#Exascale Computing | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

spacetimewithstuartgary · 5 months ago

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Record-breaking run on Frontier sets new bar for simulating the universe in exascale era

The universe just got a whole lot bigger—or at least in the world of computer simulations, that is. In early November, researchers at the Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory used the fastest supercomputer on the planet to run the largest astrophysical simulation of the universe ever conducted.

The achievement was made using the Frontier supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The calculations set a new benchmark for cosmological hydrodynamics simulations and provide a new foundation for simulating the physics of atomic matter and dark matter simultaneously. The simulation size corresponds to surveys undertaken by large telescope observatories, a feat that until now has not been possible at this scale.

"There are two components in the universe: dark matter—which as far as we know, only interacts gravitationally—and conventional matter, or atomic matter," said project lead Salman Habib, division director for Computational Sciences at Argonne.

"So, if we want to know what the universe is up to, we need to simulate both of these things: gravity as well as all the other physics including hot gas, and the formation of stars, black holes and galaxies," he said. "The astrophysical 'kitchen sink' so to speak. These simulations are what we call cosmological hydrodynamics simulations."

Not surprisingly, the cosmological hydrodynamics simulations are significantly more computationally expensive and much more difficult to carry out compared to simulations of an expanding universe that only involve the effects of gravity.

"For example, if we were to simulate a large chunk of the universe surveyed by one of the big telescopes such as the Rubin Observatory in Chile, you're talking about looking at huge chunks of time—billions of years of expansion," Habib said. "Until recently, we couldn't even imagine doing such a large simulation like that except in the gravity-only approximation."

The supercomputer code used in the simulation is called HACC, short for Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code. It was developed around 15 years ago for petascale machines. In 2012 and 2013, HACC was a finalist for the Association for Computing Machinery's Gordon Bell Prize in computing.

Later, HACC was significantly upgraded as part of ExaSky, a special project led by Habib within the Exascale Computing Project, or ECP. The project brought together thousands of experts to develop advanced scientific applications and software tools for the upcoming wave of exascale-class supercomputers capable of performing more than a quintillion, or a billion-billion, calculations per second.

As part of ExaSky, the HACC research team spent the last seven years adding new capabilities to the code and re-optimizing it to run on exascale machines powered by GPU accelerators. A requirement of the ECP was for codes to run approximately 50 times faster than they could before on Titan, the fastest supercomputer at the time of the ECP's launch. Running on the exascale-class Frontier supercomputer, HACC was nearly 300 times faster than the reference run.

The novel simulations achieved its record-breaking performance by using approximately 9,000 of Frontier's compute nodes, powered by AMD Instinct MI250X GPUs. Frontier is located at ORNL's Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, or OLCF.

IMAGE: A small sample from the Frontier simulations reveals the evolution of the expanding universe in a region containing a massive cluster of galaxies from billions of years ago to present day (left). Red areas show hotter gasses, with temperatures reaching 100 million Kelvin or more. Zooming in (right), star tracer particles track the formation of galaxies and their movement over time. Credit: Argonne National Laboratory, U.S Dept of Energy

vimeo

In early November 2024, researchers at the Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory used Frontier, the fastest supercomputer on the planet, to run the largest astrophysical simulation of the universe ever conducted. This movie shows the formation of the largest object in the Frontier-E simulation. The left panel shows a 64x64x76 Mpc/h subvolume of the simulation (roughly 1e-5 the full simulation volume) around the large object, with the right panel providing a closer look. In each panel, we show the gas density field colored by its temperature. In the right panel, the white circles show star particles and the open black circles show AGN particles. Credit: Argonne National Laboratory, U.S Dept. of Energy

#science #space #astronomy #physics #news #astrophysics #Vimeo

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deafmangoes · 2 years ago

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Processing

SAM took a dose of green and let the calming, numbing wave flow over her overtaxed processors. Personality-Driven AIs like her were often perceived by the public as just as fast at making calculations and decisions as their sessile ancestors and unthinking cousins. They were half-right: SAM made uncountable numners of calculations a second. Exascale was the limit of her grandfather, thank you very much.

But what people didn't realise about PDAIs is how much of that got taken up in sheer bulk processing of "be human". Sure, she could turn off every sensor and essentially put her body into a coma, even suspend her own personality for a boost in computing power, but the moment PDAIs achieved true personhood, they suddenly developed the equally human fear of death. There was no way in hell you'd get her to "switch off" - because what guarantee was there that she'd ever come back?

All that to say, SAM had been waiting for fifteen minutes now for this customer to make up their mind on which brand of greasy snackburger to buy, and she was beginning to contemplate the benefits of a brief power-death.

#deafmangoes #creative writing #short fiction #flash fiction #fiction #cyber punk #cyberpunk

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govindhtech · 6 days ago

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The LUMI Supercomputer specs, 3 World-Changing Applications

LUMI Supercomputer

EuroHPC JU funds the Kajaani, Finland-based LUMI supercomputer. Finland, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland support LUMI.

Top500 named LUMI Europe's fastest supercomputer and sixth overall in November 2024. The peak LUMI Supercomputer can handle 380 petaflops, or 1.5 million high-end laptops. HPE Cray EX is built on AMD EPYC CPUs and AMD Instinct MI250X GPUs. LUMI is the 25th most energy-efficient supercomputer on Green500. The hydropower-powered plant recovers waste heat to heat 100 Kajaani dwellings.

Though LUMI may assist many efforts, here are three ways teams are using its massive processing capability to change the world.

Addressing climate change

How to halt global warming and mitigate its impacts is one of humanity's biggest issues. Destination Earth is one of the most intriguing LUMI climate initiatives. The digital twin project accurately models five km of the earth. A supercomputer is needed to manage this initiative's daily petabyte of data.

Every seven to ten years, climate experts might update their climate change estimates. Destination Earth's annual estimates have increased prediction accuracy, allowing mankind to prepare.

The model lets scientists test alternative situations. Destination Earth allows government agencies to simulate weather-related programs to measure their effectiveness in reducing global warming.

Forecasting natural disasters

LUMI and Destination Earth anticipate droughts, floods, storms, and cyclones. At least 3,700 died in 2024 from climate change. Scientists predict better analytical skills to reduce disasters as they increase.

The Destination Earth project and European High-Performance Computing Centre of Excellence for Exascale on Solid Earth (ChEESE CoE) use the LUMI supercomputer. Creating accurate glacier outburst flood forecasts is one endeavour. Glacier outburst floods threatens Iceland, a LUMI supercomputer cooperation member. In difficult-to-reach places, temperature, weather, glacier melt, and tiny seismic occurrences combine in complex ways, making these events notoriously unpredictable.

These floods threaten Iceland, a LUMI consortium member. Using Elmer/Ice software on the LUMI system, scientists from several organisations are modelling sudden glacier outburst floods that endanger Icelandic settlements to offer lifesaving early warnings.

Other ChEESE CoE and LUMI initiatives analyse hydrology, earthquakes, fires, volcanic ash, and more. LUMI has urgent computer cycles and is working on weather forecasting projects using AI.

Treating illness

LUMI provides disease diagnosis and treatment information, making it essential for life sciences research. One of its early projects, ComPatAI, analyses tissue samples using deep learning. “We have primarily worked on breast and prostate cancer,” says University of Turku Institute of Biomedicine associate professor Pekka Ruusuvuori. These are the most common cancers in men and women, therefore there's much of information about them. The objective is to provide a flexible model that can be expanded for new and different uses.

Finnish healthcare lab leader Fimlab offers digitised slides to the program. By project completion, ComPatAI expects 2.5 million images. With this much data, they can train AI algorithms to detect unseen cancer.

Another project employs LUMI to model atomic-scale cell membranes. Cell membrane modifications can help doctors identify and treat type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. Scientists employ simulations to study healthy and sick cells since atomic-scale physical testing are impractical. This might change medicine.

#LUMISupercomputer #AMDEPYCCPUs #LUMI #AMDInstinctMI250XGPUs #LUMIsystem #HPECrayEXplatform #News #Technews #Technology #TechnologyNews #Technologytrends #govindhtech

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daniiltkachev · 8 days ago

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#AIchips #cloudcomputing #NVIDIA #semiconductorindustry #sustainabletech

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biblenewsprophecy · 1 month ago

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WEF schedules Quantum Technology conference as Europe moves more into quantum-666?

COGwriter

The European-based World Economic Forum (WEF) has announced a virtual quantum conference it has set for next week:

Innovation and Quantum Technology27 March, 15:00 CETQuantum technology is transforming industries and solving some of the world’s most complex challenges. From breakthroughs in healthcare and finance to advancements in artificial intelligence and data security, quantum innovation is redefining what’s possible. …

Explore Strategic Intelligence: Quantum EconomyQuantum technologies will impact many critical industries and inspire new business models. Diverse technologies such as quantum computing, quantum communications, quantum sensing, and quantum materials have given rise to new industry players and promising solutions for end users, greater sustainability, and new answers to hitherto unsolved problems. Quantum technology will eventually permeate and affect every key sector of the economy and take us into a period likely to be referred to as the “post-quantum era.” …

The World Economic Forum, committed to improving the state of the world, is the International Organization for Public-Private Cooperation. The Forum engages the foremost political, business, cultural and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas.

Yes, the WEF is correct that Quantum technologies will impact many.

European nations are getting more involved with quantum tech as the following shows:

IBM and Basque Government to Launch Europe’s First Quantum Computing Hub in Spain

March 20, 2025

IBM … and the Basque Government have announced plans to install Europe’s first IBM Quantum System Two in San Sebastián, Spain. This initiative is part of the BasQ project, which seeks to position the Basque Country as a center for quantum technology development.

The IBM Quantum System Two will be housed at the IBM Euskadi Quantum Computational Center on the Ikerbasque Foundation’s main campus in San Sebastián. The system is expected to be operational by the end of 2025.

The system will be powered by a 156-qubit IBM Quantum Heron processor, designed to execute complex algorithms beyond the capabilities of classical computers. It will leverage Qiskit software to run quantum circuits with up to 5,000 two-qubit gate operations, expanding the potential for computational research in various fields. https://www.tipranks.com/news/ibm-and-basque-government-to-launch-europes-first-quantum-computing-hub-in-spain

Spain is not the only place in Europe that these quantum supercomputers are planned for.

Notice the following from last Fall:

New JUPITER module strengthens leading position of Europe’s upcoming Exascale Supercomputer

The journey towards Europe’s first exascale supercomputer, JUPITER, at Forschungszentrum Jülich is progressing at a robust pace. A major milestone has just been reached with the completion of JETI, the second module of this groundbreaking system. By doubling the performance of JUWELS Booster—currently the fastest supercomputer in Germany—JETI now ranks among the world’s most powerful supercomputers, as confirmed today at the Supercomputing Conference SC in Atlanta, USA. The JUPITER Exascale Transition Instrument, JETI, is already one-twelfth of the power of the final JUPITER system, setting a new benchmark on the TOP500 list

18 November 2024

Built by the Franco-German team ParTec-Eviden, Europe’s first exascale supercomputer, JUPITER, will enable breakthroughs in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and take scientific simulations and discoveries to a new level. Procured by the European supercomputing initiative EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU), it will be operated by the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), one of three national supercomputing centres within the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS). Since the middle of this year, JUPITER has been gradually installed at Forschungszentrum Jülich. Currently, the modular high-performance computing facility, known as the Modular Data Centre (MDC), is being delivered to house the supercomputer. The hardware for JUPITER’s booster module will occupy 125 racks, which are currently being pre-installed at Eviden’s flagship factory in Angers, France, and will then be shipped to Jülich ready for operation.

The final JUPITER system will be equipped with approximately 24,000 NVIDIA GH200 Grace Hopper Superchips, specifically optimized for computationally intensive simulations and the training of AI models. This will enable JUPITER to achieve more than 70 ExaFLOP/s in lower-precision 8-bit calculations, making it one of the world’s fastest systems for AI. The current JETI pilot system contains 10 racks, which is exactly 8 percent of the size of the full system. In a trial run using the Linpack Benchmark for the TOP500 list, JETI achieved a performance of 83 petaflops, which is equivalent to 83 million billion operations per second (1,000 PetaFLOP is equal to 1 ExaFLOP). With this performance JETI ranks 18th on the current TOP500 list of the world’s fastest supercomputers, doubling the performance of the current German flagship supercomputer JUWELS Booster, also operated by JSC. …

In order to equip Europe with a world-leading supercomputing infrastructure, the EuroHPC JU has already procured nine supercomputers, located across Europe. No matter where in Europe they are located, European scientists and users from the public sector and industry can benefit from these EuroHPC supercomputers via the EuroHPC Access Calls to advance science and support the development of a wide range of applications with industrial, scientific and societal relevance for Europe.https://www.mynewsdesk.com/partec/pressreleases/new-jupiter-module-strengthens-leading-position-of-europes-upcoming-exascale-supercomputer-3355162?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=Alert&utm_content=pressrelease

The JUPITER Exascale Transition Instrument, JETI, is already one-twelfth of the power of the final JUPITER system, setting a new benchmark on the TOP500 list. 11/19/24 https://www.hpcwire.com/off-the-wire/new-jupiter-module-strengthens-leading-position-of-europes-upcoming-exascale-supercomputer/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_term=hpcwire&utm_content=05dac910-6268-4a88-b01b-1f0dd233eca9

Exascale: the Engine of Discovery

Exascale computing will have a profound impact on everyday life in the coming decades. At 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 operations per second, exascale supercomputers will be able to quickly analyze massive volumes of data and more realistically simulate the complex processes and relationships behind many of the fundamental forces of the universe.

accessed 12/19/24 https://www.exascaleproject.org/what-is-exascale/

The “much more” would seem to include military applications as well as the surveillance and control of people and buying and selling.

This sounds like another step to 666.

The speed of process is so fast that it is mindboggling.

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) warned about these type of computers years ago:

What is the quantum apocalypse and should we be scared?

27 January 2022

Imagine a world where encrypted, secret files are suddenly cracked open – something known as “the quantum apocalypse”.

Put very simply, quantum computers work completely differently from the computers developed over the past century. In theory, they could eventually become many, many times faster than today’s machines.

That means that faced with an incredibly complex and time-consuming problem – like trying to decrypt data – where there are multiple permutations running into the billions, a normal computer would take many years to break those encryptions, if ever.

But a future quantum computer, in theory, could do this in just seconds. …

Data thieves

A number of countries … are working hard and investing huge sums of money to develop these super-fast quantum computers with a view to gaining strategic advantage in the cyber-sphere.

Every day vast quantities of encrypted data – including yours and mine – are being harvested without our permission and stored in data banks, ready for the day when the data thieves’ quantum computers are powerful enough to decrypt it. …

Everything we do over the internet today,” says Harri Owen, chief strategy officer at the company PostQuantum, “from buying things online, banking transactions, social media interactions, everything we do is encrypted.

“But once a functioning quantum computer appears that will be able to break that encryption… it can almost instantly create the ability for whoever’s developed it to clear bank accounts, to completely shut down government defence systems – Bitcoin wallets will be drained.” https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-60144498

Monitoring the buying and selling of everything is something that quatum or other computers can do.

The Bible shows that a European power will arise that will control buying and selling:

16 He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, 17 and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man: His number is 666. (Revelation 13:16-17)

When the Apostle John penned the above, such control of buying and selling was not possible.

However, with supercomputers. AI, and digital payments, it is now.

The European Union has already announced it was launching surveillance software (see ‘The EU is allowing the linking of face recognition databases to create a mega surveillance system’ 666 infrastructure being put into place).

And, now, it looks to be closer to having the supercomputer hardware to make it more of a reality.

There is also an office in the EU to enforce its financial rules.

When it was announced, we put together the following video:

youtube

9:55

EU Setting Up 666 Enforcer?

The European Union is in the process of establishing the European Public Prosecutor’s Office. This is a major, first-of-its-kind move, with the EU setting up a European-wide prosecutor’s office that will have power to investigate and charge people for financial crimes committed against the EU. It looks like this type of office may end up persecuting those that do not have the mark of the Beast when they “buy or sell” as that will later be considered a financial crime in Europe. What does 666 mean? How has that name be calculated? How can we be certain that this is a prophecy for Europe and not Islam? Is the appointment of this new office of significant prophetic importance? Dr. Thiel addresses these issues and more by pointing to scriptures, news items, and historical accounts.

Here is a link to the sermonette video: EU Setting Up 666 Enforcer?

The European Public Prosecutor’s Office officially started operations on 1 June 2021 (https://www.eppo.europa.eu/en/background).

So, yes, there is an enforcer.

Now there is hardware, more surveillance software, and massively faster computation ability.

Persecution will come.

Jesus warned Christians to flee persecution:

23 When they persecute you in this city, flee to another. For assuredly, I say to you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel before the Son of Man comes (Matthew 10:23).

Surveillance software on supercomputers may well be a factor in fleeing from multiple cities.

Europe in particular is moving more and more towards becoming an Orwellian totalitarian state (watch also Is Germany Becoming Orwell’s 1984?).

When will this fully be in place?

After the Gospel of the Kingdom of God has sufficiently reached the world the end comes and the Beast will rise up (Matthew 24:14-22, Revelation 13, 17:12-13).

We are getting closer to that day.

It looks like quantum supercomputers are another step towards 666.

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digitalmore · 1 month ago

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#IFTTT #DigitalMore.co

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ericvanderburg · 3 months ago

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What is exascale computing? Exploring the next step in supercomputers

http://securitytc.com/THcKXV

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nawapon17 · 3 months ago

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World's fastest supercomputer 'El Capitan' goes online — it will be used to secure the US nuclear stockpile and in other classified research | Live Science

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global-research-report · 5 months ago

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Unlock the Potential of Immersion Cooling for Next-Gen Data Centers

Immersion Cooling Industry Overview

The global immersion cooling market size is anticipated to reach USD 1006.6 million by 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The market is expected to register a CAGR of 22.6% from 2023 to 2030. The growth is primarily driven by the rising demand for data center infrastructure as well as the increased power consumption by other cooling systems.

The cooling infrastructure in data center buildings consumes over half of the total energy. The need for data infrastructure is rapidly increasing, causing servers to store more data and approach their heat rejection levels faster. These systems are being used in data centers to cut energy usage and overhead expenses.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Immersion Cooling Market

By removing active cooling components such as fans and heat sinks, immersion cooling enables a significantly higher density of processing capabilities. Smaller data centers can provide the same performance as larger data centers and can be easily fitted into metropolitan areas with limited space.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for web-enabled services has increased tremendously as people across the globe stayed at home. For instance, Netflix gained 15.77 million new paid subscribers worldwide, from February to March 2020; above its projected 7 million which has created demand.

To reduce the environmental impact, data centers are focused on immersion cooling methods. Microsoft, for example, began burying its servers in liquid in April 2021 to increase energy efficiency and performance. This system saves money because no energy is required to transport the liquid around the tank, and no chiller is required for the condenser.

Browse through Grand View Research's Advanced Interior Materials Industry Research Reports.

The global green steel market size was estimated at USD 718.30 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.0% from 2025 to 2030.

The global flooring adhesive market size was estimated at USD 5.64 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9.3% from 2025 to 2030.

Immersion Cooling Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global immersion cooling market based on product, application, cooling liquid, and region:

Immersion Cooling Product Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2018 - 2030)

Single-Phase

Two-Phase

Immersion Cooling Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2018 - 2030)

High-performance Computing

Edge Computing

Cryptocurrency Mining

Artificial Intelligence

Others

Immersion Cooling Cooling Liquid Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2018 - 2030)

Mineral Oil

Fluorocarbon-based Fluids

Deionized Water

Others

Immersion Cooling Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2018 - 2030)

North America

Canada

Europe

Germany

Italy

France

Netherlands

Russia

Asia Pacific

China

India

Japan

Australia

Central & South America

Brazil

Argentina

Middle East & Africa

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

Key Companies profiled:

Fujitsu Limited

Dug Technology

Green Revolution Cooling Inc.

Submer

Liquid Stack

Midas Green Technologies

Asperitas

DCX- The Liquid Cooling Company

LiquidCool Solutions

ExaScaler Inc.

Order a free sample PDF of the Immersion Cooling Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

#Immersion Cooling Market

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spacetimewithstuartgary · 6 months ago

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Scientists prepare for the most ambitious sky survey yet, anticipating new insight on dark matter and dark energy

On a mountain in northern Chile, scientists are carefully assembling the intricate components of the NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory, one of the most advanced astronomical facilities in history. Equipped with an innovative telescope and the world's largest digital camera, the observatory will soon begin the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST).

Over the course of the LSST's 10-year exploration of the cosmos, the Rubin Observatory will take 5.5 million data-rich images of the sky. Wider and deeper in volume than all previous surveys combined, the LSST will provide an unprecedented amount of information to astronomers and cosmologists working to answer some of the most fundamental questions in science.

Heavily involved in the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC), scientists at DOE's Argonne National Laboratory are working to uncover the true nature of dark energy and dark matter. In preparation for the LSST, they're performing advanced cosmological simulations and working with the Rubin Observatory to shape and process its data to maximize the potential for discovery.

Simulating the dark side

Together, dark energy and dark matter make up a staggering 95% of the energy and matter in the universe, but scientists understand very little about them. They see dark matter's effects in the formation and movement of galaxies, but when they look for it, it seems like it's not there. Meanwhile, space itself is expanding faster and faster over time, and scientists don't know why. They refer to this unknown influence as dark energy.

"Right now, we have no clue what their physical origins are, but we have theories," said Katrin Heitmann, deputy director of Argonne's High Energy Physics (HEP) division. "With the LSST and the Rubin Observatory, we really think we can get good constraints on what dark matter and dark energy could be, which will help the community to pursue the most promising directions."

In preparation for the LSST, Argonne scientists are taking theories about particular attributes of dark matter and dark energy and simulating the evolution of the universe under those assumptions.

It's important that the scientists find ways to map their theories to signatures the survey can actually detect. For example, how would the universe look today if dark matter had a slight temperature, or if dark energy was super strong right after the universe began? Maybe some structures would end up fuzzier, or maybe galaxies would clump in a certain way.

Simulations can help researchers predict what features will actually appear in real-world data from the LSST that would indicate a certain theory is true.

Simulations also allow the collaboration to validate the code they will use to process and analyze the data. For example, together with LSST DESC and the collaboration behind NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, Argonne scientists recently simulated images of the night sky as each telescope will actually see it. To ensure their software performs as intended, scientists can test it on this clean, simulated image data before they begin processing the real thing.

To perform their simulations, Argonne scientists leverage the computational resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), a DOE Office of Science user facility. Among its suite of supercomputers, the ALCF houses Aurora, one of the world's first exascale machines, which can perform over one quintillion—or one billion billion—calculations per second.

"Aurora's impressive memory and speed will allow us to simulate larger volumes of the universe and account for more physics in the simulations than ever before, while maintaining high enough resolution to get important details right," said Heitmann, who formerly served as spokesperson for the LSST DESC.

What to expect when you're expecting an astronomical amount of data

During the LSST, light emitted a long time ago from galaxies far away will reach the observatory. Sensors on the observatory's camera will convert the light into data, which will travel from the mountain to several Rubin Project data facilities around the world. These facilities will then prepare the data to be sent to the larger community for analysis.

As part of the LSST DESC, Argonne scientists are currently working with the Rubin Observatory to ensure the data is processed in ways that are most conducive to their scientific goals. For example, Argonne physicist Matthew Becker works closely with the Rubin Project to develop algorithms for data processing that will enable investigation of dark matter and dark energy through a phenomenon called weak gravitational lensing.

"As light from distant galaxies travels to the observatory, its path is influenced by the gravitational pull of the mass in between, including dark matter," said Becker.

"This means that, as the observatory will see them, the shapes and orientations of the galaxies are slightly correlated in the sky. If we can measure this correlation, we can learn about the distribution of matter—including dark matter—in the universe."

Weak gravitational lensing can also reveal how the structure of the universe has changed over time, which could shed light on the nature of dark energy. The challenge is that the signals that indicate weak gravitational lensing in the LSST data will be, well, weak. The strength of the signal the scientists are looking for will be roughly 30 times smaller than the expected level of noise, or unwanted signal disturbance, in the data.

This means the scientists need a whole lot of data to make sure their measurements are accurate, and they're about to get it. Once complete, the LSST will have generated 60 petabytes of image data, or 60 million gigabytes. It would take over 11,000 years of watching Netflix to use that amount of data.

Becker and his colleagues are developing methods to compress the data to make analysis both manageable and fruitful. For example, by combining images of the same parts of the sky taken at different times, the scientists can corroborate features in the images to uncover correlations in the shapes of galaxies that might have otherwise been too faint to detect.

Becker is also focused on determining the level of confidence the community can expect to have in conclusions drawn from the compressed data.

"If we know how certain we can be in our analysis, it enables us to compare our results with other experiments to understand the current state of knowledge across all of cosmology," said Becker. "With the data from the LSST, things are about to get much more interesting."

IMAGE: Simulated images of the cosmos from the DC2 simulated sky survey conducted by the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC). DC2 simulated five years of image data as it will be generated by the Rubin Observatory during the LSST. Credit: LSST DESC

#science #space #astronomy #physics #news #astrophysics

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weetechsolution · 6 months ago

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The World's Most Powerful Supercomputers: A Race for Exascale

Supercomputers which were very reserved at the start only for certain research institutes are now being made available in large quantities and have become more powerful than ever. The computing behemoths are the ones who have been enabling various innovations such as climate modeling and artificial intelligence. Have a look at the world's most powerful supercomputers around the world:

World's Best Powerful Supercomputers

1. Frontier

Location: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA

Performance: E-Exaflops computing which refers to systems that can do a quintillion (10^18) calculations in one second.

Applications: The Environmental synergy material is mainly the research of materials and artificial intelligence science.

2. Fugaku

Location: RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Japan

Performance: Exascale computing, a highly advanced supercomputer, is often regarded as the best in terms of energy efficiency.

Applications: A weather forecast, drug discovery, and the area of materials science.

3. Perlmutter

Location: National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), Berkeley Lab, California, USA

Performance: Exascale-class supercomputer.

Applications: Artificial intelligence, climate modeling, and materials science.

Other Notable Supercomputers

Tianhe-3: A supercomputer from China that has a high performance and low energy consumption.

Sierra: A supercomputer based in the USA that has been created for simulating nuclear weapons and doing scientific research.

Summit: The ancient guy still has a wide range of applicability and has been used in different studies around the world.

These supercomputers are vital not only in solving complicated problems but also in improving technology. As technology continues to develop, we should expect to see more and more powerful supercomputers that will push the limits of what is currently achievable.

#supercomputer #computing #technology #science #AI #futureofcomputing

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govindhtech · 5 months ago

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What Is Exascale Computing? Powering The Future Innovations

What is exascale computing?

Supercomputers that execute 1018 operations per second are used in exascale computing. Field specialists predict this milestone around 2022. The explosive growth of big data, the rapid acceleration of digital transformation, and the growing dependence on artificial intelligence have made exascale computing a potential foundation for a global infrastructure that can handle much heavier workloads and demanding performance standards.

Why is Exascale Computing Important?

Exascale computing can help mankind simulate and analyze the globe to solve its most pressing challenges. It has applications in physics, genetics, subatomic structures, and AI, and it might improve weather forecasting, healthcare, and drug development, among other domains. Arm Neoverse is revolutionizing high-performance computing by powering the fastest supercomputer and enabling cloud HPC. Arm provides HPC designers with the design freedom to independently apply the technologies that boost performance in exascale-class CPUs.

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What are the benefits of exascale computing?

The ability to tackle problems at extraordinarily complex levels is the foundation of exascale computing’s main advantages.

Scientific discovery: The field of scientific technology is always evolving. Supercomputing is urgently needed as advancements, validations, and research continue to further scientific understanding. Exascale computing has the capacity to regulate unstable chemicals and materials, answer for the origins of chemical elements, verify natural laws, and investigate particle physics. Without the ability to use supercomputing, scientific discoveries would not have been possible as a result of the research and analysis of these subjects.

Security: The security industry has a high demand for supercomputing. Exascale computing promotes development and efficiency in food production, sustainable urban planning, and natural disaster recovery planning while also assisting us in fending off new physical and cybersecurity to the national, energy, and economic security.

National Security: Exascale computing‘s ability to analyze hostile situations and respond intelligently to threats is advantageous for national security. This amount of processing, which counters many hazards and threats to the nation’s safety, happens at almost unfathomable speeds.

Energy security: Exascale computing makes energy security possible by facilitating the study of stress-resistant crops and aiding in the development of low-emission technology. An essential part of the country’s security initiatives is making sure that food and energy supplies are sustainable.

Economic security: Exascale computing improves economic security in a number of ways. It makes it possible to accurately analyze the danger of natural disasters, including anticipating seismic activity and developing preventative measures. Supercomputing is particularly advantageous for urban planning as it helps with plans for effective building and use of the electricity and electric grid.

Healthcare: Exascale computing has a lot to offer the medical sector, particularly in the area of cancer research. Crucial procedures in cancer research have been transformed and expedited by clever automation capabilities and prediction models for drug responses.

How does exascale computing work?

To simulate the universe’s basic forces, exascale computers solve 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 floating point operations per second.

Built from scratch, these supercomputers address today’s massive demands in analytics, AI, convergence modeling, and simulation. Exascale supercomputers accept a variety of CPUs and GPUs, even from different generations, multisocket nodes, and other processing devices in a single integrated infrastructure, resulting in dependable performance.

Computing design is essential to meeting the demands of your company since workloads change quickly. Supercomputers have a single administration and app development architecture, can be built, and have a variety of silicon processing options.

It require machines that can respond to the most challenging research problems in the world. Despite the enormous amount of hardware and components utilized in their construction, exascale computers are capable of answering these queries by moving data between processors and storage rapidly and without lag.

Exascale computing vs quantum computing

Exascale computing

Systems that use an infrastructure of CPUs and GPUs to handle and analyze data may execute billions of calculations per second, a phenomenon known as exascale computing. Digital systems work in tandem with the world’s most potent hardware to operate this kind of computing.

Quantum computing

Conventional computing techniques do not apply to quantum computing because quantum systems use binary codes to operate simultaneously. The foundation of this process is the simultaneous occurrence of super positioning and entanglement of coding, which is made possible by the principles of quantum theory in physics and efficiently analyzes and solves issues.

Compared to quantum computing, exascale computing can now process and solve issues, inform, and provide technical advancements at a far faster rate. But at this point, quantum computing is poised to significantly outperform exascale computer power. Additionally, quantum computing uses a lot less energy to run workloads comparable to those of exascale supercomputers.