#Restoring fish stocks for sustainable fisheries

[greenthestral]

Unveiling the Secrets of Life Below Water: Goal 14 for a Sustainable Future

In our journey towards achieving a sustainable future, Goal 14 of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) plays a pivotal role. Life Below Water, as it is commonly referred to, focuses on the preservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources. With this goal, the international community aims to safeguard marine ecosystems, mitigate the impacts of human activities, and promote sustainable livelihoods for coastal communities. This article delves into the significance of Goal 14, explores the challenges faced, and highlights the initiatives that can help us ensure a healthier and more vibrant life below water.

Understanding the Importance of Goal 14

The Earth's oceans are vast and cover more than 70% of the planet's surface. They are teeming with life and harbor a remarkable diversity of species and ecosystems. From the mesmerizing coral reefs to the mysterious depths of the abyss, the oceans are a treasure trove of biodiversity, supporting millions of species, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Beyond their ecological significance, the oceans play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate. They act as a massive heat sink, absorbing a significant amount of the sun's energy and distributing it across the planet. Additionally, oceans play a vital role in the water cycle, facilitating the evaporation of water, which then falls as precipitation and sustains terrestrial ecosystems.

The oceans are not only important for the environment but also for human societies. They provide sustenance to millions of people around the world. Fishing, both for subsistence and commercial purposes, is a primary source of livelihood for coastal communities. The oceans also support economic activities such as tourism, shipping, and offshore industries, contributing significantly to global economies.

However, the delicate balance of marine ecosystems is under threat due to various human activities. Overfishing, driven by unsustainable practices and the demand for seafood, has led to the depletion of fish stocks worldwide. Large-scale industrial fishing, with destructive methods such as bottom trawling, threatens not only the targeted species but also the entire marine food web.

Marine pollution is another significant challenge faced by the oceans. Pollution from land-based sources, including plastic waste, chemicals, oil spills, and agricultural runoff, finds its way into the marine environment, causing severe harm to marine life and ecosystems. The accumulation of plastic debris in the oceans has reached alarming levels, forming giant garbage patches and causing entanglement and ingestion by marine organisms.

Habitat destruction and degradation are also taking a toll on marine ecosystems. Destructive practices such as coral reef destruction, coastal development, and the destruction of mangroves and seagrass beds result in the loss of critical habitats and the disruption of delicate ecological relationships. These habitats serve as nurseries and breeding grounds for many species, and their loss has far-reaching consequences for marine biodiversity.

Furthermore, climate change poses one of the most significant threats to life below water. Rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise are already impacting marine ecosystems. Corals, which are vital for the survival of countless marine species, are particularly vulnerable to rising temperatures and increased ocean acidity, leading to coral bleaching events and the degradation of coral reefs.

In recognition of the urgent need to protect and sustainably manage marine resources, Goal 14 of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was established. Also known as Life Below Water, this goal aims to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and marine resources for present and future generations.

Goal 14 encompasses various targets and indicators to guide efforts towards sustainable ocean management. One of the key focuses is the protection and restoration of coral reefs, which are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. Coral reefs provide habitat for numerous species, protect coastlines from erosion, and support vibrant tourism industries. By implementing measures to reduce coral bleaching, enhance reef resilience, and combat destructive practices, Goal 14 seeks to safeguard these vital ecosystems.

Another critical aspect of Goal 14 is the reduction of marine pollution. It calls for the prevention and significant reduction of marine debris, particularly plastic waste. Efforts are being made to promote better waste management systems, recycling and reusing plastics, and raising awareness about the detrimental effects of single-use plastics. Innovative technologies for ocean cleanup are also being developed to tackle existing pollution.

To address the issue of overfishing, Goal 14 emphasizes the need to restore fish stocks to sustainable levels. This involves implementing science-based management plans, combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, and promoting responsible fishing practices. Creating marine protected areas and adopting ecosystem-based management approaches can help protect critical habitats and ensure the long-term viability of fisheries.

Furthermore, Goal 14 acknowledges the urgent need to address ocean acidification, which poses a grave risk to marine organisms. By reducing carbon dioxide emissions and taking steps to enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems, such as protecting mangroves and seagrass beds, this goal aims to mitigate the impacts of ocean acidification and ensure the survival of vulnerable species.

Achieving Goal 14 requires a collaborative effort from governments, businesses, civil society organizations, and individuals worldwide. International cooperation is crucial to strengthen governance frameworks, regulate resource exploitation, combat illegal fishing, and promote sustainable practices. By taking collective action and embracing sustainable approaches, we can secure a healthier and more vibrant future for life below water.

Challenges and Threats to Life Below Water

The life below water faces a multitude of challenges that require immediate attention and concerted efforts. Overfishing, driven by unsustainable practices and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, has led to a decline in fish stocks worldwide. The loss of biodiversity affects not only marine ecosystems but also the communities that depend on them for food security and economic opportunities.

Marine pollution poses another significant threat. Plastic waste, chemicals, oil spills, and other pollutants contaminate the oceans, harming marine life and ecosystems. The accumulation of plastic debris, in particular, has gained global attention due to its devastating impact on marine organisms and the potential consequences for human health through the food chain.

Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, poses a grave risk to marine organisms such as corals, shellfish, and plankton. Acidic waters can hinder the growth and survival of these organisms, disrupting the entire marine food web and impacting the livelihoods of coastal communities.

 Initiatives and Solutions for a Sustainable Life Below Water

Achieving Goal 14 requires a comprehensive approach involving governments, businesses, civil society, and individuals. Several initiatives and solutions have emerged to address the challenges faced by life below water:

Sustainable Fisheries Management: Implementing science-based management plans, promoting responsible fishing practices, and combating illegal fishing are crucial steps towards replenishing fish stocks and ensuring the long-term sustainability of fisheries. Tools like marine protected areas and ecosystem-based management help preserve critical habitats and protect biodiversity.

Marine Pollution Prevention: Reducing plastic pollution and other sources of marine debris is vital. This can be achieved through improved waste management systems, recycling and reusing plastics, and raising awareness about the consequences of single-use plastics. Additionally, promoting the use of biodegradable alternatives and supporting innovative technologies for ocean cleanup can help mitigate the impact of existing pollution.

Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Addressing climate change is fundamental to preserving life below water. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting sustainable coastal development are essential steps in mitigating the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. Additionally, enhancing the resilience of coastal communities through measures such as mangrove restoration, coastal protection, and sustainable tourism can aid adaptation efforts.

International Cooperation and Governance: Collaboration among nations is crucial for the effective implementation of Goal 14. Strengthening international frameworks, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and promoting regional cooperation can help combat illegal fishing, regulate resource exploitation, and ensure the sustainable use of marine resources.

Conclusion

Preserving life below water is not only crucial for the health of our oceans but also for the overall well-being of our planet. Goal 14 provides a roadmap for sustainable ocean management, aiming to conserve marine biodiversity, mitigate pollution, and promote the sustainable use of marine resources. By taking action at individual, local, and global levels, we can make a significant difference in ensuring a healthier and more vibrant future for life below water. Let us join hands and work together to safeguard the oceans for generations to come.

[themulletrun]

A Delicate Balance: Examining the Impact of Shark Overpopulation on Local Fisheries

The world beneath the waves is a delicate ecosystem where each species plays a crucial role. However, the issue of shark overpopulation has recently emerged, raising concerns about its impact on local fisheries. Join us as we delve into this complex topic and explore the intricate balance between apex predators and the sustainability of our precious marine resources

"Understanding the Ecological Role of Sharks": Sharks, as apex predators, have a significant impact on maintaining balance within the marine ecosystem. Their presence helps regulate populations of smaller fish, preventing unchecked growth and promoting biodiversity. However, a surge in shark numbers can disrupt this delicate equilibrium, leading to unforeseen consequences.

"Disrupted Fisheries Dynamics": Shark overpopulation can strain local fisheries by depleting fish stocks essential for both commercial and recreational purposes. With an abundance of sharks, their predatory instincts drive them to consume large quantities of fish, potentially causing imbalances in the food chain and negatively affecting the availability of target species.

"Impacts on Fishing Communities": The consequences of shark overpopulation extend beyond the marine environment. Fishing communities, reliant on healthy fish populations, may experience economic and social hardships due to diminished catches. As fish stocks decline, it becomes increasingly challenging for fishermen to sustain their livelihoods, affecting the entire coastal ecosystem and local economies.

"The Need for Sustainable Management": Addressing the issue of shark overpopulation requires a balanced approach that considers both ecological and economic factors. Implementing sustainable management practices, such as regulated fishing quotas, habitat protection, and education, can help restore the balance between shark populations and local fisheries.

"The Role of Conservation": Conservation efforts play a vital role in preserving the intricate web of life in our oceans. Protecting critical habitats, promoting responsible fishing practices, and raising awareness about the importance of apex predators are essential steps toward restoring equilibrium. By understanding and respecting the role of sharks, we can work towards sustainable solutions for the benefit of both sharks and fisheries.

Conclusion: The interplay between shark overpopulation and local fisheries is a complex issue with far-reaching consequences. Achieving a harmonious balance requires collaborative efforts, scientific research, and sustainable management practices. By preserving the health of our marine ecosystems and recognizing the importance of sharks, we can work towards maintaining thriving fisheries for future generations.

#SharkOverpopulation #FisheriesManagement #EcosystemBalance

[coveriverranch]

The Role of Private Fish Hatcheries in Utah's Aquaculture Industry

Utah's private fish hatcheries play a crucial role in the state's aquaculture industry. These facilities are responsible for breeding, hatching, and raising various species of fish to support the demand for fish in Utah's waters. Private fish hatcheries are essential in maintaining healthy fish populations, supporting recreational fishing, and contributing to the overall economy of the state.

One of the prominent private fish hatcheries in Utah is the Cover River Ranch. This hatchery is dedicated to producing high-quality fish for stocking lakes, ponds, and rivers throughout the state. The facility utilizes state-of-the-art technology and best practices to ensure the health and sustainability of the fish they produce. Cover River Ranch is committed to meeting the needs of Utah's anglers and conservation efforts.

Utah Private Fish Hatcheries play a significant role in supporting the state's fisheries management efforts. By partnering with government agencies and conservation organizations, these hatcheries help maintain balanced and thriving fish populations in Utah's waterways. They also contribute to the preservation of native fish species and the restoration of endangered or threatened aquatic species.

In addition to supporting fisheries management, private fish hatcheries in Utah also play a vital role in meeting the demand for fish for recreational fishing. By producing a variety of fish species, including trout, bass, and catfish, these hatcheries provide opportunities for anglers to enjoy fishing in Utah's lakes and rivers. This not only supports the state's tourism industry but also promotes outdoor recreation and conservation awareness.

Furthermore, Utah's private fish hatcheries contribute to the state's economy by providing employment opportunities and supporting related industries such as fishing equipment, tourism, and hospitality. The production and stocking of fish by these hatcheries also generate revenue for local businesses and communities that rely on recreational fishing activities.

The role of private fish hatcheries in Utah's aquaculture industry extends beyond simply producing fish for stocking. These facilities also play a part in research and education, collaborating with universities and research institutions to advance aquaculture practices, improve fish health, and develop sustainable aquaculture techniques.

In conclusion, Utah's private fish hatcheries are integral to the state's aquaculture industry. They support fisheries management, provide fish for recreational fishing, contribute to the economy, and engage in research and education efforts. The work of private fish hatcheries like Cover River Ranch demonstrates their commitment to sustainable aquaculture practices and the conservation of Utah's aquatic resources.

For more information about Fish Hatchery Utah, visit the website: https://coveriverranch.com/

[sunsetmarineshellharbour]

3 Ways to Practice Sustainable Game Fishing

Sustainable fishing methods and environmentally friendly practices are needed to save the ocean from the disastrous effects of irresponsible and unsustainable fishing practices. Destructive fishing methods and overfishing have destroyed large portions of marine habitat and depleted ocean species to the point of no return leading to shortages of resources and extinct marine species.

The steps listed below will ensure the continuity of the fisheries. Only by collectively working with the fishing community can we prevent a stock collapse and restoration of endangered marine life.

Catch and Release Fishing

We probably don't have to preach to you about the wisdom of throwing back fish, particularly the big, robust prize catches. If you throw them back, you give them the chance to live, mate and produce equally robust progeny. Be sure to learn the techniques espoused by catch-and-release experts, such as using a circle hook, which is less likely to catch a fish's gut and improves its chances of survival upon release.

But there are some instances when you can help preserve or improve the aquatic ecosystem by not throwing back certain fish. We're talking about invasive species, which have become a major problem in some waterways, gobbling up food and displacing native species.

Fishing with Barbless Hooks

Barbless hooks, not only make it easier to release but reduce the risk to the angler as well.  These small yet useful marine supplies reduce lip and jaw damage. In the event, you end up with a stray hook while handling a thrashing fish, barbless hooks are easier to remove reducing injury. Nine times out of 10 it will save you a trip to the hospital.

Fish Handling

If your target species is not your personal best or one, you’d consider a trophy, consider releasing the fish whilst it’s still in the water. By doing this, it will have a much better chance of survival. You will always want a photo opportunity with a trophy and take a fish or three home for a feed.

With the advent of selfie sticks, it’s now easier to photograph or video a wahoo at your Stacer Ocean Ranger boat side. Just make sure your selfie stick is in position and ready to go before you gently lift the fish for your pose. Make it quick and gently lower the fish, and swim the fish ready for release.

However, if you caught a fish that is bigger and better compared to your previous catches and you want that photo inside the boat, there are a few things you can do to let that fish have a better chance of survival (especially if that fish species have been imposed with strictly limited fishing regulations):

Sometimes you need to use a gaff, a large stick with a hook at the tip, on really big fish species. You can gaff the fish through the bottom jaw. Be careful not to pierce the tongue as this can cause the fish to bleed out. Always support the belly or tail when lifting it.

A lot of fish have slippery bodies so you may want to gently place them on deck. If it’s a sunny day, never put the fish on a hot deck. Have a mat ready that is already washed down so you can use it to lay the fish on. Use a bucket of water and pour it over its gills.

Don’t waste time taking a photo with the fish. Get the angler who caught the fish to ready himself, whether he should stand or sit down. Let his mates lift the fish before placing it on his lap or his hands. This careful technique prevents the fish from getting dropped on the deck.

After the photoshoot is over, place the fish back in the water and hold its tail until it slowly comes back to life.

[sciencespies]

Ecosystem-based fisheries management restores western Baltic fish stocks

https://sciencespies.com/environment/ecosystem-based-fisheries-management-restores-western-baltic-fish-stocks/

Ecosystem-based fisheries management restores western Baltic fish stocks

The first ecosystem model that covers the complete food web of the western Baltic Sea predicts how marine life in the region would react to different fisheries scenarios and additional human-induced stressors. The model simulations reveal that ecosystem-based fisheries management would restore stocks of commercially relevant fish species and the endangered harbour porpoise population. Marine life would become more resilient, and options for additional carbon sequestration would open up, a team of marine scientists led by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (Germany) explains in a study now published in Frontiers in Marine Science.

Decades of overfishing, together with nutrient pollution, rapid increase in hypoxia, ocean warming and acidification have put fish and harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the western Baltic Sea at risk of collapse. But the commercially relevant stocks of cod (Gadus morhua), herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) can be restored and prospects for marine mammals be improved, according to a team of marine scientists from GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (Germany), the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Bundesamt für Naturschutz, BfN, Germany) and the Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources at the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy.

Using model simulations, the researchers tested five scenarios from no fishing to ecosystem-based fisheries management. This approach accounts for the roles of species within their ecosystem and adjusts catches accordingly to keep fish stocks in a healthy, productive and resilient condition. A study now published in the scientific magazine Frontiers in Marine Science concludes: Ecosystem-based fisheries management would allow the endangered harbour porpoise population to recover and increase catches of herring and cod significantly within a decade. The food web would become less susceptible to eutrophication and climate change and, in addition, more able to support carbon sequestration than in a business-as-usual scenario that assumes today’s fisheries practices continue.

The study benefits from years of data collection at GEOMAR. Building on a first prototype and a huge amount of data, the researchers now developed the first model for the western Baltic Sea that includes top predators such as harbour porpoise and seals, various fish species and other marine animals, plankton, algae and seaweeds, as well as their interactions under different scenarios. “Looking at the big picture of the food web helps to identify management options that sustain important food resources and dependant businesses,” emphasises Dr. Marco Scotti, marine ecologist at GEOMAR and CNR, lead author of the recent publication.

Ecosystem-based fisheries management would imply to stop catching juvenile cod, reduce catches of herring and sprat to half of the maximum sustainable yield — the highest possible harvest per year that can be sustained over time — and catches of adult cod and flatfish to 80 per cent of the maximum sustainable yield. This approach was compared to a business-as-usual scenario characterised by average fishing mortalities for all exploited stocks during the years 2015 to 2019.

In the business-as-usual scenario, cod stocks decline slightly below the numbers of 2019 and herring stocks to almost half their 2019 sizes by 2050. Sprat and flatfish increase to some degree, suggesting a substantial regime shift. Ecosystem-based fisheries management, in contrast, would lead to an increase of almost 70 per cent in cod and 50 per cent in herring catches by 2050, compared to the period 2015 to 2019. Catches in flatfish would increase by almost 20 per cent, but with largely reduced fishing effort and costs. Potential for carbon sequestration would be more than three times greater under ecosystem-based fisheries management compared to business-as-usual.

“The Common Fisheries Policy of Europe demands an end to overfishing by 2020 and rebuilding of healthy and resilient ecosystems thereafter,” says Dr. Rainer Froese, fisheries biologist at GEOMAR and co-author of the study. “Past and present overfishing — not climate change — was the main cause of the recent collapse of herring, cod, and profitable western Baltic fisheries in general. Continued business-as-usual would in addition push the highly endangered harbour porpoise to the brink of extinction. In contrast, ecosystem-based management would rebuild healthy stocks and fisheries and even help us to fight climate change. Saving the western Baltic requires to stop fishing of cod and herring for a few years, until these stocks have recovered. During this time, fishers need to be compensated for their losses. Fishing for plaice and other flatfish can meanwhile continue.”

#Environment

[chloebenningtonabovebelow]

coral reef destruction

Despite their importance, warming waters, pollution, ocean acidification, overfishing, and physical destruction are killing coral reefs around the world. Schemes to save those reefs are as creative as they are varied; most recently, scientists released data showing that marine protected areas can help save reefs if they are placed in just the right spots. Genetics is also becoming a larger area of coral research, giving scientists hope they might one day restore reefs with more heat tolerant coral.

Without a mix of long-term cuts in emissions and short-term innovation, there’s a not-so-far-off future where coral reefs as we know them simply cease to exist, says Anne Cohen, a coral expert at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts.

An estimated 4,000 fish species, and some 25 percent of marine life, depend on coral reefs at some point in their existence. Fish keep the algae that grow on corals in check, allowing corals to breathe and access sunlight. While an MPA won’t protect corals from heat waves, these natural safe zones can keep fisheries more sustainable in the long term, and fishers around well-managed MPAs often benefit from the “spillover” of healthy fish stocks that populate surrounding waters.

One thing that has interested me is the destruction of coral reefs. Destruction to coral reefs is due to pollution overfishing and destruction to fish lands with dynamite and explosives as well as many other reasons. But this just saddens me because humankind can be so horrible to destroy other creatures habitats. This has really just inspired me to create a game that can relate to something like this. I also feel like when playing a game you feel like you have more of a connection with the characters and habitat than when watching a film because you are with the characters for so much longer that they seem to become your own friend. I feel like this really ties into my game well and can help me build a good and strong storyline.

[par2n2]

Amorgorama [Αμοργόραμα]: a genuine communal vision for the preservation of the seas.

The short film, or audiovisual slideshow of this post is the first part of the series that will be shot on the field in the coming months, closely following the bottom-up [1] marine conservation and fisheries management initiative of the local Small Scale Fishers of Amorgos in the Aegean Sea. A few months ago I had published another post which provided limited information on this project, now the time has come to properly highlight it!

This novel initiative-Amorgorama- seeks the legislation of spatial conservation measures from the Greek competent fisheries authorities for the protection of Amorgos' seas. It further appeals for the establishment of a participatory administrative scheme, based on fisheries co-management principles [2] for the overall sustainable management of the fishery sector of Amorgos and its surrounding marine area.

The phenomenal abundance of fishery products marketed and consumed in unprecedented quantities throughout the globe is only superficial, while fish-stock depletion and irreversible collapse of marine ecosystems have become more than evident on a worldwide scale. These blighted practices threaten not only the survival of countless species, but also the existence of coastal and insular human communities. Overfishing and the ceaseless degradation of the marine natural environment, through extractive, unsustainable and destructive human practices, pose now-a-days as some of the most important environmental issues to be urgently tackled. If humanity still wants to preserve the oceans and restore them to the blooming marine ecosystems they once used to be, direct and effective response is crucially needed.

This ill-fated state has been brought out not only by conservationists, activists and fisheries scientists, but also by fishers, especially small scale local professionals, heavily dependent on healthy marine ecosystems and thriving fish-stocks necessary for their livelihood. Small Scale Fisheries represent the majority of the EU fishing fleet (approximately 80%). They are particularly important in the Mediterranean Sea, where they have been playing a dominant role in the survival and nourishment of small insular and coastal communities for millennia. Typically, these are family-based businesses, where owners and their whole families are directly involved in the fishing activity. The small scale fishers of Amorgos have suffered over the last years a striking reduction in their incomes. This predicament was mainly induced by the rapidly declining and overfished fish-stocks, the degrading marine habitats, such as Posidonia meadows, coralligenous habitats and mäerl beds, all of which constitute key biodiversity hotspots and foremost nursery and fishing grounds, and the overwhelming and ubiquitous marine plastic pollution. 

Amidst these grave circumstances, a local small scale fishing community has created Amorgorama, a shared, collective dream that has become the communal vision of Amorgos Island for a sustainable future both for fisheries and the marine natural environment. Amorgorama has inspired and is embraced by the entire local community and the local authorities of Amorgos, while it is supported by conservationists, the scientific and academic community, environmental NGOs, other stakeholders and authorities on a national and international scale. The fishers of Amorgos demand the designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), particularly as no-take zones for fisheries in the northern shores of the island, a bimonthly temporary cessation of all fishing activities around the island between April and May, while during this period they will collect and recycle plastic litter and debris from the numerous inaccessible shores of the island with the use of their fishing vessels and caïques. Most importantly they plea for the establishment and operation of an effective and well-guarded MPA, and not the inauguration of a paper-park, a common mishap due to the persistent lack of political will by Greek policy makers.

A recent positive development that may apparently move marine conservation forward in Greek seas has been endorsed by the Greek government and its leadership. A year ago and during the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Marseille in France, the Greek PM explicitly expressed his will and commitment to actively accomplish the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 [3], and particularly the 30 - 10 Protected Area targets (at least 30% of the sea should be protected in the EU, while 10% of EU seas should be strictly protected [4]) for the Mediterranean and Greek Seas. Consistent to the above declaration, the national competent authority for fisheries, the Ministry of Rural Development and Food, formally expressed its support to Amorgorama, reflecting thus a critical change in its overall fisheries management policy, which over the last decades remains rather conventional and narrow in terms of environmental conservation and nature protection. Thus, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between all competent bodies, fishers, environmental NGOs and foundations, universities, local and regional authorities, confirming that the vision of Amorgorama is shared by all signatories and that the findings of a fisheries research study currently implemented in the targeted sites will become the main base for the designation of Marine Protected Areas and the future management of Amorgos’ fisheries.

Amorgorama is actively supported by the Cyclades Preservation Fund, the Blue Marine Foundation, the Municipality of Amorgos and the Agricultural University of Athens.

[1] The bottom-up approach aims: (i) to encourage a process of local participation; (ii) to involve the local community; (iii) to draw out ideas and generate initiatives; (iv) to build consensus and (v) to delegate decision-making powers to the local community and the involved stakeholders

[4] According to the Criteria and guidance for protected areas designations Commission’s Staff Working Document 28/01/2022-SWD(2022) 23 final: “In the context of the 10% target in the Biodiversity Strategy, strictly protected areas are defined as follows: “Strictly protected areas are fully and legally protected areas designated to conserve and/or restore the integrity of biodiversity-rich natural areas with their underlying ecological structure and supporting natural environmental processes. Natural processes are therefore left essentially undisturbed from human pressures and threats to the area’s overall ecological structure and functioning, independently of whether those pressures and threats are located inside or outside the strictly protected area”.

[acti-veg]

So many people rely on mass fishing for their livelihood, if fishing was ended what alternatives would there be?

That an industry provides jobs is not a good reason for it to continue to exist. Big pharma provides jobs, so does Amazon, so do weapon manufacturers, privacy invading tech companies, tobacco corporations, Exxon… Many people rely on unethical industries for their livelihood, but that doesn’t make it justified for anyone to continue supporting them. For anyone who isn’t a member of subsistence fishing community, diet wise, the alternative is plants.

As for jobs, eco-tourism of marine spaces offers massive opportunity if sea life were restored to its natural abundance and beauty. If you could see dolphins off the coast of Wales instead of fishing trawlers and ruined coastline, wouldn’t you want to do that? Moreover, given that protecting fish and coral reefs is a massively effective way to curb the worst impacts of climate change, all our livelihoods depend on us doing so - and soon. If we don’t stop fishing, the fisheries die regardless.

On the point of dependence, the real issue of it is that those who actually do rely on small-scale fishing, such as indigenous islanders and coastal communities, are having their way of life and survival compromised by commercial fishing. Stocks are in rapid decline meaning it is becoming less and less viable for coastal communities to fish enough to live. That’s not even mentioning the horrific suffering inflicted on sea animals and the billions of lives lost annually.

Realistically, nobody who doesn’t absolutely depend on it should be fishing or eating fish. Ethically, ecologically and environmentally, sea food is up there with beef and dairy as some of the least sustainable and most destructive foods you could possibly eat.

[rjzimmerman]

The report, called “America the Beautiful,” seems long on vision and policy and short on specifics. Yet, we start somewhere. The report is not a legislative prompt, but indicates the directions in which the administration of President Biden wants to steer us as we consider protecting, conserving and preserving our lands and waters. It includes generally recommendations outlining a locally led and voluntary nationwide conservation goal to conserve 30 percent of U.S. lands and waters by 2030.

Here’s a link to the “America the Beautiful” report. The report was issued by the Department of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce and the White House Council on Environmental Quality. Here’s a link to the press release from the Department of the Interior about the report.

Excerpt from this story from Mongabay/EcoWatch:

On Thursday, the Biden Administration formally laid out its vision for conserving 30% of America's land and waters by 2030.

The "America the Beautiful" report, released by the Departments of Commerce, Interior, and Agriculture, includes few specifics but conceptualizes how the U.S. can better protect and restore biodiversity, improve the resilience of ecosystems to climate change, and increase the accessibility of the nation's parks and wilderness areas. The document devotes significant attention to social justice, noting the government's campaigns that forced Indigenous Peoples from their lands and discriminatory policies that have limited opportunities for communities of color and low-income communities to access natural spaces.

"Together, these three issues pose grave risks to the abundance, resilience, and accessibility of the natural resources that are at the foundation of America's economy and well-being. These challenges, however, also present opportunities," states the document, which goes on to point out the potential for the "30×30" plan to create job opportunities and drive more sustainable economic growth, while combatting the effects of climate change and environmental degradation.

The report envisions farms and ranches functioning as wildlife corridors and carbon sinks, fishery management practices that stabilize fish stocks, and a job creation plan through a Civilian Climate Corps akin to the Civilian Conservation Corps of the 1930s. It also proposes creating more "safe outdoor opportunities in nature-deprived communities" and supporting tribally-led conservation and restoration initiatives as well as increasing access for outdoor recreation, including hunting, fishing, and hiking across public lands that are currently inaccessible.

[stevemaclellan]

The passage of Bill C-68 on June 21 means that for the first time since the Fisheries Act was enacted in 1868, Fisheries and Oceans Canada is required to manage fish stocks sustainably and put rebuilding plans in place for those that are depleted.

Laughren says if this act had been in place in the 1980s and implemented as written, Canada could have avoided the collapse of the northern cod fishery in the early 1990s. “The history of Atlantic Canada would be different.”

Instead, cod stocks were depleted, triggering a moratorium on fishing in 1992. The federal government still has no recovery plan in place for the species.

The new act also restores protections for fish habitats that were gutted in 2012 by the previous Conservative government, increases requirements for monitoring and reporting, requires Indigenous knowledge to be incorporated into decisions, and mandates a review of the act every five years.

[wholesaleaquaponicssupplie-blog]

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  I had the unfortunate privilege to be the first person to construct a backyard aquaponics system in my area and the first i know of to systematically wrestle with cold-proofing on the part level (like a manufacturing unit). Support locally grown food, organically grown merchandise (what you can afford), look at what you do eat and choose more healthy choices while Aquaponics Supplies eliminating processed foods with tons of components and food colorings and "natural flavors", excessive fructose corn syrup and different fake sugars like aspartame-poison, nutrasweet, equal, etc. Additionally, due to related rising seasons, producers with seasonal exterior production methods tend to promote fish on the same time. Closed-loop aquaponics focuses on designing aquaponics techniques that that produce as a lot of the system's needs (water, vitality, fish, feed, heat, fuel, and so on.) On-site and inside the system itself as potential. The plant roots filter the water which now incorporates vitamins for the fishes.

  Clearly, with ever-increasing world demand and increasing shopper demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly product, there's great alternative for local producers of excessive-high quality high-worth seafood from aquaculture. In the event you're looking to produce a extra nutritious meals in a short period of time, pole, an italian-type wax bean, can be harvested in around 54 days. It is a nice system to produce vegetables and fish in your dinner table all yr round. It is scalable college students often construct a small passion system Supplies For Aquaponics and then scale their system to promote greens of their local people. I have simply set up a one tub system for my first strive so that's all set up minus fish and plants. Lower in prices of rising and farming, because of the lowered use of pesticides.

[conservationbiologystudent-blog]

Exploring The Effects of Chinook Decline and Anthropogenic Stressors on Southern Resident Killer Whale Populations

by Arda Alev

As populations of Southern Resident Killer Whales continue to decline in the North Eastern Pacific, effective plans for recovery and conservation become more important than ever. The population of SRKW’s is one of the most critically endangered marine mammal populations in the U.S. and Canada primarily due to anthropogenic factors, climate, temporal effects, and fluctuation in populations. Populations began to steadily increase since the 1970’s but started to decrease again in the 2000’s which prompted the two populations of SRKW’s in the Northwest to be added to the list of endangered species. In this case study I will explore the effects of Chinook Salmon populations on SRKW viability, the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic causes on Chinook and SRKW’s, and the actions being taken to conserve and restore affected habitats and populations.

The Killer Whale species are very globally widespread and occupy different ecological niches as a result of their ecotype. The three ecotypes consist of mammal- eating “transients”, fish eating “residents”, and the offshore ecotype. The SRKW populations in the North Eastern Pacific fall into the category of fish-eating residents, and they generally occupy coastal habitats which result in a narrower niche than the other two ecotypes as they only eat fish. Above all else their almost exclusive consumption of the declining Chinook raises concerns for the longevity of the two SRKW populations that inhabit this region. (Ward, Eric J., et al. Holmes, Elizabeth E., et al Balcomb, Ken C. et al. 2009)

(Ward, Eric J., et al. Holmes, Elizabeth E., et al Balcomb, Ken C. et al. 2009)

One of the top concerns for SRKW’s is nutritional stress. With an average of 85 individuals in the Southern Resident populations over the past decade, extensive work has been done in putting together life-history data for Resident Killer Whales. The demographic data in this study for SRKW’s was acquired from long-term registries kept by the Center For Whale Research in Friday Harbor, Washington. To understand the intersection between whale populations and Chinook salmon abundance the study attempts to quantify the role of Chinook Salmon on whale population dynamics, and how killer whale population viability will respond to changes in Chinook Salmon mortality rates from being harvested.

The study quantifies the effect of chinook abundance on the rate of fecundity for the SRKW’s first by studying how the age of individuals affect rates of reproduction then using the trends in that data to account for the effects of age in the positive trend of probability of calving against percent change in Chinook abundance that they found. However, the study was not able to link temporal effects and climate change to having any effect on killer whale reproduction rates other than age and prey abundance.

(Ward, Eric J., et al. Holmes, Elizabeth E., et al Balcomb, Ken C. et al. 2009)

Another study tested two hypotheses on SKRW populations, the first of which postulates that there is a strong link between their population growth and the terminal run size of the Chinook Salmon runs; Fraser Early, Fraser Late, and Puget Sound Chinook stocks based on diet composition studies, and the second of which, which is argued to be weaker evidence as it assumes that Chinook salmon are important in the whales’ diet during late autumn through early spring, argues that there is a strong link between SRKW population growth and terminal run size of large freshwater stocks and ocean-type stocks that contribute to ocean fisheries. “The maximization of terminal runs via the cessation of ocean fishing on Puget Sound chinook salmon stocks (Scenario 2) or via the cessation of ocean fishing on the Fraser Early/Puget Sound aggregate (Scenario 3) produced marginal increases in SRKW population growth relative to status quo conditions.” (Vélez-Espino, L. Antonio 2014)

The data the reports surveyed proved a direct connection between Chinook Salmon abundance and SRKW population dynamics as Chinook Salmon stocks with the greatest value of elasticities in their vital rates against their spatial interaction with

killer whales showed to have the greatest positive influence on killer whale fecundity.

(Vélez-Espino, L. Antonio 2014) Many salmon die passing through dams which has contributed significantly to

Chinook mortality. As the salmon stocks of the Columbia River continue to decrease the time for reform becomes more urgent as the species many not be able to recover in time for the time of planned reform to implement more comprehensive dam passage survival. The proper increases in sustaining this population have not been met and will delay and or stand in the way of recovering and or conserving the population of this particular stock. (Mann, Charles C., et al. and Mark L. Plummer 2000)

Fecundity however is not solely connected to Chinook stocks. There are several direct and indirect anthropogenic factors that affect whale population dynamics and fecundity. Direct impacts include interaction with fisheries, proximity of emissions from the exhaust of marine engines affecting air quality, and noise and disturbance from marine vessels. Indirect impacts include the interference of dams on Chinook mortality and the various effects of climate change that are interconnected. Through determining the effects of the culmination of these stressors can we make educated attempts at conserving their habitats and restoring ecosystem functions.

Allometric scaling was used from humans to killer whales to determine the thresholds in which the health of whales would be adversely affected by the buildup of toxins from exposure to exhaust gases in one study. Their findings showed that whale watching guidelines were generally effective in keeping their pollutant exposure to levels that were at or below the thresholds in which adverse health effects were predicted to occur in SRKW’s. Two of the top three anthropogenic factors that have been identified

as a possible cause of decline for whales other than decline of Chinook, were identified as disturbance from marine vessels and the buildup of toxins such polychlorinated biphenyls also known as PCB’s.

Many studies have shown that human exposure to exhaust emissions can lead to adverse health effects as increases in mortality have been observed, which means that exhaust emissions have the potential to impact the air quality and health of SRKW’s. Because SRKW’s have greater particle retention than humans and are not as easily able to distinguish clean air from polluted air, monitoring air quality is vital. SRKW’s are rarely alone and usually have whale watching vessels keeping an eye on their populations. In order to alleviate this problem, the number of for leisure marine vessels attempting to view the marine life in this bioregion should be regulated to prevent bioaccumulation of toxins in whales and other marine life which will support local economies without sacrificing the viability of these whales.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration developed Be Whale Wise guidelines to limit the disturbance of vessels and traffic. (Lachmuth, Cara L., et al. 2011) While the results of the impact of the toxins on the whale populations may not be immediate, the impact of this stressor may be seen over generations. Another study supports the negative effects on the health and social structure of whales through focusing on the tone and frequency of the calls of whales in the presence of marine vessels passing by. “We found a significant positive correlation between call source level and background noise level across all call types (p<0.001p<0.001, R2adj=0.25Radj2=0.25, n=274n=274). Since source levels and duration vary by call type (Ford, 1987; Miller, 2006) the subsequent analyses were

restricted to one call type (S1) with the largest sample size.” (Holt, Marla M., et al. 2009) In addition to whale watching at least 30% of whale watching vessels recently were noncommercial which would necessitate a more comprehensive plan for the conditions under which whale watching can sustainably occur. (Estimation of Southern Resident Killer Whale Exposure to Exhaust Emissions from Whale-Watching Vessels and Potential Adverse Health Effects and Toxicity Thresholds. (Estimation of Southern Resident Killer Whale Exposure to Exhaust Emissions from Whale-Watching Vessels and Potential Adverse Health Effects and Toxicity Thresholds. 2009)

Another anthropogenic factor that contributes to whale fecundity is the presence of fisheries. As observed in the Crozet population of killer whales on the East Coast of the United States depredating whales were seen to do better in numbers than non- depredating whales as they were able to have a better chance of survival from snatching the caught fish in a time of food scarcity and nutritional stress which proves a positive effect of artificial food provisioning as a point of reference for kickstarting killer whale fecundity in the North Eastern Pacific rather than a long term rehabilitation. (Tixier, Paul, et al. 2017)

While the studies have not shown any significant direct adverse effects of climate change on SRKW’s, one study found an observable trend in the change of habitat area location for Chinook populations. “Because anthropogenic climate change is predicted to substantially increase upper ocean temperatures globally in the 21st century a reasonable assumption is that future increases in sea surface temperatures (SST’s) will affect open ocean distributions of salmon.” (Abdul-Aziz, Omar I. 2011) This is particularly alarming as disturbances that cause changes in foraging patterns and

durations have the potential to affect fecundity if whales are more preoccupied with looking for food than reproducing.

The research also argues that more focus needs to be given to establishing protection of habitat in areas that the high sea distribution of Chinook end up in as there is too much focus on restoring freshwater stocks such as the Chinook in the Columbia River Basin. It calls for a better understanding of stock specific distribution on the high seas. As salmon habitats will gradually move farther up north they will lose their former habitats. (Abdul-Aziz, Omar I. 2011)

While mitigating climate change is the most far reaching method of conservation and restoration its scope is too broad and will not singlehandedly save their territories for the long term with quick reform.

Three areas were designated for recovery by NOAA in 2006 which included the Summer Core Area in Haro Strait and around the San Juan Islands, Puget Sound, and the Straight of Juan de Fuca. The plan for recovery of the Killer Whales can be broken into cleaning up pollution, improving the guidelines for marine vessels and studying their effect, preventing oil spills, responding to sick and or injured individuals, and community education and outreach about the regional issues at hand. In this article, many citizens were confused that salmon recovery was not included in the plan for whale recovery as it’s the main source of food for SRKW’s. In order to revive whale populations salmon recovery needs to be a priority for whale fecundity to increase, the lower the prey abundance the more time and energy the whales will need to spend to forage for food. (Peavey LPL. Comprehensive Conservation of Southern Resident Killer Whales in the Modern Ocean. 2016)

Being extremely social creatures, ensuring that their populations have the space and security to live and interact normally is my highest priority in conserving the whale populations in the North Eastern Pacific. The major stressors of vessel disturbance, oil spills, and food scarcity leaves reproduction to be a much lower priority which can become dangerous. I think that through regulating the duration and frequency of commercial vessels following killer whales and thereby cutting down on the PCB’s they consume, ceasing dam operations or decreasing the scale at which they function for Chinook vitality, and the restoration of old habitat will generously combat the certain decline in available resources due to climate change that will undoubtedly affect whale populations in the future at the current pace of legislation.

References:

Ward, Eric J., et al. Holmes, Elizabeth E., et al Balcomb, Ken C. et al. “Quantifying the

Effects of Prey Abundance on Killer Whale Reproduction.”

Journal of Applied Ecology,

Aquatic Conservation: Marine

vol. 46, no. 3, 2009, pp. 632–640., doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01647.x.

Talks about the relationship between Chinook decline and SRKW populations. The

article establishes criteria with which we can determine healthy levels of fecundity for

Orca populations by examining population diversity and density. It will help me craft my

argument as it explains a facet of Orca Whale decline.

Vélez-Espino, L. Antonio, et al. “Relative Importance of Chinook Salmon Abundance on

Resident Killer Whale Population Growth and Viability.”

and Freshwater Ecosystems

, vol. 25, no. 6, 2014, pp. 756–780., doi:10.1002/aqc.2494.

This is an important reference because it makes a note that Orca Whales will prefer

Chinook Salmon over other species even when there are higher numbers of the other

species. Determines nutritional stress to be one of the top factors contributing to the

endangerment of Orca Whale populations.

Lachmuth, Cara L., et al. “Estimation of Southern Resident Killer Whale Exposure to

Exhaust Emissions from Whale-Watching Vessels and Potential Adverse Health Effects

and Toxicity Thresholds.”

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.002.

Holt, Marla M., et al. “Speaking up: Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca) Increase Their Call

Amplitude in Response to Vessel Noise.”

America

Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 4, 2011, pp. 792–805.,

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of

Begins to touch on more directly anthropogenic causes of Orca Whale decline. Explains

the types of chemicals and their impact on Orca Whale populations from Whale

watching vessels. Shows how the decline of SRKW’s is a multifaceted issue and is a

culmination of many stressors.

, vol. 125, no. 1, 2009, doi:10.1121/1.3040028.

Vessel noise disturbance causes Killer Whale’s to speak more loudly to compensate for

the loud noises. An example that is almost invisible to us such as vessel noise

disturbance is shown to be a significant ordeal for Killer Whales and gives insight into

the endless ways in which anthropogenic causes can impact quality of life for marine

creatures.

Tixier, Paul, et al. “Demographic Consequences of Fisheries Interaction within a Killer

Whale (Orcinus Orca) Population.”

Marine Biology

, vol. 164, no. 8, 2017,

doi:10.1007/s00227-017-3195-9.

I will use this resource to provide an assessment of the impact of fisheries on Killer

Whales, even though they are not of the killer whale populations that my research is

concerned with I think it is a good source to pair with the impacts of killer whale

interaction with marine vessels. It will also help me postulate about opportunities for

conservation as this study shows a positive influence of artificial food provisioning as it

provides a possibility of reviving populations.

Abdul-Aziz, Omar I., et al. “Potential Climate Change Impacts on Thermal Habitats of

Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus Spp.) in the North Pacific Ocean and Adjacent

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Mann, Charles C., and Mark L. Plummer. “Of Salmon and Dams.”

Seas.”

1660–1680., doi:10.1139/f2011-079.

, vol. 68, no. 9, 2011, pp.

This source elaborates on the territorial changes in salmon habitats due to climate

change as an indirect result of anthropogenic causes. Provides data for trajectory of

habitat area location and size.

Analyzes the impact of dams on different populations of salmon. It mainly focuses on

the Chinook Salmon that run through the Snake River. I will use this source to argue in

my point for opportunities for reform. One being to regulate and or shut down dam

operations.

National Marine Fisheries Service. 2008. Recovery Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington.

This source outlines a comprehensive recovery plan for SRKW’s and is useful to contribute to my study of recovery in order to get Killer Whales off of the list of endangered species. However it doesn’t argue for priorities in the recovery plan so it is more useful as a suggestion when I craft an informed argument as to what points of recovery is most useful in investing resources into.

[brannonfinney]

National Marine Fisheries Service and Fishwatch

The national marine fisheries agency (NMFS), according to Brannon Finney, has a number of projects aimed at lowering the risk of entanglements. Education, prevention, mitigation, and enforcement are all part of these programs. The NOAA system relies heavily on volunteer reporting, with volunteers reporting an average of 78 occurrences of entanglements every year. These papers aid the National Marine Fisheries Service in developing mitigation plans and activities to prevent entanglements and protect sea turtles.

The National Marine Fisheries Service of NOAA studies fish stocks' life histories and ecology. The service creates annual quotas based on these findings. The service also undertakes research on climate change, environmental variability, and fishing's socioeconomic impact. NOAA Fisheries has produced over a dozen reports on its aims and achievements to far. "Restoration Strategies and Community Involvement in Fish Stock Management: Opportunities and Challenges of the Future," the SWFSC's most recent annual report, highlights its efforts.

Brannon Finney thinks that the MMPA prohibits killing marine mammals while fishing, but permits bycatch and incidental take of listed species. The NMFS has the authority to restrict this permission based on the likelihood of a contact. Bycatch refers to unintentional captures. Fishing that causes unintended harm to a listed species is classified as a "incidental take" under the ESA, and must be reported and approved by the NMFS.

For commercial fishers, overfishing is a big issue. Commercial fishing activity has declined by 55 percent in the last decade, with landings falling by 93 percent and 89 percent, respectively. The overfishing of groundfish has had a significant negative influence on the environment in these fisheries. This is a self-sustaining loop. However, there are long-term alternatives to decrease the negative effects of overfishing. Educating our fisheries is the first step toward ensuring a sustainable future for marine life.

Brannon Finney feels that the National Marine Fisheries Service is working to protect and restore the ecosystem in the West Pacific. The dismantling of four dams on the Klamath River, for example, will allow salmonids to return to the area. In December 2021, the Biological Opinion will be completed. The National Marine Fisheries Service will be allowed to resume commercial fishing operations in the impacted waters thanks to a private-public collaboration.

[coveriverranch]

Why Is It Important To Choose Fish Hatchery Utah

Looking for a dependable fish hatchery in Utah can be an overwhelming task. There are a lot of factors to consider like water quality, fish breeds, and hatching techniques. But don't worry, Cove River Ranch has got you covered! In this blog post, we'll take a closer look at why it is important to choose Cove River Ranch for your fish hatchery needs. From their state-of-the-art facilities to their commitment to sustainable practices, Cove River Ranch is the perfect choice for both commercial and recreational fish hatchery needs. So whether you're stocking a private pond or managing a large-scale aquaculture operation, read on to discover why Cove River Ranch should be at the top of your list.

Cove River Ranch, located in Utah, is one of the most efficient and dependable fish hatcheries in the United States. The process of fish rearing in a hatchery can be tricky, and choosing the right one can make a huge difference. It is essential to select a fish hatchery that can provide you with quality fish, as well as an assurance that they were raised under good conditions. Fish Hatchery Utah offers a variety of fish species to suit the needs of anglers and hobbyists alike. Utah's fish hatcheries must meet stringent standards, and they are regularly inspected to ensure that the fish are healthy and disease-free. Moreover, Fish Hatchery Utah complies with state and federal regulations related to the production of fish. Therefore, it is imperative to choose Fish Hatchery Utah when looking for a source of quality, disease-free fish that will thrive in your water body. We will explore the reasons why it is important to choose a fish hatchery in Utah.

Conservation Efforts: Fish hatcheries in Utah actively contribute to the conservation and restoration of fish populations. By selecting a fish hatchery in Utah, you are supporting organizations that work tirelessly to conserve native species, protect endangered fish, and restore habitats.

Sustainable Fishing: They carefully monitor fish populations, regulate fishing seasons and limits, and implement strategies to minimize the impact on the environment. By choosing a fish hatchery in Utah, you are supporting sustainable fishing practices that promote the responsible use of natural resources while ensuring the availability of fish for future generations.

High-Quality Fish: They employ advanced breeding techniques, select the healthiest broodstock, and provide optimal conditions for fish growth and development. Choosing a fish hatchery in Utah ensures that you receive healthy and genetically diverse fish that will contribute to a vibrant and sustainable fishery.

Recreational Opportunities: Utah is a paradise for anglers, with its diverse range of fishing opportunities, from pristine mountain streams to vast reservoirs. Choosing a fish hatchery in Utah opens up a world of recreational fishing possibilities.

Educational Value: These facilities often have visitor centers, interpretive displays, and guided tours that allow people to learn about the life cycle of fish, habitat conservation, and the importance of preserving aquatic ecosystems.

Economic Impact: Fish hatcheries in Utah contribute to the local economy by generating revenue through the sale of fishing licenses, permits, and fish stocking fees. They also attract visitors who spend money on accommodations, dining, and recreational activities.

In conclusion, the importance of Utah's ecosystem cannot be overstated, and preserving its fish population is crucial to maintaining a healthy balance. Private Fish Hatcheries in Utah play a vital role in this conservation effort by providing an optimal environment for fish breeding, hatching, and raising. By choosing Utah Private Fish Hatcheries, you can rest assured that you are getting high-quality fish that meet strict guidelines and regulations. Furthermore, buying from local businesses supports the state's economy, making it a win-win situation for everyone involved. So, if you care about the environment, supporting local businesses, and enjoying top-quality fish, choose Utah Private Fish Hatcheries.

For more information, visit our website: https://coveriverranch.com/

[hummingzone]

A tenth of fish stocks globally now on the brink of collapse, report finds

A tenth of fish stocks globally now on the brink of collapse, report finds

“Australia has a well-developed fisheries governance system that, where applied, has the capacity to ensure sustainable fishing,” the report, which was released on Sunday, said. Read More “However, Australia has made limited progress to restore fish stocks to sustainable levels, and many stocks remain overfished or unassessed.” The study found 38 per cent of the nation’s fish stocks are…

[olgagarmash]

How human health is ‘intricately linked’ to ocean health – Medical News Today

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New research highlights the nature of the associations between ocean health and human health. Kier James Albarracin/EyeEm/Getty Images

The world’s ocean has faced unprecedented challenges due to human actions.

A new report argues that ocean health is “intricately linked” to human health.

The report demonstrates these links and sets out strategies for restoring the damage done to the ocean.

In a new report, a team of researchers argues that the world’s ocean is “intricately linked” to human health. As a consequence, repairing the human-influenced damage done to the ocean will also benefit human health.

In the paper, which appears in the American Journal of Public Health, the authors say that restoring the health of oceans should not just be the priority of marine scientists but also the medical community and the public more broadly.

The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface and is crucial not only for environmental health but also for the health of humans.

However, human actions have significantly damaged the health of the world’s ocean. The issues that it currently faces include:

According to the researchers behind the present article, as well as damaging the health of the world’s ocean, these issues also negatively impact human health.

The team highlights that the United Nations (UN) have announced the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, covering 2021–2030. They argue that this is an ideal time for humanity to rethink its relationship to the world’s ocean.

According to Prof. Sheila J. J. Heymans of the European Marine Board and a co-author of the article, “the UN Ocean Decade is a chance to transform the way we interact with the global ocean. Given how critical the link is between the health of people and the health of the ocean and how important the ocean is for humans, achieving the aims of the Ocean Decade should not be left to just the ocean community.”

“By working together with communities, policymakers, business[es], and other stakeholders, we add impetus to finding powerful, effective, new ways to foster a step-change in public health.”

The researchers highlight that around the world, swimming in polluted seas is linked with over 250 million cases of respiratory illness and gastroenteritis each year.

Furthermore, Arctic indigenous peoples have become exposed to a build-up of organic pollutants. Coastal communities are exposed to indirect damage to their health when fish stocks collapse, restricting access to food and severely reducing livelihoods.

The researchers argue that responding to this damage to ocean health will also improve people’s health. However, oceans can also promote human health in their own right.

The scientists point out that seafood provides a key source of omega-3 fatty acids, while extracts from marine organisms can play a role in medical treatments. Additionally, “blue spaces” — locations near water — also have links with improvements in people’s physical and mental health.

The researchers argue that because of this relationship between ocean health and human health, concern for the health of the ocean should extend beyond marine scientists.

As part of the research initiative, the Seas, Oceans & Public Health in Europe (SOPHIE) Project, which receives European Union funding, has identified three areas that different stakeholders can collaborate. These are:

sustainable seafood for healthy people

biodiversity, biotechnology, and medicine

blue spaces, tourism, and well-being

Importantly, the authors highlight the need to address social injustices related to ocean health.

According to Prof. Lora Fleming of the University of Exeter and first author of the report, “the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, climate, and other environmental change and the perilous state of our seas have made clear that we share a single planet with a single global ocean.

“Our moral compass points to addressing the myriad threats and potential opportunities we encounter by protecting and providing for everyone — both rich and poor — while learning to sustain all ecosystems.”

If a collaboration between the multiple communities of people with a relationship to the oceans is possible, then the researchers believe meaningful positive change could occur.

These identified approaches include replacing plastics with natural marine products, using marine renewable energy instead of fossil fuels, ensuring the restocking of fisheries, and restoring biodiversity by promoting marine protected areas (MPAs).

Collaboration with local communities may also help ensure MPAs are effective at limiting overfishing.

According to co-author Dr. Easkey Britton, a marine social scientist and member of the SOPHIE Project, “the failure of certain MPAs, in Europe and elsewhere, is often the consequence of exclusionary conservation with inadequate inclusion and lack of meaningful engagement with local communities with traditional ecological knowledge in the decision making processes — from the initial planning stages and throughout the ongoing management of MPAs.”

For the researchers, the UN Ocean Decade is a chance to instill pro-environmental behavior in individuals and communities and realign the governance of the oceans around local concerns.

As Prof. Fleming and her co-authors argue, “the personal meaning of the challenges that communities face and the sense of personal vulnerability can generate greater awareness and create engagement.

“Providing [local] practical solutions can empower sustainable actions, especially when supported by national and international higher-level policies and regulatory frameworks.”

While the team makes clear that holistic, systemic change is necessary to restore ocean health and consequently human health, they also suggest actions individuals can take.

According to Dr. Britton, “understanding how and why ocean and human health are intricately interdependent means recognizing that all our actions have an impact on the future health of the planet and our communities.”

She told MNT: “Building community around the challenges we face and the solutions we need is the most important thing. For anyone wishing to take action, we are stronger together. Find your people — join an existing cause, campaign, or ocean organization addressing the issue you care most about and commit your own skills and strengths to the work we need to do to restore our global ocean.”

“There are many amazing citizen science opportunities where you can be at the frontline of monitoring ocean health while deepening your connection with the ocean at the same time. And use your power as a citizen, making the ocean your number one voting issue.”

– Dr. Easkey Britton

For Prof. Heymans, people can also make everyday choices that make a difference.

These include:

reducing plastic consumption and recycling more

cleaning up local streets to avoid plastic washing into stormwater drains and out to the ocean

reducing ocean acidification by taking public transport and avoiding eating meat, both of which lower a person’s carbon footprint

For co-author Dr. Sam Dupont, a marine expert with the SOPHIE Project, lowering our carbon footprint is key in preventing damage to the oceans from happening in the first place.

“For the ocean as for our own health, prevention is always better than treatment. Impacts of climate change and ocean acidification are increasingly important, and as a society, we should work toward decreasing CO2 emissions (as well as other environmental pressures) to avoid more pressures in the near future.

“This means adapting the way we live, consume, eat, but also vote. We need to be the change but also accept the changes to come.”

source https://wealthch.com/how-human-health-is-intricately-linked-to-ocean-health-medical-news-today/