El-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (Malcolm X) Speaks on Celebrities and Separation at UC Berkeley (1963)
"I just told you a little while ago these 'leaders' that they called leaders. this
included (laughs) Lena Horne, this included Dick Gregory and this included comedians, comics, trumpet players, baseball players. Show me in the white community where a comedian is a 'white leader.' Show me in the white community where a singer is a 'white leader. Or a dancer or a trumpet player is a 'white leader', these aren't leaders. These are puppets and clowns that have been set up over the white community and- over the Black community by the white community and have been made celebrities and usually say exactly what they know that the white man wants to hear."
An influential Black nationalist and Pan-Africanist activist of the Civil Rights era, Malcom X, born Malcom Little, grew up in frequently changing homes in the North and East, his father being a Pan-Africanist who was frequently harassed and may have been murdered by white supremacist groups. These experiences installed a racial consciousness in Malcom from a young age, and this would only grow as he aged. During a stint in prison, Malcom became a member of the Nation of Islam, and adopted the surname "X" in accordance with its teachings. He began ministering for the NOI after prison and began to gain national prominence for his political activities in support of Black self-determination, arguing that Black people should defend and advance their rights by any means necessary. He left the NOI in 1964 after growing conflicts with its leadership, and converted to Sunni Islam. Soon after, he went on Hajj to Mecca, and the experience strengthened his faith and his belief in Islam as a uniting force. He continued to speak in a variety of forums, denouncing American imperialism and racism. Malcom X was assassinated in 1965, allegedly by members of the Nation of Islam, which had continued to feud with Malcom after his departure from its ranks, but US government involvement has long been suspected.
"You don't have a peaceful revolution. You don't have a turn-the-cheek revolution. There's no such thing as a nonviolent revolution."