#Water Tanker Association

[indianfasttrack]

Mumbai: BMC की नोटिस जारी होने के बाद पानी टैंकरों का अनिश्चितकालीन हड़ताल

बृहन्मुंबई महानगर पालिका ने निजी कुओं के मालिकों को नोटिस जारी किया है। जिसके बाद गुरुवार को Mumbai Water Tanker Association ने अनिश्चितकालीन हड़ताल की घोषणा कर दी है। (Mumbai Water tankers on indefinite strike after BMC issues notice) मुंबई- बृहन्मुंबई महानगर पालिका (BMC) ने शहर के निजी कुआ मालिकों को पानी सप्लाई से जुड़ी कुछ नियमों और शर्तों से संबंधित नोटिस जारी किया है। इसको लेकर मुंबई जल…

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from Inside Climate News:

For the second time, a federal court struck down a regulatory agency’s authorization of two controversial, multi-billion-dollar gas export projects in far South Texas, one of which is already under construction. 

In an Aug. 6 opinion, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Washington, D.C. Circuit cited “the nature and severity of the flaws” in reviews by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission of the two proposed gas liquefaction and export complexes, Rio Grande LNG and Texas LNG, along with the associated Rio Bravo Pipeline. 

“Although we do not take this step lightly, the circumstances here require it,” the ruling said. “We appreciate the significant disruption vacatur may cause the projects. But that does not outweigh the seriousness of the Commission’s procedural defects.”

The court wrote that FERC failed in its analyses of environmental justice and climate impacts, air pollution modeling and procedural obligations. FERC and the developers now have 45 days to seek a re-hearing.  

The two complexes in question plan to pipe in Texas shale gas, condense it and load millions of tons per year onto tanker ships for sale overseas as liquified natural gas, or LNG. Each complex costs billions of dollars, spans hundreds of acres and makes up part of an ongoing boom in gas export projects along the Gulf Coast of Texas and Louisiana. 

Rio Grande LNG parent company NextDecade said in a statement it was “disappointed in the Court’s decision and disagrees with its conclusions.” 

The company added that construction continues on the first three liquefaction trains and related infrastructure at Rio Grande LNG near Brownsville and it will examine what impact the court’s order will have on future plans for added infrastructure.

The company announced last July it had secured investor funding to begin construction on its 750-acre, $18 billion facility. 

A spokesperson for Texas LNG, a smaller, adjacent project on the Brownsville Ship Channel that is yet to secure sufficient funding, said the ruling was a procedural decision to correct a technical deficiency, which they were still studying. 

“We have full confidence FERC will address this matter judiciously and efficiently and look forward to working with them on this important issue,” the spokesperson said in a statement.

Three small surrounding cities and the local water district have passed resolutions opposing the projects, situated between national wildlife refuges and atop wetlands. 

[beardedmrbean]

CHANCAY, Peru (AP) — On the edge of Peru’s coastal desert, a remote fishing town where a third of all residents have no running water is being transformed into a huge deep-water port to cash in on the inexorable rise of Chinese interest in resource-rich South America.

The megaport of Chancay, a $1.3 billion project majority-owned by the Chinese shipping giant Cosco, is turning this outpost of bobbing fishing boats into an important node of the global economy.

From the presidential palace in Lima, 60 kilometers (37 miles) south of the port inauguration ceremony, China’s President Xi Jinping watched a livestream of the ribbon-cutting alongside his Peruvian counterpart, Dina Boluarte, late Thursday.

The leaders' faces appeared on a giant screen in Chancay, where engineers in bright orange safety vests declared the port operational to the swell of string instruments. Chinese dancers with red dragon-costume heads seemingly burst out of nowhere to prance around the docking station as a crane lowered the first aluminum containers onto a berthed cargo ship.

“Considerable income and enormous job opportunities will be generated for Peru,” Xi said from Lima, where world leaders were preparing to gather for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. “This will generate tangible results for the people of the region.”

But the development — expected to encompass 15 quays and a large industrial park drawing more than $3.5 billion in investment over a decade — has met a skeptical response from impoverished villagers, who say it is depriving them of fishing waters and bringing no economic benefit to locals.

“Our fishing spots no longer exist here. They destroyed them,” said 78-year-old fisherman Julius Caesar — “like the emperor of Rome” — gesturing toward the dockside cranes. “I don't blame the Chinese for trying to mine this place for all it's worth. I blame our government for not protecting us.”

The Peruvian government hopes the port will become a strategic transshipment hub for the region, opening a new line connecting South America to Asia and speeding trade across the Pacific for Peru's blueberries, Brazil's soybeans and Chile's copper, among other exports.

Officials cite the port's potential to generate millions of dollars in revenues and turn coastal cities into so-called special economic zones with tax breaks to lure investment.

“We Peruvians are focused primarily on the well-being of Peruvians,” Foreign Minister Elmer Schialer told The Associated Press.

But many of Chancay's 60,000 residents are unconvinced. Fishermen returning to port with smaller catches complain that they have already lost out.

The dredging of the port — which sucked sediment from the seabed to create a shipping channel 17 meters (56 feet) deep — has ruined fish breeding grounds, locals said.

“I’ve been out in the water all day and I’m always needing to venture farther,” said Rafael Ávila, a 28-year-old fisherman with sand in his hair, returning to shore empty-handed and exhausted.

“This used to be enough,” he said, pointing at his painted dinghy. “Now I need a larger, more expensive boat to reach the fish."

To make extra cash, Ávila started offering occasional joyrides to selfie-taking visitors wanting to get a glimpse at the hulking Chinese ships.

With some of the world's largest container ships to berth at Chancay Port in January 2025, residents also fear the arrival of pollution and oil spills. In 2022, a botched tanker delivery at La Pampilla refinery nearby sent thousands of barrels of crude oil spilling into Peru's famously biodiverse waters, killing countless fish and putting legions of fishermen out of work.

Today a glance at the moribund town center, featuring mostly empty seafood restaurants, tells the story of diminished fishing stocks and decimated tourism even without the port being operational.

The port's breakwater changed the currents and destroyed good surfing conditions, locals said, affecting everyone from ice vendors to truckers to restaurant owners. “No to the megaport” is spray-painted on a wall overlooking the waterfront.

“This port is a monster that's come here to screw us,” said 40-year-old Rosa Collantes, cleaning and gutting slimy drum fish on the shore. “People come to the port and they say ‘Wow, tremendous!' but they don't see the reality.”

Port authorities say they're aware of the stark contrast between the sleek modern port and the surrounding village of Chancay, where many live on unpaved roads lined with ragged shacks and littered with trash.

“You cannot build a state-of-the-art port and have a city next to it that has no drinking water, no sewage, a collapsing hospital and no educational centers,” said Mario de las Casas, a manager for Cosco in Chancay, adding that the company had already launched studies to determine how the port could help reduce inequality and spur local growth.

“The port should not be a blemish,” De las Casas said.

[piotrtymcio]

Poidło

Canon EOS M100, EF-M22mm f/2 STM

[EN] This snow didn’t last long, but I managed to take plenty of photos. This week, however, my efforts haven’t been as fruitful. Here’s something that has always fascinated me in some way—a common method of watering cattle I often come across. An old bathtub. Why throw it away? You can place it in a field and use it to water animals. Occasionally top it up from a tanker, and every so often make a trip to refill the tanker.

When I was very little, my paternal grandparents lived in the countryside. What trips those were! The bus only went so far, and from there, you had to walk a certain distance. That distance felt monstrous to me back then, but in reality, it was only about two kilometers. The views were breathtaking—hills, valleys, dense forests. Today, I laugh at myself when I think about it. Only the forest still impresses me. I must have been four or five years old. I don’t even remember exactly when my grandparents moved. I think they were already living in the city by the time I started kindergarten. I remember my parents constantly warning me not to touch the electric fences around the fields. They told stories of parents who tried to rescue their electrocuted children, only to be killed themselves. A lesson in electrical conductivity. It wasn’t just a scare tactic. Many farmers back then, including my grandfather, I believe, ran electricity directly from the socket. 220V, and that was that.

Anyway, we were always greeted by a metal gate with diagonal crossbars. That’s stuck in my mind as a visualization of Sundays. I had such associations. Mondays, on the other hand, brought to mind the radio frequency dial on the popular Kasprzak radio. But that’s another story... Exploring the farm was an adventure like no other. Cows, chickens, pigs. A horse! The horse was named Bułan. I even had the chance to ride him—with adult supervision, of course. If Bułan was harnessed to a cart, I was allowed to drive it myself. Isn’t that cool? It was for me. Just like the time I found an old motorcycle in the hayloft! In fact, there were plenty of such treasures scattered across the farm—old rakes, mowers, and other equipment. It was so much fun! Climbing onto the seat of one of these machines and pretending to drive. Or wrestling with a lever trying to lift the rake tines.

You can tell I got a bit carried away, can’t you? I could go on forever. About mushroom-picking trips. About battling a rooster with a stick. About treasures in the attic! About the neighbor’s daughter, whose family didn’t get along with my grandparents. About climbing onto the shed roof. The more I write, the more I remember. Yes, it was a very happy early childhood. At least in hindsight. If I had any bad memories, I must have repressed them. I think without those experiences, my childhood would have been much poorer.

[PL] Ten śnieg leżał krótko ale zdążyłem narobić zdjęć. W tym tygodniu zaś, na razie, kiepsko mi to idzie. Tu rzecz która zawsze w jakiś sposób mnie fascynowała. To jedna z popularniejszych form pojenia bydła jaką spotykam. Stara wanna. Ot po co wyrzucać? Można postawić na pole i poić zwierzęta. Raz na jakiś czas dopuścić wody z cysterny. Trochę rzadziej zrobić kurs, w tą i z powrotem, aby napełnić cysternę wodą.

Jak byłem taki bardzo mały to moi dziadkowie od strony ojca mieszkali na wsi. Co to były za wycieczki? Autobus dojeżdżał tylko do pewnego miejsca. Dalej trzeba było przejść pewien dystans piechotą. Ta odległość wydawała mi się wtedy potworna. A w rzeczywistości to były ze dwa kilometry. Widoki zapierały dech w piersiach. Wzgórza, doliny. Gęsty las. Dziś się sam śmieje do siebie jak to widzę. Tylko las dalej robi wrażenie. Miałem wtedy kilka lat. Cztery? Pięć? Nie pamiętam nawet za dobrze kiedy dziadkowie się przeprowadzili. Wydaje mi się, że już w zerówce mieszkali w mieście. Pamiętam, że całą drogą rodzice napominali o niedotykanie pastuchów wokół pól. Opowiadali historie o rodzicach którzy chcieli ratować dzieci rażone prądem sami ginęli. Taka nauka o przewodnictwie prądu. To nie były strachy na lachy. Wielu gospodarzy w tamtym czasie, w tym i mój dziadek zdaje się, puszczało w obwód prąd z gniazdka. 220V i na razie.

W każdym razie witała nas zawsze metalowa brama ze skośnymi belkami na krzyż. To w mojej głowie utknęło jako wizualizacja niedzieli. Miałem takie skojarzenia. Poniedziałek przywoływał w głowie wskazówkę częstotliwości w radiu. Popularnym Kasprzaku. Nie o tym jednak... Buszowanie po gospodarstwie to była przygoda nieporównywalna z niczym. Krowy, kury, świnie. Koń! Koń nazywał się Bułan. Miałem okazję jeździć wierzchem - choć w asyście, asekurujących dorosłych. Jeśli zaprzęgnięto Bułana do wozu mogłem powozić samodzielnie. Czy to nie jest czad? Dla mnie był. Tak samo jak kiedyś w sianie w stodole odnalazłem stary motocykl! Z resztą takich sprzętów rozrzuconych po całym gospodarstwie było sporo. Jakieś stare grabarki i kosiarki. To była świetna zabawa! Wdrapać się na siodło takiego sprzętu i udawać, że się jedzie. Albo szarpać się z wajchą próbując podnosić pręty grabiące.

Widać, że się rozpisałem trochę, nie? Mógłbym bez końca. O wycieczkach na grzyby. O tym jak walczyłem z kogutem za pomocą kija. O skarbach na strychu! O córce sąsiadów z którymi dziadkowie się nie znosili. O wdrapywaniu się na dach szopy. Im więcej piszę tym więcej sobie przypominam. Tak. To było bardzo szczęśliwe wczesne dzieciństwo. Tak z perspektywy czasu. Jeśli miałem jakieś złe wspomnienia to je chyba wyparłem. Myślę, że gdyby nie to, to moje dzieciństwo byłoby znacznie uboższe.

[criticalbread]

Check out this story about the protesters blocking in an oil tanker with a little dingy, and the dozens of kayakers who have gathered to support them! "Thousands of Portlanders have been trying to shut down Zenith for years. They are joined by 46 neighborhood associations, Multnomah County, 20 state legislators, 17 environmental and community organizations. At first, City officials seemed to be listening. They denied the Land Use Compatibility Statement that Zenith needed to continue operating. But then they did an about face, made a back-room deal with Zenith, and betrayed Portlanders. A major part of the deal is that Zenith will transition to renewable fuels. Of course, Zenith has made — and broken — many other promises. (And none of this, unfortunately, even touches on the City’s willful disregard of its own Climate Emergency Declaration.) Currently, Zenith brings in crude oil on mile-long trains that traverse Northern Portland, loads the oil onto ships docked on the river, and then exports fossil fuels down the river and out to the Pacific Ocean. Over the past two years, the volume of oil that has moved through Portland has soared, rising from negligible levels a few years ago to approximately 337 million gallons in 2021 and 374 million gallons in 2022. The Oregon and Washington chapters of Physicians for Social Responsibility recently analyzed 125 peer-reviewed medical journal articles and counted over 300 medical professionals who describe crude oil-by-rail buildout in the Northwest as “an unacceptable threat to human health and safety.”  Zenith Energy is one of ten companies at the Critical Energy Infrastructure (CEI) Hub, a 6-mile stretch of fuel-filled tanks located between Forest Park and the Willamette River. Many storage tanks at the hub are 100 years old, and none are younger than 30 years old, and could collapse in an earthquake."

Any Portlanders who feel strongly about all the new oil deals being created and old one's being upheld - get to City Hall on the 6th at 9AM! Wear red! Call your local news stations to ask that they cover this story!

[businessindustry]

Ballast Water Treatment Systems Market Report, Size, Share by 2025-2033 | Reports and Insights

The Reports and Insights, a leading market research company, has recently releases report titled “Ballast Water Treatment Systems Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2025-2033.” The study provides a detailed analysis of the industry, including the global Ballast Water Treatment Systems Market share, size, trends, and growth forecasts. The report also includes competitor and regional analysis and highlights the latest advancements in the market.

Report Highlights:

How big is the Ballast Water Treatment Systems Market?

The global ballast water treatment systems market was valued at US$ 7.8 billion in 2024 and is expected to register a CAGR of 8.1% over the forecast period and reach US$ 15.7 billion in 2033.

What are Ballast Water Treatment Systems?

Ballast Water Treatment Systems are utilized on ships to manage ballast water, which is taken on board to stabilize the vessel's balance. This water frequently contains diverse organisms that can be detrimental to marine ecosystems if discharged in a different location. The systems are designed to eliminate or neutralize these organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and invasive species, before the water is discharged back into the sea. This process aids in preventing the spread of harmful species and diseases, thereby reducing environmental and economic risks.

Request for a sample copy with detail analysis: https://www.reportsandinsights.com/sample-request/1728

What are the growth prospects and trends in the Ballast Water Treatment Systems industry?

The ballast water treatment systems market growth is driven by various factors. The market for ballast water treatment systems is growing significantly, primarily due to strict regulations aimed at preventing the spread of invasive species through ballast water discharge. These systems are crucial for ensuring ships comply with international standards, leading to increased demand for ballast water treatment solutions. Market expansion is also driven by the rise in maritime trade activities and a heightened awareness of environmental conservation. Additionally, advancements in technology, such as the emergence of more efficient and cost-effective treatment systems, are further propelling market growth. Hence, all these factors contribute to ballast water treatment systems market growth.

What is included in market segmentation?

The report has segmented the market into the following categories:

By Type:

Chemical Treatment Systems

Physical Disinfection Systems

Mechanical Systems

By Technology:

Ultraviolet (UV) Treatment

Electro-Chlorination

Advanced Oxidation

Filtration

By Capacity:

Less than 1500 m3/h

1500 m3/h - 5000 m3/h

More than 5000 m3/h

By Vessel Type:

Container Ships

Bulk Carriers

Tankers

Ro-Ro Ships

Others

By Application:

Retrofit

New-build

By End-Use:

Shipping Companies

Offshore Rigs

Military Vessel

Segmentation By Region:

North America:

United States

Canada

Asia Pacific:

China

India

Japan

Australia & New Zealand

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Rest of Asia Pacific

Europe:

Germany

The U.K.

France

Spain

Italy

Russia

Poland

BENELUX (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg)

NORDIC (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark)

Rest of Europe

Latin America:

Brazil

Mexico

Argentina

Rest of Latin America

The Middle East & Africa:

Saudi Arabia

United Arab Emirates

South Africa

Egypt

Israel

Rest of MEA (Middle East & Africa)

Who are the key players operating in the industry?

The report covers the major market players including:

Alfa Laval

Wärtsilä

Evoqua Water Technologies

BIO-UV Group

Trojan Marinex

Optimarin

Panasia

Hyde Marine

De Nora Water Technologies

Xylem Inc.

View Full Report: https://www.reportsandinsights.com/report/Ballast Water Treatment Systems-market

If you require any specific information that is not covered currently within the scope of the report, we will provide the same as a part of the customization.

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[home-inspiration-blog]

Urban fires can mean long trips for helicopters to get water. One LA firefighter had a better idea

By DORANY PINEDA and BRITTANY PETERSON, Associated Press CABAZON  — Mark Whaling and a crew raced up and down a hill in a tanker truck as they battled a wildfire in Los Angeles County, scrambling to get water from a street hydrant in time to stay ahead of flames moving up a ridge. A helicopter flew in to drop water, but it had to fly a long distance to refill — and a fire that might have been…

[balkikhalnews]

BMC stays notices & CM intervenes, but water tanker assn refuses to end stir | Mumbai News

Mumbai: The Mumbai Water Tanker Association’s “indefinite break” entered the second day on Friday even as BMC chief Bhushan Gagrani suspended the notices issued to private well and borewell owners till June 15 and CM Devendra Fadnavis’s intervention, urging the municipality to find an “immediate solution”.Ankur Sharma, MWTA spokesperson, said, “Our position does not change as there is no change…

[moonyeater]

You must get the rest of the main series books THERES BEE DRAGONS AND BUTTERFLY DRAGONS AND SOME SILKWINGS CAN MAKE FIRE SILK AND DKEDNDJKFKKR

twst? Idia best bby- skully second but idk much about him cus i couldn’t do bbys event

obey me? All demon brothers BUT Mammon- I don’t like his design or personality tbh- Belphegor is best of them all tho he so eepy it’s such a mood

wof? PERIL HANDS DOWN I LOVE MY FLAMING LIL SKYWING I LOVE HERRRRRRRR

Istg I’m gonna trap you in a lil jar so you can’t run away/J

also the teams- I can attempt to explain but idk my own thought process-

terra:

Mega manectric as a like- rescue dog sorta thing cus he’s protective over his siblings so obviously he’d want something to be able to help them if he cant

luxray because it can see through things(unlike his ass with xehanort) and can also help his siblings

braviary for ig- aerial support???? I don’t rly know-

solgaleo for OBVIOUS reasons *looks at isa with aelita* but also cus I kinda associate the cute sun and moon stuff with terra and isa more- especially since more often I see the sun drawn with the ground more while the moon it’s with water and the moon needs the sun to glow and the water needs the ground to be able to create the sea floor or ponds while the ground needs water to keep from drying up and the sun needs the moon to keep the worlds day night cycle in balance

crowned zamazenta because he’s more of a tanker out of aqua and ven(for me at least) so he’s willing to sacrifice himself for others similar to zamazenta in the shield lore(??)

Garganacl to represent his name ig idk-

xemnas:

just ditched all but one Pokemon lmao

galarian moltres to stalk down org members from windows or when they’re on missions

defense deoxys to represent how terra could handle more hits and so can xemnas because he uses Terra’s body

gigalith to pin down troubling org members (he used this to give teen isa the x scar) with rock type moves

Malamar to manipulate members into doing what he wants

dusk mane because he let a necrozma take over it basically represents xehanorts control over terra now

necrozma that was used on aelita but technically joined saix cus Dawn wings aelita only listened to saix

ansem:

also ditched Terra’s team(the rest of the team probably stayed with lingering will)

also he’d probably love dark and poison lol

mega gengar to watch Riku from the shadows post kh1 which continued following him post kh3 cus ansem is dead

mega houndoom to punish people who attempt to get in his way of kingdom hearts and all his other plans-

Honchkrow to watch over guardian during kh3 since now terra nort has him and he does care about guardian-

garchomp as a replacement to guardian during kh3 because again- no longer had him to help him in battle so had to find a kinda temp replacement

yveltal to represent guardians kh1 end form kinda- and also to represent the ig sense of self he grew over the span of kh which yk- could allow him a replica- dadsem seeker of darkness/hj

Naganadel which was used to trick Riku enough in KH 1 to let ansem basically take him over idk

xehanort:

genesect- man made creation- he basically created the unversed through vanitas

necrozma- parasite- used terra all throughout bbs and even past it via ansem and xemnas

eternatus- LITERALLY TRIED TO KILL OFF ALL OF GALAR WITH ITS DARKEST DAY SHIT- LITERALLY TRIED RESETING ALL THE WORLDS WITH HIS KEYBLADE WAR SHIT

annihilape- dead monkey that lives out of spite- should be fuckinf dead but his old ass came back in ddd like a bat out of hell

mega mewtwo x- man made creation and buff as shit- THIS MAN PICKED UP A FULLY ARMORED AND STRUGGLING VENTUS BY ONLY HIS HEAD AND HELD HIM OVER THE EDGE OF A CLIFF- AND DID BASICALLY THE SAME THING WITH KAIRI- I understand why Eraqus let him come over in bbs

Black kyurem- one word one name- darkness- ghetsis

ghetsis can go die in a ditch for how he dared treating N

Eraqus:

mega pidgeot- idk he just seems like he’d find a random pidgey and name it fluffy as a teen- and then keep it with him throughout life

absol- Warner of disasters- x - k e y b l a d e

serperior- they’d just give the same “I’m not mad I’m disappointed” look

hisuian samurott- look at eraqus’ design and armor from mirage arena- need I say more?

gothitelle- can tell the future of which is very useful for a keyblade master to use- tho he absolutely ignored it for xehanort- gothitelle should’ve slapped his dumbass for that

rayquaza

🦖<- terra with darkness

/——————\ ______🐟____<-aqua pushing herself

I don’t need more than that

Back to me hole thoooooo

OH NO YOU REALLY DID IMPLODE NOOOO

I WANT TOO SOO BAD AND I WILL!!! THOSE DRAGONS SOUND SOO COOL OUGHHHHH

but also youre so right, Idia is the best boy! i havent played in a hot minute tbh but i think I remember seeing Skully all over my fyp at some point LMAO & Belphegor tooo. i miss him. i missss all of them <//3 even mammon LMAO thats ankther game i havent actually played in a bit 😭

looking forward in being trapped in a jar though! /j

reading thru the teams & getting to the part where you mention terra's team after being ditched by xemnas and ansem and so they stay with lingering will made me so depressed OUGHHHH AND TERRISA SUN AND MOON SYMBOLISM OHHH I EAT THAT UP!! and the dusk mane... oiuoouoouoou..

eternatus is sooo fitting LMAO twinsies!! god your explanations for xehanorts pokemons are getting so many giggles out of me and a few of eraqus's too jajajaja

thankk uuu 4 coming out of your hole for a bit to send in this ask, ill see uu later

[indianfasttrack]

Mumbai: पानी संकट से निपटने के लिए BMC ने लागू किया आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम

प्रतिक्रियात्मक फाइल तस्वीर मुंबई में पानी सप्लाई करने वाले टैंकरों के हड़ताल से शहर में हाहाकार मच गया है। 10 अप्रैल गुरुवार से शुरू हुए अनिश्चितकालीन हड़ताल ने शहर में पानी की किल्लत होने लगी है। अब बृहन्मुंबई महानगर पालिका ने इस समस्या से निपटने के लिए मुंबई में आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम 2005 लागू कर दिया है। Mumbai Chaos due to strike by water tanker operators, BMC implements Disaster Management…

[chemanalystdata]

U.S. Hydrogen Prices 2025, Trend, Graph, Chart and Forecast

The Hydrogen market has witnessed significant developments in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean energy solutions and the global transition toward decarbonization. Hydrogen is emerging as a vital energy carrier with applications across various sectors, including transportation, industrial processes, and power generation. As governments and industries prioritize sustainability, the demand for hydrogen continues to surge, influencing its price trends and market dynamics.

Hydrogen prices are shaped by several key factors, including production methods, regional supply-demand imbalances, and technological advancements. The primary methods of producing hydrogen include steam methane reforming (SMR), coal gasification, and water electrolysis. Each method carries distinct cost structures that influence market prices. SMR, a conventional method that relies on natural gas, remains the most cost-effective solution for large-scale hydrogen production. However, this process emits carbon dioxide, prompting industries to adopt cleaner alternatives such as green hydrogen derived from renewable energy sources through electrolysis. Green hydrogen production costs are relatively higher due to the expenses associated with renewable energy infrastructure and electrolyzer technology. As innovation accelerates, production costs are gradually decreasing, which could improve market competitiveness.

Get Real time Prices for Hydrogen : https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/hydrogen-1165

Regional factors also play a crucial role in hydrogen pricing. Countries with abundant renewable resources can produce green hydrogen at more competitive rates. For instance, regions like the Middle East and North Africa benefit from ample solar and wind potential, driving down renewable energy costs and making hydrogen production more cost-effective. Conversely, countries with limited access to renewable resources may face higher hydrogen costs, relying heavily on imported supplies. Transporting hydrogen, whether via pipelines, liquefied hydrogen tankers, or ammonia carriers, adds further logistical expenses, contributing to regional price discrepancies.

Government policies and incentives have a significant impact on hydrogen prices. Many nations are implementing subsidies, grants, and carbon pricing mechanisms to encourage hydrogen adoption. The European Union, for example, has introduced its "Fit for 55" climate package, emphasizing hydrogen development as a core strategy for achieving carbon neutrality. Similarly, countries like Japan, South Korea, and the United States are heavily investing in hydrogen infrastructure and incentivizing green hydrogen production to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. These initiatives are crucial in accelerating cost reductions and expanding the hydrogen market.

The industrial sector remains a major driver of hydrogen demand, particularly in refining, ammonia production, and steel manufacturing. As industries transition toward cleaner energy solutions, the demand for low-carbon hydrogen is expected to grow substantially. Hydrogen's versatility makes it an attractive option for replacing traditional fuels in high-heat processes and energy-intensive applications. Moreover, the transportation sector is emerging as a significant growth avenue, with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles gaining momentum. Automotive giants are investing heavily in fuel cell technology, further driving demand and influencing market prices.

Technological advancements are playing a pivotal role in reshaping the hydrogen market. Improvements in electrolyzer efficiency, enhanced storage solutions, and cost-effective hydrogen transportation methods are critical for reducing overall production costs. Innovations in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are also contributing to the development of blue hydrogen, a cleaner alternative derived from natural gas with reduced carbon emissions. The advancement of modular and scalable hydrogen production units is expected to improve market accessibility, enabling smaller industries to adopt hydrogen solutions economically.

Global market trends indicate a positive outlook for hydrogen prices, with expectations of gradual cost reductions driven by economies of scale and improved efficiency. The rising adoption of renewable energy sources and declining costs of solar and wind power are anticipated to bolster green hydrogen production, narrowing the price gap with conventional hydrogen. Additionally, increased investment in hydrogen infrastructure, including refueling stations and pipelines, will contribute to market expansion and stable pricing.

Despite positive growth prospects, challenges persist in the hydrogen market. Infrastructure development remains a key hurdle, requiring substantial investments to support large-scale hydrogen production, storage, and distribution. The need for standardization in safety protocols, transportation regulations, and certification frameworks also presents obstacles to widespread hydrogen adoption. Moreover, the volatility of natural gas prices can influence the cost of grey and blue hydrogen, impacting overall market stability.

The competitive landscape of the hydrogen market is evolving rapidly, with key players investing in innovative technologies and strategic partnerships. Major energy companies, technology firms, and industrial giants are expanding their hydrogen portfolios through mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures. Companies are actively working on developing integrated hydrogen ecosystems that connect production hubs, storage facilities, and end-use industries to ensure efficient supply chains and competitive pricing.

Looking ahead, the hydrogen market is expected to witness robust growth driven by increased policy support, technological advancements, and expanding industry adoption. As the global energy transition accelerates, hydrogen will play a pivotal role in achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable development. Countries that invest in hydrogen infrastructure and production capabilities are likely to gain a competitive edge in the evolving energy landscape. By addressing cost challenges, improving technological efficiency, and establishing regulatory frameworks, the hydrogen market can achieve greater stability and affordability, fostering its widespread integration across industries.

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[beardedmrbean]

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Yemen's Houthi rebels likely fired an Iranian-made anti-ship cruise missile at a Norwegian-flagged tanker in the Red Sea in December, an assault that now provides a public, evidence-based link between the ongoing rebel campaign against shipping and Tehran, the U.S. military says.

A report by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency released Wednesday linked the attack on the Strinda, which set the vessel ablaze, to Tehran, the Houthi's main backer in Yemen's nearly decadelong war. The findings correspond with those of a Norway-based insurers group that also examined debris found on the Strinda.

It comes as the Houthis continue their monthslong campaign of attacks over the Israel-Hamas war, targeting ships in the Red Sea corridor, disrupting the $1 trillion flow of goods passing through it annually while also sparking the most intense combat the U.S. Navy has seen since World War II.

Iran's mission to the United Nations, responding to questions from The Associated Press, again denied arming the Houthis despite the reports.

“We are aware that (the Houthis) have significantly developed their military capabilities relying on their very own sources,” the mission said. "The prolonged war against them is the primary factor behind the expansion of their military prowess.”

The Strinda was coming from Malaysia and was bound for the Suez Canal and then on to Italy with a cargo of palm oil when it was struck by a missile Dec. 11. The attack sparked a major fire on board that the crew later extinguished without anyone being hurt.

Debris found on board later was analyzed by the U.S. military. The DIA compared the pieces of the engine from the missile found on board to the Iranian Noor anti-ship ballistic cruise missile.

“The Iranian Tolu-4 turbojet engine, used in the Noor (missile), has unique features — including the compressor stage and stator — that are consistent with engine debris recovered from the ... Houthi attack on the M/T Strinda,” the DIA report said. A stator is the stationary portion of an engine.

Those pieces match images of a Tolu-4 engine that Iran displayed at the International Air and Space Show in Russia in 2017, the DIA said. Visually, the engines bore similarities in the photographs.

The Noor was reverse engineered by Iran from the Chinese C-802 anti-ship missile, which Iran purchased from Beijing and began testing in 1996 before transfers stopped over a U.S. pressure campaign. The Iranian version is believed to have a range of up to 170 kilometers (105 miles), with an upgraded version called the Qader having a range up to 300 kilometers (185 miles). The Houthis have a look-alike missile to the Qader called the Al-Mandeb 2 with a similar range.

The Norwegian Shipowners’ Mutual War Risks Insurance Association, known by the acronym DNK, also examined the debris following the Strinda attack. The association assessed it was “highly likely” the vessel had been hit by a C-802 or Noor anti-ship cruise missile.

Before the Houthis swept into Yemen's capital, Sanaa, in 2014, the country did not have an arsenal of C-802 missiles. As the Saudi-led coalition entered Yemen’s conflict on behalf of its exiled government in 2015, the Houthis’ arsenal was increasingly targeted. Soon — and despite Yemen having no indigenous missile manufacturing infrastructure — newer missiles made their way into rebel hands.

Iran long has denied arming the Houthis, likely because of a yearslong United Nations arms embargo on the rebels. However, the U.S. and its allies have seized multiple arms shipments bound for the rebels in Mideast waters. Weapons experts as well have tied Houthi arms seized on the battlefield back to Iran.

While the U.S. has previously accused Iran of supplying the missiles the Houthis use in their attacks at sea, Wednesday's report provided photographic evidence for the first time. The report pointed to a seizure stemming from a Jan. 11 nighttime raid of an Iranian dhow traveling near the coast of Somalia, which saw two Navy SEALs killed. The Navy seized parts related to the Noor anti-ship cruise missile, the report said.

The Houthis have launched seaborne attacks since 2016, when they hit the Emirati vessel SWIFT-1 with a missile as it sailed back and forth in the Red Sea between an Emirati troop base in Eritrea and Yemen. They also tried to attack the USS Mason, an Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer, around the same time.

But the Houthi attacks have rapidly escalated since November over the Israel-Hamas war in the Gaza Strip. The rebels have targeted more than 70 vessels by firing missiles and drones in their campaign that has killed four sailors. They have seized one vessel and sank two in the time since.

The Houthis maintain that their attacks target ships linked to Israel, the United States or Britain as part of the rebels’ support for the militant group Hamas in its war against Israel. However, many of the ships attacked have little or no connection to the war — including some bound for Iran, which backs the Houthis.

“The Houthis probably have used Iran-supplied weapons to conduct more than 100 attacks against land-based targets in Israel, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen and dozens of attacks targeting ships in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden,” the DIA report said.

Meanwhile early Friday, the private security firm Ambrey reported that a ship traveling in the southern Red Sea saw what appeared to be a missile splash into the sea and another explode in the air nearby.

The U.S. military's Central Command meanwhile reported that it destroyed five Houthi drone boats and two airborne drones in the Red Sea, while destroying another drone in Houthi-controlled territory.

The Houthis did not immediately acknowledge either incident, though it said U.S.-led airstrikes had targeted the Hodeida region Thursday.

[newstfionline]

Saturday, December 28, 2024

Americans are exhausted by political news (AP) As a Democrat who immersed himself in political news during the presidential campaign, Ziad Aunallah has much in common with many Americans since the election. He’s tuned out. “People are mentally exhausted,” said Aunallah, 45, of San Diego. “Everyone knows what is coming and we are just taking some time off.” Television ratings—and now a new poll—clearly illustrate the phenomenon. About two-thirds of American adults say they have recently felt the need to limit media consumption about politics and government because of overload, according to the survey from the Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. Smaller percentages of Americans are limiting their intake of news about overseas conflicts, the economy or climate change, the poll says.

Cutting the Deficit Is Easy—It’s Just Unpopular (WSJ) The federal deficit reached $1.8 trillion, or 6.4% of GDP, last fiscal year, a record outside of war, recession or emergency. Musk and Trump have promised to attack it by cutting federal spending. One simple step would be to stop adding to it. And yet last week neither stood in the way of Congress’s $300 billion in new spending. The reason is obvious: Spending is popular with voters and both parties. This is why commissions, think tanks and earnest outsiders have been papering Washington for decades with ideas to cut spending and the deficit—and mostly gotten nowhere.

Panama’s president calls Trump’s Chinese canal claim ‘nonsense’ (BBC) Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino has denied claims by US president-elect Donald Trump that there are Chinese soldiers stationed at the Panama Canal. In recent days Trump has threatened to take the canal back into US control, accusing Panama of “ripping off” the US by charging high shipping rates. In a message posted to his Truth Social account on Wednesday, Trump wrote: “Merry Christmas to all, including to the wonderful soldiers of China, who are lovingly, but illegally, operating the Panama Canal”. Mulino called the claim “nonsense” and said that there is “absolutely no Chinese interference”. Mulino also rejected the possibility of reducing tolls for US ships or ceding control of the canal, a major shipping channel which connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. “The canal is Panamanian and belongs to Panamanians. There’s no possibility of opening any kind of conversation around this reality,” he said.

Finland Says Vessel Suspected of Cutting Cable May Be Part of Russia’s ‘Shadow Fleet’ (NYT) The Finnish authorities seized an oil tanker on Thursday on the suspicion that it was involved in cutting vital undersea cables and said the ship might have been part of Russia’s “shadow fleet,” aimed at evading Western sanctions. In a statement, the police in Finland said the authorities had boarded the Eagle S tanker in Finnish waters. The ship, which is registered in the Cook Islands in the South Pacific, had been sailing from St. Petersburg, Russia, to Port Said, Egypt, when it was detained. The police said they were investigating whether the vessel was involved in the cutting on Wednesday of the Estlink 2 submarine cable, which carries electricity between Finland and Estonia. The Finnish authorities said Thursday that four other cables carrying data also had been damaged. The police called the latest cable cuts “aggravated vandalism.” The Finnish authorities said the tanker might be part of Russia’s shadow fleet, which emerged as a way to circumvent Western-imposed price caps on Russian oil transported by sea.

Ukraine’s military intelligence says North Korean troops are suffering heavy battlefield losses (AP) North Korean troops are suffering heavy losses in the fighting in Russia’s Kursk region and facing logistical difficulties as a result of Ukrainian attacks, Ukraine’s military intelligence said Thursday. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said earlier this week that 3,000 North Korean troops have been killed and wounded in the fighting in the Kursk region. It marked the first significant estimate by Ukraine of North Korean casualties several weeks after Kyiv announced that North Korea had sent 10,000 to 12,000 troops to Russia to help it in the almost 3-year war.

China’s Xi orders a stop to a spree of mass killings known as ‘revenge on society crimes’ (AP) The order came from the top. China’s leader Xi Jinping wants the recent spree of mass killings that shocked the country not to happen again. He ordered local governments to prevent future “extreme cases.” The attacks, where drivers mow down people on foot or knife-wielding assailants stab multiple victims, are not new in China. But the latest surge drew attention. In November alone, three took place: A man struck people at an elementary school in Hunan province, wounding 30, after suffering investment losses. A student who failed his examination stabbed and killed eight at a vocational school in the city of Yixing. The most victims, 35 people, resulted from a man mowing down a crowd in the southern city of Zhuhai, supposedly upset over his divorce. While pinpointing the exact motive of such attacks can be difficult, there is an overwhelming feeling of being pressured within Chinese society, experts say. “On the surface, it seems like there are individual factors, but we see there’s a common link,” Wu Qiang, a former political science professor, said. “This link is, in my personal opinion, every person has a feeling of injustice. They feel deeply that this society is very unfair and they can’t bear it anymore.”

Taiwan is preparing more than just the military for a China invasion (Business Insider) Taiwan's Presidential Office held its first-ever tabletop war games on Thursday in a sign of heightened tensions with Beijing. The exercise simulates a military escalation with China, which claims Taiwan as its territory. The three-hour wargame exercise involved central and local governments, as well as civil groups. It simulated various scenarios, including one in which self-governed Taiwan is "on the verge of conflict" and "high intensity" grey-zone warfare, Lai said. Liu Shyh-fang, Taiwan's interior minister, said the island's government aims to train over 50,000 volunteers to respond to emergencies by next year. Authorities hope to involve a range of people, including taxi drivers and security guards, in the effort.

South Korea’s opposition-controlled National Assembly votes to impeach acting President Han (AP) South Korea’s opposition-controlled National Assembly voted Friday to impeach acting President Han Duck-soo despite vehement protests by governing party lawmakers, further deepening the country’s political crisis set off by President Yoon Suk Yeol’s stunning imposition of martial law and ensuing impeachment. The impeachments of the country’s top two officials worsen its political turmoil, deepen its economic uncertainty and hurt its international image. The single-chamber National Assembly passed Han’s impeachment motion with a 192-0 vote. Lawmakers with the governing People Power Party boycotted the vote and surrounded the podium where assembly Speaker Woo Won Shik was seated and shouted that the vote was “invalid” and demanded Woo’s resignation. No violence or injuries were reported.

Israel Loosened Its Rules to Bomb Hamas Fighters, Killing Many More Civilians (NYT) At exactly 1 p.m. on Oct. 7, 2023, Israel’s military leadership issued an order that unleashed one of the most intense bombing campaigns in contemporary warfare. Effective immediately, the order granted mid-ranking Israeli officers the authority to strike thousands of militants and military sites that had never been a priority in previous wars in Gaza. Officers could now pursue not only the senior Hamas commanders, arms depots and rocket launchers that were the focus of earlier campaigns, but also the lowest-ranking fighters. In each strike, the order said, officers had the authority to risk killing up to 20 civilians. The order, which has not previously been reported, had no precedent in Israeli military history. Mid-ranking officers had never been given so much leeway to attack so many targets, many of which had lower military significance, at such a high potential civilian cost. It meant, for example, that the military could target rank-and-file militants as they were at home surrounded by relatives and neighbors, instead of only when they were alone outside. The military leadership changed its rules of engagement because it believed that Israel faced an existential threat, according to a senior military officer who answered questions about the order on the condition of anonymity.

Israel’s plan to double the number of settlers in the Golan Heights (AP) A dry mountain wind whipped through a cluster of Israeli flags at the entrance of a kibbutz in the Israeli-annexed Golan Heights, where the tranquility belies the tumultuous events unfolding nearby. Earlier this month, Syrian President Bashar Assad was ousted after nearly 25 years in power. Within hours, Israeli tanks rolled past a razor wire-reinforced fence into the Golan’s demilitarized buffer zone in Syria, created as part of a 1974 ceasefire between the countries. Israel said it was a temporary move to secure its border. Days later, the Israeli government approved Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s $11 million plan of financial incentives to double the population of Israeli settlers in the Golan Heights, which Israel seized from Syria in the 1967 Mideast war. Israel will “continue to hold onto it, make it flourish and settle it,” Netanyahu said. The international community, with one exception, considers the Golan to be occupied Syrian territory, while the United Nations lists Israeli settlements there as illegal. In 2019, the United States became the only country to recognize Israel’s 1981 annexation.

Israel Bombs Yemeni Airport and Ports After Houthi Missile Launches (NYT) The Israeli military on Thursday unleashed a significant air assault on parts of Yemen controlled by the Iranian-backed Houthi militia in retaliation for the group’s missile attacks against Israel, striking back at an adversary more than a thousand miles away. The Israeli assault comes after a week of the Houthis’ near-nightly launches of ballistic missiles and drones against Israel. At least four people were killed and 21 others injured in the attack on Thursday after Israel struck the international airport in Sana and the city of Al Hodeidah, the Saba state news agency said, citing Yemen’s Health Ministry.

Choir named world's oldest during Christmas concert (BBC) A choir with an average age of 94 have sung their way into the record books as they have been crowned the oldest in the world. The Prime Timers, made up of 17 members from seven care homes in Warwickshire, broke the Guinness World Record during a Christmas carol concert in Stratford-upon-Avon on Thursday. The singers, aged between 87 and 99, were joined at the Crowne Plaza Hotel by Tony Christie and the show was hosted by actor Sian Reeves, who advocates for therapeutic use of music. Speaking before the performance, member Chris Righton, 91, said he wasn't feeling nervous, adding: "You can't have nerves. You've got rid of them all by the time you're 90."

[bigcountryrecycling]

What is Water Pollution? Causes and Effects

Introduction

Water pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues facing our world today. Defined as the contamination of water bodies such as river, lakes, oceans, and groundwater, water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—enter these water bodies, degrading the quality of the water and making it toxic to humans, animals, and the environment. The importance of clean water cannot be overstated; it's essential for drinking, agriculture, sanitation, and supporting ecosystems.

What is water pollution?

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines polluted water as water whose composition has been altered to the point where it is unusable. This means it becomes toxic and unfit for drinking or essential activities like agriculture. Polluted water can also cause diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and poliomyelitis, leading to over 500,000 deaths globally each year.

Key water pollutants include bacteria, viruses, parasites, fertilizers, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, nitrates, phosphates, plastics, faecal waste, and even radioactive substances. These pollutants are often invisible, as they do not always change the water's color. Therefore, small amounts of water and aquatic organisms are tested to assess water quality.

Main causes of water pollution

Global warming:

Rising global temperatures from CO2 emissions heat the water, reducing its oxygen content.

Deforestation:

Cutting down forests can deplete water resources and produce organic waste that serves as a breeding ground for harmful bacteria.

Industry, agriculture and livestock farming:

One of the primary causes of water eutrophication is chemical dumping from these sectors.

Fuel spillages:

The transportation and storage of oil and its derivatives frequently result in leaks, which can contaminate our water resources.

Maritime traffic:

A significant portion of the plastic pollution in the ocean originates from fishing boats, tankers, and cargo ships.

Effects of water pollution

Deteriorating water quality is causing harm to the environment, public health, and the global economy. Here are some additional consequences:

Contamination of the food chain:

Polluted waters used for fishing and wastewater employed in livestock farming and agriculture can introduce toxins into food, posing health risks when consumed.

Disease:

The WHO estimates that approximately 2 billion people drink water contaminated with feces, putting them at risk of diseases like cholera, hepatitis A, and dysentery.

Infant mortality:

Diarrheal diseases associated with poor hygiene lead to the deaths of approximately 1,000 children globally every day, according to the UN.

Prevention of water pollution

Preventing water pollution involves implementing various strategies to reduce contaminants from entering water bodies. This includes enforcing strict regulations on industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and sewage disposal. Implementing advanced wastewater treatment technologies and promoting responsible usage of fertilizers and pesticides also play crucial roles. Additionally, creating awareness among communities about proper waste disposal and encouraging sustainable practices such as rainwater harvesting and wetland preservation are essential. Effective prevention requires a combination of regulatory measures, technological advancements, and public education to safeguard water quality for both human consumption and ecosystem health.

Conclusion

Water pollution poses significant environmental and health risks worldwide due to various causes such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage. These pollutants harm aquatic ecosystems, endangering marine life and compromising water quality for human consumption. However, initiatives like Big Country Recycling play a crucial role in mitigating these impacts by promoting responsible waste management and recycling practices. By supporting such efforts, communities can actively contribute to preserving our water resources for future generations, ensuring a cleaner and healthier environment overall. Recycling is a sustainable practice. If you have any scrap and unused metal such as Copper or Aluminum and you are looking for a good Copper Recycling or Aluminum recycling services, please contact Big Country Recycling.   Contact them today to learn more about their Recycling Services or to get a quote for your materials. Or call +1 325-949-5865.

Source: https://bigcountryrecycling.wordpress.com/2024/07/09/what-is-water-pollution-causes-and-effects/

[joelgsolis]

From Reservoir to Refinery: The Comprehensive Guide to Crude Oil Extraction and Production

The extraction and production of crude oil are critical processes in the energy sector, pivotal to the functioning of modern economies worldwide. This article explores the complex methods and technologies involved in oil drilling, extraction, and production, offering insights into the journey from underground reservoirs to the final crude product.

The Foundations of Oil Drilling

Oil drilling begins with the identification of potential oil reserves. Geologists use various methods to locate these reserves, including seismic surveys and satellite imaging. Once a promising site is identified, the area is prepared for drilling. This preparation often involves building access roads, securing permits, and setting up drilling rigs.

Drilling rigs are towering structures commonly associated with oil extraction. These rigs house the equipment necessary to drill deep into the earth to reach oil-bearing formations. The drilling process involves creating a borehole by continuously turning a drill bit attached to a drill string. A mixture of water, clay, and chemicals, known as drilling mud, is pumped down the drill string to cool the drill bit, remove cuttings, and stabilize the borehole walls.

Journey Down the Well: Techniques and Tools

As the drill bit penetrates deeper layers, various drilling techniques are employed depending on the geological characteristics and depth of the formation. The most common methods include rotary drilling, which uses a rotating drill bit to cut through rock, and directional drilling, which allows for drilling at multiple angles, not just vertically. This is particularly useful for accessing oil deposits spread over a large area or reducing environmental impact.

Once the target depth is reached, the next phase is thriving completion. This involves casing the well with cemented steel pipes to ensure no oil or natural gas escapes. Additionally, perforations are made in the casing opposite the oil-bearing formation, allowing oil to flow into the wellbore.

Extracting the Oil: Primary and Secondary Methods

Oil extraction is categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary (or enhanced) recovery methods, depending on the stage of the well's life and the oil's viscosity.

Primary Recovery: This initial phase uses the reservoir's natural pressure to force the oil to the surface. However, primary recovery typically extracts only about 10-15% of the well's oil because the natural pressure eventually decreases.

Secondary Recovery: To extract more oil, water or gas injection is used to maintain reservoir pressure and push more oil toward the production wells. This method can recover 20-40% of the reservoir's oil.

Enhanced Oil Recovery: Maximizing Output

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are employed when primary and secondary methods become inefficient. These include thermal recovery, which involves injecting steam to lower the viscosity of heavy crude; chemical injection, which uses detergents or polymers to help the oil flow more efficiently; and gas injection, which uses gases like carbon dioxide to mix with and expand the oil, improving flow rates.

EOR techniques can significantly increase a well's output, extracting up to 60% or more of the reservoir's oil.

Transporting Crude Oil to Refineries

After extraction, the crude oil must be transported to refineries for processing. This is typically done through pipelines, tanker trucks, or oil tankers for offshore rigs. Crude oil undergoes several processes at the refinery to separate the various hydrocarbons, remove impurities, and convert them into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.

Environmental and Safety Considerations

The entire oil extraction and production process comes with significant environmental and safety challenges. These include the risk of spills, groundwater contamination, and the emission of greenhouse gases. Oil companies invest in various safety measures and technologies to mitigate these risks, including advanced blowout preventers, automated shutoff systems, and regular safety drills.

Additionally, regulatory bodies enforce strict environmental standards on oil extraction operations to protect ecosystems and reduce the impact of drilling and production activities.

The Crude Reality

The extraction and production of crude oil are technologically advanced processes that require significant investment in technology and safety. From the initial drilling to the final stages of recovery, each step is crucial for maximizing oil recovery while minimizing environmental impact. As the world gradually transitions to renewable energy sources, the oil industry continues to innovate, ensuring that the extraction and production processes are as efficient and environmentally responsible as possible.