#Garveyites

[ausetkmt]

Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association

Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association

This book has the important element that is missing in most of the books and articles on Garvey―a political analysis of what the Garvey Movement was about.

[gravalicious]

UNIA members, Dominica.

Source: Robert A. Hill - The Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers: Caribbean Diaspora, 1920-1921, Volume XII (2014)

[seekandsekkle]

January 7th Ethiopian Christmas Celebration. Nyabinghi Drumming. Empress and King. Melkam Gena #ethiopia #boboshanti

[ptseti]

August 17, 1887 Happy birthday Marcus

PAN-AFRICANIST MARCUS GARVEY

Iconic Pan-Africanist Marcus Garvey was born on this day 17th August in St Ann's Bay, Jamaica in 1887.

In his 52 years on earth he became one of the most influential Pan-Africans to ever walk the earth. He inspired some of our favourites like Dr Kwame Nkrumah and Malcolm X, whose parents were Garveyites.

Garvey was a political activist, publisher, journalist and orator. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL), a Pan-African organisation with branches in many countries.

However, his dedication to African liberation during heightened racial oppression in the US put the arrow on his back. Due to his massive influence throughout the Americas and beyond, he was a target for soon-to-be FBI director J Edgar Hoover.

He was tasked with destroying Garvey's mass movement and, in 1920, sent an undercover agent to infiltrate the UNIA-ACL. It led to Garvey serving jail time and sunk hopes of using his Black Star Line steamship to migrate Africans in America back to their ancestral home.

Despite this, Garvey was unwavering in his calls for a strong, sovereign Africa and for Africans to unite.

It had a profound influence on independence struggles on the continent. Ghana, one of the first states to become independent in Africa, placed the black star, popularised by Garvey, in the middle of their country's flag. Despite joining the ancestors 84 years ago his contributions to Africa and African people worldwide have been long-lasting.

[demondmayhew016]

#GARVEYITE 🇯🇲💚💛❤️✊✨

[vokaldialect]

Words by my Brotha from another mother @dswats7080 (Knowledge Born 7)🟥⬛🟩✊🏿‼ #knowledgeiskey #garveyite #Blacklove

[lboogie1906]

Toni Cade Bambara, born Miltona Mirkin Cade (March 25, 1939 – December 9, 1995), was a civil rights activist, writer, teacher, and filmmaker. She was born in Harlem. At the age of six, she changed her name to Toni, and in 1970 she added the surname Bambara after finding it among her great-grandmother’s belongings. She earned her BA in Theater Arts/English at Queens College, the same year she published “Sweet Town,” her first short story. She was a social investigator from 1959 to 1961 and then worked in the psychiatry department of New York City’s Metropolitan Hospital. She studied in Florence as well as Paris and earned an MA degree from City College of New York. She was hired to teach English at the City University of New York’s fledgling SEEK program. She published short stories and became interested in film production. She was an associate professor of English at Livingston College. Her influence for her writings came from the streets of New York, where she experienced the teachings of Garveyites, Muslims, Pan-Africanists, and Communists against the backdrop and the culture of jazz music. She edited a collection of short stories, poems, and articles titled The Black Women (1970) and Tales and Stories for Black Folks (1971). She wrote her first screenplay, “Zora”. She published her collection of short stories in Gorilla, My Love, edited by Toni Morrison and featuring fifteen stories on African American women’s relationships and self-love. She risked travel to Communist Cuba and Viet Nam to research women and then took a series of academic appointments at several universities. She published another collection of her short stories in 1977, The Sea Birds are Still Alive. She published her first novel, The Salt Eaters, which earned the American Book Award. She won the Langston Hughes Society Award, another prestigious writing honor. She concentrated more on script writing and television production, often with political and social messages. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #womenhistorymonth https://www.instagram.com/p/CqODLpJLJAn/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"During the summer of 1942, after the forced removals and mass imprisonment of Japanese Americans in the western United States, the FBI and police arrested eighty African American "admirers" of Japan in Chicago, with the FBI claiming that the Nation of Islam was receiving military equipment from Japanese spies. Among them was Elijah Muhammad, who had already been arrested once that summer for draft evasion. He was held for over a month on a $5,000 bond before thirty Muslims wearing "red buttons showing a 'mystical' white crescent... [with] turbans of varying colors worn by the women and crescent rings on the hands of the men" surrounded the jail for fourteen hours, demanding that they, too, be put in prison for draft evasion.

The second, more dramatic raid in Chicago was the culmination of months of coordination between police and the FBI. Federal agents reportedly infiltrated temple meetings in blackface before eventually arresting members and confiscating materials. After the raid, a federal jury found "hundreds of books, pamphlets and documents said to advocate overthrow of the white race by Negroes with the aid of the Japanese," as well as wooden guns and flags, which the FBI believed were used in "military drills preparatory to the day when they would take over the government." After "waiting on the go-ahead from Washington," agents struck in September 1942. In court, Muslim men claimed to be "Asiatic" and explained that their surnames had been stolen during their ancestors' enslavement. When asked why they had not registered with the Selective Service, they answered, "I have registered with Allah."

The NOI's identification with Japan had earned it a place among the groups targeted by the FBI's new RACON (short for "racial conditions") program. A young J. Edgar Hoover had designed RACON to investigate "Foreign-Inspired Agitation among the American Negroes" during the war. By the summer of 1942, the Nation of Islam was among the Black Nationalist groups in the crosshairs. The federal agents' racial anxieties were clear. A Washington FBI field office agent remarked of Muhammad's appearance, "Although he is a Georgia negroe [sic], he looks like a Japanese, having slant eyes." Muhammad was informed that his crime was his public identification with the United States' wartime enemy. He wouldn't be the last.

A year later, an eighteen-year-old Malcolm Little appeared before a local draft board in Manhattan. "With my wild zoot suit I wore the yellow knob-toe shoes, and I frizzled my hair up into a reddish bush of conk," he recalled. In his flowing hipster outfit, similar to one that Chicanos known as Pachucos had been beaten for wearing that same year in Los Angeles by American servicemen, Malcolm started "noising around that [he] was frantic to join... the Japanese Army" and intimated to the psychiatrist at the draft board that he wanted to organize Black soldiers to kill whites. Biographer Manning Marable commented that Malcolm's self-presentation "directly repudiated the militant, assertive Black model of his father," who was a Garveyite. Yet Robin Kelley explained that "while the suit itself was not meant as a direct political statement, the social context in which it was created and worn rendered it so." Amid the wartime fabric rationing of the time, sensationalist crime rhetoric about zoot suiters, and the internment of Japanese Americans, Malcolm's cultural politics were already signaling the anticolonial global solidarity that he would find and embrace with the Nation of Islam in prison. Both Malcolm and Muhammad saw World War II as a "white man's war" and framed their opposition by identifying with the Japanese cause. In 1950, the FBI opened a file on Malcolm X provoked by a letter he wrote to President Truman from prison in which he identified himself as a Communist who had "tried to enlist in the Japanese Army."

The incarceration of these two men has often stood in for the larger history of Muslims in prison, individualizing an experience which was in fact deeply communal. In April 1942, for example, James Nipper, a window washer for the Department of Agriculture, explained to a judge in Washington, D.C., that he had not registered for the draft because he was taught to "be on the side of our nation Islam, which is composed of the dark peoples of the earth, consisting of the Black, brown, red and yellow people." John Miller and Harry Craighead both testified that they joined the "Islam Nation" in 1940. Frank Eskridge said, "Allah is my keeper and Allah has my card." John X explained that "Anderson is my last name, but that is only a name you gave me. Such family names are the names of former slaveowners whose human chattels assumed their masters' names upon regaining freedom. By 1945, as NOI membership dipped below one thousand, nearly two hundred Muslim men had served time in federal prison for draft evasion, constituting the largest group of Black conscientious objectors (COS) during the war.

The Nation of Islam's decision to "register with Allah" brought Muslims into contact with other war resisters who challenged racial segregation, U.S. imperialism, and prison censorship. But incarcerated Muslims were largely regarded by prison officials during this period as "model prisoners" or, as one wrote, as "meek" [but] potentially dangerous." Historians have speculated on the lessons Elijah Muhammad took from his incarceration, citing the self-sufficiency of prison farming and the use of radio broadcasts, both of which were incorporated into the Nation of Islam upon his release. Significantly, prisons became active recruiting grounds for new members. Perhaps most importantly, the near devastation of the Nation of Islam during the war due to FBI surveillance and the imprisonment of high-ranking members made Muhammad profoundly aware of the cost of conspicuous political stands."

- Garrett Felber, Those Who Know Don't Say: The Nation of Islam, the Black Freedom Movement, and the Carceral State. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020. p. 16-18.

[thottybrucewayne]

I'm still not over the Pan Africanist Garveyite swiftie

[ausetkmt]

Marcus Garvey - Garveyites And The Garveyism Movement 

Marcus Mosiah Garvey, the master organiser, was born into Jamaica's colonial system and decided to fight for change. After reading Booker T Washington's autobiography, he was devoted to teaching the black community the importance of being self-reliant through education. 

He had high aspirations for building a worldwide organisation to empower people of African descent. His goals would inspire later leaders like Kwame Nkrumah, Steve Biko, and Malcolm X. Garveyism symbolised the transformation of how black people worldwide looked at themselves and their place in the world. 

Garveyism taught that Black people would only be recognised when they were economically and spiritually strong, preached an independent Black economy within the structure of white capitalism, and inducted a black spiritual leader, a flag and a black national anthem. 

The UNIA established the Negro Factories Corporation, the Black Star shipping Line (1919) and a chain of businesses, including grocery shops, restaurants, a printing press, laundries and a hotel. .

[gravalicious]

Marcus Garvey Day, New York (Photographer: Kwame Brathwaite).

[rootsreggaehub]

Gauge what this man had accomplished and when he accomplished it! He by himself taught our forefathers to lift their heads and be prideful in themselves, self relain and self sufficient! He was the first to have a "million man march" in #HARLEM. His Movement is what birthed Malcolm X by way of tutelage from his parents who were #garveyites themselves! He was the one who published literary work in several languages. He created the trading between #Africa and the US with his BlackStarLiner(s)! Now think about it, why would your enemy teach you about this man, they'd rather you swallowed Obamas rhetoric and remain a fleeting illusion of "Change"...ACTION has always spoken louder than eloquent WORDS, Find your Purpose Find your Passion Find your Peace 🎯 Long Live the Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey ❤🖤💚 "Look for me in the Whirlwind" #MMG #RootsReggaeHub #1love❤️💚💛👆👆🙌🙌 #MarcusGarvey #upyemightyraceandaccomplishwhatyouwill #negroworld #blackstarnurses #blackstarliner #jamaica 🇯🇲 #blackredeemer #africa #blacknation #homeandabroad #africanhero #diaspora #reggaeallday 🖤✊🏾 https://www.instagram.com/p/CBt1q9Mn_4a/?igshid=msxtlnnbkhgb

[serious2020]

Powerful!

[demondmayhew016]

#Black Conscious 🇯🇲💚💛❤️✊✨

#Garveyite ✨

[thelastapostle]

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Eric Haylock (@erichaylock)

#GARVEYITES #ericjonhaylock #regalgarb https://erichaylock-clothing.luxurybrand.shoes/ https://www.instagram.com/p/CW8eAkyjDQL/?utm_medium=tumblr

[lboogie1906]

Toni Cade Bambara, born Miltona Mirkin Cade (March 25, 1939 – December 9, 1995), was a civil rights activist, writer, teacher, and filmmaker. She was born in Harlem. At the age of six, she changed her name to Toni, and in 1970 she added the surname Bambara after finding it among her great-grandmother’s belongings.

She earned her BA in Theater Arts/English at Queens College, the same year she published “Sweet Town,” her first short story. She was a social investigator from 1959 to 1961 and then worked in the psychiatry department of New York City’s Metropolitan Hospital. She studied in Florence as well as Paris and earned an MA degree from City College of New York. She was hired to teach English at the City University of New York’s fledgling SEEK program. She published short stories and became interested in film production. She was an associate professor of English at Livingston College.

Her influence for her writings came from the streets of New York, where she experienced the teachings of Garveyites, Muslims, Pan-Africanists, and Communists against the backdrop and the culture of jazz music. She edited a collection of short stories, poems, and articles titled The Black Women (1970) and Tales and Stories for Black Folks (1971). She wrote her first screenplay, “Zora”. She published her collection of short stories in Gorilla, My Love, edited by Toni Morrison and featuring fifteen stories on African American women’s relationships and self-love.

She risked travel to Communist Cuba and Vietnam to research women and then took a series of academic appointments at several universities. She published another collection of her short stories in 1977, The Sea Birds Are Still Alive. She published her first novel, The Salt Eaters, which earned the American Book Award. She won the Langston Hughes Society Award, another prestigious writing honor. She concentrated more on script writing and television production, often with political and social messages. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #womenhistorymonth