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#Polytonic Music
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There is no beauty in Music itself, the beauty is within the listener.
- Igor Stravinsky
“The idea of The Rite of Spring came to me while I was still composing Firebird,” Igor Stravinsky recalled, 45 years after the ballet’s first performance in 1913, in his book Conversations. “I had dreamed of a scene of pagan ritual in which a chosen sacrificial virgin danced herself to death.” If Stravinsky is to be believed, this dream marked the beginning of a process that culminated in the premiere of one of the 20th century’s most important musical works.
Stravinsky’s music was meant to capture the spirit of the scenario, which he had outlined with the help of painter and ethnographer Nikolai Roerich and dancer and choreographer Mikhail Fokine during the spring and summer of 1910. Roerich had filled Stravinsky’s head with tales about all sorts of rituals from ancient Russia – divinations, sacrifices, dances, and so on – involving a variety of characters. The ballet that resulted revolves around the return of spring and the renewal of the earth through the sacrifice of a virgin. In his handwritten version of the story, Stravinsky described The Rite as “a musical choreographic work. It represents pagan Russia and is unified by a single idea: the mystery and the great surge of the creative power of spring….”
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Stravinsky completed the score on 29 March 1913, and exactly two months later, the ballet premiered in Paris at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, where it caused the famous scandal that ushered in modern music. Nijinsky’s choreography and the wild, unchecked power of Stravinsky’s score were something wholly new. Stravinsky wrote for one of his largest orchestras ever in The Rite of Spring, and he used it with an assurance and confidence one would hardly expect from a composer just out of his twenties and with only two big successes - The Firebird and Petrushka - behind him.
But those two scores, for all of their individuality and accomplishment, did not seem like they were leading to The Rite of Spring. What Stravinsky did was totally unexpected.
The stage action during the ballet’s second half, leading up to the sacrifice, was enough to capture the attention of even that raucous audience at the first performance. Finally quiet, they could hear Stravinsky’s score and watch as Maria Piltz, the dancer who played the sacrificial victim, stood motionless as the ritual unfolded around her, gradually coming to life to perform her dance, with its angular contortions and tortured motions.
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What actually happened on that scandalous night will always be a mystery to some degree, because the reports contradict each other. Was it the choreography that annoyed people, or the music? Were the police really called? Was it true that missiles were thrown, and challenges to a duel offered? Were the creators booed at the end, or cheered?
The dancer Dame Marie Rambert remembered that right at the beginning ‘a shout went up in the gallery: “Un docteur!" (Call a doctor!). Somebody else shouted louder, “Un dentiste!" (a dentist!)’. The aristocrat Harry Kessler said that people started to whisper and joke almost immediately. Stravinsky himself was so angry that he stormed out and went backstage to help the dancers keep time.
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What is certain is that the audience was shocked - and with good reason. Stravinsky’s score for The Rite of Spring contradicted every rule about what music should be. The sounds are often deliberately harsh, right from opening Lithuanian folk melody, which is played by the bassoon in its highest, most uncomfortable range. The music was cacophonously loud, assaulting the ears with thunderous percussion and shrieking brass. Rhythmically it was complex in a completely unprecedented way. In the ‘Ritual of the Rival Tribes’ the music unfolds in two speeds at once, in a ratio of 3:2. And it makes lavish use of dissonance, i.e. combinations of notes which don’t make normal harmonic sense. ‘The music always goes to the note next to the one you expect,’ wrote one exasperated critic.
Then there was the dance, choreographed by Nijinsky. According to some observers this was what really caused the scandal at the first night. When the curtain rose the audience saw a row of ‘knock-kneed and long-braided Lolitas jumping up and down’ as Stravinsky called them, who seemed to jerk rather than dance. Classical dance aspired upwards, in defiance of gravity, whereas Nijinsky’s dancers seemed pulled down to the earth. Their strange, stamping movements and awkward poses defied every canon of gracefulness.
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Both the music and the dance of The Rite of Spring seemed to deny the possibility of human feelings, which for most people is what gives art its meaning. As Stravinsky put it, ‘there are simply no regions for soul-searching in The Rite of Spring’. This is what separates it so decisively from Stravinsky’s hit of 1911, Petrushka. There we’re immersed in a human world, which exudes the very specific cultural ambience of Russia. It’s true that the main characters are puppets, rather than rounded human beings. But they have characters, even if they’re somewhat rudimentary, and at the end there’s even a suggestion that Petrushka might have a soul.
* Pina Bausch's interpretation of Stravinksy's Rite. A masterpiece of modern dance.
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thegreatmatpi · 2 years
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Theory Time: Polytonality explained with Love Live!
On February 15th, we got “The Blue Swell”, an album of Aqours songs remixed in various styles of rock music. Needless to say the entire album was amazing, especially with “Aozora Jumping Heart” sounding like it was made by DragonForce, but given I just put out a post about music arrangement, let’s talk about the other cool thing the album gave us: polytonality. To give you a little bit of…
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guitarguitarworld · 29 days
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Dennis Sandole Polytonal Guitar Scales: Lesson:
Dennis Sandole Polytonal Guitar Scales Lesson and Examples Please watch video above for detailed info: Hi Guys, Today, a look at the unique scale formations/superimpositions of Dennis Sandole. Dennis Sandole We will take three examples from a handwritten page of polytonal scales by Dennis Sandole and apply them to the guitar: SCALE 1: Dennis Sandole’s Handwritten Polytonal Scale: Same…
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andronicmusicblog · 1 year
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Winifred Phillips on Polytonality in Jurassic World Primal Ops
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Winifred Phillips Discusses the Power of Polytonality in Her Music for Jurassic World Primal Ops This is a very interesting topic by Winifred Phillips, who discusses the power of polytonality in her music for the game Jurassic World Primal Ops in her article "Polytonality (The Game Music of Jurassic World Primal Ops: GDC 2023)."
Phillips describes polytonality as a harmonic device that allows composers to simultaneously assert multiple tonal centers in their music. This can be used to create a sense of tension, anxiety, and dissonance, which is particularly effective in video game music.
You’ll find all these ideas discussed in detail in these three articles:
Part One: Tonic Pivot (The Music of Jurassic World Primal Ops: GDC 2023)
Part Two: Quartal Chords and Chromatics (The Music of Jurassic World Primal Ops: GDC 2023)
Part Three: Whole Tone and Octatonic Scales (The Music of Jurassic World Primal Ops: GDC 2023)
Some extract from the original article:
"We’d just finished discussing the fantastic utility of both the Octatonic and whole-tone scales, which are particularly useful when we’re pushing our music away from a classic harmonic structure and towards atonality. But now let’s take a moment to step away from atonality altogether, and consider its close cousin – polytonality.
We’re all very familiar with traditional key signatures. In classic music theory, key signatures control what chords we hear, what harmonic progressions may occur, and how melodies might take shape. When we go fully atonal, we distance ourselves from these rules – but with polytonality, we keep using them – albeit in a devious way.
Instead of hiding the tonal center, we construct our music to assert more than one at a time.
When listening to a track expertly structured in this way, we can sense multiple separate and distinct key signatures happening simultaneously, and this is great at creating some really interesting harmonic complexity. Best of all, the music can include classically-diatonic melodies on top – and still feel conspicuously weird, due to all the unrelated chord structures going on underneath.
I want to share some musical examples of polytonality now – with the caveat that this stuff can get pretty complicated. I’ll be going through a bunch of details here, but mostly to give you a general feel for how polytonality works. Let’s start by checking out a relatively simple example.
This is another piece of music that accompanies ‘tracking’ sequences when players are searching for wild dinosaurs. I built the music around the whole tone scale – we already discussed how this scale works in the music of Jurassic World Primal Ops. For this particular composition, I put the initial chord structure into the C wholetone scale.
Winifred Phillips · The C Wholetone Scale
But the bassline is assertively hitting D flat as the root tone:
Winifred Phillips · The D Flat Root Tone
And D flat is not at all in the C wholetone scale. Plus, half of the foreground melody is written with a D flat major feel:
Winifred Phillips · The D Flat Major Scale
Then, the other half of the foreground melody follows the C wholetone scale:
Winifred Phillips · The C Wholetone Scale
The chords support the melody by swinging back and forth between D flat major and C wholetone – making the entire thing feel bizarrely unstable. Let’s check that out now – you’ll see that I’ve included some of the notation on-screen, with the D flat major and C wholetone content divided into different staves so we can track what’s happening:
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Now I want to share with you a more complex example of polytonality in the music I composed for Primal Ops. We’re going to be listening to this music, but I’ll break it down for you first.
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The orchestra begins with a repeating diminished 7th chord in D minor. The string section gives us some nervous figures in A flat minor. So – two simultaneous unrelated keys:
D minor:
Winifred Phillips · The Key of D Minor
A flat minor:
Winifred Phillips · The Key of A Flat Minor
After that, we modulate into a hard tonic pivot, which takes the background chords and the agitated string section into 7th chords in G major:
Winifred Phillips · The Key of G Major
While that’s happening, the melody and bass line move to B flat minor:
Winifred Phillips · The Key of B Flat Minor
So, there’s lots of polytonality! We’ll get a better sense of it when we’re listening to the music. As before, I’ve divided the different key signature content so we can follow along, and you’ll see that I’ve indicated where the modulation and the tonic pivot happen:
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Polytonality is an uncommon harmonic device, just like the tonic pivots, quartal harmonies, Chromaticism, and exotic scales that we’ve discussed so far during this talk. All these techniques help us to break away from harmonic conventionalism. But harmony is just a piece of the puzzle, and it certainly isn’t the only way we can introduce chaos into our game scores.
In the next article of this series, we’ll be shifting our discussion away from harmonies, and talking about kinetics. In the meantime, you can read more about game music composition in my book, A Composer’s Guide to Game Music. Thanks for reading!
Phillips provides two examples of polytonality in her music for Jurassic World Primal Ops. In the first example, the bassline and melody are in different keys, while the chords alternate between the two keys. In the second example, the orchestra begins with a repeating diminished 7th chord in D minor, while the string section plays in A flat minor. The music then modulates to G major, while the melody and bass line move to B flat minor.
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Phillips argues that polytonality, along with other techniques such as tonic pivots, quartal harmonies, and chromaticism, can help composers to break away from harmonic conventionalism and introduce chaos into their game scores.
In addition to her work on Jurassic World Primal Ops, Phillips has also composed music for other popular video game franchises such as Assassin's Creed, God of War, Total War, The Sims, and Sackboy / LittleBigPlanet. She has received numerous awards for her work, including an Interactive Achievement Award / D.I.C.E. Award, six Game Audio Network Guild Awards, and four Hollywood Music in Media Awards. From the original article here.
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Independence
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"The one moment that came nearest to a musical experience in the traditional sense was an organ solo by John Paul Jones. With all of the echo and electronic feedback employed in this style, there were some interesting polytonal effects and Jones displayed a rather highly developed rhythmic independence among voice parts."
- From the Sept. 3, 1970 San Diego concert review by D. Dierks (SD Union)
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party-at-jacurutu · 5 months
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tonight's menu:
creepy polytones
distorted weather report in english
polytones/garbled sporadically between bits of incomprehensible speech of indecipherable language
japanese radio opera/story/music
Morse code, two different tones, seemingly same pattern, one slightly delayed behind the other, or sometimes in pieces or not at all. a faint, third code beeps in a higher pitch in he bg, unable to hear it clearly enough. main code very clear.
long, dragging, fucking deep fried polytones that the just suddenly STOP
tons of jesus
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(lol I forgot to post this last night)
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redskysailor · 1 year
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Hi Everyone needs to listen to my final composition project for sophomore music theory or I am LITERALLY going to explode. Ok. Thankyou
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For this project I had to compose eight measures of music and include five of the techniques we've covered in the last few weeks of music theory. I really really love Locrian mode (minor with a bonus b2 and b5, or B to B on the white keys of a piano), so I knew I wanted to do something with that for sure. Here's a list of some of the topics I wound up including:
Polymodality
Pandiatonicism
Quartal harmony
Quintal harmony
Polychords
Polymodality (or polytonality) means that I wrote this in two different keys/modes, in this case B Locrian and F Lydian. (To hear a Lydian scale, play F to F on the white keys of a piano.) These two modes have all of the same pitches in common (white piano keys), so it was easier to get them to fit together without sounding super icky. However, B and F are also a tritone apart, so there's definitely still some crunchiness going on! Tritones are nicknamed "the devil's interval" due to their spooky sound, but they can still be heard in pop culture tunes such as the Simpson's theme song and "Maria" from West Side Story.
Pandiatonicism just means that while I'm still staying within a certain key (or keys, in this case), I'm not sticking to traditional chord resolutions. Certain chords or notes naturally want to resolve to other chords... for example, sing or play a regular major scale (C to C on the white piano keys) and stop at "ti." Do re mi fa so la ti.... You'll notice the tension as you hold out the ti, as it wants to resolve back up to the first note of the scale, "do." But I'm not following the rules >:)
Quartal and quintal harmony refers to chords built in fourths (quartal) and fifths (quintal) rather than the traditional thirds or triads. A triad is just a regular degular chord, consisting of 3 notes in intervals of 3... For example, a C major triad would be C, E, G. The third note up from C is E (C, D, E), and the third note up from E is G (E, F, G). Triads!
Polychords are just two different chords being played at the same time. This happens naturally with polymodality since we're working in two different keys.
Thanks for reading! I'd like to experiment more with Locrilydian in the future, perhaps with a Lydian melody in the treble clef and more ominous Locrian undertones in the bass clef. I hope you like it as much as I do :]
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kissycat · 1 year
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Prev post skill issue fr the first (edit I just remembered it was the second) time I was at redacteds place we watched videos about math, polytonal music, and the slavic slave trade, and I never wanted someone more
#p
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tinyshe · 1 year
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A Musical Joke (in German: Ein musikalischer Spaß) K. 522, (Divertimento for two horns and string quartet) is a composition by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; the composer entered it in his Verzeichnis aller meiner Werke (Catalogue of All My Works) on June 14, 1787. Commentators have opined that the piece's purpose is satirical – that "[its] harmonic and rhythmic gaffes serve to parody the work of incompetent composers" – though Mozart himself is not known to have revealed his actual intentions. The piece comprises four movements, using forms shared with many classical divertimenti: 1. Allegro (sonata form) 2. Menuetto and trio 3. Adagio cantabile 4. Presto (sonata rondo form) Compositorial comedic devices include: asymmetrical phrasing, not phrasing by groups of four measures, at the beginning of the first movement; secondary dominants where subdominant chords are required; discords in the horns; whole tone scales in the violin's high register; clumsy orchestration, backing a thin melodic line with a heavy, monotonous accompaniment in the last movement; and a pathetic attempt at a fugato, also in the last movement. The piece is notable for one of the earliest known uses of polytonality (though not the earliest, as Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber's Battalia used Polytonality), creating the gesture of complete collapse at the finale. This may be intended to produce the impression of grossly out-of-tune string playing, since the horns alone conclude in the tonic key. The lower strings behave as if the tonic has become B-flat, while the violins and violas switch to G major, A major and E-flat major, respectively. Asymmetrical phrasing, whole-tone scales, and polytonality are foreign to music of the classical era. However, these became common for early 20th-century composers like Claude Debussy and Igor Stravinsky, who were searching for a new musical language. In this later context, these were legitimate new techniques in serious music. In Mozart's time, however, these non-classical elements gave the piece its comedy, expressing the composer's humor. (Wikipedia) Please take note that the audio AND the sheet music ARE NOT mine. Change the quality to a minimum of 480p if the video is blurry. Original audio: classical-music-online.net Original sheet music: imslp.org
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palilalia · 8 months
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PAL-080 Bill Orcutt Guitar Quartet Gatefold 2LP
"Four Guitars Live"
NOTE: Shops & distros worldwide can contact Revolver USA for stock.
As Bill Orcutt’s most mature and exhilarating LP to date, Music for Four Guitars was a slab of undeniable Apollonian beauty. Its approachability and obvious novelty landed it not only on the year- end lists of every key-pushing codger in the underground in 2022, but also on NPR in the form of the Bill Orcutt Guitar Quartet, an ensemble assembled to perform this music and featuring Wendy Eisenberg, Ava Mendoza, and Shane Parish in addition to Orcutt. But while their Tiny Desk Concert gave a whiff of the quartet’s easy intimacy, the sterile confines of the virtual recital medium still left a puzzle unsolved: how might these brutally mannered bricks of minimalist counterpoint sound on a stage in front of actual breathing bodies?
This was the question foremost in my mind when I first saw the quartet in San Francisco a few months before this double live LP was recorded. I was already familiar with the prowess of Eisenberg and Mendoza, two of the most technically intimidating shredders to blast out of the noise/improv underground, and knew Parish as the mastermind behind the epic translation of Orcutt's quartet recordings into a fully notated score. I was ready to be “blown away" — and I most assuredly was. The quartet navigated Orcutt's jaggedly spiraling right angles into the shining core of the compositions with joyous ease, faithful to the originals in nearly every way (though their tempos were slightly ramped up, Blakey style, to communicate their breathless rush). The renditions were flawless, stellar and inspiring. I had expected nothing less.
Which leads us to this album, Four Guitars Live, recorded in November of 2023 at Le Guess Who? festival during the quartet’s first European tour. The true essence of this set is not simply in its faithfulness to the source compositions, but in the group's easy familiarity (no doubt the result of weeks on the road) and the generosity of their improvisations, both collective and solo. Orcutt, clearly cognizant of both the caliber of his collaborators and the
singularity of their voices, has given everyone room to stretch out, and all have delivered some of their most moving passages to date.
One of this record's great thrills for me is imagining a listener, perhaps unfamiliar with the outer limits of contemporary guitar improvisation (or the Tzadik catalog), slammed into catatonia by Mendoza's liquefying lines on Out of the corner of the eye, then revived and healed by the languid, breathy lines of Parish's unaccompanied, spaced-out breakdown of the track's main theme, finally only to be crushed by Eisenberg’s staggering extended solo on Only at dusk (somehow channeling both Eugene Chadbourne and Buck Dharma).
There's another peak, which begins at the end of side B, in Orcutt's own languid solo, encapsulating the flowing focus of his recent solo LPs, and serving as an introduction to the next side's ensemble tour de force, the psychic heart of the album, On the horizon: its melodic core passing first to Orcutt, launching into a sublime solo turn by Eisenberg, a duo of Parish and Mendoza, before parachuting back into the ensemble for a smashup rendition of Barely visible and Glimpsed while driving (renamed Barely driving) knitted together with an softly bubbling ensemble improvisation. The transfer is orchestrated yet seamless, its tonal form undeniable even in the presence of obvious dissonance.
The breadth of Four Guitars Live gives lie to the false notion that agile, polytonal improv is necessarily without soul, is necessarily inaccessible. Rather, Four Guitars posits a human avant-garde music that the most conservative will recognize as virtuosic and revel in its classic intervals, boiling counterpoint, and precisely- layered facets. Even the rockers in your life might dig it, so why not pass it on? — TOM CARTER
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piracytheorist · 1 year
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Ah so what are your music tastes?
Hmmm. My first answer would be classical music... but that's a very broad term, lol.
My big love, big enough that I majored in it in my university, is choral music. Mostly from classical genres, or classically-inspired music. I don't think I can easily pick a composer here. Anywhere from Palestrina (Renaissance era) to Mozart (18th century) to Poulenc (20th century) to Ola Gjeilo (contemporary composer) I could pick various choral pieces I love and could geek about. Depending on the musicality and the harmonies included, I also like choral/polytonic music of other genres - folk, symphonic rock, songs I don't even remember where I heard them the first time, again, depending on lots of factors.
I also like big orchestral music and also piano music. I like Tchaikovsky and Debussy, then Chopin is a classic for piano music...
I love sea shanties. I could listen to sailors belt out harmonies for hours. GIMME. My dream is to create a male choir and have them sing sea shanties like the Robert Shaw chorale did. If I manage this here, in a country with very little choral tradition and non-musicians who are VERY hesitant to broaden their musical horizons, it would be my magnum opus.
Anyway, I digress, lol. I also love soundtracks. The classics, of course, Hans Zimmer, John Williams, I am not immune. But also Rachel Portman, Bear McCreary, and other soundtracks from films and games you probably haven't heard of XD
I like listening to jazz, but I don't know that many names there. The most well-known, at least - Armstrong, Fitzgerald, Reinhardt, some Gillespie, why not - but in general I just put in "[decade] jazz" on youtube and put on whatever playlist feels more inspiring.
Throw in some folk stuff depending on my mood, from Irish music to Scandinavian singing and then there's a lot of Greek music I like, I prefer soft and ethereal or some of our rock too and lots of other stuff... I don't know. I listen to a lot XD Here's a random French song I heard once in a bar and fell in love with
In general, I like most "mainstream" kinds of music. Some stuff may sound obnoxious to me, but if it's in the background and I can ignore it with conversation I'm good. But most of the time I'm like "Music. Bruh. What an invention."
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opera-ghosts · 1 year
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OTD in Music History: Important 20th Century pianist-composer Karol Szymanowski (1882 - 1937) – hailed in some circles as the greatest Polish composer after Frederic Chopin (1810 – 1849) – dies of tuberculosis at a sanitarium in Lausanne, Switzerland. A member of the “Young Poland” modernist movement that flourished in the late 19th and early 20th century, Szymanowski's early works owe a clear debt to the late-Romantic German school (i.e., Richard Wagner [1813 - 1883], Richard Strauss [1864 - 1949], and Max Reger [1873 - 1916]) as well as eccentric Russian "mystic" pianist-composer Alexander Scriabin (1871 - 1915). Later on, however, Szymanowski developed an increasingly personal style which blended elements of free atonality / polytonality, French “Impressionism” (drawing from the work of Claude Debussy [1862 - 1918] and Maurice Ravel [1875 - 1937]), and Polish folk music. Indeed, to that last point, the establishment of an independent Polish state in 1918 inspired Szymanowski to consciously seek to forge a distinctly “Polish” style of “classical” composition – a daunting task that hadn’t been seriously attempted by any major composer since Chopin. Polish musicologist Aleksander Laskowski has opined that Szymanowski "ultimately succeeded in his goal of inventing a musical language all his own [...] His works were true and ingenious creations, and his oeuvre shows an incredible development from the Straussian and Wagnerian aesthetic, through an interesting and very romantic 'Oriental' period, and finishing with a nationalist period.” PICTURED: A publicity headshot of the middle-aged Szymanowski (photographed by the famous “Fayer of Vienna” atelier), which he signed and inscribed to a fan in 1931. Szymanowski has also written out a few measures from the opening of his folk-music-infused ballet “Harnasie," which was not publicly premiered until 1935. Autograph material from Szymanowski is exceedingly rare.
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sibyl-of-space · 2 years
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Aaaaand here’s a second preview of my music for the You’re Not Alone FFIX zine!! I was super inspired by how fucking weird Gargan Roo is and decided to make a cover that captures that unhinged energy. I love me a polytonal disaster piece.
Shop: https://yourenotalone.bigcartel.com Etsy (EU): https://www.etsy.com/shop/Ff9Yourenotalone Philippines PH GO: forms.gle/J8KRBfxYuwJ22EwF9 Site: https://ff9zine.carrd.co
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nemosynth · 2 years
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Season 2, episode 1 - Oberheim
「XpanderにはIBM社製PCの倍の演算能力を持たせてあります。ですが、それでもこの速さでしか数をかぞえられないのです」 (We've put twice the computing power of an IBM PC inside the Xpander, but even so it can only count SO fast!)
OBERHEIMの名機、Xpander(エクスパンダー)。その取説にある文章をちょこっと超訳してみた。お客様に 対しマトリクス・モジュレーションが最大20系統しかないことにご理解をもとめるこの文章。逆に20系統もできるのか!と驚いていたユーザーにしてみれば衝撃的に謙虚に映った。
Xpanderと言えばビンテージ・アナログシンセ最後期の名機のひとつ。だがその伝説は単に太くてあたたかい音 だけではなかった。そこには生みの親トム・オーバーハイム氏による卓越したデジタルテクノロジーも光っていた のである。こんにち的シンセの礎を築き上げた言わば第一世代のBUCHLA、MOOG、ARPが倒れたあと、シンセの開発を牽引した第2世代はOBERHEIMの創業者トム・オーバーハイム、E-MU SYSTEMSの創業者デイヴ・ロ ッサム、SEQUENTIALの創業者デイヴ・スミスなど。彼らが数々のビンテージ・アナログシンセの名機を世に送り出すことができたのは、ひとつには彼らがすぐれてデジタルテクノロジーのマエストロたちだったからでもあった。
そんな歴史を、簡単に追ってみたい。
♬     ♬     ♬
「創世神話」
トーマス・エルロイ・オーバーハイム(Thomas Elroy Oberheim)、通称トム・オーバーハイム。1936年七夕 生まれ、アメリカ中西部カンザス州出身。
戦後、高校の時から電子工作少年となりステレオを自作。大学でコンピューターサイエンスを会得した彼は電子 工学エンジニアとして就職。アナログ回路のみならずコンピュータープログラミングもまた楽しくて仕方がない。 楽器演奏はしなかったが趣味で音楽を聴くようになり、友人たちに求められるままにパワー・アンプなどを製作。 そんな中 1966年カリフォルニアで知り合ったエクスペリメンタル・ハプニング系プログレバンドのボーカリストだ った女の子から 「前のバンドにいたギター野郎がリングモジュレーターを使ってたんだけど、あたしにも作ってくれない?」 とかなんとか、たぶんそうだったんじゃないか劇場な感じで。
リング変調器? UCLA大学図書館にて資料をディグってみれば、ハラルト・ボーデ(Harald Bode)が1960年 に作っていたというぼんやりした雑誌記事あり。それは若きトム・オーバーハイムをして音楽と電子工学テクノロ ジーとを結びつけた、ひとつの小さな春の遠雷のようなものとなった。
趣味の一環としてリングモジュレーターをいくつか作っているうちに評判となり、1970年には映画『続・猿の惑 星』で使いたいというオファーが来た。20世紀フォックスのスタジオに機材を持ち込めばオケの団員数名が興味を 示し、なんとそれを買いたいというではないか。技術者だましいに火がついたトム。キャリア・オシレーターを追 加、プリアンプも付けましょう、原音とエフェクト音とも混ぜられるようにしてみました、愛らしいロゴマークを デザイナーに作ってもらったからおっきく載せてあげるね♬
かくして1970年、史上初のライブパフォーマンス向けリングモジュレーター、その名もMusic Modulator爆誕。 その不思議な音色は初のOBERHEIMブランド機種がかわいい産声をあげた瞬間でもあった。
すると今度は大手ディーラーが自社ブランドでも販売したいというではないか! いきなり我が子が人気者にな るを約束されたようなものか。
彼へオファーしたブランドとは、零細メーカーたちがテクノロジーを駆使して開発した電子音楽デバイスをその 大手ディーラーが仕入れて販売するためのものであった。それこそが今や人気不動のMAESTROブランド。
大手流通網に乗ったMAESTRO Ring Modulatorの名はまたたく間に広がり、大西洋を渡ったイギリスのハード ロック・キーボーディスト、ジョン・ロードがディープ・パープルでHAMMOND B-3にかけて叫ぶようなフィー ドバック的サウンドを出し、キーボーディストたちに「今まで台所でまな板に向かってとんとんしてるとしか見え なかった僕たちもギターみたくかっこよくなれる!」とハートに火をつけた。
続けてトム・オーバーハイムがMAESTRO Phase Shifterに至ってはベストセラーとなり、はるか後の2022年、 ついにネット配信されたシンセヲタ御用達のフランス映画『ショック・ドゥ・フューチャー』でもその勇姿を、た んと拝める。
やがてNAMMショウへ足を運ぶようになったトム・オーバーハイム。セミモジュラーシンセARP 2600がNAMM ショウでは人気好調なのに、彼が住んでいたLAではどの楽器屋さんも販売していない。そこで彼はARPのディーラ ーとなり、既にリングモジュレーターをお買い上げいただいたお得意様に今度はARP 2600を売り歩く。ビジネス うなぎのぼり。当時シンセを扱ってくれるディーラーなんて珍しかったから彼のお店はLA界隈で有名店。
そこからトム・オーバーハイムが作ったのがMOOG MinimoogやARP 2600を駆動できるデジタル・シーケンサ ー DS-2A。まだマイクロプロセッサーが無かった時代につき論理ゲートを組み合わせて製作、RAM容量1,024ビッ トで128バイトのはずが当時まだ8ビット=1バイトにまとめる概念もない。最初は48音しかメモリーができなかったらしいが、それでもせいぜい12ステップのアナログシーケンサーくらいしかない当時、鍵���入力までできるDS-2Aはユーザーフレンドリー! トムの音楽的センスあふれる先進性がきらりと輝く。最終的には144ステップ もメモリーできたのだから言うことなし。
時に1973年。OBERHEIMブランド2番目の機種にして最初のシーケンサーが生まれたのである。
エフェクターの次に作ったのがシンセではなくシーケンサー、それもデジタルシーケンサーであったというこ と。MIDIが誕生する10年以上も前であったこと。そんな時代から既に彼がコンピューターサイエンス・エンジニア であったことを想起すれば、それはデジタルにも強い彼がやがて大輪を咲かせるであろうことを予感させる、シンボリックかつ既に迫力に満ちた存在だったのである。
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「SEMカンブリア時代」
持ち前の先取の精神を発揮したトム・オーバーハイム、矢つぎばやに次の機種を開発。これがアナログ・モノシ ンセ音源モジュールの名機 SEM(Synthesizer Expansion Module)、そしてそれを元にした鍵盤つきポリシンセの名機=2Voice、4Voice、8Voice。OBERHEIMは一躍アナログシンセメーカーとなって躍り出た。
まずSEMなる音源モジュールを先行開発した理由は、自身のシーケンサー DS-2AでMinimoogや2600やなんか を駆動するより、DS-2Aと音源モジュールとを組み合せて伴奏させ、それをバックにMinimoog みたいな鍵盤つき シンセでソロをとったほうが音楽的かつ便利だと気づいたから。しかも既存機種と音のキャラがかぶらないよう VCFの肩特性を−24dB/Octではなく−12dB/Octに変え、LPF/BPF/HPFの連続可変ステート・バリアブルフィルタ ーを採用。よりブライトな音色を得意とさせた。
次にSEMに鍵盤をつけて自前のキーボードシンセ化。SEMにくっつけた鍵盤とはE-MU SYSTEMSのデイヴ・ロ ッサム(Dave Rossum)が開発したデジタルスキャニング・キーボード。デジタルが分かる者同士の連携プレイで あった。しかもこれらは複数のSEMを1台にまとめて鍵盤をくっつけただけなので、いちいち各SEMで音作りしな いといけなかったが、逆に言うと1音ごとに違う音色に設定することもできた。すなわちポリフォニックかつポリ トーナル(polytonal)な楽器。1台ずつ違うピッチにすればコードメモリーっぽく和音を並行移調演奏すらでき た。さらにはポリフォニックポルタメントもできるシンセなんて当時なかなか他に無い。
ちなみに末っ子2voiceには秘密兵器8ステップ・アナログシーケンサーを搭載。2音ポリのシンセとして普通に 弾くモードだけでなく、1音は内蔵シーケンサーで駆動し、もう1音を本体鍵盤から手弾きできるというヴァンゲ リスやタンジェリン・ドリームやクラフトワークのファンが泣いてよろこぶモードも装備。1音ずつ別々の音色に できる意味はここでぐっと深まるね!ってか何気にもう原始的なワークステーション・シンセと言って良いんじゃ ないの?
4Voiceの開発が終わるころ友人づてにスティーヴィー・ワンダーへ知らせると、持ってこいと言う。プロトタイ プを持っていって弾いてもらうと、買うという! 試作につき中の配線がひでー状態なのだがスティーヴィーはま だその4Voiceを持ってるらしい!
とはいえまだまだ一般的に鍵盤楽器といえばアコピ、エレピ、オルガンという時代、シンセはニッチで「おたく な楽器」。その上4Voiceでも4,000ドル、8Voiceに至っては 8,000ドルもしたため、ばかじゃねーの!?というデ ィーラーもいたらしいが、前述のスティーヴィーはじめハンコック等そうそうたるお歴々がご購入ご愛用。
でもトム・オーバーハイムがアタックディケイエンベロープジェネレーターフリーケンシーレゾナンスミキサー VCAなどと技術用語マシンガントークしまくったがためにジョー・ザヴィヌルに至っては参った様子、我に返った トムが自粛したものの時既に遅しこれはあかんやろと思ってがっくりんこしていたら、ひと月ちょっとたったころ にザヴィヌルがやってきてドヤ顔で名曲「Birdland」のラフミックスを聴かせてくれたという。
かくして4Voice による名演はクロスオーバーという新ジャンルを開拓したのであった。新しい楽器が新しいジャ ンルをつくる。そのクロスオーバーに勘違いされたこともあった初期のYMOにて、矢野顕子が8Voiceをライブ演 奏していたのも不思議に楽しい因果。OBERHEIMの売上は伸び、徐々に会社らしくなっていった。
そしてSEMを踏まえて出てきたのが、小型アナログ・モノシンセに音色メモリーをつけたOB-1。1977年。
OB-1は8音色を完璧にデジタル・メモリーへとストアできたため史上初のプログラマブルシンセ(音色を記憶で きるシンセ)のひとつとなった。OB-1という機種名は大ブレイクした映画「スターウォーズ」の登場人物オビ=ワ ン・ケノービ(Obi-Wan Kenobi)のファースト・ネームから取ったとか逆なんだとかさまざまな都市伝説を呼ん だが、そんな偶然もまたおもしろい。
だが、この機種は不運にも日影の機種となった。
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「風雲児 OB-X〜カンブリア紀ポリシンセ大爆発」
1978 年1月、なにやら無名の新参ガレージメーカーがNAMMショウにて新しいシンセを発表するという噂が広 まり、「列強」たる既存シンセメーカーの社員たちはその小さなブースにたかっていた。OBERHEIMもそうした列強のひとつ。でも当日の朝になってもお目当ての新製品は見あたらない。昼ごろになってようやく1人が小脇に試 作品のキーボードを抱えてブースに持ち込んできた。徹夜で不具合を直しつづけ、朝までかかってしまったのだという。その実機を見た列強メーカーたちは「なんだ、ミニモーグをポリフォニックにしただけじゃね〜か笑」と気分は大山鳴動ねずみ一匹。
だがその無名の新参メーカーとはのちに伝説となった SEQUENTIAL、昼下がりのブースに1人で試作機を持ち込んだはトム・オーバーハイムと同じくデジタルに強い天才エンジニアこと誰あろうデイヴ・スミスその人、そして彗星のごとくデビューした新製品こそが後世にまでその名を轟かすこととなったゲームチェンジャー、ビンテー ジ・アナログ名機中の名機、そう、Prophet-5 であった。
メモリーもないモノシンセが常識だった当時、5音ポリで 40音色メモリーを搭載した Prophet-5 は革命的。そ れは当時誰もやっていなかったCPUでシンセ全体を制御させるデジタルの勝利。それを具現化したデイヴ・スミス の先見性はすばらしく、NAMMショウ3日間だけで注文殺到、まさしくProphet-5はflying off the shelf=飛ぶように売れ、デビューから半年もたつとその独壇場ぶりが列強メーカーたちを慌てさせることになる。トム・オーバ ーハイムもその一人であった。なんせご自慢の4Voiceの売上が本人いわく「でっかい岩が転がり落ちるみたいに」赤丸急降下、真っ逆さまに奈落へと崩壊したのだからたまらない。
しかも相手はのちに「モノシンセはMinimoog、ポリシンセはProphet-5,デジタルシンセはDX7」などとシンセ技術史のランドマークとして並び称されることになる巨人。足元が文字通り崩落するがごとき未曽有の危機にトム・オーバーハイムは新製品開発を5カ月に圧縮、次世代シンセ開発突貫工事。
そして翌1979年夏、サマーNAMMショウにてSEQUENTIALの挑戦を受けて立ち、リングによじ登ってきた新機種こそが、王者Prophet-5の前に立ちはだかった最初のチャレンジャーことOBERHEIM OB-X だったのである。
してNAMMショウ当日。それでも過熱するばかりのProphet-5の大人気ぶりに、ショウが終わるころには俺の会社は倒産してんじゃねーかとトム・オーバーハイムは冷や冷や。いやぁ~未知の新機軸へ果敢にいどむ心労しかも 後追いモデルほんとうにお疲れさまです! そしてフタを開けてみれば3日間ほどで50万ドルもの絶好調セールスを記録、渾身の一撃、面目躍如! そしてここにポリシンセたちによる新しい群雄割拠の時代がスタートした。
OB-X は2音ポリ仕様の基板回路「ボイスカード」を採用。4音ポリ版、6音ポリ版、8音ポリ版という3バリ エーションが存在。ポリ数が不定であるために代数X(エックス)の文字を機種名に入れた。5ボイスのプロフェットと対決する後発にふさわしい優位性。それは 2Voice、4Voice、8Voiceを実現したSEM的発想か。
しかも旧機種では各SEMを違うピッチに設定しコードを並行移調して演奏できたが、OB-Xではコードメモリー を搭載することで再現可能。これもProphet-5には無い特典。コード「メモリー」という発想もデジタルですね。
他社とは違うー12dB/OctのLPFによる明るい音色も非常に好評、ざらざらしたダスティでブライトなサウンドは陽キャなアメリカン・ハードロックと融合し明るくかっこいい新境地を切りひらいた。先のクロスオーバーでもてはやされた4Voice、テクノの神器ヤオヤ、そしてOB-Xもまた新しい楽器が新しいジャンルに貢献した好例であろう。その他にもそれまで「No Synthesizers」を誇ってきた大英帝国クイーン陛下が初めて、かつ潔く大胆に導入 したシンセがOB-Xであったという点でも感慨深い。
かくしてトムとデイヴとでアナログ・ポリシンセという新しいマーケットを開拓、他社もこぞって追随しELKA Synthex、ROLAND Jupiter-8、Juno-6などヒーローとも言える新機種が輩出、時代に乗り遅れた旧世代MOOG と ARPは倒産、風雲児OBERHEIMとSEQUENTIALとがシンセ業界で双璧をなす存在となり台頭、黄金の80年代はさしずめカンブリア紀ポリシンセ大爆発、躍動感あふれる新時代となった。
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「OB紀」
勢いに乗ったトム・オーバーハイム。
OB-X 後継機種としてOB-Xa、OB-8へと活発にモデルチェンジ、ロジャー・リンが史上初 PCMリズムマシン LM-1を出すのを見て、ただちにより安価なPCM音源リズムマシンDMX、DXをローンチ。さらにデジタルシーケン サー DSXなど新製品の数々を送り出し、MIDIより先に独自のOBERHEIMパラレルインターフェイスをも開発、の ちのMIDIよりも高速の並列データ通信を実現。デジタルの強みを発揮しまくってOBERHEIMの機種だけですべてラ イブから楽曲制作までをも可能にするエコシステム、その名も「Oberheim System」を打ち立てた。
実は試作機の域を出ないがOB-Xaを元にした OB-Expanderなる卓上型音源モジュールまであった。ちなみにこ れは MIDI 時代の音源モジュールXpanderとは異なる、先駆者的存在。
さらに繰り出したるは奇想天外な機種、ミュージシャン向け卓上型ROMライターPrommer。これはユーザーサ ンプリングした音色に原始的なタイムストレッチやリングモジュレーションなどなど編集した上でEPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory:書き込みと紫外線による消去が可能なROM)に焼き、それを リズムマシンDMX内蔵EPROM とユーザーが差し替える(!)という恐ろしい機種。PrommerとDMXとのセット が中古であったら貴重♬ 8ビット/32kHzサンプリングなんてイカす♬ そして DMX はその安さがゆえにヒッ プホップ業界で AKAI PROFESSIONAL MPCへのオルタナとして後に再発見されることにもなった。
プリセット型シンセという自己矛盾したかのごとき機種 OB-SXに至っては、実はOB-Xと音色データが互換する がためにOB-Xで自作した音色をカセットテープに保存、それをOBERHEIMに郵送すると EPROM に焼いて返送し てくれるという神サービスまであった。
むろんPrommer/DMXもOB-SXも、EPROMはお客様が自分で交換。特に基板を触る前にはくれぐれも静電気を 放出しておいていただけますよう、よろしくお願いいたします。実はPrommerで焼いたEPROMはOBERHEIM以外 のリズムマシンでもこっそり使えたらしいよ。トム・オーバーハイムにはライブラリービジネスの曙光が見えてい たのかな?
ところでOB-X景気に湧いた1979 年から1980年にかけて、トム・オーバーハイムはカリフォルニア州立短大で コンピューター・ミュージックのセミナーを担当。するとそこに潜り込んできたるは高校生1名。そのハイスクー ルキッドにニュータイプとしての素質を見出したトム・オーバーハイム、なんと彼をスカウトしてフラナガン機関ばりに社員登用。そしてそのさとい彼が作ったのが実はシーケンサーDSXであった。その分解能は4分音符=96で あったというから、のちのMIDIハードウェア・シーケンサーの名機YAMAHA QX3やROLAND MC-500とも互 角、それでいて並列通信でもってMIDIより高速。
しかも彼は売るのもうまい。そしてこの若き才能はのちに電子楽器業界におけるデジタル革命家となる。
というわけでデジタルへの造詣の深きトム・オーバーハイムがもたらしたアナログポリシンセの繁栄。だがこの 先進性優位性が、逆にOBERHEIMをしてMIDIをあなどることにつながってしまう。
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「マトリクス・モジュレーション紀」
1983 年、MIDI爆誕、DX7爆誕。OBERHEIM沈黙。
1984年にOBERHEIMはこれまではとは全く違ったビンテージ・アナログの名機Xpanderをリリース。MIDI 規 格制定にかかわらなかった同社はスタートダッシュにこそ出遅れたが、しかしその1年後にマルチパートMIDI音源 モジュールを出してきたという、やはりデジタルに強いトム・オーバーハイム貫禄の力作であった。
しかもそれだけにとどまらない。
6音ポリの卓上型音源モジュールXpanderは音声経路こそフルアナログかつVCO→ VCF→ VCAと減算方式なカ タチに結線済みであったが、変調はすべてデジタル演算で行いその結果をアナログ音声回路に反映する機種。そし てこれら変調システムをXpander は史上初のマトリクス・モジュレーションというカタチに整理して搭載。24基 の内部モジュールにまたがるモジュレーション経路を冒頭に紹介したとおり、最大20本のルーティングでもって結 線する、つまり史上初のプログラマブル・セミモジュラーシンセ、仮想セミモジュラーとも言える存在であった。
Xpanderのモジュレーションソース・セレクト
・変調はデジタルで ・音声はアナログで
すなわち
・デジタルによる卓越した表現力 ・アナログによる豊潤な音色
2つの宇宙のおいしいとこ取り。
マトリクス・モジュレーションとしてパッチングした結果は100音色メモリーに保存され、MIDIプログラムチェ ンジで瞬時に切替可能。広大なパッチングを一発切替だなんて、なんという夢のようなセミモジュラーシンセであ ろう。パッチングのノウハウをプリセット音色から学べるのもありがたい。
PAGE MODIFIERは選択したパラメーターをコントロールするセクション ただEGが原始的なソフト処理のためにXpanderではアタックがナマる傾向にあった。よってXpanderはシンベには向かず、代わりにシンセブラスは荘厳なものになった。
さらに VCAにEGをつながない限り音すら出ないセミモジュラーの徹底ぶりゆえ、逆にLFOをつなげれば周期的 にゲートが開閉し、打鍵しなくとも電子ししおどしの如く音があちこちに散乱する楽しい芸もできた。LFOには他 の変調信号をクオンタイズするモジュレーション・シェイパー機能まであった。
内蔵モジュール24基×6音ポリなので、144基ものモジュールが内蔵されていたことになる。これをユーロラック で実現したらと考えるとき、仮想セミモジュラーとしてデジタルで具現化したトム・オーバーハイムのビジョン に、しかもプログラマブルであるという着想には感謝しかない。
Xpanderは6パートのマルチ音源にもなりパートやボイスごとにパンも設定可能。リアパネルにはCV/Gate入力 端子が6ペアも壮観に並び、CV/Gate to MIDIインターフェイスにすらなった。これはOBERHEIM DSXシーケン サーを通じて同社パラレルバス世界とMIDI世界とを橋渡しするだけでなく、ROLAND MC-4のようなMIDI以前な がらに強力な編集機能を有するシーケンサーがあった当時うれしい機能にもなりえた。
卓上型というのも操作しやすい。垂直ラックなんて腕が疲れる。3つもある蛍光管ディスプレイと6つのファン クションキーや6つのエンドレスエンコーダによる操作性もまた斬新。今ならFL管ってだけで雰囲気あるよね。
すなわち Xpanderと���
・デジタルによるマトリクスモジュレーション  ・デジタルによるリモート操作ことMIDI対応しかもマルチ音源 ・デジタルによるディスプレイで実現した多彩なパラメーター操作
これら3つのデジタルに支えられた画期的な新世代シンセであった。
加えて何よりも音の良さ。曲芸的なプリセット音色からは分かりにくいが、Xpanderは自分で音を作ると太い音 もする素性の良さがあった。ベロシティが効くVCOシンセというだけでも貴重! してお値段64万8千円と、安価な日本製とは一線を画す完全プロ仕様。
「Matrix Modulation」の名はそのままOBERHEIMの登録商標となり、他のメーカーは語順を逆にして 「Modulation Matrix」と呼んだり、ROLANDのように「Matrix Control」と別名称にしたりして回避している。 いまだにそうであるところを見るとやはりハードウェアものづくりにっぽんとは対照的なソフトウェア大国USA の、その自由な発想と底力とを垣間見る思いすらする。
史上初のバーチャルモジュラー。しかもCV/MIDI音源。内在する複雑なモジュレーション・ネットワーク。外在する広大な CV/MIDIネットワーク。
2つのネットワークがフラクタルである��のごとくリフレインされるは、まるで大宇宙の中に小宇宙があるかの ようだ。もはや受動的な音源ユニットの枠を超え、能動的にネットワークの中でおしゃべりし聴き耳を立て反応し ながらさまざまな役柄をこなす存在なのであった。そして新しい操作性によりスコープを通して音の銀河を眺める ようにエディットする。
それは来たるべきネットワーク社会をも予見させる未来からの使者、未来のプロトタイプのような機種ですらあ った。
この後OBERHEIMはXpanderを2台分搭載した12音ポリ最終進化型アナログシンセ・キーボード、その名も Matrix-12を発売。98万円というハイエンド・プライス、ますます広大なマトリクス・モジュレーション、宇宙の 深淵をのぞきこむようなディープな音、これらはデジタルシンセ時代にあらがう巨大恐竜のようなビンテージ・ア ナログ最後の主役となった。
♬     ♬     ♬
「MARION SYSTEMS紀」
だが1985年にOBERHEIMは倒産。あげく弁護士連中に乗っ取られ、その2年くらい後にトム・オーバーハイムは退職。「弁護士を信用するなよ」とは彼の名言。
残された名機Matrix-6、Matrix-1000は哀しき遺児たち。目の付け所が秀逸だった史上初ジェネリックなサンプ ルプレイバッカーDPX-1なんて後のライブラリービジネスをどれほど先取りしていたことか。このコンセプトがそ のまま育まれ続けたなら今のDAW時代コンテンツ万歳テクノロジーはさらに数年先を行っていたかもしれないの に、ついえ去る。無念!
自らの名を冠した城を去った彼は一時期ROLAND初のハードディスク・レコーダーDM-80の開発顧問などを務 めた後、小さなメーカーMARION SYSTEMSを立ち上げる。
その初号機MS-9Cとは、当時の花方だった12ビットサンプラーAKAI S900を16ビット化する基板1枚という驚 きの新製品。S900特有のハイ上がりな周波数特性を再現するスイッチまで設けたこだわりっぷり。
続けて1994年に送り出した弐号機MSR-2は、1Uラックのアナログシンセ音源モジュールと思いきや、中身を 入れ替えることで違う音源になったりエフェクトになったりといくらでも機能が七変化するメインフレーム機種。 ピッチが安定したHROことHigh Resolution Oscillatorも搭載。
MS-9CとMSR-2に共通するのは、メインフレームとなるハードウェアへ基板ライブラリーをインストールする ことで機能をフレキシブルに変えるという先駆的ビジネルモデル。
ちなみにこの間トム不在のOBERHEIMからは、PerFX シリーズ、OB-Mx、OB-12、MC-3000 などなど出てい たとはいえ、あえて申し上げるなら決してトム・オーバーハイムが描いた “コミュニケーションするシンセ“ などの ように遠く未来を見通すビジョナリー的な視点に裏打ちされたものとは思えない。どちらかというとその場その場 で場当たり的に単独の魅力だけでぽっと出た感がある。むろん各機種の個性は光るので名機もあるには違いないの だが。
だが最後にはギター用エフェクトに転身しようとするも、何屋さんなのかよくわからないメーカーとなって同社 はついに21世紀初頭に消えた。
MSR-2メインフレームのデビューから15年たった2009年、楽器業界に戻ってきたトム・オーバーハイムはSEM 復活を宣言。紆余曲折を経て2011年から、 ・SEM MIDI版 ・SEM パッチパネル版 ・前2者を合体させたようなSEM Pro
この3機種を発売。SEM Proで14万4千円。2014年にはキーボードシンセTVS-2 Two Voice Proも発売。
2016年には良きライバルであるデイヴ・スミスとともに今の新生SEQUENTIALからのOBERHEIM機種となる OB-6を発売。OBと命名されるも中身はSEM ベースの設計、非常に良質なアナログの音がする現代版6音ポリシンセの名機。さらにOB-6は同社Prophet-6の姉妹機種。その Prophet-6は当時まだDAVE SMITH INSTRUMENTSと名乗っていた同社にとって、SEQUENTIALブランド復権の旗印。その姉妹機種にOB-6が来るという、2人のロ ゴが並ぶという、予想もしなかったレジェンダリー・エンジニア2人の元気コラボ。デビュー動画が旧友たちの友 情をあますところなく伝えていてイカス!
2019年にはGIBSONがOBERHEIM商標権をトム・オーバーハイムに返還。2021年8月3日にはBEHRINGERの 親会社MUSIC TRIBEからも商標が返還され、弁護士に乗っ取られてから実に36年ぶりに彼は自分の名前を手にす ることとなった。自分の名前すら自由に使えなかったんだから、ほんによかったですね。
彼が2度目に作り出したSEMシリーズやTwo Voice Pro などを特徴づけるのは、中身や音のこだわりもさること ながらCV~MIDIまで包括した統合的なネットワークへの対応であった。デジタルを駆使して生まれてきたDS-2A シーケンサー以来、SEMしかり、前MIDI時代の先駆者Oberheim Systemしかり、フラクタルなネットワークを意 識したXpanderしかり、新生SEMに至るまでトム・オーバーハイムが一貫して追い求めてきたものたちの一つは 「おしゃべりしあう楽器たち」であった。
それ��今の時代ほど切実に求められていることはなかったかもしれない。
見通せない未来と希望もシェアするグローバルなプラットフォーム、それはトム・オーバーハイムが暗黙のうち に求め続けてきたネットワーク時代の具現化であろうか。そしてそのネットワークに載って配信されし映画『ショ ック・ドゥ・フューチャー』にて、トム・オーバーハイムの伝説 Maestro Phase Shifterが名脇役の如く存在感を 示しているのは、まさに彼が夢見た「つながる電子楽器」の夢ではなかったか。温かに揺らいで熱を帯びるアナロ グサウンドに耳を傾けつつ新生 SEMにパッチングしてネットワークにつなげるとき、そこに私たちはどんな音の未 来の景色を見るのか。
かつて高校生のときにトム・オーバーハイムにスカウトされシーケンサーDSXを開発した若き才能がいたと、先 に書いた。その名はマーカス・ライル。のちに彼はALESISにてADATを作ることで、史上初アマチュア向けデジタ ルレコーディング・ツールを実現、さらにLINE 6を興し、保守的で真空管信仰が根強いギター業界にあってフレン ドリーなアプローチでモデリング技術を持ち込み、PODというかわいいお尻のカタチでもってアンプシミュに市民 権を与えた。そんなデジタル革命児となった彼は今でもトム・オーバーハイムを恩人としてリスペクトを表してやまない。
OBERHEIMのテクノロジーはAKAI PROFESSIONALのウィンドシンセにも受け継がれ、初期のEWIシリーズは VCOシンセ音源に小規模なマトリクス・モジュレーションを搭載。さらに全く関係ないところでもARTURIAがアナ ログシンセ・ルネッサンスの波に乗ってミニ鍵アナログシンセMicroBruteを出すにあたり、小さなパッチパネルを 用意し「モジュレーション・マトリクス」と銘打っていたのは象徴的ですらある。
おしゃべりしあう楽器たちの時代。
DS-2AもSEMもDSXもXpanderも、来るべきソフトウェアとコミュニケーションとネットワークの時代を十分 に予感させるものでありながら、ほんとうに凌駕されるまで10年20年30年と待たねばならなかった。かくも人類が 回り道をするものならば、今もまた。
齢80を超えるトム・オーバーハイムにとって、事実上彼がたった一人で切り盛りしているMARION SYSTEMSの 経営は大変なものであり、ここしばらくの全世界的な半導体不足によってTOM OBERHEIMブランドの新製品は在 庫限りとなっている。文明の瓦解すら伝え聞く中、トム・オーバーハイムたち先人たちの叡智にならい早く全地球 的な支援のネットワークによって老オーバーハイム爺を助けられる日が来ることを、ほんとうに切に切に祈ってい たところであった。
それがなにやら2022年4月13日、新しくOBERHEIMの復活を予告する動画が、むたむたクールすぎるクールな動画が。
youtube
こ、これは、OBERHEIM3度目の復活!!!!! そしてついに現るOB-X8、時に2022年5月10日!!!!! 
youtube
https://www.oberheim.com
(2022年6月23日Sound&Recording公式サイト初出)
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ainews · 1 month
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The use of Grammar can often be compared to a musical composition, with various rules and structures coming together to form a cohesive whole. However, when it comes to the language of dragons, the rules of grammar take on a whole new level of complexity, playing out in a polytonal symphony that can leave even the most seasoned linguist scratching their head.
One of the reasons for this grammatical polytonality in dragon tongues is their inherent dual nature. Dragons are creatures of both magic and physicality, existing simultaneously in the physical world and the realm of myth and legend. As a result, their language reflects this duality, with both spoken and written words possessing multiple layers of meaning and power.
Another aspect of dragon grammar that adds to its polytonal nature is the fact that their language is highly contextual. Each word or phrase can have different meanings depending on the context in which it is used, making it a challenge for outsiders to fully decipher. This is further complicated by the fact that dragons have a telepathic connection with one another, meaning their thoughts and intentions are often intertwined with their words.
In addition to these complexities, dragons also have a rich cultural history and a long lifespan, leading to a wide range of regional and generational variations in their language. Different clans and generations may have their unique dialects and slang, making it difficult for non-dragon speakers to fully grasp the intricacies of their language.
Furthermore, dragons have a deep understanding of magic and how to harness its power, and their language reflects this. Spells and incantations are often woven into sentences, requiring precise pronunciation and timing to achieve the desired effect. The use of different tones, inflections, and accents can also change the meaning of a word, adding yet another layer of complexity to their already polytonal language.
While the grammatical polytonality of dragon tongues may seem daunting, it is a natural reflection of their complex and magical nature. Just like with music, it takes time and practice to fully appreciate and understand the different layers and nuances of their language. And for those brave enough to delve into the world of dragons and their tongues, the rewards are priceless – a deeper connection with these majestic creatures and a newfound appreciation for the intricacies of language.
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sheetmusiclibrarypdf · 2 months
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How to play like Dave Brubeck (Take 5 "steps")
How to play like Dave Brubeck (Take 5 "steps") - Brubeck's sheet music available from our Library1. Blues2. Stride3. Odd time signatures4. Polyrhythms5. PolytonalitySignature TunesDave Brubeck - Take FiveNew Dave Brubeck Biography, A Timely Reminder Of Jazz Piano Royalty‘Dave Brubeck: A Life In Time’ looks at how the pianist’s life criss-crossed with countless jazz greats, and dives into some lesser-known areas of his life.Sharp as a tackDefiant in the face of racismA move into composingBrowse in the Library:
How to play like Dave Brubeck (Take 5 "steps") - Brubeck's sheet music available from our Library
Dave Brubeck, who passed away on December 5, 2012, just a day shy of his 92nd birthday, was one of the most influential jazz musicians of all time. Rhythms of horses’ hooves on the California cattle ranch he grew up on, along with those from water pumps, motors, and various other sources prompted his lifelong fascination with odd time signatures. Brubeck was also exposed to Bach, Mozart, Chopin, Beethoven, Debussy, and Ravel, as his mother gave classical piano lessons. Stride, blues, swing, bebop, classical, big block chords, and delicate counterpoint are just some of Brubeck’s signature devices. Let’s “take five” of them for a closer look. . . .
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1. Blues
Many of Brubeck’s classic compositions were based on blues progressions, like “Sweet Cleo Brown,” a tribute to one of his great inspirations, blues singer Cleo Brown. Similarly, his solos were often infused with riffs drawn from the blues scale. Ex. 1 is a progression Brubeck typically used to end a blues.
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2. Stride
Some of Brubeck’s heroes were renowned for stride piano, like Duke Ellington, Earl “Fatha” Hines, Fats Waller, and Art Tatum. Brubeck’s large hands let him span big block chords with his right hand while playing wide walking tenthswith his left. “It’s a Raggy Waltz” combines elements of stride and ragtime in 3/4 time— one of his first forays into non-4/4 time signatures. Playing in 3/4 also let him superimpose another pulse over the beat—a polyrhythm—as in Ex. 2.
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3. Odd time signatures
Brubeck once famously stated, “I don’t think jazz should be in 4/4 time.” His use of metric subdivisions—seen here marked in groups—was the secret ingredient that made odd time signatures sound natural and swinging to the causal listener. These broke up the measure into more digestible rhythmic phrases of (usually) two or three notes. For example, “Take Five” is more accessible when you count its 5/4 time as “one two three, one two.” Exs. 3athrough 3e (left to right) illustrate this approach in various time signatures.
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4. Polyrhythms
Ex. 4 demonstrates Brubeck’s renowned use of polyrhythms, or playing in more than one rhythm at a time. The rhythmic grouping of five notes in the place of four is distributed between two hands, a technique that’s been picked up by such pianists as Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea.
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5. Polytonality
It was Brubeck’s older brother Howard, chairman of the music department at Palomar Junior College, who first suggested he study with French composer Darius Milhaud. During those studies, Brubeck began experimenting with polytonality—playing in more than one tonality at a time. While Brubeck is well known for his frequent display of fast pyrotechnics and dense textures, Ex. 5 exemplifies his use of space and openness.
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Signature Tunes
New to Brubeck? Here’s some required listening for getting to know his use of odd time signatures.
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Dave Brubeck - Take Five
Paul Desmond (alto sax), Joe Morello (drums), Eugene Wright (bass) and Dave Brubeck (piano) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT9Eh8wNMkw Live in Belgium 1964 Paul Desmond (alto sax), Joe Morello (drums), Eugene Wright (bass) and Dave Brubeck (piano)
New Dave Brubeck Biography, A Timely Reminder Of Jazz Piano Royalty
‘Dave Brubeck: A Life In Time’ looks at how the pianist’s life criss-crossed with countless jazz greats, and dives into some lesser-known areas of his life. Pianist David Warren Brubeck was born on 6 December 1920, in Concord, northeast of Oakland, and his centenary year is being recognised with an excellent, impressively detailed biography by Philip Clark (Dave Brubeck: A Life In Time, Da Capo Press), which explores the life and work of the musician, who died in 2012. Clark spent time on the road with Brubeck and his wife, Iola, in 2003 and the biography contains fascinating new material about a man who pushed the boundaries of jazz for six decades, influencing scores of popular music stars, including Ray Davies of The Kinks, Ray Manzarak of The Doors and Deep Purple’s Jon Lord. Sharp as a tack Brubeck’s life criss-crossed with countless talented contemporaries and A Life In Time contains a wealth of information about his touring partner Miles Davis (who recorded Brubeck’s song ‘In Your Own Sweet Way’ back in 1957), along with Cecil Taylor, Chet Baker, Shelly Manne, Art Blakey, Lee Konitz, Charlie Parker, Cal Tjader, Lennie Tristano, Jimmy Giuffre, Max Roach and Gerry Mulligan, with whom Brubeck recorded an entire album. The magnificent ‘Time Out’ and ‘Blue Rondo À La Turk’, both recorded in 1959, brought the Dave Brubeck Quartet international stardom – and they remain two jazz tunes that can be instantly recognised by members of the general public rather than diehard fans. There are interesting offbeat reminiscences in the biography. Brubeck tells the author that the controversial comedian Lenny Bruce used to babysit his son Darius (who also became a jazz musician) after the musician and comic appeared on the same bill at the Crescendo club in Hollywood. “Lenny and I became good friends,” said Brubeck. “I didn’t expect Lenny and Darius to get close, but they kind of gravitated toward each other and we thought, Well, OK, it’s fine with us if someone wants to take the kids off our hands for the afternoon. And Lenny took it very seriously and was completely responsible, I have to say.” Compared to the drug-taking excesses of some of his fellow jazz men, Brubeck seemed deeply conventional, but he was as sharp as a tack. He is quoted warning about gangsters who “worm their way past your defences”, adding that “Charlie Parker’s a sad example of what could happen” when people exploit the addictions of musicians. Defiant in the face of racism There are tales of Brubeck’s groundbreaking tours in the late 50s – he went to Poland and caught dysentery in Baghdad – and a moving account of his defiant attitude towards racism during an era of segregation. In 1960 he cancelled a promotional appearance on NBC’s hugely popular Bell Telephone Hour Show because the producers insisted that black bass player Eugene Wright would have to be out of shot. In 1964, Brubeck also openly defied the Ku Klux Klan at a gig held at the systematically racist University Of Alabama. Brubeck insisted that the band and audience be integrated – and he defied threats of violence and disruption from the KKK to play the concert to a mixed audience. The stand forced the university to allow integrated concerts from then on. Two giants of jazz – Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong – come out well in the book. Brubeck admired Armstrong and wrote a musical for him called The Real Ambassadors. Brubeck could not get word direct to the famous trumpeter so waited outside his Chicago hotel room to ask him to take part in a production of the show. “Eventually a waiter turned up with a tray of food, and when Louis opened and saw me there, he gave me a big smile and told the waiter that Mr Brubeck would be having the same as him – so one more steak, please,” the pianist recalled.
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Armstrong happily agreed to the project, a matter of lasting pride to Brubeck, who had grown up admiring the trumpeter as well as pianists such as Fats Waller and Teddy Wilson, who were Satchmo’s contemporaries. A move into composing Though Brubeck is associated with Colombia Records, A Life In Time tells the fascinating story of his move to Decca Records – and why he chose to move to that famous label in 1968 to record his extended choral and orchestral albums The Light In The Wilderness and The Gates Of Justice. “Now that Brubeck was interested in pursuing a career as a composer, he felt that Columbia had let him down,” writes Clark. Some of the music Decca recorded was composed by Brubeck in tribute to his nephew Philip, who had died from a brain tumour at 16. Columbia executive Teo Macero was upset to lose one of their top jazz stars, but he admitted in a company memo in October 1968 that Decca were “doing more” for Brubeck as a label – and talked wistfully about the merits of Blue Note and Verve in the jazz field. Brubeck went on composing, recording and performing for the next four decades before dying on 5 December 2012, a day before his 92nd birthday, on the way to a cardiology appointment. He left a magnificent jazz legacy that is well served by Clark’s impressive book. Dave Brubeck: A Life In Time, by Philip Clark, is published on 18 February 2020 by Da Capo Press in the US and Headline in the UK. Read the full article
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