#Elihu Root

[1900scartoons]

Raising 'Em In Hotbeds 

September 25, 1906

Secretary of War William H. Taft cultivates his Presidential Boom Plant in Cuba; Secretary of State Elihu Root grows his in South America.

The caption reads 'Can the secretaries transplant them in their native land?'

Taft and Root were both considered strong presidential candidates, and if their work in Cuba and South America paid off, it would hopefully serve to enhance their reputations even more.

See Also: William Howard Taft; Elihu Root

From Hennepin County Library

Original available at: https://digitalcollections.hclib.org/digital/collection/Bart/id/6849/rec/253

[unwelcome-ozian]

Do you know about any Mk ultra programs run in Australia or New Zealand?

Here are a few:

University of Adelaide in South Australia-In order to further the scientific and academic study of psi phenomena. This division of the university’s Department of Psychology, named the Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit (APRU) -Aboriginal Australians were subject to medical experiments on how they experienced pain and where body measurements and blood samples were forcibly taken.

Australian National University in Canberra, ACT-Where Leonard G.H. Huxley served as Vice-Chancellor (1960-1967). 

University of Western Australia-CIA's Human Ecology Fund gave a research grant to Professor Ronald Taft. 

Callan Park (Australia)-Cerebral Surgery and Research Unit at Callan Park Psychiatric Hospital. After his (Dr. Harry Richard Bailey) appointment, the Sydney Sunday tabloid declared in September 1957, “Human guinea pigs in test: A Sydney mental specialist and 15 other volunteers deliberately sent themselves temporarily insane in recent mental research tests.” Bailey was the man behind this experiment at Callan Park. He went on in the article to promote LSD as a hopeful method of treating “mental cases” and said that these experiments would hopefully trace the section of the brain which is affected by schizophrenia. In 1959, Bailey became the Medical Superintendent of Callan Park.

Chelmsford Private Hospital-Became Australia’s worst psychiatric disaster where over 1,400 patients were subjected to hypnotic drugs, ECT and DST in a mostly experimental fashion  without  informed  consent. The  entire  Chelmsford  medical  team were previously involved  in  a  eugenics  program  of forced  adoption  at  Sydney’s  Crown Street Hospital for Women where babies were taken from ‘unfit’ mothers and given to mothers deemed more appropriate.  A massive 64% of unwed mothers had their babies stolen at Crown Street Hospital. Harry Bailey used hypnotic drugs to make the reluctant birth mothers comply. He directly  ordered  the abortion  of  twin  foetuses  without  the  consent  of a  woman  who  was under the influence of hypnotic drugs.

Concord Military Hospital (Australia)-Leonas Petrauskas.

Crown Street Hospital for Women in Sydney- It was here that they were involved in a eugenics program of forced adoption from ‘unfit’ mothers, to ones who were deemed more appropriate. Bailey had helped to introduce methods of using hypnotic drugs to make them comply. He directly ordered the abortion of twin foetuses without a woman's consent while she was under the influence of these drugs. 64% of unwed mothers had their babies taken at Crown Street.

Engadine Medical Centre (Australia)-Leonas Petrauskas.

Cerebral Surgery and Research Unit at Callan Park Psychiatric Hospital in Sydney-September 1957, the Sydney Sunday tabloid published an article about a Callan Park experiment, headlined: ‘Human Guinea Pigs in Test: A Sydney mental health specialist and 15 other volunteers deliberately sent themselves temporarily insane in recent mental research tests.’

Milson Island in the Hawkesbury River north of Sydney-Became a MK- ULTRA  research facility.

University of Sydney, AUS-MK-ULTRA psychiatrist Martin Theodore Orne, performed an experiment titled ‘Antisocial Behaviour and Hypnosis’.

University of Sydney Psychology-Faculty  head, Alfred  Gordon  Hammer,  approved Subproject  84. Gordon  Hammer  (then  APS  Chair). Professor Martin Orne. In 1960, Professor Orne's work took him to the University of Sydney.

IIE-Financed Fulbright scholarships into Australia and the Institute was founded by Elihu Root (a founder of the Council on Foreign Relations, co-founder of the Carnegie Endowment and a member of the Pilgrim’s Society) and Stephen P. Duggan who was also a member of the CFR and known as the “apostle of internationalism”. USEFA was based at Huxley’s Australian National University during the main years of imported CIA operations.

Cherry Farm Hospital In The South Island Of New Zealand-Between 1973 and 1978 - a version of Deep Sleep Therapy was used in several wards.  used electro convulsive therapy or ECT as standard practice. Dunedin prison - who we were told would also undergo deep sleep or narcosis therapy in an especially locked-down unit of the villa. Cherry Farm was the hospital to use deep sleep therapy most; many patients were not given optimal treatment; the specific application of modified narcosis was inappropriate and applied to a large number of patients up to 1978.

Lake Alice Psychiatric Hospital (New Zealand)-Children in the 1970s were tortured with electroshock, including to their genitals, and given injections of paraldehyde, a central nervous depressant as punishment. child and adolescent unit were routinely punished with unmodified ECT (ECT without anaesthesia).

National Women’s Hospital in Auckland, NZ-Herbert Green.

Oz

[metmuseum]

Louis-Marie, Vicomte de Noailles. 1798. Credit line: Purchase, Henry R. Luce Gift, Elihu Root Jr. Bequest, Rogers Fund, Maria DeWitt Jesup Fund, Morris K. Jesup Fund and Charles and Anita Blatt Gift, 1970 https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/12672

[bulkbinbox]

pereira passos, maria rita passos, joaquim nabuco e grupo de pessoas nas escadarias do hotel white, durante o passeio de elihu root à floresta da tijuca, 3 de agosto de 1906. rio de janeiro, rj. foto de augusto malta.

[waiting-eyez]

Men do not fail; they give up trying.

(ELIHU ROOT)

[officialyourdailyinspiration]

Elihu Declares God's Justice and Power

1 Then Elihu continued and said, 2 “Bear with me a little longer, and I will explain, for I still have something to say on God’s behalf. 3 I will bring my knowledge from far away, and I will ascribe righteousness to my maker, 4 for truly my words are not falsehood; one who has perfect knowledge is with you. 5 Look, God is mighty but does not despise anyone; he is mighty and good in understanding. 6 He does not keep the wicked alive but grants justice to the afflicted. 7 He does not withdraw his eyes from the righteous, but he sets them forever with kings on the throne, and they are exalted. 8 “And if they are tied up with fetters, if they are caught in the cords of misery, 9 then he declares their work to them, and their transgressions, that they are behaving arrogantly. 10 So he opens their ear to the discipline, and he commands that they return from mischief. 11 If they listen and serve him, they complete their days in prosperity and their years in pleasantness. 12 But if they do not listen, they perish by the sword, and they pass away without knowledge. 13 And the godless of heart cherish anger; they do not cry for help when he binds them. 14 They die in their youth, and their life ends among the male shrine prostitutes. 15 He delivers the afflicted by his misery, and he opens their ears by the adversity. 16 And what’s more, he allured you out of distress into a broad place, where in place of it was no constraint; and what was set on your table is full of fatness. 17 But you are obsessed with the judgment of the wicked; judgment and justice take hold of you. 18 Yes, it is wrath, so that it will not incite you into mockery; and do not let the ransom’s greatness turn you aside. 19 Will your cry for help sustain you without distress, or all the efforts of your strength? 20 You must not long for the night, to cut off people in their place. 21 Take care, you must not turn to mischief, for because of this you have been tried by misery. 22 “Look, God is exalted in his power; who is a teacher like him? 23 Who has prescribed his way for him? Or who says, ‘You have done wrong’? 24 Remember that you should extol his work, of which people have sung. 25 All human beings have looked on it; everyone watches from afar. 26 “Look, God is exalted, and we do not know him; the number of his years is unsearchable. 27 Indeed, he draws up the drops of water; he distills the rain into its mist, 28 which the clouds pour down; they shower abundantly on human beings. 29 “Moreover, can anyone understand the spreading of clouds, the thundering of his dwelling place? 30 Look, he scatters his lightning around him, and he covers the roots of the sea. 31 Indeed, he judges people by them; he gives food in abundance. 32 He covers his hands with lightning, and he commands it the place at which to strike. 33 His thundering tells about him; the livestock also tell concerning what rises. — Job 36 | Lexham English Bible (LEB) Lexham English Bible 2012 by Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software. Cross References: Numbers 3:49; Deuteronomy 23:17; Deuteronomy 32:4; 1 Samuel 2:8; 2 Samuel 22:12; 2 Kings 17:13; Job 4:7; Job 4:17; Job 4:21; Job 5:10; Job 5:15; Job 5:17; Job 6:28; Job 12:13; Job 21:22; Job 22:5; Job 33:24; Job 34:20; Job 35:16; Job 37:1-2; Job 37:11-12; Psalm 49:7; Psalm 65:11; Psalm 119:61; Daniel 9:13; Acts 14:17; 1 Corinthians 13:12; 1 Timothy 4:8; Hebrews 11:25; Revelation 15:3

[vnewyorku]

GIVES FEAST FOR LADS.

Son Continues Charity to “Newsies,” Founded by Father.

Three hundred newsboys sat down to a turkey dinner last night at the Newsboys’ Lodging House, No. 14 New-Chambers-st., and while they were in the midst of the meal William M. Fleiss, the giver of the feast, entered, accompanied by his wife.  The boys cheered, and Isaac Cohen, who is known to the boys as the “Pride of the Waldorf,” because he sleeps in a 15 cent bed instead of a plain five cent bunk in the big dormitory, got up on a bench and made a little speech of thanks to Mr. Fleiss.

Isaac explained to the rest that this was the forty-third annual Christmas dinner given by the Fleiss family, and that the dinner which they were then enjoying was the first given by the son in memory of his father, who founded this charity.

Many of the boys received a little book, which was sent to them by their friend, Evert Jansen Wendell, who has found good homes for many of them, some now grown men, with whom he is still in communication.  While the little fellows were tucking away the turkey and cranberry sauce and celery and other good things, a dark complexioned man appeared at the door of the dining room and asked for Superintendent Heig.  The visitor proved to be J. Miguel Rodriguez y Cos, professor of fine arts in the Normal School in the City of Mexico.

Mr. Rodriguez produced a letter of introduction from the State Department at Washington, signed by Elihu Root, Secretary of State.

Jimmy Moll and Tommy Deans, who is known also as “Slippery Mike,” told Mr. Heig after dinner that they enjoyed it “a heap,” but, said “Mike,” “How are you fixed for clothes, Mr. Heig?”

Mr. Heig was not “fixed” at all, and he had to say so.  He also said later that he would welcome any donations of clothing that came along, as the boys needed clothes badly.  The proudest boy at the house last night was Leroy Fields, ten years old, who told the others how on Friday last he was the guest of Mrs. Burchards, of Troy, at the Hoffman House.  “Only me and she wuz along,” he said, “an’ she washed me face before dinner and filled me full of turkey.”

[New York Tribune, Tuesday, December 26, 1905]

[brookstonalmanac]

Birthdays 2.15

Beer Birthdays

Philip Zang (1826)

August Schell (1828)

Emil Resch (1860)

Daniel Satterthwaite (1975)

Five Favorite Birthdays

Galileo Galilei; astronomer (1564)

Matt Groening; cartoonist (1954)

Douglas Hofstadter; writer (1945)

Art Spiegelman; cartoonist (1948)

Alfred North Whitehead; mathematician, philosopher (1861)

Famous Birthdays

Susan B. Anthony; suffragist (1820)

Harold Arlen; composer (1905)

Ian Ballantine; publisher (1916)

John Barrymore; actor (1882)

Edgar Bennett; Green Bay Packers RB (1969)

Jeremy Bentham; English philosopher (1748)

Claire Bloom; actor (1931)

Norman Bridwell; cartoonist, writer (1928)

Jim Butler; tennis player (1971)

Roger Chaffee; astronaut (1935)

Abraham Clark; signer of the Declaration of Independence (1726)

Janice Dickinson; model (1955)

Walter Donaldson; songwriter (1893)

Andre Dumont; Belgian geologist (1809)

Chris Farley; actor, comedian (1964)

James Forrestal; politician, banker (1892)

Robert Fuchs; Austrian composer (1847)

Brian Holland; songwriter (1941)

Harvey Korman; actor, comedian (1927)

Melissa Manchester; singer (1951)

Cyrus McCormick; inventor (1809)

Lorenzo de' Medici; ruler of Florence (1471)

Nero; emperor of Rome (37 C.E.)

William Pickering; astronomer (1858)

Louis Renault; automobile manufacturer (1877)

Sax Rohmer; writer (1883)

Caesar Romero; actor (1907)

Elihu Root; statesman (1845)

James Schlesinger; politician (1929)

Jane Seymour; actor (1951)

Ernest Shackleton; explorer (1874)

Henry E. Steinway; piano maker (1797)

John Sutter; California pioneer (1803)

Charles Vanloo; French artist (1705)

[1900scartoons]

Taken Root

October 2, 1906

The 'Free Cuba' tree grows from Secretary Root's head in US soil.

The caption reads "The Independent Cuba Plant still has deep Root in American soil."

There was much discussion of what to do with the American intervention in Cuba, and Secretary of State Elihu Root had come out firmly in favor of maintaining Cuban Independence, with a government propped up by the United States, if necessary.

See Also: Elihu Root

From Hennepin County Library

Original available at: https://digitalcollections.hclib.org/digital/collection/Bart/id/6127/rec/260

[casmong]

Sincerity and truth.

“Take heed that you do not do your charitable deeds before men, to be seen by them. Otherwise you have no reward from your Father in heaven. Therefore, when you do a charitable deed, do not sound a trumpet before you as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory from men. Assuredly, I say to you, they have their reward." Matthew 6:1-2

These teachings from the Master are given during the Sermon on the Mount [Matthew 5-7], where Jesus gives wise counsel, blessings, warnings and rebuke.

This verse introduces the word hypocrite to the Greek New Testament, and was the first time Jesus uses the word. It represented the beginning of his policy of using the word hypocrite when referring to the Pharisees, and it was almost an alias he used to refer to them. Whenever the word hypocrite occurs in the gospel, it is almost always referring directly to Pharisees, or a characteristic trait they exhibit. Even in these verse aforementioned, Jesus does not explicitly mention them by name, but he mentions synagogues and streets, which indirectly refers to Pharisees who 'ruled the synagogues' [Luke 13:14; Acts 18:8] and since Sadduccess were rarely mentioned as being on the streets it also was referring to Pharisees, who to their credit were always on the streets among the people (poor man's priest).

A hypocrite [Gk. ὑποκριταὶ (hypokritai) - one who answers, an actor, a hypocrite] The word hypokritai literally refers to a performer acting under a mask or an assumed character in a Greek theater.(i.e. a theater-actor). The word alludes to a two-faced person, whose profession does not match their practice, or someone who "says one thing but does another.", or someone who hides their real ‘face’, feelings or intentions, or hides the true facts.

We know that "there is no new thing under the sun"[Ecclesiastes 1:9] and the concept of a hypocrite has always existed, and therefore can be found in the Hebrew old testament. During Elihu discourse with Job and his three ‘friends’, he mentions "But the hypocrites in heart heap up wrath: they cry not when he bindeth them." Job 36:13

The Hebrew word translated as 'hypocrites' [Hb.וְֽחַנְפֵי־ (wə·ḥan·p̄ê-) - godless, impious {hypocrite}] has the connotation, based on the root word from which it is derived, of someone who is corrupted or soiled with sin. The Septiugint{viz ancient greek translation of the old testament ~300 BC}, Wycliffe translation{1382}, Luther translation{1545}, Coverdale{1585} Geneva Bible{1599}, King James{1611} and other older translations used the word 'hypocrite' or 'feigners and false men' (Wycliffe) instead of simply 'godless', because they realized that the person described is feigning being righteous based on the context the word is used.

There are two extreme classes of righteousness: the righteous person who is sincerely seeking to fear YAH and do what is right 'from the heart', and there are those who have no knowledge nor regard and respect for YAH and His commands and expectations. In this context the 'godless in heart' presents a separate class of people who appear to be righteous on the outside but on the inside are godless, and thus are play acting and putting up a facade. Even further, Elihu goes on to say that when the wə·ḥan·p̄ê- are rebuked and chastened by God; they don't cry out, because they can't break character as they have to maintain the facade of being righteous for others to see.

Jesus also alludes to the hypocrites sounding a trumpet before them in the synagogues and in the streets. This can be considered literal or figurative or a symbolic metaphor for making a public show of their charitable deeds. It is very unlikely that the hypocrites have a person blow a trumpet wherever the hypocrites go to announce their charitable deeds, but it is likely that they enjoyed putting lots of money in the synagogue collection pan, which was a trumpet shaped metal container, that made a loud clanging noise the more coins are thrown into it; to the delight of the hypocrites. This was not the case with the poor widow with her two little copper coins (2 mites) [Mark 12:38-44]. Everyone would hear the clanging noise of the rich, who for a show threw in lots of money, but hardly anyone would hear the sincere whisper of the widow’s little offering; but Jesus didn't hear the noise of the proud, but he definitely heard her little prayer loud and clear, and rewarded her accordingly; with her story recorded as a testament to her faith and offering.

The sounding of the trumpet can also be viewed as a figurative not 'blowing of our own trumpet' when we do our charitable deeds. Jesus warns that those who seek to draw attention to themselves and praise from onlookers have already received what they desired, and will receive nothing more. The goal is to be seen and validated and derive our value and self worth by God and not to be seen and validated nor derive our self worth from other people. Jesus lovingly advises that “when you do a charitable deed, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, that your charitable deed may be in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will Himself reward you openly." - Matthew 6:3-4

[bogusfilth]

the thing nobody reblogging that mccoy quote - however true it is - knows about it is that it's right before he characterizes Obama as one of the top three shrewdest and most capable american geopolitcal diplomatic figures of the 20th century. next to elihu root and fucking zbigniew brzezinski. zbigniew "CIA-ISI-Taliban" brzezinski, zbigniew "What is most important to the history of the world? The Taliban or the collapse of the Soviet empire? Some stirred-up Moslems or the liberation of Central Europe and the end of the Cold War?” brzezinski. which is not to say that mccoy is not right about the fact that all three were capable at large-scale geopolitical manipulation. (I really can't speak to obama's diplomatic legacy in part because as he points out it was effecitvely wiped out by trump) but. it is still funny. maybe the point is even more striking - not only was kissinger a ruthless realpolitiking scumbag, he wasn't even that good at getting shit done.

[thegenealogy]

1 Chronicles 12:19-22. "Seven Commanders".

The Seven Commanders, the Seven Sefirot, or Husbands of God are:

The seven subsequent sefirot (Chesed, Gevurah, Tiferet, Netzach, Hod, Yesod and Malkuth) describe the primary and secondary conscious divine emotions.

They are what lingers after one Audiences with the Most High in a place called the Ziklag:

19 Some of the tribe of Manasseh defected to David when he went with the Philistines to fight against Saul. (He and his men did not help the Philistines because, after consultation, their rulers sent him away. They said, “It will cost us our heads if he deserts to his master Saul.”) 

Manasseh means "to evaporate and leave something behind". To smelt metal and achieve pure ore is a common metaphor for the study and carrying out of the Instructions contained in the Torah.

20 When David went to Ziklag, these were the men of Manasseh who defected to him: Adnah, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu and Zillethai, leaders of units of a thousand in Manasseh.

Adnah=Eden

עדן

Root עדן ('eden) has to do with free exchange of broadly diverse information, services and goods — which is where wealth comes from, in the modern understanding of economy. Nouns עדן ('eden), עדנה ('edna) and מעדן (ma'adan) mean delight, finery or luxury. Adjective עדין ('adin) means delightful or luxurious. Verb עדן ('adan) means to luxuriate or to delight.

Jozabad=What Yah has bestowed

Jediael=All Knowledge

ידע

The verb ידע (yada') means both to know and to have intimate relations (Genesis 4:1, Judges 11:39). Knowledge equals familiarity with truth, which in turn is the only thing all people can agree on, which in turn promotes the search for agreement and modes of expression (rather than mere data). The Bible holds all knowledge in the highest regard. God, after all, is both a God of knowledge (Jeremiah 3:15) and love (1 John 4:7).

Since all truth relates to the Word of God, wisdom begins with the reverence of the Creator (Proverbs 1:7) and learning equals love-making within a marital relation with the Creator (Isaiah 54:5).

Michael=Who is God?

Jozabad=What Yah has bestowed

Elihu=Negation of what is not of Yah

Zillethai=In the Shadow of Yah, submerged by the Belltones or Whirring of Yah's Voice

=Seven Days.

"In Eden, God bestowed all knowledge. Upon answering, who is God? which means "He is All That Can Be Known" all that is not God is negated, and mankind becomes submerged in Him."

The Gematria of 7,000=132 or "All of Me" AKA the Seventh Sefirot=Malchut, AKA Jewish Royalty.

A Jewish king is…very different than the autocratic king of the nations of the world….

Literally meaning "royalty", Malchut is the seventh sefira, the culmination and distillation of the previous six sefirot. It is the female principle, the archetypal recipient sefira, and the Zohar describes it as "having nothing of her own".

A Jewish king is the embodiment of the sefira of malchut and therefore very different than the autocratic king of the nations of the world. In contrast to King Ahasuerus, for example (or Saddam Hussein, in our day and age), whose authority was not subject to any guidelines or legal standards, a Jewish king serves as a living example to the nation (and thus, to the world) of total commitment to the service of G‑d, with total subservience and self-nullification to G‑d's will.

=David was the Ziklag in which the Seven Fires were dissolving the mixed metals of mankind, turning them into Jewish Royalty:

 21 They helped David against raiding bands, for all of them were brave warriors, and they were commanders in his army. 

22 Day after day men came to help David, until he had a great army, like the army of God.[b]

Day after Day, see above on how the Seven Commanders represent the Seven Days.

The Army of God= the Legions of Jews squeezed free of slavery in Egypt, the Temple of Profane Speech.

The end of one's bondage to Slavery in Egypt and all of its causes and effects is the goal of those who study the Torah:

It is first mentioned in the Torah in reference to “G‑d’s Hosts” who were liberated from Egyptian bondage "slavery to profane speech".

The term is clearly not used in the military sense. Rather, it indicates that the Hosts who had been enslaved to Pharaoh to serve him were now G‑d’s Hosts, free to serve G‑d, and G‑d alone.

Anytime we discuss Manasseh we refer to what aspects of one's character remain and which evaporate during the process of following the Torah. The tradition of following the Torah always means violating the traditions of other paths that do not contribute to the overall experience of beauty intended by the Creator.

The Seven Leading Men are what one looks for in order to become homogeneous with that experience. Their reign will take place only once the influences of upstart and competing voices are completely erased.

Similar to the retting of the tenebrous self away from the stalk of the fire called using the Torah is the study of the Quran for the purposes of revealing the messianic tendencies of Muhammad, the Prophet of Allah [peace be upon his name.]

[womens-vintage]

Cortell & Leonard, a company that was based in Albany, New York, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. According to historical records, Cortell & Leonard was a manufacturer of academic regalia, including caps, gowns, hoods, and other academic attire, for American universities and colleges. The company was also known for producing cloaks and furs for both men and women.

The address mentioned, 472 & 474 Broadway, was the location of the company's manufacturing facilities and offices in Albany. While it's unclear what became of the company in later years, it appears that Cortell & Leonard was a prominent supplier of academic regalia during the late 1800s and early 1900s, serving a wide range of universities and colleges across the United States.

The photograph was taken by Pirie Macdonald, an American photographer born in 1867 in Newark, New Jersey, and lived most of his life in New York City. He was a successful commercial photographer and portraitist who specialized in capturing images of celebrities, politicians, and business leaders of his time.

MacDonald began his career as a photographer in the late 19th century and was known for his use of dramatic lighting and his ability to capture his subjects' personalities in his photographs. He opened his first studio in Albany, New York, in the early 1900s, where he became known for his portraits of New York state politicians, including Governor Charles Evans Hughes and Senator Elihu Root.

MacDonald later moved his studio to New York City, where he continued to work as a portrait photographer and also began to focus on commercial photography. He photographed advertisements for a variety of companies, including Coca-Cola, Kodak, and Chevrolet.

Today, Pirie MacDonald is recognized as one of the most important photographers of his time, and his work is still celebrated for its innovative use of lighting and composition.

[sfc-paulchambers]

21 JANUARY 1903 - BIRTH OF THE MODERN NATIONAL GUARD As part of Secretary of War Elihu Root’s War Department reforms at the turn of the 20th century, the Militia Act of 1903 made state militias a full-time reserve of the U.S. Army and formalized the procedures for calling the militia into federal service. It also maintained their status as state militia responsive to their respective state governors for performing state missions. Prior to 1903, the militias were almost completely funded, organized, and administered by their respective state governments. As a result, the organization, equipment, and training of units varied and were not always compatible with those of the Regular Army. These problems became most apparent during the mobilization for the Spanish-American War in 1898. Sponsored by National Guard officer and an Ohio Representative, the Militia Act of 1903 repealed the Militia Act of 1792 and divided the militia into two groups: the Reserve Militia (all able-bodied men between 18 and 45) and the Organized Militia (regularly-drilling state units receiving federal support), which became officially titled the National Guard soon afterward. Thereafter, National Guard units were to meet the same organizational and training standards as units of the Regular Army, participate in joint Regular Army-National Guard maneuver exercises, and National Guard officers became eligible to attend Regular Army schools and training courses. #dosomethingpositive for your #futureself #dosomethingworthwatching #contactmenow 615-429-0932 #usarmyreserve #yourarmyreservecareercounselor #globallypositioned #globallyengaged #stayinghome #parttimeservicefulltimebenefits #parttimeservicefulltimepride #parttimeservicefulltimesuccess Request Information | goarmy.com #Armyhistory #USArmy #TRADOC #NationalGuard #ArmyNationalGuard #thisdayinarmyhistory #repostedfrom @armyhistory (at Middle Tennessee Area) https://www.instagram.com/p/Cnss38nu6tn/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[leonczolgosz]

Stupid names of Secretaries of State:

Timothy Pickering

Levi Lincoln Sr.

Robert Smith (like the guy from The Cure)

Richard Rush

Abel P. Upshur

Jacob L. Martin because he deserves that L since his term lasted one day

Elihu B. Washburne

Hamilton Fish

Fredrick Theodore Frelinghuysen

Alvey A. Adee

Francis B. Loomis

Elihu Root (why are there two of them?)

Edward Stettinius Jr.

Livingston T. Merchant who also lasted one day and the guy who followed him lasted 8 years

Edmund Muskie

Lawrence Eagleburger

Rex Tillerson

Mike Pompeo

Anthony Blinken