#Export Import Data Company

[importexportinfo]

The Trade Vision provides relevant and ready-to-use global trade data report. The reports are based on a combination of multiple product name, HS codes or any per-defined parameter to give the most accurate and relevant information.

[fatehbaz]

[T]he Dutch Republic, like its successor the Kingdom of the Netherlands, [...] throughout the early modern period had an advanced maritime [trading, exports] and (financial) service [banking, insurance] sector. Moreover, Dutch involvement in Atlantic slavery stretched over two and a half centuries. [...] Carefully estimating the scope of all the activities involved in moving, processing and retailing the goods derived from the forced labour performed by the enslaved in the Atlantic world [...] [shows] more clearly in what ways the gains from slavery percolated through the Dutch economy. [...] [This web] connected them [...] to the enslaved in Suriname and other Dutch colonies, as well as in non-Dutch colonies such as Saint Domingue [Haiti], which was one of the main suppliers of slave-produced goods to the Dutch economy until the enslaved revolted in 1791 and brought an end to the trade. [...] A significant part of the eighteenth-century Dutch elite was actively engaged in financing, insuring, organising and enabling the slave system, and drew much wealth from it. [...] [A] staggering 19% (expressed in value) of the Dutch Republic's trade in 1770 consisted of Atlantic slave-produced goods such as sugar, coffee, or indigo [...].

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One point that deserves considerable emphasis is that [this slave-based Dutch wealth] [...] did not just depend on the increasing output of the Dutch Atlantic slave colonies. By 1770, the Dutch imported over fl.8 million worth of sugar and coffee from French ports. [...] [T]hese [...] routes successfully linked the Dutch trade sector to the massive expansion of slavery in Saint Domingue [the French colony of Haiti], which continued until the early 1790s when the revolution of the enslaved on the French part of that island ended slavery.

Before that time, Dutch sugar mills processed tens of millions of pounds of sugar from the French Caribbean, which were then exported over the Rhine and through the Sound to the German and Eastern European ‘slavery hinterlands’.

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Coffee and indigo flowed through the Dutch Republic via the same trans-imperial routes, while the Dutch also imported tobacco produced by slaves in the British colonies, [and] gold and tobacco produced [by slaves] in Brazil [...]. The value of all the different components of slave-based trade combined amounted to a sum of fl.57.3 million, more than 23% of all the Dutch trade in 1770. [...] However, trade statistics alone cannot answer the question about the weight of this sector within the economy. [...] 1770 was a peak year for the issuing of new plantation loans [...] [T]he main processing industry that was fully based on slave-produced goods was the Holland-based sugar industry [...]. It has been estimated that in 1770 Amsterdam alone housed 110 refineries, out of a total of 150 refineries in the province of Holland. These processed approximately 50 million pounds of raw sugar per year, employing over 4,000 workers. [...] [I]n the four decades from 1738 to 1779, the slave-based contribution to GDP alone grew by fl.20.5 million, thus contributing almost 40% of all growth generated in the economy of Holland in this period. [...]

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These [slave-based Dutch commodity] chains ran from [the plantation itself, through maritime trade, through commodity processing sites like sugar refineries, through export of these goods] [...] and from there to European metropoles and hinterlands that in the eighteenth century became mass consumers of slave-produced goods such as sugar and coffee. These chains tied the Dutch economy to slave-based production in Suriname and other Dutch colonies, but also to the plantation complexes of other European powers, most crucially the French in Saint Domingue, as the Dutch became major importers and processers of French coffee and sugar that they then redistributed to Northern and Central Europe. [...]

The explosive growth of production on slave plantations in the Dutch Guianas, combined with the international boom in coffee and sugar consumption, ensured that consistently high proportions (19% in 1770) of commodities entering and exiting Dutch harbors were produced on Atlantic slave plantations. [...] The Dutch economy profited from this Atlantic boom both as direct supplier of slave-produced goods [from slave plantations in the Dutch Guianas, from Dutch processing of sugar from slave plantations in French Haiti] and as intermediary [physically exporting sugar and coffee] between the Atlantic slave complexes of other European powers and the Northern and Central European hinterland.

---

Text above by: Pepijn Brandon and Ulbe Bosma. "Slavery and the Dutch economy, 1750-1800". Slavery & Abolition Volume 42 (2021), Issue 1. Published online 28 February 2021. DOI at: doi dot org slash 10.1080/01440396 . 2021. 1860464 [Text within brackets added by me for clarity and context. Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me. Presented here for commentary, teaching, criticism.]

[exportimport12]

Explore India's booming paper bag export from India, valued at $3.04 billion. Learn about market insights, top destinations, HS codes, and leading exporters driving sustainable packaging globally!

[seairexim]

A Comprehensive Guide to Garment Exports from India in 2024

India has long been a key player in the global garment industry, with the country’s textile and apparel exports making significant contributions to its economy. In 2024, garment exports from India continue to rise, driven by increasing demand from international markets and the country’s competitive advantages in textiles. This article explores the factors behind this growth, the top garment exporters, India’s position in the global market, and provides insights into garment export data for 2024.

Garment Exporters in India: Leading the Charge

Garment exporters in India have played a crucial role in establishing the country as a leading player in the global apparel market. By leveraging India's competitive advantages such as affordable labor and a vast textile base, these exporters have consistently offered high-quality products at competitive prices. They have also invested in modern manufacturing facilities and embraced sustainable practices to cater to the evolving demands of global consumers. Their commitment to quality, innovation, and sustainability has significantly contributed to the success of India's garment export industry.

A key strategy employed by Indian garment exporters to remain competitive is product diversification. By offering a wide array of garments, from traditional attire to modern fashion and specialized clothing, they cater to diverse consumer preferences across the globe. Additionally, many Indian exporters focus on customization and personalized services, meeting the specific needs of international buyers. Their adoption of sustainable and ethical practices, along with the use of eco-friendly materials and fair labor standards, has enhanced their global reputation, attracting environmentally conscious consumers. Technological innovation, such as automation and digital design tools, further improves production efficiency and product quality, ensuring Indian garment exporters continue to thrive in the global marketplace.

Why Exporting Garments from India is Increasing?

The growth of exporting garments from India can be attributed to several key factors:

Diverse Product Range: India offers a wide range of garments, from traditional ethnic wear to modern fashion apparel. This diversity caters to various market needs across the world, making India a versatile exporter.

Cost-Effective Labor: One of India’s competitive advantages lies in its cost-effective labor force, allowing garment manufacturers to produce high-quality apparel at lower costs compared to many other countries.

Government Support: The Indian government has introduced various initiatives to promote the textile and garment industry. Schemes like the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and rebates on state and central taxes for exporters have further boosted garment exports from India.

Sustainability Initiatives: In recent years, sustainability has become a critical factor in the garment industry. Indian manufacturers are increasingly adopting eco-friendly practices, which appeal to global buyers looking for ethical and sustainable products.

Improved Infrastructure: Over the last decade, India has made significant improvements in its manufacturing and export infrastructure, which has reduced lead times and improved the overall efficiency of the garment export industry.

Global Demand Shift: With China’s focus shifting to high-tech industries, many global buyers are looking for alternative garment suppliers. India, with its large production base and skilled workforce, is emerging as a preferred destination for international buyers.

Top 10 Garment Exporting Countries in the World

Before delving into India’s position in the garment export industry, it’s essential to look at the top 10 garment exporting countries in the world in 2024:

China

Bangladesh

Vietnam

India

Turkey

Indonesia

Cambodia

Italy

Germany

Pakistan

India holds the fourth position globally, with its garment export industry contributing significantly to its foreign exchange reserves. The country’s garment industry is on an upward trajectory, with continuous improvements in quality, innovation, and sustainability.

Top 10 Garment Export Companies in India

India is home to numerous garment manufacturers and exporters, many of which have gained international recognition for their product quality and reliability. Below is a list of the top 10 garment export company in India in 2024:

Shahi Exports Pvt. Ltd. India's largest garment exporter, Shahi Exports, has a strong presence in global markets and a reputation for high-quality products.

Raymond Ltd. Known for its premium apparel, Raymond is a significant player in India’s textile and garment export market.

Arvind Limited A leading textile company, Arvind exports garments to several countries, focusing on high-end apparel.

Gokaldas Exports A well-established garment exporter, Gokaldas has built a strong global client base over the years.

Welspun India Specializing in home textiles, Welspun also has a strong portfolio of garment exports.

Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Ltd. Part of the Aditya Birla Group, this company exports a range of garments, including fashion apparel and casual wear.

Rupa & Co. Ltd. Known for its innerwear, Rupa has a growing export market for its diverse garment offerings.

Pioneer Embroideries Ltd. With a strong foothold in the embroidered garment segment, Pioneer exports garments to markets worldwide.

Indian Terrain Fashions Ltd. A key player in men’s casual wear, Indian Terrain has made significant inroads into global markets.

Monte Carlo Fashions Ltd. Known for its winter wear, Monte Carlo exports a range of garments to several countries.

These companies represent India’s best in the garment export industry, combining innovation, quality, and global appeal to make a mark in international markets.

Who is India’s Largest Garment Exporter?

As of 2024, Shahi Exports Pvt. Ltd. holds the title of India's largest garment exporter. The company operates several manufacturing units across India and exports garments to major markets like the USA, Europe, and the Middle East. With a strong focus on sustainability and quality, Shahi Exports has solidified its position as a leader in the Indian garment export industry.

Garment Export Data for 2024

According to recent garment export data, India’s apparel exports have seen steady growth, with the total export value reaching approximately USD 18 billion in 2024. The major export destinations for Indian garments include the USA, the European Union, the United Arab Emirates, and the UK. Key trends from the export data include:

Increased Demand in the US and EU: The US and European Union remain the largest importers of Indian garments, with demand for both fashion and casual wear growing steadily.

Emerging Markets: Countries in Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia are emerging as new markets for Indian garments, particularly for affordable and durable clothing.

Sustainability Focus: Export data indicates that there is a rising demand for sustainable and eco-friendly garments from India, with buyers increasingly prioritizing ethically sourced materials and production processes.

Online Sales Channels: With the rise of e-commerce, many garment exporters in India are expanding their presence on online platforms, enabling them to reach global consumers more efficiently.

Challenges and Opportunities

While garment exports from India continue to grow, the industry also faces several challenges:

Competition: India faces stiff competition from countries like Bangladesh and Vietnam, which offer lower labor costs and shorter lead times.

Trade Barriers: Tariff and non-tariff barriers imposed by importing countries can impact India’s garment exports.

Sustainability Costs: While sustainability is a growing trend, the costs associated with eco-friendly manufacturing processes can be high, affecting profitability for some exporters.

However, the industry is also brimming with opportunities:

Government Support: Continued support from the government, including export incentives, tax rebates, and infrastructure development, is expected to boost the industry further.

Innovation and Technology: Investments in technology, such as automation and advanced manufacturing techniques, are helping Indian garment manufacturers enhance efficiency and reduce costs.

Conclusion

In 2024, garment exports from India continue to thrive, with several top companies leading the way in global markets. With its diverse product range, cost-effective production, and growing focus on sustainability, India is well-positioned to maintain its strong presence in the international garment industry. By leveraging its strengths and addressing challenges, India’s garment export industry is poised for even greater success in the coming years. However, if you need garment export data, garment HS code, connect with ExportImportData.in.

[anamseair]

https://www.seair.co.in/blog/banana-exports-from-india.aspx

Unlock the potential of banana exports from India with our comprehensive guide! Learn about key export destinations, top exporters, market insights, and growth opportunities. Whether you're a seasoned exporter or just starting out, seize the chance to expand your business and reach global buyers. Access the latest data and resources to navigate the banana export industry successfully.

[thedollarbusinessdxb]

Unlocking Business Success through Accurate and Timely Import Export Info

Let's dive into an inspiring anecdote about how accurate and timely import-export info helped a Dubai-based woman entrepreneur -

Meet Farida, the Dubai Glamour Connoisseur

We first connected with Farida over a Demo call… numbered the dots and solved a big puzzle together. The call ended at the scheduled time leaving behind a trail of inspiration and the fragrance of success.  Farida is an empowered entrepreneur who’s established her own cosmetic brand in the bustling metropolis of Dubai. The legacy she built beyond the glossy packaging had not only gained popularity in the Middle East beauty market but had also reached international markets. However, with the number of captivated beauty enthusiasts going up, Farida faced a significant challenge when it came to sourcing unique and exotic ingredients for her specialty skincare line. Fluctuations in the availability of these ingredients and regulatory changes in sourcing countries posed a constant challenge and were impacting her business. And, that’s where we pitched in to disseminate all relevant information. With a heart full of gratitude, Farida felt a sense of relief.

How Does Accurate and Timely Information Help

Ohkay! So, accurate and timely import-export info underscores the importance of staying informed and adaptive in a competitive market. Information plays a pivotal role in shaping effective business decision-making processes.

Accurate import-export information identifies new market opportunities. The information helps businesses formulate strategies and analyse market trends, demand, and competition across regions.

Risk Management

There is a spectrum of risks involved with international trade. Any change in regulations, tariffs, and trade policies can present a significant impact on trade. Staying up-to-date on the trends in the industry, helps businesses anticipate and manage risks effectively.

Timely information aids in adjusting strategies making them align with the changes – economic, geopolitical, or climatic.

Supply Chain Management

Leveraging access to accurate import-export info in supply-chain management is vital. Accurate import-export information provides insights into the availability and cost of raw materials, components, and finished goods in different markets. This goes a long way in optimizing supply-chain management.

Sourcing, production, and distribution are made easy with timely and accurate information. It ensures an efficient and cost-effective supply chain.

Cost Optimization

Information pertaining to customs duties, taxes, and other trade-related costs is responsible for the seamless entry of products into destination markets. Such information not only helps businesses accurately calculate the total cost that can go into importing or exporting goods but also aids in finding alternatives that can help reduce costs with timely intervention.

Compliance and Regulations

The activities of business enterprises need to be compliant with various international trade regulations and standards. Timely and accurate information related to changes and standards helps business setups avoid potential legal hassles.

Competitive Intelligence

Competitive intelligence helps businesses analyse industry trends and adjust their strategies to stay one or many steps ahead of the competition. The various components of competitive intelligence allow businesses to monitor the activities of industry rivals in areas such as market share, product offerings, and pricing strategies, and help in strategic planning.

Strategic Planning

Accurate and timely information helps import and export businesses align their goals with the trends in the market, economic conditions, and global trade dynamics. Keeping abreast with the market, and timely and accurate information is paramount in building a strong foundation for decision-making.

Customer Satisfaction

Understanding import-export dynamics is crucial for the sustained growth of any business. It ensures customer satisfaction, boosting sales and revenue. To ensure customer satisfaction, it is important to ensure timely availability of products and services, their delivery, and competitive pricing.

One of the most crucial phases of an import and export business deal is the on-time arrival of the shipment at the destination market and quick payment inflow thereafter.

Target Accomplished

Now that you know what you know… you also know what helped ignite Farida’s business and whoosh away the challenges. Accurate and timely information is indispensable to make the entire activity an accomplished one. While quality and accuracy of import-export information helps in contributing to the sustainability of any business in global marketspace, it also aids with -

Informed decision-making

Mitigating risks

Optimizing costs

Strategic planning

[advish1452]

your gateway to global export

[ms-demeanor]

For those who are not aware: Bitlocker is encryption software, it encrypts your computer and makes it impossible to access the information on the computer unless you have the key.

It should be standard practice for IT companies to document the bitlocker keys as they are configuring bitlocker on a computer; generally you would do this by creating a record in your client management software for that specific device and putting the key in the record. Sometimes software can be used to extract that information in the event that it's necessary, but even if there's theoretically a way to extract the key, it should be documented somewhere *other* than on the encrypted computer.

This is something that a lot of IT people fuck up on kind of a lot (we've definitely had problems with missing bitlocker keys and I'm quite happy that the people who didn't document those keys aren't my coworkers anymore).

So what do you do if you want to use encryption software and you're NOT an IT company using a remote management tool that might be able to snag the keys?

When you are setting up encryption, put the encryption key in your password manager. Put it in your password manager. Document the important information that you cannot lose in your password manager. Your password manager is a good place to keep important things like your device encryption key, which you do not want lost or stolen. (If you run your password manager locally on an encrypted computer, export the data every once in a while, save it as an encrypted file, and put the file on your backup drive; you are going to have a bad time if your computer that hosts the only copies of your passwords shits the bed so *make a backup*)

This is my tip for home users for any kind of important recovery codes or software product keys: Print out the key and put it in your underwear drawer. Keep it there with your backup drive. That way you've got your important (small) computer shit in one place that is NOT your computer and is not likely to get shifted around and lost (the way that papers in desks often get shifted around and lost).

[centrally-unplanned]

How do they define which country a thing got made in for tariff purposes? Can you distribute to the US via a 10% country? If not, how much value-add has to be done before it is a new thing? And who audits that (considering that exporter govt's may wish to turn a blind eye to noncompliance)?

Oh this is why Trade Lawyers get paid the big bucks, the level of "It Depends" is very extreme here. Typically this the kind of stuff trade agreements define, very heavily, with a lot of text and addendums - for each good it is gonna have its own rules in practice. A normal approach is something like a value-added threshold, where you have to increase the cost-of-production by X% in a country for it to count as being made in that country.

Bypassing tarrifs via shipping it to a middleman country is a tactic as old as trade, and a constant source of political discourse. We have had a decade+ of people arguing a lot of production in Vietnam & Mexico is just China using middlemen, though I found the typical case there to be weak.

Everyone is involved in this - typically the tariff-imposer has the "fundamental" obligation to make that determination, but as part of that they compel companies to provide data on trade flows and product costs, and the other involved nations will have trade agreement obligations to facilitate the accurate collection of that data, police their borders for illicit imports, etc.

[mariacallous]

MYKOLAIV, UKRAINE—Kateryna Nahorna is getting ready to find trouble.

Part of an all-female team of dog handlers, the 22-year-old is training Ukraine’s technical survey dogs—Belgian Malinois that have learned to sniff out explosives.

The job is huge. Ukraine is now estimated to be the most heavily mined country on Earth. Deminers must survey every area that saw sustained fighting for unexploded mines, missiles, artillery shells, bombs, and a host of other ordnance—almost 25 percent of the country, according to government estimates.

The dogs can cover 1,500 square meters a day. In contrast, human deminers cover 10 square meters a day on average—by quickly narrowing down the areas that manual deminers will need to tackle, the dogs save valuable time.

“This job allows me to be a warrior for my country … but without having to kill anyone,” said Nahorna. “Our men protect us at war, and we do this to protect them at home.”

A highly practical reason drove the women’s recruitment. The specialized dog training was done in Cambodia, by the nonprofit Apopo, and military-aged men are currently not allowed to leave Ukraine.

War has shaken up gender dynamics in the Ukrainian economy, with women taking up jobs traditionally held by men, such as driving trucks or welding. Now, as mobilization ramps up once more, women are becoming increasingly important in roles that are critical for national security.

In Mykolaiv, in the industrial east, Nahorna and her dogs will soon take on one of the biggest targets of Russia’s military strategy when they start to demine the country’s energy infrastructure. Here, women have been stepping in to work in large numbers in steel mills, factories, and railways serving the front line.

It’s a big shift for Ukraine. Before the war, only 48 percent of women over age 15 took part in the workforce — one of the lowest rates in Europe. War has made collecting data on the gender composition of the workforce impossible, but today, 50,000 women serve in the Ukrainian army, compared to 30,000 before the war.

The catalyst came in 2017, years before the current war began. As conflict escalated with Russia in Crimea, the Ukrainian government overturned a Soviet-era law that had previously banned women from 450 occupations.

But obstacles still remain; for example, women are not allowed jobs the government deems too physically demanding. These barriers continue to be chipped away—most recently, women have been cleared to work in underground mines, something they were prevented from doing before.

Viktoriia Avramchuk never thought she would follow her father and husband into the coal mines for DTEK, Ukraine’s largest private energy company.

Her lifelong fear of elevators was a big factor—but there was also the fact that it was illegal for women to work underground.

Her previous job working as a nanny in a local kindergarten disappeared overnight when schools were forced to close at the beginning of the war. After a year of being unemployed, she found that she had few other options.

“I would never have taken the job if I could have afforded not to,” Avramchuk said from her home in Pokrovsk. “But I also wanted to do something to help secure victory, and this was needed.”

The demining work that Nahorna does is urgent in part because more than 55 percent of the country is farmed.

Often called “the breadbasket of Europe,” Ukraine is one of the world’s top exporters of grain. The U.K.-based Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, which has been advising the Ukrainian government on demining technology, estimates that landmines have resulted in annual GDP losses of $11 billion.

“Farmers feel the pressure to plow, which is dangerous,” said Jon Cunliffe, the Ukraine country director of Mines Advisory Group (MAG), a British nonprofit. “So we need to do as much surveying as possible to reduce the size of the possible contamination.”

The dogs can quickly clear an area of heavy vegetation, which greatly speeds up the process of releasing noncontaminated lands back to farmers. If the area is found to be unsafe, human deminers step in to clear the field manually.

“I’m not brave enough to be on the front line,” 29-year-old Iryna Manzevyta said as she slowly and diligently hovered a metal detector over a patch of farmland. “But I had to do something to help, and this seemed like a good alternative to make a difference.”

Groups like MAG are increasingly targeting women. With skilled male deminers regularly being picked up by military recruiters, recruiting women reduces the chances that expensive and time-consuming training will be invested in people who could be drafted to the front line at a moment’s notice. The demining work is expected to take decades, and women, unlike men, cannot be conscripted in Ukraine.

This urgency to recruit women is accelerating a gender shift already underway in the demining sector. Organizations like MAG have looked to recruit women as a way to empower them in local communities. Demining was once a heavily male-dominated sector, but women now make up 30 percent of workers in Vietnam and Colombia, around 40 percent in Cambodia, and more than 50 percent in Myanmar.

In Ukraine, the idea is to make demining an enterprise with “very little expat footprint,” and Cunliffe said that will only be possible by recruiting more women.

“We should not be here in 10 years. Not like in Iraq or South Sudan, where we have been for 30 years, or Vietnam, or Laos,” Cunliffe said. “It’s common sense that we bring in as many women as we can to do that. In five to 10 years, a lot of these women are going to end up being technical field managers, the jobs that are currently being done by old former British military guys, and it will change the face of demining worldwide because they can take those skills across the world.”

Manzevyta is one of the many women whose new job has turned her family dynamics on their head. She has handed over her previous life, running a small online beauty retail site, to her husband, who—though he gripes—stays at home while she is out demining.

“Life is completely different now,” she said, giggling. “I had to teach him how to use the washing machine, which settings to use, everything around the house because I’m mostly absent now.”

More seriously, Manzevyta said that the war has likely changed many women’s career trajectories.

“I can’t imagine people who have done work like this going back and working as florists once the war is over,” she laughed.

[zahri-melitor]

Oh go you good things: Guardian Australia tracked down the exact imports that caused the Norfolk Island and Heard & McDonald Islands "imports' in the data. Spoilers: people using the wrong location codes by accident.

Norfolk Island:

In some cases involving Norfolk Island, which is 1,600km north-east of Sydney and has a population of 2,188, the confusion appears to have resulted from the fact that the company’s address or port of departure is Norfolk, UK, or the destination is Norfolk, Virginia in the US, or a company’s registered address in New Hampshire (NH) has been listed instead as Norfolk Island (NI).

Heard & McDonald Islands:

The territory does have a fishery but no buildings or human habitation. Despite this, according to export data from the World Bank, the US imported US$1.4m (A$2.23m) of products from Heard Island and McDonald Islands in 2022, nearly all of which was “machinery and electrical” imports. The Guardian has identified multiple bills of lading that suggest exports originated from the remote islands but are largely steel or plastic imports from Europe to the US. The paperwork lists the shipper’s address as being in the Heard Island and McDonald Islands rather than Germany or Austria, however.

[thursdayisbetterthanfriday]

Cybernetics with Chinese Characteristics & why we suck at the real Grand Strategy Game

Part 2 - The Quickening

Back in 2023, I wrote this more blog-like post about the mid 20th century McCarthyite purges of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the knock on effects that had - Namely the inception of the Chinese nuclear program, one-child policy and Chinese computing scene.

Since nothing is new under the sun, we have recently witnessed yet another example of America shooting itself in the foot, yet again, due to it's McCarthyite style purge of Chinese technology.

The release of the Chinese created AI system DeepSeek R1 last week has lead to the largest US stock market loss in history with NVIDIA stock decimated.

A record $465 Billion was wiped off its valuation in a single day. In 2024, the government of Turkey spent this much in a year on it's responsibilities?

Why did this happen?

As always, a lot can be put down to US foreign policy, and the in-intended implications of seemingly positive actions.

Do you want to start a trade war?

Back in the relatively uncontroversial days of the first Trump Presidency (Yes it does feel odd saying that) there were scandals with hardware provided by Chinese company Huawei. This led to the  National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 which explicitly banned Huawei and ZTE's hardware from use in US Government institutions. It also meant the US had to authorise US component manufacturer purchases by these companies.

Crucially this had a 27 month window. This allowed both companies to switch suppliers, and production to domestic suppliers. This actually led to Chinese chip advances. Following on from this came the 2022 move by the US Department of Commerce: "Commerce Implements New Export Controls on Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) ". This further limited the supply of semiconductor, supercomputer, and similar hardware to the PRC and associated countries.

Ok, well so far this is fairly dry stuff. You might think it would hamper Chinese development and, to some extent, it did.

It also proved to be the main catalyst for one financial quant.

Meet the Quant

Meet Liang Wenfeng (梁文锋). Educated to masters level, Liang was keen to apply machine learning methods to various field, but couldn't get a break. Finally, in the mid 2000's, he settled on a career investigating quantitative trading using machine learning techniques.

He became successful, founding several trading firms based around using machine learning methods, but his interest in base AI never seemed to cease. It was in 2021 that he started purchasing multiple NVIDIA GPUs to create a side project, leading to the creation of DeepSeek in 2023.

Now, due to import limitations, there were limitations on computation. This, however, did not stop DeepSeek's programming team.

Instead they used it as their strength.

Constrains Breed Innovation

For many years, the Western model of AI releases have focussed on making ever larger and larger models.

Why?

Let's break this down from an evolutionary point of view. Modern Western technology companies are largely monopolistic and monolithic. Many of these companies have previously hired staff at higher salaries not to fill roles, but to deny their competitors, and middle market firms, high-flying staff.

They also closely guard trade secrets. What's the training data? What algorithms were used in construction? Guess you'd better chat up some Silicon Valley bros at parties to find out.

For these kinds of firms, having control over large models, housed in data centres makes perfect sense. Controlling model deployment on their own computing systems, and not using local machines, means that they can not only control their systems more carefully, it also means that they can gatekeep access.

If your business model is to allow people to access your models on your servers, and your employees are focussed on making the biggest, best, models, there is no impetus to innovate more efficient, smaller models.

Companies such as OpenAI therefore have the following traits:

Research/Model focus on size over efficiency

Profit driven culture, with emphasis on closed source code

OpenAI's initial focus was as a non-for-profit developing Artificial General Intelligence. This became a for-profit driven company over time. - “I personally chose the price and thought we would make some money.” - Sam Altman

Staff working within paradigm they set in the early 2020's with established code libraries and direct contact with hardware companies creating chips

Significant capital investment - Upwards of several $ billions

DeepSeek, in comparison, is slightly different

For DeepSeek, necessity made innovation necessary. In order to create similar, or better models, than their counterparts, they needed to significantly optimise their code. This requires significantly more work to create, and write, libraries compared to OpenAI.

DeepSeek was started by financial quants, with backgrounds in mainly mathematics and AI. With a focus on mathematics and research, the main drive of many in the company has been exploration of the research space over concerns about profitability.

DeepSeek has also done what OpenAI stopped years ago: actually releasing the code and data for their models. Not only can these models therefore be run via their own gated servers, anyone can replicate their work and make their own system.

For DeepSeek, their traits were:

Research/Model focus on both efficiency and accuracy

Research driven culture, with open nature - “Basic science research rarely offers high returns on investment” - Liang Wenfeng

Strong mathematical background of staff, with ability to work around software, and hardware, constraints

Low capital investment of around $5.5 million

From an evolutionary point of view, DeepSeek's traits have outcompeted those of OpenAI.

More efficient models cost less to run. They also more portable to local machines.

The strong ability of DeepSeek's research focussed staff allowed them to innovate around hardware constraints

Opening up the code to everyone allows anyone (still with the right hardware) to make their own version.

To top it off, the cost to make, and run, DeepSeek R1 is a fraction of the cost of OpenAI's model

House of Cards

Now we can return to today. NVIDIA has lost significant market value. It's not just limited to NVIDIA, but to the entire US technology sector with the most AI adjacent companies losing from 10% to 30% of their valuation in a single day.

The culture, and business model, of OpenAI isn't just limited to OpenAI, but to the entire US technology ecosystem. The US model has been to create rentier-style financial instruments at sky-high valuations.

US tech stocks have been one of the only success stories for America over the past few decades, ever since the offshoring of many manufacturing industries. Like a lost long-unemployed Detroit auto-worker the US has been mainlining technology like Fentanyl, ignoring the anti-trust doctors advice, injecting pure deregulated substances into its veins.

The new AI boom? A new stronger hit, ready for Wall Street, and Private Equity to tie the tourniquet around its arm and pump it right into the arteries.

Like Prometheus, DeepSeek has delved deep and retrieved fire from the algorithmic gods, and shown it's creation to the world. The stock market is on fire, as the traders are coming off of their high, realising they still live in the ruin of barren, decrepit, warehouses and manufactories. The corporate heads, and company leaders reigning over the wreckage like feudal lords, collecting tithes from the serfs working their domain.

A Tale of Two Cities

The rise of DeepSeek isn't just a one-off story of derring-do in the AI world: It's a symbolic representation of the changing world order. DeepSeek is but one company among many who are outcompeting the US, and the world, in innovation.

Where once US free-markets led the world in manufacturing, technology and military capability, now the US is a country devoid of coherent state regulated free-market principles - its place as the singular world power decimated by destroying the very systems which made it great.

"Our merchants and master-manufacturers complain much of the bad effects of high wages in raising the price, and thereby lessening the sale of their goods both at home and abroad. They say nothing concerning the bad effects of high profits. They are silent with regard to the pernicious effects of their own gains. They complain only of those of other people." - Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

By selling the jobs of working class communities to overseas businesses, destroying unions and creating rentier based business models without significant anti-trust measures, US business and political elites have sealed the present fate of the country.

The CCP led, but strongly anti-trust enforcing, China has been able to innovate, ironically, using the free-market principles of Adam Smith to rise up and create some of the world's best innovations. The factories, opened by Western business leaders to avoid union/worker labour costs in their own countries, have led Shenzhen, and similar cities, to become hubs of technological innovation - compounding their ability to determine the future of technologies across the world.

Will America be able to regain its position on top? It's too early to say, but the innovative, talented, people who made America in the 20th century can certainly do it again.

As Franklin D. Roosevelt once said: “The liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerated the growth of private power to a point where it becomes stronger than the democratic state itself...

We know now that Government by organized money is just as dangerous as Government by organized mob.

Never before in all our history have these forces been so united against one candidate as they stand today. They are unanimous in their hate for me—and I welcome their hatred.”

Until then, here's a farewell to the American Century 在那之前, 再见美国世纪

[seairexim]

Fruit Export from India: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

India is renowned for its diverse range of fruits, many of which are in high demand globally. The country’s favourable climate and rich soil conditions enable the production of various fruits throughout the year. This post delves into the intricacies of fruit export from India, providing comprehensive data, insights into the most exported fruits, notable export companies, and primary destination countries, and identifying the largest fruit exporter in the nation.

Fruit Export Data from India

The fruit export sector in India has shown remarkable growth over the years. According to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), according to Fruit Export Data, India exported fresh fruits worth approximately USD 1.3 billion in the fiscal year 2022-2023. This figure signifies a robust demand for Indian fruits in the international market, driven by their quality and variety.

Key Statistics

Total Fruit Export Value: USD 1.3 billion (2022-2023)

Growth Rate: 5% annually over the past five years

Top Export Destinations: UAE, USA, UK, Bangladesh, and Netherlands

Leading Ports for Export: Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Cochin

Most Exported Fruits from India

India exports a variety of fruits, but some stand out due to their high demand and export volume. Here is the list of most exported fruit from India:

Mangoes Mangoes are the crown jewel of Indian fruit exports. Known as the "King of Fruits," Indian mangoes, particularly Alphonso, Kesar, and Banganapalli varieties, are highly sought after.

Bananas India is one of the largest producers of bananas, and they are among the top fruits exported from the country. The Cavendish variety is the most popular for export.

Grapes Indian grapes, especially the Thompson Seedless variety, enjoy high demand in European markets.

Pomegranates Pomegranates, particularly the Bhagwa variety, are known for their rich taste and health benefits, making them a popular export item.

Citrus Fruits Oranges, lemons, and limes are also significant contributors to India's fruit export portfolio.

Notable Fruit Export Companies in India

Several companies play a pivotal role in the fruit export industry. Here are a few prominent fruit export company names:

INI Farms INI Farms is a leading player in the export of bananas and pomegranates. They focus on quality and sustainable farming practices.

Freshtrop Fruits Limited Freshtrop Fruits Limited specializes in exporting grapes and pomegranates to Europe and other global markets.

Desai Fruits and Vegetables Pvt. Ltd. Desai Fruits and Vegetables is known for exporting premium-quality bananas and mangoes to various international destinations.

Kay Bee Exports Kay Bee Exports deals with a wide range of fruits, including mangoes, pomegranates, and grapes, ensuring high standards of quality and safety.

Key Fruit Exporting Countries

India exports fruits to numerous countries worldwide. The primary fruit exporting countries are:

United Arab Emirates (UAE) The UAE is the largest importer of Indian fruits, with a particular preference for mangoes and bananas.

United States of America (USA) The USA imports a significant volume of Indian mangoes and grapes, appreciated for their taste and quality.

United Kingdom (UK) The UK market has a high demand for Indian pomegranates, grapes, and mangoes.

Bangladesh Bangladesh imports various Indian fruits, with bananas and citrus fruits being the most popular.

Netherlands The Netherlands is a key gateway for Indian fruits into the European market, especially grapes and mangoes.

Largest Fruit Exporter in India

Identifying the largest fruit exporter in India can be challenging due to the diverse range of fruits and companies involved. However, based on export volume and market presence, INI Farms stands out as a leading exporter, particularly in the banana and pomegranate sectors.

Conclusion

India's fruit export industry is a vital component of its agricultural economy, showcasing a diverse range of fruits that are cherished globally. The continuous efforts of export companies and the support from governmental bodies like APEDA ensure that Indian fruits maintain their high quality and reach markets worldwide. With a steady growth trajectory, the future of fruit export from India looks promising, benefiting both farmers and the economy at large.

FAQs

Q1. What are the most exported fruits from India?

The most exported fruits from India include mangoes, bananas, grapes, pomegranates, and citrus fruits.

Q2. Which countries import the most fruits from India?

The primary importers of Indian fruits are the UAE, USA, UK, Bangladesh, and the Netherlands.

Q3. Who is the largest fruit exporter in India?

INI Farms is considered one of the largest fruit exporters in India, especially for bananas and pomegranates.

Q4. What is the value of fruit exports from India?

In the fiscal year 2022-2023, India exported fruits worth approximately USD 1.3 billion.

Q5. What are the key ports for fruit export in India?

The major ports for fruit export in India are Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Cochin.

[frightmaresandscreamscapes]

Tariffs

i asked elon musks ai to explain this to me, so i would be getting my information from what everyone is calling an unbiased source. so this is per GROK collection of data on the subject have fun......

Canada is a significant supplier of energy to the United States. According to various sources:

Crude Oil: Canada supplies about 60% of the U.S.'s crude oil imports.

Natural Gas: Canada is the source of nearly all (98% or 99%) of the U.S.'s natural gas imports.

Electricity: Canada exports a considerable amount of electricity to the U.S., with figures indicating around 33 terawatt-hours in 2023, which constitutes about 90% of the U.S.'s annual electricity imports.

Uranium: Canada also supplies 25% of the U.S.'s uranium imports.

This overview shows that the U.S. heavily relies on Canada for various forms of energy, making Canada one of the largest energy suppliers to the U.S.

So the government just taxes it's constituents by way of tariffs

Yes, in essence, tariffs can be seen as a way for the government to tax its constituents, but the mechanism and impact are more nuanced:

Direct Payment: Importers pay the tariff directly to the government when goods enter the country. These importers might be domestic companies or individuals.

Indirect Impact: The burden often gets passed on indirectly. Here's how:

Consumers: If importers increase the price of goods to cover the cost of tariffs, consumers end up paying more for these products. This is effectively a tax on consumption.

Businesses: Companies might absorb part of the tariff cost to remain competitive, impacting their profit margins or leading them to find cost-saving measures elsewhere, which could indirectly affect employees or other business decisions.

Revenue Collection: The government collects this revenue, which can be used for public expenditure, reducing other taxes, or paying down national debt. However, the primary goal of tariffs might also include protecting domestic industries, which can lead to higher prices for goods in general, not just imports.

Market Dynamics: Tariffs can alter market dynamics, sometimes leading to higher prices for both imported and domestic goods if domestic producers raise their prices due to less competition.

Economic Theory: Economists often discuss tariffs in terms of "tax incidence," which looks at who ultimately bears the economic burden. The incidence can split between consumers and producers based on how sensitive demand and supply are to price changes (elasticity).

So, while tariffs are a form of taxation that directly affects importers, the economic burden or "tax" can be shared among consumers, domestic producers, and importers in various proportions, depending on many factors including the specifics of the tariff, the type of goods, and market conditions.

Why does Donald trump think tariffs will pay America via foreign countries if it's the importer is the one that pays it

Donald Trump's rhetoric on tariffs, particularly during his campaigns and presidency, often emphasized the notion that tariffs are paid by foreign countries, which would, in turn, benefit the U.S. economy. Several reasons might explain this perspective:

Misunderstanding or Simplification for Political Messaging:

Trump might have simplified or misrepresented how tariffs work to fit into a political narrative. By saying that foreign countries pay tariffs, he could appeal to those who view trade as a zero-sum game where the U.S. should "win" against other countries. This simplification might be intended to resonate with voters by portraying him as tough on trade with nations perceived as economic adversaries, particularly China.

Negotiation Strategy:

Trump often used tariffs as leverage in trade negotiations. His claim that foreign countries pay might have been part of a strategy to pressure those countries into making concessions, assuming that they would see the tariffs as a direct cost they must bear to maintain access to the U.S. market.

Revenue Focus:

He emphasized the revenue aspect of tariffs, stating that they would fill the U.S. Treasury with money from foreign countries. This view overlooks the fact that while tariffs do generate revenue for the government, the economic cost is borne domestically by importers and consumers. Trump might have focused on the revenue collection aspect to highlight his plan to reduce the national deficit or fund his tax cuts without directly increasing domestic taxes.

Economic Nationalism:

Trump's economic policy was often framed under the banner of "America First," where tariffs were seen as a tool to protect and revive American industries. By suggesting that other countries pay, he could frame tariffs as a means to correct trade imbalances, even if economically, it's the domestic importers and consumers who bear the cost.

Public Perception and Media:

Trump's communication style frequently involved bold claims and straightforward messages over nuanced explanations. This approach might cater to public perception or media narratives where complex economic concepts are reduced to soundbites.

However, from an economic standpoint, as numerous analyses and expert opinions have pointed out, tariffs are typically paid by domestic importers, who then might pass on these costs to consumers or absorb them, affecting the price of goods or profit margins:

Economists' View: Studies and statements from economists, including those from institutions like the Peterson Institute for International Economics, have consistently shown that while tariffs generate revenue for the U.S. government, the economic burden largely falls on American businesses and consumers through higher prices or reduced profits.

Public Discourse on X: Posts on X have highlighted the misunderstanding, with users clarifying that tariffs are not paid by the exporting country but by U.S. importers, indirectly affecting U.S. consumers.

These sources emphasize that while the government collects the tariff revenue, it's the domestic market that feels the economic impact.

[datavaultinsightsllp]

Unlocking Global Trade Insights: The Power of Import and Export Data

Businesses, analysts, and policymakers must comprehend import and export data in the connected global economy of today. Trade data provides vital information about global supply chains, competitive environments, and market trends. Access to precise and timely import-export trade data can be crucial for small exporters searching for new markets or multinational corporations honing their sourcing strategy.

What is Import and Export Data?

Import and export data refers to detailed records of goods traded between countries. These records usually include information such as:

Product descriptions and codes (usually using HS Code or Harmonized System)

Quantity and value of goods traded

Countries of origin and destination

Ports used in shipping

Names of importers and exporters (in some datasets)

Date and mode of shipment

Governments collect this data through customs declarations and publish it either publicly or through commercial channels.

Why Is Import Export Data Important?

Market Research & Opportunity Identification Businesses can identify which products are in high demand in specific countries. For example, if India is importing a high volume of electronics from China, it indicates a steady market demand that other suppliers may tap into.

Competitor Analysis With the help of import export data providers, companies can analyze their competitors’ trade volumes, sourcing strategies, and market reach. This transparency can fuel more strategic planning.

Supply Chain Optimization Importers can identify alternative suppliers, especially during disruptions. Exporters, on the other hand, can find new buyers globally, improving resilience and profitability.

Regulatory Compliance Knowing the proper HS code and documentation needed can ensure smooth customs clearance. Import export trade data also helps businesses stay compliant with regulations like anti-dumping laws or sanctions.

How to Access Import and Export Data

There are two main sources for accessing trade data:

Government Databases Many governments publish import/export statistics through trade ministries or customs departments. For instance, the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) or India’s Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) provide some free tools.

Import Export Data Providers Professional data providers offer more granular and actionable data, often including shipment-level details, company names, and advanced analytics tools. These services may come with a subscription fee but provide great value for in-depth market intelligence.

Some popular import export data providers include:

ImportGenius

Panjiva

Export Genius

TradeMap

Datamyne

These platforms often allow you to filter data by HS code, time period, country, product category, or company name, offering deep insights.

Applications of Import Export Trade Data

Business Expansion: A company producing solar panels can study which countries are importing such products and approach potential buyers.

Price Benchmarking: Traders can compare average prices per unit in different markets and negotiate better deals.

Trend Analysis: Historical data can highlight seasonal trends or emerging markets for certain products.

Customs Brokerage: Brokers can use the data to guide clients through documentation, tariffs, and regulations in different regions.

Challenges in Using Import Export Data

While powerful, this data isn’t always straightforward. Challenges may include:

Data Inconsistency: Not all countries report data in the same format or frequency.

Data Accessibility: Some detailed data sets are behind paywalls.

Privacy: In certain jurisdictions, business names in shipment-level data are restricted for privacy reasons.

Final Thoughts

Data that is imported and exported is a strategic asset that is more than just numbers. Businesses can confidently and clearly navigate global markets with the assistance of a trustworthy import export data provider. Import export trade data is your key to making well-informed, data-driven decisions, whether you're sourcing products, researching new markets, or evaluating the competition.

To stay ahead in the constantly changing world of commerce, embrace the power of global trade intelligence.

[ms-demeanor]

Maybe I should wait for the PDF, but I’ve been thinking about password managers lately and might forget to check for that. My problem is that if there’s one thing I want to never ever put on the cloud to potentially get compromised, it’s my password information. But if there’s one thing I don’t want to lose access to, it’s also my password information. This seems to rule out both local options like KeePassXC and remote ones like Bitwarden.

I've started to become somewhat annoyed by the "there is no cloud, there is only someone else's computer" thing (this is a general thing, not specifically directed at you but you reminded me of it).

The risks of putting things on the cloud are that the internet or the provider will go down and you'll lose access to your data OR that the data will be compromised because the information is essentially public because it's on someone else's device.

Losing access because the provider crashes and burns or because there is a global internet outage is a distinct possibility, however with most password managers it is very very easy to download a copy of your data, which you can then store as an encrypted file on your desktop.

With companies like Bitwarden and Proton, which have open source encrypted cloud storage, your risk of compromise from being on someone else's computer is essentially zero. It IS important to make sure that you're finding a provider who is actually encrypting your shit and is not holding onto your password, which is why Bitwarden and Proton are the providers I keep recommending (privacyguides.org has recommendations here; bitwarden, protonpass, and keepassxc are all on the list, all of these are extremely safe options).

And that's where I have the problem with the "other people's computer" thing. I would have zero problems with storing a properly encrypted file in the comments of a facebook page. If a document had good encryption I would post it on livejournal and not worry about people getting into it. If you are working with good encryption, there is zero risk of compromise when keeping your shit on someone else's computer.

So I actually think the solution for either side of this conundrum is the same: If you're worried about losing access to your password manager because a service shuts down or the internet blows up, download a copy of your data to your desktop and store it in an encrypted folder on your computer. If you're worried about losing access to your password manager if your physical hardware is damaged in a disaster, export a copy of your data, save it as an encrypted file, and upload your encrypted file to gmail for all it matters - they will straight up not be able to get into it.

But that's also all kind of beside the point because a major feather in Bitwarden's cap is that you can self-host. It doesn't need to go on someone else's cloud, you can put it on your own server and never worry that someone else is going to tinker with your password manager.

Either way, you are sort of worrying beyond your means because if you're not using a password manager right now you are almost certainly at greater risk of credential stuffing attacks than anything else and need to put out that fire.

Anyway if you're at Harvey Mudd have you tried Dr. Grubbs across from where Rhino used to be? Everything on the menu is great but there is this jalapeño garlic sauce they've got to go with their mains that is so good that I want like two gallons of it.