#adverbs of frequency in negative sentences

[mylanguageclasses]

Adverbs of Frequency in English: Usage, Rules, and Examples

Introduction Adverbs of frequency are an essential part of English grammar, helping us express how often an action occurs. They answer the question “How often?” and provide clarity in both spoken and written communication. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced learner, mastering these adverbs will enhance your fluency and precision in English. In this blog post, we will explore common…

[inkichan]

ましょう - ましょうか · frequency adverbs

(⁠｡⁠•̀⁠ᴗ⁠-⁠)⁠✧ N5 grammar [ことのは lesson 17]

ましょう and ましょうか

construction:

stem + ましょう -> let's + verb

stem + ましょうか -> shall I + verb + (for you)?

☆ ましょう express desire or enthusiasm. it means "let's do something"

サッカーをしましょう let's play soccer

☆ ましょうか indicates a suggestion or offering of help

手伝(てつだ)いましょうか shall I help you?

frequency adverbs

frequency adverbs are used to describe how often you do something. In general, they are placed at the beginning of the sentence or after the subject.

always -> いつも

usually -> たいてい

often -> よく

sometimes -> と��どき

not often, not much -> あまり

not at all -> ぜんぜん

いつも犬(いぬ)と散歩(さんぽ)します

I always take a walk with my dog

note: あまり and ぜんぜん always accompany the negative form

ケンはぜんぜん英語(えいご)を勉強(べんきょう)しません

Ken doesn't study English at all

またね～@inkichan

꒰ა ˚₊ ✧・┈・╴﹕꒰ ᐢ｡- ༝ -｡ᐢ ꒱﹕╴・┈・𐑺 ‧₊˚໒꒱

[maiega]

A Closer Look at Arabic Adverbs

Arabic is a rich and intricate language, full of various parts of speech that contribute to its unique structure and meaning. One such part of speech that plays a crucial role in sentence construction is the adverb. Adverbs in Arabic help to clarify or modify verbs, adjectives, or even other adverbs. These small words can significantly change the meaning of a sentence, providing important context for the action or description.

Arabic Adverbs are an essential element of the Arabic language, adding depth and nuance to everyday speech. They tell us when, where, how, or to what extent something happens. For learners of Arabic, understanding how adverbs work can greatly enhance their ability to communicate effectively.

What Are Adverbs in Arabic?

Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They can describe the manner in which an action is performed, the frequency of an event, or the degree of an adjective. In Arabic, adverbs usually come after the verb or adjective they modify, though this can vary depending on the sentence structure.

For example:

هو يقرأ بسرعة ("He reads quickly"). In this sentence, "بسرعة" (quickly) is an adverb that modifies the verb "يقرأ" (reads), indicating how the action is performed.

Types of Arabic Adverbs

Arabic adverbs can be categorized into several types based on the function they serve in a sentence. Here are a few of the most common categories:

Adverbs of Manner (كيفية): These adverbs describe the manner in which an action occurs. They answer the question "How?"

Example: بسرعة (quickly), بطريقة جيدة (in a good way).

Adverbs of Time (زمانية): These adverbs specify when an action takes place. They answer the question "When?"

Example: اليوم (today), غداً (tomorrow), الآن (now).

Adverbs of Place (مكانية): These adverbs tell us where an action occurs. They answer the question "Where?"

Example: هنا (here), هناك (there), في الخارج (outside).

Adverbs of Frequency (تواترية): These adverbs describe how often an action occurs. They answer the question "How often?"

Example: دائماً (always), أحياناً (sometimes), نادراً (rarely).

Adverbs of Degree (درجة): These adverbs modify adjectives or other adverbs to indicate the intensity or degree of the action or description. They answer the question "To what extent?"

Example: جداً (very), قليلاً (a little), تماماً (completely).

Word Formation of Arabic Adverbs

Many Arabic adverbs are formed by adding specific suffixes or prefixes to adjectives or verbs. For example:

The adjective سريع (fast) becomes بسرعة (quickly) by adding the prefix "بـ" and the noun-forming suffix "-ة".

The adjective جيد (good) becomes بجودة (well, in a good way) when transformed into an adverb.

Placement of Adverbs in Arabic Sentences

The placement of adverbs in Arabic sentences follows a pattern, though it is somewhat flexible. In most cases, adverbs appear after the verb or adjective they modify, but they can sometimes appear at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis.

For example:

هو يدرس بجد (He studies diligently) – The adverb "بجد" (diligently) follows the verb "يدرس" (studies).

بجد هو يدرس (Diligently, he studies) – In this structure, the adverb "بجد" is placed at the beginning for emphasis.

Common Arabic Adverbs in Everyday Speech

Here are a few commonly used Arabic adverbs that are helpful for beginners and advanced learners alike:

دائماً (always)

أحياناً (sometimes)

اليوم (today)

غداً (tomorrow)

قليلاً (a little)

جداً (very)

أبداً (never)

حسناً (well)

كثيراً (a lot)

Adverbs in Negative Sentences

In negative sentences, Arabic adverbs follow specific rules for placement. For example, when negating a verb, the adverb usually remains in its regular position relative to the verb or adjective. However, negative sentences may require a specific adverb to reinforce the negation.

أنا لا أعمل بسرعة (I don't work quickly). Here, the adverb "بسرعة" (quickly) comes after the verb "أعمل" (work), and the negation "لا" (don’t) appears before the verb.

Conclusion

Arabic Adverbs are vital in expressing how, when, or to what extent something occurs. They add clarity and meaning to sentences, enhancing communication and making the language more precise. Whether you're learning Arabic as a second language or looking to refine your skills, paying attention to the role and usage of adverbs will significantly improve your ability to convey nuanced meanings.

By mastering the different types of adverbs and their placement in sentences, you can enhance your fluency in Arabic and better understand how native speakers construct their thoughts. So, whether you're talking about how fast someone runs, when an event happens, or how often something occurs, Arabic adverbs will always be there to add that important detail.

[deliasamed]

The Future Perfect Continuous tense

The Future Perfect Continuous tense:

  Affirmative: Subject + will have been + verb (with -ing)   I will have been studying for three hours.     Negative: Subject + will not have been + verb (with -ing)   She will not have been working on this project for two weeks.       Question: Will + subject + have been + verb (with -ing)?   Will they have been practicing for the competition?     In the Future Perfect Continuous tense, will have been is used as the auxiliary verb along with the present participle form (-ing) of the main verb.   When making a negative sentence, not is added after the auxiliary verb will.   For questions, will is placed at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the subject, then have been, and finally the verb with -ing.     Usage:   We use the Future Perfect Continuous tense to talk about an action that will be ongoing and in progress at a specified point in the future.   We use this tense to describe actions that will have started in the future and will be ongoing up until a specific time in the future.   For example: By 10 PM tonight, I will have been studying for five hours.   This sentence indicates that the action of studying will start in the future and will continue up until a specific point in the future, which is 10 PM tonight.     The Future Perfect Continuous tense is also used to make predictions about the future, to talk about the duration of an action that will be ongoing up until a specific point in the future, and to describe ongoing actions that will be in progress at a particular time in the future.   Overall, we use the Future Perfect Continuous tense to talk about ongoing actions that will be in progress up until a specific point in the future.     Usage Situation Example Sentences Ongoing action that will be in progress up until a specific point in the future By this time tomorrow, we will have been driving for 10 hours. Making predictions about the future They will have been living in that house for 10 years by next month. Describing a duration of an action that will be ongoing in the future She will have been working on this project for 3 months by next week. Describing an action that will be in progress at a particular time in the future They will have been running the marathon for 5 hours by noon. Hypothetical situations in the future If he arrives late, we will have been waiting for him for an hour.     The Future Perfect Continuous with the adverbs:     What adverbs we can use with Future Perfect Continuous?   There are several adverbs that can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous tense to give more information about the time, duration, or frequency of the ongoing action.   Some common adverbs that can be used with this tense include:     For: indicates the duration of the ongoing action Example: By the end of the month, she will have been studying for 6 months.   By: indicates the point in time when the ongoing action will end Example: By next week, we will have been living in this city for 5 years.    Since: indicates the point in time when the ongoing action started Example: They will have been waiting since noon.    All day/week/month/year: indicates the frequency of the ongoing action Example: They will have been working all day on this project.    Continuously/constantly: indicates the uninterrupted nature of the ongoing action Example: She will have been practicing continuously for the past 3 weeks.             Click here The Future Perfect Continuous tense Click here The Past Perfect Continuous tense Click here The Present Perfect Continuous tense Click here The Future Perfect in the Past Click here The Future Perfect tense Click here The Past Perfect tense Click here The Present Perfect tense     Read the full article

[peistudies]

単語 (たんご) Frequency Adverbs

not much 余り (あまり)

not at all 全然 (ぜんぜん)

usually 大抵 (たいてい)

sometimes 時々 (ときどき)

often; much よく (良く)

at about... ぐらい

Frequency Adverb Grammar

Frequency adverbs are added to a sentence to describe how often you do something.

I sometimes go to a coffee shop.

私はときどききっさてんに行きます。

Negative frequency adverbs anticipate a negative verb form at the end of the sentence. Therefore, you cannot use ぜんぜん or あまり with a positive verb form such as ます to communicate their meanings here. They would have to be used with ません!!

Ie. 私は全然テレビを見ません。

I do not watch TV at all.

[sakurabud]

Frequency Adverbs 回数の副詞

こんにちは皆さん！私はサクラです。For today's post, we will be talking about frequency adverbs. When talking to people or friends in Japan, sometimes they might ask you if you do a certain activity very often or not all the time. Without knowing how to answer properly, it can be a little troublesome. With that said, here are some useful words to explain how frequent you perform an activity.

1.よく（yoku)

よく means "often," and you would use this term to describe things you or someone else does more than "sometimes," but not as frequent as "usually." If you were to say, "I often come here," you would say 「よくここに行きます」(yoku koko ni ikimasu).

Examples

私はよく新聞を読みます。

Watashi wa yoku shinbun o yomimasu

.I often read the newspaper.

よく歌いますか？

Yoku utaimasuka?

Do you oftentimes sing?

2.たいてい (taitei)

たいてい would be "usually" in English. If you do an activity more than often, you would use たいてい. Using this term also means that the subject of the sentence does said verb on a regular basis.

Examples

彼はたいていコーヒーメーカーを使います。

Kare wa taitei ko-hi-me-ka o tsukaimasu.

He regularly uses the coffee machine.

私はたいてい教科書で勉強します。

Watashi wa taitei kyoukasho de benkyoushimasu.

I usually study with a textbook.

ジョンさんはたいてい四時に家に帰ります。

Jon san wa taitei yoji ni ie ni kaerimasu.

John usually returns home at four.

3.時々（tokidoki)

時々 means "sometimes." It is used when someone does something more than occasionally but not frequently.

Examples

私は時々心理について書きます。

Watashi wa tokidoki shinri nitsuite kakimasu.

I sometimes write about philosophy.

はい、時々アイスクリームを食べます。

Hai, tokidoki aisukuri-mu o tabemasu.

Yes, sometimes I eat ice cream.

アミさんは時々コーヒを飲みます。

Ami san wa tokidoki co-hi o nomimasu.

Amy sometimes drinks coffee.

4.あまり(amari)

あまり relates to よく, but it is the polar opposite of it. The closest translation for this term would be "not very often." Compared to the other adverbs mentioned, you must make sure that the verb is in negative form. This is because you are saying the subject of the sentence is not doing said verb often.

Examples

いいえ、あまり新聞を読みません。

Iie, amari shinbun o yomimasen.

No, I do not read the newspapers much.

私はあまり郵便局に行きません。

Watashi wa amari yuubinkyoku ni ikimasen.

Not very often would I go to the post office.

たろうさんはあまりロックを聞きません。

Tarou san wa amari rokku o kikimasen.

Taro does not listen to rock music very often.

5.全然 (zenzen)

全然 is Japanese for "never" or "not at all." This is the adverb you would use if you or someone does not perform said verb at all. Of course, like あまり, the verb must be in negative form.

Examples

私は全然タバコをすいません。

Watashi wa zenzen tabako o suimasen.

I never smoke tobacco/cigarette/etc.

その人は全然宿題をしません。

Sono hito wa zenzen shukudai o shimasen.

That person never does homework.

全然バレイを見ません。

Zenzen barei o mimasen.

I do not watch ballet at all.

6.いつも (itsumo)

いつも means "always" in Japanese. When someone says they always perform a certain verb, then they would use いつも. However, you must be very careful. If you were to say 「私はいつも読みます」(Watashi wa itsumo yomimasu) or "I am always reading," the listener might expect you to carry a book every single day.

Examples

彼はいつも大騒ぎします。

Kare wa itsumo oosawagishimasu.

He always makes an uproar.

彼女はいつも文句を言われています。

Kanojo wa itsumo mongu o iwareteimasu.

She always complaining (much to my annoyance).

夏の間に、ジョンさんはいつも水を飲みます。

Natsu no aida ni, Jon san wa itsumo mizu o nomimasu.

During the summer, John always drinks water.

7.毎日 (mainichi)

毎日 literally means "everyday." It is a bit different from いつも because if someone does something everyday, it could mean that they do it once a day rather than all the time.

Examples

毎日出かける前に歯を磨きます。

Mainichi, dekakeru mae ni ha wo migakimasu.

Everyday, I would brush my teeth before going out.

毎日彼は泣いてしまいました。

Mainichi kare wa naiteshimaimashita.

(To my regret) He cries everyday.

毎日洗濯をします。

Mainichi sentaku o shimasu.

I do the laundry every day.

These adverbs can let the listener know when you perform certain activities. Additionally, they can also give you an idea of how frequent the person in the sentence does something. If you can remember when to use a negative or a positive verb for the adverb, using these adverbs will be a simple task.That’s it for today’s lesson! これが終わります！ありがとうございました！

Source(s) I have used for Additional Information:

Difference Between “Usually” and “Often”-www.differencebetween.net

Japanese lessons 10-Frequency adverbs in Japanese-js-language.com

Illustration was made by yours-truly

[healwoo]

Vocabulary from Love Talk (WayV)

View the song lyrics with translations and notes here

Watch the official music video here

The tag for “WayV” + “NCT”

Other vocabulary lists

grammar

的 (de): (possessive particle) of, -’s

着 (zhe): (an aspect particle indicating that an action is in progress; implies that the action will continue to happen for a while)

被 (bèi): (used to express the passive voice, i.e. where the object of an action becomes the subject of the sentence)

无 (wú): to not have [something], to lack; (when attached to a word) “-less,” “un-”

就像 (jiùxiàng): just like

像 (xiàng): (used for comparing similarities) looks like, as if

颗 (kē): measure word for small spheres

是 (shì): to be (used to connect nouns in a sentence)

而 (ér): (indicates [1] contrast, i.e. “yet”, “but”; [2] a causal state, i.e. “and so...”; [3] a change of state)

是否 (shìfǒu): (conjunction) whether or not

会 (huì): (a helping verb that expresses an ability or skill that one has learned) can

但 (dàn): (conjunction) but, yet, however, still

向 (xiàng): (preposition) (literally translates as “to” or “towards”, but used in the same function as “from”)

却 (què): (adverb) however, but (indicates that something was contrary to one’s expectations; usually followed by a negative comment)

在 (zài): (expresses [1] existence in a place or location; [2] that an action is ongoing/currently in progress)

在 (zài) + [location] + 里 (lǐ): (used to show where an object is in relation to another object)

将 (jiāng): (denotes that an action will occur in the near future) about to; is going to, will

当 (dāng): (expresses time and date) when

就 (jiù): (usually follows a sentence that sets up a situation, and then indicates what should be done as a result of that situation) then, just

把 (bǎ): (marks the following noun as a direct object of an action)

和 (hé): and (used to link nouns together)

verbs

藏 (cáng): to conceal, hide away, harbor, store

等待 (děngdài): to wait [for something]

开启 (kāiqǐ): to open, start

跨越 (kuàyuè): to step across, step over; to span

无法 (wúfǎ): to be unable, incapable [of doing something]

想象 (xiǎngxiàng): to imagine, picture, fancy

迟疑 (chíyí): to hesitate

怕 (pà): to fear, dread, be afraid; to be unable to endure

伤害 (shānghài): to harm, injure, hurt

保护 (bǎohù): to protect, defend, safeguard

传递 (chuándì): to transmit, pass [something] onto someone else

出 (chū): to go out, come out, appear; to occur

呼唤 (hūhuàn): to shout, call out [a name, etc.]

渴望 (kěwàng): to long for, thirst for

向 (xiàng): to face, approach, advance towards; to admire, revere; to side with, favor

借 (jiè): to lend; to borrow; to take [an opportunity]

颤抖 (chàndǒu): to shudder, shiver, tremble, quake

充满 (chōngmǎn): to be full of, brimming with; to permeate, fill

故作 (gùzuò): to pretend, feign

说 (shuō): to speak, say; to explain; to tell off, scold

融化 (rónghuà): to melt, thaw, dissolve; to fuse, combine, blend into

释放 (shìfàng): to set free, release, liberate, discharge

喧哗 (xuānhuá): to riot, make a racket, cause a disturbance; to clamor, make noise, be loud

戍守 (shùshǒu): to guard, defend, garrison

倾塌 (qīngtā): to collapse, fall down

让 (ràng): to yield, permit; to have or let someone do something; to make someone [feel something]

消失 (xiāoshī): to disappear, fade away

张开 (zhāngkāi): to open up, spread, extend

翱翔 (áoxiáng): to soar; to hover (at height)

带 (dài): to take, bring

穿梭 (chuānsuō): to travel/shuttle back and forth

显得 (xiǎnde): to seem, look, appear

不如 (bùrú): to not be equal to/as good as [something]; to be unable to compare [to something]; to be inferior

相信 (xiāngxìn): to be convinced [that something is true], accept something [as true]; to believe

回应 (huíyìng): to respond, answer, greet

听见 (tīngjiàn): to hear

抛开 (pāokāi): to throw out, get rid of, discard

压抑 (yāyì): to constrain, inhibit, repress, stifle

怀疑 (huáiyí): to doubt, suspect; to speculate, surmise

投下 (tóuxià): to drop from a height; to jettison; to cast (e.g. a shadow)

想念 (xiǎngniàn): to miss; to remember with longing; to long to see again

写 (xiě): to write

写给 (xiěgěi): to write to somebody

爱 (ài): to love, be fond of

留下 (liúxià): to leave behind [a scar, an impression, a person, etc.], stay behind

变成 (biànchéng): to change into, turn into, become

想起 (xiǎngqǐ): to think of, call to mind, recall

注视 (zhùshì): to watch attentively, gaze at

读懂 (dúdǒng): to read and understand

细语 (xìyǔ): to speak softly, whisper; to chat with a low voice

包围 (bāowéi): to surround, encircle, hem in

纪录 (jìlù): to record, take note, write down, log

遗忘 (yíwàng): to forget; to be forgotten

用 (yòng): to use, employ

不懂 (bùdǒng): to be unable to understand; cannot [do something]

翻译 (fānyì): to translate, interpret

离去 (líqù): to leave, exit

凋零 (diāolíng): to wither, wilt; to decline, decay, fade

adjectives

安静 (ānjìng): quiet, peaceful, calm

沉默 (chénmò): taciturn, silent, uncommunicative

急 (jí): urgent, pressing, rapid, hurried

隐约 (yǐnyuē): faint, vague, indistinct

好奇 (hàoqí): curious, inquisitive

镇静 (zhènjìng): calm, cool

不同 (bùtóng): different, distinct; not the same, not alike

陌生 (mòshēng): strange, unfamiliar

不安 (bù'ān): unstable, uneasy, disturbed, restless, not peaceful

唯一 (wéiyī): only, sole

多余 (duōyú): unnecessary, superfluous, redundant, excessive, uncalled-for

诚实 (chéngshí): honest, truthful

忧郁 (yōuyù): sad, depressed, melancholic, dejected

美丽 (měilì): beautiful

温暖 (wēnnuǎn): warm

未知 (wèizhī): unknown

nouns

秘密 (mìmì): secret

魅力 (mèilì): charm, charisma; glamour; fascination

预警 (yùjǐng): warning (in advance)

两 (liǎng): two; both; some, a few

流星 (liúxīng): meteor, shooting star

奇迹 (qíjì): miracle, wonder, marvel

人们 (rénmen): people

距离 (jùlí): distance

心 (xīn): heart, mind; intention; center, core

身体 (shēntǐ): the body (can refer to the condition of one’s health)

讯息 (xùnxī): message, information, news

幽灵 (yōulíng): ghost, apparition, specter

月光 (yuèguāng): moonlight

勇气 (yǒngqì): courage, bravery, valor

唇 (chún): lip

边 (biān): side, edge, border, limit

阴影 (yīnyǐng): shadow; (figurative) a haunting or traumatic experience

世界 (shìjiè): world

彼此 (bǐcǐ): each other, one another, you and I

言语 (yányǔ): words, speech, (spoken) language

密码 (mìmǎ): (secret) code, password

夜晚 (yèwǎn): night

孤单 (gūdān): loneliness

梦 (mèng): dream

过去 (guòqù): the past

天际 (tiānjì): horizon

时空旅行 (shíkōng lǚxíng): time travel

心跳 (xīntiào): heartbeat, pulse

频率 (pínlǜ): frequency, rate

颜色 (yánsè): color; facial expression, countenance

名 (míng): name

表情 (biǎoqíng): expression [of one’s feelings, on one’s face]

小说 (xiǎoshuō): novel, fiction

影 (yǐng): picture, image; film, movie; reflection; shadow, trace

眼睛 (yǎnjing): eye

自己 (zìjǐ): oneself

信 (xìn): letter

耳 (ěr): ear

乐曲 (yuèqǔ): music, musical composition

笔记 (bǐjì): note(s)

地图 (dìtú): map

上 (shàng): upper part; above, on, up

领域 (lǐngyù): domain, territory, realm, field, area

感觉 (gǎnjué): feeling, sense, perception, emotion, intuition

神秘 (shénmì): [profound] mystery

时间 (shíjiān): time, period

回忆 (huíyì): memories, reminiscence, recollection

adverbs

总是 (zǒngshì): always

仿佛 (fǎngfú): as if, as though, similar to

仍 (réng): still, yet

太 (tài): too, too much, so

早已 (zǎoyǐ): long ago, for a long time

一点 (yīdiǎn): a bit, a little

此刻 (cǐkè): now, at present, at this moment

似乎 (sìhū): apparently

渐渐 (jiànjiàn): gradually, progressively; little by little, step by step

终于 (zhōngyú): at last, in the end; finally, eventually

永远 (yǒngyuǎn): forever, always, permanently

永 (yǒng): forever

永不 (yǒngbù): never, will never

一起 (yīqǐ): together, with; in the same place

phrases/expressions

不经意 (bù jīng yì): not paying attention, carelessly, by accident

��卖 (chūmài): to sell out or betray; literally “to offer for sale”

你我 (nǐwǒ): you and I, we; everyone, all of us

心里 (xīnli): in one’s mind/heart/conscience

眼底 (yǎndǐ): right in front of one’s eyes; in full view, like a panorama; literally “the fundus of the eye”

双臂 (shuāngbì): both arms, two arms

有人 (yǒurén): someone, anyone; literally “for someone to be present”

欲言又止 (yùyányòuzhǐ): to wish to speak, but deciding against it after having second thoughts; from 欲 (to wish for, desire) + 言 (to say, talk) + 又 (again, once more) + 止 (to stop, prevent)

无法解释 (wúfǎ jiěshì): indecipherable, unsolvable; cannot be expressed in words, defies explanation, unexplainable

也不会 (yěbù huì): neither will..., also won’t..., nor will...

[trangs-studyblr]

VOCAB: Adverbs of emphasis and frequency

조금, 아주, and 정말 can be used with any sentence, but 별로 and 전혀 can only be used with negative sentences.

조금 = a little, a bit, a little bit

조금 비싸요= It is a little expensive 물 조금만 주세요 = Give me only a little bit of water 소금 조금만 주세요 = Give me only a little bit of salt

*When pronounced quickly, 조금 often becomes 좀 (often pronounced 쫌) and is frequently written this way as well.

The use of 조금 to mean “quite” or “very” is possible based on the assumption that the other person in the conversation understands what you mean. For example, in the first example, 조금 비싸요, can mean both “it is a little expensive” or “it is quite expensive” depending on tone and context.

정말, 진짜 = really, truly

정말 and 진짜 have almost the same meaning and can generally be used interchangeably. 진짜 is considered a little less formal than 정말.

정말 빨라요 = It is really fast 진짜 이상해요 = It is really strange

Whereas other words introduced here are used to describe the extent to which something is done or the intensity of a certain state (eg: “very” good, “a little” expensive, “quite” fast), 정말 and 진짜 can also be used to just express whether or not what is being said is true (eg: I “really” did it).

A: 제가 방 청소했어요! = I cleaned up my room! B. 아... 진짜? = Oh, really? A: 예, 진짜! 보고 싶어요? = Yeah, really! Do you want to see it?

아주 = very, quite

아주 is the most standard way of saying “very” in the written form, but often, in spoken Korean, 아주 is replaced with 정말 or 진짜.

아주 맛있어요 = It is very delicious 아주 멀어요 = It is very far away

별로 = not really; not particularly

Sentences containing 별로 and 전혀 are always used in negative sentences, regardless of whether the verb that follows has a negative or a positive meaning. 별로 means “really” or “that” in these types of sentences.

Rather than just using 별로, sometimes 안 must be added to the sentence to actually make it negative. Using 별로 allows the listener to guess that the end of the sentence will be something in negative form.

별로 안 비싸요 = It is not so expensive 별로 재미없어요 = It is not that interesting 별로 안 나빠요 = It is not too bad (It is not the worst, but it is still bad) *Note: This does not have the same meaning as the English phrase “it is not bad.” *Even if the word 나쁘다 has a negative meaning, saying only “별로 나쁘다” does not work.

You can use 별로 as an adverb within the sentence, and then finish the sentence with a negative conjugation.

별로 배고프지 않아 = I’m not really hungry 밖에 별로 나가고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t really want to go outside 그 사람은 별로 잘생기지 않았다 = He’s not that handsome

이다 usually does not attach to adverbs, but 별로 is an exception, as it is very common for Koreans to use this construction to describe their indifference towards something. The most common way you would hear this is in response to a question.

A: 밥은 맛있어?= Is the food delicious? B: 별로야= Meh, not really

A: 이 바지는 마음에 들어? = Do you like these pants? B: 별료야 = Meh, not really

In a formal setting, it is more common to just attach ~요.

A: 홍콩에 가고 싶어요? = Do you want to go to Hong Kong? B: 별로요= Meh, not really

In the past tense, the past tense conjugation of 이다 is used for both formal and informal situations.

A: 점심을 먹었어요? 어땠어요? = Did you have lunch? How was it? B: 별로였어요= Meh, it wasn’t that good

A: 그 남자를 만났어? 잘생겼어? = Did you meet that man? Was he handsome? B: 아니. 별로였어 = Nah, not really.

It can also be used immediately after a noun, almost as if it were an adjective. This allows it to be used by a speaker even if there was not a soliciting question.

우리가 먹었던 피자가 별로였어 = The pizza we ate wasn’t that good

This sentence is essentially the same as:

우리가 먹었던 피자가 별로 맛있지 않았어 = The pizza we ate wasn’t that delicious

The only difference is that using 별로이다 in these cases is very colloquial and more common in speech.

전혀, 하나도 = not at all

전혀 has a similar meaning to 별로, but it is more extreme. 전혀 means “at all.”

전혀 안 바빠요 = I am not busy at all 전혀 안 더워요 = It is not hot at all 전혀 배고프지 않아 = I’m not hungry at all 밖에 전혀 나가고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to go outside at all 그 사람은 전혀 안 잘생기지 않았다 = He’s not handsome at all

Another way to express a similar meaning to 전혀 is to attach ~도 to 하나 to make 하나도 ("not even one"). Like 별로 and 전혀, this is commonly used in negative sentences.

저는 친구가 하나도 없어요 = I don’t even have one friend 사진을 하나도 안 찍었어요 = I didn’t even take one picture 그 할아버지는 주름이 하나도 없어요 = That grandfather doesn’t even have one wrinkle

However, even though the word 하나 is used, it can be used even in situations where nothing is countable. In this case, it is better translated to something like “not at all” like 전혀.

밥을 하나도 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat at all 학교가 하나도 재미없어요 = School isn’t fun at all 그 여자가 하나도 안 웃었어요 = That girl didn’t laugh at all

In spoken Korean, the expression 하나도 is used more commonly than 전혀.

너무

*Sometimes shortened to 넘, but only in spoken language.

너무 = too (much), excessively

The dictionary meaning of 너무 is “too much” or “excessively.”

소연 씨 너무 커요 = Soyeon, you are too tall 이거 너무 비싸요 = This is too expensive 말이 너무 빨라요 = (Someone) speaks too fast 한국어 너무 어려워요 = The Korean language is too difficult 여기 너무 시끄러워요 = It is too noisy here

너무 = very, quite

In colloquial Korean, 너무 also has the meaning of “very,” “quite,” or “really.”

이 피자 너무 맛있어요 = This pizza is really tasty 이거 너무 좋아요 = I really like this 석진 씨, 너무 잘했어요 = Seokjin, you did a really great job 저 모델 너무 멋있어요! = That model is really cool!

In the past, 너무 was used only in negative sentences or contexts, but it has gradually become acceptable to use in positive contexts as well. Now, most people use 너무 in both ways.

너무 더워요 = It is too/very hot 너무 졸려요 = I am too/very sleepy 너무 바빠요 = I am too/very busy

너무 is usually combined with adjectives but it can also be used with verbs as well.

너무 보고 싶어요 = I miss you/him/her/them so much

Adverbs of frequency (빈도 부사)

To form a sentence which uses adverbs of frequency (빈도 부사) in Korean - such as “seldom”, “almost”, or “always” - it is important to not just memorize the words, but to also actually practice using them along with the verbs used in conjunction with 빈도 부사.

가끔 = sometimes

자주 = often

항상 = always [more common in written language]

맨날 = (lit. every day), always; all the time [more common in spoken language]

별로 = seldom; rarely

전혀 = not at all

거의 = almost (but) not at all

These 빈도 부사 usually go right before the verb of a sentence, but their position is very flexible. As long as the meaning of the sentence is clear, it does not matter where they are placed. You can, however, emphasize a certain part of a sentence by changing the word order and intonation.

가끔 서점에 가요 = I sometimes go to the bookstore 서점에 가끔 가요 = I sometimes go to the bookstore (might be emphasizing 가끔)

자주 한국 영화 봐요 = I often watch Korean movies 한국 영화 자주 봐요 = I often watch Korean movies (might be emphasizing 자주)

그런 말 정말 자주 들어요 = I hear/get that really often 항상 물어보고 싶었어요 = I have always wanted to ask you (that) 중국어를 맨날 공부하는데, 아직 어려워요 = I study Chinese all the time, but it is still difficult 요즘에는 운동을 별로 안 해요 = I rarely/seldom work out these days / These days, I do not work out that often 화장을 전혀 안 해요 = I do not put on (any) makeup at all / I never put on makeup 시간이 없어서, 친구들을 거의 못 만나요 = I do not have time, so I can hardly meet my friends 라디오를 거의 맨날 들어요 = I listen to the radio almost every day

References

HTSK Unit 2 Lesson 34: Explanations for Difficult Words

TTMIK Level 2 Lesson 16. Very, A bit, Really, Not really, Not at all / 아주, 조금, 진짜, 별로, 전혀

TTMIK Level 3 Lesson 1. Too much, Very / 너무

TTMIK Level 4 Lesson 14. Sometimes, Often, Always, Never, Seldom / 가끔, 자주, 별로, 맨날, 항상

[ourclass99]

Test 1

Grammar Revision

Theme 1

1. Articles (a, an, the):

https://www.englishgrammar.org/articles-exercise-3

2. Present simple - Verb “Be”

Affirmative sentences

http://www.web-esl.com/tobe/tobe.htm

Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_negative_2.htm

Yes/No Questions

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_questions_01.htm

3. Present simple

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_2.htm

Affirmative Sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_affirmative_3.htm

Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_dodoesnot_2.htm

Yes/No Questions

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_questions_02.htm

4. Past simple - Verb “Be”

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/was_were_fitb_1.htm

5. Past simple

Affirmative & Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/pastsimple_1.htm

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/past_irregular_01.htm

Yes/No?

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/pastsimple_interrogative_1.htm

6. Gerunds = Verbal Nouns

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/gerund-infinitive/gi023-gerunds.htm

7. Imperative sentences ~ Positive & Negative

https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-exercises/imperative2.htm

https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-exercises/imperative-exercise.htm

8. Verbs: love/ like/ enjoy/ hate/ dislike

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=13220

9. Verbs: want/ hope

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-60531.php

Theme 2

1. Prepositions of time (in, on, at)

http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-exercises-prepositions-time-test.html#.XZOdkBZRWaM

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2573

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/prepositions/time-2

2. Adverbs of Frequency (always, usually, often, etc.)

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency.htm

3. Conjunctions: “and, but, because, so”

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-29314.php

4. Modal Verbs

Must

https://first-english.org/english_learning/english_beginners/must_needn_t/01_english_must_exercises.htm

Can

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/modals/can4.htm

Should

https://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/Should1B.html

[mallikaaou]

Revision Quizzes

Themes 1 & 2

1. Articles:

https://www.englishgrammar.org/articles-exercise-3

2. Present simple - Verb “Be”

Affirmative sentences

http://www.web-esl.com/tobe/tobe.htm

Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_negative_2.htm

Yes/No Questions

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_questions_01.htm

3. Present simple

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_2.htm

Affirmative Sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_affirmative_3.htm

Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_dodoesnot_2.htm

Yes/No Questions

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_questions_02.htm

4. Past simple - Verb “Be”

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/was_were_fitb_1.htm

5. Past simple

Affirmative & Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/pastsimple_1.htm

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/past_irregular_01.htm

Yes/No?

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/pastsimple_interrogative_1.htm

6. Prepositions of time:

http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-exercises-prepositions-time-test.html#.XZOdkBZRWaM

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2573

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/prepositions/time-2

7. Adverbs of Frequency

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency.htm

8. Conjunctions: “and, but, because, so”

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-29314.php

9. Modal Verbs

Can

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/modals/can4.htm

Should

http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/Should1B.html

[ourclass]

Revision Quizzes

Themes 1 & 2

1. Articles:

https://www.englishgrammar.org/articles-exercise-3

2. Present simple - Verb “Be”

Affirmative sentences

http://www.web-esl.com/tobe/tobe.htm

Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_negative_2.htm

Yes/No Questions

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_questions_01.htm

3. Present simple

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_2.htm

Affirmative Sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_affirmative_3.htm

Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimpletense_dodoesnot_2.htm

Yes/No Questions

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/presentsimple_questions_02.htm

4. Past simple - Verb “Be”

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/was_were_fitb_1.htm

5. Past simple

Affirmative & Negative sentences

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/pastsimple_1.htm

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/past_irregular_01.htm

Yes/No?

http://www.english-room.com/grammar/pastsimple_interrogative_1.htm

6. Prepositions of time:

http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-exercises-prepositions-time-test.html#.XZOdkBZRWaM

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2573

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/prepositions/time-2

7. Adverbs of Frequency

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adverbs_of_frequency.htm

8. Conjunctions: “and, but, because, so”

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-29314.php

9. Modal Verbs

Must

https://first-english.org/english_learning/english_beginners/must_needn_t/01_english_must_exercises.htm

Can

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/modals/can4.htm

Should

http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/Should1B.html

[peu-usage]

adverb : mid-position

Adverb that usually go in mid-position: adverbs of indefinite frequency, certainty and completeness. And adverbs that can go in mid-position: focusing adverbs, some adverbs of manner, and comment adverbs.

Mid-position adverbs usually go before one-part verbs, after auxiliary verbs, after am/are/is/was/were.

before one-part verbs

I always play tennis on Saturdays. (NOT I play always tennis …)

It certainly looks like rain.

We nearly won the match.

after auxiliary verbs

She has never written to me. (NOT USUALLY She never has written to me.)

He was definitely trying to get into the house.

The train will probably be late.

You can almost see the sea from here.

after am/are/is/was/were

She was always kind to me. (NOT USUALLY She always was kind to me.)

It is probably too late now.

I am obviously not welcome here.

When there are two or more auxiliaries, the adverb usually goes after the first.

You have definitely been working too hard.

She would never have been promoted if she hadn’t changed jobs.

When an auxiliary verb is used alone instead of a complete verb phrase, a mid-position adverb comes before it.

Are you working? ~ I certainly am.

I don’t trust politicians. I never have, and I never will.

indefinite frequency (how often)

Examples: always, ever, usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never.

We usually go to Scotland in August.

It sometimes gets very windy here.

I have never seen a whale.

You can always come and stay with us if you want to.

Have you ever played American football?

My boss is often bad-tempered.

I’m seldom late for work.

We have never been invited to one of their parties.

She must sometimes have wanted to run away.

Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes and occasionally can also go in front or end position.

Sometimes I think I’d like to live somewhere else.

I see her occasionally.

adverbs of certainty

Examples: probably, certainly, definitely, clearly, obviously.

He probably thinks you don’t like him.

It will certainly rain this evening.

There is clearly something wrong.

I definitely feel better today.

The train has obviously been delayed.

Maybe and perhaps usually come at the beginning of a clause.

Maybe I’m right and maybe I’m wrong.

Perhaps her train is late.

adverbs of completeness

Examples: completely, practically, almost, nearly, quite, rather, partly, sort of, kind of, more or less, hardly, scarcely.

I have completely forgotten your name.

The house is partly ready.

Sally can practically read.

I kind of hope she wins.

It was almost dark.

It hardly matters.

Adverbs of completeness usually follow all auxiliary verbs.

I will have completely finished by next June. (NOT I will completely have finished …)

Do you think the repair has been properly done?

comment adverbs

Adverbs which give the speaker’s opinion of an action sometimes go in mid-position.

I stupidly forgot my keys.

She has fortunately decided to help us.

focusing adverbs

These adverbs ‘point to’ one part of a clause. Examples: just, even, only, mainly, mostly, either, neither and nor.

Your bicycle just needs some oil – that’s all.

She neither said ‘Thank you’ nor looked at me.

He’s been everywhere – he’s even been to Antarctica.

We’re only going for two days.

She’s my teacher, but she’s also my friend.

The people at the meeting were mainly scientists.

Some of these adverbs can also go in other places in a clause, directly before the words they modify.

Only you could do a thing like that.

I feel really tired.

adverbs of manner

These adverbs say how something happens or is done.

Examples: angrily, happily, slowly, suddenly, noisily, quietly, softly.

Adverbs of manner most often go in end position. but adverbs ending in ‑ly can often go in mid-position if the adverb is not the main focus of the message.

She angrily tore up the letter.

I slowly began to feel better again.

We have suddenly decided to sell the house.

This time next week I’ll be happily working in my garden.

Mid-position (after all auxiliary verbs) is especially common with passive verbs.

The driver has been seriously injured.

mid-position details

adverbs with negative verbs

In negative sentences, adverbs generally come before not if they emphasize the negative; otherwise they come after.

I certainly do not agree.

I do not often have headaches.

Both positions are possible with some adverbs, often with a difference of meaning. Compare:

I don’t really like her. (mild dislike)

I really don’t like her. (strong dislike)

When adverbs come before not, they may also come before the first auxiliary verb; they always come before do.

I probably will not be there. (OR I will probably not be there.)

He probably does not know. (NOT He does probably not know.)

Only one position is possible before a contracted negative.

I probably won’t be there.

adverbs with emphatic verbs

When we emphasize auxiliary verbs or am/are/is/was/were, we put most mid-position adverbs before them instead of after. Compare:

She has certainly made him angry.

She certainly HAS made him angry!

Polite people always say thank-you.

Yes, well, I always DO say thank-you.

I’m really sorry.

I really AM sorry.

modal auxiliary verbs

When the first part of the verb phrase is a modal auxiliary, used to or have to, mid-position adverbs can come before or after the auxiliary.

They sometimes must be bored. (OR They must sometimes be bored.)

She could have easily been killed. (OR She could easily have been killed.)

We always used to go to the seaside in May. (OR We used always to go …) (OR We used to always go …)

American English

In American English, mid-position adverbs are often put before auxiliary verbs and am/are/is/was/were, even when the verb is not emphasized. Compare:

He has probably arrived by now. (British English normal)

He probably has arrived by now. (American English normal, British English emphatic).

[paketcpurwawacana]

Study the following Focus on Grammar

The present tense is the base form of the verb: I work in London. But the third person (she/he/it) adds an -s: She works in London.

Use

We use the present tense to talk about:

•  Something that is true in the present (kondisi saat ini)

I’m nineteen years old.

I live in village.

I’m a student.

•   Something that happens again and again in the present: (sesuatu yang terjadi berulang ulang)

I play football every weekend.

We use words like sometimes, often. always, and never (adverbs of frequency) with the present tense:

I sometimes go to the cinema. She never plays football. 

•   Something that is always true: (kebiasan)

The adult human body contains 206 bones.

Light travels at almost 300,000 kilometres per second.

•    Something that is fixed in the future.

The school term starts next week. The train leaves at 1945 this evening. We fly to Paris next week.

Questions and negatives

Look at these questions:

Do you play the piano?

Where do you live?

Does Jack play football? Where does he come from?

Do Rita and Angela live in Manchester? Where do they work?

• With the present tense, we use do and does to make questions. We use does for the third person (she/he/it) and we use do for the others.

We use do and does with question words like where, what and why: But look at these questions with who:

Who lives in London?

Who plays football at the weekend? Who works at Liverpool City Hospital?

Look at these sentences:

I like tennis, but I don’t like football. (don’t = do not) I don’t live in London now.

I don’t play the piano, but I play the guitar. They don’t work at the weekend.

John doesn’t live in Manchester. (doesn’t = does not) Angela doesn’t drive to work. She goes by bus.

With the present tense we use do and does to make negatives. We use does not (doesn’t) for the third person (she/he/it) and we use do not (don’t) for the others. (Taken from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar)

Sumber: Buku Paket Modul Paket C Bahasa Inggris Setara SMA/MA

[deliasamed]

The Future Continuous tense

  The Future Continuous tense

  Affirmative Form: The affirmative form of the future continuous tense is formed using the auxiliary verb will followed by be and the present participle (ing form) of the main verb.   Subject + will be + present participle   Example: I will be studying at the library.   They will be playing basketball tomorrow afternoon.   She will be cooking dinner when we arrive.       Negative Form: The negative form of the Future Continuous tense is formed using the negative form of the auxiliary verb will (will not) followed by be and the present participle (ing form) of the main verb.   Subject + will not be + present participle   Example: I will not be attending the conference next week.   They will not be working on the project all night.   She will not be sleeping when we arrive.       Question Form: The question form of the Future Continuous tense is formed by inverting the subject and the auxiliary verb will and adding be and the present participle (ing form) of the main verb.   Will + subject + be + present participle?   Example: Will you be driving to the party tonight?   Will they be attending the concert next Saturday?   Will she be working late at the office tomorrow?     In all forms of the Future Continuous tense, the main verb takes the present participle (ing) form.     It's important to note that will is the only auxiliary verb used to form this tense. Form Affirmative Negative Question Subject + will be + I will be studying at the library. I will not be studying at the library. Will you be studying at the library? present participle She will be sleeping when we arrive. She will not be sleeping when we arrive. Will she be sleeping when we arrive? They will be working on the project all night. They will not be working on the project all night. Will they be working on the project all night?    

Usage:

  The Future Continuous Tense is used to describe actions or events that will be in progress at particular time in the future.     Some situations where you might use the Future Continuous tense:   Actions in progress at a specific time:   Use the Future Continuous tense to describe actions or events that will be in progress at a specific time in the future.   Example: I will be sleeping at 11 pm tonight.   They will be driving to the airport tomorrow morning.       Future plans and arrangements:   Use the Future Continuous tense to talk about future plans and arrangements, particularly when the plan involves a continuous action or event.   Example: We will be hiking in the mountains next weekend.   She will be studying abroad for a semester.       Predictions and assumptions about the future:   Use the Future Continuous tense to make predictions or assumptions about what will be happening at a certain time in the future.   Example: I imagine that he will be working on his project all weekend.   She will probably be listening to music on her way to work tomorrow.       Some adverbs that can be used with the Future Continuous tense:     Time adverbs:   Use time adverbs to specify when an action or event will be happening.   Example: I will be studying at the library all afternoon.   They will be working on the project until midnight tonight.     Frequency adverbs:   Use frequency adverbs to describe how often an action or event will be happening.   Example: He will be calling his family every week while he is abroad.   They will be practicing the piano daily in preparation for the concert.     Manner adverbs:   Use manner adverbs to describe how an action or event will be happening.   Example: She will be driving carefully on the icy roads.   They will be walking briskly to keep warm in the cold weather.         Common situations where the Future Continuous tense is used: Situation Example Sentence Action in progress at a specific time I will be cooking dinner at 7 pm. Future plans and arrangements They will be traveling to Japan next month. Predictions and assumptions about the future I think he will be watching the game at home tonight.   Adverb Meaning Example Sentence All day Throughout the day I will be working on this project all day tomorrow. Constantly Without stopping She will be checking her email constantly during the conference. Carefully With attention and caution He will be driving carefully in the heavy rain. Usually Normally or regularly They will be playing tennis every weekend. Briefly For a short period of time I will be stopping by the store briefly on my way home.         The Future Continuous and the Future Simple for future actions:   It is possible to use the Future Continuous tense in combination with the Future Simple (also known as the Future Indefinite) to express actions or events that will happen at a specific time in the future and will be ongoing.   In such cases, adverbs of duration, such as : all day long, all day tomorrow, the whole day, from 6 till 8, can be used to indicate the length of time that the action or event will be in progress.   Examples: I will be cooking all day tomorrow.   They will be traveling the whole day on Monday.   She will be working from 6 till 8 tonight.   We will be hiking all day long next Saturday.     In these examples, the Future Continuous tense (will be cooking, will be traveling, will be working, will be hiking) indicates that the actions will be ongoing,   while the Future Simple tense (I will, They will, She will, We will) indicates the specific time when the actions will start.   Adverbs of duration: all day tomorrow, the whole day, from 6 till 8, all day long provide additional information about the length of time that the actions will be in progress.       The Future Continuous and Future Simple tenses can both be used to describe actions that will happen simultaneously in the future.   When using the Future Continuous, the focus is on actions that will be in progress at a particular point in time in the future.   Example: At 7 pm tomorrow, I will be cooking dinner while my husband will be watching TV.   In this sentence, the Future Continuous tense will be cooking describes an action that will be in progress at 7 pm tomorrow, while the future simple tense will be watching describes another action that will also be happening at the same time.     When using the Future Simple, the focus is on actions that will happen at the same time in the future.   Example: We will both arrive at the airport at 9 am tomorrow.   In this sentence, the Future Simple tense will arrive is used to describe two separate actions (the arrival of two people) that will happen at the same time in the future.       In either case, adverbs or phrases of simultaneity can be used to indicate that the actions are happening at the same time.   Example: We will both be driving to work at the same time tomorrow morning. They will be having dinner while we will be watching a movie.     In these sentences, the phrases at the same time and while indicate that the actions are happening simultaneously in the future.       The Future Continuous tense is generally not used to describe actions or events that will happen for a short period of time.   The Future Simple (also known as the future indefinite) is more commonly used for such situations.   The Future Continuous tense is used to describe actions or events that will be ongoing or in progress at a particular time in the future.   It suggests that the action or event will last for some time and will not be completed quickly.       On the other hand, the Future Simple tense is used to describe actions or events that will happen in the future, but do not necessarily suggest that the action or event will last for a long time.   Example: I will meet my friend at the coffee shop at 10 am tomorrow.   In this sentence, the Future Simple tense will meet is used to describe a single event that will happen at 10 am tomorrow, without any suggestion that the action will last for a long period of time.       However, it is possible to use the Future Continuous tense for shorter periods of time in certain contexts.   Example: I will be driving to the store for a few minutes this afternoon.   In this sentence, the Future Continuous tense will be driving is used to describe an action that will last for a short period of time, but is still ongoing and not a single event.   However, this usage is not as common as using the Future simple tense for short-term actions.   Click here The Future Continuous tense Click here The Past Continuous tense Click here The Present Continuous tense Click here The Future Indefinite in the Past Click here The Future Indefinite tense ( the Future Simple) Click here The Past Indefinite Tense ( The Past Simple) Click here The Indicative Mood – the Active Voice     Read the full article

[anoopseba]

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[nihononthego]

Grammar: てしまう

This post is a revised lesson on てしまう and builds on a previous question about ちゃう and ちゃった.

Meaning

finished doing something

have done

completion of an action

Other meanings

regrettably

unfortunately

Related to

～終わる

The verb しまう means “to put something away,” but when you attach it to the te form of a verb, it means “an ‘unrecoverable event’ as a result of being put away” (Johnson, 2008, p. 163). ～てしまう can have two meanings, depending on the context:

It indicates the completion of an event/action or an event that is carried out with determination. It means you did “something completely, or finish[ed] doing something, or have something done” (Banno et. al., 1999, p. 117). It has a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment that you’ve done something to completion. What I find, though, with this type of sentence is that there are native speakers that tend to focus more on the second meaning of てしまう. From my personal experience, I have had many sentences using this structure corrected with the explanation that the てしまう refers to a regrettable event or negative meaning.

しまう can also have a negative meaning. It carries the nuance that a regrettable, unchangeable event has happened because of either something we did (either intentionally or by accident) or some other circumstance. It invokes a sense of regret associated with the action. Also note that the use of てしまう can signal the future completion of an action; therefore, てしまう does not always have to be a past event, as in some of the examples you will see below.

Structure

Te form of Verb + しまう

Examples

残念ながら、怠け者になってしまうと思います。 

ざんねんながら、なまけものになってしまうとおもいました。 Unfortunately, I think I’m becoming a lazy person (and I feel pretty bad about that).

私は忙しすぎて、宿題のレポートのことを忘れてしまいました。

わたしはいそがしすぎて、しゅくだいのレポートのことをわすれてしまいました。 I forgot about the report because I was so busy.

一晩で全部のシリーズを見てしまって疲れた。

ひとばんでぜんぶのシリーズをみてしまってつかれた。 I watched the whole series in one night, and now, I’m tired. (Probably shouldn’t have done that).*

一昨年行った果樹園に行ったが、花びらが散ってしまっていた。

おととしいったかじゅえんにいったが、はなびらがちってしまっていた。 We went to the orchard we had gone to last year, but all the petals had fallen (regrettably).

眼の保護なしに日食を直接に見ると、目を痛めてしまうので、心配そうな人もいるかもしれない。

めのほごなしににっしょくをちょくせつにみると、めをいためてしまうので、しんぱそうなひともかもしれない。 People are worried because if you look directly at the eclipse without any eye protection, you can damage your eyes.

To give a sense of completion, てしまう is often used with adverbs like すっかり (completely)、全部 (all)、完全に (completely) (Makino & Tsutsui, 2011, p. 404). 

娘は私のミルクシェークを全部飲んじゃった。

むすめはわたしのミルクシェークをぜんぶのんじゃった。 My daughter drank all of my milkshake.   

そんなことを言えば、人から完全に誤解されてしまうだろう。

そんなことをいえば、ひとからかんぜんにごかいされてしまうだろう。 If you say that kind of thing, people will totally misunderstand.

Completion

本を読んでしまいした。

ほんをよんでしまいました。 I read the book in its entirety. (Banno et al., 1999, p. 117).

As mentioned previously, while てしまう also carries the meaning of completion, there seems to be more preference toward the negative meaning, even though textbooks teach both nuances. The more natural alternative that I have been given is Verb Stem + 終わる・終える (To be finished doing s.t./To finish doing s.t. respectively.).

This sentence below:

ついにレポートを書いてしまった。

ついにレポートをかいてしまった。 I finished my paper.

Becomes:

ついにレポートを書き終えた。

I finished writing my paper.

Casual

てしまう also has contracted forms that are common in speech, manga, and anime. Please take note of the conjugations. I used to mix up the conjugations when I was first learning them.

Present/Future

～てしまう → ～ちゃう

～でしまう → ～じゃう

Past

���てしまった → ～ちゃった

～でしまった → ～じゃった

ます Form

～ちゃう → ～ちゃいます

～じゃう → ～じゃいます

Past

～ちゃう → ～ちゃいました

～じゃう → ～じゃいました

Masculine Form

～てしまう → ～ちまう

～でしまう → ～じまう

Examples  

今出たら、バスに乗り遅れちゃうんじゃない? 

いまでたら、バスにのりおくれちゃうんじゃない？ If you leave now, won’t you miss the bus?

トムはアリスがジムのために作ってあげたチョコレートを食べちゃった。

トムはアリスがジムのためにつくってあげたチョコレートをたべちゃった。 Tom ate the chocolates Alice made for Jim.

With the Indirect Passive

てしまう is also used often with the “indirect passive,” which typically expresses an inconvenience that someone experiences because of someone else. てしまう is used to strengthen the meaning (Johnson, 2008, p. 270).

ミミは弟にデジカメを壊されてしまった。

ミミはおとうとにデジカメをこわされてしまった。 Mimi was inconvenienced because her camera was broken by her brother.

そんなことを言えば、人から誤解されてしまうだろう。 

そんなことをいえば、ひとからごかいされちゃうんだろう。 If you say that kind of thing, people will misunderstand.

Negative Form

In Genki 2, the authors mention that because しまう is attached to the て form it can only be used in the affirmative sense, so you cannot have a negative tense, such as  “regrettably, X did not take place” (Banno et. al, 1999, p. 117). So technically,しまいません or しまいませんでした should not be appropriate. I have found, though, that this is not completely the case. 

It is possible, however, to have てしまわない or ちゃわない or even ないでしまう. I have seen both forms used in blogs, songs, and other writings, and I see that that is the versatility of language. 

There is the emphasis on てしまう as the completion of an action; whereas, ちゃわない (てしまわない) highlights an action that should have been completed but wasn’t (「否定の形」, n.d.). Also, with ちゃわない, there is typically a sentence that follows it, such as ちゃわないと or ちゃわないように (H-jaime, 2012; moettm, 2016; oji_pl, 2016).  

As far as ないでしまうgoes, there are also some who say that even though ないでしまう does not express a regrettable event that has already happened, it is still used, though the frequency of use is not high (谷やん, 2016). 

Although negative しまう may not be exactly wrong, it may be grammatically awkward in some cases. In the case of negative しまう, it would probably be more natural to use the negative form of the verb rather than using しまわない (ちゃわない) or attaching しまう to a negative verb (oji_pl, 2016). I do think, though, that it comes down to a matter of personal preference.

If you have any questions, comments, concerns, or corrections, please feel free to message me. Your feedback contributes to the quality of these posts. Thank you!

読んでくれてありがとう。

Sources

「否定の形」. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/24asupekuto.html#24.7

谷やん. (2016, June 27). 「～ないでしまった」(何でも相談 その３). Retrieved from http://blog.livedoor.jp/o-2897110/archives/52037019.html

Banno, E., Ohno, Y., Sakane, Y., Shinagawa, C., and Takashiki, K. (1999). Genki II: An integrated course in elementary Japanese. Tokyo, Japan: The Japan Times.

H-jaime. (2012, February 29). やっちゃわないってなんですか. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://lang-8.com/148643/journals/1340609

Johnson, Y. (2008). Fundamentals of Japanese grammar: Comprehensive acquisition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.

moettm. (2016, December 15). Please show me example sentences with ちゃわない、ちゃわなかった. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from https://hinative.com/ja/questions/1421401

oji_pl. (2016, October 10). 日本語学習者のアメリカ青年から質問されたのです…. [ Web log comment]. Retrieved from https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11165237651