China Raises Retirement Age for First Time Since 1950s
In a historic policy shift, China has announced a gradual increase in retirement age, marking the first adjustment since the 1950s. The decision, approved by the top legislative body on Friday, aims to tackle the challenges posed by an ageing population and a strained pension system.
Starting January 1, 2025, the statutory retirement age will be raised from 50 to 55 for women in blue-collar jobs and from 55 to 58 for those in white-collar roles. For men, the retirement age will increase from 60 to 63. These changes will be implemented progressively over the next 15 years.
The reform comes as China faces mounting pressure from a rapidly ageing population and a pension system under financial strain. Currently, China’s retirement ages are among the lowest globally, necessitating this significant policy overhaul. The new plan also introduces additional requirements for pension contributions. Beginning in 2030, employees will need to make larger contributions to the social security system. By 2039, a minimum of 20 years of contributions will be required to qualify for a pension.
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has previously warned that the main state pension fund could be exhausted by 2035, a projection made before the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic was fully understood. The policy changes are intended to extend working years and increase pension contributions to address these concerns.
China's population has been shrinking for two consecutive years, with a declining birth rate and an increasing average life expectancy of 78.2 years. This demographic shift is placing additional pressure on the pension system.
Reactions to the announcement have been mixed. On Chinese social media platform Weibo, some users expressed frustration and speculated that retirement age might be further extended in the future. Others accepted the changes, noting that they align with global trends in retirement age.
With approximately 300 million people aged 50 to 60 expected to retire over the next decade, China faces a significant challenge in managing its pension system. The effectiveness of these new policies in ensuring the system's sustainability and meeting the needs of its ageing population will be closely monitored.
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