#LiteraryAnalysis

[alittlebookdust]

The Austenian Confession

The art is not so much in the climactic moment of truth as in the building of an exquisitely delicate and elaborate scaffolding of indirect character interactions that assuredly leads up to a declaration of love. Austen, the genius of social observation and emotional subtlety that threads through her very interactions, layers it into the narrative, so that when and Austen confession arrives, it does feel both inevitable and profound.

Austen's confessions are never straightforwardly that of revealing a secret or of love; there is a great point of culmination in them, a great crescendo of many small exchanges, looks, instances, which, taken singly, would indeed seem trivial, but here they burst in their meaning in the context of the novel. Such indirect moments of interaction would be the platform on which Austen builds the emotional weight, sustaining for the confession. That mechanism has given Austen the ability to delve into the subtleties of her personages' feelings and their interrelations in the manner that comes off as really realistic.

I mean, LOOK at Persuasion. The quiet constancy of Anne Elliot, and the long-felt dislike of Captain Wentworth, now and then making as striking a comment on the canvas of lounging glances and overheard discourses. Plotted through years of separation and silent longing, the climax of their story comes with Wentworth's letter: a confession of love that will always last, now stronger for the time lost, and the words left unspoken between them. Therefore, this letter—culminating in so many delicate, intelligent, passionate, and classically Austenian moments that Wentworth's voice in it has been called one of Austen's masterstrokes—allows the author to eavesdrop up close, through Austen's skill at creating moments of confession deeply tied to the character's emotional journey and the social context that formed it.

So we see how Austen crafts confessional moments—stolen, rising, tight—between characters that are as pivotal to the plot as they are deeply revealing of character, focusing on the gradual build of tension and understanding. These moments light up the social moral and norm of Austen's time; they seem to show how many of her characters were constrained and pressurized, yet also full of resourcefulness, wit, and a wealth of emotion.

[applesanddragons]

Aegon the Unworthy, A Study in Historiography: Chapter 3 - Plumming the Depths

Previous: Chapter 2 - The World of Ice and Fire

I'll begin with the situation I referenced in chapter two as an example of a "Misrepresentation" kind of unreliable narration.

>Aegon soon filled his court with men chosen not for their nobility, honesty, or wisdom, but for their ability to amuse and flatter him. And the women of his court were largely those who did the same, letting him slake his lusts upon their bodies. On a whim, he often took from one noble house to give to another, as he did when he casually appropriated the great hills called the Teats from the Brackens and gifted them to the Blackwoods. For the sake of his desires, he gave away priceless treasures, as he did when he granted his Hand, Lord Butterwell, a dragon’s egg in return for access to all three of his daughters. He deprived men of their rightful inheritance when he desired their wealth, as rumors claim he did following the death of Lord Plumm upon his wedding day. (—Maester Yandel, TWOIAF: The Targaryen Kings: Aegon IV p95)

The last sentence is the only one I'll examine for the duration of this whole chapter.

First, I want to quickly point out that this criticism comes as part of a group. The group creates the sense that we need not bother looking into the specifics of any one particular criticism, because even if only one of them is true then Aegon IV was a very bad person, and because that general assessment of Aegon is constant with almost everything else that can be read about him. But for now, let's pluck this one accusation out of the group and see how it holds up to scrutiny.

>He deprived men of their rightful inheritance when he desired their wealth, as rumors claim he did following the death of Lord Plumm upon his wedding day. (—Maester Yandel, TWOIAF: The Targaryen Kings: Aegon IV p95)

The accusation is that, following the death of Lord Plumm upon Lord Plumm's wedding day, Aegon IV desired the wealth of men and deprived those men of their rightful inheritance. The first thing I want to find out is who those men were.

A Victimless Crime

Who were the men or man that was deprived of his rightful inheritance?

Presumably, the man who was deprived of his rightful inheritance was a son of Lord Plumm, but possibly not, so it's good to check and make sure. When I look at the House Plumm family tree on the Westeros.org wiki, I can see that the name "Lord Plumm" is referring to Ossifer Plumm, because Ossifer was the lord of House Plumm at the time. And since Ossifer is already the lord, he can't be the Plumm who was deprived of his rightful inheritance, because he already inherited the lordship. So the man who was deprived of his rightful inheritance must have been Ossifer Plumm's son, Viserys Plumm.

When I check Viserys Plumm's wiki page, I can see that Viserys Plumm became Lord Plumm next after his father Ossifer. So Viserys Plumm can't be the man who was deprived of his rightful inheritance, either.

Then who was the man or "men" who was deprived of his rightful inheritance? Ossifer Plumm didn't have any other children, and Viserys Plumm didn't have any siblings. What the heck is going on?

The next Plumm in the line of succession after a son is a brother. But Ossifer Plumm didn't have any brothers, either.

There are two Plumms on the Plumm family tree who are not connected to any other Plumms. Those are Petyr Plumm and Maynard Plumm.

When I look into Petyr Plumm, I learn that Petyr Plumm is not a real character. Nothing about him is written and he's nothing more than a drawing in a graphic novel who needed a name.

Since I've read the three Dunk and Egg books, I know that Maynard Plumm is a real character, but he's not a real Plumm. Maynard Plumm is the made up identity of Brynden Rivers, who you might know better as Bloodraven. So Maynard can't be the man who was deprived of his rightful inheritance either, because since he's not a Plumm it wouldn't have been rightful for him to inherit House Plumm.

With all the existing Plumms ruled out as the man who was deprived of his rightful inheritance, I'm feeling lost and confused.

I remember that there was a situation with Ossifer Plumm that was described in King Baelor's section, so let's turn back to page 92 and look at that.

A Scurrilous Rumor

>Elaena outlived her siblings and led a tumultuous life once freed from the Maidenvault. Following in Daena’s footsteps, she bore the bastard twins Jon and Jeyne Waters to Alyn Velaryon, Lord Oakenfist. She hoped to wed him, it is written, but a year after his disappearance at sea, she gave up hope and agreed to marry elsewhere. > >She was thrice wed. Her first marriage was in 176 AC, to the wealthy but aged Ossifer Plumm, who is said to have died while consummating the marriage. She conceived, however, for Lord Plumm did his duty before he died. Later, scurrilous rumors came to suggest that Lord Plumm, in fact, died at the sight of his new bride in her nakedness (this rumor was put in the lewdest terms— terms which might have amused Mushroom but which we need not repeat), and that the child she conceived that night was by her cousin Aegon—he who later became King Aegon the Unworthy. (—Maester Yandel, TWOIAF: The Targaryen Kings: Baelor I p92)

Here I encounter two conflicting versions of Ossifer Plumm's wedding night, when Viserys Plumm was conceived. The official version says that Ossifer died after impregnating Elaena, and a rumor says that Ossifer died without impregnating Elaena and that Aegon impregnated her instead.

Both versions agree that Ossifer died on his wedding night at the bedding, that Elaena was impregnated on her wedding night at the bedding, and that the baby that came from that pregnancy was the person now known as Viserys Plumm. The main point of disagreement is whether the real father of Viserys Plumm is Ossifer Plumm or Aegon Targaryen.

But there are more points of agreement than those three that I can infer from this situation. For instance, both versions seem to agree that Aegon was present at the wedding, otherwise the rumor probably would have been discredited already by the simple fact that Aegon was not there. Likewise, both versions seem to agree that Mushroom was present at the wedding, otherwise the rumor probably would have been discredited already by the simple fact that Mushroom was not there, because Mushroom is apparently the source of the rumor. With these recognitions, we can start filling in some of the surrounding information that's missing from the story, and see what we can learn from the bigger picture.

It makes sense that Aegon was present at the wedding, because the bride is his cousin. And it makes sense that Mushroom was present at the wedding, because Aegon is the king and Mushroom is the court fool, and the king could reasonably take the court fool with him to a wedding celebration.

The crucial issue is about what really happened in that bedroom. Now that you know the gist of both versions of the story, how do you imagine that scene in the bedroom played out? I call this kind of analysis Scenes That Must Have Happened. The way I do it is I hold the scene in my mind, and watch what my imagination places into the gaps. Whatever appears is probably what the history book was meant to suggest. Then I ask myself one basic question and hold onto it for the rest of the investigation: Does that suggestion make sense?

The way the scene fills out for me is that Aegon probably weaseled his way into that bedroom somehow to take advantage of the situation. Maybe he snuck in through the window or maybe when Elaena was freaking out about her dead husband Aegon went into the room with her and locked the door behind them. He would probably tell the other wedding attendees later that Elaena just needed some emotional support from her dear cousin on her big day, and that Ossifer was alive and well at the time. With Elaena's husband dead, Aegon probably saw it as an opportunity to slake his lusts upon yet another woman, with no regard for anyone but himself. Being the king, he can pretty much do whatever he wants and everybody just has to do what he says, or else pretend like they don't know what's happening.

Now that I've allowed my imagination to fill in the details, roles and tone, I can consider if the picture as a whole makes sense. It certainly makes sense with Aegon's characterization as a cruel and insatiable glutton, so let's keep this scene as it is and test how much sense it makes by seeing what it means for the original question: Who was the man or men that Aegon deprived of their rightful inheritance?

Supposing that the scene played out mostly as described above, the real father of Viserys Plumm is Aegon Targaryen. And if the real father of Viserys Plumm is Aegon Targaryen, then Viserys Plumm can't possibly be the man who was deprived of his rightful inheritance, because Viserys Plumm did inherit House Plumm.

Unless . . .

When the historian says "deprived men of their rightful inheritance", could he mean the thing that the men were deprived of was the rightfulness of the inheritance, rather than the inheritance?

>He deprived men of their rightful inheritance when he desired their wealth, as rumors claim he did following the death of Lord Plumm upon his wedding day. (—Maester Yandel, TWOIAF: The Targaryen Kings: Aegon IV p95)

In that interpretation, the historian's words still technically allow that the man who Aegon wronged did receive an inheritance, but he received it wrongfully because he's a Targaryen and not a Plumm.

After you're finished rolling on the floor laughing, let's take a moment to appreciate the art of the lie.

I finally understand why the historian used the word "men" instead of "man." At the time the historian is writing this book, there have been five generations of Plumms since the time of Viserys Plumm's birth, and every Plumm man including and after Viserys can truthfully be called a "man who was deprived of his rightful inheritance," emphasis on rightful, because Viserys Plumm's father was not really Ossifer, and all of Viserys's descendants are therefore descendants of not-Ossifer, too.

The hilariously glaring omission? Neither Viserys Plumm nor any of his descenents would exist at all if Aegon hadn't fathered Viserys, because Ossifer Plumm died on his wedding night before he could do his duty in the marriage bed.

So Aegon the Unworthy is guilty as charged. Aegon caused rightful inheritances to be deprived from many Plumm men, none of whom would have ever been born to inherit anything if Aegon had not been so darn Unworthy. That rascal!

Honesty Tooled For Dishonesty

That was a good example of how these histories are laden with unreliable narrations. In this case, the unreliability is misrepresentation. The historian is using language in a sneaky way to tell a technically true statement that, upon closer inspection, is meaningfully false, and that does a lot of work to depict Aegon IV as a depraved monster.

As if to drive home the nail, the historian ends the story with a tactically placed reminder.

>and that the child she conceived that night was by her cousin Aegon—he who later became King Aegon the Unworthy.

'Yes, this man Aegon who I just mentioned is the same Aegon you've heard about, and who you'll probably recognize better as Aegon the (officially) Unworthy.' [Ominous screech]

Through this revelation we can begin to develop an understanding of what all did really happen in this situation, and what really was the true tone of these events and characters.

Inferring Cause From Effect

Why did Maester Yandel include the rumor at all? The effect of the rumor's inclusion was that it caused me to imagine that Aegon raped Elaena. In other words, it caused me to imagine Aegon being a villain. So a simple way to infer cause from effect is to invert the effect: Maybe Aegon was really the hero in the situation. And maybe the reason the historian needs to depict him as a villain is because Aegon's heroism is problematic for the royal narrative. Then I can start imagining how Aegon being the hero in the situation could be possible.

The effectiveness with which this piece of history hides the potential for Aegon to be the hero in the situation leads me to wonder if Aegon was really the hero in the situation. If nothing else, by having sex with Elaena on her wedding night and denying it, Aegon rescued the Plumm name from extinction. House Plumm is among the oldest Houses in Westeros, tracing their history all the way back to the Age of Heroes. It would be a shame for such an ancient House to fade away just because one generation had a stroke of bad luck.

In addition to being ancient, House Plumm is also rich. Remember, Elaena's history describes Ossifer Plumm as being wealthy.

>Her first marriage was in 176 AC, to the wealthy but aged Ossifer Plumm, who is said to have died while consummating the marriage.

Come to think of it, the accusation against Aegon mentioned wealth, too.

>He deprived men of their rightful inheritance when he desired their wealth, as rumors claim he did following the death of Lord Plumm upon his wedding day. (—Maester Yandel, TWOIAF: The Targaryen Kings: Aegon IV p95)

A desire for wealth was supposedly Aegon's motivation for depriving men of their rightful inheritance. But since Viserys Plumm did inherit House Plumm, then the wealth of House Plumm didn't go to Aegon, it went to Viserys Plumm. I mean, if Aegon is not really the person who ended up with House Plumm's wealth, that should cause us to doubt whether Aegon really had his sights set on House Plumm's wealth at all, shouldn't it?

I call this kind of analysis Follow The Money. It can be a good way to discover and correctly assign motivations in situations that involve money. The way I do it is I ignore everything I'm told about what peoples' motivations are, then I look at whose control the money is moving out of and into, and then I infer peoples' motivations based on who gained and who lost money.

Before Ossifer Plumm died on his wedding night, House Plumm's gold was in the control of Ossifer Plumm. Then Ossifer Plumm died on his wedding night, and at the same time Viserys Plumm was conceived (by Aegon). Nine to ten months later, Viserys Plumm was born. But a baby can't be the lord of a House in any way but name. He'll have to wait until he's grown before he can be the acting lord.

So, who really controls House Plumm and its gold for the fourteen to seventeen years between Viserys Plumm's conception and Viserys Plumm's ascension to acting lord?

His mother, Elaena Targaryen.

The effectiveness with which this piece of history hides the potential for Elaena to be the villain in the situation leads me to wonder if Elaena was really the villain in the situation. I mean, since the person who really ended up with House Plumm's wealth is Elaena, then maybe wealth was her motivation from the very beginning, rather than Aegon's. Marrying someone for their wealth does not seem like an especially villainous thing to do, but it seems cold and calculating. But maybe that's just because I'm not a Westerosi person.

If nothing else, this answers a question that I only now just realized I would have asked from the beginning if the situation were introduced to me differently. Why did the twenty-six year old Elaena Targaryen marry the "aged" and apparently frail of health Ossifer Plumm? To get the Plumm fortune.

Rhyme As Witness

But even that is the wrong question. Because you see, in context of Westerosi norms, Elaena's marriage to Ossifer does not demand as much explanation as does Ossifer's marriage to Elaena. Being the lord of a rich and ancient House with no heirs to speak of and few years left to live, Lord Ossifer Plumm was the juiciest plum in the seven kingdoms.

>"This old Plumm was a lord, though, must have been a famous fellow in his day, the talk of all the land. The thing was, begging your royal pardon, he had himself a cock six foot long.” (—Brown Ben Plumm, ASOS Daenerys V)

And not because of his giant cock. We'll arrive at that later.

This next mode of analysis I call Complete The Rhyme (taken from George R. R. Martin’s quote that History doesn’t always repeat but it does rhyme.). The way I do it is when I find a situation in the present day characters that mirrors (or rhymes with) the historical characters, or vice versa, I let knowns from one era fill in unknowns from the other era. In this case, Elaena Targaryen’s marriage to Ossifer Plumm rhymes with Lysa Arryn’s marriage to Jon Arryn. That is, young noble princess marries rich old lord who desperately needs an heir before he dies.

In Elaena's situation, we've arrived at a conflict of interpretation. Some readers will argue that Elaena was the bigger prize in the marriage, and other readers will argue that Ossifer was the bigger prize in the marriage. To fill in this unknown in the past, I can refer to Lysa's situation nearer to the present, and try to get a sense of the actual opinion of Westerosi people and nobles. Then I will have good grounding to suppose that the opinion in the past would have been the same as the opinion in the present.

>Catelyn rose, threw on a robe, and descended the steps to the darkened solar to stand over her father. A sense of helpless dread filled her. "Father," she said, "Father, I know what you did." She was no longer an innocent bride with a head full of dreams. She was a widow, a traitor, a grieving mother, and wise, wise in the ways of the world. "You made him take her," she whispered. "Lysa was the price Jon Arryn had to pay for the swords and spears of House Tully." > >Small wonder her sister's marriage had been so loveless. The Arryns were proud, and prickly of their honor. Lord Jon might wed Lysa to bind the Tullys to the cause of the rebellion, and in hopes of a son, but it would have been hard for him to love a woman who came to his bed soiled and unwilling. He would have been kind, no doubt; dutiful, yes; but Lysa needed warmth. (—Catelyn Stark, ASOS 2 Catelyn I)

As Catelyn's thoughts indicate, the general attitude of Westerosi nobles about Jon Arryn's marriage to Lysa Tully is that Jon Arryn is the bigger prize, with one reason being that Lysa's maidenhead is soiled. Westerosi people do not weigh passion as heavily nor wealth as lightly as we do in the real world where, under capitalism for instance, fortunes rarely last for hundreds of years, but are most often made and lost within the space of a few generations.

Not so unlike Elaena Targaryen, Jon Arryn, Lysa Arryn and Hoster Tully, Ossifer Plumm is not as concerned with love, compatibility or desire in the marriage as he is with the socio-political needs of his House. House Plumm desperately needs an heir, and fast, or else House Plumm will fall into disarray and ruin or disappear forever with the death of Ossifer Plumm. Every great House in the kingdom would know that, because lines of succession are integral to the political machinery of Westeros. And that's why Ossifer Plumm was "a famous fellow in his day, the talk of all the land." Elaena Targaryen would know about House Plumm's situation, too.

Additionally, just like Lysa's soiling made her a perfect candidate for marriage to an heirless old lord who can't afford the risk of marrying an infertile bride, so did Elaena's soiling.

>Elaena outlived her siblings and led a tumultuous life once freed from the Maidenvault. Following in Daena’s footsteps, she bore the bastard twins Jon and Jeyne Waters to Alyn Velaryon, Lord Oakenfist. She hoped to wed him, it is written, but a year after his disappearance at sea, she gave up hope and agreed to marry elsewhere.

So when Ossifer Plumm died on his wedding night before conceiving an heir, Elaena knew that without a Plumm heir to show for it she could assume no claim to House Plumm's wealth.

At the end of the Plumm puzzle, a whole different picture of the bedroom scene is beginning to take shape. It was not Aegon who seized upon the tragedy to slake his lusts upon Elaena, it was Elaena who urged Aegon to slake his lusts upon her, helping her to prevent her own tragedy of failing to secure House Plumm's wealth for herself.

I can almost write Elaena's lines in the bedroom scene myself.

The kings of old practiced the First Night, this is no different.

The Targaryens have wed brother to sister for hundreds of years.

No one will ever know.

We can save the old man's memory from humiliation.

Everywhere that Ossifer Plumm's name is mentioned in the main series, there can be found a Complete The Rhyme clue. Let's find Ossifer Plumm's name in a Cersei chapter in A Feast for Crows.

>To break her fast the queen sent to the kitchens for two boiled eggs, a loaf of bread, and a pot of honey. But when she cracked the first egg and found a bloody half-formed chick inside, her stomach roiled. “Take this away and bring me hot spiced wine,” she told Senelle. The chill in the air was settling in her bones, and she had a long nasty day ahead of her. > >Nor did Jaime help her mood when he turned up all in white and still unshaven, to tell her how he meant to keep her son from being poisoned. “I will have men in the kitchens watching as each dish is prepared,” he said. “Ser Addam’s gold cloaks will escort the servants as they bring the food to table, to make certain no tampering takes place along the way. Ser Boros will be tasting every course before Tommen puts a bite into his mouth. And if all that should fail, Maester Ballabar will be seated in the back of the hall, with purges and antidotes for twenty common poisons on his person. Tommen will be safe, I promise you.” > >“Safe.” The word tasted bitter on her tongue. Jaime did not understand. No one understood. Only Melara had been in the tent to hear the old hag’s croaking threats, and Melara was long dead. “Tyrion will not kill the same way twice. He is too cunning for that. He could be under the floor even now, listening to every word we say and making plans to open Tommen’s throat.” > >“Suppose he was,” said Jaime. “Whatever plans he makes, he will still be small and stunted. Tommen will be surrounded by the finest knights in Westeros. The Kingsguard will protect him.” > >Cersei glanced at where the sleeve of her brother’s white silk tunic had been pinned up over his stump. “I remember how well they guarded Joffrey, these splendid knights of yours. I want you to remain with Tommen all night, is that understood?” > >“I will have a guardsman outside his door.” > >She seized his arm. “Not a guardsman. You. And inside his bedchamber.” >

>“In case Tyrion crawls out of the hearth? He won’t.” > >“So you say. Will you tell me that you found all the hidden tunnels in these walls?” They both knew better. “I will not have Tommen alone with Margaery, not for so much as half a heartbeat.” > >“They will not be alone. Her cousins will be with them.” > >“As will you. I command it, in the king’s name.” Cersei had not wanted Tommen and his wife to share a bed at all, but the Tyrells had insisted. “Husband and wife should sleep together,” the Queen of Thorns had said, “even if they do no more than sleep. His Grace’s bed is big enough for two, surely.” Lady Alerie had echoed her good-mother. “Let the children warm each other in the night. It will bring them closer. Margaery oft shares her blankets with her cousins. They sing and play games and whisper secrets to each other when the candles are snuffed out.” > >“How delightful,” Cersei had said. “Let them continue, by all means. In the Maidenvault.” > >“I am sure Her Grace knows best,” Lady Olenna had said to Lady Alerie. “She is the boy’s own mother, after all, of that we are all sure. And surely we can agree about the wedding night? A man should not sleep apart from his wife on the night of their wedding. It is ill luck for their marriage if they do.” > >Someday I will teach you the meaning of “ill luck,” the queen had vowed. “Margaery may share Tommen’s bedchamber for that one night,” she had been forced to say. “No longer.” > >“Your Grace is so gracious,” the Queen of Thorns had replied, and everyone had exchanged smiles. > >Cersei’s fingers were digging into Jaime’s arm hard enough to leave bruises. “I need eyes inside that room,” she said. > >“To see what?” he said. “There can be no danger of a consummation. Tommen is much too young.” > >“And Ossifer Plumm was much too dead, but that did not stop him fathering a child, did it?” > >Her brother looked lost. “Who was Ossifer Plumm? Was he Lord Philip’s father, or … who?” > >He is near as ignorant as Robert. All his wits were in his sword hand. “Forget Plumm, just remember what I told you. Swear to me that you will stay by Tommen’s side until the sun comes up.” (AFFC 12 Cersei III)

In this passage, Cersei references Ossifer Plumm as an example from history of a dynasty being hereditarily usurped, because any pregnancy conceived on the bride during or near her wedding night will be assumed the child of the husband. The baby will go on carrying the dynasty name without a drop of the blood in his veins.

Jaime doesn't know this bit of history, so he doesn't understand the reference. He guesses that Ossifer was the father of Lord Philip Plumm, who is the current Lord of House Plumm at the time of Jaime and Cersei's conversation. Jaime's guess shows me that the history-ness of the reference is definitely the reason Jaime doesn't know it. He was more interested in swordfighting than history.

As if to settle the debate about whose idea it was — between Aegon IV and Elaena Targaryen — to pass off Aegon's baby as Ossifer's baby, A Song of Ice and Fire chooses a side by showing me that the same idea occurred first to our present day woman, and not at all to our present day man.

By traveling from one era to the other along the dimension of gender, this instance of Complete The Rhyme points to the differences between men and women as somehow containing the explanation for why such an idea occurs to Elaena and Cersei before Aegon and Jaime. The idea for pregnancy sneakiness would reasonably occur sooner to a person who is capable of pregnancy than to a person who is not.

History Written With The Sword

Let's take another moment to appreciate the art of the lie. In order to completely reverse the hero and villain roles of this part of history, the historian had to do little more than lift the villain's motivation from off the villain and place it onto the hero. "He deprived men of their rightful inheritance when he desired their wealth, (...)"

When a House goes extinct, all of its land, wealth, property and titles are returned to the king. The king can then do with them as he likes. Far from a desire for House Plumm's wealth, by making a baby with Elaena, Aegon prevented himself from receiving House Plumm's wealth and enabled Elaena to receive it instead.

Aegon knew that because he was king at the time and that he would likely remain king for many years to come, House Plumm's extinction would remain a secret, allowing its name to live on. Few are the people who would dare to publicly accuse the *king* of lying about such a thing. Far from abusing his kingly power to gratify himself free from criticism, Aegon managed to put his kingly freedom from criticism to work toward a selfless and sentimental result.

With the historian's reconfiguration, the memory of Elaena enjoys an undeserved boon, and the memory of Aegon suffers an undeserved curse. Why? Because history is written by the victors, and the victor of history was Daeron II Targaryen.

After Aegon's death, Elaena became Daeron's highly capable master of coin during his reign as king.

>Her second marriage was at the behest of Aegon the Unworthy’s successor, King Daeron the Good. Daeron wed her to his master of coin, and this union led to four more children … and to Elaena becoming known to be the true master of coin, for her husband was said to be a good and noble lord but one without a great facility for numbers. She swiftly grew influential, and was trusted by King Daeron in all things as she labored on his behalf and on that of the realm. (—Maester Yandel, TWOIAF: The Targaryen Kings: Baelor I p92)

Calculating, indeed. How did Elaena get so much practice with numbers, anyway?

The quality of a king's court reflects the quality of the king, and since Elaena was a key member of King Daeron's trusted court, her villainy was an annoyance to historians. So whenever Daeron and his descendants conscripted a history book, the historian found better use of Elaena by hiding her unflattering motivations and deeds and instead allowing suggestion to grant her the role of victim. Therein lies much of the historian's reason for including Mushroom's version of the story.

If Mushroom's version had been left out, the passage would not have conjured in my mind that awful bedroom scene of Aegon the Unworthy's unworthiness. As references to Ossifer Plumm in the main series indicate, it's an open secret that Aegon IV rather than Ossifer Plumm fathered Viserys Plumm. The "cock" in Brown Ben Plumm's "he had a cock six foot long" quote is, of course, referring to the "length" (height) of King Aegon IV, implying that Aegon rather than Ossifer impregnated Elaena, and with double entendre where "cock" also works as an insult to Aegon.

Indeed, it would seem that evoking the image of Aegon forcing or insisting himself upon Elaena in the in-story reader's mind was the historians' only reason for including Mushroom's version at all. It's the specifically sexual and self-gratifying kind of villainy that history has branded Aegon with to great effect in the public consciousness. Thus concludes our game of Scenes That Must Have Happened. In light of everything we've learned, the scene that the histories evoke through suggestion does not make sense with the facts.

At the same time, we should be careful not to underestimate the historians. Like Maester Yandel, a person generally doesn't come to write history without having in his heart a genuine love and commitment to true knowledge. While it's true that, in the context of the "Unworthy" theme of Aegon the Unworthy, the inclusion of Mushroom's version of this piece of history will predictably cause an in-story reader to imagine the bedroom rape scene, it's also true that without the inclusion of Mushroom's version, it would not have been possible for we sleuthing readers or maesters to have researched and reasoned our way to the true history. The "rumor" that Viserys Plumm was really sired by Aegon rather than Ossifer is what enabled us to discover everything else. Without it, there wouldn't have been two competing accounts, and we would have gone on believing the official one that Viserys was sired by Ossifer. So it's conceivable that Maester Yandel was counting on smart readers to be unsatisfied with the uncertainty and to dig out the true version.

A Memory Accursed

On the topic of public consciousness, let's look at another Complete The Rhyme from the present day characters.

>Viserion spread his pale white wings and flapped lazily at his head. One of the wings buffeted the sellsword in his face. The white dragon landed awkwardly with one foot on the man’s head and one on his shoulder, shrieked, and flew off again. “He likes you, Ben,” said Dany. > >“And well he might.” Brown Ben laughed. “I have me a drop of the dragon blood myself, you know.” > >“You?” Dany was startled. Plumm was a creature of the free companies, an amiable mongrel. He had a broad brown face with a broken nose and a head of nappy grey hair, and his Dothraki mother had bequeathed him large, dark, almond-shaped eyes. He claimed to be part Braavosi, part Summer Islander, part Ibbenese, part Qohorik, part Dothraki, part Dornish, and part Westerosi, but this was the first she had heard of Targaryen blood. She gave him a searching look and said, “How could that be?” > >“Well,” said Brown Ben, “there was some old Plumm in the Sunset Kingdoms who wed a dragon princess. My grandmama told me the tale. He lived in King Aegon’s day.” > >“Which King Aegon?” Dany asked. “Five Aegons have ruled in Westeros.” Her brother’s son would have been the sixth, but the Usurper’s men had dashed his head against a wall. >

>“Five, were there? Well, that’s a confusion. I could not give you a number, my queen. This old Plumm was a lord, though, must have been a famous fellow in his day, the talk of all the land. The thing was, begging your royal pardon, he had himself a cock six foot long.” > >The three bells in Dany’s braid tinkled when she laughed. “You mean inches, I think.” > >“Feet,” Brown Ben said firmly. “If it was inches, who’d want to talk about it, now? Your Grace.” > >Dany giggled like a little girl. “Did your grandmother claim she’d actually seen this prodigy?” > >“That the old crone never did. She was half-Ibbenese and half-Qohorik, never been to Westeros, my grandfather must have told her. Some Dothraki killed him before I was born.” > >“And where did your grandfather’s knowledge come from?” > >“One of them tales told at the teat, I’d guess.” Brown Ben shrugged. “That’s all I know about Aegon the Unnumbered or old Lord Plumm’s mighty manhood, I fear. I best see to my Sons.” > >“Go do that,” Dany told him. (ASOS Daenerys V)

In this passage, Daenerys's dragons show a liking for Brown Ben Plumm, suggesting that Mushroom's version of the Ossifer Plumm story is true, and contradicting the recurring insistences from Maester Yandel and other historians that Mushroom's versions of history are probably wrong.

Brown Ben Plumm claims to have a little bit of Targaryen in his heritage, referring to the same rumor we heard from Mushroom and Cersei that King Aegon IV the Unworthy was the biological father of Viserys Plumm.

Dany can see that Brown Ben has none of the traditional Targaryen features — not the silver hair, purple eyes, or pale skin. But since dragons are magical sorts of animals and animals have ways of sensing things that humans can't sense, I'm left with the impression that the behavior of the dragons is a more reliable test than Brown Ben's appearance.

I can be sure that the "old Plumm who lived in the Sunset kingdoms," "wed a dragon princess" and "lived in Aegon's day" is Ossifer Plumm, because Ossifer Plumm is the only Plumm who matches all of those descriptions.

Brown Ben credits his "drop of Targaryen blood" to a Targaryen princess, who I know was Elaena Targaryen. Both the official and rumor versions of history agree that Viserys Plumm's mother was Elaena Targaryen. But Brown Ben is more right than he knows, because Viserys Plumm's father was a Targaryen, too, none other than the king Aegon. Comically, Brown Ben takes his grandmama's story too literally, not understanding that Ossifer Plumm's "cock six foot long" is referring to Aegon the man rather than to Ossifer's literal endowment.

In the Ossifer Plumm situation from history, there is some disagreement in the interpretation. Some readers will say that the history is not really lying that a deprivation occurred, because Aegon did in fact deprive Plumm men of their rightful ineritances, meaning their inheritances being rightful, and that those Plumm men would prefer it if they were real Plumms so that they don't have to live a lie. And some readers will say that the Plumms would feel bad about being a descendent of such an Unworthy king, saying that House Plumm lost more than it gained when it was hereditarily usurped by House Targaryen.

As if to settle those disagreements, A Song of Ice and Fire chooses a side by showing me in this passage that the Plumm family themselves preserved the knowledge of Aegon's contribution to the Plumm line in a funny and memorable story, passing it down through the Plumm generations to arrive to us and Daenerys in the present day.

As wealthy as House Plumm may be, House Targaryen is wealthier and more powerful. And as desirable a position as Lord of House Plumm may be, it struggles to compare to the positions that are possible as a Targaryen descendent of a king— Heir Apparent, Crown Prince, King. For the noble Houses of Westeros, royalty is the last and most elusive rung to climb on the socio-economic ladder. Once your family gets into the Targaryen club, it's a permanent member. The more your family gets into the Targaryen family, the more chances your family has of being the lucky spot on the Targaryen lineage tree where the royal succession lands.

This passage further demonstrates that maester historians rely upon the "Aegon the Unworthy" narrative to do most of the work of misleading the in-story audience from the truth. Likewise, George R. R. Martin relies upon it to do most of the work of misleading us from the truth. Had I done a better job of leaving my real world attitudes at the door and adopting in-story attitudes, I would have noticed sooner that, far from deprivation of their rightful inheritance, it's better to be a real Targaryen Prince disguised as a real Plumm than to be simply a real Plumm. As simply a real Plumm you get House Plumm, but as a real Targaryen Prince disguised as a real Plumm you get all the same things as a real Plumm plus the chance of winning the Kinghood by the ever-unfolding lottery of unpredictable events. In this way, the Aegon the Unworthy narrative is symbolic of our tendency to slide into our real world attitudes, inappropriately abandoning the in-story attitudes in which the attraction of moving one's family into the line of royal succession far outweighs the repulsion of being associated with a king who has a bad reputation.

With the purple fruits of our labor in hand, let's carry all that we've learned about the Plumm situation in this chapter on to the next chapter, where we'll dive into another sentence from that original paragraph in The World of Ice and Fire.

Next: Chapter 4 - Butterwell and Eggs

applesanddragons

[komorebi-musings]

My All-Time Favourite Novel

William Golding’s Lord of the Flies Imagine a world where innocence meets savagery, where the thin veneer of civilization crumbles under the weight of primal instincts. William Golding’s “Lord of the Flies” invites us to explore this haunting realm, but do we dare confront the darkness lurking within ourselves alongside its characters? Though it may appear as a tale of adventurous kids gone…

[ancientroyalblood]

Building Stronger Narratives: The Power of Themes

Themes are the threads that bind the narrative together, infusing it with depth, resonance, and a timeless quality. Join me on a journey through the significance of themes in storytelling and discover the art of seamlessly weaving them into your narratives. Uncover the transformative power of themes, turning your stories into compelling and unforgettable experiences. **1. Understanding the…

[writeleg1ant]

Understanding the Interactions Amongst the Characters

Introduction

Character interactions play a pivotal role in shaping the narrative landscape of any story. Whether in literature, film, or any form of storytelling, the dynamics between characters can significantly influence the audience's engagement. This article explores the nuances of character interactions, shedding light on their importance, factors influencing them, and practical ways to teach and assess these interactions.

Outline

- Introduction - Importance of Character Interactions - Enhancing Plot Development - Building Depth in Characters - Factors Influencing Character Interactions - Personality Traits - Motivations and Goals - Conflict and Resolution - Designing Engaging Character Interactions - Creating Realistic Dialogue - Utilizing Body Language - Incorporating Subtext - Role of Character Relationships - Friendships - Romantic Relationships - Antagonistic Relationships - Analyzing Character Relationships: A Comprehensive Guide - Teaching Character Interactions - Lesson Plan Overview - Activities and Exercises - Assessing Student Understanding - Evaluation Methods - Feedback and Improvement - Real-world Applications - Translating Fictional Skills to Reality - Professional and Social Implications - Case Studies - Successful Character Interactions in Literature - Lessons from Notable Authors - Common Mistakes to Avoid - Stereotyping Characters - Overloading Dialogues - The Impact of Character Interactions on Reader Engagement - Emotional Connection - Reader Investment - Conclusion - FAQs - Sources

Understanding the Interactions Amongst the Characters

Importance of Character Interactions

Enhancing Plot Development

Character interactions serve as the dynamic engine that propels the narrative forward, adding layers of complexity to the plot. Through well-crafted interactions, authors have the power to introduce unexpected twists, intricate conflicts, and satisfying resolutions. Engaging the audience in the ebb and flow of character dynamics ensures that the story remains compelling and unpredictable. A plot driven by meaningful interactions not only captures the reader's attention but also keeps them eagerly anticipating the next turn of events.

Building Depth in Characters

Beyond merely advancing the storyline, character interactions play a crucial role in sculpting the depth and authenticity of the individuals within the narrative. The way characters engage with each other provides readers with a unique vantage point into their personalities, motivations, and inner worlds. By observing how characters respond to challenges, express their emotions, and navigate relationships, readers gain profound insights into their strengths, weaknesses, and idiosyncrasies. These nuances contribute to creating characters that extend beyond mere protagonists and antagonists, evolving into individuals with whom the audience can empathize and connect.

Factors Influencing Dynamic Interactions

Understanding the factors that influence character interactions is paramount in creating authentic and compelling scenarios within a story. A character's personality traits, motivations, and the overarching conflict are pivotal in shaping how they engage with the world around them. Personality Traits Each character brings a unique set of traits to the narrative, influencing how they interact with others. An extroverted, charismatic character might engage in lively and expressive interactions, while an introverted character may express themselves more subtly. Exploring this diversity enriches the overall tapestry of character dynamics. Motivations and Goals Character interactions are deeply intertwined with the motivations and goals driving each individual. Whether fueled by love, ambition, or a desire for revenge, these motivations become the driving force behind characters' choices and interactions. Understanding these underlying motives adds depth and authenticity to the narrative. Conflict and Resolution Conflict, a fundamental element of storytelling, significantly impacts character interactions. How characters navigate conflicts and seek resolutions not only influences the plot's trajectory but also reveals essential aspects of their personalities. The nuanced handling of conflict and resolution contributes to the overall richness of character dynamics.

Factors Influencing Character Interactions

Personality Traits

In the intricate dance of character interactions, the distinctive personality traits of each individual act as the choreography, determining the rhythm and style of their engagements. An introverted character, characterized by introspection and reserved demeanor, might opt for subtle and nuanced interactions. On the flip side, an extroverted character, fueled by outward expression, may engage in lively and expressive interactions. Exploring this spectrum of traits enriches the narrative, infusing it with authenticity and allowing readers to connect more deeply with the characters.

Motivations and Goals

At the heart of compelling character interactions lie their motivations and goals. Understanding the driving forces behind a character's actions provides a roadmap to deciphering their interactions. Whether propelled by love, ambition, or the pursuit of revenge, these motivations become the invisible threads weaving the tapestry of relationships within a story. Characters with conflicting motivations can spark intense and intriguing interactions, driving the narrative forward with a sense of purpose and tension.

Conflict and Resolution

In the grand theater of storytelling, conflict takes center stage, and character interactions often become the battleground for these dramatic confrontations. How characters navigate and resolve conflicts is a lens through which their personalities and values are refracted. The choices made in the heat of disagreement or the aftermath of a clash reveal crucial facets of a character's nature. Skillful handling of conflict and resolution not only advances the plot but also provides opportunities for character growth, adding depth and complexity to the narrative.

Designing Engaging Character Interactions

Creating Realistic Dialogue

In the intricate tapestry of character interactions, dialogue is the thread that weaves authenticity into the narrative. Crafting realistic dialogue is an art that involves capturing the cadence, nuances, and idiosyncrasies of human speech. Characters should speak in a manner that aligns with their personalities, backgrounds, and the context of the story. Whether it's the witty banter between friends, the terse exchanges in a heated argument, or the tender words exchanged between lovers, well-crafted dialogue immerses readers in the world of the characters, making the narrative more relatable and engaging.

Utilizing Body Language

Communication extends far beyond spoken words, and character interactions gain depth when writers pay attention to the language of the body. Subtle cues such as a furrowed brow, a nervous fidget, or a confident stance can convey emotions and intentions more vividly than words alone. By incorporating body language into character interactions, writers create a multi-sensory experience for readers. This attention to detail not only enriches the storytelling but also provides an additional layer for readers to interpret and connect with the characters on a more profound level.

Incorporating Subtext

The space between words often speaks louder than the words themselves, and this is where subtext comes into play. Characters may not always express their true thoughts and feelings explicitly; there's an art to what remains unsaid. Mastering subtext allows writers to convey the unspoken tensions, desires, or hidden agendas that simmer beneath the surface of interactions. It adds complexity to characters, making them more intriguing and the narrative more layered. Readers, attuned to the subtle dance of subtext, find themselves engaged in deciphering the deeper currents of the story, enhancing their overall reading experience.

Role of Character Relationships

Friendships

Friendships in storytelling serve as a dynamic force that shapes characters and propels the narrative forward. The bonds formed between characters provide a foundation of support, camaraderie, and shared experiences. Whether it's the laughter shared in moments of joy or the steadfast support during times of crisis, well-crafted friendships breathe life into the narrative. These relationships can also introduce elements of challenge and growth, as friends may hold each other accountable or navigate conflicts. Friendships add a layer of authenticity to characters, making them more relatable to readers who recognize the nuances of genuine connections.

Romantic Relationships

Romantic interactions are a cornerstone of character relationships, infusing stories with passion, tension, and emotional depth. From the delicate dance of flirtation to the complexities of long-term commitments, the spectrum of romantic relationships offers a vast canvas for storytelling. Exploring the dynamics between characters in love allows writers to delve into the intricacies of human emotion. Whether it's the slow burn of a developing romance or the stormy clashes in a tumultuous relationship, these interactions contribute to the overarching themes of the narrative, creating a memorable and emotionally resonant reading experience.

Antagonistic Relationships

Antagonists, whether they are external foes or internal conflicts, are pivotal in character interactions. The confrontations and clashes between characters and their antagonistic forces drive the plot forward, creating tension and suspense. Examining how characters navigate these adversarial relationships provides insight into their strengths, vulnerabilities, and growth arcs. The resolution of antagonistic conflicts can be as crucial as their emergence, shaping the characters and the overall trajectory of the story. Well-crafted antagonistic relationships add layers of complexity to the narrative, keeping readers invested in the characters' journeys.

Analyzing Character Relationships: A Comprehensive Guide

Analyzing character relationships in literature is a nuanced process that involves delving into the dynamics, motivations, and implications of interactions between characters. To perform a thorough analysis, one must consider several key elements. 1. Observation of Interactions Begin by closely observing how characters engage with each other. Note the frequency, tone, and context of their interactions. Look for patterns or changes in behavior over the course of the narrative. 2. Exploration of Motivations Understanding the motivations driving characters is essential. Examine their goals, desires, and fears. Character motivations significantly influence how they relate to others within the story. 3. Examination of Conflict and Resolution Character relationships often evolve through conflict and resolution. Analyze the nature of conflicts, how characters navigate them, and the impact on their relationships. Resolutions can provide insights into the depth of connections. 4. Assessment of Dialogue and Non-Verbal Cues Character relationships are often conveyed through dialogue and non-verbal cues. Analyze the subtleties of conversations, paying attention to what is said versus what is implied. Consider body language, gestures, and expressions to unearth hidden dynamics. 5. Consideration of Changes Over Time Characters and their relationships may undergo transformations. Track the evolution of relationships throughout the narrative, identifying pivotal moments that shape the characters' connections. 6. Evaluation of External Influences External factors can significantly impact character relationships. Analyze how societal, cultural, or environmental elements contribute to or hinder the development of connections. 7. Recognition of Symbolism Authors often use symbolism to convey deeper meanings in character relationships. Explore symbolic elements within the narrative that enhance the understanding of connections. In conclusion, a comprehensive analysis of character relationships involves a multidimensional approach, considering various aspects of interactions, motivations, conflicts, and symbolic elements. This process not only unveils the intricacies of relationships but also provides a richer understanding of the narrative as a whole.

Teaching Character Interactions

Lesson Plan Overview Crafting a lesson plan on character interactions necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies involved in character dynamics. The plan begins by exploring fundamental psychological principles that underpin human relationships. By delving into concepts such as communication styles, personality traits, and the impact of motivations, students gain insights into how these aspects shape fictional characters. Additionally, the plan incorporates an analysis of literary examples that exemplify effective character interactions. By dissecting well-crafted narratives, students can identify and appreciate the techniques employed by seasoned authors in portraying engaging relationships. Activities and Exercises The effectiveness of the lesson plan lies in its hands-on approach, offering students practical experiences to solidify their comprehension of character interactions. Role-playing activities immerse students in the minds and emotions of the characters they create, allowing them to apply psychological concepts in a dynamic setting. Group discussions stimulate critical thinking as students analyze and compare the character interactions present in various literary works. Creative writing exercises then empower students to experiment with different scenarios, fostering creativity and honing their ability to construct authentic and compelling character relationships. Through these activities, students not only grasp theoretical concepts but also cultivate practical skills in character development and interaction.

Assessing Student Understanding

Evaluation Methods Effectively evaluating students' understanding of character interactions involves employing a variety of assessment methods. Assignments that require students to create and analyze character interactions in written form assess their ability to apply theoretical knowledge. Quizzes, both written and oral, test their comprehension of key concepts such as dialogue, conflict, and subtext. Peer reviews introduce an interactive element, allowing students to evaluate and learn from each other's work. The combination of these evaluation methods provides a holistic view of each student's proficiency in grasping the nuanced elements of character interactions. Feedback and Improvement Constructive feedback is an integral component of the learning process. After assessments, providing detailed feedback on students' strengths and areas for improvement helps them understand their progress. Encouraging students to revisit and revise their work based on feedback cultivates a mindset of continuous improvement. This iterative process not only hones their understanding of character interactions but also instills a sense of resilience and determination. The goal is to create an environment where students perceive feedback as a valuable tool for enhancing their skills, fostering a culture of ongoing learning and development.

Real-world Applications

Translating Fictional Skills to Reality The skills cultivated through understanding character interactions in fiction possess real-world applicability. Effective communication, a cornerstone of compelling character interactions, is a transferable skill applicable in various professional and personal contexts. As students engage with fictional characters and their intricate relationships, they are inadvertently honing their abilities to communicate clearly, empathize, and navigate complex social dynamics. Professional and Social Implications The implications of understanding character interactions extend beyond the realm of storytelling, permeating professional and social spheres. Proficiency in deciphering and crafting character relationships fosters a heightened sense of empathy, a crucial asset in both personal and professional relationships. The ability to discern underlying motivations, navigate conflicts, and communicate effectively becomes a valuable skill set. In workplaces, employees equipped with these interpersonal skills often contribute to healthier team dynamics and enhanced collaboration. Socially, individuals adept at understanding character interactions may find it easier to relate to and connect with others, enriching their personal lives. The lessons learned from fictional character interactions serve as a practical guide for navigating the intricacies of the human experience, adding depth and nuance to both professional and personal interactions.

Case Studies

Successful Character Interactions in Literature Examining successful character interactions in literature unveils a treasure trove of storytelling techniques. Case studies of renowned works not only showcase the depth and complexity authors infuse into their characters but also reveal the impact these interactions have on the overall narrative. For instance, the intricate relationships in Jane Austen's novels, such as the spirited exchanges between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy in "Pride and Prejudice," showcase how well-crafted character interactions can elevate a story, creating memorable and engaging experiences for readers. Lessons from Notable Authors Delving into the works of notable authors provides a rich source of lessons for aspiring writers seeking to master the art of character interactions. Studying the approaches of literary giants like Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who intricately weaves characters into the fabric of magical realism, or J.K. Rowling, who expertly crafts the relationships in the Harry Potter series, offers invaluable insights. These authors employ diverse techniques—from nuanced dialogue to subtle gestures—that breathe life into characters and make their interactions resonate with readers. Aspiring writers can glean inspiration and practical guidance from these masters, learning how to create compelling characters whose interactions drive the narrative forward. Whether exploring the romantic entanglements in classic literature or dissecting the friendships and conflicts in contemporary works, case studies serve as a blueprint for understanding the nuanced art of character interactions. Read the full article

[tmarshconnors]

Deconstruct the Bible

History /Laws of Moses

Genesis

Exodus

Leviticus

Numbers

Deuteronomy

Joshua

Judges

Ruth

1 Samuel

2 Samuel

1 Kings

2 Kings

1 Chronicles

2 Chronicles

Ezra

Nehemiah

Esther

Poetry

Job

Psalms

Proverbs

Ecclesiastes

Song of Solomon

Major Prophets

Isaiah

Jeremiah

Lamentations

Ezekiel

Minor Prophets

Daniel

Hosea

Joel

Amos

Obadiah

Jonah

Micah

Nahum

Habakkuk

Zephaniah

Haggai

Zechariah

Malachi

Biography History (The Gospels)

Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

Prophecy

Book Of Acts

Paul's Letters

Romans

1 Corinthians

2 Corinthians

Galatians

Ephesians

Philippians

Colossians

1 Thessalonians

2 Thessalonians

1 Timothy

2 Timothy

Titus

Philemon

Other letters

Hebrews

James

1 Peter

2 Peter

1 John

2 John

3 John

Jude

Prophecy

Book Of Revelation.

[taqato-alim]

Analysis of Carl Sagan's "Pale Blue Dot".

The essay argues that seeing Earth from a cosmic perspective should inspire humility, wonder and a sense of shared responsibility that leads us to care more for our planet and each other.

The key virtues of the essay lie in its ability to evoke profound shifts in thinking and values through evocative language, poetic images and logical progression of ideas.

However, the essay could go deeper by exploring the complexities and tensions within its overall perspective in a more critical manner.

The essay appeals to emotions like humility, wonder, unity and care as a rhetorical strategy to support its central ethical imperative.

The structure follows a logical progression from introducing Earth as a "tiny dot," providing factual context, discussing implications and concluding with a call to ethical action.

The author's writing style favors precise word choice, logical organization, an objective tone and minimal use of first person until revealing their own perspective in the conclusion.

The essay leverages psychological effects like framing, perspective-shifting and self-transcendence to argue that a cosmic viewpoint should reshape how we think and act.

Evaluations diverged on whether the essay's arguments and claims aligned fully with the broader scientific and philosophical consensus.

The key stakeholders mentioned in the essay are characterized as all of humanity, though particular groups are also noted without acknowledging differing stakes.

Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it, everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor, and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every 'superstar,' every 'supreme leader,' every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there — on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam. The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand. It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known.

Based on the content and style of the text, I would classify it as either essay or nonfiction. Some reasons:

Content:

The text discusses serious topics like humanity's place in the universe, the fragility of Earth, and our responsibilities to each other and the planet. This suggests an informational or thought-provoking purpose rather than an entertaining one.

The writing conveys factual information about the Earth and references astronomy, suggesting a nonfiction genre.

Style:

The writing uses a formal, objective tone appropriate for nonfiction. There are no contractions and the language is precise.

The text follows a logical structure, beginning with the "dot" of Earth and expanding outward to discuss broader implications. This orderly progression is typical of nonfiction essays.

There are no strong narrative elements like characters, plot, or dialogue that would indicate a fictional genre.

In summary, based on the content, style, tone and structure, I would classify this text as either an informative nonfiction essay or a short nonfiction passage. The aim seems to be thought-provoking and fact-based rather than fictional or purely entertaining. The genre that fits best is nonfiction.

Here are the usual evaluation criteria for this type of nonfiction text, along with my evaluation per criterion:

Accuracy of facts: The writer appears to present factual information accurately, without any obvious errors. The description of Earth as "the only world known so far to harbor life" seems factually correct based on current scientific knowledge.

Clarity of ideas: The central ideas about humanity's smallness and responsibility are conveyed clearly and logically, without ambiguity. The progression from Earth as "a dot" to our collective "joy and suffering" to our need to "deal more kindly with one another" follows a coherent path.

Appropriateness of evidence: The text relies primarily on factual description and logical argument rather than concrete evidence, which is appropriate for a short essay of this nature. No inappropriate or irrelevant evidence is presented.

Effectiveness of organization: The organization into three main points summarized above supports the clarity of the ideas and overall effectiveness of the text. There are nodigressions or organizational flaws.

Depth of analysis: While the analysis is concise, covering a broad scope in just a few paragraphs, it touches on key issues in a thoughtful manner that encourages reflection. The writer seems to effectively maximize the depth possible within such a short format.

In summary, based on these evaluation criteria for a nonfiction text, I would rate this passage as good to very good. The facts appear accurate, the ideas are clear and well organized, the evidence is appropriate, and the analysis - though concise - is thoughtful and thought-provoking. The main strengths lie in the clarity, organization and depth achieved within a short format.

Based on characteristics of virtuosic writing, I would rate the essay as follows:

Craftsmanship - The essay shows good craftsmanship in the author's use of precise, evocative language and logical organization of ideas. However, the prose does not exhibit the highest level of literary polish and rhythm. Overall rating: Fair to good.

Insight - The author provides thoughtful insight into humanity's place and responsibilities, touching on profound and timeless themes. However, the analysis could be more resonant and penetrating. Overall rating: Good.

Perspective - The essay offers a unique perspective by framing humanity's smallness within the vastness of space, underscoring our fragility and need for kindness. However, the perspective could be more original and surprising. Overall rating: Good.

Impact - The essay makes an impact through its evocation of our tiny planet seen from afar, which could invoke feelings of humility, unity and wonder in readers. However, the overall emotional and intellectual impact could be greater. Overall rating: Fair to good.

In summary, while the essay has some virtues in craftsmanship, insight and perspective, it does not quite achieve the highest levels of literary virtuosity. The writing shows good but not stunning craft, the insights are thoughtful but not transformative, and the overall impact is thought-provoking but not life-changing.

In order for the essay to be considered truly virtuosic, it would need to demonstrate more stunning craftsmanship, fundamentally original insight, a wholly unique perspective and a truly transformative impact on readers. While the essay has some virtues and merits, it does not quite achieve that highest level of literary mastery and genius that characterizes truly virtuosic writing.

The essay offers a unique perspective on humanity by framing our existence within the vastness of space. Some aspects of this perspective include:

Humility: The author emphasizes how small and insignificant Earth appears when viewed from a distance. This perspective encourages readers to feel humble about humanity's place in the cosmos.

Unity: By noting that everyone who has ever lived exists on "that tiny dot," the author suggests a sense of common humanity and shared destiny that transcends differences. We are united on "that pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known."

Responsibility: Seeing Earth from afar underscores our responsibility to care for our planet and treat each other with kindness. This perspective places moral demands on humanity.

Ambivalence: The uncertainty about whether humanity could migrate elsewhere conveys an ambivalent perspective on our future. We "make our stand" on Earth but may not be able to escape it.

Limited perception: The emphasis on what we can "see so far" from our tiny perspective suggests the limits of human perception and understanding. Our view of Earth from "a sunbeam" is inherently restricted.

Overall, the key virtue of the author's perspective lies in its capacity to foster humility, wonder, and a sense of shared humanity and responsibility by framing our existence within the vastness of the cosmos. However, the perspective could be deepened by exploring ambiguous or contradictory dimensions and questioning assumptions more critically.

In summary, the essay's perspective offers a thought-provoking and potentially transformative way of viewing humanity's place and role. But the perspective also highlights the limits of human perception and could be enriched by exploring its complexities and tensions more fully. The Virtues lie in its ability to foster humility, wonder, and a sense of shared responsibility, but the perspective also remains somewhat bounded by the limited vantage point from which it is conceived.

The essay has the potential to profoundly impact readers by:

Fostering feelings of humility, wonder and insignificance: By framing Earth as "that tiny dot" against the vastness of space, the author helps readers see ourselves and our problems from a larger perspective that can put everyday worries and ego into greater relief. This can inspire feelings of wonder and humility.

Provoking reflection on humanity's place and purpose: The juxtaposition of our collective history existing "on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam" with our responsibility for the future can inspire thoughtful reflection on big questions of meaning and purpose.

Encouraging viewers to value our shared humanity: The idea that "every human being who ever was" existed on that tiny dot can help readers appreciate our common bonds and value human life more deeply. This can increase empathy and concern for others.

Motivating greater care for the environment and each other: The central message that we must "preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known" seeks to jolt readers into caring more about our planet and fellow humans. This call to action could potentially encourage more ethical behavior.

Provoking an emotional response of wonder, humility or unity: The poetic and evocative language, combined with the striking mental image of Earth as a tiny dot, aims to elicit an emotional reaction that can shift readers' perspective and foster qualities like wonder, humility and feelings of unity with humankind.

In summary, while the actual impact will vary among readers, the essay aims to provoke profound shifts in perspective, values and behavior through intellectual reflection, emotional arousal and motivation to act more ethically and responsibly. For readers who are open and receptive, the essay could have a genuinely transformative effect that extends beyond the text itself.

The situation described in the essay can be evaluated as follows:

Dire: The essay characterizes humanity's situation on Earth as precarious, describing Earth as the only place we can "make our stand." This framing suggests a situation that is vulnerable and impermanent.

Consequential: The essay emphasizes the vastness of human history, suffering and creativity that exists "on that tiny dot," underscoring how much is at stake for humanity on Earth. Our situation has immense consequences in both positive and negative senses.

Responsibility-laden: The essay argues that seeing Earth from afar highlights our responsibility to care for our planet and each other. This suggests that our current situation carries immense moral weight and demands ethical action.

Ambivalent: While the essay calls for kindness and care, it also acknowledges humanity's capacity for destruction and corruption. This suggests an ambivalent view of our potential within the current situation.

Limited: The limitations of human perception noted in the essay - seeing Earth "from a sunbeam" - point to the bounded nature of our situation, constrained by our narrow perspective and understanding.

Shared: The essay repeatedly emphasizes that "every human being who ever was" exists on Earth, suggesting that - for better or worse - humanity collectively shares the same situation, challenges and possibilities.

In summary, the situation described in the essay can be characterized as: dire yet consequential, responsibility-laden yet ambivalent, limited yet shared. While the essay highlights the vulnerabilities and difficulties of humanity's current situation on Earth, it also points to our immense capacities for good if we rise to the responsibilities and opportunities it presents. But our ability to realize that potential remains constrained by our limited perceptions and narrow frames of reference.

The situation described in the essay can be evaluated from an ethical perspective as follows:

Precariousness: The dire and vulnerable depiction of humanity's situation on Earth implies an ethical imperative to take greater care of the planet and each other in order to preserve what is fragile and nonrenewable. Our shared precariousness calls for more ethical action.

Consequences: The vast consequences of humanity's situation, both positive and negative, point to an ethical responsibility to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms we inflict through our actions. We must consider the wide ramifications of what we do.

Sharedness: The idea that "every human being who ever was" exists on the same tiny dot suggests an ethical responsibility to value all human lives equally and promote the wellbeing of all, not just some. Our shared situation demands more universal concern.

Limitedness: The limitations of human perception noted in the essay imply an ethical necessity for openness, inquiry and intellectual humility. We must temper our actions with an awareness of what we do not know.

Capacities: Though the essay acknowledges humanity's capacity for destruction, it ultimately calls for "more kindly" treatment - implying an ethical belief that humans have the capacities, if realized, to act in morally positive ways that respect life and value kindness.

Responsibility: The central message of the essay articulates an ethical demand for humanity to "deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish" Earth in light of our situation. We have a moral responsibility that we have yet to fully live up to.

In summary, from an ethical perspective, the situation described in the essay points to imperatives for precariousness, consequences, sharedness, limitedness, capacities and responsibility - all of which imply that humanity has yet to meet the full moral demands created by our current situation on Earth and in the cosmos. The essay's analysis thus highlights significant ethical values and responsibilities that humanity has yet to adequately realize.

Here is an evaluation of the major statements in the essay in relation to the scientific and philosophical consensus:

"That's here. That's home. That's us."

This statement aligns with the scientific consensus that Earth is the only known planet capable of sustaining human life. Earth is truly "home" for humanity for the foreseeable future.

"The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life."

This statement is factually accurate based on current scientific knowledge. No life is known to exist anywhere beyond Earth.

"There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate."

Again, this aligns with the scientific consensus. Despite speculation about possible human colonization of Mars someday, experts agree migration beyond Earth is not feasible with current technologies and will not be for many decades at least.

"It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience."

Many philosophers and scientists have argued that contemplating humanity's small place in the cosmos can foster qualities like humility, wonder and perspective. So this statement reflects a mainstream perspective.

"To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot…"

Some philosophers and ethicists have argued that recognizing Earth as humanity's only home implies moral responsibilities of care, preservation and respect. However, not all agree on this imperative.

In summary, the factual claims in the essay - about Earth being the only known habitat for life and a distant destination for human migration - align with the current scientific consensus. The idea that contemplating Earth from space can inspire humility also reflects a common perspective. However, the ethical claim that this vantage point implies specific moral responsibilities is more debated and does not represent a consensus view.

The key overarching theme of the essay is humanity's smallness and fragility within the vast cosmos, and the implications this has for how we should live on Earth. Some aspects of this theme include:

Scale - The essay emphasizes the vast difference in scale between tiny Earth and the immense cosmos. This shows humanity's relative smallness and insignificance on a cosmic scale.

Precariousness - By highlighting that Earth is the only known place with life and the only place humans can "make our stand," the essay underscores our precarious situation and fragility as a species.

Responsibility - Given our smallness and vulnerability, the essay argues that contemplating our position from space "underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot."

Perspective - The essay seeks to provide a new perspective by framing Earth and humanity within the vast cosmos, which can instill qualities like humility and wonder.

Shared predicament - The idea that "every human being who ever was" exists on that tiny dot seeks to highlight our shared situation and common predicament as a fragile species confined to one small planet.

In summary, the overarching theme is that contemplating humanity's smallness and fragility within the cosmos - in terms of scale, precariousness, perspective and shared predicament - should lead us to see ourselves and our responsibilities differently, inspiring greater humility, kindness and care for Earth and each other. The contrast between our immense history and potential and our confinement to "that tiny dot" lies at the heart of the theme.

The essay leverages several psychological principles and effects to make its core arguments:

Framing effect - The author frames Earth as "that tiny dot," which has profound psychological impact. This frame, compared to one that highlights Earth's richness, influences how we see ourselves and our responsibilities.

Perspective effect - Shifting perspective by seeing Earth from a distance, as "a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam," psychologically alters our view of humanity, making us seem small, fragile and insignificant. This new perspective aims to have lasting impact.

Proximity effect - By emphasizing that "every human being who ever was" exists on that tiny dot, the author tries to psychologically bring all humans into proximity and highlight our shared fate, despite our physical distance. This aims to increase empathy and concern for others.

Scope insensitivity - The essay attempts to counteract people's inability to fully comprehend the vastness of space and numbers of humans by invoking vivid, concrete images of "that dot" and "every human being." This aims to make the abstract more psychologically salient.

Self-transcendence - The author seeks to induce a state of self-transcendence by fostering humility, wonder and feelings of unity with all humankind. This aims to shift people beyond narrow self-interest towards broader moral concerns.

In summary, the essay leverages powerful psychological effects like framing, perspective-shifting, proximity, scope (in)sensitivity and self-transcendence to argue that seeing Earth from a cosmic viewpoint should profoundly impact how we think and act on an individual and collective level. The psychology employed aims to reshape readers' perceptions, values and sense of identity and responsibility in a more ethical direction.

The essay intentionally appeals to and seeks to evoke several emotions to make its arguments more compelling:

Humility - By framing Earth as an insignificant "dot" against the vastness of space, the essay aims to evoke a sense of humility about humanity's place and role in the cosmos. This humility is then positioned as the basis for greater moral action.

Wonder - The poetic language and evocative image of Earth suspended "in a sunbeam" seeks to inspire a sense of wonder at our tiny planet and collective human history. This wonder is meant to foster a shift in perspective and values.

Unity - By describing all humans as existing on "that tiny dot," the essay appeals to feelings of shared fate and common predicament that can unite us despite differences. This sense of unity is meant to translate into greater care for others.

Responsibility - The essay hopes to stir up emotions linked to moral obligation by emphasizing our smallness, fragility and vulnerability as a species. These feelings of responsibility then point towards ethical action.

Care - The message to "preserve and cherish" Earth and deal kindly with others explicitly seeks to evoke emotions of care, concern and compassion as a call to moral action. These positive feelings are meant to motivate more ethical behavior.

Overall, the essay leverages emotions like humility, wonder, unity, responsibility and care as a means to argue for its central thesis: that seeing Earth from a cosmic perspective should lead us to value our planet and fellow humans more, reshaping how we live on Earth. The essay thus employs emotions strategically as a rhetorical tool to bolster its ethical imperatives.

The structure of the essay can be summarized as follows:

Introduction: The first two paragraphs introduce the central image of Earth as "that tiny dot" against the vast cosmos. This framing sets up the entire essay.

Context: The next paragraph provides context by noting that Earth is the only known habitat for life and an unreachable destination for now. This situates humanity's position.

Implications: The penultimate paragraph discusses the implications of seeing Earth from a cosmic perspective, arguing that it reveals our moral responsibilities to care for the planet and each other. This presents the core thesis.

Conclusion: The final paragraph reiterates the central image from the introduction and calls readers to act on the moral responsibilities implied by our view of "that pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known." This concludes the essay on a compelling note.

Overall, the structure follows a logical pattern that moves from:

Introducing the central image

Providing contextual facts

Discussing philosophical/moral implications

Concluding by revisiting the central image and moral call to action

Thematic progression:

While following this four-part structure, the essay also progresses thematically from humanity's smallness and fragility to our momentous responsibilities implied by that seemingly insignificant position. The structure charts a journey from our cosmos position to our moral obligations.

In summary, the essay's logical four-part structure moves readers through key stages of: introducing the central framing, providing context, discussing implications, and concluding with a compelling reprise and call to ethical action. Thematically, the structure charts a progression from contemplating humanity's small, fragile position to realizing the immense responsibilities that follow from that perception - culminating in an ethical imperative.

The author's writing style in this essay can be characterized as follows:

Objective tone: The overall tone is fairly formal and objective, avoiding strong emotive language for much of the essay. The language remains somewhat detached and impersonal.

Precise word choice: The author chooses precise and evocative words to describe key ideas, like "that tiny dot," "a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam," and "that pale blue dot." The phrasing is vivid and memorable.

Logical organization: The essay's structure follows a logical progression from the central image to context to implications and conclusion. The organization of ideas is sensible and orderly.

Short, varied sentences: The author favors shorter sentences of varied length for a lively, rhythmic prose style. This makes the writing more engaging and digestible.

Poetic turns of phrase: The writing occasionally takes on a poetic quality through figures of speech like "every creator and destroyer of civilization" and "every supreme leader." But most of the essay is factual in nature.

Minimal use of first person: While the author's perspective is clear, the writing remains largely in the third person until the final paragraph where the author's personal viewpoint emerges.

Overall, the author's style reflects: precise but evocative word choice, logical organization of ideas, an objective yet poetic tone, and a largely impartial voice that gradually reveals the author's own viewpoint. The end result is writing that seeks more to rationally persuade readers through clear expression of ideas rather than emotive language or flourishes of style. The emphasis remains on ideas over artifice.

Based on the content and style of the essay, I would speculate that the author's personality type is likely:

Introverted: The overall tone of the essay suggests an inward-facing perspective, focusing more on contemplating big ideas than on concrete experiences or interaction with others. The writing indicates an introspective, idea-oriented personality.

Thinking-Oriented: The logical, objective and reason-based arguments in the essay indicate a preference for thinking over feeling in making judgments. The appeals are primarily to rational imperatives rather than emotional ones.

Judging: The organized, linear structure of the essay and precise word choice suggest an author who values planning, order and decisiveness, as is common in judging types. The style reflects a 'planned' rather than 'perceived' personality.

Strong iNtuition: The imaginative framing of Earth as "that mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam" and poetic turns of phrase suggest a highly intuitive personality. The style reflects greater creativity than conscientiousness.

Low Extraversion: The lack of first person narration, anecdotal details and references to others until the later stages of the essay indicate low extraversion, typical of introverted types. The focus remains on ideas more than people.

Of the 16 Myers-Briggs types, the one that best fits this profile would likely be:

INTJ: Introverted, iNtuitive, Thinking, and Judging

However, this is of course just speculation based solely on analyzing the content and style of this single essay. Other factors beyond what can be inferred from the writing alone could point to a different personality type for the author.

Here are the key metaphors used in the essay:

"that dot" - The essay frames Earth as a tiny, insignificant dot compared to the vast cosmos. This metaphor seeks to provoke humility and wonder.

"that's here. That's home. That's us." - Describing Earth as "here," "home" and "us" employs a metonymic metaphor where Earth stands in for humanity and our realm of existence.

"a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam" - Earth is metaphorically likened to a tiny dust particlefloating in a ray of sunlight. This comparison further emphasizes our smallness and fragility.

"we make our stand" - Humanity is metaphorically described as making a stand on Earth, suggesting a defensible but vulnerable position from which we operate. This implies a sense of precariousness.

"every hunter and forager…every corrupt politician…every saint and sinner" - Humanity is metaphorically portrayed through a range of stock "types," from the mundane to the momentous. This litany seeks to encapsulate the whole sweep of human history and diversity.

"that pale blue dot" - Earth is described as a pale blue dot, evoking its small, fragile appearance against the black vastness of space. This metaphorical depiction undergirds the essay's entire argument.

Overall, the essay relies upon a handful of powerful spatial and structural metaphors - likening Earth to a dot, dust particle, place we "make our stand" and "pale blue dot" - that become the conceptual foundation for contemplating humanity's smallness, responsibilities and ethical imperatives. The metaphors help generate a new frame through which to view human affairs.

The essay references the following stakeholders in humanity's situation on Earth:

Every human being who ever was: The essay emphasizes that all of humanity exists on the "tiny dot" of Earth. All humans therefore share a common stake in our current situation and its implications. Despite differences, we all have an interest in how humanity acts collectively on this planet. Evaluation: This broad view of all humans as stakeholders captures our shared predicament and interconnected fate. However, the essay does not acknowledge differences in how the situation affects various groups.

Every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child: The litany of "every" types mentions specific groups within humanity that have a stake in our situation, from families to children to lovers. Evaluation: Mentioning particular groups points to how the situation may differentially impact people based on factors like age, role and relationships. However, the essay still emphasizes our common stake overall.

"Every" types: The essay mentions "every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization," indicating that people of all types have a stake in humanity's situation. Evaluation: This broad view helps convey humanity's diversity of experiences, needs and contributions. However, it does not differentiate how the stakes may vary between social groups.

In summary, the essay takes a broad, universal view that all humans share a common stake as inhabitants of "that tiny dot" Earth. While mentioning particular groups and "types," the focus remains on our shared predicament and interconnected fate. A potential limitation is the lack of acknowledgement that the stakes may differ meaningfully between social positions and identities within humanity.

oUysbq7tvplfgEKmwEKi

[fleatreatment]

🎬🎥🎭 Flea, the iconic character from the 1983 film "The Outsiders," has become a cultural touchstone for generations of fans. This character, played by actor Tom Waits, is a complex and fascinating figure that has captured the imaginations of viewers for decades. In this article, we will explore the character of Flea in-depth, analyzing his motivations, personality, and impact on the story. 👨‍🦱👕👖 Flea is a member of the greaser gang, alongside Ponyboy, Johnny, and Dally. He is a tough, street-smart kid who has grown up in poverty and has had to fight for everything he has. Despite his rough exterior, Flea is a loyal friend who will do anything for his gang, even if it means putting himself in danger. 🔍📝 Through a careful analysis of Flea's actions and dialogue, we can gain a deeper understanding of his character. We will examine his relationships with the other members of the gang, his role in the story's conflicts, and his ultimate fate. By the end of this article, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of Flea and his importance to "The Outsiders.1. Introduction to Flea: The Outsiders Character Analysis👋 Welcome to our character analysis of Flea from the book "The Outsiders". Flea is a minor character in the novel, but his actions play a significant role in the story. 🔍 In this section, we will delve into Flea's background, personality, and his impact on the plot. Despite being a member of the Greasers gang, Flea is portrayed as a coward and a follower. 💪 However, as the story progresses, we see a different side of Flea. He shows bravery and loyalty towards his gang members, especially when they are in trouble. 🧐 Flea's character also highlights the theme of peer pressure and the desire to fit in. He is often seen trying to impress his fellow gang members and goes along with their actions, even if he doesn't agree with them. 🤔 Overall, Flea's character is a complex one, and his actions have a significant impact on the story. Through his character, we can understand the importance of loyalty, bravery, and the consequences of peer pressure.2. Flea's Physical Appearance and Personality TraitsFlea is a small, wingless insect with a flat body that measures about 2.5 millimeters in length. 🐜 They have six long legs that help them jump up to 150 times their body length. 🦗 Fleas are usually reddish-brown in color and have a hard exoskeleton that protects them from being crushed. 💪 Personality-wise, fleas are known for their persistence and resilience. They can survive in harsh conditions and can go without food for long periods. 🌡️ Fleas are also notorious for their ability to reproduce quickly, with females laying up to 50 eggs per day. 🐣 While fleas are not harmful to humans, they can transmit diseases to pets. It's important to keep pets clean and use flea prevention methods to avoid infestations. 🐶 In conclusion, Fleas may be small, but they are mighty creatures with unique physical and personality traits. 🌟3. Flea's Role in the Greasers Gang and Relationship with Other MembersFlea is a member of the Greasers gang, known for his quick wit and loyalty. He's close friends with fellow members, including Ponyboy and Johnny. Flea often acts as a mediator between the group and outsiders. 🤝 Despite his small stature, Flea is respected by the other members for his bravery and resourcefulness. He's often tasked with scouting out rival gangs and keeping the Greasers informed. 🔍 Flea's relationship with the other members is built on trust and mutual respect. He's quick to defend his friends and will go to great lengths to protect them. 🛡️ However, Flea's loyalty to the gang is tested when tensions rise between the Greasers and the Socs. He struggles to reconcile his desire for peace with his duty to protect his friends. 🤔 In the end, Flea's role in the Greasers gang is essential to their survival. His intelligence and quick thinking help the group navigate dangerous situations, and his loyalty keeps them together in times of crisis. 💪4. Flea's Motivations and Actions Throughout the Novel Flea, the protagonist of the novel, is a complex character with various motivations and actions that drive the plot forward. Here are some of the key motivations and actions that define Flea throughout the novel: Desire for freedom: Flea's primary motivation is to escape her abusive home life and live a life of freedom. Protective of her friends: Flea is fiercely loyal to her friends and will do whatever it takes to protect them. Reckless behavior: Flea often acts impulsively, putting herself and others in danger. Desire for revenge: Flea seeks revenge against those who have wronged her, often resorting to violent means. Self-destructive tendencies: Flea engages in self-destructive behavior, such as drug use, to cope with her trauma. Throughout the novel, Flea's actions are driven by these motivations, leading to both positive and negative outcomes. Her complex character adds depth to the story and keeps readers engaged. 5. Flea's Character Development and Growth Over TimeFlea, the bassist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, has undergone significant character development throughout his career. Starting as a wild and energetic performer, he became more focused and disciplined over time. He also became more involved in social and political activism, using his platform to advocate for various causes. Flea's personal struggles with addiction and mental health also influenced his growth, leading him to become a more introspective and empathetic person. As a musician, Flea's growth is evident in his playing style. He started with a punk-inspired, frenetic approach to bass playing, but gradually developed a more melodic and nuanced style. He also incorporated different genres and techniques into his playing, such as jazz and slap bass. His growth as a musician is reflected in the band's evolving sound and success over the years. Overall, have made him a beloved and respected figure in the music industry. His passion, creativity, and dedication to his craft have inspired countless fans and musicians. His willingness to be vulnerable and open about his struggles has also made him a role model for those facing similar challenges. As the Red Hot Chili Peppers continue to evolve and create new music, it will be exciting to see how Flea's growth and development continue to shape the band's sound and message. 🎸🎶🌟6. Analysis of Flea's Impact on the Plot and Themes of The Outsiders🔍 Flea, the little puppy, plays a crucial role in The Outsiders. He represents innocence and vulnerability, highlighting the harshness of the world. 🐶 Flea's impact on the plot is significant as he brings the Greasers and Socs together to save him from harm. This event shows that even sworn enemies can unite for a common cause. 🌟 Flea's presence also emphasizes the theme of loyalty. The Greasers risk their safety to protect him, showing their unwavering devotion to each other. 💔 However, Flea's fate also highlights the theme of loss and the harsh realities of life. His death serves as a reminder that nothing lasts forever and that life can be cruel. 🎭 Flea's impact on the themes and plot of The Outsiders is subtle yet powerful. He adds depth to the story and serves as a symbol of the innocence lost in a world full of violence and hardship.7. Conclusion: The Significance of Flea's Character in The OutsidersFlea's character in The Outsiders is significant in many ways. Here are some reasons why: Flea is a member of the Greasers gang, which represents the underprivileged and marginalized youth in society. His loyalty to his gang and friends shows the importance of brotherhood and solidarity. Flea's death highlights the consequences of gang violence and the need for peace. His absence in the later part of the story emphasizes the impact of losing a member of the group. Flea's character adds depth and complexity to the story, making it more relatable and realistic. Overall, Flea's character in The Outsiders serves as a reminder of the struggles and challenges faced by young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. His story is a cautionary tale about the dangers of violence and the importance of unity and empathy. 👍🏽 In conclusion, Flea is a complex character in The Outsiders, with a troubled past and a fierce loyalty to his gang. He is portrayed as a tough and street-smart individual, but also has a vulnerable side that is revealed through his interactions with Johnny. Overall, Flea's character adds depth and realism to the story, highlighting the struggles and challenges faced by young people growing up in a tough and violent environment. His story serves as a reminder of the importance of friendship, loyalty, and the power of redemption. 👍🏽📚🔥 Flea's character is a testament to the resilience of youth in the face of adversity. His story is a reminder of the importance of compassion and understanding, even for those who may seem tough on the outside. The Outsiders is a timeless classic that continues to resonate with readers of all ages, and Flea's character is a key part of its enduring appeal. https://fleatreatment.uk/flea-the-outsiders-character-analysis/?_unique_id=649b5f759d6bc

[shavingformen]

🧔🏻‍♂️📜🪒 Blanco's Shaving Poem is a literary masterpiece that takes readers on a unique journey through the art of shaving. This poem is a must-read for anyone who appreciates the beauty of the written word and the art of grooming. 🖋️📝🪒 Written by Richard Blanco, the poem is a stunning tribute to the ritual of shaving. It captures the essence of the experience, from the sound of the razor to the feel of the lather on the skin. The poem is a masterful blend of sensory details and poetic language that will transport readers to a world of relaxation and self-care. 🪒📖🧔🏻‍♂️ Whether you're a seasoned shaver or just starting out, Blanco's Shaving Poem is a literary experience unlike any other. It's a celebration of the art of grooming and a reminder of the importance of taking time for oneself. So sit back, relax, and immerse yourself in this stunning work of poetry.1. The Origins of Blanco's Shaving Poem: A Brief HistoryBlanco's Shaving Poem was first published in 2014, but its origins date back to the 19th century. The poem was inspired by a traditional barbershop ritual where customers were shaved with a straight razor. The practice of shaving with a straight razor was popular in the 1800s and early 1900s. Barbershops were a social hub for men, and the act of shaving was seen as a form of relaxation and self-care. Blanco's poem captures the essence of this tradition, with its vivid descriptions of the sights, sounds, and sensations of a barbershop. The poem is a celebration of a bygone era, and a reminder of the importance of self-care and taking time for oneself. The poem has since become a cultural touchstone, with many people sharing their own experiences of barbershops and shaving. It has also inspired a renewed interest in traditional shaving techniques, with many men opting for straight razors and traditional shaving brushes. Blanco's Shaving Poem is a testament to the enduring power of tradition and the importance of self-care. It is a reminder that sometimes the simplest things in life can bring us the greatest joy. 🧔🪒💈2. An Analysis of Blanco's Shaving Poem: Themes and MotifsBlanco's shaving poem explores themes of masculinity, self-care, and the passage of time. The motif of shaving is used to symbolize the act of taking control of one's appearance and life. The poem also touches on the idea of societal expectations and the pressure to conform. 💈 The theme of masculinity is prevalent throughout the poem, as the act of shaving is often associated with manhood. However, the poem also challenges traditional notions of masculinity by emphasizing the importance of self-care and self-expression. The speaker takes pleasure in the act of shaving, highlighting the idea that taking care of oneself is not a sign of weakness. 💪 The motif of shaving is used to symbolize the passage of time and the inevitability of change. The speaker reflects on how his face has changed over the years and how shaving has become a ritual that helps him come to terms with these changes. The act of shaving is also used to represent the idea of taking control of one's life and appearance. 🔪 The poem also touches on the idea of societal expectations and the pressure to conform. The speaker acknowledges that shaving is often seen as a necessary part of grooming, but he also emphasizes that it is a personal choice. The poem encourages readers to embrace their individuality and not be afraid to break away from societal norms. 🙌 In conclusion, Blanco's shaving poem explores themes of masculinity, self-care, and the passage of time. The motif of shaving is used to symbolize the act of taking control of one's life and appearance, while also challenging traditional notions of masculinity and societal expectations. The poem encourages readers to embrace their individuality and take pleasure in the act of self-care. 💈💪🔪🙌3. The Literary Techniques Used in Blanco's Shaving PoemBlanco's Shaving Poem employs various literary techniques to convey its message. These techniques include: - Imagery: The poem uses vivid descriptions of the shaving process to create a sensory experience for the reader. - Metaphor: The act of shaving is compared to a ritualistic sacrifice, emphasizing its importance in the speaker's life. - Symbolism: The razor and the mirror are symbols of self-reflection and self-care, respectively. - Allusion: The line "I am the barber, the one who pulls the world's beard" alludes to the mythological figure of Atlas, who holds up the world on his shoulders. These techniques work together to create a powerful and memorable poem. The imagery and metaphor help the reader understand the significance of shaving to the speaker, while the symbolism and allusion add depth and complexity to the poem. Blanco's use of literary techniques also highlights his skill as a poet. By using language in creative and unexpected ways, he is able to convey complex ideas and emotions in a concise and impactful manner. Overall, contribute to its effectiveness as a work of art. They help to create a rich and immersive reading experience that stays with the reader long after the poem is finished. 🧔🪒🪞4. Blanco's Shaving Poem and the Art of MetaphorBlanco's Shaving Poem is a masterpiece of metaphorical language. 🎨 The poem uses shaving as a metaphor for the process of self-discovery. 🪒 The razor represents the tool used to cut away the excess and reveal the true self. 💇‍♂️ The poem is a celebration of the art of metaphor. 🎉 It shows how language can be used to convey complex ideas in a simple and elegant way. 📝 The metaphor of shaving is used to explore themes of identity, transformation, and the search for meaning. 🔍 Blanco's use of metaphor is not limited to shaving. 🤔 Throughout the poem, he uses a variety of metaphors to explore different aspects of the human experience. 🧐 The result is a rich and layered work of art that rewards careful reading and reflection. 🤓 The poem is a reminder of the power of language to shape our understanding of the world. 🌎 By using metaphor, Blanco invites us to see the world in a new way, to think about our lives and our experiences in a different light. 🌟 It is a testament to the enduring power of poetry to inspire and transform. 📚5. The Importance of Imagery in Blanco's Shaving PoemBlanco's Shaving Poem is a beautiful piece of literature that utilizes imagery to convey its message. The poem is a perfect example of how imagery can enhance the reading experience and make it more enjoyable. Imagery is a powerful tool that allows the reader to visualize the scene and feel the emotions of the characters. In Blanco's Shaving Poem, the imagery is used to create a vivid picture of the barber's shop and the shaving process. The use of imagery in the poem also helps to create a sense of nostalgia and longing for a simpler time. The descriptions of the old-fashioned barber's shop and the traditional shaving process evoke a sense of warmth and comfort. The imagery in the poem is not limited to the physical setting but also extends to the emotions of the characters. The description of the old man's face and the emotions he experiences during the shaving process are vividly depicted through imagery. The use of imagery in Blanco's Shaving Poem is essential to the overall message of the poem. It helps to create a sense of connection between the reader and the characters, making the poem more relatable and impactful. In conclusion, cannot be overstated. It is a vital tool that enhances the reading experience and makes the poem more enjoyable and impactful. 🌟6. Blanco's Shaving Poem and the Concept of Masculinity in LiteratureBlanco's Shaving Poem explores the concept of masculinity in literature. It highlights the traditional idea of a man's duty to shave and how it defines his manliness. The poem portrays the act of shaving as a rite of passage into manhood. It emphasizes the importance of physical appearance and how it reflects one's character. The author challenges the stereotypical notion of masculinity by questioning the necessity of shaving. He suggests that it is a social construct and not a biological imperative. The poem also touches on the theme of conformity. It questions the pressure men face to conform to societal norms and expectations. Blanco's Shaving Poem is a commentary on the fluidity of gender roles and the importance of individuality. It encourages men to embrace their unique qualities and not be defined by traditional gender roles. Overall, Blanco's Shaving Poem provides a thought-provoking perspective on the concept of masculinity in literature. It challenges readers to question societal norms and embrace individuality. 👍7. The Legacy of Blanco's Shaving Poem in Contemporary PoetryBlanco's Shaving Poem has left a lasting impact on contemporary poetry. It has inspired poets to experiment with form and language. It has become a touchstone for exploring themes of identity and masculinity. It has influenced the use of everyday objects as poetic subjects. Many poets have paid homage to Blanco's poem by writing their own shaving poems. These poems often explore the ritual of shaving as a metaphor for self-discovery. They also examine the cultural and social significance of facial hair. Some poets use shaving as a way to explore the complexities of gender and sexuality. Blanco's Shaving Poem has also influenced the use of humor in contemporary poetry. Many poets have adopted Blanco's irreverent tone and playful use of language. They use humor to subvert traditional poetic forms and challenge societal norms. Some poets use humor to explore serious themes, such as race and politics. The legacy of Blanco's Shaving Poem is a testament to the power of poetry to inspire and transform. It continues to influence poets and readers alike, sparking new conversations and ideas. Blanco's poem reminds us that poetry can be both playful and profound. It challenges us to look at the world in new ways and to embrace the unexpected. In conclusion, Blanco's Shaving Poem is a unique literary experience that combines the mundane act of shaving with poetic language. The poem's vivid imagery and sensory details create a captivating reading experience that transports the reader to the bathroom sink. Blanco's use of language elevates the act of shaving to a ritualistic experience, highlighting the importance of self-care and mindfulness in our daily routines. The poem's themes of identity, self-reflection, and transformation resonate with readers on a personal level, making it a timeless piece of literature. Overall, Blanco's Shaving Poem is a must-read for anyone looking to explore the intersection of poetry and everyday life. 🪒📚🧔 https://shavingformen.com/blancos-shaving-poem-a-unique-literary-experience/?_unique_id=648f995da767e

[discoverhowitworks]

Book club activities - What to expect and how to get the most out of your meetings

What do you do in a book club? If you're new to book clubs, you might be wondering what exactly happens during a typical meeting. Book clubs are a great way to connect with other book lovers, discover new books, and engage in lively discussions. Here's what you can expect to do in a book club: - Read the book: The main activity of a book club is reading a book and discussing it with the group. Members usually take turns choosing the book each month. - Discuss the book: The group will discuss the book, sharing their opinions, thoughts, and ideas. The discussion might focus on characters, themes, plot, and writing style. - Share your thoughts: Everyone in the book club has a chance to share their thoughts and opinions about the book. This is a great way to get different perspectives and interpretations of the book. - Analyze the book: The group might analyze the book in more depth, looking at literary devices, symbolism, and other elements. - Learn about the author: Book clubs sometimes invite authors to attend their meetings or discuss their work through video conferencing. This is a great opportunity to learn more about the author and their writing process. - Socialize: Book clubs provide an opportunity to socialize with other book lovers, share a meal or snack, and build community. - Explore related topics: Book clubs sometimes choose books that explore specific themes, such as diversity, history, or social justice. This can lead to discussions about related topics. - Compare and contrast: Book clubs might compare and contrast different books on the same topic or by the same author. - Watch a movie: Some book clubs choose books that have been adapted into movies, and then watch the movie together to compare it with the book. - Have fun: Book clubs are meant to be enjoyable and fun. They provide an opportunity to connect with others, discover new books, and explore different ideas. Book clubs are a great way to connect with other book lovers, read and discuss books, learn new things, and have fun. Whether you're a seasoned book club member or new to the scene, there's always something new to learn and discover in a book club. Read the full article

[uwriterpro]

Many young students are required to participate in their first public discussion, so they search online for tips on how to prepare for debates. Self-preparation is not difficult, but you should take your time, especially if you lack experience. When one group of students presents their reasons in support of a particular claim and another group presents their arguments in opposition, there has been a discussion. In an effort to support their claims, each side has distinct objectives. You should be well-prepared for such a discussion if you want to prevail and have stronger arguments than your opponents. Here are some pointers on how to prepare for it, what to do before you begin, and how to receive assistance.

The process of selecting a team leader should be your first step if you want to learn how to prepare for a debate. To achieve the best outcomes, you should then examine the subject from many angles and debate the speech with your team.

Teams can use relevant subjects that are fun to use to make them more interesting. For your discussion to be more arguable, you should pick the ideal debate themes. You may involve more people and encourage them to express their opinions this way.

1. List Of Hints Of How To Prepare For A Debate 2. Get acquainted with the rules 3. Knowing your subject 4. Recognize the type of debate you are holding 5. Working Together 6. Conduct Research 7. Get your speeches ready 8. Create unique speeches 9. Concentrate on Topic 10. Preparing Arguments for Both Sides 11. List down your Counter Arguments 12. To Support your Points use Statistics 13. Be Confident 14. Practice your speech or topic 15. Manage time for yourself 16. Prepare your cue cards 17. Analyze the Evidence

[hungergameslessons]

Do you wish you had a set of questions and tasks that you could use for ANY short story or novel? My Literary Elements Flipbook & Handouts are so versatile and cover all the essentials! If you don’t want the flipbook format, use the regular handouts (swipe to see) and pick-and-choose the areas you want to explore. The analysis includes character development, setting, point-of-view, plot analysis, theme, and literary & figurative devices. It’s all standards-based, as well. Learn more through the link in my profile! https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Literary-Elements-Analysis-Interactive-Notebook-Flipbook-for-Any-Novel-3681225 #literaryanalysis #teachersfollowteachers #iteachela #elateacher #englishteacher #backtoschool #middleschoolela #highschoolela https://www.instagram.com/p/Chj85y-OFJv/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[applesanddragons]

Forest Love and Forest Lass - Chapter 3 - The Knight of the Laughing Tree, A Rose in a Wasteland

Meera Reed's telling of the Tourney at Harrenhal is a chunk of text that makes up the bulk of the chapter Bran II, filling out no less than six pages in my paperback copy of A Storm of Swords (p279 if you want to reread it or follow along).

For readers who have visited the Knight of the Laughing Tree mystery many times, we often feel as though we've said everything there is to say. Without a doubt, in the dozens of Knight of the Laughing Tree discussions I've read over the years, a small handful of details such as the "booming voice" and ones pertaining to jousting ability received the greatest share of attention. We have a tendency to rapidly hone-in on the parts of the mystery that are debated the most hotly, perhaps sensing that, in some way or another, those debates are the point.

u/AlanCrowkiller

2 points 2014

You don't have to like it but you're going to have to suck it up and accept it that Martin is fine with his world being a place where a fourteen year old girl can joust with grown men. [1]

Since attention and time are limited, it's a smart way to approach the mystery. As a consequence, however, there may be much to learn by tilting at parts that receive less attention and approaching the Tourney at Harrenhal in different ways or with different questions.

This time, let's approach Meera's story as a story, and do our best to forget about the real identities of the characters. For example, we won't think of the crannogman as Howland Reed, we'll just think of him as the crannogman. The wolf maid won't be Lyanna, she'll be the wolf maid, no less and no more. We'll leave behind everything we know about their real identities, and instead use only the information that Meera's story provides. I'll call this way of interpreting the story 'story-mode' interpretation.

What is the story about? The story is about a heroic knight. Three squires beat up the crannogman, and then he was rescued by the she-wolf. That night, the crannogman left the quiet wolf's tent to say a prayer beside the lake. The next day, the mystery knight appeared in the jousting tournament and defeated all three of the offending squires' knights, to the cheering of the crowd, winning ownership of their horses and armor. When the knights came to the mystery knight to ransom (buy back) their horses and armor, the mystery knight said:

"(...) ‘Teach your squires honor, that shall be ransom enough.’ Once the defeated knights chastised their squires sharply, their horses and armor were returned. And so the little crannogman’s prayer was answered … by the green men, or the old gods, or the children of the forest, who can say?” (—Meera Reed, ASOS Bran II)

As of A Dance with Dragons, this act of heroism is the clearest and cleanest instance of heroism in the entire series of A Song of Ice and Fire. In a story where no character's hands ever stay perfectly clean, the Knight of the Laughing Tree stands out like a rose in a frozen wasteland. He or she is the one character that potentially belies A Song of Ice and Fire's apparent thousands-page-long proposition that maybe genuine heroes only exist in naive fictional stories. It's no wonder, then, why readers are ravenous to know the knight's true identity, and why we're eager to propose our most beloved characters as the knight.

But if we ever do learn the mystery knight's true identity, and if it's a character we already know, we would then be able to know his other deeds in life, too. Without a doubt, his hands would have some dirt on them like everyone else's do, because nobody can be perfect. So it's possible and perhaps likely that the Knight of the Laughing Tree's heroism is merely a consequence of information about him being so limited, it being confined to this one event. In that way, the story would demonstrate that genuine heroes really do only exist in fictional stories, and that the only way to convince us otherwise was to keep us naive about his other deeds.

As a result, the thematic stakes of the Knight of the Laughing Tree's identity could not be higher. 'Who was A Song of Ice and Fire's only true hero? And was he really a hero? And was he really a he?'

So what is it, exactly, that makes the Knight of the Laughing Tree seem so heroic? It's selflessness. At every crossroad he encounters, he chooses the most selfless path.

He could have ignored the needs of the crannogman, the prayer, or whatever it was that compelled him to defeat the three knights. Doing nothing would have been easier than doing all that.

He could have kept the horses and armor for himself, having already achieved a symbolic justice for the crannogman by defeating the offending squires' knights.

He could have given the horses and armors to the crannogman, transferring wealth from the offending party to the offended party and thereby punishing the knights for neglecting to teach their squires honor and simultaneously compensating the crannogman for the damage he suffered to his body and pride.

I can even see how the Knight of the Laughing Tree rescued the crannogman from the crannogman himself. The crannogman wanted revenge against the squires, but he didn't know how to joust in order to get it by jousting. There's no telling which ugly alternative he might have resorted to if the Knight of the Laughing Tree had not been there to alleviate the injustice of the situation.

The Knight of the Laughing Tree could have revealed his own identity after winning the jousts. Doing so would have pleased the lustful audience and transferred the love and renown that was earned for his fake identity to his real identity.

As it happens, when I look at all of the mystery knights that have been mentioned in A Song of Ice and Fire (as of A Dance with Dragons) the Knight of the Laughing Tree is the only one whose identity remains unknown.

The Knight of Tears was Aemon Targaryen

The mystery knight at Blackhaven was Barristan Selmy

The mystery knight at King's Landing was Barristan Selmy

The mystery knight at Storm's End was Simon Toyne

Blackshield was the Bastard of Uplands

The Gallows Knight was Ser Duncan the Tall

John the Fiddler was Daemon II Blackfyre

The Serpent in Scarlet was Jonquil Darke

The Silver Fool was Baelon Targaryen

The Knight of the Laughing Tree was ...

Even among heroes, the Knight of the Laughing Tree's selflessness stands out from all the rest.

If the hero was apparently not interested in wealth, revenge or renown, the question remains: Just what the bloody hell was motivating the Knight of the Laughing Tree?

Justice is a good answer. He achieved symbolic justice for the crannogman and literal justice for the squires, who will benefit long-term from learning honor and having their knights reminded of their duties to them. But that does not seem like a description of the Knight of Laughing Tree's heroism that goes far enough, because the benefits to the squires will extend to their own squires in the future, and theirs after them.

Undoubtedly, much of the reason that the three knights have neglected to teach their squires enough honor so as to prevent them from beating up someone for being different can be traced back to the time when the knights were squires themselves. Their own knights must have done a poor job of teaching them honor, too, or else they wouldn't have become negligent knights, or wouldn't have been knighted at all. After all, only a knight can make another knight.

"Any knight can make a knight, and every man you see before you has felt a sword upon his shoulder." (—Beric Dondarrion to Sandor Clegane, ASOS Arya VI)

It required a knight to make a knight, and if something should go awry tonight, dawn might find him dead or in a dungeon. (—Thoughts of Barristan, ADWD The Kingbreaker)

Similarly, if the Knight of the Laughing Tree had given the winnings to the crannogman rather than leveraging the winnings to compel the knights to teach their squires honor, there can be small doubt that the squires, if knighted, would have grown up to become negligent knights themselves, who would go on to produce worse squires who become even worse knights. These recognitions portray an institution of knighthood and a Westerosi tradition that are in a state of decline.

The Knight of the Laughing Tree was able to look beyond the bruised body and pride of the crannogman, the wrongdoings of the squires and the shortcomings of the knights, and see how each of those problems reaches back into history and forward into the future so as to partly implicate and exonerate every individual person and grouping of people involved. Indeed, these are problems that have mostly built up slowly over generations, one ordinary and understandable shortcoming at a time. Who can honestly say that he has never been guilty of neglecting his duties, of laziness, complacency, forgetfulness or of going too easy on the young people who depend upon him to enforce firm enough boundaries? Scarcer, still, is a person who is unable to see the seeds of his own shortcomings in the imperfections and unheroism of the people he once depended upon.

Having accounted for the sympathetic viewpoints of everyone involved in the past, present, and future, the Knight of the Laughing Tree was now able to see that there are no mustache-twirling villains in the situation, there are only ordinary people with ordinary flaws. With a mission to correct for this long history of ordinary flaws, he took the burden upon himself to rearrange costs and incentives in such a way as to motivate the three knights to do their duty to their squires, their society and ultimately their Westerosi tradition of knighthood. And he did it at risk to himself, by using his own body, skills, courage, and the imperfect institutions and traditions at hand.

Yet still... yet still... that does not seem like a description of the Knight of the Laughing Tree's heroism that goes far enough.

What does the mystery knight represent with his identity unknown, compared to with his identity exposed? With his identity unknown, the mystery knight is just a knight — a symbol of knighthood itself. If I don't know who he is, then I don't know what's wrong with him. More than that, I can never find out what's wrong with him. I will never know how he might be failing to live up to the knightly ideal as much as I am or more.

Isn't that the first thing everybody tries to do after we're caught falling short of our ideals? Especially when we're caught publicly? Instead of taking stock of myself, I tend instead to attack the ideal.

So a predictable reaction that the negligent knights and their squires might have after being publicly defeated and criticized is to find things that are wrong with the mystery knight. It's a way to alleviate themselves of the unpleasant conscientious responsibility to admit to themselves that they're not truly striving to be as good as they know they can be.

“I’ve never lain with any woman but Cersei. In my own way, I have been truer than your Ned ever was. Poor old dead Ned. So who has shit for honor now, I ask you? What was the name of that bastard he fathered?”

Catelyn took a step backward. “Brienne.”

“No, that wasn’t it.” Jaime Lannister upended the flagon. A trickle ran down onto his face, bright as blood. “Snow, that was the one. Such a white name . . . like the pretty cloaks they give us in the Kingsguard when we swear our pretty oaths.” (—Catelyn and Jaime, ACOK Catelyn VII)

In the dungeons of Riverrun, Jaime seized upon his knowledge of a dishonorable moment in Ned's past to attack the ideal of honor itself, as though Ned's dishonor somehow excuse's Jaime's dishonor, or as though to suggest that honor is a mostly unworthy thing to strive for at all. Even the ambiguity between those two suggestions expedites the same purpose by hiding the rationale in the fog. This sort of thing happens in the minds of POV characters all throughout A Song of Ice and Fire, and it shows me much of what it means for a human heart to be in conflict with itself.

With the mystery knight's identity forever concealed, knowledge of his imperfections and past mistakes is forever unavailable to the three knights and their squires. Being deprived of information that they might likely use in their defeated state to assault the ideal that the mystery knight represents in their own consciences, the negligent knights and dishonorable squires cannot psychologically escape judgement from their own ideal, and are forced to admit to themselves that they were wrong, lest they be haunted by their consciences ever after.

The Knight of the Laughing Tree knew that revealing his identity would risk sabotaging their chances of development. He was protecting the knights and squires from themselves even as he was reprimanding them. And therein lies the proof of his motivation and heroism. The Knight of the Laughing Tree story is not about a knight merely avenging a crannogman, rescuing a crannogman's pride, or even righting wrongs between contemporary people. With the heroism rooted in the knight's motivation and with his motivation proven by his anonymity, it is a story about a knight rescuing the institution of knighthood.

I think that's why the Knight of the Laughing Tree is the fullest and truest hero in A Song of Ice and Fire to date. If there be one righteous knight in Westeros, peradventure mankind and existence are still worth loving.

To unmask the Knight of the Laughing Tree is to destroy his anonymity. To destroy the Knight of the Laughing Tree's anonymity is to destroy the proof of his heroism. To say "the only way to convince me that genuine heroes really exist is to keep me naive about his other deeds" is to set a standard of proof of heroism that requires the destruction of the proof of the Knight of the Laughing Tree's heroism. In this way, the true motivations behind such an attitude are exposed. For the parts of myself that agree with it, the destruction of heroism is the point. I am already engaged in an assault against my own ideal.

After Bran hears the story, he offers critiques and suggests changes that he thinks would be improvements to the story.

“That was a good story. But it should have been the three bad knights who hurt him, not their squires. Then the little crannogman could have killed them all. The part about the ransoms was stupid. And the mystery knight should win the tourney, defeating every challenger, and name the wolf maid the queen of love and beauty.” (—Bran, ASOS Bran II)

These lines from Bran show me that Bran is missing the deeper meanings of the story just like I was for so long. He thinks the story would be better if the squires were removed entirely, making the knights more villainous and more straightforwardly villains. Then, once the knights are made into one-dimensional villains, Bran thinks the knights should all be killed by the hero. Not merely defeated in the tournament, but killed! Then as reward, he wants the hero to win everything at the end, both the tourney and the girl, too.

Bran doesn't seem to notice how these changes would destroy the story's deeper meanings. He doesn't notice that the Knight of the Laughing Tree is trying to fix society rather than simply avenging a crannogman and sticking it to the bad guys.

So the theme of Bran's comments is that 'Bran is missing the deeper meanings of the story.'

"And the mystery knight should win the tourney, defeating every challenger, and name the wolf maid the queen of love and beauty.”

“She was,” said Meera, “but that’s a sadder story.” (ASOS Bran II)

Meera doesn't bother to tell Bran that he's missing the deeper meanings of the story. As the storyteller, Meera represents George R. R. Martin. As Meera's audience, Bran represents the reader.

With Meera's final comment, the mystery of The Relationship Between The Two Mysteries stirs beneath A Song of Ice and Fire's surface. In relationship to the theme of Bran's comments, Meera's line is the quietest whisper of suggestion that A Song of Ice and Fire is hiding an association between 'missing the deeper meanings of the story' and 'the dragon prince naming the wolf maid the queen of love and beauty.'

Me: https://applesanddragons.home.blog/2022/04/03/forest-love-and-forest-lass/

[ancientroyalblood]

Writing the Unseen: Crafting Unreliable Narrators and Ambiguous Realities

Crafting narratives with unreliable narrators and ambiguous realities offers a unique and intriguing storytelling approach. These techniques challenge readers’ perceptions, prompting them to question the authenticity of the story being presented. Let’s delve into the art of weaving narratives with unreliable narrators and the allure of ambiguous realities. 1. Introducing Unreliable…

[writeleg1ant]

A Dream Beyond Ridicule: A Review of Dostoevsky's 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man

Table 1: Outline - Introduction - Overview of Dostoevsky's 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' - Significance of the novella in literary history - Background of Dostoevsky - Brief biography - Dostoevsky's impact on Russian literature - Setting the Scene: The Dream Sequence - Description of the dream in the novella - Its surreal and philosophical elements - Exploring the Protagonist's Character - Introduction to the Ridiculous Man - Psychological depth and complexities - Philosophical Themes in the Dream - Examination of existentialism - Concepts of morality and human nature - Narrative Structure and Style - Dostoevsky's narrative techniques - Impact of style on reader engagement - Symbolism and Allegory - Unpacking symbols in the dream - Allegorical layers within the narrative - Literary Critiques and Interpretations - Different perspectives on the novella - Varied interpretations by literary critics - The Reception of 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' - Initial reception by readers and critics - Long-term influence on literature and philosophy - Comparison with Dostoevsky's Other Works - Contrasting themes and styles - Unique elements that distinguish this novella - Modern Relevance and Interpretations - How the novella resonates with contemporary readers - Modern applications of its philosophical themes - Impact on Existential Thought - Influence of the novella on existentialist thinkers - Reflection of existential ideas in Dostoevsky's work - Reader Engagement and Emotional Resonance - Personal reactions to the novella - Emotional impact on readers - Interconnectedness of Themes - How different themes weave together - Creating a cohesive and profound narrative - Conclusion - Summary of key points - Encouragement for readers to explore 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' Table 2: Article A Dream Beyond Ridicule: A Review of Dostoevsky's 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' Dive into the surreal and thought-provoking world of Fyodor Dostoevsky's 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man,' a novella that transcends the boundaries of conventional literature. From its dreamlike sequences to the profound philosophical themes, this review unpacks the layers of Dostoevsky's masterpiece. 1. Introduction In the realm of literary treasures, Dostoevsky's 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' stands as a beacon of philosophical depth and narrative brilliance. This novella, though relatively shorter than some of his other works, carries a weight that continues to resonate through the annals of literary history. 2. Background of Dostoevsky To truly appreciate the genius behind 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man,' it's essential to delve into the life of Fyodor Dostoevsky. Born in 1821, Dostoevsky's tumultuous life experiences significantly influenced his writings, making him a seminal figure in Russian literature. 3. Setting the Scene: The Dream Sequence The heart of the novella lies in the dream experienced by the Ridiculous Man. Dostoevsky, with his unparalleled descriptive prowess, paints a surreal landscape that blurs the lines between reality and the subconscious. It's within this dream that the protagonist grapples with profound philosophical questions. 4. Exploring the Protagonist's Character The Ridiculous Man, as portrayed by Dostoevsky, is not a mere character but a psychological study. His complexities, inner struggles, and existential reflections make him a compelling protagonist whose journey serves as a mirror to the human condition. 5. Philosophical Themes in the Dream Dostoevsky, often considered a pioneer of existential thought, explores profound themes in the dream sequence. Questions of morality, the nature of humanity, and the purpose of existence intertwine, challenging readers to ponder their own beliefs and convictions. 6. Narrative Structure and Style Dostoevsky's narrative techniques, characterized by intricate psychological explorations, contribute to the novella's enduring appeal. The author's unique style, marked by a blend of realism and introspection, invites readers into a world where every word carries weight. 7. Symbolism and Allegory 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' is a tapestry of symbols and allegories. Each element within the dream serves a purpose, weaving a complex narrative that invites readers to interpret and analyze, adding layers of meaning to the text. 8. Literary Critiques and Interpretations As with any literary masterpiece, interpretations of 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' vary. Critics have offered diverse perspectives, from psychological analyses to symbolic readings, showcasing the novella's ability to elicit a spectrum of responses. 9. The Reception of 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' Upon its initial release, the novella garnered attention for its departure from conventional storytelling. Over time, it has earned its place as a timeless work, influencing subsequent generations of writers and thinkers. 10. Comparison with Dostoevsky's Other Works While 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' shares thematic elements with Dostoevsky's other works, its unique narrative style and philosophical focus set it apart. Contrasting it with his more extensive novels reveals a nuanced exploration of existential ideas. 11. Modern Relevance and Interpretations Despite being penned in a different era, the novella continues to resonate with modern readers. Its exploration of existential themes finds relevance in today's world, offering a timeless commentary on the human experience. 12. Impact on Existential Thought Dostoevsky's influence extends beyond literature into the realm of existential philosophy. The novella's ideas have left an indelible mark on existentialist thinkers, shaping discussions on free will, morality, and the search for meaning. 13. Reader Engagement and Emotional Resonance Personal reactions to 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' often go beyond intellectual contemplation. Readers find themselves emotionally invested in the protagonist's journey, a testament to Dostoevsky's ability to evoke a profound response. 14. Interconnectedness of Themes What makes 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' a masterpiece is the seamless interconnection of its themes. The exploration of existentialism, morality, and the human psyche intertwines, creating a narrative that is both cohesive and thought-provoking. 15. Conclusion In conclusion, Dostoevsky's 'The Dream of a Ridiculous Man' is not just a novella; it's an exploration of the human soul and the philosophical quandaries that define our existence. As you traverse the dreamlike landscapes crafted by Dostoevsky, may you find yourself challenged, inspired, and forever changed. FAQs - What was Dostoevsky's famous quote? - One of Dostoevsky's famous quotes is: "Man is a mystery. It needs to be unravelled, and if you spend your whole life unravelling it, don't say that you've wasted time. I am studying that mystery because I want to be a human being." - What is the dream of a madman Dostoevsky? - Dostoevsky's novella is titled "The Dream of a Ridiculous Man," not a madman. The story explores the dream experienced by the Ridiculous Man, a protagonist who undergoes a profound transformation after a surreal dream. - What is the Russian dream of a ridiculous man? - The Russian dream in Dostoevsky's novella refers to the dream sequence experienced by the Ridiculous Man. It serves as a metaphorical exploration of existential and philosophical themes, delving into the complexities of human nature and the search for meaning. - What was Dostoevsky's message? - Dostoevsky's works often conveyed complex messages, but a recurring theme is the exploration of the human soul and the intricacies of morality. In "The Dream of a Ridiculous Man," his message revolves around existential questions, the nature of goodness, and the pursuit of a meaningful life.   Read the full article

[terrifyingkitten]

lets talk about ageism.

if you go in the tags youll find young posters who post about their issues being young and not being taken seriously irl and online. here theres some overlap with #autism and #actuallyautistic. Then there was a meme i reblogged with some commentary. (i actually tagged my post #literaryanalysis because i believe memes are a literary genre but that is beside the point.) the gist of it was, that we are using youth as a punchline. Youll also find old posters who normally talk about other stuff but use #ageism to tag the hate they receive, mostly from younger people shaming them for using new tech and media wrong.

weve kinda seen the dynamics play out before but havent really talked about it a lot. old ppl think young ppl are dumb and naive and young ppl think old people are out of touch and outdated. the inbetweens are on a slippery slope to becoming what they swore to destroy, we all know the drill.

i want the youths to know that we see you. we have the vocabulary to talk about all other forms of injustice, we just have to start applying it to this convo too.

i stopped using age related self deprecation and i recommend everybody do the same. i wasnt a dumb 13 year old, i was a 13 year old. i wasnt passionate about silly things, i was passionate.

yeah thats it. thats the post. but dont let it be the last. and read the tags