#Solutions for ocean acidification

[greenthestral]

Unveiling the Secrets of Life Below Water: Goal 14 for a Sustainable Future

In our journey towards achieving a sustainable future, Goal 14 of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) plays a pivotal role. Life Below Water, as it is commonly referred to, focuses on the preservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources. With this goal, the international community aims to safeguard marine ecosystems, mitigate the impacts of human activities, and promote sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities. This article delves into the significance of Goal 14, explores the challenges faced, and highlights the initiatives that can help us ensure a healthier and more vibrant life below water.

Understanding the Importance of Goal 14

The Earth's oceans are vast and cover more than 70% of the planet's surface. They are teeming with life and harbor a remarkable diversity of species and ecosystems. From the mesmerizing coral reefs to the mysterious depths of the abyss, the oceans are a treasure trove of biodiversity, supporting millions of species, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Beyond their ecological significance, the oceans play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate. They act as a massive heat sink, absorbing a significant amount of the sun's energy and distributing it across the planet. Additionally, oceans play a vital role in the water cycle, facilitating the evaporation of water, which then falls as precipitation and sustains terrestrial ecosystems.

The oceans are not only important for the environment but also for human societies. They provide sustenance to millions of people around the world. Fishing, both for subsistence and commercial purposes, is a primary source of livelihood for coastal communities. The oceans also support economic activities such as tourism, shipping, and offshore industries, contributing significantly to global economies.

However, the delicate balance of marine ecosystems is under threat due to various human activities. Overfishing, driven by unsustainable practices and the demand for seafood, has led to the depletion of fish stocks worldwide. Large-scale industrial fishing, with destructive methods such as bottom trawling, threatens not only the targeted species but also the entire marine food web.

Marine pollution is another significant challenge faced by the oceans. Pollution from land-based sources, including plastic waste, chemicals, oil spills, and agricultural runoff, finds its way into the marine environment, causing severe harm to marine life and ecosystems. The accumulation of plastic debris in the oceans has reached alarming levels, forming giant garbage patches and causing entanglement and ingestion by marine organisms.

Habitat destruction and degradation are also taking a toll on marine ecosystems. Destructive practices such as coral reef destruction, coastal development, and the destruction of mangroves and seagrass beds result in the loss of critical habitats and the disruption of delicate ecological relationships. These habitats serve as nurseries and breeding grounds for many species, and their loss has far-reaching consequences for marine biodiversity.

Furthermore, climate change poses one of the most significant threats to life below water. Rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise are already impacting marine ecosystems. Corals, which are vital for the survival of countless marine species, are particularly vulnerable to rising temperatures and increased ocean acidity, leading to coral bleaching events and the degradation of coral reefs.

In recognition of the urgent need to protect and sustainably manage marine resources, Goal 14 of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was established. Also known as Life Below Water, this goal aims to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and marine resources for present and future generations.

Goal 14 encompasses various targets and indicators to guide efforts towards sustainable ocean management. One of the key focuses is the protection and restoration of coral reefs, which are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. Coral reefs provide habitat for numerous species, protect coastlines from erosion, and support vibrant tourism industries. By implementing measures to reduce coral bleaching, enhance reef resilience, and combat destructive practices, Goal 14 seeks to safeguard these vital ecosystems.

Another critical aspect of Goal 14 is the reduction of marine pollution. It calls for the prevention and significant reduction of marine debris, particularly plastic waste. Efforts are being made to promote better waste management systems, recycling and reusing plastics, and raising awareness about the detrimental effects of single-use plastics. Innovative technologies for ocean cleanup are also being developed to tackle existing pollution.

To address the issue of overfishing, Goal 14 emphasizes the need to restore fish stocks to sustainable levels. This involves implementing science-based management plans, combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, and promoting responsible fishing practices. Creating marine protected areas and adopting ecosystem-based management approaches can help protect critical habitats and ensure the long-term viability of fisheries.

Furthermore, Goal 14 acknowledges the urgent need to address ocean acidification, which poses a grave risk to marine organisms. By reducing carbon dioxide emissions and taking steps to enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems, such as protecting mangroves and seagrass beds, this goal aims to mitigate the impacts of ocean acidification and ensure the survival of vulnerable species.

Achieving Goal 14 requires a collaborative effort from governments, businesses, civil society organizations, and individuals worldwide. International cooperation is crucial to strengthen governance frameworks, regulate resource exploitation, combat illegal fishing, and promote sustainable practices. By taking collective action and embracing sustainable approaches, we can secure a healthier and more vibrant future for life below water.

Challenges and Threats to Life Below Water

The life below water faces a multitude of challenges that require immediate attention and concerted efforts. Overfishing, driven by unsustainable practices and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, has led to a decline in fish stocks worldwide. The loss of biodiversity affects not only marine ecosystems but also the communities that depend on them for food security and economic opportunities.

Marine pollution poses another significant threat. Plastic waste, chemicals, oil spills, and other pollutants contaminate the oceans, harming marine life and ecosystems. The accumulation of plastic debris, in particular, has gained global attention due to its devastating impact on marine organisms and the potential consequences for human health through the food chain.

Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, poses a grave risk to marine organisms such as corals, shellfish, and plankton. Acidic waters can hinder the growth and survival of these organisms, disrupting the entire marine food web and impacting the livelihoods of coastal communities.

 Initiatives and Solutions for a Sustainable Life Below Water

Achieving Goal 14 requires a comprehensive approach involving governments, businesses, civil society, and individuals. Several initiatives and solutions have emerged to address the challenges faced by life below water:

Sustainable Fisheries Management: Implementing science-based management plans, promoting responsible fishing practices, and combating illegal fishing are crucial steps towards replenishing fish stocks and ensuring the long-term sustainability of fisheries. Tools like marine protected areas and ecosystem-based management help preserve critical habitats and protect biodiversity.

Marine Pollution Prevention: Reducing plastic pollution and other sources of marine debris is vital. This can be achieved through improved waste management systems, recycling and reusing plastics, and raising awareness about the consequences of single-use plastics. Additionally, promoting the use of biodegradable alternatives and supporting innovative technologies for ocean cleanup can help mitigate the impact of existing pollution.

Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Addressing climate change is fundamental to preserving life below water. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting sustainable coastal development are essential steps in mitigating the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. Additionally, enhancing the resilience of coastal communities through measures such as mangrove restoration, coastal protection, and sustainable tourism can aid adaptation efforts.

International Cooperation and Governance: Collaboration among nations is crucial for the effective implementation of Goal 14. Strengthening international frameworks, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and promoting regional cooperation can help combat illegal fishing, regulate resource exploitation, and ensure the sustainable use of marine resources.

Conclusion

Preserving life below water is not only crucial for the health of our oceans but also for the overall well-being of our planet. Goal 14 provides a roadmap for sustainable ocean management, aiming to conserve marine biodiversity, mitigate pollution, and promote the sustainable use of marine resources. By taking action at individual, local, and global levels, we can make a significant difference in ensuring a healthier and more vibrant future for life below water. Let us join hands and work together to safeguard the oceans for generations to come.

[exhaled-spirals]

« To mention the global loss of biodiversity, that is to say, the disappearance of life on our planet, as one of our problems, along with air pollution or ocean acidification, is absurd—like a doctor listing the death of his patient as one symptom among others.

The ecological catastrophe cannot be reduced to the climate crisis. We must think about the disappearance of life in a global way. About two-thirds of insects, wild mammals and trees disappeared in a few years, a few decades and a few millennia, respectively. This mass extinction is not mainly caused by rising temperatures, but by the devastation of natural habitats.

Suppose we managed to invent clean and unlimited energy. This technological feat would be feted by the vast majority of scientists, synonymous in their eyes with a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions. In my opinion, it would lead to an even worse disaster. I am deeply convinced that, given the current state of our appetites and values, this energy would be used to intensify our gigantic project of systemic destruction of planetary life. Isn't that what we've set out to do—replace forests with supermarket parking lots, turn the planet into a landfill? What if, to cap it all, energy was free?

[...C]limate change has emerged as our most important ecological battle [...] because it is one that can perpetuate the delusional idea that we are faced with an engineering problem, in need of technological solutions. At the heart of current political and economic thought lies the idea that an ideal world would be a world in which we could continue to live in the same way, with fewer negative externalities. This is insane on several levels. Firstly because it is impossible. We can't have infinite growth in a finite world. We won't. But also, and more importantly, it is not desirable. Even if it were sustainable, the reality we construct is hell. [...]

It is often said that our Western world is desacralised. In reality, our civilisation treats the technosphere with almost devout reverence. And that's worse. We perceive the totality of reality through the prism of a hegemonic science, convinced that it “says” the only truth.

The problem is that technology is based on a very strange principle, so deeply ingrained in us that it remains unexpressed: no brakes are acceptable, what can be done must be done. We don't even bother to seriously and collectively debate the advisability of such "advances". We are under a spell. And we are avoiding the essential question: is this world in the making, standardised and computed, overbuilt and predictable, stripped of stars and birds, desirable?

To confine science to the search for "solutions" so we can continue down the same path is to lack both imagination and ambition. Because the “problem” we face doesn't seem to me, at this point, to be understood. No hope is possible if we don't start by questioning our assumptions, our values, our appetites, our symbols... [...] Let's stop pretending that the numerous and diverse human societies that have populated this planet did not exist. Certainly, some of them have taken the wrong route. But ours is the first to forge ahead towards guaranteed failure. »

— Aurélien Barrau, particle physicist and philosopher, in an interview in Télérama about his book L'Hypothèse K

[tanadrin]

can't climate change easily be solved with infrastructure projects like sea walls that the dutch have

with sea walls? uh. i don't think there's enough concrete to build a sea wall across every coastline on earth. and lots of places it wouldn't matter--if you're building on porous limestone, it will just seep up through that. and then you get other effects--you will note that concrete sea walls do not occur in nature, and you're going to massively alter erosion patterns and increase your vulnerability to tsunamis.

sea level rise is only one part of the concern around climate change anyway. increased desertification, rendering currently densely populated regions far less habitable, droughts and flooding resulting from shifting weather patterns, destruction of property due to wildfires, and negative impacts on food production are all going to occur to some extent or another.

if the amount of carbon in the atmosphere gets really high, the severity of these effects will not scale in a simple proportional manner to the amount of warming. carbon sinks like the amazon may cease to function, ocean currents may be altered, ocean acidification may alter marine habitats so much that specific industries like fishing are severely affected.

at a certain point it will make economic sense to bite the bullet and engage in geoengineering projects like injecting aerosols into the upper atmosphere--these projects may have negative environmental effects (like acid rain in the case of sulfur aerosols), but they will be less than the climate continuing to heat up. unfortunately these would be stopgap measures only: problems like ocean acidification aren't going to be affected at all. if co2 levels get too high human brain function starts to be affected.

there really is no long term solution for the problems caused by co2 emissions other than there being less co2 in the atmosphere. because carbon capture technology is still not very sophisticated, this means our best bet, by far, is to just not emit that co2 in the first place. personally i think good ol' nuclear power shows promise--modern technology can make it pretty darn clean and safe! even if we ultimately want to switch to other energy sources, fission is a good transitional option while we flesh out those technologies. continuing to burn coal (the stopgap a lot of anti-nuclear types seem to prefer) is not.

[dykeulous]

it is time we shift out of our comfort zones & understand the importance of battling global warming, while also understanding that the recent movement of bringing awareness to the climate situation isn’t so helpful. we must be aware of the socio-economic factors and take them into account. pertaining to such a serious topic can be overwhelming, but we have to realize how the handlebars of our system are tricking us, and also realize our own recklessness.

we need to battle our system in order to save our planet. deforestation, the emission of greenhouse gases, forest fires, ocean acidification and ultimately climate change all bring concern to humankind. we have the climate change deniers, who refuse to acknowledge it. they consist of large corporations that are the most responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases that result in climate change, and eventual global warming. some of them have this dangerous belief that somehow full militarization & private armies will help battle global warming. then, we have the equally dangerous green capitalism: while masked as good, it brings no real change. many types of fast-growing corporations promote the idea of “reformed” and “sustainable” capitalism. reformists will never understand that the system that is the root cause of all these issues to begin with could never be the solution. battling the system that’s keeping us chained up, as well as tormenting the planet we live on with its' fiery teeth and diabolic claws is necessary. (part 1)

[notwiselybuttoowell]

Sir Patrick Vallance is the UK government’s chief scientific adviser

The relationship between humans and nature is under intense and increasing strain. The report released today by Ipbes, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (akin to the IPCC reports on climate change), provides compelling evidence that humans are overexploiting wild species and habitats. Harmful activities, including habitat destruction, poor farming practices and pollution, have altered ecosystems significantly, driving many species past the point of recovery. In Great Britain alone, of the 8,431 species assessed in the 2019 State of Nature report, 1,188 are threatened with extinction. Globally, there are an estimated one million at risk, with biodiversity declining at a faster rate than at any time in human history.

We cannot ignore biodiversity loss. Biodiversity is the variability that exists among all living organisms, between different species, within species including genetic makeup, and in wider ecosystems. Billions of people rely on wild species for food, clean water, energy, income and health and wellbeing. Annually, crops worth up to £480bn are pollinated by a variety of wild animals, and an estimated 4 billion people depend on natural medicines for their healthcare. These vital ecosystem services are fundamentally based on a healthy environment, and this requires biodiversity. Losing biodiversity leaves species and ecosystems less resilient to challenges such as invasive species or pests, meaning there is an increased risk of whole populations being wiped out and destabilising the entire ecological network. Nature is a finite resource, and human self-interest alone should determine that biodiversity must be protected.

Alongside overexploitation, humans are driving biodiversity loss by destroying, polluting and fragmenting habitats across the globe. Many of the UK’s important peatlands, which provide a home for rare species such as the hen harrier, have been drained for agricultural use. The Amazon rainforest is being cleared to such an extent that it may be near a tipping point beyond which it cannot recover.

The climate crisis is exacerbating the issue. Many species simply cannot adapt to the scale and pace of changing temperatures. For example, warming seas and ocean acidification are devastating coral reefs around the world. This year, the Great Barrier Reef suffered its sixth mass bleaching event since 1998 with more than 90% of reefs affected. In many cases, when an ecosystem loses biodiversity, it becomes less able to store carbon, contributing to further climate change. We have a vicious cycle: climate change leads to biodiversity losses, which in turn leads to further climate change. As governments around the world develop plans to reduce carbon emissions and conserve biodiversity, the message isthe message is simple: we must solve both problems together.

What can be done? Just as science has diagnosed the problem, it can provide solutions. Using strong evidence, such as this Ipbes report, governments can develop effective policy. Integrated and collaborative planning can deliver sustainable solutions which address climate change and biodiversity loss simultaneously, protecting and enriching human lives.

In southern India, scientists, Indigenous communities and local government have worked collaboratively to protect and restore mangrove forests. The trees’ interconnecting large-root systems offer protection against rising sea levels, provide habitats for fish and crustaceans, and clean surrounding water. The trees also draw and store carbon from the atmosphere and encourage carbon-rich sediment deposits. The increase in wildlife has benefited small scale fisheries and tourism. Innovative and effective nature-based initiatives such as these could be implemented throughout different landscapes across the planet.

There are also simple day-to-day things we can do to benefit our environment; for instance, reducing food waste. Currently about 30% of all food produced globally goes uneaten, meaning a significant proportion of the resources, and importantly the land used to grow, process, pack and transport it, is wasted and less able to support biodiversity.

Political will and leadership are needed, and the 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity conference in December, CBD Cop15, provides the next critical opportunity for governments to commit to real ambitious change.

CBD Cop15 could deliver landmark action and be as important for biodiversity as the Paris Agreement is proving for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It will set the direction for the next decade of international action and beyond. Governments should agree to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030, and develop evidence-based, actionable plans to do so. An important challenge is to define a reliable and simple integrated metric, like carbon emissions have been used for climate goals. At the end of June, negotiators met in Nairobi for their latest attempt to agree the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, and while progress was made, it did not go far enough.

The last decade’s targets were not met; the next decade’s must be. Credible delivery plans will be required, and we need a robust mechanism for monitoring progress and holding ourselves to account. CBD Cop15 is the time to finalise the framework, and countries must come to the table prepared to make and support ambitious commitments. This is our chance to secure long-lasting agreements to protect our planet.

[samschimmel]

Climate Change and the Future of Alaska Native Communities

Climate change is a global phenomenon, but its effects are not distributed equally. Indigenous communities, particularly those with deep ties to their lands and traditional ways of life, are often among the first and most severely impacted. In Alaska, a region shaped by glaciers and permafrost, the consequences of a warming planet are threatening and altering the very foundation of Alaska Native cultures.

Subsistence hunting and fishing have for millennia served as the cornerstones of Alaska Native food security and cultural identity. Rising temperatures disrupt these practices in several ways. Warming oceans cause fish populations to shift in distribution and abundance. More extreme weather events are making hunting and fishing expeditions more dangerous, and melting permafrost is comprising ice houses and ice cellars used for food storage. Sea ice, crucial for hunting marine mammals like seals and walrus, is forming later and breaking up earlier, shortening the window for safe hunts of such animals.

This disruption to traditional food sources has a ripple effect on Alaska Native nutritional health and well-being. Reduced access to sustenance resources and decreased fish and wild game populations lead to food insecurity, depriving Alaska Native families of essential nutrients and causing malnutrition. Shifting to store-bought foods to compensate for the decline in traditional foods can exacerbate this issue, due to high price points on nutritional foods and the exorbitant cost of importing even low-quality processed goods. Malnutrition can increase diet-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease.

Moreover, the physical landscape of Alaska is also undergoing dramatic transformations that impact Alaska Native communities. Permafrost thaw is causing coastal erosion, threatening villages and infrastructure. Rising sea levels further endanger Alaska Native communities, many of which are located on the coast or near rivers. The relocation of entire villages, a drastic measure that some communities have already undertaken, is the only option remaining in several areas. However, relocation is a costly and complex endeavor that requires identifying suitable relocation sites, securing funding, and ensuring the new location can support traditional practices and cultural identity. For some Alaska Natives, relocation may also pose a risk to cultural identity and social cohesion.

Climate change subsequently presents numerous health problems in Alaska Native communities, as well as exacerbates existing traumas from forced displacement and land dispossession due to colonialism. Mental health issues like anxiety and depression are on the rise as residents grapple with the disruption or loss of cultural traditions and the uncertainty surrounding their future.

Despite these challenges, Alaska Native communities are at the forefront of food-related climate adaptation efforts, drawing on traditional knowledge and scientific expertise to develop solutions. This includes implementing programs to monitor and address harmful algal blooms, as well as restoring wild clam populations through mariculture projects. There's also a focus on community agriculture as an alternative to wild hunts, taking advantage of warmer temperatures that allow for more crop cultivation. Additionally, Alaska Native communities are developing kelp farms in order to combat ocean acidification and absorb carbon dioxide.

The future of Alaska Native communities is intricately linked to the health of the environment they inhabit. Climate change presents a serious threat to their way of life, but it also serves as a catalyst for innovation and collaboration. Many Alaska Native communities are vocal advocates for climate action on a national and international scale, and their voices are crucial in raising awareness about the disproportionate impact of climate change on Indigenous communities around the world. International organizations like the United Nations emphasize the importance of including Indigenous knowledge in developing climate solutions. By combining traditional knowledge with scientific advancements and advocating for systemic change, Alaska Natives help ensure a future where their cultures and communities can thrive.

[harshitabito]

Reduce Carbon Footprint in your professional cleaning 

The term "carbon footprint" has gained significant popularity in eco-friendly cleaning practices. For measuring the environmental impact of cleaning products and practices this term plays a vital role.  By reducing the carbon footprint in your professional cleaning you can save humans from harsh chemicals and the environment from degradation. Study says by using eco-friendly cleaning products you can reduce your carbon footprint by a huge margin. They are far better to use on hard surfaces because compounds are less corrosive and will clean gently without being harsh and damaging. These cleaners are also safer for humans because of their biodegradable qualities and less use of chemicals.

What does Carbon footprint stand for?

In today’s time the world faces a sufficient amount of environmental degradation and carbon dioxide is the major contributor to this. It’s responsible for global warming, increasing the level of ocean acidification, rising sea levels, and many more unhealthy environmental changes. And carbon footprint is a huge contributor to making carbon dioxide and methane that are generated by our actions.

Use eco-friendly products for your cleaning practices to reduce your carbon footprint.

How do Vikr's eco-friendly cleaning products help to remove carbon footprints?

Upper studies suggest that by the use of eco-friendly products, you can reduce your carbon footprint. Our Vikr eco-friendly cleaning products help you to complete these promises by providing a wide range of eco-friendly cleaning products that are made of less harmful chemicals. In our products, we minimize the use of harmful chemicals and utilize biodegradable ingredients. By prioritizing natural ingredients, we ensure that our products deliver powerful cleaning performance without compromising on health or environmental impact.

Vikr eco-friendly cleaning products are based on advanced enzyme solutions and by using them you can give superior cleaning to your surface while also being safe around people or pets. This enzyme-based solution is highly effective at breaking down tough stains, grease, and doors and provides a deep and thoroughly clean surface. and its biodegradable quality makes them naturally friendly without harming the environment.

That’s how Vikr eco-friendly cleaning products provide you with powerful cleaning solutions products without compromising the health of your staff and your initiative towards your planet.

[smilethroughtherain]

The Impact of Climate Change on Global Food Security

The Increasing Threat to Food Production and Distribution

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of our time, with far-reaching consequences for various aspects of human life. One of the most critical areas affected by climate change is global food security. As temperatures rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, and ecosystems are disrupted, the ability to produce and distribute food on a global scale is increasingly compromised.

This article delves into the impact of climate change on food security, exploring the challenges faced by farmers, the vulnerability of food systems, and the potential solutions that can mitigate the effects of this crisis.

Rising Temperatures and Changing Weather Patterns

Climate change is causing a steady increase in global temperatures, leading to changes in weather patterns across the globe. Rising temperatures affect crop growth and productivity, as different crops require specific temperature ranges for optimal growth. Heatwaves and droughts are becoming more frequent and severe, resulting in reduced crop yields and even crop failures in some regions.

Additionally, changing weather patterns disrupt the timing of planting and harvesting, further compromising food production.

For example, in the breadbasket regions of the United States, such as the Midwest, prolonged heatwaves and droughts have significantly impacted corn and soybean yields, leading to higher food prices and economic losses for farmers. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for many, unpredictable rainfall patterns and prolonged dry spells have resulted in food shortages and increased food insecurity.

Ecosystem Disruption and Loss of Biodiversity

Climate change also poses a significant threat to ecosystems and biodiversity, which are crucial for maintaining healthy and productive agricultural systems. Ecosystem disruption, such as deforestation and habitat loss, reduces the resilience of agricultural landscapes and makes them more susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Loss of biodiversity, including pollinators like bees and butterflies, further hampers crop production and reduces food availability.

For instance, the decline in bee populations due to habitat loss and pesticide use has raised concerns about the pollination of crops that depend on these essential pollinators. Without adequate pollination, crop yields decline, leading to reduced food production. Similarly, the destruction of coral reefs due to rising ocean temperatures and acidification threatens the livelihoods of millions who rely on fish as a primary source of protein.

Vulnerability of Food Systems and Supply Chains

The complex web of food systems and global supply chains is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. As extreme weather events become more frequent, disruptions in transportation and infrastructure can lead to delays in food distribution and increased food waste. Vulnerable populations, such as those in low-income countries and regions already facing food insecurity, are disproportionately affected by these disruptions.

Furthermore, small-scale farmers, who make up a significant portion of the global agricultural workforce, often lack the resources and support to adapt to the changing climate. They face challenges such as limited access to credit, technology, and information, making it difficult for them to adopt climate-resilient farming practices. This not only threatens their livelihoods but also exacerbates food insecurity in their communities.

Mitigating the Effects of Climate Change on Food Security

Addressing the impact of climate change on global food security requires a multi-faceted approach that encompasses both adaptation and mitigation strategies. Adaptation measures include promoting climate-smart agricultural practices, such as agroforestry, conservation agriculture, and precision farming, which enhance the resilience of agricultural systems to climate variability.

Investing in research and development to breed climate-resilient crop varieties and improving irrigation systems can also help farmers adapt to changing climatic conditions. Additionally, strengthening social safety nets and providing financial support to small-scale farmers can help mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on their livelihoods and food security.

Climate change poses a significant threat to global food security, with rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, ecosystem disruption, and vulnerability of food systems all contributing to this crisis. Urgent action is needed to mitigate the effects of climate change and ensure a sustainable and secure food future for all. By implementing adaptation and mitigation strategies, investing in research and development, and supporting small-scale farmers, we can work towards a more resilient and equitable food system that can withstand the challenges of a changing climate.

[top15facts]

15 Biggest Environmental Threats: Protect Our Planet Now Introduction Our planet faces a barrage of environmental threats, largely caused by human activity. These threats disrupt the delicate balance of ecosystems, jeopardize our health, and compromise ...

[coolyadventures]

Whale Conservation Efforts: Protecting Marine Life on the Gold Coast

Whales are majestic creatures that grace our oceans with their presence. Their sheer size and beauty have captivated humans for centuries, but these incredible animals are facing numerous threats in today's world. Whales Gold Coast specifically refers to the efforts undertaken to protect these magnificent marine mammals along the coastline of the Gold Coast.

The Importance of Whale Conservation

Whales play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems. As apex predators, they help regulate the populations of other marine species, contributing to the overall health of the ocean. Additionally, whales are essential for carbon sequestration, which helps mitigate climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Threats to Whale Populations

Despite their importance, whales face a myriad of threats, including:

Whaling: Historically, whales have been hunted for their meat, blubber, and other body parts, leading to a significant decline in population numbers.

Climate Change: Rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification have adverse effects on whale habitats, disrupting their migration patterns and food sources.

Marine Pollution: Plastic pollution, oil spills, and chemical contaminants pose serious threats to whales and other marine life, often resulting in entanglement, ingestion, and habitat degradation.

Noise Pollution: Increased maritime traffic and industrial activities generate underwater noise pollution, which can interfere with whale communication, navigation, and feeding behaviors.

Whale Conservation Efforts on the Gold Coast

Recognizing the importance of whale conservation, various organizations, governmental agencies, and local communities have come together to implement measures to protect whales Gold Coast.

Legislation and Regulations

Stringent laws and regulations have been enacted to safeguard whales and their habitats. These include restrictions on whaling, designated marine protected areas, and guidelines for responsible whale watching activities.

Research and Monitoring

Scientific research plays a vital role in understanding whale behavior, population dynamics, and the impacts of human activities. Researchers use techniques such as satellite tagging, acoustic monitoring, and aerial surveys to gather data on whale populations and their habitats.

Community Engagement

Engaging local communities and raising awareness about whale conservation is crucial for long-term success. Educational programs, outreach initiatives, and citizen science projects empower individuals to become stewards of the ocean and advocate for the protection of whales.

Sustainable Tourism Practices

Tourism operators along the Gold Coast have embraced sustainable practices to minimize the impact of whale watching activities on whales and their habitats. These include adhering to guidelines for approach distances, reducing vessel speed, and promoting responsible wildlife viewing ethics.

The Future of Whale Conservation

While significant progress has been made in whale conservation Gold Coast, there is still much work to be done. Continued efforts to address the root causes of whale threats, such as climate change and pollution, are essential for ensuring the long-term survival of these iconic marine mammals.

By working together and implementing science-based solutions, we can protect whales Gold Coast and preserve the beauty and diversity of our oceans for future generations to enjoy.

[usfclimatechangeadaptation]

Module 1 Relational Summary

This week an important topic introduced was how the ecological south is affected by climate change. First of all, the ecological south which is the southern hemisphere consists of 80 percent water and 20 percent of land. The Southern Ocean is a great place to start understanding the consequences of climate change because as carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, it gets absorbed by water which can lead to different consequences. For example, ocean acidification is affecting ecological food webs by causing shell dissolution in sea butterflies (NOAA, 2020). As the shells dissolve this can create difficulty for these sea creatures to protect themselves from predators like whales. Removing their defense mechanism can cause a change in the food web because it causes easier accessibility for predators to catch these sea butterflies and diminish the population which can affect finding future food sources for these predators. As technology has become more accurate, there have become better ways of finding precise measurements of increased carbon dioxide levels in seawater. For instance, a computer model demonstrated that human-produced carbon dioxide was found in the ocean. The results found that 530 million metric tons of carbon were absorbed and then released in 2021 (Bates, 2022). Before there was the computer model that used aircraft to measure the concentrations of carbon dioxide, scientists first had to collect samples of seawater taken by drifting instruments. The sparsity made it hard to demonstrate the carbon flux meanwhile the aircraft gave the ability to show results in large regions. For my bachelor's degree in Environmental Engineering, I have had to do a lot of different lab experiments multiple times to demonstrate the accuracy of each method. Professors would have us use different types of instruments and technology to show how the type of technology we used could generate more accuracy in our results. When you are given the chance to learn the history of instruments you can finally understand and appreciate how technology has become more intricate and precise which can validate our theories. James Hernandez mentioned how EPA levels were able to show carbon dioxide levels throughout 1983-2018 showing how high the levels continue to get. As technology continues to become more efficient, better analyzes will be provided for environmental readings.

Another topic discussed this week was that human activity is causing extreme weather like hurricanes to occur. As temperatures have increased in the ocean, hurricane development has intensified because of the warm ocean temperature. A study on the North Atlantic hurricane season in 2020 analyzed that rainfall was 10 percent higher compared to the 1850s (Reed, 2022). These rain events can create different disastrous incidents like floods and storm surges. As someone born and raised in Florida experiencing hurricanes is no fun. They create a great deal of stress in terms of preparation to prevent flooding on your property. To provide opportunities to lessen these catastrophic events, we need to look into different ways of solving these increases in surface temperature. Danielle Thurston discussed that wind turbines have been researched to slow down hurricanes. This drew my eye because this could be an opportunity to promote clean energy and safer coastlines.

Lastly, drawdown solutions were introduced to demonstrate opportunities for lessening carbon emissions. In particular, wave power and tidal power were mentioned to reduce carbon dioxide emission by 9.2 gigatons with a net cost of $411.8 billion (Culhane, n.d., 11). Research in waves and tidal energy is becoming popular as time continues. One current issue with this solution is that since it is a new source of energy, it has difficulties economically becoming feasible. The consistency of not needing energy storage appeals to stakeholders who are trying to become early leaders in this marine technology (Hawken, 2017, 57). The negative trillions in savings can be discouraging because of cost of operating and upkeep would create difficulty for beginner investors. I would be completely disillusioned by the costs, but the rapidness of technological improvements will provide new and cheaper options to create efficient and cost-effective sources to use tidal and wave power. Srinivas Nalla mentioned how investing in wave and wind energy can provide a multitude of benefits in promoting clean energy as computer simulations and data-driven research.

References

Bates, S. (2022, January 1). Study Confirms Southern Ocean is Absorbing Carbon. NASA Earth Observatory. Retrieved January 15, 2024, from https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/149274/study-confirms-southern-ocean-is-absorbing-carbon

Culhane, T. H. (n.d.). Relational Summary Lecture. Southern Oscillations and Ripple Effects, Module 1(Episode 1), 13.

Hawken, P. (Ed.). (2017). Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming. Penguin Publishing Group.

NOAA. (2020, April 1). Ocean acidification | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA. Retrieved January 15, 2024, from https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts/ocean-acidification

Reed, K. A. (2022, April 12). Study Shows Human-Induced Climate Change Is Affecting Hurricane Severity - SBU News. SBU News. Retrieved January 15, 2024, from https://news.stonybrook.edu/homespotlight/study-shows-human-induced-climate-change-is-affecting-hurricane-severity/

[hrenvs3000w24]

Revolutionizing Education: The Next Approach for Environmental Conservation

The question of how to cultivate a sense of environmental stewardship within an audience has preoccupied my thoughts for quite some time. The widespread influence of social media and digital platforms has significantly raised public awareness about environmental calamities, such as the rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and the decline in biodiversity. The reaction of viewers to this information can vary widely, ranging from apathy and doubt to outright denial or anxiety. These responses are largely influenced by preconceived beliefs and perspectives and are common across various issues, including politics, health crises, and natural disasters. The aim is to move beyond these initial reactions to encourage a collective, action-oriented mindset for the future.

An insightful piece, titled "Convergence Between Science and Environmental Education," suggests a promising approach. It highlights the historical divide between the fields of environmental and scientific education and calls for their unification (Wals et al., 2014). Historically, these disciplines have functioned separately, with studies within the realm of environmental education in the US debunking the notion that knowledge directly translates into action (Wals et al., 2014). The piece advocates for the integration of technology and citizen science with environmental and scientific education, proposing a new method for learning about and addressing environmental issues that involves the wider community (Wals et al., 2014). Although this approach sounds great in theory, I am doubtful of its application to the real world. A study titled "Evaluating environmental education, citizen science, and stewardship through naturalist programs" assessed two regional programs providing adults with training and certification in natural history and conservation science (Merenlender et al., 2016). These programs aimed to inspire participants to engage in volunteer activities related to citizen science, education, and environmental stewardship. While acknowledging their effectiveness in enhancing environmental knowledge and conservation efforts, the study also points out the need to diversify their audience (Merenlender et al., 2016). Notably, most participants were older women, indicating a gap in outreach to a broader demographic. To address this issue, the programs have started offering college credits and scholarships as strategies to attract a more varied group of participants (Merenlender et al., 2016). I believe this approach holds the answer to a realistic solution we can implement.

It's imperative to reshape the educational frameworks and systems across various levels, from primary education through to higher learning institutions like universities and colleges. Implementing these innovative approaches necessitates a shift towards integrating practical, real-world projects and a science instruction paradigm focused on the stewardship of the natural environment. By embedding such projects and environmental considerations into the curriculum, learners can gain hands-on experience and a deeper appreciation for their interaction with and impact on the natural world. This method not only imparts essential scientific knowledge and competencies but also fosters a lasting commitment to environmental conservation. Emphasizing this holistic educational model prepares learners to confront and address the environmental challenges of their era with knowledge, skill, and a genuine concern for the health of our planet.

Combining science and environmental education with technology and community projects offers a clear way to deepen environmental care and action, only when we embed these changes into our existing educational frameworks across the world.

References:

Merenlender, A. M., Crall, A. W., Drill, S., Prysby, M., & Ballard, H. (2016). Evaluating Environmental Education, citizen science, and stewardship through naturalist programs. Conservation Biology, 30(6), 1255–1265. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12737

Wals, A. E., Brody, M., Dillon, J., & Stevenson, R. B. (2014). Convergence between science and environmental education. Science, 344(6184), 583–584. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250515

[college-girl199328]

Fossil fuel companies only exist because consumers need and buy their products, and that includes Trevor Hancock and every environmentalist in the world. Cities depend on fossil fuels and use them every day, yet some B.C. city councils want to sue fossil fuel companies for producing a product that they cannot function without. At the dawn of the 20th century, the population of 100,000 horses deposited 2.5 million pounds of manure and 60 thousand gallons of urine per day on the streets of New York. Imagine the stench, the flies, the windblown manure dust on hot summer days, and the muck from rain running into the waterways. Imagine the health effects. It was a crisis for which there seemed to be no solution.

The solution was fossil-fueled cars and trucks. Is 2023 the warmest year on record? Possibly. There is disagreement. But we do know without a doubt that before records were kept, proxy evidence tells us that temperatures were at times much higher. 1,000 years ago, the Medieval Climate Optimum was warmer; 6,000-7,000 years ago, the Holocene Optimum was much warmer.

We’ve always had extreme weather events. But now hurricanes are slightly decreasing, tornado damage and tornado incidence have decreased dramatically, a new satellite study of rainfall suggests that in the last 20 years, the intensity of rainfall has declined a little in most places, and new global data analyses suggest no trends in drought and declining flood magnitude in the last 120 years. What has increased is doomsday media reporting every time there is an extreme natural event.

Humans have emitted almost a trillion tons of CO2 in the last 32 years, yet global losses due to weather-related damage are shrinking as a proportion of our economy. Deaths from weather-related events have declined by 95 percent over the past 100 years, while the population has quadrupled. Ocean acidification is not happening; at most, there might be a very slight decrease in alkalinity.

Plastic pollution: plastic is everywhere, and there is no alternative to most of it. Most of the pollution comes from poor countries with low fossil fuel usage. Air and water pollution has massively decreased due to fossil fuels (see horses).

Oil spills are relatively rare, and the environment recovers. Is habitat destruction related to fossil fuel extraction? How long would the world’s forests exist if we stopped extracting fossil fuels? A year?

Coral reefs are thriving, setting records. We depend on fossil fuels. Without them, billions would die.

[rk099]

Ocean Odyssey: Navigating the Depths of Marine Life

The Earth's oceans, covering over 70% of the planet's surface, are a vast and mysterious realm teeming with life. From the sunlit surface waters to the dark abyssal depths, the marine environment is a diverse and interconnected ecosystem that has fascinated scientists, explorers, and nature enthusiasts for centuries.

Exploring the Abyss: Unveiling the Deep Sea Mysteries

One of the most intriguing aspects of the ocean is the deep sea, a region that remains largely unexplored. The deep ocean is a realm of extreme pressure, low temperatures, and perpetual darkness. Despite these harsh conditions, life thrives in unexpected forms. Bizarre creatures such as anglerfish with bioluminescent lures, giant squid lurking in the shadows, and elusive gulper eels have been discovered, challenging our understanding of marine biology.

The Great Migrations: Marvels of Marine Migration

Marine life exhibits incredible migratory patterns that span thousands of kilometers. Whales, known for their majestic and intelligent nature, embark on epic journeys across oceans for breeding and feeding. Sea turtles, equipped with an internal GPS, navigate across vast distances to return to their nesting sites. These migrations play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems and are a testament to the resilience and adaptability of oceanic creatures.

Coral Reefs: Underwater Cities of Breathtaking Biodiversity

Beneath the sunlit surface, coral reefs stand as vibrant underwater cities, harboring an astonishing array of marine species. These delicate ecosystems provide crucial habitat for countless organisms, from the smallest fish to majestic rays and sharks. However, coral reefs are under threat due to climate change, overfishing, and pollution, highlighting the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect these biodiversity hotspots.

Oceans and Climate: A Symbiotic Relationship

The ocean plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate. Acting as a giant heat sink, it absorbs and stores large amounts of carbon dioxide and heat. Understanding the intricate relationship between oceans and climate is essential for addressing climate change. Rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and changes in ocean currents are some of the consequences that underscore the importance of sustainable practices to preserve the health of our oceans.

Conservation Challenges and Solutions: Preserving the Blue Heart of Our Planet

As human activities continue to impact marine ecosystems, conservation efforts have become imperative. Establishing marine protected areas, reducing plastic pollution, and promoting sustainable fishing practices are crucial steps in safeguarding the oceans. Public awareness and education play a pivotal role in inspiring collective action to ensure the long-term health and vitality of our oceans.

In conclusion, our journey through the ocean's depths reveals a captivating world of wonder and complexity. From the mysterious abyss to the vibrant coral reefs, marine life continues to astound and inspire.

[entomoblog]

Les #crises #climat et #biodiversité constituent une urgence globale de #santé publique : un appel de 200 journaux scientifiques via Philippe Grandcolas @pgISYEB

See on Scoop.it - Insect Archive

Les #crises #climat et #biodiversité constituent une urgence globale de #santé publique : un appel de 200 journaux scientifiques https://t.co/9BL9uJDN3M

— Philippe Grandcolas (@pgISYEB) November 22, 2023

  Les #crises #climat et #biodiversité constituent une urgence globale de #santé publique : un appel de 200 journaux scientifiques https://t.co/9BL9uJDN3M

— Philippe Grandcolas (@pgISYEB) November 22, 2023

  Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency - The Lancet, 25.10.2023 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)02289-4/fulltext

  References

Scientific outcome of the IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change.

IPBES Secretariat, Bonn2021

Many risky feedback loops amplify the need for climate action.

One Earth. 2023; 6: 86-91

Key messages from European Science Academies for UNFCCC COP26 and CBD COP15.

Ocean science: the power of plankton.

Nature. 2012; 483: S17-S20

The role of Indigenous peoples and local communities in effective and equitable conservation.

Ecol Soc. 2021; 26: 19

The role of soil carbon in natural climate solutions.

Nat Sustain. 2020; 3: 391-398

Homogenization of the terrestrial water cycle.

Nat Geosci. 2020; 13: 656-658

Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health.

Lancet. 2021; 398: 939-941

COP27 Climate Change Conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world.

Lancet. 2022; 400: 1563-1565

Connecting global priorities: biodiversity and human health: a state of knowledge review.

How antimicrobial resistance is linked to climate change: an overview of two intertwined global challenges.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 201681

“Without nature, we have nothing”: UN chief sounds alarm at key UN biodiversity event. UN News.

State of the world's drinking water: an urgent call to action to accelerate progress on ensuring safe drinking water for all.

Catchment to sea connection: impacts of terrestrial run-off on benthic ecosystems in American Samoa.

Mar Pollut Bull. 2021; 169112530

Assessment report on the sustainable use of wild species.

https://www.ipbes.net/sustainable-use-assessment

Date: August, 2022

Date accessed: October 1, 2023

Ocean acidification and human health.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 174563

Climate change “already” raising risk of virus spread between mammals. Carbon Brief.

https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-change-already-raising-risk-of-virus-spread-between-mammals/

Date: April 28, 2022

Date accessed: October 1, 2023

Interaction of the microbiota with the human body in health and diseases.Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2020; 39: 23-32

Caring for country and the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

Med J Aust. 2017; 207: 8-10

The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change: policy brief for the UK.

https://s41874.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/Lancet-Countdown-2022-UK-Policy-Brief_EN.pdf

Date: 2022

Date accessed: October 1, 2023

Assessing quality of life using WHOQOL-BREF: a cross-sectional study on the association between quality of life and neighborhood environmental satisfaction, and the mediating effect of health-related behaviors.

BMC Public Health. 2018; 181113

Biodiversity impacts and conservation implications of urban land expansion projected to 2050.

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2022; 119e2117297119

COP15: nations adopt four goals, 23 targets for 2030 in landmark UN Biodiversity Agreement. Convention on Biological Diversity.

https://www.cbd.int/article/cop15-cbd-press-release-final-19dec2022

Date: Dec 12, 2022

Date accessed: October 1, 2023

Exceeding 1·5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points.

Science. 2022; 377eabn7950

WHO guidance for the use of Annex 2 of the International Health Regulations (2005).

https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-guidance-for-the-use-of-annex-2-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)

Date accessed: October 1, 2023

Consultation on Australia's first National Health and Climate Strategy.

https://www.health.gov.au/news/consultation-on-australias-first-national-health-and-climate-strategy

Date: July 26, 2023

Date accessed: October 1, 2023

[ssenvs3000f23]

Nature Interpretation and the Climate Crisis

Blog 5: No prompt this week – free write on what you are thinking about!

Since there is no designated blog prompt this week, I would like to take the time to discuss a topic that is always on my mind. Climate change is a pressing issue that ALL of humanity is facing. The textbook phrases this in laments terms, “It is everybody’s problem.” Thus, I would like to open a discussion about it and how nature interpretation can play a role in slowing it down.

            As a student studying marine and freshwater biology. As a traveller. As an interpreter. As a human. I feel a personal level of responsibility to protect our environment. The guilt that comes with this is crushing. My phone is flooded with news and updates from around the world. Global warming is now undeniable with the atmosphere and ocean temperatures reaching new highs. Ocean acidification is causing coral bleaching. Boat traffic is adding harmful anthropogenic noise to aquatic ecosystems. I am very aware of the amount of garbage my student house creates. I take the bus which lowers my carbon footprint but then when I travel, it is often by plane. It is easy to see how education can lead to despair and a feeling of hopelessness, but these conversations can also help resolve the climate crisis.

The textbook explains that nature interpretation can help foster meaningful and impactful discussions about the climate crisis. By creating and fostering meaningful experiences in nature, interpretation helps strengthen human connection to earth. The textbook explains how interpreters hold the skills required to move people from complacency to compassion. I believe there is a large disconnect between humans and their environment. This gap makes it difficult for them to see the urgency and importance of taking action against climate change. Interpreters can also help educate the population, open solution orientated conversation and even give voice to different groups. The NNOCCI (National Network for Ocean and Climate Change) is an organization that trains interpreters to strategically educate the public on complex scientific issues related to the climate crisis. The textbook illustrates how they focus on the use of a neutral tone to foster solution orientated discussions. This organization also highlights the importance of supporting community level solutions. One way of encouraging these solutions is by using “we rather than me” in discussions.

While the NNOCCI targets visitors through education, large companies should not be neglected as they are a leading cause of the climate crisis. Overfishing, bottom trawling, plastic production, carbon emissions are all a major product of large corporate businesses. As extensions of earth, we need to hold these companies accountable for their actions. It seems a daunting task and it will not be comfortable, but it needs to be done. We as a species must act because if we don’t, we will face extinction.  

To conclude this blog post I’d like to leave you with a quote made by Barbara Ward in 1972 where she states, “We have forgotten how to be good guests, how to walk lightly on the earth as other creatures do.”