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nullset2 · 6 years ago

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How to test a DHCP server locally

I have been working a lot with the DHCP protocol lately and I want to crystallize my knowledge in this article.

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and it's a communication protocol, in the same way that TCP/IP or UDP are protocols. It is an agreed standard for devices to communicate over the network, specialized in the problem domain of assigning IP addresses to devices on a network.

DHCP works on top of UDP, actually, which enables a connectionless model for DHCP to work: you don't need for things to maintain a sustained connection for DHCP to succeed.

DHCP works by sending a bunch of messages in binary data between the clients and the server. This binary data is sent in packets, known as datagrams in the UDP context.

Clients send messages to a DHCP server on UDP port 67/68, which usually has a process listening to socket connections on that port, understands then, and "runs the books" to assign IP addresses to devices. The DHCP server also is aware of what hosts are connected to the network, which IP addresses they currently have, and for how long those addresses will be applicable, and many other things. These "IP address grants" are known as leases.

If we dissect the data that gets sent in a message over DHCP, it looks like this:

The first four octets are the header of the message, similar to HTTP headers if you're familiar with them, followed by 4 octets for the transaction id (xid). These fields change depending on the kind of connection the client is trying to get to the network (for example, MAC addresses work differently if they're ethernet or wireless) among other things.

The next 4 octets (up to the "flags" rectangle on that diagram) are data used to identify what kind of DHCP message we're dealing with and other bookeeping information (more on that on the next section)).

Then you get 16 octets to hold ip addresses: your, client, server, and gateway. Then, 16 more, to hold the MAC address of the client. A MAC is commonly a series of hex numbers that are unique to each device in the world (though they can be easily spoofable and it doesn't really matter if they're not truly unique).

The rest of the space is basically overflow space, which can be used for custom DHCP options or legacy info. And finally you get to one of the very most important pieces of info: the DHCP Options.

The DHCP Options cover the rest of the message and its usage depends on the particular implementation of DHCP that you're using, with different lengths and offsets. There's a lot of different DHCP server implementations out there that do different things with the information that you send on the DHCP options. Some even expect custom DHCP options from their clients --however this article will not cover these, instead adapting to the standard options mentioned in the IEEE: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2131.txt

The basic "handshake" that occurs in DHCP is known as the Discover-Offer-Request-Accept loop, mnemonically abbreviated DORA. This means that, to successfully get an IP address from a DHCP server your client has to have completed the DORA handshake.

This loop works, roughly, like this:

The client sends a DISCOVER message (DHCPDISCOVER) by generating a message with DHCP Option 53 set to 1, as in, hex 1.

The server separates an IP address for the client, and responds to this message with an OFFER (DHCPDISCOVER), which includes the reserved IP address in the message.

Once the client has an offer, it should REQUEST (DHCPREQUEST) the IP from the server. This creates a lease and makes the client claim the IP for itself.

Finally, the DHCP client ACKNOWLEDGEs (DHCPACKNOWLEDGE) the request. All is right with the world.

Note: there's other message types in the DHCP standard, but for now we won't concern outselves with them ;)

But enough chit-chat, let's test your DHCP server! The following will assume that the server is running on 11.1.0.1, on an isolated network interface, on port 67 or 68, so adjust accordingly if you're using this for your own purposes.

To this, we'll use good old netcat to shuttle the data, but what data, you may ask? Let's craft us some DHCP messages with good ol' Ruby:

gem install net-dhcp

What if we do fuckin' irb?:

irb(main):001:0> require 'net/dhcp' => true irb(main):002:0> DHCP::Discover.new => #<:discover:0x00000001380828>, #<:parameterrequestlistoption:0x00000001380648>], @htype=1, @hlen=6, @hops=0, @xid=3735286446, @secs=0, @flags=0, @ciaddr=0, @yiaddr=0, @siaddr=0, @giaddr=0, @chaddr=[10, 0, 39, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], @sname=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], @fname=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]>

Nice! Do you see that deliciousnesss right there? omakase all up in this shit! Net::DHCP has a bunch of subclasses representing the DHCP message types and options, such as:

DHCP::Discover

DHCP::Offer

DHCP::Request

DHCP::Acknowledge

Which you can instantiate and modify to your heart's desires.

And even sweeter, all of these have sane defaults, that set up an object to the correct state, so you don't have to!

"But, Alfredo!", you may ask, longingly, pensively, trying to get my attention, "this is just an object in ruby and I need to serialize it to send it over the wire!"

Well, just use pack, dude:

irb(main):003:0> DHCP::Discover.new.pack => "\x01\x01\x06\x00\xE7'\xCE\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\n\x00'\x00\x00\n\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00c\x82Sc5\x01\x017\x04\x01\x03\x06\x0F\xFF\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"

If I were you, I'd take all of this, and... start getting it in a script somewhere which outputs this to standard output... and put that script somewhere in my $PATH... but that's just me ;)

(Protip: before starting you probably want to tcpdump for traffic on port 67 or 68 so you can see how your messages are landing:

sudo tcpdump -s0 -A -i any -X 'port 67 or port 68'

Now, take your nice output and pipe it to netcat through the standard input. I like to use echo -ne because it inteprets whatever has a backslash. Easy~!

echo -ne "\x01\x01\x06\x00\xE7'\xCE\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\n\x00'\x00\x00\n\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00c\x82Sc5\x01\x017\x04\x01\x03\x06\x0F\xFF\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" | nc -u 11.1.0.1 67 -1-w 1

And booyah:

tcpdump: listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes 10:22:57.679288 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 255, id 28731, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 328) 11.1.0.1.59229 > 11.1.0.1.bootps: [bad udp cksum 3df7!] UDP, length 300 0x0000: 4500 0148 703b 4000 ff11 f465 0b01 0001 E..Hp;@....e.... 0x0010: 0b01 0001 e75d 0043 0134 1749 0101 0600 .....].C.4.I.... 0x0020: e727 ce03 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .'.............. 0x0030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0a00 2700 000a 0000 ..........'..... 0x0040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0060: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0070: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0080: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0090: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x00a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x00b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x00c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x00d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x00e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x00f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0100: 0000 0000 0000 0000 6382 5363 3501 0137 ........c.Sc5..7 0x0110: 0401 0306 0fff 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0120: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0130: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 0x0140: 0000 0000 0000 0000 ........

So... once you know that your DHCP server has allocated an address for you, request it with DHCP::Request. Should be a really simple exercise at this point: the rest of the exercise is left to the student as practice ;)

#DHCP #Ruby #Netcat #networking #howto

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halliwellxx-blog · 8 years ago

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Endless Gems And Gold

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#clash royale

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cryptoquicknews-blog · 6 years ago

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New Post has been published here https://is.gd/BJOHkG

The Security Token Market Needs Better Lingo

This post was originally published here

Andrew “Drew” Hinkes is a co-founder and the general counsel of Athena Blockchain, and an adjunct professor at the NYU Stern School of Business and NYU School of Law.

Lost in the ICO frenzy of 2017 was a curious issuance.

In April of that year, Blockchain Capital raised $10m for its third fund, a “tokenized VC fund.” Unlike most ICOs that purposely avoided regulatory compliance, this was a compliant U.S. security, issued as a token.

This was the beginning of an expected wave of so-called “tokenized” securities that will offer legally compliant securities as tokens – a change that will increase demand for and trading liquidity in these securities by leveraging blockchain and smart contract technology to automate aspects of trading, and will enable these instruments to offer new, useful features expected to increase their value to issuers and purchasers alike.

Under U.S. law, a variety of financial instruments are included in the definition of a security, including stocks (i.e. equity), bonds (i.e. debt), and investment contracts (recall that the SEC considers some ICOs to be investment contracts). Although public company equity trading on national stock exchanges like the NYSE and NASDAQ may be familiar to most investors, a variety of regulatory exemptions allow issuers to sell securities without becoming public and subject to expensive public reporting obligations. These so-called “private placements” of securities use regulatory exemptions, depending on the issuance, that may limit the amount of money raised, the universe of potential buyers, and the marketing of those investments.

Despite these limitations, private placement equity “rounds” are a popular choice for start-ups. Fast-growing and capital-intensive companies often use private placements to raise growth capital while remaining private; about 270 “unicorn” companies worth more than $1 billion have chosen to remain private. Most tokenized securities, at least initially, will be private placements.

Private placements accounted for more than $2.4 trillion in debt and equity securities issued in the United States in 2017 alone. This number dwarfs even the frothiest time of the ICO market by orders of magnitude. Unlike ICOs, which provided value as an arbitrage against regulation, which typically failed to provide legally required disclosures to purchasers, and which generally offered a future right to a product or service rights to their purchasers, tokenized securities will comply with the law, and at least initially, fall into one of a few categories or types.

A clear understanding of those types and the rights provided to their buyers is critical to understand why tokenizing securities will improve their utility, features, and marketability.

A proposed taxonomy

“Security token offering,” or STO, was coined to distinguish a regulatorily compliant token offering from earlier ICOs which mostly ignored compliance. STO, however, fails to capture the nuanced differences among the types of securities to be sold as tokens.

To clarify the discussion, I propose the following terms to be used to describe the various types of tokenized securities that already exist, or that are expected to be developed:

1. Security-wrapped ICOs, a/k/a SICOs. These are “network assets” or “utility tokens” of the ICO generation that are offered pursuant to registration exemptions so that their offering complies with U.S. law. SICOs typically do not offer debt (an enforceable promise to repay) or equity (i.e. a proportional share of ownership, dividend right, participation in issuer governance) rights to their buyers, and often provide minimal investor protection, offer minimal issuer disclosures, and afford limited recourse against the issuer. These assets are natively digital unless offered as a secondary product to be distributed by the issuer pursuant to a simple agreement for future tokens (SAFT) or similar agreement.

2. Tokenized Equity or Debt, a/k/a TEDs. These are traditional securities (i.e. equity/debt) issued in digital token form. These products are identical to traditional private placements except that they are issued in token form, rather than in the form of a spreadsheet entry, or a piece of paper. These instruments will eventually incorporate new features and functionalities like direct-to-holder data reporting, and interactive governance.

3. Tokenized Asset-Backed Securities, a/k/a TABS. These are digital tokens that represent an ownership claim against, or ownership share in, an asset or pool of assets. This category includes products based on a claim against metals, gems, commodities, securities, real estate, art, unique goods, and other assets maintained by the issuer or issuer’s designee.

4. Transactional Security Instruments, a/k/a TSIs. These assets are securities, issued in token form, that may be redeemed or accepted by the issuer or the issuer’s designee in direct exchange for products or services. The process of redemption or acceptance of these instruments allows an issuer to directly retire debt or redeem equity in exchange for the performance of services or provision of goods for the investor. Although these products do not yet exist, and would require updates to certain securities laws to implement, they represent a new asset class which may be enabled by tokenization of securities.

STOs != ICOs

Leaving aside the types of tokenized securities expected, the market should understand other significant ways that tokenized securities vary from ICOs.

1. Most securities are not bearer instruments. Tokenizing a security will not make it into a bearer instrument. Issuers of securities are obligated to track ownership of, and in certain cases, replace lost or destroyed shares of securities; this obligation will continue for securities in token form.

2. Private placements are not freely traded. Transactions of securities require the participation of either (a) broker dealers, (b) alternative trading systems (ATS), or (c) national stock exchanges. The issuer of securities stands to potentially lose its exemption from registration and to be forced to become a public reporting company if its securities are traded in violation of these restrictions. Thus, tokenized securities will be created on either (a) private blockchains that are controlled by the issuer, or (b) public blockchains subject to restrictive code that allows an issuer to control and track transactions of these assets.

3. “ICO advisors” or “ICO consultants” should not participate in the structuring or offering (i.e. marketing for sale) of securities unless they have appropriate licenses. Generally, consultants who previously designed “token economies” or the “tokenomics” of ICOs will be replaced by Registered Representatives of broker-dealers who will perform “structuring” or the design of the security, and placement of those securities in compliance with relevant law. These Registered Representatives are licensed to perform these services by passing FINRA and or NASAA financial securities exams (i.e. “Series” exams). Issuers of tokenized securities may rely upon technical service providers and may obtain assistance for internal technical design but generally should structure, market, and place their securities through Registered Representatives of broker-dealers to avoid violating US law.

Although STOs are often hyped as the latest coming of ICOs on crypto social media, they are different products that must be handled differently.

Dictionary image via Shutterstock.

#crypto #cryptocurrency #btc #xrp #litecoin #altcoin #money #currency #finance #news #alts #hodl #coindesk #cointelegraph #dollar #bitcoin View the website

New Post has been published here https://is.gd/BJOHkG

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phgq · 6 years ago

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Quezon City DRRMC tops 21st Gawad Kalasag for highly urbanized city

#PHinfo: Quezon City DRRMC tops 21st Gawad Kalasag for highly urbanized city

Quezon City Mayor Joy Belmonte and QC DRRRMC headed by Karl Michael Marasigan receive the Gawad KALASAG for highly urbanized city. Also in photo are Defense Sec. Delfin Lorenzana, DILG Usec. Bernardo Florece Jr., OCD ADminsitrator Ricardo Jalad also the executive director NDRRMC, Director John Lim Tecson, OCD Policy Development & Planning Service. (Photo by Joedie Mae D. Boliver/PIA-NCR)

PASAY CITY, Dec. 9, (PIA)--Quezon City bested Angeles City and Iloilo City in this year’s Gawad Kalasag in highly urbanized city category

The City’s Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council was cited for implementing programs and policies that address the four thematic areas: disaster mitigation and prevention, response, preparedness, and rehabilitation and recovery.

Other winners in the National Capital Region in other categories are: Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System & Tzu Chi Foundation (Gawad Kalasag Special Recognition); Barangay Arkong Bato, Valenzuela City (finalist Urban Barangay DRRM Committee Award); People 360 Consulting Corporation (Best Volunteer Organization); Philippine Children’s Medical Center (Government Specialty Hospital Awardee); and Xavier School (Private Elementary School Aawardee).

Barangay Arkong Bato, Valenzuela City, finalist Urban Barangay DRRM Committee Award (Photo by Joedie Mae D. Boliver/PIA-NCR)

The 21st Gawad KALASAG (KAlamidad at Sakuna LAbanan, SAriling Galing ang Kaligtasan) Awarding Ceremony was held Friday, December 6 at the Philippine International Convention Center in recognition of exemplary efforts in empowering communities to be capacitated and disaster resilient,

The GK Award is conferred to local government units, civil society organizations, schools, private sectors, hospitals, development centers and individuals who exemplified excellence in disaster risk reduction and management and humanitarian assistance.

Defense Secretary and NDRRMC Chairperson Delfin Lorenzana in his keynote address acknowledged the efforts of the national winners and promised to continue empowering and strengthening the DRRM system in communities to make people resilient in all kinds of disasters.

People 360 Consulting Corporation (Best Volunteer Organization) (Photo by Joedie Mae D. Boliver/PIA-NCR)

“More than the prestige and incentives, the very essence of Gawad KALASAG is the ultimate gift of preparedness and resilience to the communities that makes everyone a winner.” Lorenzana stressed.

DILG Undersecretary Bernardo C. Florece, Jr., also cited the importance of the Gawad KALASAG in building national resilience and encouraged winners to pursue excellence in humanitarian assistance and disaster risk reduction and mitigation.

Xavier School (Private Elementary School Aawardee) (Photo by Joedie Mae D. Boliver/PIA-NCR)

“I implore everyone to honor the tradition of Kalasag and keep everyone safe for many years to come,"Florece said.

Gawad KALASAG is the country’s premier annual awards for excellent contributions in DRRM and humanitarian assistance. Through this, the NDRRMC recognizes programs, activities and projects that protect high risk communities against hazards and provide more capabilities in addressing vulnerabilities and coping from disasters.

Philippine Children’s Medical Center (Government Specialty Hospital Awardee) (Photo by Joedie Mae D. Boliver/PIA-NCR)

The following are the winners for the 21st Gawad KALASAG six major categories:

Heroic Act and Special Recognition Awardees:

Individual

Regalado Francisco – MIMAROPA

Group

18th Special Forces Company-MIMAROPA

Tactical Operations Group 3 PAF – Region 3

The Gallant 31 of the Ilocos Sur PDRRMC – Region 1

GAWAD KALASAG SPECIAL RECOGNITION

Individual Awardees

Mr. Hilario M. Olivo, Jr. – Region 1

Engr. Joseph Salvador Tan – Region 2

Pauline Ann M. Lamela – Region 6

Ben Frederick R. Rodriguez – Region 7

Dr. Arturo G. Valero – Region 12

TSG Jake P Belino PAF – CAR

Group Awardees

Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System –NCR

Kabalikat Civicom, Novo, Nueva Viscaya – Region 2

Early Response Network– Lanao Del Sur– BARRM

Tzu Chi Foundation–NCR

Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation

LOCAL DRRMC CATEGORIES

Urban Barangay DRRM Committee Awardees

Quezon, Mainit, Surigao del Norte –Caraga- Finalist

Arkong Bato, Valenzuela –NCR- Finalist

Naggasican, Santiago City – Region 2 -Top winner

Rural Barangay DRRMC Awardee

Dingin, Pagsanjan, Laguna – Calabarzon- Finalist

Poblacion, Compostela Valley – Region 11 Finalist

Buenavista, Santiago City – Region 2 -Top winner

Municipal DRRMC (4th to 6th Class) Awardee

San Gabriel, La Union – Region 1 Finalist

Mainit, Surigao del Norte – Caraga Finalist

Saguday, Quirino – Region 2 Top Winner

Municipal DRRMC (1st to 3rd Class) Awardees

Baler, Aurora – Region 3 Finalist

New Bataan, Compostela Valley – Region 11 Finalist

La Trinidad, Benguet – Region CAR Top Winner

Highly Urbanized City DRRMC Awardees

Iloilo City – Region 6 Finalist

Angeles City – Region 3 Finalist

Quezon City – Region NCR Top Winner

Independent/Component City DRRMC Awardee

Bacoor City, Cavite – Region 4A Finalist

Cauayan City, Isabela – Region 2 Finalist

City of San Fernando, Pampanga – Region 3 Top Winner

Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Awardee

Mountain Province –CAR Finalist

Province of Quirino – Region 2 Top Winner

Best Civil Society Organization Category

Center for Empowerment and Resource Development (CERD), Inc. –Caraga- Finalist

Socio Pastoral Action Center of Daet Foundation, Inc. (SPACFI) – Region 5 -Finalist

Ecosystems Work For Essential Benefits (ECOWEB) – Region 10 – Top winner

Best People’s Organization Awardee

NAGSAMA Federation - Marihatag, Surigao del Sur –Caraga- Finalist

KAMI Sunoi, Inc. – Region 6 Top Winner

BEST VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATION CATEGORY

Private Business/Corporation Awardee

People 360 Consulting Corporation – NCR Top Winner

Volunteer Organization Awardee

United Medics Emergency Response Team – Region 8 Finalist

Tanay Mountaineers – Region Calabarzon- Finalist

Amity Volunteer Fire Brigade - Region 6 Top Winner

Amity Volunteer Fire Brigade - Region 6, Hall of Fame Award

GAWAD KALASAG FOR HOSPITALS

Government Specialty Awardees

Philippine Children’s Medical Center - NCR Finalist

Mariveles Mental Hospital – Region 3 Top Winner

Local Government Unit Hospital Awardees

Bunawan District Hospital - Region CARAGA Finalist

J.R. Borja Hospital – Region 10 Finalist

Biliran Provincial Hospital – Region 8 Top Winner

National Government Hospital Award

Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center – Region 1 Finalist Batangas Medical Center – Region CALABARZON Finalist

Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital – Region 5 Top Winner

Private Hospital Award

Callang Specialty Clinic – Region 2 Finalist

St. Anthony College of Roxas City Inc. – Region 6 Top Winner

Gawad Kalasag for Children Development Centers (CDC)

San Lorenzo Ruiz Daycare - Region 12- Top Winner

Wilson Early Childhood Care Development Learning Center – Caraga- Finalist

Brgy. 18 Child Development Center, Gingoog City – Region10 Finalist

GAWAD KALASAG FOR SCHOOLS

Public Elementary School Awardees

Alas Asin Elementary School – Region 3 Top Winner

Marbel 1 Central Elementary School – Region 12 Finalist

Rabat Rocamora Mati Central SPED – Region11 Finalist

Private Elementary School Awardees

Ephiphany Christian Academy of La Trinidad Inc. – CAR Finalist

Xavier School – NCR Top Winner

Public High School Awardees

Bayugan National Comprehensive High School – Caraga- Top Winner

Imus National High School – Calabarzon-Finalist

Bienvenido G. Celebre National High School – Region 8- Finalist

Private High School Awardees

St. Mary’s University, HS – Region 2 Top Winner

Sacred Heart of Jesus Montessori School - Region 10 Finalist

GAWAD KALASAG FOR HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

Capiz State University – Region 6 Top Winner

University of San Carlos – Region 7 Finalist

University of Cordilleras – Region CAR Finalist

GAWAD KALASAG FOR SPECIAL RECOGNITION – GOVERNMENT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Davao Central 911 Top Winner

Gems Award Rescue 1124 Ilagan City- Finalist

Pagsanjan Emergency Rescue- Finalist

(PIA-NCR)

***

References:

* Philippine Information Agency. "Quezon City DRRMC tops 21st Gawad Kalasag for highly urbanized city." Philippine Information Agency. https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1031457 (accessed December 10, 2019 at 03:33PM UTC+08).

* Philippine Infornation Agency. "Quezon City DRRMC tops 21st Gawad Kalasag for highly urbanized city." Archive Today. https://archive.ph/?run=1&url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1031457 (archived).

#Philippines #News #Filipino #Pinoy #Tourism #Politics #Culture #Editorial #Environment #Society #History

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usajobsite · 6 years ago

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IT Automation Manager CIM/MES - Singapore

SingaporePermanentResponsibilitiesResponsible for MES, CIM and Factory Automation technical development, review and policy governance.Lead trouble-shooting and problem solving related to Factory operations floor.Analyze and implement improvement opportunity to enhance automation systems in support of business strategyCoordinate, supervise and develop internal IT staffManagement of vendor and business ROI.Set priority for team in IT development initiatives and propose timeline in a cost effective manner.Adhere to Security, Governance and Compliance to IT process policy.Develop internal strength and resources to support organization growth for Industry 4.0.Manages operation efficiency and TCO.RequirementsDegree in Electronic Engineering, Computer Science, Infomation Technology or relevant fieldsMinimum of 10-12 years of experience, 5 years being in a management roleExperience in MES and Factory AutomationProficient knowledge in application development and IT process managementGood SECS/GEM knowledgeVisual Studio .Net development skillsDatabase knowledge (SQL commands, data accessing etc)A good team player, possessing good communication and interpersonal skillsStrong analytical and problem solving skills IT-Automation-Manager-(CIMMES)---Singapore from Job Portal https://www.jobisite.com/ext/612918-IT-Automation-Manager-CIMMES---Singapore

#Job Portal

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upasnaagarwal-blog · 6 years ago

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Cooling Tower Market worth USD 2.88 Billion USD by 2020

The Cooling Tower Market was USD 2.24 Billion in 2014 and is projected to reach USD 2.87 Billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 4.2% from 2015 to 2020. In this study, 2014 has been considered as the base year, while the forecast period has been considered from 2015 to 2020.

Download PDF Brochure @ https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=268219049

Cooling Tower value chain consists of manufacturers such as Baltimore Aircoil Company Inc. (U.S.) and Enexio (Germany), Hamon & Cie International SA (Belgium), and others. The next step in the value chain consists of distribution and marketing of cooling towers to particular end-use industries such as Power Generation, Petrochemical and Oil & Gas, Food & Beverage and others.

The main objective of the study is to define, describe, and forecast the cooling tower market based on type, application, Construction Material and Design, and region. The report includes detailed information about the major factors, such as drivers, restraints, opportunities, and industry specific challenges influencing the growth of the market. The report strategically analyzes the market segments with respect to individual growth trends, growth prospects, and contribution to the total market. In the report, the cooling tower market has been studied for regions, namely, North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

In this report, the market sizes have been derived through various research methodologies. In the secondary research process, different sources have been referred to, to identify and collect information for this study on the cooling tower market. These secondary sources include annual reports, press releases, and investor presentations of companies; associations such as Cooling Technology Institute (CTI), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Securities And Exchange Commission (SEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and white papers, certified publications, and articles from recognized authors. In the primary research process, sources from both supply and demand sides have been interviewed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information for this report.

Speak to Analyst @ https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/speaktoanalystNew.asp?id=268219049

The bottom-up approach has been used to estimate the market size, in terms of value. The top-down approach has been implemented to validate the market size, in terms of value. With the data triangulation procedure and validation of data through primaries, exact values of the sizes of the overall parent market and individual markets have been determined and confirmed in this study.

Scope of the Report

The report forecasts revenue growth and provides an analysis of trends in each of the subsegments of the cooling tower market. This research report categorizes the market based on the following:

Cooling Tower Market, By Type:

· Evaporative Cooling Tower

· Dry Cooling Tower

· Hybrid Cooling Tower

Cooling Tower Market, By Construction Material and Design

· Cooling Tower Market, By Construction Material

· Cooling Tower Market, By Design

· Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower

· Natural Draft Cooling Tower

Cooling Tower Market, By Application:

· Chemicals

· Petrochemicals and oil & gas

· HVACR

· Food & beverages

· Power generation

· Others

Direct Purchase [139 Pages Report] @ https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Purchase/purchase_reportNew.asp?id=268219049

List of Figures (56 Figures):

Figure 1 Cooling Tower Market: Research Design

Figure 2 Market Size Estimation: Bottom-Up Approach

Figure 3 Market Size Estimation: Top-Down Approach

Figure 4 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

Figure 5 Dry Cooling Tower to Be the Fastest-Growing Segment in the Cooling Tower Market During the Forecast Period

Figure 6 Power Generation Application Segment Will Continue to Dominate the Cooling Towers Market

Figure 7 HVACR Application Segment of Cooling Towers Market to Grow at the Highest Rate, 2015–2020

Figure 8 Asia-Pacific is the Fastest-Growing Region for Cooling Tower Market

Figure 9 Attractive Opportunities in Cooling Towers Market, 2015–2020

Figure 10 Asia-Pacific: the Largest Market for Cooling Tower in Majority of Application in 2014

About MarketsandMarkets

MarketsandMarkets is world’s No. 2 firm in terms of annually published premium market research reports. Serving 1700 global fortune enterprises with more than 1200 premium studies in a year, M&M is catering to multitude of clients across 8 different industrial verticals. We specialize in consulting assignments and business research across high growth markets, cutting edge technologies and newer applications. Our 850 fulltime analyst and SMEs at MarketsandMarkets are tracking global high growth markets following the "Growth Engagement Model – GEM". The GEM aims at proactive collaboration with the clients to identify new opportunities, identify most important customers, write "Attack, avoid and defend" strategies, identify sources of incremental revenues for both the company and its competitors. M&M’s flagship competitive intelligence and market research platform, "RT" connects over 200,000 markets and entire value chains for deeper understanding of the unmet insights along with market sizing and forecasts of niche markets. The new included chapters on Methodology and Benchmarking presented with high quality analytical infographics in our reports gives complete visibility of how the numbers have been arrived and defend the accuracy of the numbers. We at MarketsandMarkets are inspired to help our clients grow by providing apt business insight with our huge market intelligence repository.

Contact:

Mr. Shelly Singh

Markets and Markets

Tower No - B5

Magarpatta city, Hadapsar

Pune, Maharashtra 411013, India

1-888-600-6441

Email: [email protected]

#Cooling Tower #Cooling Towers Market #Cooling Towers Industry #Cooling Towers Report #Cooling Towers Types #Cooling Towers Analysis #Cooling Towers Research

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click2watch · 6 years ago

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The Security Token Market Needs Better Lingo

Andrew “Drew” Hinkes is a co-founder and the general counsel of Athena Blockchain, and an adjunct professor at the NYU Stern School of Business and NYU School of Law.

Lost in the ICO frenzy of 2017 was a curious issuance.

A clear understanding of those types and the rights provided to their buyers is critical to understand why tokenizing securities will improve their utility, features, and marketability.

A proposed taxonomy

To clarify the discussion, I propose the following terms to be used to describe the various types of tokenized securities that already exist, or that are expected to be developed:

STOs != ICOs

Leaving aside the types of tokenized securities expected, the market should understand other significant ways that tokenized securities vary from ICOs.

Although STOs are often hyped as the latest coming of ICOs on crypto social media, they are different products that must be handled differently.

Dictionary image via Shutterstock.

This news post is collected from CoinDesk

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createinventorysystem-blog · 7 years ago

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Characteristics General Practitioner Inventory Barcode Scanning and also Automation Notes

Here you commonly prepare to release Barcode Scanning as well as identify checked code upload combination factors in Great Plains. Our approach is in so-called Solutions, where we provide tested custom-made code for tuning as well as implementation in your one-of-a-kind Logistics, Storehouse Monitoring, Consignment, Manufacturing setting:

1. Barcoding in Dynamics General Practitioner. Every Great Plains display where you have key-board input fields could be automated with Barcodes scanning. Considering the opportunity of unique company procedures and also barcode integration requirements, you could encounter the circumstance, when existing Barcoding Add-Ons do refrain from doing specifically just what you require as well as you do not want further personalize these items. This is why existing codes reassembly or "Option" may be a lot more practical escape.

2. Normal Barcoding circumstances in Dynamics GP. You normally wish to publish barcode labels after merchandise receipts in Order Processing module, automate Inventory Cycle matter, Factor of Sale purchases, Inter Website Stock Transfers, Packing Slips and Selecting Tickets. Barcoding reasoning could be made complex with variable weight products (food processing as well as retail), Whole lot or Identification number items (Precious jewelry, Souvenirs, Antiquity, Gems, Arts Galleries, Delicatessen Shops, and so on).

3. Real-Time versus Set setting Barcode integration. In the majority of the cases, you do not need real-time split second scanned info upload to Dynamics General Practitioner, indicating that you could review as well as keep the whole batch of records in the scanner memory then publish it later on to General Practitioner. If you determine to deploy Barcode servers, you can attempt actual time integration, when barcoding web server is setting off upload or is reviewed by General Practitioner every couple of secs.

You naturally desire to publish barcode labels after merchandise receipts in Acquisition Order Processing component, automate Supply Cycle matter, Factor of Sale purchases, Inter-Site Supply Transfers; Loading Slips as well as Picking Tickets. If you decide to deploy Barcode servers, you can attempt real-time integration, when barcoding server is causing upload or is reviewed by GP every couple of secs. Check this source to learn more.

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otcsocialnetwork · 7 years ago

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$RBIZ UPDATED DD W/ MANAGEMENT

Current Share Structure. OS is MAXED, which means no further dilution without an AS increase PENBROOK MANAGEMENT (Institutional buyer) $$$ flowing into $RBIZ is HUGE! https://fintel.io/soh/us/rbiz/penbrook-management-llc https://fintel.io/i/penbrook-management-llc I believe investors are overlooking the $RBIZ IR firm, MKR Group. Take a look at what they’ve done for other OTC companies and the praise given to them by respected businessmen traded on major exchanges. This IR firm seems to know a gem when they see it and they know how to properly get a OTC company upflited. One cannot argue the contracts we have, it’s all right there in the filings. Would the SEC allow a CT Order for an SEC filer if it wasn’t all legitimate? I think not. In fact, I will begin to walk you through what’s covered under the CT Order so investors can understand what was given the Confidential Treatment or CT Order. This is important because the Commission now releases orders relating to applications for confidential treatment of certain information otherwise required to be included in filed documents. The Divisions of Corporation Finance and Investment Management issue these orders pursuant to delegated authority. After showing the contracts are legit, I will prove they are also being fullfilled. I took a screenshot of the beginning portion of exhibit 10.25 && 10.26 so investors can see what the exhibits are for. I encourage investors who haven’t, go read the 10-k in its entirely. It may help you better understand the legitimacy of $RBIZ and where it’s headed in the near future. https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/ctorders.htm SEC CT order for Exhibits 10.25 && 10.26 CT Order 10.25. Beef Contract https://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/RBIZ/news/RealBiz-Awarded-78-Million-Contract-To-Deliver-Beef-to-the-Middle-East?id=147791 CT Order 10.26. Disney Distribution https://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/RBIZ/news/RealBiz-Media-Group-Verus-Foods-Announces-Exclusive-Juice-Distribution-Agreement-with-The-Walt-Disney-Co-in-the-United-A?id=170497 Now that we can see the contracts are legit, lets see them being fulfilled, right investors?!?! Well here ya’ go, contracts are indeed being fulfilled. $RBIZ Mangement Anshu Bhatnagar – Chief Executive Officer and Chairman Anshu Bhatnagar has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board since January 2, 2017. In addition, Mr. Bhatnagar is a food distribution veteran and previously was the Chief Executive Officer of American Agro Group, an international trading and distribution company that specialized in exporting agricultural commodities and food products from 2012 to 2016. Mr. Bhatnagar was also a Managing Member of Blue Capital Group, a real estate oriented multi-family office focused on acquiring, developing, and managing commercial real estate as well as investing in operating businesses from 2008 to 2016. He has also owned, operated and sold other successful businesses in technology, construction and waste management. The Board believes Mr. Bhatnagar is qualified to serve as a member of the Board because of his extensive business experience. Anshu Bhatnagar is a highly accomplished senior executive focused on private equity, real estate and running operating business across multiple industries. Mr. Bhatnagar is a visionary, successful serial entrepreneur with numerous profitable, global businesses to his credit. Well-versed in all aspects of real estate acquisition and disposition, development, financing, leasing and operation and has broad experience across many sectors of real estate – hospitality, office, retail, multi-family, industrial and single family residential. He has a solid track record of developing and implementing strategic business plans that govern daily operations, position in the market, and ultimate disposition. Mr. Bhatnagar has an exceptional career production – managed commercial real estate portfolios in excess of $1.0B, executed over 100 debt and equity transactions, sponsored a highly successful private real estate fund and a mezzanine debt fund. Michael O’Gorman – Director Michael O’Gorman has served as a member of our Board since August 11, 2017. Mr. O’Gorman has over 35 years of successful food brokerage, food manufacturing, project management, finance and legal experience in the international arena. Since 1982, Mr. O’Gorman has also served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Crassus Group of companies, includes entities whose subsidiaries specialize in sourcing and marketing all natural, healthy food and consumer products. In addition, from 1976 to 1979 he served as Chief of Staff in both the House of Representatives and U.S. Senate. He has firsthand experience with agriculture since he has owned and operated a 252-acre farm where he raised both crops and Black Angus cattle. Mr. O’Gorman has spent a number of years working at major international law firms as well serving as a Member of the Corporate Law Department, Director of Litigation Support Group of Peabody International Corporation, Fortune 100 NYSE from 1979 to 1986. Mr. O’Gorman received his JD with a concentration in international law from the University of Connecticut, MBA in international finance from Fairleigh Dickinson University and BS in organic chemistry from St. Peters College. The Board believes Mr. O’Gorman is qualified to serve as a member of the Board because of his experience in agriculture and the food industry. Thomas Butler Fore – Director Thomas Butler Fore has served as a member of our Board since August 11, 2017. Mr. Fore is a multi-faceted entrepreneur and executive with experience in numerous categories of business, including real estate, media, personal care products and fashion. He has served as Chief Executive Officer of Sora Development, an award winning real estate development firm focused on large mixed-use projects with a specialty in public-private partnerships since 2007. In addition, from 2012 he served as Chief Executive Officer of Tiderock Media, a film production company and in 2014 he founded Digital2go Media Networks where he also served as a member of its board. Mr. Fore is also involved as an advisor and partner in numerous other enterprises in media, real estate and consumer products. Mr. Fore received his BA from Towson University. The Board believes Mr. Fore is qualified to serve as a member of the Board because of his background and experience in the industry. Piyush Munot – CFO of Operations in Middle East, Africa && Asia Piyush Munot has more than 18 years of total work experience including over a decade in the Corporate Finance & Advisory field. Prior to joining Al Masah Capital, Piyush worked at Al Dahra Holding, a food and agriculture dedicated sovereign wealth fund focusing on Fund Management & Investments. In addition, he also worked at KPMG for 7 years in their Business Valuations and M & A division. Piyush holds a Bachelors of Commerce from Narsee Monjee College in Mumbai, India, is a Certified Public Accountant from USA and an Executive MBA from the Indian Institute of Management. CEO’s words on CFO hiring; “In just the last few months, we have added an independent board, a very experienced CFO from a multibillion dollar public company. Bringing in Piyush Munot as CFO to oversee our operations in the Middle East, Africa and Asia is a tremendous hire. We don’t expect most investors to know some of the companies in the region, but Piyush was recently Group Finance Controller at a Division of Al Dahra Holdings, one of the leading sovereign wealth fund agri businesses in the UAE. He has worked at major accounting firms such as KPMG and PWC, and is a US certified public accountant. He is also a great addition to our team and will help seamlessly integrate our overseas operations into our corporate accounting structure here in the US.” http://dlvr.it/QgfByx

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ashleydpalmerusa · 7 years ago

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All the Gory Details From the Indictment of Former KPMG Partners

If you’re not one of the six accountants who was criminally or civilly charged today, then you’re having a good Monday. And if you’re still not convinced, let’s peruse the details from the criminal indictment so you can feel better about yourself.

The allegations paint a pretty sad picture of some prominent audit professionals at KPMG, one of the world’s most prestigious accounting firms, going far, far out of their way to gain an edge on the PCAOB inspection process. The U.S. Attorney says they committed crimes, the SEC says they committed civil offenses, but hey, we’re not here to pass judgment, just to pick through the details of this amazing account.

To be clear, the details listed below are from the criminal indictment and not the SEC orders. If there are important details in the SEC orders that we’ve miss here, let us know and we’ll highlight them.

First, let’s set the stage. In 2013 and 2014 KPMG was struggling with PCAOB inspections. The indictment notes “approximately twice as many comments as the average number of comments received by KPMG’s competitors.” Naturally, it wanted to improve upon those results, so it took some action, including “recruit[ing] and hir[ing] former PCAOB personnel” retaining a “data analytics firm” to assist in predicting which audits would be selected for inspection and “implementing a financial incentive system that award bonuses to members of engagement teams that received no comments during an inspection.”

Next, the players: Brian Sweet and Cynthia Holder were two of the PCAOB employees that wound up at KPMG as a partner and executive director, respectively. A third PCAOB employee, Jeffrey Wada, wanted a job with KPMG, but the crap hit the fan before that could happen.

As for KPMG, partners in this story include:

David Middendorf, the head of the firm’s Department of Professional Practice (DPP) and National Managing Partner for Audit Quality and Professional Practice Group;

Thomas Whittle, an audit partner in DPP and wthe National Partner-in-Charge for Quality Measurement; and

David Britt, an Audit Partner in DPP, Banking and Capital Markets.

Interesting sidebar: Whittle reported to Middendorf and Britt reported to KPMG’s Chief Auditor, who is not named in the indictment, but who also reported to Middendorf. Not named in the indictment is Scott Marcello, who was the firm’s Vice Chair of Audit and Middendorf’s boss. KPMG fired Marcello last year along with everyone else.

All right, now for this fine mess. The indictment is fascinating, so you read it for yourself, but here’s a good rundown:

In 2015, when it looked like Sweet would be taking a role with the firm, he made his first mistake: “Sweet […] copied [PCAOB] Documents, as well as other confidential documents, from Sweet’s PCAOB computer to a personal hard drive.” These included “internal PCAOB manuals and guidance; […] comment forms issued in connection with inspections on which Sweet had worked; [and] a list of KPMG engagements to be inspected by the PCAOB in 2015.”

During Sweet’s first week on the job, in early May 2015, Middendorf asked him at lunch “whether a particular Issuer would be the target of a PCAOB inspection; and […] more generally, which KPMG engagements would be subject to inspection that year.”

Middendorf spoke to Sweet later that week, “[telling] Sweet to remember where Sweet’s paycheck came from and to be loyal to KPMG.”

Just a few days later, “Whittle asked Sweet for the list of engagements to be inspected by the PCAOB in 2015, most of which had not yet been officially noticed for inspection by the PCAOB. Whittle told Sweet that Sweet was most valuable to KPMG at that moment and would soon be less valuable.”

The next day, Whittle requested “the banking inspection list.” After discerning that Whittle meant the “inspection list,” Sweet sent it over and said, “Just so you know, it is actually the full list of anticipated inspections (including non-banks). I’d appreciate the team’s discretion to make sure it isn’t too widely disseminated.” Whittle said he understood “the sensitivity” but sent it to Middendorf anyway, writing in an email, “The complete list. Obviously, very sensitive. We will not be broadcasting this.”

The next month, June 2015, Sweet discussed the list with David Britt and wrote in an email, “Please note there is some sensitivity with these, and some of the teams have not yet been officially notified by the PCAOB, so please, use your discretion with this info.” Sweet went on to share the 2015 list with at least one partner who was not yet aware that his/her engagement would be selected for inspection.

That same month, Sweet used confidential PCAOB “risk factors” with a KPMG partner and the data firm that was helping the firm predict which audits would be selected for inspection.

Immediately upon his start at KPMG, Sweet started angling to bring Cynthia Holder to the firm. He wrote to her in an email “I’ve got a meeting set up with the head of the group tomorrow, and pulled together a list of potential hires . . . and put you as the #1 target!!!!)”

A couple weeks later, Holder told the PCAOB Ethics Office that she was “contacted today by a recruiter for KPMG asking if I would be interested in a job at the Firm. I told them that I was not interested . . .” Had she not lied about this to the Ethics Office, she would’ve been immediately removed from any work involving KPMG.

While she was inspecting KPMG, Holder used her position to share confidential info with Brian Sweet, including this gem: “Sweet asked HOLDER to provide Sweet with an internal, confidential PCAOB Part II deficiencies comment form. On or about May 12, 2015, Holder used her personal email address to email Sweet at his personal email address and provided the requested document. The subject line of the email read ‘Anonymous Email.’ The body of the email consisted solely of an image of a winking-smiley face, and attached the confidential document Sweet requested.”

Also, in one instance Sweet talked Holder out of writing a comment on a KPMG inspection. When Sweet told Thomas Whittle about this, Whittle ” asked whether Sweet had opened his drawer, seen where his paycheck came from, and then advised the PCAOB employee not to write a comment.”

Holder also gave Sweet advanced notice that the PCAOB would be canceling one of its inspections and not replacing it. Sweet shared this information with Whittle and “The PCAOB subsequently notified KPMG that’ it would not inspect Issuer-1.” Sweet also informed Whittle that Holder was the source of all this info to encourage the firm to hire her.

Holder was offered a position with KPMG in July 2015. Before leaving the PCAOB, she copied confidential info to a thumb drive and copied it to her home computer. She then told Sweet about it after she started working at KPMG.

In November 2015, Jeffrey Wada started giving confidential information to Cynthia Holder. Holder passed it to Sweet; Sweet passed it to “relevant KPMG personnel.”

Anyone need a breather? This is intense. Have some cute animal sounds:

youtube

In February 2016, the SEC’s Office of the Chief Accountant called in KPMG for a scolding about their crappy inspection results. It was attended by “KPMG’s CEO, KPMG’s Vice Chair of Audit, and [Middendorf].” There were subsequent meetings as well.

Around this same time, Jeffrey Wada was a little frustrated with this job at the PCAOB, specifically that he didn’t get a promotion. He forward the PCAOB-wide promotion list email that did NOT include his name to Cynthia Holder who forwarded it to Brian Sweet.

About a week later, Wada emailed another PCAOB employee who didn’t get promoted, writing, “:I can’t believe we both got screwed last year.” The email, “[i]ncluded […] a cartoon depicting a man with a screw in his back.” That same month, Wada shared 12 issuers audited by KPMG that would be inspected with Holder.

Meanwhile, back at KPMG, Middendorf, Britt, Whittle and Sweet used this list of 12 to initiate “stealth re-reviews” in order to, chiefly, “[protect] KPMG’s monitoring programs” because negative results would constitute a “systemic failure.” The group agreed that the true nature of the “stealth re-reviews” needed to be a secret.

David Britt told a partner — Partner-3 in the indictment — that “Partner-3’s engagement would be inspected and that [he] could not tell Partner-3 the source of [his] knowledge. [He] also told Partner-3 not to tell any other members of Partner-3’s team.” Britt also lied to another partner — aka Partner-1 — about the reason for the re-reviews. According to the indictment: “Their inclusion in the access request was merely an effort to make the re-reviews look legitimate.”

These re-reviews detected problems in some of KPMG audits and the firm was able to take action prior to inspection and to perform additional work well after audit opinions were issued.

Back to the PCAOB leak — Wada read a preliminary list of audits that would be inspected to Holder in January 2017. Holder shared that info with Sweet, who subsequently took it to Whittle and Britt. They decided to notify partners on this list and to assign additional personnel to those engagements. Whittle asked Sweet to “alter an internal inspections list” to cover their tracks.

Also during this time, Jeffrey Wada was passed over for a promotion again, and he was NOT happy about it. He emailed Cynthia Holder his displeasure and we’re blockquoting it here because it’s so fun:

It’s funny how I was on the fast track to partner and clearly recognized for my talents at [WADA’s previous employer] and then I end up in this [expletive] place with all the [expletive] politicking that I loathe and now I can’t get a [expletive] promotion to save my life just because I refuse to kiss people’s [expletive] and spread the political rhetoric. God this place sucks. Please let me know what else you need from me.

In February 2017, Wada read Holder a list of “approximately 50 stock ticker symbols, representing the full confidential list of KPMG clients to be inspected by the PCAOB in 2017.” You can guess what happens next, right? Yep, she shared it with Sweet and he shared it with the three musketeers. They discussed “which engagement partners should be notified that their engagements had been selected for inspection.”

This is where, mercifully, things finally start to unravel:

On or about February 6, 2017, an engagement partner (“Partner-5”)/ who had been informed by Brian Sweet that Partner-5’s engagements would be inspected by the PCAOB, reported the conversation to Partner-5’s supervisor. Partner- 5’s supervisor reported the matter further and by February 13, 2017, the matter had been reported to KPMG’s General Counsel. Shortly thereafter, members of KPMG’s Office of the General Counsel (“OGC”) reached out to speak to both Sweet and CYNTHIA HOLDER, the defendant.

Holder and Sweet proceed to attempt an elaborate cover-up that included lies, deleted emails, and Sweet burning “the true copy” of the 2017 inspection list. OGC was monitoring their email activity so there was more deleting of files ” but not all of it, as that would appear suspicious.” Holder deleted all of her texts to Wada and suggested to Sweet that they get “burner telephones.” But there’s more!

HOLDER also suggested that she and Sweet could communicate through their spouses’ cellular telephones to avoid detection. Finally, HOLDER suggested that she and Sweet use a code to communicate. HOLDER and Sweet agreed that either one could communicate by posting a photo relating to a specified college football team on Instagram, following which they would each dial in to a designated KPMG conference call number.

As good as this indictment is, it raises even more questions about who at KPMG knew what and when? Why isn’t Scott Marcello named in the indictment? Does the firm have any criminal risk here? Will more heads roll? It’s all so ridiculous I don’t know what to think.

The post All the Gory Details From the Indictment of Former KPMG Partners appeared first on Going Concern.

from Accounting News http://goingconcern.com/kpmg-partners-pcaob-indictment-sdny/

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ifanwy · 8 years ago

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pinks and peaches| spring fashion

April.

Can you believe it? We are already in the midst of spring and everything is blossoming in bright and pastel colors. I love spring. If hope would have a scent it would smell like sunny fresh spring evenings. I have a lot of things on my mind lately and that's the reason why I feel like keeping it short and sweet. Just a little ootd post. By the way: Can we please take a moment to appreciate T.J. Maxx for a sec? Fashion is always developing and reinventing itself. There are endless shops out there, offering more or less the same ideas of fashion trend implementation and then there is T.J.Maxx. It is not the shop to stock up on basics. It's where you go to find gem stones. They offer pieces I haven't seen anywhere else. Fashion trends with an individual twist to them. They are not on display, you have to find them between 80% of items you would never consider wearing. That's where you find pink cord dungarees for 14 £.

Dungarees: TJ Max Top: from Brasil Bracelet: H&M

Wish you guys a lovely weekend

xx Mel

#dungarees #ootd #pastels #pink #spring

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jigmit-growlie-blog · 8 years ago

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KingsRoad Tool

Well…imagine my delight. You will choose from a few amounts - black party, archer, or mage (though the archer elegance rests right behind a person Structurally, the sport is standalone from dungeons, overland, tournaments, as well as your area which capabilities much like a central hub. |Similar to these diablo or torchlight, your identity provides a complete paperdoll machine for ones machines. products, and likewise variety prices gems. These lump your invasion competencies, cooldown timers, spruce up your mana regeneration, provide a larger being area - the most common rpg fare. Kira the apprentice is likely to be posting her minions to take on sub-plans that think about realistic-culture time, There's the whole guild machine in Kingsroad Hack Online. You can also have fun with playing one more elegance whilst not reaching re-think about Similar to participating in the rune set generator in diablo, seeking and fusing jewels for socketing to better your tools are nearly all of Kingsroad Hack Online. I permit him to perform ahead to interact until i fired out of my spells. Or anything else. |No taunt for any black party, no group control for any wizard, no um… no… well, it’s a ranger. It's modeled closely adequate enough to excellent traditional rpgs it works well nonetheless it slips lessen in group of people have fun with playing Whether or not there's adequate enough a great time to keep you participating in is an additional point permanently, nevertheless the generator on facebook or twitter continues to be a load when you are, likely the efficiency of seeking pugs simply by facebook or twitter assists you. The sport may very well be played absolutely free, nevertheless the basic sell of gems (99 cents) provides you with a lift (i spent it on products spot). Because lately sprang back hero you should guard your kingdom from citizens looking to find throughout turmoil. The sport continues to be fairly easy personally when it comes to contacts. The best theory that's been tried out earlier (diablo could follow copyright laws challenges), and lately damaged by wealth eager pursuits. Unless of course thousands to large numbers are bought a person amounts production the woking platform can make you a ranking targeted for any wealthiest competitors for good. I personally don't like citizens artwork a whole lot. |The gears from tournaments will likewise be repeating and slightly higher quality every single time. The concept of the sport has got to be good But my serious very bad thing is you could not even talk to an institution is it advisable to not chat spanish language even on united states machines hello there ima murica you don't need to find out dialects global you pay attention to culture should always find merican considering that we're different and our lang may be the toughest dialect to speak so sickly just presume dat virtually every no-murica cant checked out united kingdom simply because not f-r-e-e and they also jaja relatively of rofl, k k i truly do not pay attention to diff from spanish language and portuguese but so what im united states of america farmville is decent, i adore how elementary it can be with friends.. It’s tedious. If you find yourself tools capped, the sport is likely to be a great time for approximately a couple of minutes. Could it be multiple-person you bet right after the tutorial 4.5/10 i essentially played a few levals nevertheless the generator is very wonderful, its like a browser based on diablo! If you wish absolutely free without having to pay added $$$$ for ones good things you are going to then do a number of milling i absolutely love you'd be milling your path through to use a potential for smashing the wold manager the very first time you should grind simply by virtually every dungeon a number of moments should you don’t mind milling and repetitiveness then this isn't a terrible generator i truly do not mind the milling. The frequent jewel/re-gemming/growing point can also be apart from extremely mindless. But considering that in most cases occurs, human being resourcefulness indicates that sq . pegs can readily easily fit into rounded holes. To address, you will just do precisely the same over enemies. |As well as anything you have checked out so far can be applied right to Kingsroad Hack Online, furthermore, it concerns virtually every other generator in the style you could give consideration to. Prior to this we cover up specifically what the f-r-e-e-to-have fun with playing issues with Kingsroad Hack Online are, i believe it’s crucial that you acknowledge what they are not. Obtaining said that, you will definitely be finding a great deal loot that a larger backpack will truly feel fairly basic quite in early steps. The only real other style that’s connected while using genre’s walk with f-r-e-e-to-have fun with playing truly a that could possibly rub most individuals the incorrect technique (yet individually, i’m taking part in it). 100 %-fledged infinite hacks has last of all arrived at facebook or twitter. terrific, but when you are you’re participating in you will think itch in order to keep. Rapidly you’re even great for moving along with friends as well as installation guilds. It's not required to grind for levels but bear in mind you will want to to grind for the greatest tools. The sport has gone via a extensive shut down beta evaluating period of time, and is particularly last of all accessible in open beta for anybody to discover. |Each identity elegance capabilities its unique one of a kind stuff the others might not exactly use, although some other tools are worldwide across the 3 courses. Competitors control their identity with a mixture of key-board and computer mouse, pressing to transfer and invasion while using the variety tricks of trigger elegance competencies and taking advantage of the q, w, e and r tricks of speedily use restoration choices. The sport capabilities over the internet cooperative multiple-person by getting an automated matchmaking machine. The sport monetizes simply by its complicated currency exchange, that could be allocated to a multitude of points diverse from extending the player’s to be had products spot to taking away grade restriction on choices. plays a role in a broad “mastery” ranking to your distinct goal. Kingsroad Hack Online tends to be that extraordinary point: a browser-based on generator directed at “core” competitors that in some way carries with it an an understanding of its audience. It appears high quality, does sound high quality, works well, capabilities premium article writing with numerous persona, and most importantly does not insult the video gamer while you are very ambitious with choose to its monetization or sociable capabilities. Kingsroad Hack Online at present occupies the 50,000 mau tier having a position of a few,826 as well as ten thousand dau tier having a position of two,234. You shouldn't have for a variety of identity slot machines while you are virtually every hero. |And while they're adventuring, side throughout generator only very much simpler. Though the individuals from rumble leisure are undertaking their good fortune utilizing their most up-to-date subject Kingsroad Hack Online, a browser-based on, and behavior-driven position-participating in mmo. The prevent series are pretty fast-paced but it duly needs the players’ consideration with striking the enemies, implementing their spells when you are attempting to don't get slammed with adversary blaze, and taking advantage of the and mana potions to carry on receiving the fight This.is.alderstone!!! Each person can select from a few courses - the black party, the ranger as well as wizard. Will competitors want to vary their hero’s skill set foliage, they would need to acquisition resetting them which is a bummer. Speaking of machines, Kingsroad Hack Online also contains a great forging and enchanting machine that's uncomplicated to understand. It is rather surprising the sheer numbers of choices you can actually create with each other in this particular generator! Decide on any a few items that are among the indistinguishable ranking, and try out your good fortune if you will provide an neat product!…or a crappy a person. Great battle hammer. You could possibly think very the hero may perhaps be anybody, it does not matter sex, but bear in mind in Kingsroad Hack Online, their thought of very the hero rests over the arms (and shoulder blades) assertive. |Competitors should always grind their characters singularly to get levels. Finding a pretty profound forging and enchanting machine would absolutely make replaying the concluded dungeons For those who have concluded the principal mission for the generator, you'll open dungeon manner. Competitors prevent monsters inside a traditional rpg creating. They've confident expertise, as for instance socketing and maturing the strength of jewels, or example of this, bring the video gamer to some dragon small town to summon and teach dragons as "assistants" through struggles. And you might have fun with playing co-op with as many as two friends or randomly other folks. Based on your elegance (so far perhaps you may get black party, wizard, or archer), you will definitely be stabbing, casting, or snapping shots your path simply by a number of enemies, considering that both of these editions will inexplicably explode straight into a fountain of blood and prize. If you wish to art higher quality choices, you should compensate an immense cost and delay each day to upgrade the create. Making food is truly a very much simpler course of action-like with other behavior-rpgs, you shouldn't possess any problems in Kingsroad Hack Online managing an immense share of health and wellbeing choices. |In most grade, the bring back moments set forth at 10-secs and also be speedily and then. The developers offer many better articles afterwards, very. Naturally, you slackers participating in in the office probably will change the look out of regardless. Sword and board container. A spectacular culture - subsequently-generation 3 dimensional artwork bring the massive world of Kingsroad Hack Online to being. Over the mist pvp dilemma, water damage and mold in the prevent coliseum is greater by 50%, when you are blaze issues driven throughout prevent coliseum is lessened by 50%. for starters point: high-quality combination rune, pvp acceptance expression, 400 guild rating, (150) wing electric power crest next point: high-quality combination rune, pvp acceptance expression, 200 guild rating, (130) wing electric power crest third point: high-quality combination rune, pvp acceptance expression, 100 guild rating, (115) wing electric power crest 4th point: high-quality combination rune, basis of characters, 50 guild rating, (100) wing electric power crest mist sign up mist fitness instructor mist challenger mist mma fighter mist duelist mist berserker mist gladiator mist slayer mist inquisitor pvp battler pvp slayer.

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hwcampus · 8 years ago

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New Post has been published on Online Professional Homework Help

New Post has been published on http://hwcampus.com/shop/sec-280-entire-course-new/

SEC 280 Entire Course New

SEC 280 Entire Course New Principles Info System Security

SEC 280 Entire Course Principles Info System Security A+ NEW SEC 280 Case Studies Week 1-6

SEC 280 Case Study Week 1 Ping Sweeps and Port Scans

Your boss has just heard about some nefarious computer activities called ping sweeps and port scans. He wants to know more about them and what their impact might be on the company. Write a brief description of what they are, and include your assessment of whether the activities are something to worry about or not. This assignment requires two to three pages, based upon the APA style of writing. Preview: One main security threat is the reconnaissance attack, which includes the two main types of threat that can affect a company’s network — ping sweeps and port scans. These are the unauthorized discovery of systems, which can lead to… SEC 280 Case Study Week 2 Information Security Officer

You are the Information Security Officer at a medium-sized company (1,500 employees). The CIO asks you to explain why you believe it is important to secure the Windows and Unix/Linux servers from known shortcomings and vulnerabilities. Explain to your CIO what you can do to make sure the network infrastructure is more secure. Preview: The company has a network of Windows and Linux servers, business products, and network management tools. Employees use mobile devices with business applications installed for higher productivity. In this regard, the IT network has to function at its optimum best so that the business functions smoothly. However, network security risk is a… SEC 280 Case Study Week 3 ABC Institute

ABC Institute of Research has sensitive information that needs to be protected from its rivals. The Institute has collaborated with XYZ Inc. to research genetics. The information must be kept top secret at any cost. At ABC Institute, the researchers are unsure about the type of key (asymmetric or symmetric) to use. Please formulate a possible solution, and describe the advantages and disadvantages of any solution employed. This assignment requires two to three pages in length, based upon the APA style of writing. Preview: There is much information available in the digital form. Some of it is personal; some public; and some are confidential and sensitive in nature. It is important to protect such information so that its confidentiality, integrity, and availability are not compromised upon. It has to be protected throughout the lifecycle of information creation, modification, storage, and disposal. If it falls into the wrong hands, it can be… SEC 280 Case Study Week 4 Computer Security

Case Study Computer security is not an issue for organizations alone. Anyone whose personal computer is connected to a network or the Internet faces a potential risk of attack. Identify all the potential security threats on a personal computer. Identify some of the techniques an attacker might employ to access information on the system. This assignment requires two to three pages in length, based upon the APA style of writing. Use transition words; a thesis statement; an introduction, body, and conclusion; and a reference page with at least two references. Use double-spaced, Arial font, size 12. Preview: Nearly18 million people in the United States were victims of identity theft, which mainly targeted people’s credit cards and bank accounts (Williams, 2015). There are a lot of malicious attacks on personal computers. These attacks can make the computer unusable and also compromise the user’s confidential information, as well as that of the network they are connected to. Hackers constantly… SEC 280 Case Study Week 5 An Information Security Engineer

Case Study You have just been hired as an Information Security Engineer for a large, multi-international corporation. Unfortunately, your company has suffered multiple security breaches that have threatened customers’ trust in the fact that their confidential data and financial assets are private and secured. Credit-card information was compromised by an attack that infiltrated the network through a vulnerable wireless connection within the organization. The other breach was an inside job where personal data was stolen because of weak access-control policies within the organization that allowed an unauthorized individual access to valuable data. Your job is to develop a risk-management policy that addresses the two security breaches and how to mitigate these risks. This assignment requires two to three pages in length, based upon the APA style of writing. Use transition words; a thesis statement; an introduction, body, and conclusion; and a reference page with at least two references. Use double-spaced, Arial font, size 12. Preview: Risk is the negative effect of an event or action or the probability of the event or action and its impact. On the other hand, risk management is the process of identifying and calculating the effect of the negative impacts, taking steps to avoid or mitigate risks, and accepting and managing risks that cannot be avoided or mitigated. The organization should have a… SEC 280 Case Study Week 6 Gem Infosys

Case Study Gem Infosys, a small software company, has decided to better secure its computer systems after a malware attack shut down its network operations for 2 full days. The organization uses a firewall, three file servers, two Web servers, one Windows 2008 Active Directory server for user access and authentication, ten PCs, and a broadband connection to the Internet. The management at Gem needs you to formulate an incident-response policy to reduce network down time if future incidents occur. Develop an incident-response policy that covers the development of an incident-response team, disaster-recovery processes, and business-continuity planning. This assignment requires two to three pages in length, based upon the APA style of writing. Preview: In the technology industry, a company is never 100% secure against unauthorized access, virus attacks, malware attacks, hacking, disasters, and theft of software and hardware. It is therefore important to have an action plan ready to manage incidents that attack the system. An action plan to manage the… SEC 280 Quiz Week 1-6

SEC 280 Quiz Week 1

(TCO 1) Ensuring that an individual is who he or she claims to be is the function of _____. Confidentiality Integrity Availability Authentication Nonrepudiation (TCO 1) Background checks, drug testing, retirement, and termination are elements found in what type of policy? Due diligence Human resources Equal opportunity Privacy (TCO 1) What is an elite hacker? A hacker with a high level of technical ability A hacker who is wealthy and who is politically motivated A hacker who has elitist ideas and hacks for political purposes A hacker who searches for scripts and ready-made tools to use for attacks (TCO 1) What is a port scan? It identifies what ports can be used to smuggle information across borders It identifies ports that are open and services that are running It identifies the USB, parallel, and serial ports that can be used to connect to the system It identifies the IP addresses of computers on the network (TCO 1) Who is Kevin Mitnick? He used social engineering, sniffers, and cloned cell phones to gain unauthorized access to networks belonging to Motorola, Novell, Fujitsu, and Sun Microsystems He made bank transfers from St. Petersburg using the Citibank cash-management system He gained access to a loop carrier system operated by NYNEX and cut off FAA control tower and emergency services He developed the Love Bug love-letter virus that spread to 45 million people (TCO 1) When information is disclosed to individuals who are not authorized to see it, a _____ has been suffered Loss of confidentiality Loss of integrity Loss of functionality Loss of availability (TCO 1) What is the most common name for the first large-scale attack on the Internet, which occurred in November of 1988? The Code Red Worm The Morris Worm The Slammer Worm The Jester Worm (TCO 1) Each of the infected systems became part of what is known as a bot network, which could be used to cause a DoS attack on a target or to forward spam e-mail to millions of users as a result of the _____. Slammer Worm Morris Worm Conficker Melissa Worm (TCO 1) As the level of sophistication of attacks has increased, _____. The level of knowledge necessary to exploit vulnerabilities has increased The level of knowledge necessary to exploit vulnerabilities has decreased The level of skill necessary to exploit vulnerabilities has increased The amount of exploit software available on the Internet has decreased (TCO 1) When users are unable to access information or the systems processing information, they may have suffered a_____. Loss of confidentiality Loss of integrity Loss of functionality Loss of availability SEC 280 Quiz Week 2

(TCO 2) Pretty good privacy (or PGP) is _____. A privacy group that fights against the government A common encryption method for e-mail A password-management system A method of securing an operating-system kernel (TCO 2) All of the following are techniques used by a social engineer except _____. When an attacker replaces a blank deposit slip in a bank lobby with one containing his account number When an attacker calls up the IT department posing as an employee and requests a password When an attacker runs a brute-force attack on a password When an attacker sends a forged e-mail with a link to a bogus website that has been set to obtain personal information (TCO 2) When creating a password, users tend to use _____. All capital letters Passwords that are too long Names of family members, pets, or teams Numbers only (TCO 2) What is PKCS? One of the standards used in implementing a public-key infrastructure A method of private cryptography used by the military A method of encrypting e-mail from the IRS The method of encryption that used a 40 bit encryption key (TCO 8) Which law mandates that information that is no longer needed must be properly disposed of, either by burning, pulverizing, or shredding? FCRA PCI DSS FACTA GBLA (TCO 8) The Wassenaar Arrangement can be described as which of the following? An international arrangement on export controls for conventional arms as well as dual-use goods and technologies An international arrangement on import controls A rule governing the import of encryption in the United States A rule governing the export of encryption in the United States (TCO 8) What do you call a law that is based on previous events or precedents? Statutory law Administrative law Common law Blue law (TCO 8) Which of the following is a standard that provides guidance and the level of expected protection on the elements of a credit-card transaction that needs protection? FCRA PCI DSS FACTA GBLA (TCO 8) The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) of 1986 _____. Implements the principle that a signature, contract, or other record may not be deleted Denies legal effect, validity, or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form Addresses a myriad of legal privacy issues that resulted from the increasing use of computers and other technology specific to telecommunications Makes it a violation of federal law to knowingly use another’s identity Is a major piece of legislation affecting the financial industry and containing significant privacy provisions for individuals (TCO 8) A video rental store shares its customer database with a private investigator. The rental store may have violated which law? COPPA VPPA FERPA CFAA SEC 280 Quiz Week 3

(TCO 4) The difference between centralized and decentralized infrastructures is _____. That the key pairs and certificates do not have a set lifetime in centralized infrastructures That the location where the cryptographic key is generated and stored is different That the network administrator sets up the distribution points in centralized infrastructures That, in a decentralized infrastructure, the certificate may have an extended lifetime (TCO 4) Agents intercept an encrypted message. They use various techniques to try to decipher the plain-text message. This is an example of _____. Desteganographying Decrypting Uncrypting Cryptanalysis (TCO 4) The cipher that replaces each letter of the alphabet with a different letter (not in sequence) is a _____. Shift cipher Substitution cipher Transposition cipher Vigenère cipher (TCO 4) Why construct and implement a PKI? To eliminate certificate authorities To provide identification to individuals and to ensure availability To provide a higher level of trust than can be obtained through other applications and protocols To enable a centralized directory to store the registered certificate and to distribute private keys to users who request them (TCO 4) Which of the following is a critical concept common to all PKIs? Cryptographic hardware is required for PKI construction The server that centrally stores the keys should not be available The private key must be computer generated and centrally stored Private keys must remain private (TCO 4) The encryption method based on the idea of using a shared key for the encryption and decryption of data is _____. A hashing function Symmetric encryption Asymmetric encryption Elliptical-curve encryption (TCO 4) Attackers need a certain amount of information before launching their attack. One common place to find information that could be useful to the attacker is to go through the trash of the target. The process of going through a target’s trash is known in the community as _____. Trash rummaging Garbage surfing Piggy diving Dumpster diving (TCO 4) A special mathematical function that performs one-way encryption is called _____. Asymmetric encryption Transposition cipher A hashing function Multiple encryption (TCO 4) A trust domain is defined as _____. The agreed upon, trusted third party A scenario where one user needs to validate the other’s certificate A construct of systems, personnel, applications, protocols, technologies, and policies that work together to provide a certain level of protection A scenario in which the certificate’s issuer and the subject fields hold the same information (TCO 4) Encrypting a message by simply rearranging the order of the letters is a function of the _____. Shift cipher Substitution cipher Transposition cipher Vigenère cipher SEC 280 Quiz Week 4

(TCO 3) What is Certification Authority? A third party that issues digital certificates An auditing firm that ensures encryption security A certified professional who audits systems for security A third party that encrypts information for people (TCO 3) Which of the following is not a network topology? Star Ring Integrated Mixed (TCO 3) A Class _____ address supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks and allows two sections of the IP address to be devoted to host addressing. A B C D (TCO 3) What is Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)? A method used to encrypt wireless communications in an 802.11 environment A signal that jams other wireless devices attempting to access the system A method to change encryption standards during a transmission An encryption method used to secure bank passwords (TCO 3) Which of the following is a benefit that Network Address Translation (NAT) provides? Compensates for the lack of IP addresses Allows devices using two different protocols to communicate Creates a DMZ Translates MAC addresses to IP addresses (TCO 3) Unfortunately, hackers abuse the ICMP protocol by using it to _____. Send Internet worms Launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks Steal passwords and credit-card numbers Send spam (TCO 3) What is PKCS? One of the standards used in implementing a public-key infrastructure A method of private cryptography used by the military A method of encrypting e-mail from the IRS The method of encryption that uses a 40-bit encryption key (TCO 5) In addition to “What users know,” “What users have,” and “What users are,” what did the author add for authenticating a user? “What users should have” “What users should think” “What users can argue they should be” “What users do” (TCO 5) The three major components of the SSH protocol are the_____. Transport Layer Protocol, User Authentication Protocol, and Connection Protocol User Datagram Protocol, User Authentication Protocol, and Connection Protocol Transport Layer Protocol, User Encryption Protocol, and Connection Protocol User Datagram Protocol, User Encryption Protocol, and Connection Protocol (TCO 5) Which protocol enables the secure transfer of data from a remote PC to a server by creating a VPN across a TCP/IP network? PPPP PPTP PTPN PPTN SEC 280 Quiz Week 5

(TCO 6) The best fire extinguisher for petroleum products is a_____. Class A Class B Class C Class D (TCO 6) When a biometric is scanned and allows access to someone who is not authorized, it is called a _____. False negative False positive True negative True positive (TCO 6) A new breed of IDS that is designed to identify and prevent malicious activity from harming a system is called _____. Preemptive IDS Preventive IDS Active IDS Dynamic IDSA (TCO 6) The best fire extinguisher for wood, paper, and cloth fires is a _____. Class A Class B Class C Class D (TCO 6) Multifactor authentication is all of these except _____. “What you are” “What you have” “What you know” “What you calculate” (TCO 6) _____ are applications designed to detect, log, and respond to unauthorized network or host use, both in real time and after the fact. Windows Operating Systems Intrusion-detection systems (IDSs) Firewalls Twisted-wire pairs (TCO 6) Media can be divided into three categories: _____. Paper, plastic, and cloth Magnetic, optical, and electronic Confidential, integrity, and authority Red, yellow, and blue (TCO 6) What does a host-based IDS monitor? A single system Networks Physical intrusions into facilities A system and all its surrounding systems (TCO 6) Egress filtering _____. Scans incoming mail to catch SPAM Scans outgoing mail to catch SPAM Scans messages for specific words or phrases Filters out POP traffic (TCO 6) _____ are characterized by the use of a laser to read data stored on a physical device. Authentication rules FTP sites Modems Optical media SEC 280 Quiz Week 6

(TCO 3) An attack where the attacker captures a portion of a communication between two parties and retransmits it at another time is called a _____ attack. Smurf Denial-of-service Viral Replay (TCO 3) The art of “secret writing” is called _____. Spoofing Smurfing Cryptography Cryptanalysis (TCO 3) Making data look like they came from a different source is called _____. Sniffing A man-in-the-middle attack A replay attack Spoofing (TCO 5) Malicious code that is scripted to send itself to other users is known as a _____. Virus Worm Trojan Logic bomb (TCO 5) What is the primary reason for the spread of the ILOVEYOU worm? Network firewalls failed Systems did not have the appropriate software patch Automatic execution, such as Microsoft Outlook’s preview pane The virus-scan software was not updated (TCO 5) Which of the following is not one of the three primary e-mail protocols? SMTP SNMP POP3 IMAP (TCO 5) A worm is a type of virus that _____. Is scripted to send itself to other systems Is designed to crawl in under a firewall Buries itself between the kernel and the Application Layer of the operating system Is passed through e-mails with a subject heading that has the word “worm” in it (TCO 6) ActiveX refers to a _____. Collection of APIs, protocols, and programs developed by Microsoft to automatically download and execute code over the Internet Library of security protocols for Microsoft’s Internet Explorer Patch to fix a vulnerability that hackers exploit where the user downloads an MP3 file and the buffers of the sound card are overwritten Method of blocking java scripts that come from non-Microsoft websites (TCO 6) With the RSA and Diffie-Hellman handshakes, _____. The server and the client agree on what type of browser to use Parameters are agreed upon and certificates and keys are exchanged Parameters are agreed upon so that java scripts cannot execute inside the client system Office applications are able to e-mail secure documents (TCO 6) Which are the most common exploits used to hack into a system? Buffer overflows Birthday attacks Weak-key attacks Man-in-the-middle attacks SEC 280 Final Exam

(TCO 2) What is XKMS? Key Management Specification, which defines services to manage PKI operations within the Extensible Markup Language (XML) environment An XML standard for e-mail encryption An XML standard that is used for wireless data exchange A primary XML standard that is for application development (TCO 2) All of the following are techniques used by a social engineer EXCEPT for which one? An attacker replaces a blank deposit slip in a bank lobby with one containing his own account number An attacker calls up the IT department posing as an employee and requests a password reset An attacker runs a brute-force attack on a password An attacker sends a forged e-mail with a link to a bogus website that has been set to obtain personal information (TCO 2) Attackers need a certain amount of information before launching their attack. One common place to find information is to go through the trash of the target to find information that could be useful to the attacker. This process of going through a target’s trash is known in the community as _____ Trash rummaging Garbage surfing Piggy diving Dumpster diving (TCO 2) What are the SSL and TLS used for? A means of securing application programs on the system To secure communication over the Internet A method to change from one form of PKI infrastructure to another A secure way to reduce the amount of SPAM a system receives (TCO 2) What are the security risks of installing games on an organization’s system? There are no significant risks Users can’t always be sure where the software came from and it may have hidden software inside of it. The users may play during work hours instead of during breaks The games may take up too much memory on the computer and slow down processing, making it difficult to work (TCO 2) What is the ISO 17799? A standard for creating and implementing security policies A standard for international encryption of e-mail A document used to develop physical security for a building A document describing the details of wireless encryption (TCO 3) A(n) _____ is a network typically smaller in terms of size and geographic coverage, and consists of two or more connected devices. Home or office networks are typically classified as this type of network Local-area network Office-area network Wide-area network (TCO 3) What is the main difference between TCP and UDP packets? UDP packets are a more widely used protocol TCP packets are smaller and thus more efficient to use TCP packets are connection oriented, whereas UPD packets are connectionless UDP is considered to be more reliable because it performs error checking Internal-area network (TCO 3) Unfortunately, hackers abuse the ICMP protocol by using it to _____. Send Internet worms Launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks Steal passwords and credit card numbers Send spam (TCO 3) Which transport layer protocol is connectionless? UDP TCP IP ICMP (TCO 3) Which of the following is a benefit provided by Network Address Translation (NAT)? Compensates for the lack of IP addresses Allows devices using two different protocols to communicate Creates a DMZ Translates MAC addresses to IP addresses (TCO 3) Which transport layer protocol is connection oriented? UDP RCP IS ICMP (TCO 3) Which of the following is an example of a MAC address? 00:07:H9:c8:ff:00 00:39:c8:ff:00 00:07:e9:c8:ff:00 00:07:59:c8:ff:00:e8 (TCO 4) All of the following statements sum up the characteristics and requirements of proper private key use EXCEPT which one? The key should be stored securely The key should be shared only with others whom you trust Authentication should be required before the key can be used The key should be transported securely (TCO 4) It is easier to implement, back up, and recover keys in a _____. Centralized infrastructure Decentralized infrastructure Hybrid infrastructure Peer-to-peer infrastructure (TCO 4) When a message sent by a user is digitally signed with a private key, the person will not be able to deny sending the message. This application of encryption is an example of _____. Authentication Nonrepudiation Confidentiality Auditing (TCO 4) Outsourced CAs are different from public CAs in what way? Outsourced services can be used by hundreds of companies Outsourced services provide dedicated services and equipment to individual companies Outsourced services do not maintain specific servers and infrastructures for individual companies Outsourced services are different in name only. They are essentially the same thing (TCO 4) Cryptographic algorithms are used for all of the following EXCEPT _____. Confidentiality Integrity Availability Authentication (TCO 6) A hub operates at which of the following? Layer 1, the physical layer Layer 2, the data-link layer Layer 2, the MAC layer Layer 3, the network layer (TCO 6) Alice sends an e-mail that she encrypts with a shared key, which only she and Bob have. Upon receipt, Bob decrypts the e-mail and reads it. This application of encryption is an example of _____. Confidentiality Integrity Authentication Nonrepudiation (TCO 6) The following are steps in securing a workstation EXCEPT _____. Install NetBIOS and IPX Install antivirus Remove unnecessary software Disable unnecessary user accounts (TCO 8) Which of the following is a characteristic of the Patriot Act? Extends the tap-and-trace provisions of existing wiretap statutes to the Internet, and mandates certain technological modifications at ISPs to facilitate electronic wiretaps on the Internet A major piece of legislation affecting the financial industry, and also one with significant privacy provisions for individuals Makes it a violation of federal law to knowingly use another’s identity Implements the principle that a signature, contract, or other record may not be deleted Denies legal effect, validity, or enforceability solely because it is electronic form (TCO 8) The Wassenaar Arrangement can be described as which of the following? An international arrangement on export controls for conventional arms as well as dual-use goods and technologies An international arrangement on import controls A rule governing import of encryption in the United States A rule governing export of encryption in the United States (TCO 8) What is the Convention on Cybercrime? A convention of black hats who trade hacking secrets The first international treaty on crimes committed via the Internet and other computer networks A convention of white hats who trade hacker prevention knowledge A treaty regulating international conventions (TCO 8) The electronic signatures in the Global and National Commerce Act _____. Implement the principle that a signature, contract, or other record may not be denied legal effect, validity, or enforceability solely because it is electronic form Address a myriad of legal privacy issues resulting from the increased use of computers and other technology specific to telecommunications Make it a violation of federal law to knowingly use another’s identity Are a major piece of legislation affecting the financial industry, and contains significant privacy provisions for individuals (TCO 2) Give an example of a hoax and how it might actually be destructive (TCO 2) What are the various ways a backup can be conducted and stored? Backups should include the organization’s critical data, and… (TCO 2) List at least five types of disasters that can damage or destroy the information of an organization (TCO 2) List the four ways backups are conducted and stored. Full back up, differential backup,… (TCO 2) List at least five types of disasters that can damage or destroy the information of an organization. Flood, chemical spill… (TCO 2) Your boss wants you to give him some suggestions for a policy stating what the individual user responsibilities for information security should be. Create a bulleted list of those responsibilities. Do not divulge sensitive information to individuals… (TCO 3) What is the difference between TCP and UDP? UDP is known as a connectionless protocol, as it has very few… (TCO 3) List three kinds of information contained in an IP packet header A unique identifier, distinguishing this packet from other packets… (TCO 4) What are the laws that govern encryption and digital rights management? Encryption technology is used to protect digital… (TCO 5) Describe the laws that govern digital signatures Digital signatures have the same… (TCO 6) What are some of the security issues associated with web applications and plug-ins? Web browsers have mechanisms to enable… (TCO 6) What are the four common methods for connecting equipment at the physical layer? Coaxial cable, twisted-pair… (TCO 6) Describe the functioning of the SSL/TLS suite SSL and TLS use a combination of symmetric and… (TCO 6) Explain a simple way to combat boot disks Disable them or… them in the… (TCO 7) What are some ethical issues associated with information security? Ethics is the social-moral environment in which a person makes… (TCO 9) What are password and domain password policies? Password complexity policies are designed to deter brute force attacks by increasing the number of possible passwords… SEC 280 Discussions Week 1-2-3-4-6-7 All Posts 187 Pages

Week 5 is not included SEC 280 Exposing Your Data on the Internet and Security Practices Discussions Week 1 All Posts 29 Pages

SEC 280 Exposing Your Data on the Internet Discussions 1 Week 1 All Posts 16 Pages

Have you or someone you know been the victim of computer fraud because of information about them being data mined on the Internet? Have you been subject to harassment or major inconvenience because of eMarketers’ data-mining activities? Do you think companies should collect information about you and share that information without your explicit knowledge? Why or why not? Feel free to comment on the responses of your colleagues here!… SEC 280 Security Practices Discussions 2 Week 1 All Posts 13 Pages

Because of what they hear on the radio and read in the paper, lots of people who connect their systems to the Internet rush out and buy the latest copies of firewalls and virus-protection software and begin tinkering without first considering what they’re protecting themselves against. Is this a good idea? Instead, what should they do first? What are they doing wrong?… SEC 280 Security Policies and Laws and Ethics Discussions Week 2 All Posts 28 Pages

SEC 280 Security Policies Discussions 1 Week 2 All Posts 15 Pages

The executive committee for your company needs some help determining if any changes are needed to the existing security policies and procedures. Describe the types of security policies and procedures that your organization has and how effective you feel they are. How can they be compromised by internal personnel?… SEC 280 Laws and Ethics Discussions 2 Week 2 All Posts 13 Pages

Ethical issues in corporate governance now influence security issues through the stricter management controls surrounding corporate financial-data integrity under Sarbanes-Oxley. Let’s discuss these issues…. SEC 280 Asymmetric Versus Symmetric Encryption and Trust Models Discussions Week 3 All Posts 28 Pages

SEC 280 Asymmetric Versus Symmetric Encryption Discussions 1 Week 3 All Posts 15 Pages

Discuss or describe how asymmetric encryption allows PKI to function. Also, how does symmetric encryption work to protect files?… SEC 280 Trust Models Discussions 2 Week 3 All Posts 13 Pages Let’s compare and contrast the hierarchical trust model, the peer-to-peer trust model, and the hybrid trust model…. SEC 280 Network Security and Remote Access Discussions Week 4 All Posts 25 Pages

SEC 280 Network Security Discussions 1 Week 4 All Posts 13 Pages

Networks present a lot of opportunities for security challenges. What type of network are you on, and what security elements are employed? Are they effective? Why or why not?… SEC 280 Remote Access Discussions 2 Week 4 All Posts 12 Pages

Aren’t we employing remote access with the school? How does this environment work for access, authentication, and the working environment? How is your organization setup? … SEC 280 Attacks and Malware and Identity Theft Discussions Week 6 All Posts 33 Pages

SEC 280 Attacks and Malware Discussions 1 Week 6 All Posts 20 Pages

There are many ways an organization or individual can be attacked through the use of software. Currently, what are the most popular ways these attacks are being implemented? What defenses are being implemented?… SEC 280 Identity Theft Discussions 2 Week 6 All Posts 13 Pages

This one is significant, and we need to understand the laws involved with identity theft, privacy, and cybercrime. Therefore, what are the main laws, and how do they affect us if a breach occurs?… SEC 280 Mitigating Risk and Incident Handling Discussions Week 7 All Posts 24 Pages

SEC 280 Mitigating Risk Discussions 1 Week 7 All Posts 12 Pages

Your CEO says to you, “You mentioned that risks always exist. If I take enough measures, can’t I eliminate risks?” Explain why risks always exist. What are some of the ways you can quantify risk in order to determine how and where to take measures e.g. spend money?… SEC 280 Incident Handling Discussions 2 Week 7 All Posts 12 Pages

Let’s start the week by discussing the incident-handling process. Risk management involves the process of understanding vulnerabilities and providing the appropriate level of security to handle the possibilities. When an incident occurs, we need to effectively identify how it occurred and what we will do to see that it is less likely to occur in the future. Who are the members of the IRT?…

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