#Scaffolding Components and Parts

[upaboveroofing]

A scaffolding structure provides strong, formidable support to the workers in a construction project. The entire structure plays a major role in providing easy access to greater heights. As a result, constructing buildings becomes much more efficient and takes less time.

[tianjinwellmadescaffold]

Lower Adjustable Components for Formwork Frame Tower System - Wellmade C...

[o-craven-canto]

Rough timeline of the discovery of genes and DNA

(mostly condensed from the first half of S. Mukherjee, The Gene: An Intimate History, 2016, and this 1974 paper)

1857-1864: Gregor Mendel experiments with breeding peas at the monastery of Brno. The results show that information about flower color, pod shape etc. is transmitted in discrete blocks that do not mix, and can persist unexpressed in a generation to manifest again in the next.

1865-1866: Mendel's results are published in a minor journal and effectively forgotten for 35 years. He corresponds with physiologist Carl von Nägeli, who dismisses them as "only empirical" (???).

1868: Unaware of Mendel's work, Darwin proposes pangenesis as mechanism of heredity: every body part produces "gemmules" that carry hereditary information and merge to form gametes. This does not explain how new traits aren't immediately diluted out of existence, or why acquired changes aren't inheritable.

1869: Friedrich Miescher extracts a mysterious substance from pus on used bandages and salmon sperm. He calls it nuclein (later: chromatin), as it seems to be concentrated in cell nuclei.

1878: Albrecht Kossel separates nuclein into protein and a non-protein component, which he calls nucleic acid, and breaks it down in five nucleotides.

1882: Darwin dies, bothered -- among other things -- by the lack of a plausible mechanism to transmit new variation. Legend has it that Mendel's paper lay on a bookshelf of his study, unread.

1883: August Weissmann, noting that mice with cut tails always give birth to fully-tailed mice, theorizes that hereditary information is contained in a "germplasm" fully isolated from the rest of the body, contra pangenesis. At each generation, only germplasm is transmitted, and gives separate rise to a somatic line, i.e. the body, which isn't.

ca. 1890: Studying sea urchin embryos in Naples, Theodor Boveri and Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz notice large coiled masses of nuclein inside cell nuclei which can be dyed blue with aniline. They call them chromosomes, literally "colorful bodies". Simultaneously, Walter Sutton discovers chromosomes in grasshopper sperm.

1897: Hugo de Vries, after collecting hundreds of "monstrous" plant varieties near Amsterdam, realizes (also unaware of Mendel's work) that each trait is due to a single discrete particle of information, never mixing with the others, which he calls pangene in homage to Darwin. He also notices the appearance of completely new variants, which he calls mutants. In the same year, Carl Correns -- a former student of Nägeli, who had completely neglected to mention Mendel's work -- reproduces it exactly in Tubingen with pea and maize plants.

1900: Having finally found out about Mendel's publication, De Vries rushes to publish his model before he can be accused of plagiarism, which happens anyway. Correns does the same. Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg also independently recreates Mendel's results with pea plants in Vienna. Come on, guys, this is embarassing.

1902: Boveri and Sutton independently propose that hereditary information is carried by chromosomes. Supporters of this hypothesis generally hold that information is carried by proteins, with the simpler nucleic acids (only 5 nucleotides vs. 20 aminoacids) serving as scaffold.

1905: William Bateson coins the word genetics to describe the field growing mostly from De Vries' work. He realizes it should be possible to deliberately select organisms for specific individual genes. Meanwhile, Boveri's student Nettie Stevens discovers in mealworms a strangely small chromosome that is found only in males -- chromosome Y. This is the first direct evidence that chromosomes do, in fact, carry genetic information.

1905-1908: Thomas Hunt Morgan and his students breed and cross thousands of fruit flies in a lab in New York. Contra Mendel, they notice that traits are not passed down in a completely independent way: for example, male sex and white eyes usually manifest together. This suggests that their information particles are attached to each other, so that the physically-closest traits are more likely (but not guaranteed!) to be transmitted together.

1909: Phoebus Levene and his coworkers break down nucleic acids by hydrolysis into sugars, phosphate, and nucleobases. They assume that nucleobases must repeat along a chain in a repetitive sequence. In a treatise on heredity, Wilhelm Johannsen shortens "pangene" to gene. It's a purely theoretical construct, with no known material basis.

1911: Using Morgan's data on trait linkage, his student Alfred Sturtevant draws the first genetic map, locating several genes along a fruit fly chromosome. Genetic information now has a physical basis, although not yet a mechanism of transmission.

1918: Statistician Ronald Fisher proposes that traits appearing in continuous gradients, such as height, can still be explained by discrete genes if multiple genes contribute to a single trait, resolving an apparent contradiction. (Six genes for height, for example, are enough to produce the smooth bell curve noticed half a century earlier by Francis Galton.)

ca. 1920: Bacteriologist Frederick Griffith is studying two forms of pneumococcus, a "smooth" strain that produces deadly pneumonia in mice (and people) and a "rough" strain that is easily dispatched by immunity. He finds out that if live "rough" pneumococci are mixed with "smooth" ones killed by heat, the "rough" can somehow acquire the deadly "smooth" coating from the dead.

1926: Hermann Muller, another student of Morgan, finds out he can produce arbitrary amounts of new mutant flies by exposing their parents to X-rays.

1928: Griffith describes the acquired "transformation" of bacteria in an extremely obscure journal.

1929: Levene identifies the sugars in "yeast nucleic acid" and "thymus nucleic acid" as ribose and deoxyribose, respectively. The two will henceforth be known as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

ca. 1930: Theodosius Dobzhansky, who also had worked with Morgan, discovers in wild-caught fruit flies variations of wing size, eye structure etc. that are produced by genes arranged in different orders on the chromosome. This rearrangement is the first physical mechanism for mutation discovered.

1940: Oswald Avery repeats Griffith's experiments with pneumococci, looking for the "transforming principle". Filtering away the remains of the cell wall, dissolving lipids in alcohol, destroying proteins with heat and chloroform does not stop the transformation. A DNA-degrading enzyme, however, does. Therefore, it is DNA that carries genetic information.

1943: By mixing flies with different gene orders and raising the mixed populations at different temperatures, Dobzhansky shows that a particular gene order can respond to natural selection, increasing or decresing in frequency.

1944: Avery publishes his results on transforming DNA. Physicist Erwin Schrödinger writes a treatise (What Is Life?) in which he states, on purely theoretical ground, that genetic information must be carried by an "aperiodic crystal", stable enough to be transmitted, but with a sequence of sub-parts that never repeat.

1950: In Cambridge, Maurice Wilkins starts using X-ray diffraction to try and make a picture of the atomic structure of dried DNA (as Linus Pauling and Robert Corey had done earlier with proteins). He is later joined by Rosalind Franklin, who finds a way to make higher-quality pictures by keeping DNA in its hydrated state. By hydrolyzing DNA, Erwin Chargaff notes that the nucleobases A and T are always present in exactly the same amount, as if they were paired, and so are C and G -- but A/T and C/G can be different amounts.

1951: Pauling publishes a paper on the alpha-helix structure of proteins. Having attended talks by Wilkins and Franklin, James Watson and Francis Crick attempt to build a physical model of DNA, a triple helix with internal phosphate, but Franklin notes it's too unstable to survive.

1952: Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase mark the protein envelope of phage viruses with radioactive sulfur, and their DNA with radioactive phosphorus. The phosphorus, but not the sulfur, is transmitted to host bacteria and to the new generation of phages. This indicates that DNA is not just exchanged as "transforming principle", but passed down through generations.

1953: Pauling and Corey also propose a structure of DNA, but they make the same mistake as Watson and Crick. These receive from Wilkins an especially high-quality photo (taken in 1952 by either Franklin or her student Ray Gosling). Combining this picture with Chargaff's measurements, they conclude that DNA must be a double helix, with a sugar-phosphate chain outside, and nucleobases meeting in pairs on the inside (A with T, C with G). The complementary sequences of bases give a clear mechanism for the storage and replication of genetic information.

1950s: Jacques Monod and François Jacob grow the bacterium Escherichia coli alternately on glucose and lactose. While its DNA never changes, the RNA produced changes in step with the production of glucose-digesting and lactose-digesting enzymes. So DNA is not directly affected, but different sequences are copied onto RNA depending on need.

1958: Arthur Kornberg isolates DNA polymerase, the enzyme that builds new DNA strands in the correct sequence. By inserting into DNA a heavier isotope of nitrogen, Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl show that each strand remains intact, separating during replication and then serving as template for a new one.

1960: Sydney Brenner and Jacob purify messenger RNA from bacterial cells. This seems to copy the sequence of a single gene and carry it to ribosomes, where proteins are built. RNA must encode the sequence of aminoacids of a protein, presumably in sets of 3 nucleotides (the smallest that can specify 20 aminoacids).

1961-1966: Multiple labs working in parallel (Marshall Nirenberg-Heinrich Matthaei-Philip Leder, Har Khorana, Severo Ochoa) map every possible triplet of nucleotides to a corresponding aminoacid. Synthetic RNA is inserted into isolated bacterial ribosomes, and aminoacids are marked one at a time with radioactive carbon to check the sequence of the resulting proteins.

1970: Paul Berg and David Jackson manage to fuse DNA from two viruses into a single sequence ("recombinant DNA") using DNA-cutting enzymes extracted from bacteria.

1972-1973: Janet Mertz joins Berg and Jackson, and proposes inserting the recombinant DNA into the genome of E. coli, exploiting the bacterium for mass production. Herb Boyer and Stanley Cohen perform a similar experiment merging bacterial DNA, and linking it to an antibiotic-resistance gene so that the recombinant bacteria can be easily isolated.

1975-1977: Frederick Sanger isolates template strands of DNA to build new ones with DNA polymerase, but uses altered and marked nucleobases that stop polymerization. By doing so, then segregating the shortened sequences by length and recognizing their final base with fluorescence, it's possible to read the exact sequence of bases on a DNA strand.

[taylor-titmouse]

now that cadogan and his little guys are their own things i can explore freely, i want to talk a little about how they're made. lore subject to change of course, but the general idea i'm working from atm...

the in-universe term for what they are is "chimeric homunucli", but for ease i usually refer to them as cadogan's servants. they are not familiars. familiars are different. the three most basic components a chimeric homunculi must have are bones, blood, and semen. other elements can be added to better determine the form of the guy, but you won't get anywhere without those three things. bones are the scaffolding on which the body is built, blood forms the flesh, and semen provides the spirit. all three of these will have some effect on the personality and behavioral traits, but that mostly comes from the blood and semen. the blood imbues instincts, semen imbues intelligence and creative thought.

cadogan prefers to use gnome bones as his base because they're easy to get and because they make his creations conveniently pocket-sized. it's easier and safer for him to only make them big when necessary, with magic. for one thing it would require Significantly more material to make a full-scale creature, which is difficult to acquire and properly prepare. for another, they're much harder to control when big. obviously. if they were big all the time he'd never get anything done.

madog's basic components are gnome bones, manticore blood, and goblin jism. the manticore blood is where he gets his aggression and territoriality, and much of his strength when big. the goblin jism gives him the ability to think rationally and understand commands, and also the ability to work as part of a group. you'd never think it, but he's very good at teamwork. altogether he's a dedicated, completely loyal servant who'll take to tasks with vigor and gusto. good for a brute fighter to send out in times of trouble. he'd defend cadogan to the death. he also has manticore hair and imp wing membrane. these don't have any real effect on his personality or behavior, and are purely functional. the hair is to give him his fluffy appearance, the wing membrane is so he can fly.

myrddin's components are again, gnome bones, but also sea serpent's blood and troll jism. the sea serpent's blood attunes him to the water, giving him his hydrodynamic shape and skill at swimming. it's also given him patience and the instincts of a hunter that rarely feeds. he's not overly quick to action. the troll jism provides a greater intelligence than the goblin jism, closer to the level of a human. he is a much more rational thinker than madog, able to slow down and think fully through a problem rather than rush in to meet it. his secondary components are serpent fin and mermaid hair. these are almost entirely aesthetic, but the mermaid hair Does make him silky smooth to the touch and keeps wild animals from attempting to eat him.

and that's most of what i've thought out! before anyone asks, human bones + human blood + human jism would create an undead abomination and We Don't Do That. human blood and jism are alright to use but human bones are a taboo that crosses into necromancy. human wizards care less about the personhood of tailed species, so that's more okay (though it isn't really)

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Metastable marvel: X-rays illuminate an exotic material transformation

A dry material makes a great fire starter, and a soft material lends itself to a sweater. Batteries require materials that can store lots of energy, and microchips need components that can turn the flow of electricity on and off. Each material's properties are a result of what's happening internally. The structure of a material's atomic scaffolding can take many forms and is often a complex combination of competing patterns. This atomic and electronic landscape determines how a material will interact with the rest of the world, including other materials, electric and magnetic fields, and light. Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, as part of a multi-institutional team of universities and national laboratories, are investigating a material with a highly unusual structure—one that changes dramatically when exposed to an ultrafast pulse of light from a laser.

Read more.

[blightoath]

if i were to tweak feyn's history/verse for inquisition and veilguard to be a fen'harel double agent...

because they traveled together some during the blight, leliana knows that feyn is an excellent hunter and tracker, and if anyone has a hope of finding the hof, it would be him. she reaches out to him about the wardens and asks in his help searching for the hof and the wardens in general. having been mentored by the hof in amaranthine, feyn has some ideas on where to go or what to do, and takes off to deliver the messages leliana needs.

by the time feyn gets back, he's set his sights on continuing the scouting, spying, delivery work with leliana--he spends literally 100% of his time in the field, getting things to or from leliana (or charter or others) via dead drops and pass offs to middlemen or other agents

(at this point, he's awol from the wardens. most assumed he died at adamant, which suits him just fine)

by the time of trespasser, no one thing can be contributed to feyn, he's made nearly no big moves himself nor been given anything of huge import, but his loyalty to the inquisition is known, and that's key

regardless of whether the inquisition is disbanded or given to the chantry, the current spy roster has to be shaken up to faces unfamiliar--so feyn gets brought in from the field to take on bigger and more influential work

eventually they decide they need a man on the inside and feyn, with his years of independent work, excellent memory, charm, tracking knowledge, dalish background, and warden improvements, makes a fine agent

feyn heads immediately to tevinter to start a long undercover mission. gets himself captured, enslaved, and put to work in a shipyard and storage warehouse, moving goods around

assists a fen'harel agent, who frees him in return and recruits him to the cause

after doing a few odd jobs here and there, it's revealed he has a talent as a tracker and is put to work to find various components needed in some of solas' rituals

his identity is discovered once during a mission. during the mission, one of the other agents in their three person squad had died in the line of duty, and rather than risk his time as a double agent coming to light, he killed the second agent. feyn was regarded suspiciously for a time since he was the only survivor to return, but eventually his skills as a tracker were needed

he is the agent who finds the lead on the red lyrium idol and tracks it to the auction house in llomerryn. part of his ability to find the lyrium idol is by tapping into his warden ability to sense darkspawn by focusing on the call of the blight within the lyrium. when asked, however, he just says he has a lucky streak and a good gut for guessing

feyn is one of the agents tasked with protecting solas during the evanuris prison transfer. while he's at the temple, he positions himself in such a way that he can kill solas with an arrow to the heart. he fully intends on doing so until varric appears and messes with his aim--the shot goes wide and in a stroke of incalculable bad luck, shatters some of the scaffolding holding up the statues

unsure if his cover is blown or not, feyn books it down to the center platform to at least steal away the lyrium dagger. two outcomes can occur:

1) rook makes it to varric first, gets ko'd, and feyn helps neve and harding escape to the lighthouse. until anyone knows any wiser, feyn keeps to his cover as an agent of fen'harel. saving rook, harding, and neve then was a choice made by him, showing that solas was actually interested in minimizing casualties, as he figured other agents in the area would fend for themselves after seeing solas shoved into the fade.

2) feyn makes it to the dagger but cuts his palm trying to get it and varric away from the emerging evanuris. neve and harding rush out to help and catch varric's last exclaimed word as "rook"--feyn's codename amongst leliana's reports. feyn then takes the place as rook, though he's torn between loyalties and ideologies

[communist-manifesto-daily]

Socialism: Utopian and Scientific - Part 8

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In Calvinism, the second great bourgeois upheaval found its doctrine ready cut and dried. This upheaval took place in England. The middle-class of the towns brought it on, and the yeomanry of the country districts fought it out. Curiously enough, in all the three great bourgeois risings, the peasantry furnishes the army that has to do the fighting; and the peasantry is just the class that, the victory once gained, is most surely ruined by the economic consequences of that victory. A hundred years after Cromwell, the yeomanry of England had almost disappeared. Anyhow, had it not been for that yeomanry and for the plebian element in the towns, the bourgeoisie alone would never have fought the matter out to the bitter end, and would never have brought Charles I to the scaffold. In order to secure even those conquests of the bourgeoisie that were ripe for gathering at the time, the revolution had to be carried considerably further – exactly as in 1793 in France and 1848 in Germany. This seems, in fact, to be one of the laws of evolution of bourgeois society.

Well, upon this excess of revolutionary activity there necessarily followed the inevitable reaction which, in its turn, went beyond the point where it might have maintained itself. After a series of oscillations, the new centre of gravity was at last attained and became a new starting-point. The grand period of English history, known to respectability under the name of "the Great Rebellion", and the struggles succeeding it, were brought to a close by the comparatively puny events entitled by Liberal historians "the Glorious Revolution".

The new starting-point was a compromise between the rising middle-class and the ex-feudal landowners. The latter, though called, as now, the aristocracy, had been long since on the way which led them to become what Louis Philippe in France became at a much later period: "The first bourgeois of the kingdom". Fortunately for England, the old feudal barons had killed one another during the War of the Roses. Their successors, though mostly scions of the old families, had been so much out of the direct line of descent that they constituted quite a new body, with habits and tendencies far more bourgeois than feudal. They fully understood the value of money, and at once began to increase their rents by turning hundreds of small farmers out and replacing them with sheep. Henry VIII, while squandering the Church lands, created fresh bourgeois landlords by wholesale; the innumerable confiscation of estates, regranted to absolute or relative upstarts, and continued during the whole of the 17th century, had the same result. Consequently, ever since Henry VII, the English "aristocracy", far from counteracting the development of industrial production, had, on the contrary, sought to indirectly profit thereby; and there had always been a section of the great landowners willing, from economical or political reasons, to cooperate with the leading men of the financial and industrial bourgeoisie. The compromise of 1689 was, therefore, easily accomplished. The political spoils of "pelf and place" were left to the great landowning families, provided the economic interests of the financial, manufacturing, and commercial middle-class were sufficiently attended to. And these economic interests were at that time powerful enough to determine the general policy of the nation. There might be squabbles about matters of detail, but, on the whole, the aristocratic oligarchy knew too well that its own economic prosperity was irretrievably bound up with that of the industrial and commercial middle-class.

From that time, the bourgeoisie was a humble, but still a recognized, component of the ruling classes of England. With the rest of them, it had a common interest in keeping in subjection the great working mass of the nation. The merchant or manufacturer himself stood in the position of master, or, as it was until lately called, of "natural superior" to his clerks, his work-people, his domestic servants. His interest was to get as much and as good work out of them as he could; for this end, they had to be trained to proper submission. He was himself religious; his religion had supplied the standard under which he had fought the king and the lords; he was not long in discovering the opportunities this same religion offered him for working upon the minds of his natural inferiors, and making them submissive to the behests of the masters it had pleased God to place over them. In short, the English bourgeoisie now had to take a part in keeping down the "lower orders", the great producing mass of the nation, and one of the means employed for that purpose was the influence of religion.

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[spacetimewithstuartgary]

NASA's Roman space telescope's 'exoskeleton' whirls through major test

A major component of NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope just took a spin on the centrifuge at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Called the Outer Barrel Assembly, this piece of the observatory is designed to keep the telescope at a stable temperature and shield it from stray light.

The two-part spin test took place in a large, round test chamber. Stretching across the room, a 600,000-pound (272,000-kilogram) steel arm extends from a giant rotating bearing in the center of the floor.

The test itself is like a sophisticated version of a popular carnival attraction, designed to apply centrifugal force to the rider—in this case, the outer covering for Roman's telescope. It spun up to 18.4 rotations per minute. That may not sound like much, but it generated force equivalent to just over seven times Earth's gravity, or 7 g, and sent the assembly whipping around at 80 miles per hour.

"We couldn't test the entire Outer Barrel Assembly in the centrifuge in one piece because it's too large to fit in the room," said Jay Parker, product design lead for the assembly at Goddard. The structure stands about 17 feet (5 meters) tall and is about 13.5 feet (4 meters) wide. "It's designed a bit like a house on stilts, so we tested the 'house' and 'stilts' separately."

The "stilts" went first. Technically referred to as the elephant stand because of its similarity to structures used in circuses, this part of the assembly is designed to surround Roman's Wide Field Instrument and Coronagraph Instrument like scaffolding. It connects the upper portion of the Outer Barrel Assembly to the spacecraft bus, which will maneuver the observatory to its place in space and support it while there. The elephant stand was tested with weights attached to it to simulate the rest of the assembly's mass.

Next, the team tested the "house"—the shell and a connecting ring that surrounds the telescope. These parts of the assembly will ultimately be fitted with heaters to help ensure the telescope's mirrors won't experience wide temperature swings, which make materials expand and contract.

To further protect against temperature fluctuations, the Outer Barrel Assembly is mainly made of two types of carbon fibers mixed with reinforced plastic and connected with titanium end fittings. These materials are both stiff (so they won't warp or flex during temperature swings) and lightweight (reducing launch demands).

If you could peel back the side of the upper portion –– the house's "siding" –– you'd see another weight-reducing measure. Between the inner and outer panels, the material is structured like a honeycomb. This pattern is very strong and lowers weight by hollowing out portions of the interior.

Designed at Goddard and built by Applied Composites in Los Alamitos, California, Roman's Outer Barrel Assembly was delivered in pieces and then put together in a series of crane lifts in Goddard's largest clean room. It was partially disassembled for centrifuge testing, but will now be put back together and integrated with Roman's solar panels and Deployable Aperture Cover at the end of the year.

In 2025, these freshly integrated components will go through thermal vacuum testing together to ensure they will withstand the temperature and pressure environment of space. Then they'll move to a shake test to make sure they will hold up against the vibrations they'll experience during launch. Toward the end of next year, they will be integrated with the rest of the observatory.

IMAGE: This structure, called the Outer Barrel Assembly, will surround and protect NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope from stray light that could interfere with its observations. In this photo, engineers prepare the assembly for testing. Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn

[giangiaothienphu]

Maintenance and Upkeep When Renting Construction Scaffolding

In construction, scaffolding is an essential material for every project, providing workers with safe access to elevated areas and supporting equipment from below. Proper maintenance and regular upkeep of scaffolding are not only important for ensuring quality but also for extending its lifespan, increasing durability, preventing rust, and ultimately ensuring worker safety during high-altitude work.

Periodic Inspection of Scaffolding

Periodic inspections of scaffolding are crucial during the maintenance process. Every time new scaffolding is set up or after a project is completed, it is essential to conduct a thorough inspection to ensure that the scaffolding meets safety and quality standards.

Components to Check:

Scaffolding Frames: The frames should be checked for any signs of bending, cracking, or looseness. If any frames are bent, broken, or damaged, they should be immediately replaced to maintain the stability of the entire structure.

Connections: The joints between scaffolding bars are weak points that can lead to accidents. These should be inspected for looseness or rust. If any joints are loose, they should be tightened and replaced if necessary.

Metal Parts: The metal components of scaffolding, such as bolts, nuts, locks, and connectors, should be regularly checked for rust or damage. Rust can significantly weaken the metal, leading to potential breakage or failure during use. If any metal parts are rusted or damaged, they should be replaced.

Floorboards and Steps: Components like floorboards and steps should be thoroughly inspected. If floorboards are cracked or broken, they can pose a risk to workers. Any signs of wear or damage should be addressed immediately by replacing the affected parts.

Regular inspections help identify and address issues promptly, ensuring that the scaffolding operates safely and effectively throughout the construction process.

Cleaning Scaffolding After Use

Scaffolding should be cleaned after each use to maintain its quality and prevent the accumulation of materials that can cause damage. Dirt, cement, grease, and other construction materials can accumulate on the scaffolding, reducing its functionality.

Cleaning Steps:

Use a Soft Brush or Damp Cloth: After use, scaffolding should be cleaned with a soft brush or damp cloth to remove dust, debris, and leftover construction materials. This helps keep the scaffolding free from material buildup and minimizes the risk of abrasion or chemical residue.

Remove Grease and Cement Stains: If the scaffolding is covered in grease, cement, or other sticky substances, it should be cleaned with a mild detergent. This prevents metal parts from rusting and extends the life of the scaffolding.

Rinse if Necessary: If the scaffolding is heavily soiled and cannot be cleaned by the usual methods, it can be washed with water and mild soap, then allowed to dry completely before being stored.

Timely Repairs of Damaged Components

Over time, scaffolding may experience damage due to environmental factors or the stresses of construction work. If any parts of the scaffolding are found to be damaged, they should be repaired or replaced immediately to prevent accidents.

Common Damages and Repair Methods:

Broken or Bent Scaffolding Bars: Scaffolding bars may break or bend during use, especially if the scaffolding is subjected to excessive weight or impact. If this occurs, the damaged bars should be replaced to maintain the structural integrity of the scaffolding.

Rust on Metal Parts: Scaffolding's metal components are susceptible to rust when exposed to water, moisture, or chemicals. If rust is found, affected parts should be replaced or treated with rust-resistant paint to prevent further damage.

Loose Joints or Bolts: Bolts, nuts, and joints may loosen over time due to weight stress or wear. These should be regularly checked and tightened to ensure the scaffolding remains stable and secure.

Cracked or Damaged Floorboards and Steps: Floorboards and steps should be regularly inspected. If any floorboards or steps are cracked or broken, they must be replaced immediately to ensure the safety of workers.

Ensuring Safety When Using Scaffolding

One of the most important aspects of scaffolding use is ensuring the safety of workers. Scaffolding is designed to create a safe working environment, but this is only true when it is installed and maintained correctly.

Safety Measures When Using Scaffolding:

Proper Installation: Scaffolding must be installed according to the correct procedures, especially the manufacturer's guidelines. It should be placed on a stable surface and capable of supporting the weight of workers and materials. All components must be securely connected and checked thoroughly before use.

Check for Anti-Slip Features: Steps and floorboards should not be slippery. In high-humidity environments, anti-slip materials should be used for scaffolding. Ensure that surfaces on the scaffolding provide good traction to prevent workers from slipping.

Safety Barriers: Handrails, guardrails, or safety ropes must be properly installed to protect workers from falling. These safety systems must be secure and free of any looseness. Additionally, warning signs and safety instructions should be posted to remind workers of the regulations when working on scaffolding.

Proper Storage of Scaffolding When Not in Use

When scaffolding is not in use, proper storage is vital to prevent damage and prolong its lifespan. Scaffolding should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated area away from elements that may cause deterioration.

Scaffolding Storage Guidelines:

Store in a Dry Place: Scaffolding should be stored in a location that is free from high humidity to prevent rust and degradation of materials. Avoid storing scaffolding in areas that are exposed to rain or moisture.

Avoid Direct Sunlight: UV rays from sunlight can weaken the materials of scaffolding, especially plastic or rubber parts. Scaffolding should be stored in shaded areas, away from direct sunlight.

Organize Neatly: Scaffolding should be stacked neatly and not too high. Proper organization helps prevent strong impacts and reduces the risk of damaging parts.

Checking Load Capacity and Adjusting Scaffolding When Needed

Scaffolding must be able to support the weight of workers and materials throughout the construction process. Therefore, regularly checking the load capacity and making adjustments when necessary is crucial to ensure that the scaffolding remains within safe operating limits.

Load Capacity Checks:

Check Maximum Load Capacity: Scaffolding must be designed to withstand the maximum allowable load, including the weight of workers, materials, and equipment. Before use, ensure that the scaffolding is able to handle the required load.

Adjust as Necessary: If the load exceeds the allowed limits, adjustments must be made to redistribute the weight. This can be achieved by altering the scaffolding structure or adding additional supports to alleviate pressure on weaker areas.

Conclusion

Maintenance and upkeep are essential in the construction industry. Regular inspections, proper storage, and timely repairs will help scaffolding function effectively, ensuring its durability and stability. This ensures the safety of workers and prevents unexpected accidents. Scaffolding is not just a tool for construction but a key factor in ensuring the safety of the entire project. Therefore, always maintain and care for scaffolding properly to ensure it is always in optimal condition.

Additionally, when renting scaffolding, it is important to research the rental company’s reputation, past customer feedback, and credibility to ensure you select a trustworthy provider for your project.

Link: https://giangiaoviet.com/bao-tri-bao-duong-gian-giao.html

[magicalgirlfia]

I just found a really Neat detail in the Side Order trailer that someone’s probably pointed out but I’ve not seen it if it has so I’m posting this.

So. Deca Tower. Known in the present day as the Tower of Order if you’re playing in French. Or almost any language besides English because the DLC is called “Tower of Order” in almost every other language. BUT I DIGRESS.

It’s very different looking but the components of the building actually haven’t changed much.

Like they’ve taken the bits that were off centered or titled and they’ve ordered them

Nothing new has been added to the top bit of the tower except for the circles, it just looks so different because it’s been all organized (the bottom part obviously being more drastically changed. You can even see the scaffolding put up there to make it all straight and orderific (I'm running out of words, help). You can see the structure of the building too, showing that they were never meant to be aligned the way they are.

Maybe someone/thing is changing the building to make it some paragon of order (we already see the being changed to look more orderly from just the remodel of the towers base)

The way that even the slightest bit of personality we got from the slapdash way those screens and billboards were put on Deca Tower is completely absent, really lending it to the atmosphere the DLC is trying to set, and I vibe with it.

[the-consortium]

To Tzmirkes:

How are you? But still I have a few questions if you are willing to answer.

1. How did you get to the Consort

2. What's it like being with the Iron Warriors?

The workshop is a little further away from the general laboratories. Somewhere halfway to the lifts to the Low Anchor and several floors underground. It's not as if he shies away from the light of day or the regular dust storms worry him - he just prefers to have silence around him. He likes the feeling of living in the bowels of a civilisation so long dead. The whispers of eldar spirits are rarer down here, though clearer in the tranquillity. Decades ago, on a whim, he started translating a few of the recurring phrases, but quickly lost interest. He can have millennia of drama and hatred any day.

He grabs a tool and walks over to a castellax hanging in a scaffold, looking like the victim of an explosion frozen in time as quite a few parts have been folded outwards and removed.

A glance over his shoulder to the rows upon rows of tanks with mutants sleeping in nutrient fluid. Each one a combination of flesh and metal. Not with the disdain for the human part that characterises the Mechanicum. No, that's far too short-sighted and only ensures you get half the benefits.

He moves the two questions around in his mind. Looks at them from all sides and breaks them down into their components. Like a body on the operating table or like the Castellax in front of him.

It's not that he can't express himself to the point - he just prefers not to say everything that's on his mind. A quality that few at the Consortium can appreciate and even fewer share. But they respect his knowledge when it comes to bonding metal and flesh and appreciate his expertise in weapon construction.

Which makes the Consortium the better place to be - compared to his brethren. Tzimiskes likes that the Consortium encourages strangeness and obsession. It's a refuge for highly gifted madmen and the scientifically socially conspicuous. In other words, his kind of people.

But what does that do to the second question? He doesn't think about what it means to breathe. He's an Iron Warrior because he carries Perturabo's Gene Seed. That is an immutable fact. And this fatalistic attitude is perhaps exactly what it's all about? No, you're just going round in circles here.

He stands between the worlds. As an Apothecary always has been. Alone with his interests.

Well, not here!

[tianjinwellmadescaffold]

Ringlock Scaffolding Planks Manufacturing Video - Metal Planks & Steel P...

[disredspectful]

heya! I was scrolling through the tags on that ask-culture post and saw yours, and just wanted to stop by to say that that's really cool!! I was enamoured with the idea of the large hadron collider when I was a kid-- what was it like working there (if you're allowed to say)? do you have any interesting stories from those days? and were any of you amused at the rumors going around back then, that "when they turn on the LHC the world will totally end!1!!"?

(my own "funny" anecdote: I remember playing Zelda: Twilight Princess and eating a cheese sandwich that day, patiently waiting for the sky to light up or some black hole to appear, even though I knew it was fearmongering newspaper bullshit lmao... just the awe at the thought that we had a construct so powerful to smash atoms like that was rocking my world, I was so excited to see what things we would discover from it!)

Hi anon, thanks for asking!

The experience of working at the LHC will probably change a lot depending on when you are there and what you work on. I've met a few people who work on "beams", which is all about the low energy proton systems that get things started and the focusing magnets and stuff, but most people I know are on one of the four big LHC experiments: ATLAS, LHCb, CMS, and ALICE. So there's always people who do almost purely data analysis, but I think it's fun to talk about the hardware of the detectors themselves and what it feels like to work on them.

People who work on ATLAS probably have the most boring experience. Not that their detector isn't cool (it's very very cool), but ATLAS is located at the main CERN campus, so I don't think there's really much of an "ATLAS control room culture" different from the general CERN campus culture. Noone has to bike between CERN and the control room, or take the shift bus at 6am (all the bus drivers have fantastic music taste btw). They can go to the main cafeteria. Being "on a detector shift" just sort of has less of a vibe for them.

I'm going to talk about the LHCb detector because I'm fairly familiar with it and they just rebuilt the WHOLE thing in 2019-2023. So it's like they're back in 2009 again really. LHCb is about a half hour bike ride from main CERN, tucked in between the back fence of Geneva airport and a McDonald's (I like to joke that the detector is under the McDonald's but it's not). So when you're on site at LHCb, you have to hang out with other people from LHCb! And during the rebuilding period, you also get to meet a lot of the technicians. Not everyone who works on the LHC is a physicist, on the detector side we do also have some awesome people who help us put the damn thing together (electrical engineers and former mechanics). There's a lot of gruntwork to be done to put a detector together, and for me it involved cleaning and plugging in a whole lot of optical fibre connectors (to the sound of the disco radio station). There was this one spot on the stairs to the scaffold we called the "helmet check": there was a pole sticking out and people usually duck enough to miss it with their head, but still hit the helmet. Working on scaffold 3m up in the air to reach the top of the detector parts is cool.

The detector pieces are mostly assembled above ground and then moved downstairs when they're complete. To be clear, "downstairs" here is 100m underground by elevator. There's a big cylindrical hole on site ("the pit") where detector components can be lowered in by crane. I just think that's pretty cool!

Anyway if you're friends with the detector teams, you get to hear a lot of the "real facts" early and without politics. Sometimes you try not to admit the detector is behind schedule on construction until after someone else has already admitted to needing a delay. Sometimes everyone can tell that a deadline is going to be missed but you can't announce that too early just in case your estimate of how much you'll miss the deadline by is too far off. Sometimes you hear that something is broken a few days before it's officially announced. Sometimes you hear that another detector asked for a beam stop and it was to try to get a bird out of their detector cavern (I don't think they ever found the bird). I know in the early years there was a months long repair shutdown caused by a pine marten chewing through an important power cable. LHCb has a local cat that drops by to visit and people put photos of it on twitter.

I wasn't on the project early enough for the first turn on, but I was really glad to be around for this upgrade period. Seeing the detector up close really gives you a sense of the scale (huge), and working on the details really lets you know how much time and care and effort goes into it. And that's without even discussing the software and computing stuff! Huge project for humanity overall, such a privilege to be there myself for a little bit of it and have put my hands on it (while appropriately electrically grounded of course).

The whole thing was a pretty unique life experience. Long and busy days at the detector, but cool, and having lunch (or on site BBQ) with my colleagues was always great. I think I'll always miss it, but I don't regret changing jobs to have a better work life balance.

Don't know if that was what you were hoping to learn, this was kind of a hardware and lifestyle based ramble. Feel free to ask follow up questions or ask more about the science/data analysis side, there's lots of stories there too!

(And if you're in Geneva over winter, try to get yourself on a tour of one of the detectors! You can't go in the other months when the beam is on, winter is guaranteed Tour Time but there is sometimes a week or so in summer.)

[krishnairon]

Strength and Safety: How Indian Manufacturers Are Reshaping Construction with Hot Rolled Strips

Introduction: Safety is Not a Luxury—It’s a Necessity

In the world of construction, safety is not just a guideline—it is a commitment. Every beam erected, every scaffold installed, and every structure raised carries human lives in its balance. The quality of materials used can be the difference between security and tragedy. Today, responsible and forward-thinking Hot Rolled Strips Manufacturers in India are taking this commitment seriously, reshaping the landscape of Indian construction by prioritizing structural integrity, consistency, and above all, safety.

This shift is not driven by profit margins but by an urgent need to protect the countless lives that depend on durable and dependable construction. Engineers, laborers, site managers, and end-users all rely on the invisible backbone of metal components that hold everything together. These manufacturers understand that their materials aren’t just products—they are lifelines.

Understanding Hot Rolled Strips and Their Crucial Role

What Are Hot Rolled Strips?

Hot rolled strips are steel products processed at high temperatures and then rolled into thin sheets or strips. These strips form the foundational raw material for countless construction components, including scaffolding parts, structural beams, pipelines, and machinery frames. They are valued for their:

High strength and flexibility

Cost-effectiveness in large-scale projects

Ability to be easily shaped and fabricated

Why Quality Matters More Than Ever

In the pursuit of faster and taller buildings, cutting corners on material quality can—and does—lead to accidents. The reality is sobering. Structural collapses, scaffold failures, and pipeline ruptures are too often the result of substandard materials. Responsible Hot Rolled Strips Manufacturers in India are stepping up by investing in:

Advanced rolling mills with precision controls

BIS and ISO-certified processes

Rigorous internal testing for thickness, tensile strength, and fatigue

These efforts ensure that the end materials are not just strong on paper—but dependable under pressure, time, and the unpredictable conditions of a live construction site.

The Human Cost of Compromising Material Integrity

Behind every construction mishap is a human story—an injured worker, a delayed project, a grieving family. It’s easy to lose sight of these truths in boardrooms and budget meetings. But the people at the heart of the manufacturing sector—engineers, metallurgists, and safety officers—see it differently.

For them, every shipment of hot rolled strips carries a moral responsibility. A poorly made strip can compromise an entire structure. This deep empathy for end users, especially those working on the frontlines of construction, is why top-tier Indian manufacturers are taking a more holistic approach. They are no longer just supplying materials—they are partnering in the mission to build a safer nation.

The Growing Role of ERW Square Section Pipes in Modern Infrastructure

Expanding Applications in Safety-Critical Areas

Scaffolding, temporary support structures, guardrails, and formwork systems all rely on a secondary but vital class of steel products: ERW square section pipes. These are formed through Electric Resistance Welding and provide excellent load-bearing capability due to their uniform structure and cross-sectional strength.

Today, trusted ERW Square Section Pipes Manufacturers in India are complementing the work of hot rolled strip producers by delivering piping solutions that are:

Dimensionally consistent and easy to install

Resistant to corrosion and environmental fatigue

Engineered to handle both static and dynamic loads

Together, these components form the frame upon which safe construction stands. A worker climbing a scaffold, a child entering a newly built school, or a technician on a maintenance platform—all unknowingly rely on these systems. That’s why empathy must inform every stage of manufacturing—from raw material to final assembly.

Safety Through Standards: What Responsible Manufacturers Are Doing Differently

It’s Not About Checking Boxes—It’s About Saving Lives

The best manufacturers in the industry are moving beyond mere compliance. Instead of simply meeting required IS or ASTM codes, they are:

Investing in third-party audits for quality verification

Developing in-house safety simulation labs

Offering training and education to project engineers and site managers

They are creating products that are not only code-compliant but life-compliant. Because the end goal isn't to sell steel—it's to prevent preventable accidents.

Collaboration Across Industries

Hot rolled strip producers often work closely with pipe manufacturers, structural engineers, and construction consultants to ensure compatibility and safe application of their materials. This cross-functional dialogue is not just about market synergy—it’s about developing systems of safety, not isolated parts.

Building Responsibly: Sustainability in Manufacturing

Eco-Conscious Materials, Long-Term Value

In addition to safety, sustainability has become a moral and professional obligation. Forward-thinking Indian manufacturers are:

Using recycled steel wherever applicable

Minimizing energy consumption during the rolling process

Reducing wastage through precision-controlled cutting

This results in products that are not only safer but also kinder to the environment. It’s a model where industry growth and environmental stewardship walk hand in hand.

Addressing the Real Challenges in the Indian Construction Ecosystem

Counterfeit and Low-Quality Imports

The Indian market continues to face the challenge of counterfeit or under-specification materials being sold at lower prices. While cheaper in the short run, these materials pose severe long-term risks. Reputed manufacturers are leading advocacy for:

Tighter regulations and better enforcement at ports and distribution centers

Awareness campaigns among contractors and builders about the dangers of non-certified materials

Lack of Awareness Among Smaller Builders

Many small and mid-scale contractors are unaware of the benefits and long-term cost savings of using high-quality steel. Leading manufacturers are launching:

Outreach initiatives

Free safety audits

Training modules for local engineers and site workers

Because education is just as vital as innovation in the mission for safer infrastructure.

The Road Ahead: How Do We Keep Improving?

Investing in Research and Development

Modern Indian manufacturers understand that the materials we use today must evolve to meet the challenges of tomorrow. The industry is actively investing in:

Nanostructured steel for higher strength-to-weight ratios

Coated steel strips and pipes for marine or chemical applications

Data-driven quality control using AI and real-time sensors

Fostering a Culture of Responsibility

Ultimately, the evolution of construction safety in India depends not just on better products—but on better values. Manufacturers, contractors, regulators, and even consumers must come together to uphold a culture where:

Cutting corners is no longer acceptable

Human safety takes precedence over financial shortcuts

Quality is seen as a non-negotiable commitment

Conclusion: We’re Not Just Building Structures—We’re Protecting Lives

As we look around at India’s growing skylines, sprawling highways, and rising townships, we must remember that behind each of these achievements lies a quiet, invisible foundation—materials forged with care, precision, and a deep understanding of their impact.

Hot Rolled Strips Manufacturers in India are at the forefront of this transformation. They are proving that industry success does not have to come at the cost of ethics. They are showing that empathy and engineering can—and must—coexist. With the support of allied sectors like ERW Square Section Pipes Manufacturers in India, this new generation of manufacturers is not just producing steel; they are building the backbone of a safer, stronger, and more compassionate India.

Let us not forget: behind every beam is a worker’s hand, a family’s hope, and a nation’s future. And that’s a responsibility no manufacturer should ever take lightly.

[novaformworksblr]

Scaffolding Shuttering: Backbone of Modern Construction | Nova Formworksblr

In the ever-evolving world of construction, safety, precision, and efficiency stand as the core pillars of successful project execution. Among the most essential components ensuring these qualities are scaffolding and shuttering systems. At Nova Formworksblr, we take pride in offering state-of-the-art scaffolding shuttering solutions designed to meet the needs of modern infrastructure and real estate developments.

Understanding Scaffolding Shuttering

Before diving into the specifics, it’s important to understand what scaffolding shuttering entails.

Scaffolding is a temporary structure used to support work crews and materials while constructing, maintaining, or repairing buildings and other man-made structures. It provides a safe and stable working platform at various heights.

Shuttering, often used interchangeably with formwork, refers to the temporary molds into which concrete is poured to achieve the desired structural shape until it sets and gains sufficient strength.

Together, these systems form a vital part of the construction process, facilitating everything from foundation laying to multi-story developments.

Importance in the Construction Industry

Scaffolding shuttering plays a critical role in construction for several reasons:

Ensures Structural Integrity

Shuttering allows concrete to retain its shape while it cures, ensuring the final structure is sound and dimensionally accurate. Poor-quality formwork can result in weak structures, which is why professional shuttering systems, like those from Nova Formworksblr, are essential.

Enhances Worker Safety

Scaffolding provides a secure platform for workers, tools, and materials, particularly in high-rise projects. Our modular and sturdy scaffolding systems are engineered to handle variable loads while maximizing safety on-site.

Improves Efficiency

Both scaffolding and shuttering systems, when designed and installed correctly, drastically reduce construction time. Prefabricated shuttering panels and easy-to-install scaffolding structures help streamline workflow and minimize delays.

Reduces Wastage

Modern shuttering solutions from Nova Formworksblr are reusable and eco-friendly, significantly reducing material wastage. Our systems are made of durable plastic and composites, replacing the need for traditional timber-based solutions.

Why Choose Nova Formworksblr?

As a leading provider of scaffolding shuttering solutions, Nova Formworksblr has revolutionized the construction support system industry with innovative, cost-effective, and sustainable products. Here’s what sets us apart:

Advanced Material Technology

Our shuttering systems are made using high-grade polymers and composites that are both lightweight and incredibly durable. Unlike traditional plywood shuttering, our products do not absorb water, swell, or deteriorate with repeated use.

Modular Design

All our scaffolding and shuttering systems are modular in nature. This makes them easy to transport, assemble, and dismantle. The modular design also allows for adaptability to a variety of structures and architectural needs.

Eco-Friendly Solutions

By offering reusable systems, we contribute significantly to reducing the carbon footprint in the construction industry. Our plastic formwork systems can be used over 100 times, making them a greener alternative to conventional materials.

Customizable Offerings

Nova Formworksblr understands that every project has unique demands. That’s why we offer customizable solutions in terms of size, shape, and load-bearing capacity. Whether it’s a residential project or a complex commercial structure, we’ve got you covered.

Expert Support

From planning to implementation, our team of experts provides end-to-end support for scaffolding and shuttering installations. We also offer training and supervision to ensure systems are used efficiently and safely.

Applications of Scaffolding Shuttering

Our scaffolding shuttering systems find applications in a wide range of construction projects, including:

High-rise buildings

Bridges and flyovers

Commercial complexes

Residential apartments

Industrial structures

Tunnels and dams

With a vast product range that caters to both standard and specialized construction needs, Nova Formworksblr has become a trusted name across the industry.

Future of Scaffolding Shuttering

With the construction industry moving towards automation, prefabrication, and green building technologies, scaffolding shuttering solutions are evolving rapidly. At Nova Formworksblr, we are at the forefront of this transition, continuously innovating our products to support the buildings of tomorrow.

We foresee an increased demand for smart shuttering systems with embedded sensors to monitor concrete curing, and automated scaffolding systems that improve safety and reduce labor costs. By investing in research and development, we aim to lead the future of construction support systems in India and beyond.

Conclusion

The importance of scaffolding shuttering in modern construction cannot be overstated. It is the invisible backbone that holds every project together — literally and figuratively. At Nova Formworksblr, we are committed to delivering cutting-edge, sustainable, and efficient scaffolding and shuttering solutions that enhance construction quality, speed, and safety.

Whether you are building a simple residential home or a massive infrastructure project, trust Nova Formworksblr to provide the scaffolding shuttering systems that set the foundation for success.

Contact us today to learn more about how our products can elevate your next construction project.

[darkmaga-returns]

Genes: The Blueprint for Susceptibility

Autism is a developmental condition that arises from the intersection of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Genetic variation alone does not cause autism in the vast majority of cases—if it did, monozygotic twins would be 100% concordant. Instead, susceptibility genes influence how an individual responds to environmental factors such as immune activation, toxins, dietary components, and infections.

In toxicological and systems biology terms, these genes are modifiers of effect. They shape the body’s ability to detoxify, repair, regulate, and adapt. When challenged with environmental insults—such as heavy metals, which are increasingly implicated in ASD pathophysiology—these gene variants may amplify the damage, reduce the efficiency of detoxification pathways, or exacerbate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

That is not confounding. That is mechanism.

What Is a Confounder?

Let’s revisit the epidemiological definition for clarity. A confounder is a variable that:

Is associated with both the exposure and the outcome,

Is not in the causal pathway between them, and

Can distort or obscure the apparent relationship between the exposure and the outcome.

Take for instance, socioeconomic status (SES). Lower SES may be associated with both higher environmental toxin exposure and higher likelihood of ASD diagnosis. If not properly controlled for, SES could create a false association between environmental exposure and ASD. That’s a confounder.

But genes? Genes don’t hide causal relationships. They modify them. Genes sit at the very foundation of the causal web—part of the scaffold that determines whether an environmental exposure results in damage, or is handled gracefully and discarded.