#India document law

[murvinnriservices]

Legal Services for NRIs in India– Trusted & Transparent

We provide legal assistance in property, inheritance, disputes & more. Murvin’s team ensures all your legal needs are handled smoothly.

[maadiveedu-real-estate-insights]

Penalties for Not Registering Property in India 2025

Buying a property—whether it’s a flat, land, or house—is a major milestone. But many buyers forget or delay the most crucial step: property registration. Not registering your property can lead to serious legal risks, financial penalties, and even loss of ownership.

Buy legally verified properties with clear registration – Explore listings now on MaadiVeedu.com!

In this blog, we explain everything you need to know about stamp duty, registration rules, penalties, and real-life risks if you skip or delay registration.

What Is Property Registration?

Property registration is the process of recording the ownership details in government records. This is done at the Sub-Registrar Office under the Indian Registration Act, 1908.

During registration:

The buyer and seller sign the sale deed

The buyer pays stamp duty and registration charges

The document is officially recorded in government land records

Once registered, the buyer becomes the legal owner of the property.

Why Property Registration Is Mandatory

Skipping property registration means:

You have no legal proof of ownership

You cannot resell, lease, or mortgage the property legally

You face fines, legal disputes, or worse—lose the property

✅ Real-Life Example:

Sita bought land near Hyderabad through an unregistered agreement in 2020. She trusted the seller and didn’t register the sale deed. In 2023, she discovered the seller resold the land to someone else—with legal registration. Since Sita had no registered documents, her case was dismissed in court.

Penalties for Not Registering Property

Let’s look at the actual penalties and legal consequences of not registering your property:

⚠️ 1. Your Sale Is Invalid in Law

If the sale deed is not registered, the transaction is considered incomplete and not legally binding. This means:

You are not the legal owner

Courts will not accept your unregistered document in disputes

Tip: Always sign and register the sale deed in the Sub-Registrar Office.

⚠️ 2. Penalty for Delayed Stamp Duty Payment

Each state gives a 4-month window to register property. If you miss this:

You will be asked to pay a penalty up to 10 times the original stamp duty

In some states, the delay can even attract daily fines

Example (Tamil Nadu): If your stamp duty is ₹1.5 lakhs and you delay by a year, you may have to pay up to ₹15 lakhs in penalties.

⚠️ 3. You Cannot Sell or Transfer the Property

If the property is not registered in your name, you can’t:

Sell it

Gift it

Will it to your children

Use it as collateral for a bank loan

Even government authorities will not approve mutation or name change in records without registration.

⚠️ 4. Risk of Fraud and Double Sale

Without a registered document:

Sellers can resell the same property to others

Fraudsters may claim false ownership

You cannot defend yourself in court

Example: In Pune, a builder sold flats to multiple buyers using only sale agreements. Only the buyer who completed registration could claim legal ownership. The others had to fight long cases with little hope.

⚠️ 5. No Bank Loan or Government Benefits

Banks and NBFCs require registered title deeds to offer:

Home loans

Property loans

Subsidies like PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana)

Without registration, you lose all access to financing.

Understanding Stamp Duty and Charges

What is Stamp Duty?

It’s a state government tax paid when you buy a property. It varies by state, city, and buyer category (women, senior citizens, etc.).

Average Stamp Duty Rates (2025):

Tip: Use the online stamp duty calculator provided by your state’s registration department.

How to Register Your Property – Step by Step

Draft the Sale Deed: Include details like property description, buyer, seller, price.

Calculate Stamp Duty: Pay the exact amount online or at banks.

Book Appointment at Sub-Registrar Office

Execute the Document: Buyer and seller sign before the registrar.

Submit ID Proof, PAN, Photographs

Get Registered Deed with Serial Number

Tip: Use a local lawyer or documentation expert to avoid errors.

Legal Tips to Avoid Penalties

✅ Register within 4 months from the date of agreement

✅ Pay the correct stamp duty and collect receipts

✅ Check if the property is free from past dues, litigation, or disputes

✅ Do not rely on Power of Attorney sales—register under your own name

✅ Update your name in revenue and municipal records after registration

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Can I claim ownership of a property without registration?

A: No. Without registration, you have no legal proof of ownership.

Q2. What is the time limit to register after purchase?

A: Usually 4 months from the date of signing the sale deed.

Q3. Can I register a property later by paying a fine?

A: Yes, but it involves a heavy penalty, and approval is not guaranteed in all cases.

Q4. Is online registration possible?

A: Some states allow online appointment booking and e-stamp duty, but the physical signing must happen at the sub-registrar office.

Conclusion

Property registration is not optional—it’s the law. Delaying or ignoring it can cost you money, peace of mind, and even the property itself. Pay the stamp duty, register the property on time, and secure your legal ownership.

Call to Action

Need help understanding property laws, stamp duty, or choosing a verified property?

Visit www.MaadiVeedu.com to explore safe and secure property deals.

For more such informative guides, check blog.maadiveedu.com and stay one step ahead in your real estate journey.

[rightnewshindi]

लोकसभा में पास हुआ इमिग्रेशन एंड फॉरेनर्स बिल 2025: अमित शाह ने घुसपैठ पर लगाई सख्ती की मुहर, जानें क्या हैं बड़े प्रावधान #News #BreakingNews #LatestNews #CurrentNews #HindiNews

[mylawyeradvise]

Overcoming Trade Documentation Errors & Liabilities of Importers in India | Best Legal Services for Importers in Delhi NCR | Export Import Lawyer in Delhi NCR

Trade documentation assumes a basic part in global exchange, guaranteeing consistent correspondence among parties and working with the development of importers goods across borders. In India, as a rapidly growing economy with a significant presence in global trade, the accuracy and compliance of trade documentation are of paramount importance. In the context of India, importers often encounter challenges related to trade documentation errors and liabilities. “Overcoming Trade Documentation Errors & Liabilities of Importers in India” aims to address these pressing concerns.

[sharedocsdms]

Streamlining Your Law Firm with the Best Legal Document Management System in India

Now a-days, proficient cases taking care of and recording the executives are fundamental for law offices to flourish. The capacity to arrange, access, and oversee archives rapidly is essential for remaining in front of cutoff times, answering clients, and keeping cases pushing ahead. This is where Legal Document Management Systems become possibly the most important factor. Assuming that you're searching for the best legal document management system provider in India, understanding the advantages of these frameworks and how they work can have a significant effect.

What is a Legal Document Management System?

An Legal Document Management System is a product arrangement intended to store, make due, and track authoritative reports electronically. It permits law offices to make a focal storehouse of case-related reports that can be gotten to safely from any area. This kind of framework assists lawful experts with overseeing client records, court reports, agreements, pleadings, and other significant desk work in a smoothed out, productive way.

With the right  legal document management system, law offices can:

Further develop cooperation among colleagues

Keep up with adaptation control of archives

Track changes and updates

Safely share records with clients and partners

Guarantee information security and consistence with legitimate guidelines

The Job of Legal Case Management Software

Aside from overseeing archives, law offices need to supervise the whole lifecycle of their legitimate cases. This is where legal case management software becomes fundamental. While legal document management systems center around putting away and sorting out documents, legal case management software is intended to oversee cases, clients, and court plans really.

This product permits law offices to:

Track case cutoff times

Oversee client connections

Allocate errands to colleagues

Track billable hours

Guarantee consistence with lawful work processes

For the overwhelming majority lawful firms in India, coordinating both an Legal Document Management System and Legal Case Management Software guarantees consistent tasks. The two frameworks complete one another and give an all encompassing answer for the mind boggling necessities of a law office.

Why Choose the Best Legal Document Management System Provider in India?

Picking the right authoritative record the board situation supplier in India is a basic choice that can straightforwardly influence the effectiveness and progress of your legitimate practice. The best suppliers offer adaptable arrangements that meet the particular requirements of your firm while guaranteeing that your delicate lawful information stays secure.

Key highlights to search for in an authoritative report the board framework supplier in India include:

High level hunt usefulness to rapidly track down records

Reconciliation with existing lawful programming

Powerful security elements to safeguard delicate client data

Cloud-based openness for remote working

Customary programming updates and client care

Benefits of Implementing Legal Technology

By utilizing both authoritative report the board frameworks and legitimate case the executives programming, law offices in India can remain in front of the opposition. These arrangements give huge advantages, including:

Improved efficiency through coordinated work processes

Decreased hazard of missing significant cutoff times or losing fundamental archives

Smoothed out correspondence between colleagues and clients

Further developed precision and proficiency in archive readiness

Secure capacity and simple recovery of legitimate documents

Conclusion

Putting resources into the best authoritative report the board framework and legitimate case the executives programming can change the manner in which your law office works. By joining forces with the best authoritative report the board framework supplier in India, you guarantee that your firm has the apparatuses expected to oversee cases, store delicate data safely, and upgrade generally speaking efficiency. With lawful innovation developing quickly, embracing these arrangements will give your firm the upper hand it requirements to prevail in a cutting edge legitimate scene.

On the off chance that your firm is hoping to smooth out tasks and further develop case the board, right now is an ideal opportunity to investigate the advantages of a solid Legal Document Management System.

[fatehbaz]

was thinking about this

To be in "public", you must be a consumer or a laborer.

About control of peoples' movement in space/place. Since the beginning.

"Vagrancy" of 1830s-onward Britain, people criminalized for being outside without being a laborer.

Breaking laws resulted in being sentenced to coerced debtor/convict labor. Coinciding with the 1830-ish climax of the Industrial Revolution and the land enclosure acts (factory labor, poverty, etc., increase), the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 establishes full-time police institution(s) in London. The "Workhouse Act" aka "Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834" forced poor people to work for a minimum number of hours every day. The Irish Constabulary of 1837 sets up a national policing force and the County Police Act of 1839 allows justices of the peace across England to establish policing institutions in their counties (New York City gets a police department in 1844). The major expansion of the "Vagrancy Act" of 1838 made "joblessness" a crime and enhanced its punishment. (Coincidentally, the law's date of royal assent was 27 July 1838, just 5 days before the British government was scheduled to allow fuller emancipation of its technical legal abolition of slavery in the British Caribbean on 1 August 1838.)

---

"Vagrancy" of 1860s-onward United States, people criminalized for being outside while Black.

Widespread emancipation after slavery abolition in 1865 rapidly followed by the outlawing of loitering which de facto outlawed existing as Black in public. Inability to afford fines results in being sentenced to forced labor by working on chain gangs or prisons farms, some built atop plantations.

---

"Vagrancy" of 1870s-onward across empires, people criminalized for being outside while being "foreign" and also being poor generally.

Especially from 1880-ish to 1918-ish, this was an age of widespread mass movement of peoples due to the land dispossession, poverty, and famine induced by global colonial extraction and "market expansion" (Scramble for Africa, US "American West", nation-building, conquering "frontiers"), as agricultural "revolutions" of imperial monoculture cash crop extraction resulted in ecological degradation, and as major imperial infrastructure building projects required a lot of vulnerable "mobile" labor. This coincides with and is facilitated by new railroad networks and telegraphs, leading to imperial implementation or expansion of identity documents, strict work contracts, passports, immigration surveillance, and border checkpoints.

All of this in just a few short years: In 1877, British administrators in India develop what would become the Henry Classification System of taking and keeping fingerprints for use in binding colonial Indians to legal contracts. That same year during the 1877 Great Railroad Strike, and in response to white anxiety about Black residents coming to the city during Great Migration, Chicago's policing institutions exponentially expand surveillance and pioneer "intelligence card" registers for tracking labor union organizing and Black movement, as Chicago's experiments become adopted by US military and expanded nationwide, later used by US forces monitoring dissent in colonial Philippines and Cuba. Japan based its 1880 Penal Code anti-vagrancy statutes on French models, and introduced "koseki" register to track poor/vagrant domestic citizens as Tokyo's Governor Matsuda segregates classes, and the nation introduces "modern police forces". In 1882, the United States passes the Chinese Exclusion Act. In 1884, the Ottoman government enacts major "Passport Nizamnamesi" legislation requiring passports. In 1885, the racist expulsion of the "Tacoma riot".

Punished for being Algerian in France. Punished for being Chinese in San Francisco. Punished for being Korean in Japan. Punished for crossing Ottoman borders without correct paperwork. Arrested for whatever, then sent to do convict labor. A poor person in the Punjab, starving during a catastrophic famine, might be coerced into a work contract by British authorities. They will have to travel, shipped off to build a railroad. But now they have to work. Now they are bound. They will be punished for being Punjabi and trying to walk away from Britain's tea plantations in Assam or Britain's rubber plantations in Malaya.

Mobility and confinement, the empire manipulates each.

---

"Vagrancy" amidst all of this, people also criminalized for being outside while "unsightly" and merely even superficially appearing to be poor. San Francisco introduced the notorious "ugly law" in 1867, making it illegal for "any person, who is diseased, maimed, mutilated or deformed in any way, so as to be an unsightly or disgusting object, to expose himself or herself to public view". Today, if you walk into a building looking a little "weird" (poor, Black, ill, disabled, etc.), you are given seething spiteful glares and asked to leave. De facto criminalized for simply going for a stroll without downloading the coffee shop's exclusive menu app.

Too ill, too poor, too exhausted, too indebted to move, you are trapped. Physical barriers (borders), legal barriers (identity documents), financial barriers (debt). "Vagrancy" everywhere in the United States, a combination of all of the above. "Vagrancy" since at least early nineteenth century Europe. About the control of movement through and access to space/place. Concretizing and weaponizing caste, corralling people, anchoring them in place, extracting their wealth and labor.

You are permitted to exist only as a paying customer or an employee.

[mariacallous]

As tensions between India and Pakistan rose and then fell dramatically in recent days, the Indian government used the nation’s digital governance laws to compel Meta to remove news and posts related to the evolving story. It even urged the blocking of all Pakistan-origin content.

Governments around the world are behaving similarly, gaining more and more authority to request or require the removal of content and weaponizing these laws to force the takedown of rap videos, photos from protests, and much more. Accelerating this trend are companies’ incentives to avoid these requests in the first place by preemptively and quietly suppressing content they anticipate governments will find objectionable. In too many cases, moderation at the hands of private entities and governments is practically indistinguishable.

In India’s case, its IT Rules, as they are known, equip law enforcement agencies and other government bodies with the authority to request that social media companies take down user-generated content in the “interest of the sovereignty and integrity of India” and to hand over user data as well. They have been used before. In September 2024, cybercrime units within regional police departments used the law to request the takedown of content after a hashtag gained traction on Facebook and X blaming the Muslim minority in southern India for supposedly bringing animal fat-laden sweets to one of the largest Hindu temples in India. The hashtag helped heighten already strained tensions—but the situation was exacerbated by the opaque and poorly governed police agency response. Charges were filed against seven X users for incorrectly identifying the sweets as belonging to Amul, a large dairy chain, and regional police also ordered the removal of countless memes that proliferated in the aftermath.

As part of a larger project studying content moderation in the global south, we have found that a majority of frequent Tamil online service users suspect they have faced moderation to silence their opinions and political beliefs. Content creators, activists, and journalists we spoke with frequently reiterated these suspicions, which were corroborated by interviews with former platform representatives, who painted a picture of increasing collusion between governments and companies to suppress speech. While our research in this paper was limited to India and Sri Lanka, the tools and tactics we documented are appearing around the world. If platforms want to keep users and their confidence, they have to be more honest and transparent when governments influence moderation and how.

New legislation passed in Indonesia, Kenya, Brazil, Europe, and beyond has supercharged government officials’, law enforcement bodies’, and courts’ authority to request or require the takedown of specific posts or categories of posts. And companies are seeing these requests pile up: Facebook reported an exponential increase in government requests for content restrictions from 2023 to 2024, and Google told media that it fielded 87 percent more requests from governments to remove content across its services from 2021 to 2023. Indonesia’s MR5 regulation has resulted in more than 140 million orders just to Facebook to geoblock posts and comments, the majority of which were related to gambling but others were “divisive political speech.”

Managing government requests for restrictions has become a massive workstream at companies, but determining which requests are appropriate and which are not seems to be less of a priority. Gag orders, the mass layoffs of trust-and-safety staff, and the sheer volume of requests are pushing companies toward a compliance-at-scale approach rather than attempting to discern when a government request should be denied.

Apart from reducing costs, giving the government what it asks for may be politically expedient. Governments’ arsenal of influence over companies’ decisions goes beyond formal takedown requests. Content moderation policies and processes are increasingly becoming a bargaining chip that companies and governments are using to avoid future regulation, minimize liability, and generally keep business moving.

Talking to former platform trust-and-safety staff and moderators, we found that governments are influencing moderation in multiple ways. First, teams are modifying policies to hew more closely to government policies and preferences. Second, moderators are taking down speech proactively to preempt government requests entirely, including by taking down legally permissible speech that moderators think would be controversial. Other research has shown that moderators also rely on flags sent in by law enforcement bodies such as the opaquely named internal referral units that flag content violating private terms of service. Finally, companies invoke “break-glass measures” to supercharge moderation when governments exert extra pressure or threaten to shut down the platform. These informal methods are generally ad hoc and undocumented, sometimes with policy team members left in the dark, too.

Companies’ desire to appease and acquiesce to governments’ interests is not new, even if it feels more apparent than ever, but their increasing lack of transparency is. Ten years ago, CEOs touted their platforms’ role during the Arab Spring, aimed at toppling repressive government control, and broadly committed (even if only rhetorically) to human rights principles. It was common for platforms to push back publicly on governments’ content restrictions and publish requests they received on the Lumen Database, enabling the public and users to understand what their government was doing and promoting transparency about whether laws serve genuine safety or political agendas. Now, companies directly facilitate government action by removing posts and handing over user data and, according to our interviews, often without notifying the public or affected users.

Increasingly, users accuse social media companies of being arms of the government and preemptively taking down more content than even governments want at the cost of undermining social movements. Users also feel constantly monitored and second-guess why they use these social media services in the first place, particularly for speaking about political issues. In response, users develop circumvention tactics to evade scrutiny by cropping images, flipping letters, or using “algospeak” to avoid terms suspected to be shadowbanned, (for instance, talking about U.S. President Donald Trump’s immigration actions by using terms like “cute winter boots”), making good-faith moderation even harder.

By allowing and even encouraging further government capture, companies damage their own reputations, which can have repercussions, financially and otherwise. Predictable, trustworthy, and rights-respecting moderation processes have been linked with increased revenue for online services hosting user-generated speech; likewise, as X learned when it changed its policies after a change in ownership, erratic moderation can drive away users and advertisers. At the same time, investors are directly demanding greater accountability and respect for international human rights standards at annual shareholder gatherings.

Moreover, companies’ surrender to government demands can conflict with their obligations under the U.N. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and their own stated commitments to human rights and user safety. With increased informal and indirect expansion of government scrutiny online and fewer spaces to speak outside the influence of governments, users are losing their ability to speak freely. What’s more, users lose the ability to exercise their right to seek remedy from their governments when they don’t know that government actors are the cause of their content being removed.

Companies can do more to earn users’ trust back.

First, they can consistently publish government orders where possible or ask that the government agency make it public, consistent with their human rights obligations. Academics, human rights advocates, and experts all rely on these notices to understand the breadth of influence both social media companies and governments wield on our information environment.

Second, they can notify users when their speech is moderated due to a government order or pressure. Users are often left in the dark and don’t know when their posts have been taken down due to a government order or scrutiny. That breeds conspiratorial thinking.

Finally, they can push back when orders from governments violate human rights. This is something most large social media companies have done before. Existing frameworks created by the United Nations and the Global Network Initiative enable trust-and-safety teams to weigh the trade-offs when facing demands.

Beyond individual government requests, companies should communicate with users more to assuage concerns of government scrutiny. Equipping users with the knowledge of what norms are expected online, how rules change, and who is scrutinizing their speech enables users to make more informed decisions about their online safety.

Ultimately, as companies and governments further back away from previously agreed-upon commitments to people’s liberties and rights, they are forgetting the users who make their platforms viable and successful. Companies should be on the side of users instead of doing governments’ bidding, particularly as governments themselves backslide on their commitment to protect their own. As one Tamil content moderator told us: “The platforms taking you down is actually a matter of inconvenience. The real danger is the democratic climate of the country.”

[djuvlipen]

Here is an NGO that helps Ukrainian Romani women!

Svitlana’s eyes began to shine with happiness as she entered the hotel room in Odesa. She had never spent a night in a hotel, or any place that to her seemed so beautifully decorated. She had come here to change her life.

Svitlana* was attending a women’s leadership training from CARE and the charity foundation Winds of Change.

Throughout her childhood and adolescence, Svitlana had lived in a compact settlement for Roma families in Odesa region. Women’s health was never discussed there. She didn’t go to school, because she had to take care of her younger siblings.

Only recently, at 28, has she learned to write her own name.

Winds of Change, a CARE partner organization, has been working with the Roma community for over four years.

Roma, also called Romany, is an ethnic group of traditionally itinerant people who originated in northern India but now live principally in Europe.

The word “Roma” means “man” and refers to different communities, including Kalderash in southeastern Europe, Romanichals in England, Sinti in Germany, Italy, and France, Kalé in Wales, Finland, Spain and Portugal, and Gitano from Spain, as well as many others around the world — there are an estimated 400,000 Roma people in Ukraine.

As part of CARE’s Women’s Lead in Emergencies model, Winds of Change is working with the Roma communities in Ukraine to train women to take part in leadership.

‘I dreamed of being an artist’

Svitlana was 15 when she got married. She married her husband “under the Roma law.” They have no legal marriage documents.

“He stole me from my parents, and since then we have been living together,” Svitlana says. “This is how most Roma girls live. [They say] women should only look after children, clean and cook… But when I was a child, I dreamed of being an artist. To paint beautiful patterns on the facades of the house. It’s a pity that I never did.”

Some 80 percent of girls in the Roma community have similar stories. From a young age they help their parents look after younger children, and between the ages of 12 and 15 they are coerced into marriage where they then start their adult life.

Now she has six children.

She dreams that all her children will be educated. So, this year, with the support of the Winds of Change Foundation, three of her six children went to the first grade, and two went to the second grade.

For Svitlana, it was an indescribable joy.

A double standard

“Very often, representatives of local authorities, especially in rural areas, turn a blind eye to Roma needs,” says Yulia Hladka, a Winds of Change representative. “Children may not go to school, because it is their tradition. They are Roma; they are married early and have different ‘duties’” — this is how social services often react to the remarks of Roma human rights organizations. If a Ukrainian woman was in a similar situation, she would have been noticed and social services would have intervened.”

Roma people feel this indifference, even from the medical community. When Svitlana fell ill, the local hospital was reluctant to admit her. It was the same with the pediatrician. He simply recorded the visits in a log, although he did not actually examine her children.

It was only with Yulia Hladka’s help that Svitlana finally decided to see a gynecologist to find out the cause of her irregular cycle and heavy bleeding. But it wasn’t easy, because of ethnic discrimination. Only at a private medical center was Svitlana thoroughly examined and found to have cervical erosion, a damaged cyst, and critically low hemoglobin.

Now she is undergoing a long course of treatment.

A double discrimination

As Winds of Change has learned, changing the lives of Roma women is not always easy. These women have suffered discrimination, and sometimes violence, and are understandably reluctant to trust.

Human rights organizations call the Roma community one of the most discriminated against social groups in Ukraine.

Roma women in Ukraine are subject to double discrimination — on ethnic and gender grounds. They face limitations in various aspects of their lives, such as being compelled to marry at a young age and having more than two or three children. Because their community considers them responsible for caring for younger children, they also have restricted access to education compared to boys. They face challenges in finding employment and accessing healthcare.

Life undocumented

Many problems are caused by the lack of documents, as usually Roma people live in isolation and very rarely turn to government institutions. Women give birth at home and do not even apply for birth certificates. The absence of passports also makes it difficult for Roma to obtain documents, so they cannot receive assistance from the state, and their number in the country cannot be officially counted.

According to Roma NGOs like Winds of Change, charitable foundation “Planet of Good People,” just over a third of Ukrainian Roma are employed. For Roma women, this is often complicated by the fact that they are mothers of many children, so they face discrimination on this basis as well.

This was the case with Svitlana. She has been dependent on her husband’s decisions almost since childhood. All her time was taken up with housework and caring for her six children and her husband’s sister’s 13 children.

“At one of the focus groups, we realized that a very big problem for Roma women is the lack of access to basic services and jobs,” says Yulia. “They usually live in rural areas where there are not many employment opportunities.”

“But even if vacancies do appear, Roma are usually rejected, because of stereotypes and ethnicity.”

“We came up with the idea to create a social enterprise where these women could get hard skills — sewing home textiles and clothes — and soft skills, like communication, psychological self-regulation. We organized a small sewing company in Odesa called Petalenca, where Roma women sew bedding and home clothes. We train them and help them promote their products.”

After the escalation of the situation in Ukraine, many internally displaced women also found their place here and started working together with Roma women. Some women had some stereotypes about Roma before but working together helped to dispel them. Now this company employs Roma and women who have been displaced.

*name changed

They accept donations!

[hum-suffer]

The MASSACRES of KASHMIRI MUSLIMS by INDIAN FORCES

1. 1947 Jammu Massacres: 20,000-100,000 Muslims killed in communal riots by Dogra forces and Hindu mobs.

2. 1947-48 Rajouri Massacre: Hundreds of Muslims reportedly killed during the tribal invasion by Dogra forces.

3. 1947 Mirpur Massacre: Around 20,000 Muslims killed when Mirpur fell to Pakistani tribal raiders.

4. 1990 Gawkadal Massacre: CRPF opened fire on civilians in Srinagar on Jan 21, 1990 - 50 to 200+ civilians killed.

5. 1990 Handwara Massacre: On Jan 25,1990- BSF fired on unarmed people in Handwara, killing at least 31 civilians.

6. 1990 Zakoora and Tengpora Massacre: On Mar 1, 1990 - BSF killed 40+ unarmed protestors in Srinagar while suppressing a demonstration.

5. 1990 Hawal Massacre: On May 21,1990 - CRPF killed 60+ mourners in Srinagar during Mirwaiz Farooq's funeral procession.

6. 1993 Bijbehara Massacre: On Oct 22, 1993 -BSF fired on unarmed protestors in Bijbehara killing 35 to 51 civilians

7. 1993 Sopore Massacre: mourners in Srinagar during Mirwaiz Farooq's funeral procession.

8. 1993 Bijbehara Massacre: On Oct 22, 1993-BSF fired on unarmed protestors in Bijbehara, killing 35 to 51 civilians.

9. 1993 Sopore Massacre: On Jan 6, 1993 - BSF killed 43+ civilians and burned down Sopore market.

10. 1993 Lal Chowk Fire: Security forces allegedly set fire to the busy Lal Chowk market, exact casualties unknown

11. 1994 Kupwara Massacre: On Jan 27, 1994- Indian Army opened fire on protestors in Kupwara town, killing 27 civilians and shopkeepers.

Now please provide statistics of how many Hindus died in Kashmir? Will it cross the killings that happened to far of the Kashmiris?

You compared the Palestinian issue with Kashmir so you should know that Kashmir is an Indian OCCUPIED land. Just like how Israel has OCCUPIED Palestine. They are the colonizers. Quite similar issue actually. And the imbalance of injustice is apparent as well. The colonizers kill more. That's how they maintain power and oppression.

Here’s a clear list outlining how Kashmiris have faced oppression and occupation under Indian forces, based on historical and contemporary reports:

1. Heavy Military Presence

Kashmir is one of the most militarized zones in the world, with hundreds of thousands of Indian soldiers deployed.

Military checkpoints, bunkers, and patrols are widespread, affecting everyday life.

2. Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions

Many Kashmiris, including minors, have been detained without trial under laws like the Public Safety Act (PSA) and Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA).

3. Communication Blackouts

Internet shutdowns and phone service suspensions are frequent, especially during unrest, cutting Kashmiris off from the world.

4. Extrajudicial Killings

Numerous allegations exist of civilians being killed during military operations, often labeled as “militants” without investigation.

5. Torture and Abuse

Reports from human rights groups (like Amnesty International) document cases of physical and psychological torture by Indian forces.

6. Enforced Disappearances

Thousands of Kashmiris have disappeared after being taken into custody, with families left searching for decades.

7. Demographic Changes

Since 2019, India has changed residency laws, allowing non-Kashmiris to settle, raising fears of demographic engineering.

8. Media Censorship and Harassment

Kashmiri journalists face intimidation, arrests, and restrictions on reporting, especially if critical of Indian actions.

9. Crackdown on Religious Practices

Restrictions on gatherings, prayers at major mosques like Jamia Masjid, and religious mourning processions (especially Muharram) have been common.

10. Land Grabs

Large areas of land have been taken for military use, displacing local populations without fair compensation.

11. Psychological Trauma

Generations have grown up surrounded by violence, leading to widespread PTSD, depression, and anxiety among Kashmiris.

12. Revocation of Autonomy (Article 370)

In August 2019, India revoked Kashmir’s limited autonomy without Kashmiri consent, intensifying anger and repression.

13. Human Rights Violations Documented by International Organizations

UN reports, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and others have repeatedly raised concerns about abuses in Kashmir.

Information is just a click away. Search Kashmir and Human Rights Watch. You'll get all the necessary information to give you a broader perspective.

Also, Kashmiris are being so apologetic for a crime they didn't commit, where is the apology from the Hindus for the daily atrocities that are being carried upon the Indian Muslim Minority? Do a quick search on how many Muslims are being daily killed in your land by the andbhakts. Not only the Muslims, which minority is safe in your land? Are the Christians safe? Are the dalits safe? Your religion yourself have an inhumane list of castes as if it is a moral hierarchy where is it is a racist system rotten to the core. Where is the apology for that?

Ek toh, the audacity you have to compare killings is baffling. I'm not touching those points with a ten foot pole, they're delusional beyond belief. One sided information much? There have been seven exoduses of Kashmiri Hindus, that have been recorded. Pillaging and plundering has always been done to this land, and I'll let you guess who were the perpetrators.

We do not blame Kashmiris for the attack, you fool. We blame the perpetrators and the people who call this horrifying act as "Hindu/BJP propaganda". And you talk about Minorities in India? Minorities enjoy several rights, which put them at par with (and sometimes above) the majority population. For fucks sakes, do you not know basic laws of this country that facilitate good life for the minorities? Yes, there are some extremists who would rather see people die and even commit such atrocities. Newsflash, kiddo, those are everywhere. Shall I copy paste a list of 77 terrorist organisations run by Muslim ideals?

Shall I recount how the youth of the Kashmir you so love have been led astray by several of such supremacists? Shall I tell you how they use financial services to manipulate literal children into the world of terrorism? And do not get me started on castes. The idea has been warped with time and if you do not know that basic of a fact, I wish to have no discussion with a willingly blind idiot.

Kashmiri people and the land itself have suffered under your wish to "free" it. Attacks like these are direct attacks on the integrity of the people as well as the financial situation of the state. Kashmir has historically been of the Indian people and you claim that we occupied it? If your source of information is "a click", run to your home, child.

So you will come here, list the selective atrocities committed, and demand an apology? Your history is written in the blood of innocents. No apology would be enough for that.

[murvinnriservices]

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[handweavers]

as an aside it's interesting how the word 'indian' is used in malaysia vs elsewhere because in malaysia it functions as a specific class of people as enshrined in malaysian law and government, as well as being used colloquially to refer to anyone of south asian origin. my family are punjabis who immigrated to malaya in the 1890s before there was such a thing as india (or pakistan) as a state, but we are legally considered to be racially 'indian' and that 'racial category' is listed on all of my family's government documents including my birth certificate. even if you are a tamil whose family is technically from sri lanka you are called an 'indian' in malaysia because it is a specific racial category there, and it's not considered politically incorrect, because the word 'indian' is not necessarily an ethnic or national one if that makes sense. i am racially 'indian' as a Specific Class within the malaysian framework - and this isn't an ontological thing, it's socially and materially constructed

to put it another way, i don't consider myself indian outside of malaysia, i am specifically punjabi, i have no ties to the state of india at all and reject the partitioning of punjab - 'india' as a specific entity did not exist the last time any of my ancestors lived in that region, calling myself 'indian' would be incorrect. my family doesn't say "we are from india" we say we are from punjab. but i refer to myself as indian in the malaysian context or 'malaysian indian' because in malaysia that is what i am.

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Larry Diamond at The UnPopulist:

Since my last essay on the crisis of democracy, the assaults on democratic checks and balances have escalated. Without agreement from Congress, Trump’s DOGE shut down the U.S. Agency for International Development with stunning speed. Although a federal court blocked further implementation, ruling that the action “likely violated the Constitution,” by then the agency had already been gutted and largely dismantled along with many other agencies. Then, in an alarming politicization of the military high command, Trump fired the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Air Force Vice Chief of Staff, and the judge advocates general (the highest-ranking legal authorities) for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Pressing his claim to imperial power, Trump has moved to assert absolute control over all federal regulatory bodies, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Federal Communications Commission. This not only hobbles their capacity to act independently in the public interest but opens the door to massive corruption. As DOGE seizes control of more and more of the government’s most sensitive and highly centralized stores of data, the conflicts of interest proliferate for its chief “overseer,” Elon Musk, who over the years has received “at least $38 billion in government contracts, loans, subsidies and tax credits.” And Just Security has documented an “alarming” pattern of “politicization and weaponization of the Department of Justice” since Trump has retaken office.

Democracy in Danger

The United States now faces the grave and imminent danger of its democracy decaying into a “competitive authoritarianism” in which multiparty elections still hold but are no longer free and fair. Under such a system, here’s what we can expect to follow:

The opposition wins seats in Congress and some city and state governments—but at the national level, a domineering leader and ruling party assert monolithic control over government, in a grip that cannot be broken by any normal means.

Regulatory agencies are stripped of their independence.

The legislative branch becomes a rubber stamp.

The courts are pressured, defied, and eventually brought to heel.

The civil service and the military are purged of non-loyalists and converted into instruments of the “elected” leader and his party.

The media are pressured and sued into passivity and subservience.

Business is lured into backing the authoritarian project with the promise of huge financial windfalls (and crippling punishment for defection).

Universities are threatened with financial ruin if they resist or protest.

Think tanks and philanthropies are threatened with loss of their tax-exempt status and even prosecution if they speak up.

Prominent critics and opposition voices, including former officeholders, fall silent for fear of retribution.

Democracy dies, to use T.S. Eliot’s famous phrase from The Hollow Men, “not with a bang but with a whimper.” This is the pathway by which democracy has died, at varying speeds, in Venezuela, Turkey, Hungary, Serbia, and several other countries. It is the trajectory that India has been on under Narendra Modi, Slovakia under Robert Fico, and Poland under the Law and Justice Party, until it was defeated in national elections in October 2023. If this slide away from democracy is to be averted, we must learn the lessons of other countries.

The first lesson, as a prominent Ukrainian democrat said to me, is, “The path from democracy is much shorter than the path to it.” Assaults on democracy often gain momentum more rapidly than supporters of democracy can imagine in their glib self-confidence that “it can’t happen here.” Thus, early action is crucial. The earlier that countervailing pressure is mobilized, the more likely it is to succeed. Second, principled resistance must be mounted within the executive branch to defend constitutional norms and the rule of law. Third, checks and balances must be activated early on by Congress, the judiciary, and regulatory institutions to counter creeping authoritarianism and defend constitutional guardrails. Fourth, a smart political strategy, with effective messaging and a broad coalition, is needed to oppose authoritarian drift and ultimately to effect the surest means of halting authoritarian creep—defeating it at the polls. Finally, ordinary citizens must push back through mass mobilization and courageous individual action.

Resisting Rising Authoritarianism

An effective resistance agenda is necessarily selective—if democracy defenders scream at equal volume over every harmful presidential move, without distinguishing between their varying levels of illegality, unconstitutionality, irrationality, and cruelty, people will stop listening. We need a strategy to prioritize the most serious assaults on democracy, presidential accountability, and our laws and norms. However, there is no room for passivity or patience in the face of creeping authoritarianism. Early action is critical to frustrating authoritarian ambitions, and it must match escalating assaults with escalating mobilization. Every actor inside and outside of government has a role to play in the defense of democracy. Let’s begin inside the belly of the beast: the executive branch. The career civil service is a crucial actor in serving the American public interest while observing merit-based principles of excellence, professionalism, and political neutrality. Career civil servants should be encouraged to hang on in the service of these principles as long as possible and to decline to comply with orders that violate laws or regulations. Trump derisively refers to this workforce as “the deep state,” but societies prosper when they have states with the depth of expertise, training, commitment, and autonomy to guard public health, provide veterans benefits, ensure water quality, develop rural communities, maintain national parks, and expose corruption and fraud. These essential functions of government are now under assault as the DOGE chainsaw hacks away indiscriminately at the federal workforce. Fortunately, most federal workers declined Elon Musk’s legally dubious order to report their work to him or resign. But the Trump White House wants to purge the career civil service of anyone who hints at independence. No federal worker should go quietly. Every act of principled resistance, even if it comes at the price of termination for following the law, puts an obstacle on the authoritarian pathway. Recently, a former federal prosecutor, Brendan Ballou, described how Trump’s Muslim travel ban early in his first term was slowed and narrowed by low- and mid-level Justice Department officials who forthrightly “explained to those far above them why the ban was legally and operationally disastrous.”

[...]

The Collapse of Congress

In a presidential democracy, it falls heavily to the Congress to check presidential excess. But with the bulk of Republicans—who hold narrow majorities in the House and Senate—enthusiastically backing Trump’s agenda, and with the MAGA machine vowing to punish congressional defections with massively funded primary challenges, Congress has been missing in action. The Trump White House is rapidly tilting the balance of power more and more radically from Congress to an imperial presidency. Carl Hulse and Catie Edmonson recently reported, “The Republican-led Congress isn’t just watching the Trump administration gobble up its constitutional powers. It is enthusiastically turning them over to the White House.” (Trump’s insane tariffs have caused some turbulence among Republicans who want to take back some of the president’s sweeping taxation powers but not yet enough to revolt.) A crucial step along this path was the House Republicans’ adoption of a White House bill to keep the government funded for six months, averting a shutdown that would have come on March 15. Even though Congress has passed many temporary stopgap measures to avert a government shutdown, this one was more radical and gave the president unprecedented discretion over the disbursement of federal funds. In a searing speech on the Senate floor, the ranking Democrat on the Senate Budget Committee, Patty Murray, condemned the Republicans’ surrender to a bill that “fails to include the typical, detailed spending directives—basic guardrails that Congress provides each year in our funding bills,” and that “turns many of our accounts into slush funds, [giving] the final say over what gets funding to two billionaires who don’t know the first thing about the needs of our working families.” [...] Could that happen before the next midterm elections on Nov. 3, 2026? Last election, Republicans won narrow majorities—220-213 (with two Democratic seats vacant) in the House, and 53-47 in the Senate. It would only take a few Republicans in either body dissenting to change the political dynamic. And in most committees, it would take only a single Republican defection to block a bill or a confirmation or issue a subpoena to someone like Elon Musk.

The presumption is that any House or Senate Republican marching out of lockstep would be committing political suicide, with Musk and other rich MAGA loyalists ready to pour tens of millions of dollars into a campaign to defeat them in a Republican primary. But what if a congressman or senator who saw the country approaching an authoritarian precipice refused to play that game and instead declared their willingness to run as an independent? Many of them come from red states or districts that Democrats have little chance of winning. In a straight contest between a Republican independent, conservative but principled, and a MAGA extremist, the principled conservative could well win by fashioning a coalition of concerned Republicans, independents, and Democrats. Such a strategy would test the Democrats’ capacity for strategic sophistication and discipline. That capacity might be bolstered by close study of other national experiences in reversing authoritarian drift, such as Poland, where the ability of parties to rise above narrow self-interest and form broad coalitions proved crucial to the defense and renewal of democracy.

A Time For Action

In the end, there is no substitute for electoral victory. Authoritarian projects are halted most decisively when they lose at the ballot box. This will require a complex, multi-level, and coordinated electoral strategy from the Democrats, but it cannot wait until the next two federal elections. Democrats are sorely in need of more vigorous and coherent messaging to expose the corruption and self-interest behind the Trump agenda and the immense damage it is doing to the economy; to the well-being of ordinary Americans; to the faintest notion of a fair society; and—not least—to U.S. national security. Elections are focal points of opposition. They give large groups a clear goal and ordinary citizens an opportunity to become involved—to donate to candidates and parties, knock on doors, write letters, make phone calls, host events, and speak their minds. This work will need to take place on a massive scale in the next two election cycles, but it must begin now. The opposition party must relentlessly challenge Trump’s ruthless and destructive policies. It must also offer a more viable and humane alternative to the status quo. To recapture the middle and working classes, it needs to reach humbly across social and cultural divides to offer new pathways to job creation, community revitalization, and technological innovation. It has to pitch a broad tent that welcomes diverse constituencies rather than subjecting them to cultural litmus tests.

Mass vigilance and mass action will need to come as well from outside the arena of electoral politics. Internal resistance and external mobilization work in tandem. Many members of Congress have already felt the heat from town hall meetings and office phone lines flooded with protests. “At events from Georgia and Wisconsin to Oklahoma and Oregon, House Republicans faced sometimes-hostile crowds furious about the sweeping budget cuts and mass firings of federal workers,” NBC reported in late February. Mass demonstrations are being organized, like the April 5 “Hand Off” rallies in Washington and all over the country. It is vitally important that they remain strictly nonviolent, civil in tone, and disciplined in resisting provocation, or Trump and his movement will seize upon them to discredit the opposition. Historically, global democratic movements (including the American civil rights movement) have made use of a wide variety of tactics of nonviolent civil resistance. These have included not just marches but strikes, consumer boycotts, and civil disobedience. To constrain or defeat authoritarian projects outside of elections, Hardy Merriman observes, citizens must withhold obedience, and to do so effectively, they must coordinate. Civil resistance movements succeed to the extent they muster unity, planning, and discipline on a large scale.

This point cannot be overestimated: Power requires obedience. The key to resisting authoritarian power is, to quote Timothy Snyder’s essay On Tyranny, “Do not obey in advance.” He warns from history: “Most of the power of authoritarianism is freely given.” It was freely given when Washington Post publisher and mega-billionaire Jeff Bezos withdrew his newspaper’s endorsement of Kamala Harris for president, and then more recently when he imposed unprecedented restrictions on the paper’s opinion page—ironically with the claim of focusing on “personal liberties.” It was freely given when social media plutocrat Mark Zuckerberg traveled to Trump’s Mar-a-Lago estate after the election to pay obeisance with massive Facebook policy concessions, and further when he along with numerous other tech titans donated $1 million each to Trump’s inauguration fund. It was given when Republican Sen. Joni Ernst crumbled under threats and pressure and withdrew her opposition to Pete Hegseth for Defense Secretary. It is given every day that institutions do not speak up in legitimate defense of their rights and interests. Consider two examples. Universities are now paralyzed with fear as they grapple with disastrous cuts in federal funding for research and more aggressive assaults to come. The administration’s recent letter to Columbia University, demanding highly specific and invasive changes in university policy as a prerequisite to any consideration of lifting the cancellation of $400 million in federal government grants and contracts, has struck alarm in universities nationwide. This follows a stream of other administration actions zealously exceeding Supreme Court rulings to demand an end to all diversity-related programs; threatening Georgetown University’s law school with a federal jobs blacklist for its students if it doesn’t remove DEI elements from its curriculum; and apprehending for deportation a recent Columbia University graduate student from the Middle East, Mahmoud Khalil (a U.S. permanent resident), for his anti-Israel advocacy on campus. “So far,” write Harvard political scientists Ryan Enos and Steven Levitsky, “America’s leading universities have remained virtually silent in the face of this authoritarian assault on institutions of higher education” (though Princeton President Christopher Eisgruber has been one exception). If that silence continues, higher education in America will suffer grievous damage to its ability to advance U.S. competitiveness and foster a marketplace of ideas and innovation. The same goes for the country’s big law firms as they grapple with the consequences of Trump’s ferocious “retaliatory spree” against firms that have been associated with the opposition party or with legal cases against Trump. Many individual lawyers at a host of top firms have signed an open letter condemning the president’s actions (which seek to cripple the firms by barring them from interaction with federal agencies), and the president of the American Bar Association has made a similar statement. Once again, federal judge Beryl Howell blocked the administration from implementing a constitutionally dubious policy, claiming it was “viewpoint discrimination” that “runs head on into the wall of First Amendment protections.”

But the larger problem remains: a lack of courage. The point of these attacks, writes the historian and autocracy expert  Anne Applebaum, is to intimidate the field, “to make every university afraid to offend the administration; to make academics self-censor; to make students wary too.” For the moment, intimidation is working. Every actor, every institution, is ducking for cover and hoping others will walk the plank for them. Universities, law firms, media enterprises—these are core institutions of a democratic civil society that autocrats target as they seek to amass unassailable power. If each of them cowers in fear, waiting for something to happen, by the time a critical mass of resolve emerges, it may be too late.

Defeating the evil Trump/Musk regime requires internal resistance and external mobilization.

[coochiequeens]

After stories like this break I always hope it will lead to those supporting surrogacy to agree that there needs to needs to be more regulations.

IVF Centers in Delhi NCR: CBI Uncovers Child Trafficking and Fake Doctors in Fertility Clinics

CBI investigation reveals alarming illegal activities in Delhi NCR fertility clinics, including child trafficking, illegal surrogacy, and employment of unqualified practitioners. The probe exposes violations of the Surrogacy Regulation Act 2021 and links to organized crime. This shocking revelation raises urgent questions about regulation and patient safety in the fertility industry, prompting calls for immediate reform and stricter oversight.

Posted byby Ajay Gupta Political journalistAugust 3, 2024

NEW DELHI, August 3, 2024 – A recent investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has unveiled a disturbing network of illegal activities within In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) centers across Delhi NCR, sending shockwaves through the fertility industry and raising urgent questions about regulation and oversight.

IVF Centers in Delhi NCR Key Findings

Numerous IVF centers Delhi NCR implicated in child trafficking schemes

Surrogate mothers exploited in violation of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021

Organized syndicates linked to organ trade and forced begging identified

Fake medical credentials and forged adoption documents discovered

The Investigation Unfolds IVF centers Delhi NCR

The CBI’s probe, which began as an inquiry into a single child trafficking incident, quickly ballooned into a comprehensive examination of the fertility industry in the National Capital Region. Investigators uncovered a complex web of illegal activities, with some IVF centers serving as hubs for various criminal enterprises.

“What we’ve found is deeply troubling,” said CBI spokesperson Rajesh Kumar. “These centers, which should be helping families, have instead become conduits for exploitation and trafficking.”

A Pattern of Abuse Illegal IVF centers

The investigation revealed multiple schemes operating under the guise of legitimate fertility services:

Baby Trafficking: Newborns purchased from surrogate mothers were sold to childless couples or, more alarmingly, to criminal networks.

Illegal Surrogacy: Despite the ban on commercial surrogacy, many centers continued to offer paid surrogacy services, exploiting economically vulnerable women.

Document Forgery: Staff at several clinics were found creating false adoption papers and medical records.

Unqualified Practitioners: Some centers employed individuals with fake medical degrees, putting patients at severe risk.

Legal Framework and Violations

The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021, explicitly prohibits commercial surrogacy in India, allowing only altruistic arrangements. However, the CBI’s findings indicate widespread disregard for these regulations.

“The law is clear,” explained Dr. Shalini Mishra, a legal expert in reproductive rights.

“Surrogacy can only be altruistic, with no financial compensation beyond medical expenses. What we’re seeing here is a blatant violation of both the letter and spirit of the law.”

The Greater Noida Gang

In April 2022, authorities arrested a gang operating out of an IVF center in Greater Noida. The group, which included two female employees of the clinic, lured prospective parents with promises of baby boys, a practice strictly forbidden under Indian law.

The Fake Doctor Incident

September 2022 saw the arrest of an IVF clinic owner following the death of a woman during a procedure. Subsequent investigation revealed the owner’s medical degree was fraudulent.

The Egg Donor Mastermind

A 2021 case involved the rescue of a two-year-old child from a trafficking ring. The operation’s leader was discovered to be an egg donor with connections to multiple hospitals in the region.

Implications IVF Centers in Delhi NCR

The scale of illegal activities uncovered by the CBI raises serious concerns about the oversight of fertility clinics in India.

Dr. Amit Banerjee, a reproductive health specialist, warns of far-reaching consequences:

“This isn’t just about illegal adoptions or surrogacy. We’re talking about potential links to organ trafficking, forced labor, and other forms of exploitation. The ramifications for public health and safety are enormous.”

As the investigation continues, calls for reform are growing louder. Experts suggest several key steps:

Enhanced Monitoring: Implement more frequent and rigorous inspections of IVF centers.

Stricter Licensing: Tighten requirements for operating fertility clinics.

Patient Education: Launch public awareness campaigns about legal surrogacy and adoption processes.

Inter-Agency Cooperation: Improve coordination between health authorities, law enforcement, and child welfare organizations.

The CBI’s investigation into illegal IVF centers in Delhi NCR has exposed a dark underbelly of the fertility industry, highlighting urgent needs for reform and vigilance. As authorities work to dismantle these criminal networks, the challenge remains to ensure that legitimate fertility services can operate safely and ethically, providing hope to families while protecting the vulnerable from exploitation.

For the latest updates on this developing story, visit the CBI’s official website or follow our continuing coverage.

[planet-gay-comic]

Historical and Modern Perspectives on Same-Sex Unions

Same-Sex Unions in Antiquity Even in antiquity, there were cultures that recognized same-sex relationships in various forms. Although formal marriages between same-sex partners are rarely documented, numerous examples of love unions and symbolic partnerships exist.

Ancient Greece: In Greek culture, same-sex relationships, particularly between men, were widespread and often socially accepted. These relationships, known as pederasty, had an educational character, where an older man (the Erastes) took a younger man (the Eromenos) under his wing. These connections were often marked by love and affection and played an important role in the education and social life of Greek cities.

Rome: Hadrian, who ruled from 117 to 138 AD, is an example of a same-sex relationship in Rome. Hadrian had a famous relationship with Antinous, a young Greek man. This relationship was so significant that Hadrian honored Antinous's memory in an extraordinary way after his death in 130 AD.

Mesopotamia: In ancient Mesopotamian cultures, such as the Sumerians and Assyrians, there is evidence of the acceptance of same-sex relationships. Texts and inscriptions suggest that such relationships were part of the social fabric, although formal marriages are not documented.

India: In ancient India, there are also indications of the acceptance of same-sex relationships. In Hindu mythology, there are stories of gods and heroes in same-sex relationships. This spiritual and cultural acceptance shows that such unions were recognized in certain contexts.

Indigenous Cultures of North America: Many indigenous cultures in North America had the concept of "Two-Spirit" individuals, who possessed both male and female qualities. Such individuals could assume ceremonial roles and enter into same-sex partnerships that were considered spiritually and socially acceptable.

Modern Developments: Marriage for All In modern times, the social and legal recognition of same-sex partnerships has significantly improved. Many countries have enacted laws granting same-sex couples the right to marry and the associated rights and obligations.

Switzerland: On July 1, 2022, Switzerland's "Marriage for All" law came into effect, granting same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples. This was the result of a referendum in September 2021, where the Swiss population overwhelmingly voted in favor of legalization.

Worldwide: In addition to Switzerland, many other countries have previously legalized marriage for same-sex couples, including:

Netherlands (2001): The Netherlands was the first country in the world to introduce same-sex marriage. Belgium (2003): Belgium followed shortly after the Netherlands and legalized same-sex marriage. Spain (2005): Spain was one of the first major European countries to allow same-sex marriage. Canada (2005): Canada legalized same-sex marriage nationwide. South Africa (2006): South Africa became the first country in Africa to permit same-sex marriage. Norway (2009), Sweden (2009), Portugal (2010), Iceland (2010), Argentina (2010), Denmark (2012), Uruguay (2013), New Zealand (2013), France (2013), Brazil (2013), England and Wales (2014), Luxembourg (2015), Ireland (2015), USA (2015), Colombia (2016), Finland (2017), Germany (2017), Australia (2017), Austria (2019), Taiwan (2019), Costa Rica (2020). The legalization of same-sex marriage in these countries was often the result of decades of activism and social change, leading to greater acceptance and legal equality.

From antiquity to the present, same-sex unions and partnerships have a long and often complex history. While symbolic marriages and stable partnerships existed in antiquity, the legal and social recognition of same-sex marriages is an achievement of modern times. Today, many countries, including Switzerland, have introduced "Marriage for All," taking a significant step toward equality and acceptance.

Text supported by GBT-4o Image generated with SD1.5, overworked with manual inpainting and composing

[fatehbaz]

Goldstein and Mahmoudi point to what, on appearance, is a relatively new phenomenon: namely the use of digital technologies in contemporary forms of surveillance and policing, and the way in which they turn the body into the border. [...] [T]he datafication of human life becomes an industry in its own right [...] [with the concept of] “surveillance capitalism” - a system based on capturing behavioral data and using it for commercial purposes [...] [which] emerged in the early 2000s [...].

In contrast, scholarship on colonialism, slavery, and plantation capitalism enables us to understand how racial surveillance capitalism has existed since the grid cities of sixteenth-century Spanish Mexico (Mirzoeff 2020). In short, and as Simone Browne (2015, 10) has shown, “surveillance is nothing new to black folks.” [...]

[S]urveillance in the service of racial capitalism has historically aided three interconnected goals: (1) the control of movement of certain - predominantly racialized - bodies through means of identification; (2) the control of labor to increase productivity and output; and (3) the generation of knowledge about the colony and its native inhabitants in order to “maintain” the colonies [...].

---

Identification documents and practices can, like so many other surveillance technologies, be traced back to the Middle Passage [...]. [T]he movement of captives was controlled through [...] slave passes, slave patrols [...]. Similar strategies of using wanted posters and passes were put in place to control the movement of indentured white laborers from England and Ireland. [...]

Fingerprinting, for example, was developed in India because colonial officials could not tell people apart [...].

In Algeria, the French dominated the colonized population by issuing internal passports, creating internal limits on movement for certain groups, and establishing camps for landless peasants [...]. In South Africa, meanwhile, the movement of the Black population was controlled through the “pass laws”: an internal passport system designed to confine Black South Africans into Bantustans and ensure a steady supply of super-exploitable labor [...].

On the plantation itself, two forms of surveillance emerged - both with the underlying aim of increasing productivity and output. One was in the form of daily notetaking by plantation and slave owners. [...] Second, [...] a combination of surveillance, accounting, and violence was used to make slave labor in the cotton fields more “efficient.” [...] [S]imilar logics of quotas and surveillance still reverberate in today's labor management systems. Finally, surveillance was also essential to the management of the colonies. It occurred through [...] practices like fingerprinting and the passport [...]. [P]hotographs were used after colonial rebellions, in 1857 in India and in 1865 in Jamaica, to better identify the local population and identify “racial types.” To control different Indian communities deemed criminal and vagrant, the British instituted a system of registration where [...] [particular people] were not allowed to sleep away from their villages without prior permission [...].

---

In sum, when thinking about so-called surveillance capitalism today, it is essential to recognize that the logics that underpin these technologies are not new, but were developed and tested in the management of racialized minorities during the colonial era with a similar end goal, namely to control, order, and undermine the poor, colonized, enslaved, and indentured; to create a vulnerable and super-exploitable workforce; and to increase efficiency in production and foster accumulation. Consequently, while the (digital) technologies used for surveillance might have changed, the logics underpinning them have not.

---

All text above by: Sabrina Axster and Ida Danewid. In a section from an article co-authored by Sabrina Axster, Ida Danewid, Asher Goldstein, Matt Mahmoudi, Cemal Burak Tansel, and Lauren Wilcox. "Colonial Lives of the Carceral Archipelago: Rethinking the Neoliberal Security State". International Political Sociology Volume 15, Issue 3, September 2021, pages 415-439. Published June 2021. At: doi dot org slash 10.1093/ips/olabo013. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me. Presented here for commentary, teaching, criticism purposes.]

[girliepopladycupcakes]

Everyone whos saying im heartless and that im brainwashed i’ll have you know that initially I was an Atul Subhash’s side, but once you start digging deep into this case, you actually realise that this man was connected to the MRA and as soon as I saw that he was connected to the MRA I realised shit, nothing good ever comes out of the MRA, so I dug deeper, and then I found out. Atul Subhash is at fault. I think it’s funny how we are denying his abuse allegations when we have clear proof about all the emails and the documents he sent to the MRA, which clearly showed that he supported domestic violence against women and abortion is murder and stuff. I mean really guys have you forgetting about the numerous FIRs Nikita Singhania filed against Atul subhash. And I refuse to believe somebody who sent out entire emails supporting domestic violence against women has not beaten his own wife. this whole Atul Subhash “murder case” is actually just a sly political trick run by the MRA so that they decrease feminism around the world,which they have been very successful at. Most feminists are making fun of Nikita Singhania and the ones who are in support of her or just don’t choose to address this whole case are being mocked so that is what I’m trying to say, MRA is trying to end feminism. also, can we not just ignore the fact that he justified the Bengaluru woman who was cut into 59 pieces by her boyfriend, saying that sometimes men have to take the law in their own hands? And they say Randtul subrand isnt at fault. Wow. makes you think how powerful the patriarchy really is. Kolkata case. It’s been so long since it happened in August and we’ve been waiting till date for some Justice. Hell the rapists were even bailed out. And this whole torturing for money thing, it isnt a very rare thing to happen in India, actually happens to a lot of women on a daily basis when theyre set ablaze or heat or mattery rapped, and everything, but as soon as a man claims, this is happened to him. We all rush to his defence completely ignoring the stuff women go through in this country. Atul Subhash committing suicide was really unnecessary because any logical and rational person what first come to social media for help, but instead, he just posted a video and a letter and it’s funny because the video and the letter it wasn’t even mostly connected to the whole case. I am telling you Atul Subhash suicide is just a political game to end feminism because if Atul Subhash really had been mentally tortured, it would reflect in his letter as it would reflect in his videos, but instead he choose to talk about why we should end feminism and K dramas and everything women like. I mean really if even after all this your perception of this case hasnt changed then ur a katputli being handled by the patriarchy.

#atul subhash #nikita singhania #feminism #misogyny #Ban the MRa