edge, and the Harlem born fashionista created a lane of her own. She caught the attention of many including Pharrell, and he admitted that her unique outlook on fashion played a huge role in his style. From the crazy hair colors, to platinum blonde brows, Kelis was truly ahead of her time. Her mark on fashion is clear as her unique statement looks have made a comeback in fashion trends today.

Vashtie Kola

Vashtie became one of the first innovators to brand herself on social media as a fashion influencer. Emerging from New York, the fashion creative created a name for herself in the fashion realm when she began to document her tomboy, city girl style. She made history as the first woman to design her very own Jordan sneaker, which opened doors for many women seeking to build a platform in the sneaker community. Va$htie’s tomboy and sneaker girl aesthetic is now one of the top trends dominating fashion and social media today.

Rihanna

Aside from being a pop sensation, Rihanna has definitely become a household name in the world of fashion and pop culture. Anything attached to Rihanna’s name becomes sought after by many. Her out of the box style made Rihanna one of this generation’s favorite trendsetters; whatever she wears she is able to make a look and that is a talent not many have. More recently though, Rihanna has reinvented her image as not only a musical star but a businesswomen. Ms.Fenty established her own beauty line called Fenty, collaborated with Puma, created her own lingerie line Savage x Fenty, and founded her very own lux fashion line, Fenty. Rihanna is the first black woman to head a luxury brand for LVMH. Robyn has proved herself to be a woman of many facets, and she has undoubtedly made her mark in fashion today.

Hope you all enjoyed this recap of some amazing black women at the forefront of fashion and pop culture. Their contributions to fashion trends and the fashion community does not go unnoticed, and it was time to shed some light on a few ladies who shifted the dynamic of fashion in some way.

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vpndeals-blog · 5 years ago

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daresplaining · 6 years ago

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Hello! I've seen you guys mention Mr Fear a few times and his power and dynamic with Matt sounds fascinating. Could you elaborate on it when you get a mo? From what I know I'd love to see a version of him in S4

Ooh, yes, of course! There have been several versions of Mr. Fear, and they’ve all been nasty. (And yes, it would have been nice to get one of them in the show. I was really rooting for that.) I mostly know Mr. Fear in the context of Daredevil, which is where he/they originated, so that’s what I’ll be focusing on here, though I know at least one of them has appeared elsewhere as well. I appreciate the various Mr. Fears not just because they are terrifying antagonists, but also because of the sheer variety with which the basic premise– artificially inducing fear– has been depicted over the years. This has kept the identity fresh, and has helped them become more than just cheap knock-offs of DC’s Scarecrow.

If you just want reading recommendations, below are all of the issues I will be covering in this post. They encompass the full range of Mr. Fear’s history in Daredevil, from 60s wackiness to 2000s noir, and I think they’re all worth reading if you’re looking for the full Mr. Fear experience.

Daredevil volume 1 #6

Daredevil volume 1 #54-55

Daredevil volume 1 #90-91

Marvel Team-Up volume 1 #92 (not digitized)

Daredevil volume 1 #222

Daredevil volume 1 #314-315 (not digitized)

Fear Itself: The Home Front #5, “A Moment with… Mr. Fear”

Daredevil volume 1 #363-367 and 371-375

Daredevil volume 2 #95-106

If you want plot summaries and character commentary, read on:

The first Mr. Fear was introduced way back in Daredevil #6, as the leader of the Fellowship of Fear (a trio that also consisted of the Ox and the Eel). This first version had the fantastically supervillain-y name of Zolton Drago, and an appropriately wacky origin story: He is a humble sculptor, dismayed by the failure of his wax museum, who makes an astonishing discovery while mixing up chemical concoctions intended to bring his wax statues to life.

Drago: “I did discover something after all! Something I never expected! I’ve found a way to fill any foe with indescribable fear!!”

Caption: “For long weeks, the strange, haunted man worked, refining his discovery, learning all he could about the chemicals involved…”

Drago: “Perfect! Now I know that I can make all the “Fear Gas” I need! With such a discovery, I could become the most successful criminal who ever lived! […] I’ve modified an ordinary pistol to fire my new “Fear Pellets”! And now, for psychological purposes, I’ll create a costume… the perfect disguise for one who shall henceforth be known as… Mr. Fear!!”

Daredevil vol. 1 #6 by Stan Lee, Wally Wood, and Sam Rosen

There’s a certain goofiness in most Silver Age villains– Daredevil’s, in particular– but I find Wally Wood’s depiction of Mr. Fear’s skull-and-cape look to be genuinely creepy, and his Fear Gas is no joke. When hit with it during his first encounter with the Fellowship of Fear, Matt is rendered helpless with terror, and barely escapes with his life.

Matt: “Fumes! He fired a gas pellet at me! But, it isn’t tear gas! Nor is it poisonous! What can it be?”

Caption: “Suddenly, the sightless adventurer turns making a frantic effort to flee!”

Matt: “Both of them… about to attack me! No! Stay back! An air current! …Directly above me! That means an opening! It’s my one chance! If I can swing over in time! […] I just made it!”

Matt manages to defeat Mr. Fear at the end of the issue by, uh… positioning himself in front of a fan (seriously). But this is only the beginning.

Mr. Fear returns in Roy Thomas’s run, in Daredevil #54-55. This story starts with Matt faking his death to escape the consequences of a supervillain named Starr Saxon discovering his secret identity. His plan is to continue on as Daredevil and invent a new civilian persona for himself. But no sooner has he put this plan into action than Mr. Fear– who has recently been freed from prison– baits him on live television. Mr. Fear claims he can prove, without using his Fear Pellets, that Daredevil is a coward. And… he does!

Mr. Fear: “I neglected to mention my new power– to fill you with frenzied fear– with a mere gesture!”

Matt: “Tell me another one, friend! Now to– No– NO! That tingling I feel– that sudden sinking sensation! Drago was right! Suddenly, I feel– deathly afraid! Getting dizzy– just realizing how high we are–! And now– I’m falling! Nnooo!”

Daredevil vol. 1 #54 by Roy Thomas and Gene Colan

There are several stories during this period that focus on Daredevil’s reputation being tarnished, and this is one of them. The adoring public, who was watching the fight, now think Daredevil is a wuss, and Matt fears they might be right. It’s all a bit humorously melodramatic, but what matters is that Mr. Fear seems to have become an even more serious threat, since Matt is struck by that same fear the next time he goes out as DD, when Mr. Fear isn’t even around. In the end, after a quick call (courtesy of Foggy) to the prison where Drago was being held, Matt discovers the truth: Zolton Drago is dead and the new Mr. Fear is actually Starr Saxon himself, who stole Drago’s costume and equipment after murdering him. Matt confronts him with this revelation, after which Saxon accidentally falls to his death.

Matt: “Funny how Saxon died lunging for my billy club– the very weapon he’d been using to make me turn coward when we fought! Once Foggy called the warden, it was as simple as ABC! When Saxon briefly possessed Matt’s cane he rigged the club with these specially-timed Fear-Gas pellets… which his flying disk triggered during our first battle! It was his warped revenge on me… for ‘killing’ Matt Murdock to escape his blackmail threats! And, with that erudite explanation, I rest my case! DD, it’s been a looonng day!”

Daredevil vol. 1 #55 by Roy Thomas and Gene Colan

(Just for the record, Matt should have known it was Saxon from the beginning, because he would have recognized his voice/scent.)

Logic suggests this would be the end of Mr. Fear… but no! Matt and Natasha encounter him in San Francisco, in Daredevil #90-91…

Caption: “His arm jerks out– fingers brush– and then, the Widow tumbles away, her ebon-suited body twisting– her hands flailing, legs spinning–”

Matt: “TASHA! She froze up– couldn’t make the extra effort needed to complete the swing! Something about her heartbeat– rushing, panicky! She’s terrified! I’ve got to chance it– push away from the flagpole, try to grab her before it’s– too late!”

Daredevil vol. 1 #90 by Gerry Conway and Gene Colan

If the previous story was mostly melodrama, this one is viscerally frightening. Our heroes are struck, without warning, with bouts of overwhelming terror– a dangerous affliction for people who lead such risk-filled lives. With Mr. Fear seemingly long dead and no obvious source for these attacks, Matt and Natasha are helpless to prevent them.

Caption: “This is how it begins: as suddenly as a rifle shot, a surge of inexplicable fear courses through Matt’s arced body– and with that fear, all thoughts of contacting a friend on the staff of the Daily Chronicle seem to dissolve into darkness– abruptly buried under a grim sensation of choking– A sensation that builds as he spins helplessly at the end of his billy club wire! Trying desperately to regain control, Matt finds himself unable to think– and becomes increasingly aware of the terror clutching at his heart– a fright unlike any he’s ever felt before– a fear without cause– a horror without reason!”

Daredevil vol. 1 #90 by Gerry Conway and Gene Colan

Natasha is convinced the attacks are tied to a mission from her past, engineered by one of her former espionage allies. But in a surprise twist, the real culprit is a man named Larry Cranston– one of Matt’s fellow law school alumni, and one of his new law partners since moving to San Francisco. It turns out that Star Saxon was not the only person to benefit from the original Mr. Fear’s death, and with his jet pack, Cranston has been attacking Matt and Natasha from a distance.

Cranston: “I heard a sound from the room across the hall– voices arguing. A door was open– I looked in, and saw a man called Starr Saxon shoot another man– Zolton Drago, the original Mr. Fear. Drago lived long enough to tell me where he’d hidden his costume and equipment– he thought it would buy his life– Unfortunately, it wasn’t mine to give. He died as I held him.”

Matt: “But why did you do all this, Larry? And how did you know–”

Cranston: “When Matt Murdock moved to San Francisco with Madame Natasha– and Daredevil with the Black Widow– it wasn’t hard. And– I’ve always despised you, Murdock. In school, it was always– Murdock this, Murdock that– and I tell you, I’d had ENOUGH!”

Daredevil vol. 1 #91 by Gerry Conway and Gene Colan

Cranston isn’t the only person to notice the coincidence of Matt and DD both moving to California with Natasha– it’s actually amazing more people don’t figure out his secret identity because of this– but it is significant that he knows, since his motivations are so personal. His irrationally intense hatred of Matt, and their shared history, makes him a particularly eerie figure among the ranks of DD’s villains, and it will come back in his most horrifying appearance, in Ed Brubaker’s run (which I’ll be covering later). While he appears to fall to his death at the end of this issue (that sort of thing happened a lot in early Daredevil…), he isn’t gone yet.

Marvel Team-Up #92 introduces the next guy to inherit the Mr. Fear identity– Alan Fagan, Larry Cranston’s nephew. Like his predecessors, he attempts to find new, more insidious uses for the Fear Gas…

Alan: “Ha! I can’t wait to see the faces of those buffoons who said Alan Fagan would never amount to anything… They dared to laugh at me… because I kept getting thrown out of schools… wasted my father’s fortune… Well, I don’t need his money now– or their fancy schools! I’ve got something better than that now! They won’t laugh at me anymore– because I’ll make them deadly afraid of me… and I owe it all to you, Uncle Larry! You despised me– but your money and your Mr. Fear costume still fell into my hands after you died! I have the imagination to use the identity in ways neither you nor the original Mr. Fear ever dreamed of! My genius requires a large-scale reign of terror– and this radioactive isotope I stole tonight will bring it about!”

Marvel Team-Up vol. 1 #92 by Steven Grant, Carmine Infantino, and Carl Gafford

(Larry is around Matt’s age. Don’t ask me why his nephew looks so old.)

Alan is a little too cartoony in this issue to seem like a serious threat, but he is still dangerous.

Peter: “H-how… did you d-do this to m-me?”

Alan: “My Fear Potion, insect– injected through this ring when I hit you! I usually administer it as a gas, in dilute form– but a man of your power required a full-strength dose! You are mine, Spider-Man, body and soul– and we are going to conduct a little experiment! I am curious as to just how many injections of pure Fear Potion you can receive… before you die– of fear!”

Fortunately, Spider-Man and Hawkeye are able to take him out and send him to prison, but even that is not the end…

Daredevil volume 1#222, one of my favorite issues in Denny O’Neil’s run, opens with this chilling scene, during Glorianna O’Breen’s return flight from Ireland to the U.S.:

Caption: “This is Aer Lingus flight number 2241, originating at Dublin and bound for Kennedy. It will never arrive.”

Hijacker: “Stewardess– tell the pilot to put this crate down at the Tinkerville airport.”

Glori: “A man… with a wee plastic gun– the kind that the detectors don’t detect. A man of violence… bloodshed… the things I’ve seen so much of at home. Is there no escapin’ them, then? No!”

Caption: “Sudden, shattering the near-silence of the cabin– the shot sends a bullet into an unexpected target…”

Hijacker: “Aiiieeeee!”

Glori: “Funny odor… gas… Noooooo”

Pilot: “[…] You guys smell something?”

Daredevil vol. 1 #222 by Denny O’Neil, David Mazzucchelli, and Ken Feduniewicz

Matt, Foggy, and Becky receive news that Glori’s plane has crashed in a New Jersey swamp, and Matt and Foggy rush to the scene, fearing the worst.

Cop: “…Sorry I can’t tell you more, Mr. Murdock. But your friend Ms. O’Breen isn’t here.”

Matt: “Are you absolutely sure, Officer?”

Cop: “’Fraid so, sir. There were only fifty passengers on the plane– and we’ve accounted for everyone except Ms. O’Breen and two others– a Dr. Sadd and a local man named Julius Mudd. What I figure happened is, they were… well, their bodies were thrown clear. We’ll find ‘em when the rain stops.”

Matt (Caption): “Bodies… death– Another woman dead? Like Elektra? Like Heather? Another of my women dead?”

Refusing to believe that Glori was killed in the crash, Matt changes into his DD suit and sets out into the swamp to find her. Partway into his hunt, he runs into Natasha, who is searching for one of the other missing passengers– Dr. Ephesus Sadd, who acquired and subsequently improved a sample of the Fear Gas for use in chemical warfare. One of the great strengths of this story is the fact that the antagonist remains off-panel for significant chunks of the issue. Matt himself is not under attack, and so we, just like him, are left fearing for Glori’s safety as he and Natasha race to her rescue.

Meanwhile, Glori and Dr. Sadd are living through a nightmare. They have been kidnapped by the hijacker and his associates. It turns out that he was hired to assassinate Sadd and now– having seen his worth, but unaware of why he’s so valuable– he’s decided to hold him ransom instead. As the hijacker attempts to give Glori to his brother as a wife, Sadd decides to use his secret cargo to escape.

Dr. Sadd: “Before the ceremony begins, I would like to deliver a… a sermon! Yes, a sermon. Always at weddings there is sermonizing. My topic will be fear. It is a subject dear to me– a subject I have studied… a subject I cherish like a child. I have seen fear drive men to splendid achievements and crush them like insects… It is the force which lifted mankind from the primeval ooze and which keeps us from being as angels–”

Hijacker: “Git on with the wedding.”

Dr. Sadd: “Yes, the wedding. I have brought a gift–!”

Glori: “No! Don’t do it!”

When Matt and Natasha arrive, they encounter a horrific scene: Glori and her kidnappers, driven into a violent frenzy by fear.

Matt: “–Glorianna! Glori… are you all right?”

Glori: “No… no… no no NONONONO”

Matt: “[…] I was expecting to find people whimpering in terror… which is what the original Mr. Fear’s gas caused.”

Natasha: “Obviously, Dr. Sadd changed the formula. Glorianna and the others are reacting like cornered rats.”

The creepy conclusion of the issue is two-fold: It reveals a second version of the Fear Gas– one that drives people to lash out in fear, rather than being subdued by it. And it ends with Dr. Sadd dying of fear, despite the revelation that his canister of Fear Gas was empty– thus showing just how powerful terror, as a mere concept, can be. This is an issue in which Mr. Fear isn’t even present but is nevertheless still profoundly dangerous, and that sums up why he is such a good antagonist. Way back in Daredevil #6, Stan Lee commented that Mr. Fear shared certain similarities with the Purple Man, who had just been introduced two issues before, but these later stories are where those similarities really start to appear. Mr. Fear and the Purple Man are effective villains for similar reasons: they are both immensely powerful, manipulate basic facets of human nature, and can strike from a distance (or without even being directly involved at all!) with unpredictable and deadly consequences.

If this wasn’t creepy enough, Chichester goes full-on macabre with his Mr. Fear-centered story in Daredevil volume 1 #314-315 (not digitized yet– come on, Marvel!), in which he introduces another variation on Mr. Fear. This version is Alan Fagan’s daughter, Ariel, who uses the code name Shock, and who is both tragic and terrifying. While I’m generally not a fan of Scott McDaniel’s art style, it works to great effect here to depict the twisted gruesomeness of Shock’s physical appearance.

Matt: “All I have to go by is the sudden shift in the crude patterns my radar blocks out for me– only a hint as to the radical transformation that has seemingly occurred. Perceptions become clouded in the sudden wave of warm gases that wrap around me, raising the hairs on the backs of my arms. I’m still trying to make sense out of the sensations, trying to form a mental picture of what I’m dealing with, when the gases turn suddenly cold– and unease becomes an uncontrollable rage. Intellect knows better, but emotion overrides. Guttural sounds crawl up out of both our throats as we throw ourselves together– a railing grapple empty of technique and filled with a purpose no higher than to tear each other apart. In my head, I know we’re stories above the hard city streets. In my heart, I just want her dead before we hit.”

Daredevil vol. 1 #314 by D.G. Chichester, Scott McDaniel, and Christie Scheele

I think I’ve said it before, but I can’t say it enough– I love Chichester’s writing. What a way to end an issue!

Shock is yet another reinvention of the concept of Mr. Fear; her powers come from her body itself. She arranges for her father to be attacked in prison. His attackers cut the skin off his face(!), which Shock then uses to brew a concoction that when ingested, causes her to undergo a grotesque physical transformation and gives her the ability to literally exhale Fear Gas. (The idea is that her father’s skin absorbed traces of the gas, which could then be distilled). She uses these powers to cause mass hysteria by making people hallucinate things that anger and disgust them. Those in her sway turn primal and bloodthirsty. Matt’s battles with her turn into attempts to keep crowds of random civilians from killing each other.

Shock is also more sympathetic than any of the other Fear-styled characters. We learn that her father was neglectful, and she has been left alone to care for her ill mother. Her decision to take over her father’s identity comes from a desire to both overshadow his legacy, and to make money to pay for her mother’s treatments.

Shock: “That’s better. That’s steady… Oh, I worry so, Mommy! I’ve always worried! […] Keep going, that’s it, you’re doing fine…”

Daredevil vol. 1 #315 by D.G. Chichester, Scott McDaniel, and Christie Scheele

Matt subdues Shock by taking her by surprise, and tries to ensure that both she and her mother receive the help they need. He hopes this is the end of his Mr. Fear problem at last, but he is wrong. Sadly, Shock doesn’t appear again (I really like her), but her father recovers from his face-stripping and much later resumes the Mr. Fear identity– notably, just in time to provide this funny interlude during Marvel’s “Fear Itself” event:

Alan: “This is just terribly, terribly wrong. I mean, really– I’m Mr. Fear… but it’s not me making everybody queasy. Used to be I’d be the one dragging everybody’s deepest fears out of their closets, for all the world to see. Now the bar’s been raised– or is it lowered? Whatever. With everybody running around in a state of anxiety, nobody gives a damn about a guy named Mr. Fear. Yesterday, some loser stops me in front of Penn Station, gets in my face… yells, ‘Hey– Doctor Doom!’ Doctor Doom, for god’s sake. I mean, really– can you believe this?”

Fear Itself: The Home Front #5, “A Moment with… Mr. Fear” by Howard Chaykin and Edgar Delgado

In an overarching plot that starts toward the end of Karl Kesel’s run and extends all the way through Joe Kelly’s, Larry Cranston returns, miraculously alive and working as a law professor at Columbia University. (If anyone has started to get their Mr. Fears mixed up, Cranston is the one who attended law school with Matt and knows his secret identity.) He is more dangerous than ever, and works from the shadows to avoid detection. Armed with an extra potent version of the Fear Gas, Cranston enslaves people to do his bidding, sending his agents into Matt’s life to create chaos by infecting others with the gas. These victims are helpless to fight back, and Cranston seems to be able to engineer how they react. When convenient, they lash out with violence, becoming dangerous to everyone around them– while others are rendered obedient and docile by fear.

Matt: “Vinnie’s heartbeat is erratic, and his sweat carries a trace of ammonia… His body is rejecting something through the skin… the remnants of Fear Gas… Have to get through to him somehow…”

Matt: “…Vinnie, I’m here to help you. Vinnie… your wife and daughter miss you.”

Vinnie: “M-my wife? I– I don’t have a family. I can’t have a family… I don’t deserve one… *Gasp* Oh god. A-all I have… m-means nothing… nothing but the truth… yes… yes… I’ll be good…”

Matt: “(His voice… so distant… almost as if he’s not speaking to me… His pulse just sped up… shallow breathing… Could he be hallucinating?) They miss you, Vinnie. They want you to come home.”

Vinnie: “[…] Fear controls everything. Knows everything. Hears everything. Fear is God. I serve him… forever…”

Daredevil vol. 1 #366 by Joe Kelly, Gene Colan, and Christie Scheele

As Matt continues, barely, to fight back, Cranston increases his efforts to tear him down, concluding with sending a serial killer cop into his life and then framing Karen Page for his (the cop’s) murder. Karen is put on trial, and Cranston gleefully sabotages the proceedings from behind the scenes. Besieged on both sides of his life by someone who seems like an all-powerful force, Matt nearly gives in to despair.

Cranston: “How hang the scales of justice, Counselor? The blind lady treats her consort well, I pray.”

Matt: “(Kill him. No. Make him talk.) Why? Why Karen? Why us?”

Cranston: “Come now, Murdock… what good is a nom de guerre if I don’t back it up from time to time… I want you to lose your faith in everything. Your woman. Yourself. The system of justice you so carelessly flaunt when it suits you… because once you strip a man of his faith… all that’s left is fear. That… and an ex-junkie whore girlfriend in jail. Oh, I’m sorry… did that last part slip out?”

Daredevil vol. 1 #375 by Joe Kelly, Chris Claremont, Ariel Olivetti, Christie Scheele, et al.

Even when Matt finally manages to track down evidence against Cranston that he can use to prove his guilt and Karen’s innocence, he still nearly loses, because Cranston has a member of the jury under his sway. This juror nearly succeeds in releasing Fear Gas to impact the verdict, when he is stopped by– of all people– the Kingpin.

Matt: “What do you want, Fisk?”

Fisk: “Tut tut… such venom… towards a friend helping a friend. A present. The ghoul used hypnosis so you couldn’t smell the gas. Clever… but he should have chosen a juror with a stronger heart. He’ll live, don’t worry. Just with a pacemaker.”

Matt: “You– why? Why?”

Fisk: “Simple. Someone was playing in my sandbox… and no one gets to break you but me. Congratulations, Counselor. You won your woman’s freedom. With a little help from a friend. I trust you will remember the favor… when I return.”

Daredevil vol. 1 #375 by Joe Kelly, Chris Claremont, Ariel Olivetti, Christie Scheele, et al.

(D’aww…)

It’s a shaky victory, but it lasts all the way until the end of volume 2– when Ed Brubaker gives us the most upsetting Mr. Fear story to date in #95-106.

The setup for this story is similar to that of its predecessor: Matt’s life starts falling into chaos for reasons that aren’t initially clear. His law partner, Becky Blake, is urged by an old friend to help Melvin Potter (the Gladiator), who is accused of killing people while in prison. Matt and Foggy agree to help, since they have a long-standing relationship with Melvin and suspect foul play. But then, Melvin is sprung from prison and goes on a rampage, before nearly killing Milla Donovan (Matt’s wife) and then trying to commit suicide. This coincides with an increase in violent crimes throughout Hell’s Kitchen. Becky’s friend kills himself under mysterious circumstances. Matt knows someone has engineered all of this, but has no idea who.

Cranston: “Hello, Matt… I thought it was time I said hi. You can hear me… right?”

Matt: “What? Who is this?”

Cranston: “Heh, little joke. I know you can hear me, Matt. But I can’t hear you. And don’t bother trying to recognize my voice… even your ears couldn’t get past this voice-scrambler.”

Daredevil vol. 2 #97 by Ed Brubaker, Michael Lark, Stefano Gaudiano, and Matt Hollingsworth

Before too long, he learns the truth– Larry Cranston is back, and is more powerful than ever. With an array of underlings from all walks of life at his command and a new arsenal of fear-inducing chemicals (including a new drug he is distributing on the streets), he appears capable of just about anything. He singlehandedly throws Matt’s life, and Hell’s Kitchen’s criminal underworld, into chaos.

Cranston: “It was so simple, I can’t believe I didn’t discover it myself… the myriad ways in which fear affects the human brain. But it took Professor Dante Govich only minutes to realize the full potential of the drugs from my arsenal. His experiments– once he came under my persuasion– once he looked at me with fear and awe– made all this possible. Dante understood the links between fear and love… the synaptic paths from desire to paranoia to insanity. Under my thumb, he created new drugs beyond anything I could have dreamed of.”

Daredevil vol. 2 #102 by Ed Brubaker, Michael Lark, Stefano Gaudiano, and Matt Hollingsworth

The whole time Matt remains one step behind, and has barely figured out who his enemy is before he gets doused with one of the new versions of the Fear Gas. As a celebration of the hundredth issue of the volume, #100 features a visually stunning and thematically disturbing sequence of Matt tearing his way through the city streets, hallucinating enemies all around while still helpless to attacks from Mr. Fear’s minions.

Matt: “Your lies… mean nothing! You hear me, Fisk?! You hear me?!”

Cop: “… Heh heh… heh… Why do you keep… henh… calling me… Fisk? …Please… just stop hitting me…”

Matt: “Oh, God… No.”

Daredevil vol. 2 #100 by Ed Brubaker, Marko Djurdjevic, Michael Lark, Matt Hollingsworth, et al.

But Cranston’s most disturbing attack is inflicted upon Milla, Matt’s wife. Without Matt’s knowledge, she is dosed with a concoction that amps up her emotions and makes her violent when angry. Her new condition is the final blow to Matt’s mental state, as she risks jail time for accidentally killing someone. Cranston baits Matt by engineering her release, then– the moment Matt starts to experience some hope– has one of his minions sabotage her into committing another violent act, which gets her locked away for good.

Matt: “Milla, what have you done? What have they done to you? Milla, I can hear your heartbeat… your breathing… It’s me, baby… calm down… It’s Matt… I’m here.”

Milla: “But… I don’t understand… I don’t… I don’t know… I don’t know what happened…”

Matt: “I know. I know you don’t. It’s not your fault.”

Matt (caption): “I hold her tight, but she’s already gone. I can hear the sirens approaching from three blocks away. An ambulance and three police cruisers. They’ll be here soon… to take her away again.”

Daredevil vol. 2 #104 by Ed Brubaker, Michael Lark, Stefano Gaudiano, Matt Hollingsworth, et al.

Brubaker’s run is the darkest, most brutal Daredevil run to date, and this story plays a major part in that. As his failures pile up, Matt grows more and more desperate, more and more willing to cross lines he might not have crossed before. After beating and torturing Cranston’s whereabouts from one of his pawns, Matt hunts him down, ready to wrest the Fear Gas antidote from him any way he can… at which point Cranston deals the final blow to Matt’s psyche.

Cranston: “There is no cure, Matt. That’s why I had to kill Dante Govich… He was my chemist… Can’t believe that didn’t occur to you, Mr. Valedictorian. So go ahead, hit me some more. It means nothing… Everything you do means nothing.”

Matt: “No…”

Cranston: “’Cause I beat you weeks ago… you just didn’t know it.”

Daredevil vol. 2 #105 by Ed Brubaker, Michael Lark, Stefano Gaudiano, Matt Hollingsworth, et al.

This story is heartbreaking on every level. Matt goes through all of that, and achieves nothing. He loses. Cranston gets the last laugh. It’s also not a major supervillain victory. It’s not like Cranston was trying to take over the world, or anything. His motivations are personal and frivolous, and that somehow makes it worse. He just tears Matt’s life to pieces because he wants to, because he can, and because Matt is powerless to stop him, and then gets a little chuckle about it afterward. Of course, the real victim of this story is Milla, who is still, to this day, locked up in a psychiatric hospital– a heartbreaking (and, frankly, criminal) fate for such a fantastic character. This is also the last Matt has seen of Larry Cranston. He hasn’t had chance to retaliate, and in my opinion, this victory alone would cement Mr. Fear as one of the most dangerous Daredevil antagonists. The fact that the various Mr. Fears have been at the center of 55 years-worth of genuinely disturbing stories just further backs this up.

#soulfireinc #Mr. Fear #Zolton Drago #Starr Saxon #Larry Cranston #Alan Fagan #Shock #Adventures in Continuity #Recommendations list #Asks

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earaercircular · 2 years ago

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Ugly duckling of the port of Ghent is now crucial for climate transition

In twenty years, the chemical company Molymet has become one of the largest European processors of molybdenum, an important raw material for the climate transition. With a new processing method, the refining is even more perfect.

“Guides used to do everything they could during boat tours in Ghent port[1] to make visitors look the other way when our factory came into view.” The CEO of Molymet Belgium[2], Godfried Van Schuylenbergh, at the opening of his new installation on Wednesday 10-5, made no secret of the fact that his company has changed considerably in the past twenty years. From the ugly duckling of the port of Ghent, Molymet became a crucial company for the climate transition. That is why Belgian Prime Minister Alexander De Croo attended the opening and spoke frankly about 'a hidden gem' of the Belgian heavy industry.

Molymet is a Chilean-Austrian company dedicated to refining molybdenum. This is a relatively unknown raw material that is gaining importance because it is one of the critical raw materials needed for the climate transition. Molybdenum can increase heat resistance and prevents corrosion. That is why it is often used in steel used to make offshore wind turbines.

Not Kazakhstan, but Greenland

Since Europe recently announced that it wants to gain more control over the extraction and processing of such critical raw materials, Molymet has been booming. The company's Ghent site has a leading role in Europe and the new installation – which came after a long preparation period – can produce a very pure powder from that raw material. This is useful for electronics applications. The company invested 60 million euros in the new installation, and the start-up cost another 15 million euros.

The raw material itself currently has to be supplied from North and South America and Kazakhstan. Until now, it is mainly a by-product of copper ore mining. But Molymet wants to change that too. It plans to source some 50 to 90 percent of its molybdenum from a brand new mine in Greenland. CEO Van Schuylenbergh hopes that extraction can start there in 2026, and is committed to doing so in a sustainable manner.

Greenland has been in the spotlight in Europe for some time, because the island's surface is rich in many critical raw materials. But in the same time, the population is very critical of mining projects.

Rhenium

The top of Molymet came to Ghent this week to sign an agreement in principle with the company that regulates mining in Greenland, the Canadian Greenland Resources.[3] The miner already has the permit for the molybdenum mine in his pocket, but still has to arrange the financing, as was declared after the signature.

Molymet not only focuses on the processing of molybdenum, but also of rhenium[4], one of the rarest earth metals in the world. Molymet has a 35 percent share of global molybdenum refining and 70 percent of rhenium processing.

Source

Pascal Sertyn: Lelijk eendje van Gentse haven is nu cruciaal voor klimaattransitie, in: De Standaard, 10-5-2023, https://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20230510_94720479

[1] The Port of Ghent is the third busiest seaport in Belgium, located in Ghent, East Flanders in the Flemish RegionThe port of Ghent is accessible by ships of the Panamax size, and in February 2015 the construction of a new lock at Terneuzen was announced, which will maintain near-parity with those of the Panama Canal expansion project. The canal and docks cover 623 ha; 4025 ha is occupied by land. North Sea Port manages the port from 2018, before the merger with the ports of Terneuzen and Vlissingen this was done by Ghent Port Company. The port is mainly used for loading and unloading loose goods. Two thirds of the traffic comes from the steel industry.

[2] Molymet Belgium is a subsidiary of Chilean company Molymet and is European leader in the production of Molybdenum (Mo), a raw material that is used in many innovative products, ranging from stainless steel to smartphones. With approximately 150 employees we produce various qualities of molybdenum that are used in the metal and steel industry, the chemical industry and the electronics industry. We are currently building a new additional factory on our site for the production of PurOx, pure molybdenum oxide with high-tech applications. https://www.molymetbelgium.be/en/about-sadaci

[3] Greenland Resources is a Canadian reporting issuer regulated by the Ontario Securities Commission, focused on the development of its flagship project called Malmbjerg, a world class Climax-type pure molybdenum mineral deposit near tidewater in east-central Greenland. https://greenlandresources.ca/data/about.html

[4] Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-gray, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. Rhenium has the third-highest melting point and second-highest boiling point of any element at 5869 K. Rhenium resembles manganese and technetium chemically and is mainly obtained as a by-product of the extraction and refinement of molybdenum and copper ores. Rhenium shows in its compounds a wide variety of oxidation states ranging from −1 to +7.

#circular economy #critical raw materials

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unifiedcitationjournals · 2 years ago

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Submit Your Case Report: Global Journal of Diabetes Treatment and Prevention

Diabetes is a chronic condition that develops when the pancreas is unable to create insulin or when the body is unable to effectively utilize the insulin that is produced.

The hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas, functions as a key to allow glucose from food to enter the body's cells where it may be used to make energy. All food containing carbohydrates breaks down into glucose in the body. Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by cells.

The majority of the food you consume is converted by your body into sugar (glucose), which is then released into your bloodstream. Your pancreas releases insulin when your blood sugar levels rise. In order for blood sugar to enter your body's cells and be used as energy, insulin functions like a key.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

It is believed that an autoimmune reaction is what causes type 1 diabetes (the body attacks itself by mistake). Your body's production of insulin is stopped by this reaction. Type 1 diabetes affects between 5–10% of those who have the disease. Type 1 diabetes symptoms frequently appear suddenly. Typically, it is discovered in kids, teenagers, and young adults. You must take insulin every day to stay alive if you have type 1 diabetes. There is currently no cure for type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes

Your body struggles to properly utilise insulin in type 2 diabetes, making it difficult to maintain normal blood sugar levels. The majority of diabetics (90–95%) are type 2. It takes years to develop, and adults are typically diagnosed with it (but more and more in children, teens, and young adults). If you are at risk, it is crucial to have your blood sugar tested because you might not exhibit any symptoms. By adopting healthy lifestyle adjustments like these, type 2 diabetes can be avoided or postponed.

Losing weight.

Eating healthy food.

Being active.

Obstetric Diabetes

Women who have never had diabetes before who become pregnant can acquire gestational diabetes. If you have gestational diabetes, your unborn child may be more susceptible to health issues. After your baby is born, gestational diabetes typically disappears. Yet, it raises your chance of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. Your child has a higher chance of being obese as a youngster or adolescent and going on to acquire type 2 diabetes.

Treatment

Type 2 diabetes is managed by:

eating well

routine exercise

Loss of weight

Maybe insulin treatment or diabetic medication

taking blood sugar readings

By taking these actions, you can assist maintain your blood sugar levels near normal levels, which can help delay or stop issues.

Healthy eating

Contrary to popular belief, there is no special diet for those with diabetes. However, it's critical to focus your diet on:

A regular schedule for meals and healthy snacks

Smaller portion sizes

More high-fiber foods, such as fruits, nonstarchy vegetables and whole grains

Fewer refined grains, starchy vegetables and sweets

Modest servings of low-fat dairy, low-fat meats and fish

Healthy cooking oils, such as olive oil or canola oil

Fewer calories

Your doctor might advise that you consult a licenced dietician, who can:

Find nutritious options among your favourite foods.

Create nutritious, balanced meals.

Create new habits and remove obstacles to altering ones.

To maintain more stable blood sugar levels, keep an eye on your carbohydrate intake.

Diabetes prevention: 5 tips for taking control.

Lose extra weight

Obesity lowers the risk of developing diabetes. Participants in one significant trial who lost roughly 7% of their body weight by dietary and exercise improvements saw a nearly 60% reduction in their chance of acquiring diabetes

Be more physically active

Regular exercise has a variety of advantages. Workout benefits include:

reduce weight

Decrease your blood sugar

Increasing your sensitivity to insulin will help you maintain a normal range for your blood sugar.

Most persons set the following objectives to encourage weight loss and keep a healthy weight:

Aerobic activity. Strive for at least 150 minutes of moderate to strenuous aerobic activity each week, which should include at least 30 minutes of brisk walking, swimming, bicycling, or running.

A resistance workout. Your strength, balance, and capacity to lead an active life are all improved by resistance training, which you should do at least 2 to 3 times per week. Yoga, callisthenics, and weightlifting are all forms of resistance training.

Limited inactivity. Long periods of inactivity, such working at a computer, can be broken up to assist manage blood sugar levels. Every 30 minutes, spend a few minutes standing up, moving around, or engaging in some light exercise.

Eat healthy plant foods

Plants supply your food with vitamins, minerals, and carbs. Sugars, starches, and fibre are all types of carbohydrates. They are the sources of energy for your body. Roughage and bulk are other terms for dietary fibre, which is the portion of plant foods that your body cannot digest or absorb.

Foods high in fibre encourage weight loss and reduce the incidence of diabetes. Consume a range of wholesome, high-fiber foods, such as:

fruits from trees, such as tomatoes, peppers, and other berries

Non-starchy vegetables include broccoli, cauliflower, and leafy greens

Beans, chickpeas, and lentils are examples of legumes.

Whole grains, such as quinoa, whole-grain rice, whole-grain oats, and whole-wheat pasta and bread

Eat healthy fats

Since fatty meals are heavy in calories, they should only be consumed occasionally. Your diet should contain a range of foods with unsaturated fats, also referred to as "good fats," to aid in weight loss and management.

Skip fad diets and make healthier choices

Several fad diets, including the paleo, keto, and glycemic index diets, may aid in weight loss. However, there is little information available regarding the long-term advantages of these diets or their use in preventing diabetes.

conclusion

Exercising lessens the diabetes's long-term consequences and overall severity. In fact, if incorporated into daily life, a well-planned and consistent fitness programme can be highly beneficial, especially if one has diabetes. The benefits of exercise include blood sugar control without the need for additional medication.

Thank You For Visit My Blog.

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pushermania · 3 years ago

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@Spotify http://bit.ly/3tBYZCy

@ApplePodcasts http://bit.ly/3AnFeT7

@Google Podcasts http://bit.ly/3g5ECux

Keith Corona is a South Austin hip hop legend. A leader in all that he does, Keith has been on the cutting edge of the visuals game for as long as I can remember. You have got to check out his YouTube page where you will find all sorts of dope music videos, many of which were filmed in Mexico where he resides for part of every year. He is back in Austin for the moment so I got to sit down with him and talk all sorts of stuff. Namely my wish to live in Mexico as well and how he made his way down there, and why he comes back every year. I'm literally jealous of this mans life. (though I would probably just chill down there full time if I could, and closer to some water. Listen and you will know what I'm talm bout.) In this episode we learn how he got to South Austin and how South Austin is an entity in and of itself. I school him a bit on some late 80's/early 90's rappers from South Austin, who are the main dudes who got me to start coming to Austin back in those days from Houston. (#RIPCROPDIGGIE) And he reminds me of a whole lot of dope artists and events that we have experienced living here in the Live Music Capital of the World.

These days Keith is rapping mostly en Espanol so we talk a lot about how I want to see him tour the Spanish speaking world, as he definitely has the skills and the drive to make it happen. I predict big things for my man right here and I am so glad that we got a chance to sit down. As always tell a friend to tell a friend to check out Talk So Real with Matt Sonzala and read below for info on a dope event he will be performing at this weekend!

Catch Keith LIVE on November 19, 2022 at the Mas Cultura Fest presented by @capmetroatx. MAS FEST is a 3-Day Cultural Experience that puts Latinos front and center as narrators of their own stories through art and music. It's a 3-day cultural experience happening November 18-20th! The weekend includes a music showcase, vendor markets, DJs, and a lowrider car show. Plus, 2 art galleries; 60+ visual artists are expected to exhibit. DJS: Gabby Got It , Manolo Black, Manny Mo, DJ 2DQ, Yo Colombo, Helios , Celly and Turntablist JLee. LIVE MUSIC: Combo Escuro, Max Martinez, Keith Corona, Bianca “BLo”, Young Clean 512, Los Kid Brothers, and Imperio Regional. Amplifying Latino Artists throughout the city and empowering the community to claim their history and their presence is the goal of MAS Cultura Fest. There will be no admission charge to the art galleries between 12pm – 5pm on Saturday and Sunday. All other experiences will require a ticket purchase. All ages and all are welcome. Location: KMFA Classic Radio , 41 Navasota St. , Austin TX 78702 Location: RICHESART Gallery , 2511 E 6th St., Austin TX 78702

@livefrom78745mx

talksoreal #talksorealpodcast #mattsonzala #keithcorona #podcast #Texas #Austin #ATX #mexico #texasrap #hiphop #rap #music #interview

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patriotsnet · 4 years ago

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Are There More Democrats Or Republicans Registered To Vote

New Post has been published on https://www.patriotsnet.com/are-there-more-democrats-or-republicans-registered-to-vote/

Are There More Democrats Or Republicans Registered To Vote

New York City Voters Shifted From Republican Or Independent To Democratic Party Ahead Of Primary

More Republicans registered to vote than Democrats

Voters

The Democratic Party in New York has consistently grown its voter base over the years and has also drawn previously party-unaffiliated and Republican voters to its ranks. In the last year alone, more than 88,000 voters who either had no party registration or were registered with the Republican Party switched their affiliation to the Democrats, potentially creating a new bloc of voters that candidates may seek to woo in races such as the crowded and competitive primary contest to replace term-limited Mayor Bill de Blasio.

According to data from the state voter file analyzed by Prime New York, a political consulting firm, 67,965 unaffiliated voters and 20,528 Republicans joined the Democratic Party, for a total of 88,493 new Democrats. In that same period, 20,136 Democrats switched over to the Republican Party.

Just 209 voters from the Republican and Democratic Parties gave up their party affiliation and became so-called blank or independent voters.

New York has a closed primary system, where only those with a party affiliation can vote in party primary elections. With 3.7 million registered Democrats in the city as of February 21, compared to just over 566,000 Republicans and about 1.08 million independents, the Democratic primaries all but decide the winner of the general election as well, at least for almost all citywide, boroughwide, and district-specific seats.

Political Party Strength In Us States

Political party strength in U.S. states is the level of representation of the various political parties in the United States in each statewide elective office providing legislators to the state and to the U.S. Congress and electing the executives at the state ” rel=”nofollow”>U.S. state governor) and national level.

Can I Register To Vote If I Don’t Have A Fixed Address

Yes. If you don’t have a fixed residence or are homeless and otherwise qualified to vote in Delaware, you may register by completing the proper registration form. If registering in-person you must provide two pieces of identification containing your name. Additionally, one of the pieces must include the address that you listed on the application. The address can be a shelter, agency or another location where you receive your mail.

Recommended Reading: Donald Trump Republicans Are Stupid Video

First How Many Of The Newly Registered Democrats Are Breathing

Still undecided and want to become more politically aware? How many republicans switch to democrat as compared to democrats switching to republican, in public and in office. From this point on, democrats stuck with this stance â favoring federally funded social programs and benefits â while republicans were gradually driven to. First, it could foster greater confidence among republican. Allow registered voters to indicate a party preference when registering to vote;

Biggest Influencers: Democrats Or Republicans

To understand who influences politics, you can easily find out who the wealthy support. For example, the Walton family, the owners of the retail giant Walmart, has traditionally donated to Republican candidates. Alice Walton, the daughter of Walmarts founder, hasnt strayed from that too much. That is, until the 2008 election. In 2008 and 2016 the Walton family donated to Hilary Clintons campaign.

She isnt the only person from a wealthy family to change tradition where politics are concerned either. Many of the younger individuals in Americas richest families have begun to sway from their familys political associations as well. Below youll find the affiliation and overall net worth of the top 10 richest families in America.

You May Like: Did Republicans Cut Funding For Benghazi

Will More Republicans Die From Covid Than Democrats

| 509 opinions shared on Society & Politics topic.Influencer2 mo People lie, right and left. Youre looking not at a number comparing those immunized or not immunized against voter rolls, but asking two questions at random, what party do you affiliate with, and do you plan to get vaccinated.Either way, its a brain dead question. More people would die regardless. Lets say that 45% between both parties is only 30% of Americans , thats enough to fall short of the unknown number that we would need to reach for herd immunity, which to the best of my knowledge no country has reached yet to find that sweet spot.It will simply mutate more and more and recircle the globe again and again. Which honestly is fine by me. The panic and blow to the economy were worse than the virus. Maybe sars-cov-3 will be more exciting though. I was in panic mode until there were more concrete numbers a few months in with cov-2.You also have to figure that if a virus becomes too deadly it wipes itself out as the hosts for that virus die faster than they can transmit it, like ebola, some strains of flu or dysentery. Im not too concerned as me and my family caught it already, and kind of figured on this sticking around like the flu. 0|0

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Americas Top 10 Richest Families

Walton;Republican; The family owns the Walmart corporation.;The Walton family fortune is estimated to be about $130 billion.

Koch;Republican; Businessmen, owners of Koch Industries, a manufacturing company.;Koch brothers have a net worth of about $41 billion each .

;Republican; Own the Mars candy company.;The three children of founder Forrest Mars are worth about $78 billion together.

Cargill-MacMillan;Republican; The Cargill-MacMillan family owns 90 percent of the largest privately-owned corporation in the U.S.;The family, as a whole, is worth about $49 billion.

Cox;Democrat; The Cox family owns a number of auto consumer sites and services . They have an estimated net worth of $41 billion.

Johnson ;Republican; The Johnson family is known for their cleaning products and hygiene products.;They are valued at $30 billion.

Pritzker;Both; Founders of Hyatt.;The family has a combined value of $29 billion in 2017.

Johnson ;Republican; Overseers at Fidelity, ensuring the cash of millions of Americans.;The family has a combined net worth of $28.5 billion.

Hearst;Republican; The Hearst family owns one of Americas largest media companies.;The family is valued at $28 billion.

Duncan;Republican; The Duncan family works mostly with oil and pipelines.;The family is valued at about $21.5 billion.

Also Check: Republicans And Democrats Switch Platforms

Poring Over Party Registration

This is not the best of times for the Democratic Party. No White House; no Senate; no House of Representatives; and a clear minority of governorships and state legislatures in their possession. Yet the Democrats approach this falls midterm elections with an advantage in one key aspect of the political process their strength in states where voters register by party.

Altogether, there are 31 states with party registration; in the others, such as Virginia, voters register without reference to party. Among the party registration states are some of the nations most populous: California, New York, Florida, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Arizona, and Massachusetts.

The basic facts: In 19 states and the District, there are more registered Democrats than Republicans. In 12 states, there are more registered Republicans than Democrats. In aggregate, 40% of all voters in party registration states are Democrats, 29% are Republicans, and 28% are independents. Nationally, the Democratic advantage in the party registration states approaches 12 million.

Still, Republican Donald Trump found a route to victory in 2016 that went through the party registration states. He scored a near sweep of those where there were more Republicans than Democrats, winning 11 of the 12, while also taking six of the 19 states where there were more Democrats than Republicans a group that included the pivotal battleground states of Florida, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania.

Chart 1 And Table : Nationwide Party Registration Trends Since 2000

More than 8 million Ohioans registered to vote November 3

Since 2000, the nationwide proportion of registered Democratic and Republican voters in party registration states have both gone down, while the percentage of registered independents has steadily grown. The latter has nearly reached the nationwide percentage of registered Republicans, which has long been second nationally to the Democrats. Altogether, the combined number of registered Democrats and Republicans, which was 77% in October 2000, is now down to 69%, while the proportion of registered independents over the same period has increased from 22% to 28%.

Note: Based on active registered voters in states where the number of active and inactive registrants is listed. In the election-eve 2000, 2008, and 2016 entries, Independents include a comparatively small number of registered miscellaneous voters who do not fit into a particular category. Percentages do not add to 100 since the small percentage of registered third party voters is not included.

Richard Wingers monthly newsletter, Ballot Access News, for election-eve party registration numbers in 2000, 2008, and 2016; the websites of state election offices for July 2018.

You May Like: When Was California A Republican State

At Least 60 Afghans And 13 Us Service Members Killed By Suicide Bombers And Gunmen Outside Kabul Airport: Us Officials

Two suicide bombers and gunmen attacked crowds of Afghans flocking to Kabul’s airport Thursday, transforming a scene of desperation into one of horror in the waning days of an airlift for those fleeing the Taliban takeover. At least 60 Afghans and 13 U.S. troops were killed, Afghan and U.S. officials said.

Republicans Could Make A Difference In Tuesdays Preliminary Election In A Race This Close Every Vote And Every Constituency However Small Counts

Nobody would ever confuse Boston with a Republican stronghold; the city hasnt elected a GOP mayor since the 1920s, and these days the party almost never bothers even to run a candidate in mayoral or city council elections. This year, all five major candidates are Democrats.

Still, almost half of Bostons voters backed Republican Charlie Baker for governor in 2018. Even Donald Trump won 45,000 votes in the city, about 15 percent of the electorate, with clusters of support in South Dorchester, West Roxbury, and South Boston.

With this years preliminary mayoral campaign entering its final days, and polls predicting an extremely close race, those numbers loom large. Boston might not have enough Republicans or Republican-leaning voters to actually elect a mayor but its still a rich, often-overlooked trove of votes that could help boost one of those Democrats.

Openly courting Republican votes, of course, carries risk, since it could antagonize far more numerous Democrats. But Republicans are choosing sides, in ways that reflect their own divisions.

Nassour is openly supporting Andrea Campbell for mayor. As for how her Republican fellows will vote, she said that she encourages them, ven if you cant get a candidate who is exactly like you in all policies, its important to find a candidate who represents the character of the person youd like to see in office.

Marcela García can be reached at . Follow her on Twitter .

Read Also: How Many States Are Controlled By Republicans

Turnout Patterns Across States Show Large Increases And Notable Shifts

National turnout shifts between 2016 and 2020 were broadly evident across individual states. Turnout rose in 44 states as well as Washington, D.C. .

Among the states with double-digit turnout gains was the swing state of Arizona, where turnout rose from 60% to 72%. New Jersey increased turnout from 61% to 78%, giving it the highest 2020 turnout rate of all states. Similarly, all but nine states showed turnout gains for their 18- to 29-year-old populations

Most notable are turnout shifts among white non-college and white college graduate populations. Only six states registered 2016-to-2020 turnout drops for non-college white voters, whereas 15 states showed such drops for white college graduates. In all but 11 states, turnout gains were greater for non-college white voters than for college-educated white voters. And particularly relevant for the 2020 election, both Michigan and Wisconsin registered turnout gains for non-college white voters and declines for college-educated white voters.

Florida Republicans Close Voter Registration Gap With Democrats

The gap between Floridas registered Democrats and Republicans, which has been steadily closing nearly every year since 2012, is a few thousand voters away from the GOP pulling ahead for the first time in state history.

Despite two decades of Republican dominance on a statewide level, Democrats in Florida have managed to maintain their edge in the number of registered voters. But that lead is now down to about 24,000, according to data from the Florida Department of State far from the 558,000-voter-advantage Democrats had nearly a decade ago.

There are about 5.1 million Republicans and just slightly more Democrats listed in state data showing active voters as of Aug. 31. There are about 3.8 million voters registered without party affiliation and about 250,000 who registered with minor parties.

Florida Democratic Party Chair Manny Diaz said that, despite the narrowed gap, hes feeling good. Part of what motivated him to run the party was the lack of infrastructure Democrats had, he said. Since hes taken over, the partys been making an active effort to set up a statewide voter registration system that operates year-round.

Diaz pointed to the 2008 and 2012 boom Democrats had in registered voters, which he attributed to the Florida campaigns of Barack Obamas successful runs for president and his reelection. But when those campaign officials left, they took their resources with them and the statewide party lost ground.

Don’t Miss: What Is The Lapel Pin The Republicans Are Wearing

Republicans Narrow Voter Registration Gap In Swing States

There are still more people registered as Democrats than Republicans in the battleground states of Florida, North Carolina and Pennsylvania, but Republicans have been gaining ground.

There are multiple forces at play: Republicans are making strides with registering voters, the two-party system is losing its appeal especially with young people and Democrats are being purged from the rolls as they either move out of those states or arent showing up at the polls.

The people who have been removed from the file since are more Democrats than Republicans, said Tom Bonier, CEO of TargetSmart, a nonprofit politics data firm. Overwhelmingly, those people didnt vote in 2016. What that tells you is these are people who had already either moved from the state or already died prior to November 2016, and they just hadnt been removed at that point.

The latest national CBS News Battleground Tracker poll shows Joe Biden with a 10-point lead among likely voters, but that lead narrows to within the margin of error in several key states, meaning the race could come down to who shows up at the polls on or before Election Day.

Who Is Richer Democrats Or Republicans The Answer Probably Wont Surprise You

by Jenny Smedraon ~

Which of the two political parties has more money, Democrats or Republicans? Most would rush to say Republicans due to the partys ideas towards tax and money. In fact, polls have shown about 60 percent of the American people believe Republicans favor the rich. But how true is that? Assignment help;can help you write about the issue but read our post first.

Read Also: Which States Are For Trump

Are There More Democrats Than Republicans In The United States

I have been thinking about the Democratic Party and whether or not its members are more numerous than the opposing faction.

Evidence to suggest this is the case:

This party is expected to win the popular vote for president seven out of eight times since 1992. Please don’t say “this hasn’t happened yet”. If this bothers you, say 6 out of 7.

The party has received 51.9 percent of the votes cast in presidential elections from 1992 to 2016 for it or its opponent, the Republican Party. This shows that 2012 was the mean election in popular vote as of 2016.

Party registration in states that register by party says this same thing.

Trump’s approval has not gone above 50 percent ever as president on 538.

A plurality of Americans consistently supported impeachment by 2 to 5 points while it was happening.

This suggests that the partisan lean the American electorate is about D+4. I believe that it might be closer to D+5 now for various reasons and the fact that 2012 was the mean result. This can get a little bit fuzzy because of independents.

If we look at opinion polling, Gallup has collated party affiliation polls back to 2004. The most recent poll at the time of writing gives a D+11 advantage. Looking just at the net Republican/Democrat advantage, ignoring Independents, we can create the graph below – with positive percentages representing a Democrat lead, and negative percentages representing a Republican lead.

To give a theoretical perspective on this:

When Was The Republican And Democratic Parties Formed

Do more registered voters and mail in ballot requests favor democrats or republicans?

The Democratic Party was founded by Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren on January 8, 1828, in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. He was the United States seventh president but the first democratic President.

The Democratic Partys shocking emergence can be linked to the countrys anti-federalist factions. It was during that time the United States of America gained independence from British colonial masters.

The anti-federalist factions, which democrats originated from, were also grouped into the Democrat-Republican party. This was done in 1792 by James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and other federalists influential opponents.

On the other hand, the Republican Party is pretty much younger than the Democratic Party. It was formed in 1854 by anti-slavery modernizers and activists.

The republicans were against the expansion of slavery in Western territories. They fought hard to protect African Americans rights after the civil war.

The Republican Party is often known as GOP. The meaning is Grand Old Party. The first Republican President was Abraham Lincoln. From Lincolns emergence, Republican Party started gaining ground in America.

Also Check: Why Do Republicans Hate Ted Cruz

Florida Republicans Close Registration Gap With Democrats To Historically Narrow Margin

Floridas Republicans have narrowed the voter registration gap behind Democrats to historically close levels in the final tally of voters before the Nov. 3 election.

Democrats hold only a 134,000-voter lead over Republicans in the nations largest swing state, according to a Thursday report from the Florida Department of State that shows how many active registered voters registered in time to participate in the 2020 general election. Four years ago, when Donald Trump defeated Hillary Clinton by 113,000 votes, Democrats held a 327,000-voter edge.

There are more than 14.4 million active registered voters in Florida.

Democrats in 1980 boasted twice as many registered voters than Republicans, but the gap between the two parties has steadily closed. Democrats saw a boost in their registrations during the 2008 election of President Barack Obama, but Republicans have regained that ground in subsequent years.

Florida Democrats had hoped to reverse the trend in 2020. Former Democratic gubernatorial candidate Andrew Gillum at one point aimed to register or re-engage 1 million voters.

Republicans crowed Thursday that their strategy would lead to victories on Nov. 3

Florida Democrats, meanwhile, have been talking up Democrats’ early turnout numbers in returned vote-by-mail ballots this election cycle.

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randomvarious · 2 years ago

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Today's compilation:

The Wild Bunch 1995 Reggae / Roots Reggae / Rocksteady / Dub

First off, let me just say that I am in total awe of this crop of reggae instrumentals from the 60s and 70s here. So much music since has come with so much more fuss and technological advancements, and yet an unscalable pile of the stuff that came out after this doesn't seem to come close to how good a bunch of these simple tunes still are. In a broad sense, all these songs' formulas are pretty simple, but they really still just manage to click so damn well 😌.

From this comp's liner notes:

During the past eight years, Trojan have pioneered the 'Revival' Reggae scene. Our re-issue programme has preserved some of the best vocals ever recorded in Jamaica, but with the emphasis being placed on some of the island's many talented singers in recent years, the musicians have tended to be ignored. This current release reverses that trend by turning the spotlight onto the 'players of instruments', and in so doing we pay tribute to Kingston's legendary session men.

Now, because nearly all of these are straight-up instrumentals, they all pretty much operate in the same way, and each of them seem to have one thing in common that ends up either making or breaking the tune: the lead instrument. Because reggae riddims are inherently repetitive and steady, if left alone, they will naturally get stale. So, it takes a good melody of some kind to be laid atop that riddim in order to lend the song some much needed variety. And in a whole lot of these 27 tunes, that ends up coming to remarkable fruition.

It's hard to even really know where to begin with this album since there's so much goodness to be found within it, but the thick, whistle-ringing improvisational organ of Lloyd Charmer's "Ling Tong Ting" is an absolutely terrific place to start. Then the JJ All Stars get topsy-turvy with the audio channels on "Memphis Underground," by sending the melodic leads exclusively and *very prominently* through the left, and 90% of the riddim through the right; Herman Marquis' "Tom's Version," whose intro I'm pretty sure I've heard sampled in at least one hip hop tune before (Wu-Tang, maybe? It's honestly driving me crazy that I can't put my finger on it), then follows by doing a wonderful job of harmonizing its organ and trumpet, yielding this fully warm and satisfying haze; the legendary Augustus Pablo, who singlehandedly managed to transform the melodica from a mere plaything for children into an instrument with serious gravitas, shows why on a rootsy piece of dub called "Great Pablo;" and then towards the end, we get a bit of a surprise with a piece of gospel-reggae that's actually not an instrumental: the Harry J All Stars "Holy Moses," which is aided by a small set of female singers whose deployment of soul harmonies reminds of the backup singing that can be found on a bunch of Bob Marley hits.

But the closing title tune by the Music Doctors may be both the most remarkable and most fun track of them all, for the simple fact that it uniquely trades its leads between—not things like guitars, horns, and organs—but just bass and drums. And the bassist just seems to carefreely play this laid-back and very recognizable piece of melody from The Jackson 5's "I Want You Back;" it's so good!

So, a phenomenal collection of rare Jamaican reggae instrumental classics here, from the genre's premier label itself, Trojan. Yesterday, I posted about an excellent metal cassette from 1985 that's also called The Wild Bunch, and given how good that that album was, I really didn't think that this one could outdo it, but it very much did!

Highlights:

Selwyn Baptiste - "Mo' Bay" Boris Gardiner - "Memories of Love" The Dynamites - "Phantom" Sound Dimension - "Soul Food" Lloyd Charmers - "Ling Tong Ting" The Aggrovators - "The Sniper" JJ All Stars - "Memphis Underground" Lynn Taitt & The Jets - "Love Me Forever" Herman Marquis - "Tom's Version" The Tennors - "Copy Me Donkey" Winston Wright - "Heads or Tails" Augustus Pablo - "Great Pablo" Harry J All Stars - "Holy Moses" Music Doctors - "Wild Bunch"

#reggae #roots reggae #rocksteady #dub #dub music #music #60s #60s music #70's #70's music

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atakportal · 7 years ago

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Lean Bells – MK-3

New Post has been published on https://www.atak.co/2018/07/04/lean-bells-mk-3/

Lean Bells – MK-3

Product Name: Lean Bells – MK-3

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Description:

You’re about to discover how an old Soviet farm tool used to measure grains can dramatically accelerate your fat loss and fitness, as well as tone your whole body from head to toe….taking it from lardy to lean in a matter of weeks.

And when you combine this “odd” tool with the “MK-3” method you will unleash a powerful cocktail of hormones that forces your body to burn fat faster than it ever has before, all while making you look younger and boosting your health.

It doesn’t matter if you have tried every other fitness and fat loss program under the sun, even those mega intense workouts that make you shout “insane” at the TV before collapsing on the floor. That’s no fun and simply can’t be followed long term. So…

If you are frustrated with your current results, if you have wasted hundreds (or even thousands) of dollars on personal trainers and fad diets and seen little, if any, REAL fat loss and fitness improvements then this article is for you. That’s because…

The American Council on Exercise (ACE) found that the average person can burn 400 calories in just 20 minutes with a bizarre Russian farm tool.

That’s an amazing 20 calories a minute, or the equivalent of running a six-minute mile, which by the way is rapid and not something the average person could do…but it seems just one exercise and this Russian farm tool brings about the same dramatic results.

What is this little ol’ Russian farm tool?

Well, it’s a cast-iron ball with a handle on the top, otherwise known as a kettlebell.

And not only is it great for improving fitness, but perhaps more importantly, incredibly effective at lowering body fat…

Especially, if you’re short of time.

Think about this for a second…

The last time you went to a gym how many people did you see on the treadmills, ellipticals and other cardiovascular equipment?

I’m guessing quite a few.

In fact, most people that go to a gym do the exact same thing…

Hop on a dreadmill and clock-watch for 30+ minutes.

You see, somewhere along the line we’ve been brainwashed into thinking these methods of burning belly fat are good, when in actual fact, they’re pants and not to mention…dull as dishwater!

Oh and then there’s the pills and shakes that will make you “slimmer, trimmer and a double winner!”

Most supplements on the market are nothing but hype…fat blockers, raspberry ketones and magic beans!

We love a quick fix, but most simply don’t work.

Don’t believe all the hype and utter BS.

There’s a real way to burn fat faster and all you need is your body, a single kettlebell and the MK-3 method (which I’ll tell you about in a mo).

I haven’t got time to spend 90+ minutes in a gym and I’m pretty sure you don’t either.

You have a life to live… a busy job, a wonderful family and friends you’d like to see for the odd “beverage” occasionally, right?!

In fact, researchers have found that it’s possible to substantially increase calorie burning, boost your fitness and slow down the ageing process using a single kettlebell in just 20 minutes or less.

But before I reveal these unique studies and how you can transform your own body, I want to expose 3 workout mistakes that men and women, just like you, often commit and destroy their chances of permanent fat loss.

I’d like to reveal these now because if you are doing any of these, they are most definitely hitting the brakes and making it harder for you to lose fat and tone those wobbly bits.

Most men and women that hop on a dreadmill will get a sweat on and burn some calories, which is all fine and dandy, except that they’re missing out on a huge calorie burning opportunity.

You see, plodding along on a dreadmill is great at burning calories while you’re doing it, but it does little or nothing at all for your metabolism afterwards.

And if we want to burn more fat we not only want to increase our ‘After Burn’, but also send a message to our fat loss hormones to shake things up down there, so that our body doesn’t hold on to stubborn fat.

Hormone activity essentially controls the mechanics of fat storage and consumption by our bodies and the good news is that you can create an accelerated state of metabolism to help use stored fat as energy…

…But only if do the right kind of exercise.

Yes, I know it looks an ickle bit like a cannonball with a handle on the top, but that’s a clue in itself because this old Russian farm tool can blow-up your metabolism (get it…cannonball…blow-up!).

Anyway, when it comes to your fitness and fat loss you can’t beat it.

The crazy thing about Kettlebells is that they were used as a weights to measure grains back in the Soviet Union over 200 years ago, but now…

They can increase your calorie burning by 175% in just 20 minutes and that’s not mentioning what happens afterwards…remember that after burn effect?!

It’s quite possible that the kettlebell is the most effective workout tool on the planet.

One of the biggest mistakes I see is men and women keeping their cardio seperate from their resistance training.

Only doing one or the other.

For faster fat loss and huge improvements in fitness you’ve gotta combine the two.

Now most peeps, will perhaps do some weights and then do their cardio, but studies show that if you can combine both aspects your results can literally be tripled.

For example, in a study published in the Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness (Vol. 52(3):255-62), sixty overweight young women were separated into three groups.

Groups 1 & 2 trained five days per week for 12 weeks.

The researchers concluded that the workout style that combined cardio and resistance training produced far better results than those in the traditional cardio group.

There’s a reason so many people love kettlebell training and why so many celebrities use them — after all, who doesn’t want a total-body resistance and cardio workout that only takes 20-30 minutes?

Celebrities such as Jessica Biel, Matthew Mcconaughey, Angelina Jolie, Gerard Butler and Jennifer Anniston all use the magic of kettlebell training to keep their bodies toned, sexy and wobble free.

The kettlebell is not only one of the most effective and versatile pieces of equipment, it’s also one of the most convenient.

It’s like having a gym in the palm of your hand!

And if you’re short of time, or looking for a quick workout you can do anywhere with minimal gear, all you need is a single kettlebell.

But what sort of results can you expect when using a kettlebell…

Can you really burn fat fast and boost your fitness dramatically without those traditional, boring type of workouts?

Well, there have been several research studies carried out, so let’s have a look at their findings…

As I mentioned earlier, the American Council on Exercise (ACE) found that the average person can burn 400 calories in just 20 minutes with a single kettlebell.

That’s an amazing 20 calories a minute, or the equivalent of running a six-minute mile!

The same study also found that eight weeks of kettlebell training two times a week improved aerobic capacity by almost 14 percent and abdominal strength by 70 percent in the participants.

This not only makes kettlebell training great for fitness, but also fantastic for weight loss, especially amongst those people who are short of time.

Researchers credit the brisk calorie burning to the fact that a kettlebell workout is a total-body movement that is also done very quickly due to the interval-training format.

The researchers went on to say “It’s a quick workout, and you do get a big bang for your buck in a very short amount of time.”

A study in the Journal Of Strength and Conditioning Research examined Continuous the effect kettlebell swings had on Vo2 Max (a key marker of cardiovascular fitness).

They found that by using the kettlebell you can impart a metabolic challenge of sufficient intensity to increase Vo2 max.

In other words, you can increase your fitness by swinging a cannonball back and forwards without having to go off on long runs to boredom-ville and back. So…

If plodding along on a side walk or treadmill isn’t your cuppa tea, but you need to improve your fitness, this modest Soviet farm tool will do the job.

A study that featured in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research showed that the acute hormonal response to the kettlebell swing exercise consisted of an extremely significant rise in growth hormone and testosterone, two potent fat-burning hormones in both men and women.

When you increase Human Growth Hormone you also switch off your fat storing hormone, Insulin, allowing your body to use more fat as fuel.

Human Growth Hormone is also known as the “Fountain Of Youth” amongst many scientists as it can slow-down the ageing process dramatically. So…

Not only are you able to burn more belly fat, but you’ll also look younger and have more energy for many years to come.

I’m absolutely convinced that what I’m about to share with you will give you the lean, healthy, physique AND confidence that you’ve always wanted, but never had or lost several years ago.

The MK-3 method is the unique pairing of metabolic conditioning with kettlebell training that accelerates fat loss, tones your body from head to toe and boosts your cardiovascular health in as little as 10 minutes.

Metabolic conditioning combines strength training with cardiovascular exercise to create a short, but intense workout and when combined with the unique movement patterns that comes with a kettlebell, the results are incredible.

As you now know, MK-3 is a combination of metabolic (M) and kettlebell training (K), but what you didn’t know is that there are 3 core principles that this method is based on and without them maximal fitness and fat loss could not be achieved in such a short space of time.

The more muscles you can target per exercise or movement the bigger the spike in your metabolism will be.

Traditional workouts and gym equipment often focus on isolating muscle groups, which when it comes to fat loss, just isn’t going to give you the best bang for your buck.

The MK-3 method uses exercises and movements that involve multiple joint movements, which force your body to recruit several muscle groups all at the same time, leading to higher energy demands and a larger ‘After Burn’ effect.

If you’re working out and you’re not getting sweaty or out of breath then the chances are you’re not exercising at the right level of intensity to create that metabolic shift.

For a fat blasting metabolic workout we combine resistance training with cardiovascular training for repeated bouts of short duration, high-intensity exercise intervals mixed with periods of rest.

When you exercise at a high intensity your body not only burns more calories, but also creates a cocktail of hormones that boosts fat loss and increases your metabolism for several hours, in some circumstances up to 48 hours afterwards.

The good news is that if you’re using all 3 principles mentioned here, then you should only ever need to workout for 10-20 minutes to create this metabolic shift.

And finally, by using a kettlebell we are able to use our bodies in a unique way that not only forces us to use many muscle groups all at the same time, but also a variety of different ranges-of-motion that force our core muscles to work much harder without the need to do hundreds of different sit-up variations.

Unlike lifting a dumbbell or using a machine, which keeps your center of gravity fixed, kettlebells incorporate movements that throw off your center of gravity and use your core muscles to keep you balanced.

The end result is a dynamic, whole-body exercise workout that incorporates cardiovascular, resistance and range-of-motion training into one workout for a stronger, toned and leaner body.

My name is Gavin Walsh and I’ve been in the fitness business for over a decade having studied Sport Science at University and working as a Personal Trainer in England ever since.

My work has been featured in a number of publications including Men’s Health, Men’s Fitness, Harper’s Bazaar and The Times just to name a few.

Plus, I’ve even been seen on TV…ever seen Dancing On Ice?

By the way, this is also me in the photo below after using the powerful MK-3 method for several weeks when my Wife was pregnant with our first child.

Let me tell you something when you’ve got a Wife who is heavily pregnant, getting to the gym several times a week is a no-go! So…

I trained in one of our spare bedrooms using my own bodyweight and…you guessed it…a kettlebell.

My clients are really surprised after following my methods and often say “This stuff REALLY works” and that’s the truth…it REALLY does work.

Now, I know what you might be thinking.

You’re probably thinking that I’m probably one of these personal trainers who lives in a gym and eats broccoli 24/7, right? And…

That I should be in good shape?

Can I be honest with you?

Yes, I eat healthy and exercise, but I’m actually a regular type of guy, with all the commitments that come with juggling a young family and work.

Plus, I’ve got a wife who loves to bake ridiculously delicious cakes and then ‘forces’ me to eat the yummy-goodness.

Oh and this might shock the “fitness gurus”, but I even drink beer. Bloody madness, eh?!

See, I told you I was a normal kind of guy.

After uncovering this unique method I knew it was time to tell the world about it.

I decided to create an entire system that the average man or woman could use to take their fitness and fat loss to the next level and help give their life more va-va voom!

After all, most people want to look better and who doesn’t want to lose belly fat faster?! So…

I got to work on and put together a package with everything you need to produce amazing results with the MK-3 method…

Inside this manual you’ll discover 36 rapid fat loss workouts that put the MK-3 method into full effect.

These workouts will use the most effective kettlebell movements along with powerful bodyweight exercises to accelerate your fat loss, fitness and health.

And the best part, these workouts are designed for those with little time on their hands, which means you can spend more time with your friends and family!

Plus, I’ll also give you a heads up on how best to use the kettlebell over the next few weeks, what size kettlebell will suit you and how to get the most out of this unique tool and the MK-3 method.

You get detailed coaching videos making sure you perform the workouts correctly with great exercise demonstrations.

It’s like having me in your home training you.

Remember, these workouts can be done from your own home with a single kettlebell, so that you can save more time and spend more time with the family.

These videos focus entirely on using the kettlebell, so that you can safely and effectively put the MK-3 method into action and burn more jelly from your belly.

I’ll take you step-by-step through the most effective kettlebell movements such as the swing, clean, snatch, turkish get up and much more.

On top of the done for you coaching videos, I am also providing a complete library of all the exercises used in the program – kettlebell and bodyweight.

This is a 70 page manual that will lay out every exercise in the program, so that you can ensure you’re doing each exercise with good form and fire up your fat loss.

This manual will be your go to guide to quickly and easily see what each exercise is and how to perform it to get the fat burning results you truly desire.

You’re super keen and want to get stuck in straight away!

Don’t worry, I’ve got your back – I’ve provided everything you need to know in a detailed step-by-step check-list, so that you can really hit the ground running.

It’s important to me that you know exactly what you’re doing, so that you can get the very best results from the Lean Bells system.

I am supremely confident that this system will take you from lardy to lean in just a matter of weeks.

I know, that’s a big call, but that’s how confident I am that when you MK-4 protocol into practice you’ll get better results that anything you’ve used before.

However… I decided not to stop there.

I wanted you to be so over the top thrilled about investing in the Lean Bells formula that I decided to fill in the ‘gaps’ by creating 4 special bonuses that will make your transformation even easier!

For those that are completely new to the World of kettlebell training, don’t be scared!

Instead, embrace these strange looking cannon balls and awaken your metabolism with their unique movements and the MK-3 protocol.

Now, of course I want to make sure you have a solid base to work from, which is why I’ve created 7-day kick start plan.

This is where you’ll start and I’ll give you day-by-day instructions that sets your foundations.

During this foundation period, you’ll be learning how best to use the kettlebell and which skills to master first before moving onto some of the more complex movements.

For those that love follow along style workouts, you’re in luck. I’ve filmed TWO high quality follow along workouts that’ll tone your muscles and spike your metabolism all in one go.

I’ll coach you through both high-energy workouts with plenty of motivation and technique tips to make sure you finish in style.

Plus, you can either download these workouts or stream them directly to your PC, tablet or smart phone, making them super convenient.

If you’re the sort of person that needs an ickle nudge from time to time, then my workout reminders are definitely going to help you.

These reminders will give your that extra focus and take you by the hand, so that you can even better results from the program.

Plus, they’ll also save you from having to open up the manuals again and again.

To kick off these workout reminders all you have to do is enter your email address on the download page.

One of the key principles to losing weight and keeping it off long term is accountability.

And that’s why I’m giving you access to my Private Facebook group where you’ll find hundreds of other men and women transforming their bodies and lives.

If you need a pep talk, this is the place to come.

I’ll also be inside the group answering questions and keeping everyone on the straight and narrow!

BUT I wanted to make this program accessible to everyone.

My goal as a fitness and fat loss expert is to help as many people around the World as I can.

I care about your results and health and with the help of the internet I’m able to reach out to many more people, just like you, who want to make a change to their health, fitness and ultimately, their lives.

Once you make that decision to take action, you’ll get instant access to everything you need in one easy-to-use spot at one super low price – so you can get started right now.

With this in mind, Lean Bells is amazing value, especially when you consider all the various components within the program and the fact you can contact me personally via email if you have any questions or are in need of a swift kick up the assimus.

You don’t need to pop another diet pill. And it’s not necessary for you to hire a personal trainer, because EVERY step of the Lean Bells system has you covered.

All you need is a little commitment and determination to see a brand NEW you every time you look in the mirror.

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And I won’t take it personally. I won’t ask “why”. I’ll refund your money with a smile just because you gave the system a try.

THAT, is my PERSONAL guarantee.

Love it or hate it, all the risk is on me!

And that’s how it should be.

So remember, if for ANY reason the Lean Bells system doesn’t live up to your expectations, all you have to do is just drop me an email within 60 days of your purchase and I’ll give you a full, no-questions asked refund.

Even if you only do two of my fat melting workouts a week, that’ll be 16 workouts you can try 100% risk free to see if the MK-3 method works for you.

And if you’re not blown away AFTER you take action and get results, you get all your money back.

If for any reason you are unhappy at all, you will get a full refund. No questions asked!

I want to be honest with you…

Every single day I receive emails from people thanking me for helping transform their bodies through my workout programs.

There are 1000’s of readers and subscribers who have trusted me with their health and fitness.

BUT, one thing that I have learned in the last decade being in the fitness industry is that most people just won’t take action no matter how good a workout or system is… Why?

Well, there’s two reasons. First, people are scared of success. It sounds weird but many people are scared to make a change (even if that means only 10-minutes).

They are scared to see changes in their body, even positive ones.

And secondly, people are scared to fail.

Listen, this I do know… If all you do is follow the Lean Bells workouts that I’ve put together for you, you will see a dramatic difference in just 7-days.

And from there, it will only continue to get better and better.

However, in order to make a change, you have to take action.

So the decision is up to you… Are you going to be person A or person B?

You know that a change is needed, but you’re going to let another week, another month, and another year fly by without making the changes needed to live the life you want…

And worst of all… You still don’t like the way you look in the mirror or the way you feel.

All because you are afraid to make the small but necessary changes…

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See you on the inside, so we can start transforming your body like never before!

Fitness & Fat Loss Expert

P.S. – Don’t forget, my Iron-Clad, 100% Money-Back Guarantee, I’m giving you a full 60 days to try Lean Bells and the MK-3 method to help you burn more fat and boost your fitness in minimum time. Grab it right now, RISK-FREE.

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CLICK HERE TO GET STARTED NOW

Lean Bells is a rapid fat loss program that combines metabolic conditioning with the unique movements of kettlebell training (aka MK-3) to accelerate fat loss and boost fitness all while challenging your body in a fun and exciting way.

If you have experienced the benefits of bodyweight training, but want to take things to the next level, look no further than Lean Bells.

Of course! There are 36 workouts to challenge your body with and I recommend that you do 2-3 workouts a week depending on your schedule and time constraints. Having said that, you’re welcome to do more or less and combine your Lean Bells workouts with any other workouts you enjoy.

No! That’s the beauty of the internet. The entire program will become immediately available to you via download after your purchase – no shipping fees, no waiting for results!

Don’t worry, you won’t have to go out and buy a complete set of kettlebells – one will do nicely! What size depends on your current fitness level and experience, but I’ll talk more about this on the inside and give you my recommendations.

Yes, you’ll be able to follow the workouts. The key will be what kettlebell size you use and if you’ve been exercising over the last few months or so. In fact, most people who take part in this program are over 30 years old, but I’ve had people follow this program in their 40’s and even 50’s.

Yes, it certainly does and in my mind, it’s the beginner who will benefit most from this program as you’ll be training in a way that yields extremely fast results whilst discovering how to use burn fat more effectively.

You’ll get all the coaching videos which will take you through each exercise in an easy to understand manner.

Plus, the 7-day kick start is designed with beginners in mind, taking you through all of the kettlebell movements in a step-by-step fashion before tackling the main workouts.

Of course. The program does not discriminate based on age, gender, or any other factor. It works across the board.

Simply put, if you use the Lean Bells program exactly as outlined in the materials, and do NOT notice a difference in your body shape and fitness after 2-3 weeks, then just contact me and I’ll refund your money. It’s that simple.

I stand behind all my product and if they don’t yield the results you want when followed, you get your money back. No hassles, no hoops to jump through, just a prompt, courteous refund.

As you can see, the burden to deliver is 100% on me—the only thing you need to do is let me prove it to you!

If for any reason you are unhappy at all, you will get a full refund. No questions asked!

Please read my brutally honest disclaimer: Due to recent statements from the FTC, it is required that I identify what a typical result is. The truth: most people are lazy and do nothing with the products they buy. So most of the time, their typical results are zero. The biggest factor is you. There is no such thing as a miracle pill or silver bullet. You’re the only one that can make this happen. So step up and let’s make your dream body a reality!

This site and the products and services offered on this site are not associated, affiliated, endorsed, or sponsored by Jessica Biel, Matthew McConaughey, Angelina Jolie, Gerard Butler and Jenifer Anniston, nor have they been reviewed tested or certified by Jessica Biel, Matthew McConaughey, Angelina Jolie, Gerard Butler and Jenifer Anniston.

Note: Upon purchase, you will be given instant access! This is a virtual product, that can be conveniently downloaded or accessed anywhere with an internet connection. No hard product will be shipped. ClickBank is the retailer of this product. CLICKBANK® is a registered trademark of Click Sales, Inc., a Delaware corporation located at 917 S. Lusk Street, Suite 200, Boise Idaho, 83706, USA and used by permission. ClickBank’s role as retailer does not constitute an endorsement, approval or review of this product or any claim, statement or opinion used in promotion of this product.

Click here to get Lean Bells – MK-3 at discounted price while it’s still available…

#Bells #Lean #MK3

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aion-rsa · 4 years ago

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A Tale of Two Pietros: Explaining the MCU X-Men Problem With a Mutant Speedster

https://ift.tt/3jFtUYS

This article contains WandaVision spoilers.

Since his creation by Jack Kirby and Stan Lee in the mid-60s, Quicksilver has been a fairly important part of the Marvel Universe. The mutant speedster started as a member of Magneto’s Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, then became one of the earliest members of the Avengers. Over the decades, he’s married into the Inhumans, joined various X-teams, been a mentor to the Avengers Academy, and had his parentage retconned several times over.

He’s never been the most popular character in the Marvel Universe, but due to some legal complications, he became the focal point between two rival movie studios. It’s those complications that make his appearance in the fifth episode of WandaVision such a huge deal.

But let’s get to where this all started. As hard as it may be to believe now, b ack in the ‘90s, Marvel Comics was on the verge of bankruptcy. One way to get some money together was to sell the movie rights of its various characters to whatever studio was willing to pay. After all, shared cinematic universes weren’t really a thing back then.

Not every movie got made, of course. There were instances of studios sitting on rights and not doing anything for so long that they had to give them up. For instance, New Line Cinema had the rights to make a Venom movie, albeit one where they couldn’t reference Spider-Man directly in any way. Such an idea was worth a laugh in the ‘90s, but Sony actually pulled it off 20 years later, so go figure.

Studios would only have so much time to make a movie before the rights would revert to Marvel. By the time Marvel decided to get into the movie making business themselves and kick off the MCU concept, the field had settled. Sony had the Spider-Man franchise and had just finished Sam Raimi’s initial trilogy, preparing for a fourth movie that didn’t work out and would ultimately be replaced by a reboot. Universal had a complicated hold on the Hulk that lent itself to a unique partnership with Marvel. Fox was able to make the X-Men a successful franchise, but had less success with two attempts at the Fantastic Four franchise.

Essentially, the entire Marvel Universe had to be categorized into different properties. A lot of these were pretty easy. Doc Ock? He was clearly part of Spider-Man’s corner and could only be used in Spider-Man movies. Dr. Doom gets around as a villain in the comics and fights just about everyone, but at the end of the day, he’s grouped in with the Fantastic Four and could only be handled by Fox. But it wasn’t as simple for other characters.

One major complication was what to do with Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch. Which corner of Marvel did they truly belong to? They were technically under the X-Men umbrella as the mutant children of Magneto. Quicksilver himself was a major member of X-Factor.

On the other hand, the two were also huge staples of the Avengers. They were Avengers longer than the likes of Hulk and Black Widow. Scarlet Witch was even the centerpiece in one of the most important Avengers storylines of the early 21st century.

20th Century Fox and Marvel Studios finally came up with an agreement. Both sides had the rights to the Maximoff twins, but the Avengers movies couldn’t describe the two as mutants or mention Magneto and the X-Men movies couldn’t bring up the Avengers or, uh… Yeah, this was pretty much on Marvel’s side to be creative.

Around the same time, each studio cast their Quicksilvers. Marvel had Aaron Taylor-Johnson and Fox had Evan Peters. Marvel cast Elizabeth Olsen as Scarlet Witch while Fox declined to actually use the character, likely due to how hard to write her powers could be at times. The most they did was include an unnamed little sister for Quicksilver, but director Bryan Singer insisted she wasn’t Wanda.

LAP 1 – CAPTAIN AMERICA: THE WINTER SOLDIER

Fittingly, with each studio having their own speedster, there was a race to be the first to get their Quicksilver on the big screen. It was really Fox’s race to lose, considering X-Men: Days of Future Past was the seventh X-Men movie and the most the character has ever gotten beforehand was an Easter egg namedrop on a computer monitor in X-Men 2. At least Days of Future Past was going to be released nearly a full year before Marvel’s Avengers: Age of Ultron.

Marvel still won the race, though. Weeks before the release of Days of Future Past, Captain America: The Winter Soldier hit theaters with a post-credits scene that revealed Aaron Taylor-Johnson’s Quicksilver and Elizabeth Olsen’s Wanda Maximoff to the world. And while they were indeed showing off their powers in those brief moments, it wasn’t because they were mutants, but rather had been altered by Baron Strucker and HYDRA using Loki’s scepter from Avengers.

LAP 2 – X-MEN: DAYS OF FUTURE PAST

Fox got their chance later that year with X-Men: Days of Future Past. Overall, Evan Peters’ Quicksilver didn’t get too much screen time, but he was definitely considered a highlight by fans.

Referred to as Peter Maximoff in this continuity, the speedster is a little more laid back than other characters in the X-Men series. Not only does his power give him a feeling of casual superiority over others, but the unbelievability of it all makes him feel almost untouchable. His high-speed crimes would come off as more of a myth that nobody with authority would logically believe. He’s recruited by Xavier, Wolverine, and Beast to break Magneto out of the Pentagon, which he does for the sake of the challenge.

It’s there that he shows his stuff in a slow-motion segment set to Jim Croce’s “Time in a Bottle,” displaying seemingly endless charisma as he protects his allies from armed prison guards and spends his perpetual head start straight-up fucking with their would-be killers. It’s a fun moment in a film about dystopian genocide and Peters makes Quicksilver really likeable.

He doesn’t really get to do too much otherwise, though he does make a remark to Magneto hinting that the Master of Magnetism is his father, but that’s as far as it ever went.

LAP 3 – AVENGERS: AGE OF ULTRON

2015 gave us Avengers: Age of Ultron, which opened with the Avengers crushing the remnants of HYDRA while Quicksilver and Scarlet Witch got away. Still, Quicksilver was able to scrap with the Avengers and start up a rivalry with Hawkeye while Scarlet Witch could screw with Iron Man’s mind and increase his paranoia to dangerous levels.

In the comics, Quicksilver has been best defined in an issue of X-Factor where he described his demeanor by comparing himself to someone stuck in line at the ATM, having to wait behind an idiot who doesn’t know what they’re doing and keeps taking forever. That’s his every waking moment and Taylor-Johnson certainly tapped into that with his performance.

WandaVision: How Monica Rambeau Fits in the MCU

By Delia Harrington

WandaVision: The Endgame Is In Sight

By Don Kaye

In terms of action, Taylor-Johnson’s Quicksilver wasn’t quite as fun as Peters’, but he had his moments. The closest thing he really had to the slow-mo rescue scenes was a short sequence that had him punch Captain America and foolishly attempt to pull Mjolnir out of the air. There was a feeling of playfulness underneath the character’s resentment at times, but he wasn’t quite the goofball of Peters’ version.

He also didn’t come off as ridiculously fast as the X-Men Quicksilver, even though that was probably for the better. Sometimes a speedster can be impossible to write for and believe in. Taylor-Johnson’s version was still impressively quick and a danger to any enemy, but he didn’t come off as unbeatable.

Unfortunately for this version of Quicksilver, his relationship with Scarlet Witch was arguably his undoing. The Quicksilver of the X-Men films wasn’t held down by his siblings and got to stand on his own, but MCU Quicksilver was treated as an extension of Wanda and her story. That made him expendable by the time the movie was ready to wrap up.

The Maximoff twins went from being Ultron’s lackies battling against the Avengers to betraying Ultron and joining the good guys. In the end, Quicksilver sacrificed himself to save Hawkeye, and despite his gift for speed, it was a believable death, and felt far weightier than the way such character exits had been approached in the past.

As far as the MCU was concerned, Pietro Maximoff’s story was over. Wanda, however, had a new life waiting for her as an Avenger.

LAP 4 – X-MEN: APOCALYPSE

In the X-Men universe, Quicksilver showed up again in 2016’s X-Men: Apocalypse. It took place about a decade after Days of Future Past, reminding us that Peters’ Quicksilver is like thirty years older than Taylor-Johnson’s Quicksilver. Ah, these X-Men movies and their screwy timeline.

Quicksilver’s arc in this film ultimately showed the innate problems of the later X-Men movies. When Magneto joined the mad mutant Apocalypse as one of his Four Horsemen, Peter Maximoff finally realized that Magneto was his father and tried to find him. This led to another fantastic slow-motion scene where he single handedly evacuated the X-Men’s school during an explosion to the song “Sweet Dreams” by the Eurythmics.

But Quicksilver’s larger arc in the movie remained unsatisfying, and he and Magneto never came to terms with the question of their relationship. Peter may have survived the final battle with Apocalypse, but he also was ignored in what should have been his big moment. Magneto and Quicksilver’s relationship was a card only Fox could have played and they fumbled it. It remains a missed opportunity for both characters.

Funny enough, around this time, Marvel Comics was going the opposite direction and placed a narrative wedge between the characters when Scarlet Witch and Quicksilver discovered that Magneto wasn’t actually their father after all. Though at the same time, it came across that Scarlet Witch may have altered reality to make that true. Regardless, it looked like Marvel was trying to go out of their way to sever Magneto from the twins’ existence.

FINAL LAP – DARK PHOENIX

Outside of a hilarious cameo in Deadpool 2, the Fox version of Quicksilver next appeared in 2019’s Dark Phoenix, the final film in the main X-Men franchise. Quicksilver only has about two and a half minutes of screentime. Halfway into the movie, he makes a slow-motion run at Jean Grey, loses his footing, tumbles, and is forgotten about for the rest of the picture. And his connection to Magneto? Never even mentioned.

Back in the MCU, Pietro remained just a memory, one more trauma stacked upon trauma in the life of Wanda Maximoff. There was already the death of her parents and the horrible experimentation. Soon after, there was the trauma of the innocent blood on her hands, her incarceration, and her role in the death of Vision. It wasn’t until the third episode of WandaVision where Wanda even talked about her long-lost brother.

Wanda could puppet Vision’s android corpse and surround herself with people forced to be friendly to her, but the horrible loss of her brother was something she couldn’t undo. Or it was something she refused to undo. While we still don’t get the reasoning behind what’s going on, the Evan Peters version of Quicksilver popped into Westview, NJ to see his long-lost sister, all while acting like Uncle Jesse from Full House.

We have four episodes to go, but we’re left wondering what this truly means. Will Peters’ Quicksilver outright be a replacement for the disgruntled counterpart who died at Ultron’s hand? Will the joke run its course and he’ll be sent away where he came from? Will this be the big moment that instigates the existence of mutants in the greater Marvel Cinematic Universe, giving credence to the overused internet joke of Wanda demanding, “No, MORE mutants!”?

Whatever it is, it’s a special moment. The Evan Peters Quicksilver not only finally has a super-powered relative who seems to give a damn about him, but as the first link to the X-Men in the MCU (big or small, we’ll see), he finally gets the spotlight he deserves.

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Now let’s see how long until Deadpool finally shows his scarred face.

The post A Tale of Two Pietros: Explaining the MCU X-Men Problem With a Mutant Speedster appeared first on Den of Geek.

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kansascitymoseptictankinsta · 5 years ago

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TIPS FOR THE SEPTIC TANK INSTALLATION KANSAS CITY MO OF SEPTIC DUCT AND SUMIDOURO

Septic tanks are primary treatment units for domestic sewage in which the solid matter contained in the sewage is separated and transformed read here.

Septic tanks, a complementary and necessary improvement to homes, are fundamental in combating diseases Septic Tank Installation Kansas City MO, worms and endemics (such as cholera), as they prevent the release of human waste directly into rivers, lakes, springs or even on the surface of the soil. Its use is essential for improving the hygiene conditions of rural populations.

Hire us by: 605-291-3006 & [email protected]

This type of pit is nothing more than a buried tank, which receives the sewage (waste and wastewater), retains the solid part and begins the biological process of purifying the liquid part (effluent).

But it is necessary that these effluents are filtered in the soil to complete the biological purification process and eliminate the risk of contamination.

The septic tanks should not be too close to the houses (to avoid a bad smell) or too far (to avoid very long pipes). The recommended distance is 4 meters.

They must be built on the side of the bathroom, to avoid curves in the pipes. They must also be located at a lower level of the land and away from wells or any other source of water intake (at least 30 meters away), to avoid contamination in the event of any leakage.

The size of the septic tank depends on the number of people in the house. It is sized according to an average consumption of 200 liters of water per person, per day. However, its capacity should never be less than 1000 liters.

The smallest pre-cast pit has a capacity of 1,000 liters, measuring 1.1X1.1 meters (height X diameter).

For larger volumes it is recommended that the height be more than twice the diameter.

The septic tank made on site has a rectangular or circular shape. To work well, they must have the following dimensions:

The execution of this type of septic tank starts by digging the hole where the pit will be buried in the ground.

The bottom of the hole must be compacted, leveled and covered with a layer of 5 cm of thin concrete, (1 bag of cement, 8 liters of sand, 11 Ltd of gravel and 2 Ltd of water, the measuring can is 18 liters ) a 6 cm thick reinforced concrete slab is made on lean concrete (1 bag of cement, 4 l of sand, 6 l of gravel and 1.5 l of water), iron mesh 4.2 every 20 cm.

The walls are made with solid brick, or ceramic, or with a concrete block. During the execution of the masonry, the entrance and exit tubes of the pit (100mm tubes) must already be placed, and grooves must be left to fit the separation plates of the chambers, in the case of a retagular pit.

The internal walls of the pit must be lined with cement-based mortar (1 cement bag, 5 liters of sand and 2 liters of lime.

The circular septic tank, the one with the greatest stability, is used for foam retainers at the entrance and at the exit, 90 degree PVC tees with a diameter of 100mm.

In the rectangular septic tank the separation of the chambers (baffles), and the cover of the pit are made with precast concrete plates. To separate the chambers, five plates are required: two inlet and three outlet. These plates are four centimeters thick and the screen-shaped armor.

The lid is subdivided into plates, to facilitate its execution and even its removal, 5 cm thick plates and its frame is also made in the form of a canvas.

The sewage network of the house must initially pass through an inspection box, which serves to maintain Septic Tank Installation Kansas City MO the system, facilitating unblocking, this box must be 60 cm X 60 cm and 50 cm deep, built about 2 meters away of the House. Box built in masonry, or pre-molded, with concrete cover.

There are two ways to distribute the effluents in the soil:

The use of one or the other will depend on the type of soil, the resources available for its execution.

Consult a qualified professional or CAESB itself, before defining the best option. INFILTRATION Ditches

Recommended for places where the water table is close to the surface.

This system consists of the excavation of one or more trenches, in which drain tubes are placed with crushed stone, or bamboo, prepared to work with a drain removing the core, which allows, along its length, to drain the effluents from the soil. of the septic tank.

The total length of the ditches depends on the type of soil and the amount of effluents to be treated. On sandy terrain 8 m of ditches per person are sufficient. On clay terrains, 12m of trenches are required Septic Tank Installation Kansas City MO per person. However, for the system to function properly, each line of pipes should not be more than 30m in length. Therefore, depending on the number of people and the type of terrain, more than one line of pipes / ditches may be required.

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mommy-and-leader · 5 years ago

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The Impact of Federal and State Healthcare Policies on Consumer Costs

When it comes to Federal and State policies, many Americans, especially in low or middle America, choose not to keep up due to mundane policies, or (more likely of recent) the inflammatory political climate. Many middle or low-income Americans believe that the government policies will not affect them in their average daily life, however, that cannot be more wrong. Especially in health care. This decade has seen an explosive political climate surrounding healthcare, and even healthcare reform.

Since the inception of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, the way that we access health insurance and healthcare, as well as the way we pay for said insurance and healthcare, has completely changed. This reform of our healthcare system is a hot topic of debate even ten years later. The ACA aimed to expand access to insurance (thereby increasing one's access to healthcare), limit rising health costs, increase patient and consumer protections, emphasize wellness/ prevention, and improve the system as a whole (“The Affordable Care Act”, 2011). Though most agree with these provisions and the need for protections, many do not believe that the ACA’s radical changes were a step in the right direction fiscally. Workers and employers saw increased taxes, and some saw increased premiums or increased medical costs as a result of the new policies. On the other hand, many had access to insurance and life-saving treatment that would have normally not been possible (chronically ill, low wage workers, etc). Some now had help with insurance premiums or were newly qualified as low-income under Medicaid with very little to no medical costs ahead. No matter where your opinion lies on the subject of the ACA and healthcare reform, undoubtedly if you live in this country, your healthcare or your finances were affected by this policy- in a good way or a bad way. The purpose of this article is to talk about the ACA’s impact on the American citizen.

Positive Impacts

During the first 5 years of the ACA, more than 16 million Americans obtained health insurance coverage, which accomplished the first goal of the act by increasing access to health coverage and healthcare (Roland, 2019). Many Americans that were newly insured were people with pre-existing health conditions that were previously denied private payer coverage under a pre-existing clause. The patient protections under the ACA made this practice illegal. Many young college-aged Americans were newly covered as well, as one provision allowed coverage of children under their parents’ plan up to age 26. Along with keeping adult children healthier, the ACA provided full coverage of routine preventive services, aiming to get Americans in to see the doctor before a problem presented itself; thereby preventing the development of a chronic illness, or even providing early detection of one. This provision leads to decreased healthcare costs nationally, as preventive measures are much less costly than catastrophic services resulting from avoidance of regular screenings.

The ACA is regularly referred to as Healthcare Reform, and the changes mentioned previously are not some of the more radical. One way that the ACA majorly reformed the way the average citizen approaches healthcare is through healthcare consumerism. As we are a highly capitalistic society with free-market healthcare, this is not a new idea. However, the inception of the ACA made the practice of consumerism in healthcare a necessity in many homes. Many people obtaining insurance through their employers or the healthcare marketplace had new High Deductible Health Plans (HDHP). With a HDHP, in exchange for tax breaks on health spending via a Health Savings Account, the subscriber has a high deductible in excess of $2500 that they are responsible for paying before insurance begins paying non-routine claims. This made the average American into a health consumer. As they were now responsible for paying a large portion of their healthcare, they needed to educate themselves on available services, providers, and “shop” for healthcare. Some think of this as a positive impact, as patients are empowered into taking ownership of their own healthcare. They are more active with their providers and in their treatment decisions. Some, however, think this is a negative, one of many criticisms against the ACA, some of which we will now delve into.

Negative Impacts

Many Americans complain about the burden of healthcare consumerism and high costs due to high deductible health plans the most. In 2016, 39.3% of Americans had HDHPs as their primary insurance (Thorpe et al, 2019). Though those with this type of plan have the option to make tax free contributions to a Health Savings Account (HSA), many Americans cannot afford to contribute enough to cover the costs of their deductible. This causes many who are chronically ill and need a lot of non-routine care to limit or even forego care, risking severe long-term health consequences. As about 60% of Americans have at least one chronic condition, the odds are that many Americans that need consistent care are not following through due to the costs associated (Thorpe et al, 2019). Though they have insurance, they cannot use it unless they can afford to foot a large part of the bill.

The cost of the ACA does not stop with high deductibles. Many Americans complain about new taxes that were passed into law to help pay for the ACA. Businesses are highly taxed and are also now obligated to cover 95% of their full-time employees and pay a larger portion of premiums (IRS, nd). Many of those opposed to the ACA believe that this decreases American jobs, as employers are cutting hours to avoid the obligation to pay for insurance for full-time employees. Employers are obligated to provide affordable coverage, which is defined as costing an employee no more than 9.78% of their household income in 2020 (“2020 Affordable Percentage”, 2020). If an employer does not comply with these two requirements, they must pay a penalty to the IRS, with an exception for some small businesses (IRS, nd).

For the early years of the ACA, up to 2019, businesses were not the only ones that were penalized for not complying. As health insurance was now a requirement, Americans were penalized when filing taxes if they did not have coverage for the majority of the year. For many Americans who paid for their own coverage, their premiums went up as a result of the increased liability of insurance payers, as they were now required to cover those with chronic illness. Some Americans opted out of paying sky-high premium payments and instead paid a penalty on their taxes. For these Americans, it was a lose-lose situation. President Trump repealed this tax penalty and it was foregone in 2019.

Medicaid Expansion

Each state had its own role in ACA roll out, and perhaps their largest and most controversial role included their responsibility in Medicaid expansion. Though the ACA was signed into law in 2010, Medicaid expansion was not required until January of 2014. Prior to the ACA, each state chose its own Medicaid eligibility requirements for the standard coverage categories of low-income families, children, pregnant women, the disabled, and the elderly (“Medicaid and the ACA”, 2011). The ACA’s Medicaid required expanded coverage to include anyone under 65 who falls at or below 133% of federal poverty guidelines ($14,484 for an individual and $29,726 for a family of four at its inception) (“Medicaid and the ACA”, 2011). The Federal Government would be fully financing those that fall under this expansion from 2014-2016, then federal assistance falls as time goes on- 95% in 2017, 94% in 2018, 93% in 2019, 90% in 2020- and then the State is responsible fully for funding their Medicaid program (“Medicaid and the ACA”, 2011).

Many states went along with the Medicaid expansion with no issue, eager for reform. However, some states appealed to the Supreme Court to retain control of State Medicaid jurisdiction. In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled that states could opt out of the ACA Medicaid Expansion, as Federal Law should not mandate State Medicaid ("Where the States Stand", 2020). This Supreme Court decision left the decision in the Governor’s hands. As of this year, 14 states opted out of Medicaid expansion- WY, SD, KS, OK, TX, MO, WI, TN, MS, AL, GA, SC, NC, and FL refused to expand Medicaid, and NE opted to adopt Medicaid expansion at the inception of the ACA but still has not implemented it (“Status of State Medicaid Expansion”, 2020). The main reason for states opting out of Medicaid expansion is the fact that the state budget would be footing the bill, therefore requiring more taxpayer money. It is easily seen how State Medicaid expansion would also have positive and negative effects on State residents.

Conclusion

The federal and state health care policies discussed above have an impact on consumer costs in more ways than one. First, both federal and state policies require tax payments for funding. Secondly, the success or failure of the policy may have a positive or negative impact financially on the consumer. As we discussed previously, the ACA aimed to reduce healthcare costs by promoting wellness and routine services. Expansion of coverage to less healthy persons had a negative effect on consumer costs, as in the pre-existing clause example. This article was written on very well known legislation, and many Americans can easily voice an opinion on the ACA and Medicaid expansion when asked; however, there is legislation that goes through routinely that is not so public that also affects consumer costs. It is important for all Americans to keep up with public policy and be active in voting to ensure that their opinion is considered. Legislation can change with changes in the field and changes in political administration, which makes it even more important that consumers stay current on healthcare policy.

References

2020 Affordable Percentage for Employer Health Coverage Shrinks. (2020). Mercer Law. Retrieved from: https://www.mercer.com/our-thinking/law-and-policy-group/affordable-percentage-for-employer-health-coverage-shrinks.html#:~:text=The%20Affordable%20Care%20Act%20(ACA,%25%2C%20according%20to%20IRS%20Rev.

Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act. (2011). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved from: https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/states-implement-health-reform-medicaid-and-the.aspx

Roland, J. (2019). The Pros and Cons of Obamacare. Healthline. Retrieved from: https://www.healthline.com/health/consumer-healthcare-guide/pros-and-cons-obamacare

Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions: Interactive Map. (2020). Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved from: https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions-interactive-map/

The Affordable Care Act: A Brief Summary. (2011). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved from: https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/the-affordable-care-act-brief-summary.aspx

Thorpe, K. Calder, K. Hyde, A. Weidner, L. (2019). The Challenges Of High-Deductible Plans For Chronically Ill People. Health Affairs. Retrieved from: https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20190416.47741/full/

US Internal Revenue Service (IRS). (nd). Questions and Answers on Employer Shared Responsibility Provisions Under the Affordable Care Act. IRS Official Website. Retrieved from: https://www.irs.gov/affordable-care-act/employers/questions-and-answers-on-employer-shared-responsibility-provisions-under-the-affordable-care-act#Affordability

Where the states stand on Medicaid expansion. (2020). Advisory Board Daily Briefing. Retrieved from: https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/resources/primers/medicaidmap?wt.ac=slideshow_spc_tool_revcycle__medicaidmap_2

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