#PhysicsCommunity

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What are Ghost Particles and Why They Matter

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Exploring Quantum Mechanics: Solving Problem 2.8 - Particle in a Box

Hey, Tumblr fam! Today, we're diving into the world of quantum mechanics by exploring Problem 2.8 from D.J. Griffiths' "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics." Our focus is on the classic Particle in a Box model—a foundational concept in quantum physics that showcases the weird and wonderful world of the quantum realm.

In this post, we'll break down the problem, starting with the setup and moving on to solving the Schrödinger equation for a particle confined in a one-dimensional box. From there, we'll explore the fascinating quantization of energy levels and wavefunctions.

We'll also discuss how boundary conditions play a key role in shaping the particle's behavior within the box. This problem serves as a window into the vast and complex world of quantum mechanics, and there's so much to learn!

So, whether you're studying physics, interested in science, or just curious about the mysteries of the universe, join me on this adventure into the quantum world. Feel free to share your thoughts and questions in the comments!

Happy exploring! 🌟

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Atomic GPS | Atomic Movies Reveal Hidden Phases

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQv9QByS3c0 Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a groundbreaking technique to create "atomic movies" that capture the transition of quantum materials from insulators to metals. This revolutionary discovery has revealed a new material phase and opens up new possibilities for material design, with significant implications for technology, computing, and energy storage. Dive into the world of ultrafast pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and explore how this advancement is pushing the boundaries of material science. Source: Brookhaven National Laboratory. #materialsscience #quantumphysics #physicscommunity Atomic movies revealing hidden phases Atomic GPS technology explained Quantum material phase transition Hidden phases in atomic movies New material phase discovery Atomic pair distribution function analysis Ultrasonic PDF technique Metal-insulator transition observed Atomic movement in quantum materials Discovering new material phases Atomic rearrangement movies X-ray free-electron laser applications Breakthroughs in material science How atoms transition in quantum materials Atomic GPS: A new scientific discovery Insulator to metal phase transition Exploring hidden material phases Atomic GPS: Understanding material transitions Quantum material research breakthrough Discovering transient states in materials New phase in quantum materials Atomic movies of material transitions Advances in material science with atomic movies Atomic GPS and material phase discovery Quantum material transitions explained Hidden material phases unveiled Atomic PDF analysis at XFEL facilities Observing atomic movement with X-ray lasers How atomic movies are made New phases in quantum materials Atomic GPS: A breakthrough in material science Hidden phases in quantum materials Atomic GPS technology in material science Discovering transient states in quantum materials Atomic movement in new material phases X-ray laser and atomic movement Hidden quantum material phases discovered Understanding atomic rearrangement in materials Atomic GPS: How it works Ultrasonic PDF and hidden material phases New material phases in atomic movies Observing material transitions with atomic movies Atomic GPS and quantum material phases Discovering hidden states in materials Atomic movies: A new look at materials Breakthroughs in quantum material science Understanding quantum material transitions New insights into material science Atomic GPS: Revolutionary discovery Observing atomic changes with X-ray lasers Discovering new quantum material phases Atomic movies and material transitions Advances in atomic PDF analysis X-ray lasers and atomic GPS Quantum material science breakthroughs Atomic rearrangement in quantum materials Observing hidden material phases Atomic GPS and phase transitions New findings in quantum material research Atomic movies: Unveiling hidden phases How X-ray lasers reveal material phases Discovering new states in quantum materials Atomic movies of quantum materials Understanding hidden material states Atomic GPS: New material phases discovered X-ray laser and quantum material discovery Breakthrough in material phase research Atomic PDF and quantum material phases New discoveries in quantum material phases Atomic GPS: Hidden phases in materials via Trend Storm https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF1F2JAMftAe2z2hl32FXmQ August 24, 2024 at 05:30PM

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Physics research is a broad and dynamic field that seeks to understand the fundamental principles governing the universe, from the smallest subatomic particles to the largest cosmic structures. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including theoretical physics, which focuses on developing models and frameworks to explain physical phenomena, and experimental physics, which tests these theories through precise measurements and observations. #physicsresearch #theoreticalphysics #experimentalphysics #quantumphysics #astrophysics #particlephysics #CondensedMatter #nuclearphysics #plasmaphysics #statisticalphysics #biophysics #OpticsAndPhotonics #highenergyphysics #relativitytheory #quantummechanics #quantummechanics #ComputationalPhysics #MaterialsPhysics #atomicphysics #MolecularPhysics #cosmology #stringtheory #quantumfieldtheory #PhysicsInnovation #physicsexperiments #Nanophysics #PhysicsDiscoveries #physicseducation #appliedphysics #physicscommunity Contact For Enquiries: physics@scifat.com Get Connected Here ---------------------- ---------------------- Instagram: www.instagram.com/amophysicsawards/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100092029748922 twitter: twitter.com/home pinterest: in.pinterest.com/physicsresearch2000/ blogger: www.blogger.com/u/5/blog/posts/4758468583908890312?pli=1

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Creation of black holes without singularities through pure gravity

We plot the metric function f(r) for various Quasi-topological black holes with αn = αn−1 and α = 0.03, m = 1 in D = 5. The red line represents the Schwarzschild black hole. The increasingly darker blue curves correspond to the solutions with nmax = 2,3,5,7, and the regular Hayward-like black hole, which includes the infinite tower of higher-curvature corrections, is shown in black. The inset plot represents (in a log-log scale) the Kretschmann invariant of the solutions. All solutions have a curvature singularity at the origin with the exception of the Hayward-like one, which tends to a constant value there.

Date: February 13, 2025 Source: University of Barcelona Summary: Traditional black holes, as predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of General Relativity, contain what are known as singularities, i.e. points where the laws of physics break down. Identifying how singularities are resolved in the context of quantum gravity is one of the fundamental problems in theoretical physics. Now, a team of experts has described the creation of regular black holes from gravitational effects and without the need for the existence of exotic matter required by some previous models.

Traditional black holes, as predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of General Relativity, contain what are known as singularities, i.e. points where the laws of physics break down. Identifying how singularities are resolved in the context of quantum gravity is one of the fundamental problems in theoretical physics. Now, a team of experts from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) has described for the first time the creation of regular black holes from gravitational effects and without the need for the existence of exotic matter required by some previous models.

This discovery, published in the journal Physics Letters B, opens up new prospects for improving our understanding of the quantum nature of gravity and the true structure of space-time.

Black holes without singularities

The term exotic matter refers to a type of matter that has unusual properties not found in ordinary matter. It often has a negative energy density, creates repulsive gravitational effects, and can violate certain energy conditions in general relativity. Exotic matter is largely theoretical and has not been observed in nature, but is used in models to explore concepts such as wormholes, faster-than-light travel and the resolution of black hole singularities.

The new study mathematically demonstrates that an infinite series of higher-order gravitational corrections can eliminate these singularities and result in so-called regular black holes.

Unlike previous models, which required exotic matter, this new study reveals that pure gravity -- without additional matter fields -- can generate regular black holes without singularities.

This discovery represents a significant departure from previous theories and simplifies the conditions necessary for regular black holes.

"The beauty of our construction is that it is based only on modifications of the Einstein equations predicted naturally by quantum gravity. No other components are needed," says researcher Pablo A. Cano, from the Department of Quantum Physics and Astrophysics at the Faculty of Physics and ICCUB.

The theories deployed by the ICCUB team are applicable to any dimension of space-time greater than or equal to five. "The reason for considering higher space-time dimensions is purely technical," says Cano, "as it allows us to reduce the mathematical complexity of the problem." However, the researchers say that "the same conclusions should apply to our four-dimensional space-time."

"Most scientists agree that the singularities of general relativity must ultimately be resolved, although we know very little about how this process might be achieved. Our work provides the first mechanism to achieve this in a robust way, albeit under certain symmetry assumptions," explains Robie Hennigar (UB and ICCUB). "It is not yet clear how nature prevents the formation of singularities in the universe, but we hope that our model will help us to gain a better understanding of this process," says the expert.

Exploring discoveries in astrophysical scenarios

The study also explores the thermodynamic properties of these regular black holes and reveals that they comply with the first law of thermodynamics. The theories developed provide a robust framework for understanding the thermodynamics of black holes in a completely universal and unambiguous way. This consistency adds credibility and potential applicability to the findings.

The researchers plan to extend their work to four-dimensional space-time and explore the implications of their findings in various astrophysical scenarios. They also aim to investigate the stability and possible observational signatures of these regular black holes.

"These theories not only predict singularity-free black holes, but also allow us to understand how these objects form and what is the fate of matter falling into a black hole. We are already working on these questions and expect to find really exciting results," concludes Cano. 

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(via Quantum Physics for Beginners: discover the secrets of quantum physics in a simple and comprehensive way: Smith, Roger: 9798580521725: Amazon.com: Books)

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Time doesn’t actually exist

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The 10 Greatest Physicists

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Evidence of a new phenomenon: Quantum tornadoes in momentum space

Date: March 10, 2025 Source: University of Würzburg Summary: Researchers have experimentally demonstrated a quantum tornado. Electrons form vortices in the momentum space of the quantum semi-metal tantalum arsenide.

A team of researchers from Würzburg has for the first time experimentally demonstrated a quantum tornado. Electrons form vortices in the momentum space of the quantum semi-metal tantalum arsenide.

Scientists have long known that electrons can form vortices in quantum materials. What's new is the proof that these tiny particles create tornado-like structures in momentum space -- a finding that has now been confirmed experimentally. This achievement was led by Dr. Maximilian Ünzelmann, a group leader at ct.qmat -- Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter -- at the Universities of Würzburg and Dresden. Demonstrating this quantum phenomenon marks a major milestone in quantum materials research. The team hopes that the vortex-like behavior of electrons in momentum space could pave the way for new quantum technologies, such as orbitronics, which would use electrons' orbital torque to transmit information in electronic components instead of relying on electrical charge, potentially slashing energy losses.

Momentum Space vs. Position Space

Momentum space is a fundamental concept in physics that describes electron motion in terms of energy and direction, rather than their exact physical position. Position space (its "counterpart") is the realm where familiar phenomena like water vortices or hurricanes occur. Until now, even quantum vortices in materials had only been observed in position space. A few years ago, another ct.qmat research team made waves worldwide when they captured the first-ever three-dimensional image of a vortex-like magnetic field in a quantum material's position space.

Theory Confirmed

Eight years ago, Roderich Moessner theorized that a quantum tornado could also form in momentum space. At the time, the Dresden-based ct.qmat co-founder described the phenomenon as a "smoke ring" because, like smoke rings, it consists of vortices. However, until now, no one knew how to measure them. The breakthrough experiments revealed that the quantum vortex is created by orbital angular momentum -- electrons' circular motion around atomic nuclei. "When we first saw signs that the predicted quantum vortices actually existed and could be measured, we immediately reached out to our Dresden colleague and launched a joint project," recalls Ünzelmann.

Quantum Tornado Discovered by Refining a Standard Method

To detect the quantum tornado in momentum space, the Würzburg team enhanced a well-known technique called ARPES (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy). "ARPES is a fundamental tool in experimental solid-state physics. It involves shining light on a material sample, extracting electrons, and measuring their energy and exit angle. This gives us a direct look at a material's electronic structure in momentum space," explains Ünzelmann. "By cleverly adapting this method, we were able to measure orbital angular momentum. I've been working with this approach since my dissertation."

ARPES is rooted in the photoelectric effect, first described by Albert Einstein and taught in high school physics. Ünzelmann had already refined the method in 2021, gaining international recognition for detecting orbital monopoles in tantalum arsenide. Now, by integrating a form of quantum tomography, the team has taken the technique a step further to detect the quantum tornado -- another major milestone. "We analyzed the sample layer by layer, similar to how medical tomography works. By stitching together individual images, we were able to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the orbital angular momentum and confirm that electrons form vortices in momentum space," Ünzelmann explains.

Würzburg-Dresden Network: A Global Collaboration

"The experimental detection of the quantum tornado is a testament to ct.qmat's team spirit," says Matthias Vojta, Professor of Theoretical Solid-State Physics at TU Dresden and ct.qmat's Dresden spokesperson. "With our strong physics hubs in Würzburg and Dresden, we seamlessly integrate theory and experiment. Additionally, our network fosters teamwork between leading experts and early-career scientists -- an approach that fuels our research into topological quantum materials. And, of course, almost every physics project today is a global effort -- this one included."

The tantalum arsenide sample was grown in the US and analyzed at PETRA III, a major international research facility at the German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg. A scientist from China contributed to the theoretical modeling, while a researcher from Norway played a key role in the experiments.

Looking ahead, the ct.qmat team is exploring whether tantalum arsenide could be used in the future to develop orbital quantum components.

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Mysterious phenomenon at center of galaxy could reveal new kind of dark matter

Date: March 10, 2025 Source: King's College London Summary: A mysterious phenomenon at the center of our galaxy could be the result of a different type of dark matter.

Dark matter, the mysterious form of unobserved matter which could make up 85% of the mass of the known universe, is one of science's biggest manhunts.

In this first of its kind study, scientists have taken a step closer to understanding the elusive mystery matter. They believe a reimagined candidate for dark matter could be behind unexplained chemical reactions taking place in the Milky Way.

Dr Shyam Balaji, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at King's College London and one of the lead authors of the study explains, "At the centre of our galaxy sit huge clouds of positively charged hydrogen, a mystery to scientists for decades because normally the gas is neutral. So, what is supplying enough energy to knock the negatively charged electrons out of them?

"The energy signatures radiating from this part of our Galaxy suggest that there is a constant, roiling source of energy doing just that, and our data says it might come from a much lighter form of dark matter than current models consider."

The most established theory for dark matter is that it is likely a group of particles known as 'Weakly Interacting Massive Particles' (WIMPs), which pass through regular matter without much interaction -- making them extremely hard to detect.

However, this study, published today in Physical Review Letters, has potentially revived another type of dark matter with much, lower mass than a WIMP.

The researchers think that these tiny dark matter particles are crashing into each other and producing new charged particles in a process called 'annihilation'. These newly produced charged particles can subsequently ionise the hydrogen gas.

Previous attempts to explain this ionisation process had relied on cosmic rays, fast and energetic particles that travel throughout the universe. However, this explanation has faced some difficulties, as energy signatures recorded from observations of the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) where this is happening, don't seem to be large enough to be attributed to cosmic rays. Such a process doesn't seem to be possible with WIMPs either.

The research team were left with the explanation that the energy source causing the annihilation is slower than a cosmic ray and less massive than a WIMP.

Dr Balaji said "The search for dark matter is science's biggest manhunt, but a lot of experiments are based on Earth. By using gas at the CMZ for a different kind of observation, we can get straight to the source. The data is telling us that dark matter could potentially be a lot lighter than we thought."

"The search for dark matter is one of fundamental science's most important objectives, but a lot of experiments are based on Earth, waiting with hands outstretched for the dark matter to come to them. By peering into the centre of our Milky Way, the Hydrogen gas in the CMZ is suggesting that we may be closer to identifying evidence on the possible nature of dark matter."

This finding may simultaneously explain wider mysteries of our Galaxy, such as a specific type of X-ray observation found at the centre of the Milky Way -- known as the '511-keV emission line'. This specific energy signature could also be due to the same low-mass dark matter colliding and producing charged particles.

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Quantum Touch