#Bn Ki-Moon

[seo1code-blog]

What is a valid #Hreflang ?

What is a valid Hreflang?

Sometimes users of our Hreflang testing tool see an error like this and get baffled:

Invalid hreflang (en_US) found in HTML.

Why is en_US incorrect? Because the correct way to write a language code is with dashes, not underscores. The correct value is en-US.

What are valid values for Hreflang?

A valid hreflang can be specified as:

A 2-character language code (e.g. “en“), or

a combination of language and region code (e.g. “en-US“), or

a combination of language and script code (e.g. “sr-Cyrl” or “sr-Latn“), or

a combination of language, script and region codes (e.g. “sr-hu-Latn“)

A special value of “x-default”, used for country/language selectors and redirector pages. These pages are not specific to any language/locale. Users either choose their language/country (e.g. from a map or dropdown box), or the website uses the IP address of the visitor to this page and automatically redirects them to the page that is appropriate for them.

Examples of invalid Hreflang

Here are some examples of invalid language codes found recently by the online testing tool. See if you can figure out why these codes are incorrect:

en_US: Underscore used instead of hyphen

en-en: The second “en” is incorrect because “en” is not a valid region code.

en-UK: “uk” is not a valid region code. Use “en-GB”.

us-en: The order is inverted. It should be “en-US”.

ua: ua is not a language code. It is a region code. So it is incorrect to use it by itself, i.e. without a language code.

cmn-CN: The country code for China is correct (this page was in Chinese and the URL was a .cn URL. The language code is incorrect.

Valid Codes for Reference

Valid Language Codes (2-character ISO-639-1 Codes)

A list of valid 2-character language codes is as follows (the format is ISO 639-1): aa, ab, ae, af, ak, am, an, ar, as, av, ay, az, ba, be, bg, bh, bi, bm, bn, bo, br, bs, ca, ce, ch, co, cr, cs, cu, cv, cy, da, de, dv, dz, ee, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, ff, fi, fj, fo, fr, fy, ga, gd, gl, gn, gu, gv, ha, he, hi, ho, hr, ht, hu, hy, hz, ia, id, ie, ig, ii, ik, io, is, it, iu, ja, jv, ka, kg, ki, kj, kk, kl, km, kn, ko, kr, ks, ku, kv, kw, ky, la, lb, lg, li, ln, lo, lt, lu, lv, mg, mh, mi, mk, ml, mn, mr, ms, mt, my, na, nb, nd, ne, ng, nl, nn, no, nr, nv, ny, oc, oj, om, or, os, pa, pi, pl, ps, pt, qu, rm, rn, ro, ru, rw, sa, sc, sd, se, sg, si, sk, sl, sm, sn, so, sq, sr, ss, st, su, sv, sw, ta, te, tg, th, ti, tk, tl, tn, to, tr, ts, tt, tw, ty, ug, uk, ur, uz, ve, vi, vo, wa, wo, xh, yi, yo, za, zh, zu

Valid Region Codes (2-character ISO-3166-1 Codes)

And here are all the valid region codes (ISO 3166-1 Alpha 2 format; note that the code for the United Kingdom is “GB”, not “UK”): AD, AE, AF, AG, AI, AL, AM, AO, AQ, AR, AS, AT, AU, AW, AX, AZ, BA, BB, BD, BE, BF, BG, BH, BI, BJ, BL, BM, BN, BO, BQ, BR, BS, BT, BV, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CC, CD, CF, CG, CH, CI, CK, CL, CM, CN, CO, CR, CU, CV, CW, CX, CY, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, EH, ER, ES, ET, FI, FJ, FK, FM, FO, FR, GA, GB, GD, GE, GF, GG, GH, GI, GL, GM, GN, GP, GQ, GR, GS, GT, GU, GW, GY, HK, HM, HN, HR, HT, HU, ID, IE, IL, IM, IN, IO, IQ, IR, IS, IT, JE, JM, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KI, KM, KN, KP, KR, KW, KY, KZ, LA, LB, LC, LI, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, LY, MA, MC, MD, ME, MF, MG, MH, MK, ML, MM, MN, MO, MP, MQ, MR, MS, MT, MU, MV, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NC, NE, NF, NG, NI, NL, NO, NP, NR, NU, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PF, PG, PH, PK, PL, PM, PN, PR, PS, PT, PW, PY, QA, RE, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SG, SH, SI, SJ, SK, SL, SM, SN, SO, SR, SS, ST, SV, SX, SY, SZ, TC, TD, TF, TG, TH, TJ, TK, TL, TM, TN, TO, TR, TT, TV, TW, TZ, UA, UG, UM, US, UY, UZ, VA, VC, VE, VG, VI, VN, VU, WF, WS, YE, YT, ZA, ZM, ZW

Valid Script Codes (4-character ISO 15924 Codes)

All valid script codes are as follows (the format is ISO 15924): Adlm, Afak, Aghb, Ahom, Arab, Aran, Armi, Armn, Avst, Bali, Bamu, Bass, Batk, Beng, Bhks, Blis, Bopo, Brah, Brai, Bugi, Buhd, Cakm, Cans, Cari, Cham, Cher, Cirt, Copt, Cprt, Cyrl, Cyrs, Deva, Dsrt, Dupl, Egyd, Egyh, Egyp, Elba, Ethi, Geok, Geor, Glag, Goth, Gran, Grek, Gujr, Guru, Hang, Hani, Hano, Hans, Hant, Hatr, Hebr, Hira, Hluw, Hmng, Hrkt, Hung, Inds, Ital, Java, Jpan, Jurc, Kali, Kana, Khar, Khmr, Khoj, Kitl, Kits, Knda, Kore, Kpel, Kthi, Lana, Laoo, Latf, Latg, Latn, Leke, Lepc, Limb, Lina, Linb, Lisu, Loma, Lyci, Lydi, Mahj, Mand, Mani, Marc, Maya, Mend, Merc, Mero, Mlym, Modi, Mong, Moon, Mroo, Mtei, Mult, Mymr, Narb, Nbat, Nkgb, Nkoo, Nshu, Ogam, Olck, Orkh, Orya, Osge, Osma, Palm, Pauc, Perm, Phag, Phli, Phlp, Phlv, Phnx, Plrd, Prti, Rjng, Roro, Runr, Samr, Sara, Sarb, Saur, Sgnw, Shaw, Shrd, Sidd, Sind, Sinh, Sora, Sund, Sylo, Syrc, Syre, Syrj, Syrn, Tagb, Takr, Tale, Talu, Taml, Tang, Tavt, Telu, Teng, Tfng, Tglg, Thaa, Thai, Tibt, Tirh, Ugar, Vaii, Visp, Wara, Wole, Xpeo, Xsux, Yiii

[marymosley]

Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In India?

 Let me begin on a bitter note by expressing my profuse disappointment and utmost disenchantment with the continuous and callous disregard of more than 19 crore people living in different parts of UP which is more than 10 small states put together by Centre since 1947 till 2019! Why is it that only Eastern UP has high court at Allahabad and a single bench at Lucknow and all the other regions like Western UP, Bundelkhand and Purvanchal etc have been completely disregarded and denied their legitimate share by giving them at least one high court bench? Why no government in Centre has ever taken any initiative to correct this worst injustice since 1947 till now in 2019? It is UP where maximum cases of crimes takes place and West UP alone owes for more than half of the total cases in UP and yet it has not even a single bench of high court even though Justice Jaswant Singh Commission headed by former Supreme Court Judge Jaswant Singh categorically recommended bench for West UP in early 1980s even though on its historic recommendations benches were created in Aurangabad in Maharashtra and Madurai in Tamil Nadu and other places!

Which state has maximum districts in India – 75? UP! Which state sends maximum MPs to Lok Sabha – 80? UP! Which state sends maximum MPs to Rajya Sabha – 31? UP! Which state sends maximum members to Vidhan Sabha – 404? UP!

Which state sends maximum representation to Vidhan Parishad – 100? UP! Which state elects maximum Mayors? Which state elects maximum representatives at all levels? UP! Which state has maximum population which is more than 19 crore as per 2011 census even though in public rallies UP CM Yogi Adityanath and PM Narendra Modi keep saying more than 22 crore? UP!

Which state has maximum villages more than one lakh even though no other state has more than few thousand villages at the most? UP! Which state has maximum poverty? UP! Which state has maximum cities which is more than 700? UP!

Which state has maximum crime to the extent that former UN Secretary General Ban ki moon had slammed UP as the “rape and crime capital of India”? UP! Here too which part of UP owes for more than 52% of pending cases of UP and yet has no high court bench? West UP! Which state has maximum pending cases which is more than the cases of 10 states put together? UP! Which state owes for maximum dowry deaths? UP! Which state owes for maximum custodial deaths? UP! Which state has maximum pending cases in lower courts more than 65 lakhs? UP!

Which state has maximum pending cases of communal violence and riots as we saw in Muzaffarnagar in 2013, Meerut riots in 1988, Bareilly riots, Agra riots etc all in Western part? UP! Which state has maximum pending cases of rape, molestation, murder and other crimes against women? UP! Which state has maximum strength of Judges both in high court at 160 and in lower courts at 5000? UP! Which state has maximum vacancies of Judges? UP! Which state has sent maximum PM which includes Narendra Modi from Varanasi? UP!

The larger point that I want to make here is this: Why is it that Allahabad High Court tops among all states when it comes to the number of pending cases which is more than 10 lakhs whereas most of other states have not more than one lakh cases and still Centre is busy creating more and more high court benches for them with latest at Jalpaiguri for just a handful of districts! Assam till a few years ago had 7 high court benches but after Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were given separate high courts, it now stands reduced to 4! But Allahabad High Court which is the biggest court not just in India but in whole of Asia with so vast a jurisdiction and also one of the oldest high court in India has just one! This is certainly most shameful!

Lamentably, even small states like Sikkim, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, etc with just about 6 lakh population, 29 lakh , 36 lakh, 27 lakh have high courts but West UP with more than 9 crore population has not even a single bench of high court! Even Andaman and Nicobar islands with just 3 lakh population has bench but not West UP with more than 9 crore population!

Not just this, Centre has always ensured that this high court has maximum vacancies of Judges which is highest in country with more than half of seats which stands at 160 keep lying vacant! Is this fair? Is Centre not aware that Allahabad High Court needs “special attention” and not “special neglect”? Allahabad High Court is biggest court not just in India but in whole of Asia with maximum High Court Judges and maximum District Judges and also Judges at lower level still it has the least bench in India – only one!

Is Centre not aware that Justice Jaswant Singh Commission had categorically pointed out that West UP owes for about 57% of the total pending cases which is more than half of the total pending cases in UP still why its landmark recommendation to create a bench here to take care of nearly 40 districts at Agra with circuit benches at Nainital and Dehradun overlooked? Why not a single bench approved for UP? It must be investigated by a retired CJI or a retired Judge of Supreme Court!

Why when Sampoornanand recommended a high court bench to be created at Meerut in 1955 after more than 100 elected representatives met him and convinced him of the dire need of the same did Nehru refuse? Why when even other UP CM like ND Tiwari, Rajnath Singh and others recommended was bench not approved? Why when bench could be created at Lucknow in 1948 could a bench not be created at Meerut which is more than 700 km away? Why when Kapil Sibal wanted a high court bench to be created at Meerut when he was Union Law Minister as another Union Minister RPN Singh had disclosed but the then UP CM Akhilesh Yadav objected did Centre not listen to its own reputed and one of the most reputed jurist of India? Why Centre said that the recommendation made by Law Commission in its fourth report in 1955 recommended against creating more benches and so West UP could not be given a bench conveniently overlooked everything when it came to other states and kept on creating benches there and also overlooked that the Law Commission in its 230th report in 2009 recommended creation of more benches yet West UP and other parts of UP like Bundelkhand were overlooked for benches?

Why Centre took no time to create 2 more high court benches for Karnataka with just 6 crore population which is less than even West UP population alone and which already had a bench at Hubli for just 4 and 8 districts at Gulbarga and Dharwad respectively but for 26 districts and more than 9 crore people of West UP not a single bench was approved even though the lawyers here keep going on strike as they did thrice like once in 2001 for 6 months from July to December and for 3 to 4 months as they did in 2014-15 and for one month as they did in 2010 and for many weeks as they keep doing every year apart from the strikes on Saturdays for last 38 years and many times even on Wednesdays? Why Centre disregarded the most commendable recommendation made by one of the most eminent jurist of India – Soli J Sorabjee who as Attorney General in 2001had categorically recommended that, “Centre is empowered to create a high court bench in West UP without any recommendation from the Chief Justice or Chief Minister or anyone else in this regard”? Why Centre even disregarded what former Chairman of Supreme Court Bar Association BN Krishnamani said that, “Only by the creation of a high court bench in any of the districts in West UP will the people living there get real justice”?

Why Centre approves one more bench for Mumbai high court at Kolhapur for just 6 districts which already had 3 benches at Panaji, Aurangabad and Nagpur just recently in 2018 itself but cites 100 reasons for not creating a single more bench for Allahabad High Court in any hook and corner of UP leave alone West UP? Why Centre from 1947 till 2019 has taken the stand that, “Ask anything for UP but not a high court bench as only Lucknow deserves it”? What rubbish!

If Lucknow is capital then so are Bhopal which is capital of Madhya Pradesh, Dehradun which is capital of Uttarakhand, Bhubaneshwar which is capital of Odisha, Dispur which is capital of Assam, Raipur which is capital of Chhattisgarh and Thiruvanathapuram which is capital of Kerala yet they have neither high court nor bench! Also, Lucknow’s area jurisdiction is just 62,00 square km and that of West UP is 98,933 square km! The number of districts which come under the jurisdiction of Lucknow bench is just 12 and that of West UP is 26! The population of districts under Lucknow jurisdiction stands nowhere as compared to West UP whose population at more than 9 crore is more than any other state except UP of which it is itself a part, Maharashtra and Bihar and here too areawise West UP has 98,933 square km and that of Bihar is just 94,000 square km!

Why catchy slogans like “speedy justice”, “justice at doorsteps” and “cheap justice” not implemented for West UP and other remote areas of UP by creating more benches here? Why Mayawati wanted high court itself for West UP by recommending to Centre that it be made a separate state way back in 1995 but Centre is not ready to concede even a bench for West UP? Why is BJP a blind follower of Congress in this regard and till now has ensured that not a single high court bench is created in any hook and corner of UP except the one created already by Nehru 70 years ago in 1948 at Lucknow?

This despite the fact that former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee had thundered in Parliament way back in 1986 as Opposition Leader demanding the creation of a High Court Bench in West UP and Yogi Adityanath who is now UP CM also himself thundered while demanding for a High Court Bench at Gorakhpur way back in 1998 right inside Parliament but 20 years later we don’t see any High Court Bench anywhere being created in UP! One can understand that Vajpayee didn’t enjoy majority but Modi has it but we see no action forthcoming on this so far even though he is taking other steps for UP like pompously inaugurating the 14 lane highway connecting Delhi with Meerut and other districts of West UP in which many crores of rupees have been spent which will reduce the time limit from Meerut to Delhi from 2 hours to just 45 minutes which is commendable but what about high court bench in West UP which is affecting the litigants of 26 districts most adversely due to which they are still compelled to travel more than 700 km all the way to Allahabad whole night without reservation many times and bear all sorts of inconveniences? When will action be taken on this score? Why can’t few crores be spared for creating a bench in West UP and other needy areas of UP like in Jhansi in Budelkhand and in Gorakhpur?

It is not for nothing that Union Minister Satyapal Singh demanded in Parliament the creation of 5 high court benches at Meerut, Agra, Jhansi, Gorakhpur and Varanasi but the real tragedy is that his own PM is not listening to him and not creating even one more bench anywhere else in UP other than the one which already exists at Lucknow! Similarly many other BJP MPs like former Union Minister Sanjeev Baliyan, Union Minister Gen VK Singh, Mahesh Sharma and other MPs like Rajinder Agarwal keep demanding benches but to no avail!

As per the Section 51 of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, the Centre can create a high court bench in any of these 3 states – UP, Bihar and J&K directly by bringing it up in Parliament. Centre does not need any recommendation from State Government or the Chief Justice as has been very wrongly propagated for many decades! What a national disgrace that these very 3 states – Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Bihar keep on grabbing the national news headlines for all the wrong reasons as crime incidents keep multiplying very rapidly and what is worst is Centre’s stupid and crazy determination to not allow a single more bench in all these 3 states!

It is incomprehensible why Centre can approve 3 or 4 or 5 benches for peaceful states like Maharashtra, Karnataka among others but not more than one for UP which has maximum pending cases which is more than 10 states put together! Allahabad High Court must be given its due honour and it must have maximum high court benches and not minimum! Disband all high court benches in India if Allahabad High Court cannot be given more benches, West UP cannot be given a bench nor can Bundelkhand or Gorakhpur (which is CM Yogi’s constituency and where BJP just recently lost) for people living so far away who face maximum sufferings because of this but which no PM has ever dared to address for reasons never disclosed!

This all-important issue directly affecting billions of litigants coming from all sections of society is lying largely unattended and untreated since many decades! But now not any longer! Allahabad High Court must get its due by creating more benches for it!

No one is safe in UP! Even lawyers and those in police are themselves not safe! Criminals know that it take ages for cases to be decided in UP as UP has least benches in India and maximum pending cases in India! Former UP High Court Chief Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhosale in a case involving rape of few women on national highway in Bulandshahr in West UP rightly said that there is total lawlessness in UP as compared to Maharashtra where women can travel alone in night anywhere without any fear and this I have also seen myself at Pune from where I did LLB but see the difference that Maharashtra has four high court benches with latest at Kolhapur for just 6 districts and Pune is all set to get another as CM Devendra Fadnavis has approved it for which we all must applaud him but Centre must create benches in UP also! When Maharashtra can get benches in no time then why Allahabad High Court in UP which has maximum pending cases be denied its due share? Why in last more than 70 years has a single bench more not been added for UP?

Why can’t Centre take serious steps to address this cancerous problem root and branch and not just resort to baby steps and bandaid measures like reducing time limit to reach Delhi by spending many crores of rupees on creating 14 lane national highways but doing nothing at all to create more benches anywhere in UP so that people are not compelled to travel whole night to Allahabad? Why can’t this be done? Is it such a big deal? Certainly not! Only political will needed! What a crying shame that Yogi Adityanath government has the ability to bear Rs 36,000-crore for construction of 600 km Ganga Expressway for better connectivity of Allahabad with western districts of the state and which will be the longest expressway in the world but it can’t spare just few crores for creating a high court bench in West UP for which people numbering more than 9 crore are ready to bear the expenses also!

The post Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In India? appeared first on Legal Desire.

Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In India? published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[topsolarpanels]

US scientists launch world’s biggest solar geoengineering analyze

Research programme will send aerosol injections into the earths upper atmosphere to analyze health risks and benefits of a future solar tech-fix for climate change

US scientists are set to send aerosol injections 20 km up into the earths stratosphere in the worlds biggest solar geoengineering programme to date, to analyse the potential of a future tech-fix for global warming.

The $ 20 m( 16 m) Harvard University project will launch within weeks and aims to establish whether the technology can safely simulate the atmospheric cooling effects of a volcanic eruption, if a last ditch bid to halt climate change is one day needed.

Scientists hope to complete two small-scale dispersals of first water and then calcium carbonate particles by 2022. Future tests could involve seeding the sky with aluminium oxide or even diamonds.

This is not the first or the only university survey, said Gernot Wagner, the projects co-founder, but it is most certainly the largest, and the most comprehensive.

Janos Pasztor, Ban Ki-moons assistant climate chief at the UN who now leads ageoengineering governance initiative, said that the Harvard scientists would only disperse minimal quantities of compounds in their tests, under strict university controls.

The real issue here is something much more challenging, he said What does moving experimentation from the lab into the atmosphere mean for the overall path towards eventual deployment?

Geoengineering advocates stress that any endeavor at a solar tech fix is years away and should be viewed as a compliment to not a substitute for aggressive emissions reductions action.

But the Harvard team, in a promotional video for the project, suggest a redirection of one percent of current climate mitigation funds to geoengineering research, and argue that countries around the world could be covered with a solar shield for as little as $10 bn a year.

Some senior UN climate scientists view such developments with alarm, dreading a cash drainage from proven mitigation technologies such as wind and solar energy, to ones carrying the potential for unintended catastrophes.

Kevin Trenberth, a lead author for the UNs intergovernmental panel on climate change, said that despair at sluggish climate action, and the rise of Donald Trump were feeding the current tech trend.

But solar geoengineering is not the answer, he said. Cutting incoming solar radiation affects the climate and hydrological cycle. It promotes drought. It destabilizes things and could cause wars. The side effects are many and our models are just not good enough to predict the outcomes

Natural alterations to the earths radiation balance can be short-lasting, but scaring. A 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption lowered global temperatures by 0.5 C, while the Mount Tambora eruption in 1815 triggered Europes year without a summer, bringing harvest failing, famine and disease.

A Met Office study in 2013 said that the dispersal of fine particles in the stratosphere could precipitate a calamitous drought across North Africa.

Frank Keutsch, the Harvard atmospheric sciences professor leading the experiment, said that the deployment of a solar geoengineering system was a terrifying prospect that he hoped would never have to be considered. At the same hour, we should never opt ignorance over knowledge in a situation like this, he said.

If you set heat into the stratosphere, it may change how much water get transported from the troposphere to the stratosphere, and the question is how much are you[ creating] a domino effect with all kinds of consequences? What we can do to quantify this is to start with laboratory surveys and try to understand the relevant properties of these aerosols.

Stratospheric controlled perturbation experiments( SCoPEX) are seen as critical to this process and the first is planned to spray water molecules into the stratosphere to create a 1km long and 100 m broad icy plume, which can be studied by a manoeuvrable flight balloon.

If lab exams are positive, the experimentation would then be replicated with a limestone compound which the researchers believe will neither assimilate solar or terrestrial radiation , nor deplete the ozone layer.

Bill Gates and other foundations are substantially funding the project, and aerospace companies are thought to be taking a business those who are interested in the technologys potential.

The programmmes launch are as follows a major conference involving more than 100 scientists, which begins in Washington DC today.

Solar geoengineerings journey from the periphery of climate science to its mainstream will be sealed at a prestigious Gordon research meeting in July, featuring senior figures from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration( NOAA) and Oxford University.

Pasztor says that most scientific observers now see the window to a 1.5 C warmed world as practically run and notes that atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will continue rising for many decades after countries around the world has reached a net zero emissions point planned for mid-late century.

But critics of solar radiation management approach this as a call to redouble mitigation efforts and guard against the altitude of a questionable Plan B.

It is appropriate that we spend money on solar geoengineering research, said Kevin Anderson, the deputy director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. But we also have to aim for 2C with climate mitigation and act as though geoengineering doesnt work, because it probably wont.

Read more: www.theguardian.com

The post US scientists launch world’s biggest solar geoengineering analyze appeared first on Top Rated Solar Panels.

from Top Rated Solar Panels http://ift.tt/2g1uPTD via IFTTT

[trafonauta]

Emberek úton // képek a 4-6-oson, vitaszínház a klímavándorlásról + Mundruczó: Winterreise

A Journeys Festival International programjain menekült művészek munkáit – vagy művészeti projekteken keresztül a menekülő emberek tapasztalatait – lehet megismerni. A Trafó 2017-ben a több éven keresztül futó fesztivál egyik európai partnere.

A Journeys keretében a menekültválságra figyelmet felhívó képek kerülnek a 4-6-os combinóra május közepétől (ezek előfutárait láthatjátok már pár hete a Trafó külsején is), május 17-én pedig a Víz/választó vitaszínházban szakértők segítségével ismerhetitek meg jobban az időjárás okozta vándorlás aktuális problémáját. Május 12-13-án, a témához kapcsolódóan Mundruczó Kornél koncertszínháza, a magyarországi menekülttáborokban is készült Winterreise megy a házban.

Fotók a 4-6-oson // Nézz fel! ~ május közepétől május végéig

A  Look Up időszakos, nemzetközi kültéri kiállítás részeként az iraki Jamal Jameel és a görög Nicos Papadopolous munkái kerülnek fel a villamosokra. Jamal egy manchesteri menedékkérő- és menekült közösségből felhíváson keresztül került a projektbe, most a Salford Egyetemen tanul fotózást. A combinókra a The Beholder (A szemlélődő) című sorozatának egyik munkája kerül ki. Ezek a fotók irányított önarcképek, ezeken Jameel a manchesteri menekültekkel közösen dolgozott. 

A 37 éves Papadopolous képe a Plasticobilism című, közismert sorozatához tartozik. Ebben Playmobil figurákkal mutat rá szatirikusan súlyos emberi problémákra, így sok képe foglalkozik a menekültválsággal is. „Ezekkel a munkákkal a menekültválság – pontosabban a krízis tragikus áldozatai, a menekültek helyzete – miatt érzett gyötrődésre mutatok rá.”

Mi a Journeys? A projekt több művészeti területen keresztül – élőzene, workshop, színház, performansz, film, beszélgetés és mindenféle popup esemény – mutat be kiemelkedő menekült művészeket. A munkák nemzetközi ismertségét elindítva a Journeys célja, hogy elősegítse a beilleszkedést és a pozitív találkozásokat. 2017-ben Budapesten kívül a Journeys Festival megjelenik még – már korábban is bevont angol városok, Leicester, Manchester és Portsmouth mellett – Palermóban, Rómában és Hamburgban is.

Víz/választó ~ nyílt előadás: május 17.

 Az ember bizonyos szempontból nagyon egyszerű. Az kell, hogy legyen kábé 25 fok, lágy napsütés, kellemes szellő, meg elég étel, innivaló és néhány jófej társ. Ha valamelyik hiányzik, minden hamar nagyon rossz lesz.

A klímaváltozás lassú folyamat. Nehezen vesszük észre, pedig régóta érint mindannyiunkat. Nem csak arról van szó, hogy oké, egyszer esik a hó áprilisiban, olvadnak a gleccserek, mi itt a Kárpát-medencében úgysem süllyedhetünk el. A már mindenki számára érzékelhető pár fokos hőmérsékletváltozás is hatalmas változásokat okozott. A kiszámíthatatlan idő környezeti katasztrófákhoz, a mezőgazdaság károsodásához, ivóvízkészletek kifogyásához, vagyis szegényebb és elégedetlen emberekhez vezet. Őket aztán könnyen radikalizálhatja bármilyen hatalom, kitörhet háború. Ebből senki nem szokott jól kijönni.

Ez nem vészjósló utópia, hanem éppen létező történelem – miközben a kutatóknak olyan politikai narratívával is szembe kell nézniük, ami szerint a klímaváltozás nem is létezik, pusztán csak hit kérdése. Sokan menekülnek már ma is azért, mert a környezeti változás, akár politikai lépéseken keresztül, ellehetetlenítette a létezést az otthonukban. Az Index tavaly nyáron idézte a Világbank kutatásait, miszerint csak az ivóvízkészletekkel kapcsolatos problémák 2050-ig 1,3 milliárd embert és úgy 158 billió dollárt érintenek majd negatívan a világon.

 A Víz/választó című vitaszínházi előadás a Jorneys projekt hazai része, ami abba a szituációba helyezi a résztvevőit, amelyben a probléma konkrétan elért Magyarországra. 2086 van, elfogyott a víz. Hova és hogyan tudnánk menekülni? Kik fogadnának be minket?

A vitaszínház az InSite Drama és az Artemisszió Alapítvány közreműködésével jön létre. Diákok az edina.tarjan@artemisszio.hu címen tudnak jelentkezni, május 17-én pedig bárki beülhet a nyílt előadásra is.

Winterreise ~ május 12-13.

 Mundruczó Kornél a menekültválságra reagáló Jupiter holdja/Jupiter’s Moon (korábban Felesleges ember) című filmjének idén májusban, Cannes-ban lesz premierje. A filmről azt írják: „... olyan világban játszódik, ahol elveszítettük az erkölcsi kapaszkodókat. Zuhanunk. Elfelejtettünk felfelé nézni. Korunk Európájában, olyan sorsfordító helyzetekben, mint a menekültválság, nincs iránytűnk ahhoz, hogy hogyan kell helyes döntéseket hozni.”

 Mundruczó egy ugyanerre a témára reflektáló korábbi projektjét, a 2015 októberében bemutatott Winterreisét lehet most újra megnézni a Trafóban.

„A Téli utazás számomra az úton levés apoteózisa. Örökké úton lenni. Várakozni, nem tudni mire. Mint a Purgatóriumban. Számomra az emigránsok Purgatóriuma olyan, mint egy mindenkori menekülttábor. Mindenki odakerülhet, de senki nem tudja, mi alapján ítélkeznek felőle. Schubert traumatikus motívumai különleges lehetőséget biztosítottak a számomra, hogy az ember örök idegenségéről gondolkodhassak. És hogy feltegyem a kérdést, vajon a művészet oltalmat adhat-e, amikor létezésünk alapvető feltételei kérdőjeleződnek meg?”

bn

[laikonikexpress]

419 from the UN Sec Gen

Ha ha – had to happen: Just had a 419 scam mail from Ban Ki Moon:

  UNITED NATIONS COMPENSATION UNIT IN CONJUNCTION WITH FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA IN AFFILIATION WITH WORLD BANK. ATTENTION BENEFICIARY, Hope all is well with you and Your family?, you may not understand why this mail came to you. In regards to the recent meeting between the United Nations and the Present United States Government to restore the dignity and Economy of the Nations,Base on the Agreement with the World Bank Assistance to help and make the world a better… etc etc etc and signed off:

Making the world a better place, Mr. Ban Ki-Moon Secretary(UNITED NATIONS). Pastor REV,GEORGE NOYCE  

Regrettably I had to correct his shocking written English and remind him that I’d told him not to bother me at work and to fuck off and pester Bongo from U2.

[marymosley]

Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In India?

 Let me begin on a bitter note by expressing my profuse disappointment and utmost disenchantment with the continuous and callous disregard of more than 19 crore people living in different parts of UP which is more than 10 small states put together by Centre since 1947 till 2019! Why is it that only Eastern UP has high court at Allahabad and a single bench at Lucknow and all the other regions like Western UP, Bundelkhand and Purvanchal etc have been completely disregarded and denied their legitimate share by giving them at least one high court bench? Why no government in Centre has ever taken any initiative to correct this worst injustice since 1947 till now in 2019? It is UP where maximum cases of crimes takes place and West UP alone owes for more than half of the total cases in UP and yet it has not even a single bench of high court even though Justice Jaswant Singh Commission headed by former Supreme Court Judge Jaswant Singh categorically recommended bench for West UP in early 1980s even though on its historic recommendations benches were created in Aurangabad in Maharashtra and Madurai in Tamil Nadu and other places!

Which state has maximum districts in India – 75? UP! Which state sends maximum MPs to Lok Sabha – 80? UP! Which state sends maximum MPs to Rajya Sabha – 31? UP! Which state sends maximum members to Vidhan Sabha – 404? UP!

Which state sends maximum representation to Vidhan Parishad – 100? UP! Which state elects maximum Mayors? Which state elects maximum representatives at all levels? UP! Which state has maximum population which is more than 19 crore as per 2011 census even though in public rallies UP CM Yogi Adityanath and PM Narendra Modi keep saying more than 22 crore? UP!

Which state has maximum villages more than one lakh even though no other state has more than few thousand villages at the most? UP! Which state has maximum poverty? UP! Which state has maximum cities which is more than 700? UP!

Which state has maximum crime to the extent that former UN Secretary General Ban ki moon had slammed UP as the “rape and crime capital of India”? UP! Here too which part of UP owes for more than 52% of pending cases of UP and yet has no high court bench? West UP! Which state has maximum pending cases which is more than the cases of 10 states put together? UP! Which state owes for maximum dowry deaths? UP! Which state owes for maximum custodial deaths? UP! Which state has maximum pending cases in lower courts more than 65 lakhs? UP!

Which state has maximum pending cases of communal violence and riots as we saw in Muzaffarnagar in 2013, Meerut riots in 1988, Bareilly riots, Agra riots etc all in Western part? UP! Which state has maximum pending cases of rape, molestation, murder and other crimes against women? UP! Which state has maximum strength of Judges both in high court at 160 and in lower courts at 5000? UP! Which state has maximum vacancies of Judges? UP! Which state has sent maximum PM which includes Narendra Modi from Varanasi? UP!

The larger point that I want to make here is this: Why is it that Allahabad High Court tops among all states when it comes to the number of pending cases which is more than 10 lakhs whereas most of other states have not more than one lakh cases and still Centre is busy creating more and more high court benches for them with latest at Jalpaiguri for just a handful of districts! Assam till a few years ago had 7 high court benches but after Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were given separate high courts, it now stands reduced to 4! But Allahabad High Court which is the biggest court not just in India but in whole of Asia with so vast a jurisdiction and also one of the oldest high court in India has just one! This is certainly most shameful!

Lamentably, even small states like Sikkim, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, etc with just about 6 lakh population, 29 lakh , 36 lakh, 27 lakh have high courts but West UP with more than 9 crore population has not even a single bench of high court! Even Andaman and Nicobar islands with just 3 lakh population has bench but not West UP with more than 9 crore population!

Not just this, Centre has always ensured that this high court has maximum vacancies of Judges which is highest in country with more than half of seats which stands at 160 keep lying vacant! Is this fair? Is Centre not aware that Allahabad High Court needs “special attention” and not “special neglect”? Allahabad High Court is biggest court not just in India but in whole of Asia with maximum High Court Judges and maximum District Judges and also Judges at lower level still it has the least bench in India – only one!

Is Centre not aware that Justice Jaswant Singh Commission had categorically pointed out that West UP owes for about 57% of the total pending cases which is more than half of the total pending cases in UP still why its landmark recommendation to create a bench here to take care of nearly 40 districts at Agra with circuit benches at Nainital and Dehradun overlooked? Why not a single bench approved for UP? It must be investigated by a retired CJI or a retired Judge of Supreme Court!

Why when Sampoornanand recommended a high court bench to be created at Meerut in 1955 after more than 100 elected representatives met him and convinced him of the dire need of the same did Nehru refuse? Why when even other UP CM like ND Tiwari, Rajnath Singh and others recommended was bench not approved? Why when bench could be created at Lucknow in 1948 could a bench not be created at Meerut which is more than 700 km away? Why when Kapil Sibal wanted a high court bench to be created at Meerut when he was Union Law Minister as another Union Minister RPN Singh had disclosed but the then UP CM Akhilesh Yadav objected did Centre not listen to its own reputed and one of the most reputed jurist of India? Why Centre said that the recommendation made by Law Commission in its fourth report in 1955 recommended against creating more benches and so West UP could not be given a bench conveniently overlooked everything when it came to other states and kept on creating benches there and also overlooked that the Law Commission in its 230th report in 2009 recommended creation of more benches yet West UP and other parts of UP like Bundelkhand were overlooked for benches?

Why Centre took no time to create 2 more high court benches for Karnataka with just 6 crore population which is less than even West UP population alone and which already had a bench at Hubli for just 4 and 8 districts at Gulbarga and Dharwad respectively but for 26 districts and more than 9 crore people of West UP not a single bench was approved even though the lawyers here keep going on strike as they did thrice like once in 2001 for 6 months from July to December and for 3 to 4 months as they did in 2014-15 and for one month as they did in 2010 and for many weeks as they keep doing every year apart from the strikes on Saturdays for last 38 years and many times even on Wednesdays? Why Centre disregarded the most commendable recommendation made by one of the most eminent jurist of India – Soli J Sorabjee who as Attorney General in 2001had categorically recommended that, “Centre is empowered to create a high court bench in West UP without any recommendation from the Chief Justice or Chief Minister or anyone else in this regard”? Why Centre even disregarded what former Chairman of Supreme Court Bar Association BN Krishnamani said that, “Only by the creation of a high court bench in any of the districts in West UP will the people living there get real justice”?

Why Centre approves one more bench for Mumbai high court at Kolhapur for just 6 districts which already had 3 benches at Panaji, Aurangabad and Nagpur just recently in 2018 itself but cites 100 reasons for not creating a single more bench for Allahabad High Court in any hook and corner of UP leave alone West UP? Why Centre from 1947 till 2019 has taken the stand that, “Ask anything for UP but not a high court bench as only Lucknow deserves it”? What rubbish!

If Lucknow is capital then so are Bhopal which is capital of Madhya Pradesh, Dehradun which is capital of Uttarakhand, Bhubaneshwar which is capital of Odisha, Dispur which is capital of Assam, Raipur which is capital of Chhattisgarh and Thiruvanathapuram which is capital of Kerala yet they have neither high court nor bench! Also, Lucknow’s area jurisdiction is just 62,00 square km and that of West UP is 98,933 square km! The number of districts which come under the jurisdiction of Lucknow bench is just 12 and that of West UP is 26! The population of districts under Lucknow jurisdiction stands nowhere as compared to West UP whose population at more than 9 crore is more than any other state except UP of which it is itself a part, Maharashtra and Bihar and here too areawise West UP has 98,933 square km and that of Bihar is just 94,000 square km!

Why catchy slogans like “speedy justice”, “justice at doorsteps” and “cheap justice” not implemented for West UP and other remote areas of UP by creating more benches here? Why Mayawati wanted high court itself for West UP by recommending to Centre that it be made a separate state way back in 1995 but Centre is not ready to concede even a bench for West UP? Why is BJP a blind follower of Congress in this regard and till now has ensured that not a single high court bench is created in any hook and corner of UP except the one created already by Nehru 70 years ago in 1948 at Lucknow?

This despite the fact that former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee had thundered in Parliament way back in 1986 as Opposition Leader demanding the creation of a High Court Bench in West UP and Yogi Adityanath who is now UP CM also himself thundered while demanding for a High Court Bench at Gorakhpur way back in 1998 right inside Parliament but 20 years later we don’t see any High Court Bench anywhere being created in UP! One can understand that Vajpayee didn’t enjoy majority but Modi has it but we see no action forthcoming on this so far even though he is taking other steps for UP like pompously inaugurating the 14 lane highway connecting Delhi with Meerut and other districts of West UP in which many crores of rupees have been spent which will reduce the time limit from Meerut to Delhi from 2 hours to just 45 minutes which is commendable but what about high court bench in West UP which is affecting the litigants of 26 districts most adversely due to which they are still compelled to travel more than 700 km all the way to Allahabad whole night without reservation many times and bear all sorts of inconveniences? When will action be taken on this score? Why can’t few crores be spared for creating a bench in West UP and other needy areas of UP like in Jhansi in Budelkhand and in Gorakhpur?

It is not for nothing that Union Minister Satyapal Singh demanded in Parliament the creation of 5 high court benches at Meerut, Agra, Jhansi, Gorakhpur and Varanasi but the real tragedy is that his own PM is not listening to him and not creating even one more bench anywhere else in UP other than the one which already exists at Lucknow! Similarly many other BJP MPs like former Union Minister Sanjeev Baliyan, Union Minister Gen VK Singh, Mahesh Sharma and other MPs like Rajinder Agarwal keep demanding benches but to no avail!

As per the Section 51 of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, the Centre can create a high court bench in any of these 3 states – UP, Bihar and J&K directly by bringing it up in Parliament. Centre does not need any recommendation from State Government or the Chief Justice as has been very wrongly propagated for many decades! What a national disgrace that these very 3 states – Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Bihar keep on grabbing the national news headlines for all the wrong reasons as crime incidents keep multiplying very rapidly and what is worst is Centre’s stupid and crazy determination to not allow a single more bench in all these 3 states!

It is incomprehensible why Centre can approve 3 or 4 or 5 benches for peaceful states like Maharashtra, Karnataka among others but not more than one for UP which has maximum pending cases which is more than 10 states put together! Allahabad High Court must be given its due honour and it must have maximum high court benches and not minimum! Disband all high court benches in India if Allahabad High Court cannot be given more benches, West UP cannot be given a bench nor can Bundelkhand or Gorakhpur (which is CM Yogi’s constituency and where BJP just recently lost) for people living so far away who face maximum sufferings because of this but which no PM has ever dared to address for reasons never disclosed!

This all-important issue directly affecting billions of litigants coming from all sections of society is lying largely unattended and untreated since many decades! But now not any longer! Allahabad High Court must get its due by creating more benches for it!

No one is safe in UP! Even lawyers and those in police are themselves not safe! Criminals know that it take ages for cases to be decided in UP as UP has least benches in India and maximum pending cases in India! Former UP High Court Chief Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhosale in a case involving rape of few women on national highway in Bulandshahr in West UP rightly said that there is total lawlessness in UP as compared to Maharashtra where women can travel alone in night anywhere without any fear and this I have also seen myself at Pune from where I did LLB but see the difference that Maharashtra has four high court benches with latest at Kolhapur for just 6 districts and Pune is all set to get another as CM Devendra Fadnavis has approved it for which we all must applaud him but Centre must create benches in UP also! When Maharashtra can get benches in no time then why Allahabad High Court in UP which has maximum pending cases be denied its due share? Why in last more than 70 years has a single bench more not been added for UP?

Why can’t Centre take serious steps to address this cancerous problem root and branch and not just resort to baby steps and bandaid measures like reducing time limit to reach Delhi by spending many crores of rupees on creating 14 lane national highways but doing nothing at all to create more benches anywhere in UP so that people are not compelled to travel whole night to Allahabad? Why can’t this be done? Is it such a big deal? Certainly not! Only political will needed! What a crying shame that Yogi Adityanath government has the ability to bear Rs 36,000-crore for construction of 600 km Ganga Expressway for better connectivity of Allahabad with western districts of the state and which will be the longest expressway in the world but it can’t spare just few crores for creating a high court bench in West UP for which people numbering more than 9 crore are ready to bear the expenses also!

The post Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In India? appeared first on Legal Desire.

Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In India? published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In India?

 Let me begin on a bitter note by expressing my profuse disappointment and utmost disenchantment with the continuous and callous disregard of more than 19 crore people living in different parts of UP which is more than 10 small states put together by Centre since 1947 till 2019! Why is it that only Eastern UP has high court at Allahabad and a single bench at Lucknow and all the other regions like Western UP, Bundelkhand and Purvanchal etc have been completely disregarded and denied their legitimate share by giving them at least one high court bench? Why no government in Centre has ever taken any initiative to correct this worst injustice since 1947 till now in 2019? It is UP where maximum cases of crimes takes place and West UP alone owes for more than half of the total cases in UP and yet it has not even a single bench of high court even though Justice Jaswant Singh Commission headed by former Supreme Court Judge Jaswant Singh categorically recommended bench for West UP in early 1980s even though on its historic recommendations benches were created in Aurangabad in Maharashtra and Madurai in Tamil Nadu and other places!

Which state has maximum districts in India – 75? UP! Which state sends maximum MPs to Lok Sabha – 80? UP! Which state sends maximum MPs to Rajya Sabha – 31? UP! Which state sends maximum members to Vidhan Sabha – 404? UP!

Which state sends maximum representation to Vidhan Parishad – 100? UP! Which state elects maximum Mayors? Which state elects maximum representatives at all levels? UP! Which state has maximum population which is more than 19 crore as per 2011 census even though in public rallies UP CM Yogi Adityanath and PM Narendra Modi keep saying more than 22 crore? UP!

Which state has maximum villages more than one lakh even though no other state has more than few thousand villages at the most? UP! Which state has maximum poverty? UP! Which state has maximum cities which is more than 700? UP!

Which state has maximum crime to the extent that former UN Secretary General Ban ki moon had slammed UP as the “rape and crime capital of India”? UP! Here too which part of UP owes for more than 52% of pending cases of UP and yet has no high court bench? West UP! Which state has maximum pending cases which is more than the cases of 10 states put together? UP! Which state owes for maximum dowry deaths? UP! Which state owes for maximum custodial deaths? UP! Which state has maximum pending cases in lower courts more than 65 lakhs? UP!

Which state has maximum pending cases of communal violence and riots as we saw in Muzaffarnagar in 2013, Meerut riots in 1988, Bareilly riots, Agra riots etc all in Western part? UP! Which state has maximum pending cases of rape, molestation, murder and other crimes against women? UP! Which state has maximum strength of Judges both in high court at 160 and in lower courts at 5000? UP! Which state has maximum vacancies of Judges? UP! Which state has sent maximum PM which includes Narendra Modi from Varanasi? UP!

The larger point that I want to make here is this: Why is it that Allahabad High Court tops among all states when it comes to the number of pending cases which is more than 10 lakhs whereas most of other states have not more than one lakh cases and still Centre is busy creating more and more high court benches for them with latest at Jalpaiguri for just a handful of districts! Assam till a few years ago had 7 high court benches but after Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were given separate high courts, it now stands reduced to 4! But Allahabad High Court which is the biggest court not just in India but in whole of Asia with so vast a jurisdiction and also one of the oldest high court in India has just one! This is certainly most shameful!

Lamentably, even small states like Sikkim, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, etc with just about 6 lakh population, 29 lakh , 36 lakh, 27 lakh have high courts but West UP with more than 9 crore population has not even a single bench of high court! Even Andaman and Nicobar islands with just 3 lakh population has bench but not West UP with more than 9 crore population!

Not just this, Centre has always ensured that this high court has maximum vacancies of Judges which is highest in country with more than half of seats which stands at 160 keep lying vacant! Is this fair? Is Centre not aware that Allahabad High Court needs “special attention” and not “special neglect”? Allahabad High Court is biggest court not just in India but in whole of Asia with maximum High Court Judges and maximum District Judges and also Judges at lower level still it has the least bench in India – only one!

Is Centre not aware that Justice Jaswant Singh Commission had categorically pointed out that West UP owes for about 57% of the total pending cases which is more than half of the total pending cases in UP still why its landmark recommendation to create a bench here to take care of nearly 40 districts at Agra with circuit benches at Nainital and Dehradun overlooked? Why not a single bench approved for UP? It must be investigated by a retired CJI or a retired Judge of Supreme Court!

Why when Sampoornanand recommended a high court bench to be created at Meerut in 1955 after more than 100 elected representatives met him and convinced him of the dire need of the same did Nehru refuse? Why when even other UP CM like ND Tiwari, Rajnath Singh and others recommended was bench not approved? Why when bench could be created at Lucknow in 1948 could a bench not be created at Meerut which is more than 700 km away? Why when Kapil Sibal wanted a high court bench to be created at Meerut when he was Union Law Minister as another Union Minister RPN Singh had disclosed but the then UP CM Akhilesh Yadav objected did Centre not listen to its own reputed and one of the most reputed jurist of India? Why Centre said that the recommendation made by Law Commission in its fourth report in 1955 recommended against creating more benches and so West UP could not be given a bench conveniently overlooked everything when it came to other states and kept on creating benches there and also overlooked that the Law Commission in its 230th report in 2009 recommended creation of more benches yet West UP and other parts of UP like Bundelkhand were overlooked for benches?

Why Centre took no time to create 2 more high court benches for Karnataka with just 6 crore population which is less than even West UP population alone and which already had a bench at Hubli for just 4 and 8 districts at Gulbarga and Dharwad respectively but for 26 districts and more than 9 crore people of West UP not a single bench was approved even though the lawyers here keep going on strike as they did thrice like once in 2001 for 6 months from July to December and for 3 to 4 months as they did in 2014-15 and for one month as they did in 2010 and for many weeks as they keep doing every year apart from the strikes on Saturdays for last 38 years and many times even on Wednesdays? Why Centre disregarded the most commendable recommendation made by one of the most eminent jurist of India – Soli J Sorabjee who as Attorney General in 2001had categorically recommended that, “Centre is empowered to create a high court bench in West UP without any recommendation from the Chief Justice or Chief Minister or anyone else in this regard”? Why Centre even disregarded what former Chairman of Supreme Court Bar Association BN Krishnamani said that, “Only by the creation of a high court bench in any of the districts in West UP will the people living there get real justice”?

Why Centre approves one more bench for Mumbai high court at Kolhapur for just 6 districts which already had 3 benches at Panaji, Aurangabad and Nagpur just recently in 2018 itself but cites 100 reasons for not creating a single more bench for Allahabad High Court in any hook and corner of UP leave alone West UP? Why Centre from 1947 till 2019 has taken the stand that, “Ask anything for UP but not a high court bench as only Lucknow deserves it”? What rubbish!

If Lucknow is capital then so are Bhopal which is capital of Madhya Pradesh, Dehradun which is capital of Uttarakhand, Bhubaneshwar which is capital of Odisha, Dispur which is capital of Assam, Raipur which is capital of Chhattisgarh and Thiruvanathapuram which is capital of Kerala yet they have neither high court nor bench! Also, Lucknow’s area jurisdiction is just 62,00 square km and that of West UP is 98,933 square km! The number of districts which come under the jurisdiction of Lucknow bench is just 12 and that of West UP is 26! The population of districts under Lucknow jurisdiction stands nowhere as compared to West UP whose population at more than 9 crore is more than any other state except UP of which it is itself a part, Maharashtra and Bihar and here too areawise West UP has 98,933 square km and that of Bihar is just 94,000 square km!

Why catchy slogans like “speedy justice”, “justice at doorsteps” and “cheap justice” not implemented for West UP and other remote areas of UP by creating more benches here? Why Mayawati wanted high court itself for West UP by recommending to Centre that it be made a separate state way back in 1995 but Centre is not ready to concede even a bench for West UP? Why is BJP a blind follower of Congress in this regard and till now has ensured that not a single high court bench is created in any hook and corner of UP except the one created already by Nehru 70 years ago in 1948 at Lucknow?

This despite the fact that former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee had thundered in Parliament way back in 1986 as Opposition Leader demanding the creation of a High Court Bench in West UP and Yogi Adityanath who is now UP CM also himself thundered while demanding for a High Court Bench at Gorakhpur way back in 1998 right inside Parliament but 20 years later we don’t see any High Court Bench anywhere being created in UP! One can understand that Vajpayee didn’t enjoy majority but Modi has it but we see no action forthcoming on this so far even though he is taking other steps for UP like pompously inaugurating the 14 lane highway connecting Delhi with Meerut and other districts of West UP in which many crores of rupees have been spent which will reduce the time limit from Meerut to Delhi from 2 hours to just 45 minutes which is commendable but what about high court bench in West UP which is affecting the litigants of 26 districts most adversely due to which they are still compelled to travel more than 700 km all the way to Allahabad whole night without reservation many times and bear all sorts of inconveniences? When will action be taken on this score? Why can’t few crores be spared for creating a bench in West UP and other needy areas of UP like in Jhansi in Budelkhand and in Gorakhpur?

It is not for nothing that Union Minister Satyapal Singh demanded in Parliament the creation of 5 high court benches at Meerut, Agra, Jhansi, Gorakhpur and Varanasi but the real tragedy is that his own PM is not listening to him and not creating even one more bench anywhere else in UP other than the one which already exists at Lucknow! Similarly many other BJP MPs like former Union Minister Sanjeev Baliyan, Union Minister Gen VK Singh, Mahesh Sharma and other MPs like Rajinder Agarwal keep demanding benches but to no avail!

As per the Section 51 of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, the Centre can create a high court bench in any of these 3 states – UP, Bihar and J&K directly by bringing it up in Parliament. Centre does not need any recommendation from State Government or the Chief Justice as has been very wrongly propagated for many decades! What a national disgrace that these very 3 states – Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Bihar keep on grabbing the national news headlines for all the wrong reasons as crime incidents keep multiplying very rapidly and what is worst is Centre’s stupid and crazy determination to not allow a single more bench in all these 3 states!

It is incomprehensible why Centre can approve 3 or 4 or 5 benches for peaceful states like Maharashtra, Karnataka among others but not more than one for UP which has maximum pending cases which is more than 10 states put together! Allahabad High Court must be given its due honour and it must have maximum high court benches and not minimum! Disband all high court benches in India if Allahabad High Court cannot be given more benches, West UP cannot be given a bench nor can Bundelkhand or Gorakhpur (which is CM Yogi’s constituency and where BJP just recently lost) for people living so far away who face maximum sufferings because of this but which no PM has ever dared to address for reasons never disclosed!

This all-important issue directly affecting billions of litigants coming from all sections of society is lying largely unattended and untreated since many decades! But now not any longer! Allahabad High Court must get its due by creating more benches for it!

No one is safe in UP! Even lawyers and those in police are themselves not safe! Criminals know that it take ages for cases to be decided in UP as UP has least benches in India and maximum pending cases in India! Former UP High Court Chief Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhosale in a case involving rape of few women on national highway in Bulandshahr in West UP rightly said that there is total lawlessness in UP as compared to Maharashtra where women can travel alone in night anywhere without any fear and this I have also seen myself at Pune from where I did LLB but see the difference that Maharashtra has four high court benches with latest at Kolhapur for just 6 districts and Pune is all set to get another as CM Devendra Fadnavis has approved it for which we all must applaud him but Centre must create benches in UP also! When Maharashtra can get benches in no time then why Allahabad High Court in UP which has maximum pending cases be denied its due share? Why in last more than 70 years has a single bench more not been added for UP?

Why can’t Centre take serious steps to address this cancerous problem root and branch and not just resort to baby steps and bandaid measures like reducing time limit to reach Delhi by spending many crores of rupees on creating 14 lane national highways but doing nothing at all to create more benches anywhere in UP so that people are not compelled to travel whole night to Allahabad? Why can’t this be done? Is it such a big deal? Certainly not! Only political will needed! What a crying shame that Yogi Adityanath government has the ability to bear Rs 36,000-crore for construction of 600 km Ganga Expressway for better connectivity of Allahabad with western districts of the state and which will be the longest expressway in the world but it can’t spare just few crores for creating a high court bench in West UP for which people numbering more than 9 crore are ready to bear the expenses also!

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[marymosley]

Why Should UP Have Least High Court Benches In India?

 Let me begin on a bitter note by expressing my profuse disappointment and utmost disenchantment with the continuous and callous disregard of more than 19 crore people living in different parts of UP which is more than 10 small states put together by Centre since 1947 till 2019! Why is it that only Eastern UP has high court at Allahabad and a single bench at Lucknow and all the other regions like Western UP, Bundelkhand and Purvanchal etc have been completely disregarded and denied their legitimate share by giving them at least one high court bench? Why no government in Centre has ever taken any initiative to correct this worst injustice since 1947 till now in 2019? It is UP where maximum cases of crimes takes place and West UP alone owes for more than half of the total cases in UP and yet it has not even a single bench of high court even though Justice Jaswant Singh Commission headed by former Supreme Court Judge Jaswant Singh categorically recommended bench for West UP in early 1980s even though on its historic recommendations benches were created in Aurangabad in Maharashtra and Madurai in Tamil Nadu and other places!

Which state has maximum districts in India – 75? UP! Which state sends maximum MPs to Lok Sabha – 80? UP! Which state sends maximum MPs to Rajya Sabha – 31? UP! Which state sends maximum members to Vidhan Sabha – 404? UP!

Which state sends maximum representation to Vidhan Parishad – 100? UP! Which state elects maximum Mayors? Which state elects maximum representatives at all levels? UP! Which state has maximum population which is more than 19 crore as per 2011 census even though in public rallies UP CM Yogi Adityanath and PM Narendra Modi keep saying more than 22 crore? UP!

Which state has maximum villages more than one lakh even though no other state has more than few thousand villages at the most? UP! Which state has maximum poverty? UP! Which state has maximum cities which is more than 700? UP!

Which state has maximum crime to the extent that former UN Secretary General Ban ki moon had slammed UP as the “rape and crime capital of India”? UP! Here too which part of UP owes for more than 52% of pending cases of UP and yet has no high court bench? West UP! Which state has maximum pending cases which is more than the cases of 10 states put together? UP! Which state owes for maximum dowry deaths? UP! Which state owes for maximum custodial deaths? UP! Which state has maximum pending cases in lower courts more than 65 lakhs? UP!

Which state has maximum pending cases of communal violence and riots as we saw in Muzaffarnagar in 2013, Meerut riots in 1988, Bareilly riots, Agra riots etc all in Western part? UP! Which state has maximum pending cases of rape, molestation, murder and other crimes against women? UP! Which state has maximum strength of Judges both in high court at 160 and in lower courts at 5000? UP! Which state has maximum vacancies of Judges? UP! Which state has sent maximum PM which includes Narendra Modi from Varanasi? UP!

The larger point that I want to make here is this: Why is it that Allahabad High Court tops among all states when it comes to the number of pending cases which is more than 10 lakhs whereas most of other states have not more than one lakh cases and still Centre is busy creating more and more high court benches for them with latest at Jalpaiguri for just a handful of districts! Assam till a few years ago had 7 high court benches but after Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were given separate high courts, it now stands reduced to 4! But Allahabad High Court which is the biggest court not just in India but in whole of Asia with so vast a jurisdiction and also one of the oldest high court in India has just one! This is certainly most shameful!

Lamentably, even small states like Sikkim, Tripura, Meghalaya, Manipur, etc with just about 6 lakh population, 29 lakh , 36 lakh, 27 lakh have high courts but West UP with more than 9 crore population has not even a single bench of high court! Even Andaman and Nicobar islands with just 3 lakh population has bench but not West UP with more than 9 crore population!

Not just this, Centre has always ensured that this high court has maximum vacancies of Judges which is highest in country with more than half of seats which stands at 160 keep lying vacant! Is this fair? Is Centre not aware that Allahabad High Court needs “special attention” and not “special neglect”? Allahabad High Court is biggest court not just in India but in whole of Asia with maximum High Court Judges and maximum District Judges and also Judges at lower level still it has the least bench in India – only one!

Is Centre not aware that Justice Jaswant Singh Commission had categorically pointed out that West UP owes for about 57% of the total pending cases which is more than half of the total pending cases in UP still why its landmark recommendation to create a bench here to take care of nearly 40 districts at Agra with circuit benches at Nainital and Dehradun overlooked? Why not a single bench approved for UP? It must be investigated by a retired CJI or a retired Judge of Supreme Court!

Why when Sampoornanand recommended a high court bench to be created at Meerut in 1955 after more than 100 elected representatives met him and convinced him of the dire need of the same did Nehru refuse? Why when even other UP CM like ND Tiwari, Rajnath Singh and others recommended was bench not approved? Why when bench could be created at Lucknow in 1948 could a bench not be created at Meerut which is more than 700 km away? Why when Kapil Sibal wanted a high court bench to be created at Meerut when he was Union Law Minister as another Union Minister RPN Singh had disclosed but the then UP CM Akhilesh Yadav objected did Centre not listen to its own reputed and one of the most reputed jurist of India? Why Centre said that the recommendation made by Law Commission in its fourth report in 1955 recommended against creating more benches and so West UP could not be given a bench conveniently overlooked everything when it came to other states and kept on creating benches there and also overlooked that the Law Commission in its 230th report in 2009 recommended creation of more benches yet West UP and other parts of UP like Bundelkhand were overlooked for benches?

Why Centre took no time to create 2 more high court benches for Karnataka with just 6 crore population which is less than even West UP population alone and which already had a bench at Hubli for just 4 and 8 districts at Gulbarga and Dharwad respectively but for 26 districts and more than 9 crore people of West UP not a single bench was approved even though the lawyers here keep going on strike as they did thrice like once in 2001 for 6 months from July to December and for 3 to 4 months as they did in 2014-15 and for one month as they did in 2010 and for many weeks as they keep doing every year apart from the strikes on Saturdays for last 38 years and many times even on Wednesdays? Why Centre disregarded the most commendable recommendation made by one of the most eminent jurist of India – Soli J Sorabjee who as Attorney General in 2001had categorically recommended that, “Centre is empowered to create a high court bench in West UP without any recommendation from the Chief Justice or Chief Minister or anyone else in this regard”? Why Centre even disregarded what former Chairman of Supreme Court Bar Association BN Krishnamani said that, “Only by the creation of a high court bench in any of the districts in West UP will the people living there get real justice”?

Why Centre approves one more bench for Mumbai high court at Kolhapur for just 6 districts which already had 3 benches at Panaji, Aurangabad and Nagpur just recently in 2018 itself but cites 100 reasons for not creating a single more bench for Allahabad High Court in any hook and corner of UP leave alone West UP? Why Centre from 1947 till 2019 has taken the stand that, “Ask anything for UP but not a high court bench as only Lucknow deserves it”? What rubbish!

If Lucknow is capital then so are Bhopal which is capital of Madhya Pradesh, Dehradun which is capital of Uttarakhand, Bhubaneshwar which is capital of Odisha, Dispur which is capital of Assam, Raipur which is capital of Chhattisgarh and Thiruvanathapuram which is capital of Kerala yet they have neither high court nor bench! Also, Lucknow’s area jurisdiction is just 62,00 square km and that of West UP is 98,933 square km! The number of districts which come under the jurisdiction of Lucknow bench is just 12 and that of West UP is 26! The population of districts under Lucknow jurisdiction stands nowhere as compared to West UP whose population at more than 9 crore is more than any other state except UP of which it is itself a part, Maharashtra and Bihar and here too areawise West UP has 98,933 square km and that of Bihar is just 94,000 square km!

Why catchy slogans like “speedy justice”, “justice at doorsteps” and “cheap justice” not implemented for West UP and other remote areas of UP by creating more benches here? Why Mayawati wanted high court itself for West UP by recommending to Centre that it be made a separate state way back in 1995 but Centre is not ready to concede even a bench for West UP? Why is BJP a blind follower of Congress in this regard and till now has ensured that not a single high court bench is created in any hook and corner of UP except the one created already by Nehru 70 years ago in 1948 at Lucknow?

This despite the fact that former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee had thundered in Parliament way back in 1986 as Opposition Leader demanding the creation of a High Court Bench in West UP and Yogi Adityanath who is now UP CM also himself thundered while demanding for a High Court Bench at Gorakhpur way back in 1998 right inside Parliament but 20 years later we don’t see any High Court Bench anywhere being created in UP! One can understand that Vajpayee didn’t enjoy majority but Modi has it but we see no action forthcoming on this so far even though he is taking other steps for UP like pompously inaugurating the 14 lane highway connecting Delhi with Meerut and other districts of West UP in which many crores of rupees have been spent which will reduce the time limit from Meerut to Delhi from 2 hours to just 45 minutes which is commendable but what about high court bench in West UP which is affecting the litigants of 26 districts most adversely due to which they are still compelled to travel more than 700 km all the way to Allahabad whole night without reservation many times and bear all sorts of inconveniences? When will action be taken on this score? Why can’t few crores be spared for creating a bench in West UP and other needy areas of UP like in Jhansi in Budelkhand and in Gorakhpur?

It is not for nothing that Union Minister Satyapal Singh demanded in Parliament the creation of 5 high court benches at Meerut, Agra, Jhansi, Gorakhpur and Varanasi but the real tragedy is that his own PM is not listening to him and not creating even one more bench anywhere else in UP other than the one which already exists at Lucknow! Similarly many other BJP MPs like former Union Minister Sanjeev Baliyan, Union Minister Gen VK Singh, Mahesh Sharma and other MPs like Rajinder Agarwal keep demanding benches but to no avail!

As per the Section 51 of the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, the Centre can create a high court bench in any of these 3 states – UP, Bihar and J&K directly by bringing it up in Parliament. Centre does not need any recommendation from State Government or the Chief Justice as has been very wrongly propagated for many decades! What a national disgrace that these very 3 states – Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Bihar keep on grabbing the national news headlines for all the wrong reasons as crime incidents keep multiplying very rapidly and what is worst is Centre’s stupid and crazy determination to not allow a single more bench in all these 3 states!

It is incomprehensible why Centre can approve 3 or 4 or 5 benches for peaceful states like Maharashtra, Karnataka among others but not more than one for UP which has maximum pending cases which is more than 10 states put together! Allahabad High Court must be given its due honour and it must have maximum high court benches and not minimum! Disband all high court benches in India if Allahabad High Court cannot be given more benches, West UP cannot be given a bench nor can Bundelkhand or Gorakhpur (which is CM Yogi’s constituency and where BJP just recently lost) for people living so far away who face maximum sufferings because of this but which no PM has ever dared to address for reasons never disclosed!

This all-important issue directly affecting billions of litigants coming from all sections of society is lying largely unattended and untreated since many decades! But now not any longer! Allahabad High Court must get its due by creating more benches for it!

No one is safe in UP! Even lawyers and those in police are themselves not safe! Criminals know that it take ages for cases to be decided in UP as UP has least benches in India and maximum pending cases in India! Former UP High Court Chief Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhosale in a case involving rape of few women on national highway in Bulandshahr in West UP rightly said that there is total lawlessness in UP as compared to Maharashtra where women can travel alone in night anywhere without any fear and this I have also seen myself at Pune from where I did LLB but see the difference that Maharashtra has four high court benches with latest at Kolhapur for just 6 districts and Pune is all set to get another as CM Devendra Fadnavis has approved it for which we all must applaud him but Centre must create benches in UP also! When Maharashtra can get benches in no time then why Allahabad High Court in UP which has maximum pending cases be denied its due share? Why in last more than 70 years has a single bench more not been added for UP?

Why can’t Centre take serious steps to address this cancerous problem root and branch and not just resort to baby steps and bandaid measures like reducing time limit to reach Delhi by spending many crores of rupees on creating 14 lane national highways but doing nothing at all to create more benches anywhere in UP so that people are not compelled to travel whole night to Allahabad? Why can’t this be done? Is it such a big deal? Certainly not! Only political will needed! What a crying shame that Yogi Adityanath government has the ability to bear Rs 36,000-crore for construction of 600 km Ganga Expressway for better connectivity of Allahabad with western districts of the state and which will be the longest expressway in the world but it can’t spare just few crores for creating a high court bench in West UP for which people numbering more than 9 crore are ready to bear the expenses also!

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[topsolarpanels]

US scientists launch world’s biggest solar geoengineering survey

Research programme will send aerosol injections into the earths upper atmosphere to study the risks and benefits of a future solar tech-fix for climate change

US scientists are set to send aerosol injections 20 km up into the earths stratosphere in the worlds biggest solar geoengineering programme to date, to survey the potential of a future tech-fix for global warming.

The $ 20 m( 16 m) Harvard University project will launch within weeks and aims to establish whether the technology can safely simulate the atmospheric cooling effects of a volcanic eruption, if a last ditch bid to halting climate change is one day needed.

Scientists hope to complete two small-scale dispersals of first water and then calcium carbonate particles by 2022. Future exams could involve seeding the sky with aluminium oxide or even diamonds.

This is not the first or the only university analyze, said Gernot Wagner, the projects co-founder, but it is most certainly the largest, and the most comprehensive.

Janos Pasztor, Ban Ki-moons assistant climate chief at the UN who now results ageoengineering governance initiative, said that the Harvard scientists was able to disperse minimal quantities of compounds in their tests, under strict university controls.

The real issue here is something a lot more difficult, he told What does moving experimentation from the lab into the atmosphere mean for the overall path towards eventual deployment?

Geoengineering advocates stress that any endeavor at a solar tech fixing is years away and should be viewed as a compliment to not a substitute for aggressive emissions reductions action.

But the Harvard team, in a promotional video for the project, suggest a redirection of one percent of current climate mitigation funds to geoengineering research, and argue that the planet could be covered with a solar shield for as little as $10 bn a year.

Some senior UN climate scientists view such developments with alarm, dreading a cash drain from proved mitigation technologies such as wind and solar energy, to ones carrying the potential for unintended catastrophes.

Kevin Trenberth, a lead writer for the UNs intergovernmental panel on climate change, said that despair at sluggish climate action, and the rise of Donald Trump were feeding the present tech trend.

But solar geoengineering is not the answer, he told. Cutting incoming solar radiation affects the weather and hydrological cycle. It promotes drought. It destabilizes things and could cause wars. The side effects are many and our models are just not good enough to predict the outcomes

Natural modifications to the earths radiation balance can be short-lasting, but scaring. A 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption lowered global temperatures by 0.5 C, while the Mount Tambora eruption in 1815 triggered Europes year without a summer, bringing crop failure, famine and disease.

A Met Office study in 2013 said that the dispersal of fine particles in the stratosphere could precipitate a calamitous drought across North Africa.

Frank Keutsch, the Harvard atmospheric sciences professor leading the experiment, said that the deployment of a solar geoengineering system was a terrifying prospect that he hoped would never have to be considered. At the same day, we should never opt ignorance over knowledge in a situation like this, he said.

If you set heat into the stratosphere, it may change how much water gets transported from the troposphere to the stratosphere, and the issues to is how much are you[ making] a domino effect with all kinds of consequences? What we can do to quantify this is to start with lab surveys and try to understand the relevant properties of these aerosols.

Stratospheric controlled perturbation experiments( SCoPEX) are seen as critical to this process and the first is planned to spraying water molecules into the stratosphere to create a 1km long and 100 m wide icy plume, which can be studied by a manoeuvrable flight balloon.

If lab exams are positive, the experimentation would then be replicated with a limestone compound which the researchers believe will neither absorb solar or terrestrial radiation , nor deplete the ozone layer.

Bill Gates and other foundations are substantially funding the project, and aerospace companies are thought to be taking a business interest in the technologys potential.

The programmmes launch will follow a major meeting involving more than 100 scientists, which begins in Washington DC today.

Solar geoengineerings journey from the periphery of climate science to its mainstream is likely to be sealed at a prestigious Gordon research seminar in July, featuring senior figures from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration( NOAA) and Oxford University.

Pasztor says that most scientific commentators now see the window to a 1.5 C warmed world as practically run and notes that atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will continue rising for many decades after countries around the world has reached a net zero emissions point planned for mid-late century.

But critics of solar radiation management approach this as a call to redouble mitigation efforts and guard against the altitude of a questionable Plan B.

It is appropriate that we spend money on solar geoengineering research, said Kevin Anderson, the deputy director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. But we also have to aim for 2C with climate mitigation and act as though geoengineering doesnt work, because it probably wont.

Read more: www.theguardian.com

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[topsolarpanels]

India unveils global solar alliance of 120 countries at Paris climate summit

Narendra Modi announces a new alliance of nations and industry on large-scale expansion of solar energy use in the tropics and beyond

Indias prime minister has launched an international solar alliance of over 120 countries with the French chairperson, FranASSois Hollande, at the Paris COP2 1 climate summit.

Narendra Modi told a press conference that as fossil fuel put countries around the world in peril, hopes for future prosperity in the developing world now rest on bold initiatives.

Solar technology is evolving, expenses are coming down and grid connectivity is improving, he told. The dream of universal access to clean energy is becoming more real. This will be the foundation of the new economy of the new century.

Modi described the solar alliance as the sunrise of new hope , not just for clean energy but for villages and homes still in darkness, for mornings and evening filled with a clear position of the glory of the sun.

Earlier, Frances climate change ambassador, Laurence Tubiana, had called the group a true game-changer.

While signatory nations mostly hail from the tropics, several European countries are also on board with the initiative, including France.

Hollande described the project as climate justice in action, mobilising public finance from richer states to help deliver universal energy access.

What we are putting in place is an avant garde of countries that believe in renewable energies, he told a press conference in Paris. What we are showing here is an illustration of the future Paris accord, as this initiative gives meaning to sharing technology and mobilising financial resources in an example of what we wish to do in the course of the climate conference.

The Indian government is investing an initial $30 m( APS2 0m) in setting up the alliances headquarters in India. The eventual goal is to raise $400 m from membership fees, and international agencies.

Companies involved in the project include Areva, Engie, Enel, HSBC France and Tata Steel.

It is very, very exciting to assure India nailing its colours to the mast and providing leadership on this issue, told James Watson, the director of SolarPower Europe, which represents the continents solar photovoltaic industry. It will entail more opportunities for solar across the world and that can only be positive for combating climate change.

The UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, placed the initiative in the context of the bodys sustainable development goals, particularly a related target, set in 2011, of achieving universal access to sustainable energy by 2030.

India has repeatedly said that it wants to use cheap solar to connect citizens who are currently without access to the electricity grid in remote and rural areas.

The idea is that larger marketplaces and bigger volumes will lead to lower costs, making it possible to spur demand, said Ajay Mathur, Indias senior negotiator and spokesperson at the Paris summit.

Signup

This bold endeavor could bring affordable solar power to tropical villages and communities worldwide, told Jennifer Morgan, the director of the World Research Institutes climate programme.

Indias pledge to the Paris summit offered to draw 40% of its energy from renewables by 2030. The country is projected to be the worlds most populous by then, with 1.45 billion people.

Climate Action Tracker described the promise as being at the least ambitious objective of what would be a fair contribution, and not consistent with satisfying a 2C target.

But some see Modi as a clean energy enabler, having rapidly rolled out more than 900 MW of solar energy across Gujarat when he was chief minister there.

India has emerged as the natural leader for this alliance, with its ambitious targets to install 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022, told Arunabha Ghosh, chief executive of the Council for Energy, Environment and Water in India.

Modis announcement on Monday comes hot on the heels of a pledge by the US and 18 other countries to provide $20 bn for clean energy research by 2020, a doubling of current funding commitments.

A separate Breakthrough Energy Coalition, which will act as an investment platform for clean energy projects, is also being launched on Monday by Bill Gates and the Facebook founder, Mark Zuckerberg.

On Sunday, Dubai announced a Dh1 00 bn ($ 27 bn) programme to attain solar panel mandatory for all rooftop builds by 2030, part of a plan to attain the city a global clean energy centre.

Dubai aims to generate 25% of its energy from clean sources by 2030, rising to 75% by 2050.

The Indian initiative, “ve called the” International Agency for Solar Technologies and Applications( Iasta ), aims to spread cheap solar technology across the globe with pooled policy knowledge.

We share a collective ambition to undertake innovative and concerted efforts aimed at reducing the costs of financing and urgent technological deployment for competitive solar facilities throughout our country, a membership statement by the alliance says.

It adds that the alliance will pave the way for production technologies and storage of solar energy, adapted to the specific needs of our country.

Read more: www.theguardian.com

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