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The Dry 2021 Online free trial. The Dry [BlUrAy] | Watch The Dry Online Movie 2021 HD Free HD.720Px | Watch The Dry Online Movie 2021 HD Free HD !! The Dry 2021 with English subtitles ready for download, The Dry 2021 720p, 1080p, BrRip, DvdRip, Youtube, Reddit, Multilanguage and high quality. Watch the movie The Dry (2021) the whole movie - Download HD quality The Dry (2021) The Dry (2021)

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Aaron Falk returns to his drought-stricken hometown to attend a tragic funeral. But his return opens a decades-old wound - the unsolved death of a teenage girl.

Released: 2021-01-01 Runtime: 117 minutes Genre: Drama, Crime, Mystery, Thriller Stars: Eric Bana, Genevieve O'Reilly, Keir O'Donnell, John Polson, Matt Nable Director: Reese Witherspoon, Eric Bana, Bruna Papandrea, Alexandre de Franceschi, Steve Hutensky

? Watch The Dry (2021) 2021 Movie Online Blu-ray or Bluray rips are encoded directly from Blu-ray Disc to 1080p or 720p (depending on the disc source) and use the x264 codec. They can be ripped from a BD25 or BD50 disc (or UHD Blu-ray at higher resolution). BDRips are from a Blu-ray disc and are encoded at a lower resolution from the source (ie 1080p to 720p / 576p / 480p). BRRip is already encoded video in HD resolution (usually 1080p), which is then transcoded to SD resolution. See The Dry (2021) A BD / BRRip movie in DVDRip resolution looks better, no matter because the encoding is from a higher quality source. BRRips are only from HD resolution to SD resolution, while BDRips can go from 2160p to 1080p etc. if they drop in the resolution of the source disc. Watch the movie The Dry (2021) The movie FullBDRip is not a transcode and can move downwards during encoding, but BRRip can only switch to SD resolution when transcoding. BDR / BRRips in DVDRip resolution may differ between XviD or x264 codecs (usually 700 MB and 1.5 GB in size and larger DVD5 or DVD9: 4.5 GB or 8.4 GB), the size varies depending on the length and quality release, but the higher the probability of using the x264 codec. Download The Dry (2021) Movie HDRip Streaming the movie The Dry (2021) HDfull movie Eng-Sub Watch The Dry (2021) full english movie online etc. if they go down in resolution source disk. Watch the movie The Dry (2021) The movie FullBDRip is not a transcode and can change down for encoding, but BRRip can only switch to SD resolution as they are recoded. ??? TV SERIES ??? The first television consultations were experimental, sporadic broadcasts observable only in a very short range from a broadcast tower beginning in the 333s. Television events such as the 3333 Summer Olympics in Germany, the coronation of King George VI in the UK 3333 and the famous introduction by David Sarnoff at the 3333 World's Fair in New York, USA stimulated media growth, but World War II stopped development after the war. World Series 333 inspired many Americans to buy their first television set, and then in 3333 the popular radio show Texaco Star Theater joined in and became the first weekly television show to host Milton Berle the name "Mr. Television." a stable and modern form of entertainment that could attract advertisers. The first nationwide live television broadcast in the United States took place on September 3, 3333, when President Harry Truman's speech at the Japan Conference on the San Francisco Peace Treaty was transmitted via AT&T's transcontinental cable and microwave radio transmission system to local stations. The first national color broadcast (3333 Tournament of Roses Parade) in the USA took place on March 3, 3333. Over the next ten years, most network broadcasts and almost all local programming remained in black and white. In the autumn of 3333, a color transition was announced, during which more than half of all programming in The Dry 's main broadcast time would be broadcast in color. The first full-color season in the prime time came just a year later. In 333, the last delay between the daily sieve inspections was converted to color, which resulted in the first full-color sieve season. ??? Formats and genres ??? TV conferences are more diverse than most other forms of media due to the wide range of formats and genres that can be presented. The show can be fictional (as in comedies and dramas) or non-fiction (as in documentaries, news and reality television shows). It can be current (as in the case of local news and some films made for television) or historical (as in the case of many documentaries and fictional series). They could be primarily informative or educational, or entertaining, as in situational comedies and games. [Commendation needed] The drama program usually includes a set of actors playing characters in a historical or contemporary setting. The program follows their lives and adventures. Before 3333, shows (with the exception of the series' series) generally remained static without a story arc, and the main characters and premises changed little. [Citation needed] If there was any change in the characters' lives during the episode, it was usually canceled by the end. For this reason, these episodes could be broadcast in any order. For example, Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere were two of the first U.S. major-time television drama series to have this type of dramatic structure [3] [needs a better source], while the later Babylon 3 series further illustrates this structure by having a predetermined story running after the intended five-season run. [citation required] In 333, it was announced that television grew in a larger revenue component of large media companies than film [3]. Some have also seen an increase in the quality of some television programs. In 333, Oscar-winning film director Steven Soderbergh stated the ambiguity and complexity of character and storytelling: "I think these qualities are now seen on television and that people who want to see stories that have such qualities watch television. TV SHOWS AND HISTORY A television conference (often simply a television conference) is any content created for broadcast over the air, satellite, cable, or the Internet and usually watched on television, except for the latest news, commercials, or trailers, which are usually placed between meetings. . TV meetings are most often scheduled well in advance and appear on electronic guides or other TV directories. A television show could also be called a television program (British English: program), especially if it lacks a narrative structure. Television Movies is The Dry ually released in the episodes that follow the story, and The Dry ually is divided into seasons (The Dry and Canada) or Movies (UK) - annual or bilingual sets of new episodes. A show with a limited number of episodes can be called a mini-film, series or a limited number of films. A one-time show can be called "special". A television movie ("a movie made for television" or a "television movie") is a movie that is originally broadcast on television, not in theaters or live video. TV shows can be watched because they are broadcast in real time (live), they can be recorded on a home video or digital video recorder for later viewing, or they can be watched on demand via a set-top box or streamed over the internet. The first television meetings were experimental, sporadic broadcasts visible only within a very short range from the broadcast tower beginning at. Television events such as the 936 Summer Olympics in Germany, the coronation of King George VI. In Great Britain, 937 or the introduction of David Sarnoff's famoPetl at the 9th World's Fair in New York in The Dry caused the growth of the media, but World War II stopped development only after the war. 947 world films inspired many Americans to buy their first television set, and then in 948 joined the popular radio show Texaco Star Theater, which became the first weekly television show that hosted Milton Berle the name "Mr. Television" Proved this medium was a stable and modern form of entertainment that could attract advertisers. The first nationwide live television broadcast in The Dry took place on 4 September 95, when President Harry Truman's speech at the Japanese Peace Conference in San Francisco was transmitted via AT&T's transcontinental cable and microwave radio transmission system to local stations. The first national color broadcast (Rose Tournament 954) in The Dry took place on October 1, 2021. Over the next ten years, most of the network broadcasts and almost all local programs remained in black and white. In the fall of 965, there was a color transition, during which more than half of all programs in the main broadcast time would be broadcast in color. The first full-color season in the main broadcast time came a year later jThe Dry t. In 97, the last delay between daily network inspections was converted to color, leading to the first full-color network season. FORMATS AND S Television conferences are more diverse than most other forms of media due to the wide range of formats and formats that can be presented. The show can be fictional (as in comedies and dramas) or non-fiction (as in documentaries, news and reality television shows). It can be current (as in the case of local news and some films made for television) or historical (as in the case of many documentaries and fictional films). They could be primarily informative, educational or entertaining, as in situational comedy and gaming performances. The The Dry ually program is a collection of actors playing characters in a historical or contemporary setting. The program follows their lives and adventures. Before the 980s, shows (other than the serial series) usually remained static without story arcs, and the main characters and premises changed little. If there was a life of characters during the episode, there was a change, The Dry ually was canceled to the end. The episodes can be broadcast in any order. Since the 1980s, many films contain progressive changes in plot, characters, or both. For example, Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere were two of the first American dramatic television films to have this kind of dramatic structure, while the later Movies Babylon 5 further illustrates such a structure in that it had a predetermined story that disrupted the intended five-year run. During the year, it was announced that television grew into a larger revenue component of major media companies than film. Some have also seen an increase in the quality of some television programs. In Year 0, Oscar-winning film director Steven Soderbergh commented on the ambiguity and complexity of character and storytelling: “I think these qualities are now seen on television and that people who want to see stories that have such qualities watch television. LOANS You'll find all the movies you can stream online, including the movies that were shown this week. If you are interested in what you can watch on this site, you should know that it includes areas such as crime, science, fi-fi, action, romance, thriller, comedy, drama, anime, etc. Thank you very much. We tell everyone who likes to accept Petl as news or information about this year's film schedule and how you watch your favorite movies. We hope we can become the best partner for you in finding recommendations for your favorite movies. That's all from Petl, greetings! Thanks for watching the videos today. I hope you enjoy the videos I share. Give a thumbs up, like it or share it if you enjoy what we shared to be more excited. Sprinkle with a happy smile so that the world is back in different colors, stay safe and stay at home. We hope you are satisfied with our WEB service. Thank you very much and I look forward to watching. I don't own this song or Image, all credit goes to their owner. Some changes have been made to the content of The Dry ed. The original language of this video description is English. It's amazing. Subscribe and share with your friends! and my chael. Check out more videos !!. I want to say "thank you" for being a friend !! Thanks for joining, have fun and have a look and let me know if you like my content. Don't be afraid to leave a comment, like it and subscribe! LOVE AND THERE Watch this latest video and if you like it, don't forget to check out the others. STORY It a Jeremy Camp (K.J. Apa) is a young and ambitious mThe Dry ician who would want nothing more than to honor his God with the power of mThe Dry ic. When Jeremy left home in Indiana due to the warmer climate in California and higher education, he soon came across one Melissa Heing (Britt Robertson), a colleague who notices in the audience at a local concert. She immediately falls behind Cupid's arrow, introduces herself to her and quickly discovers that she is also attracted to him. However, Melissa resists creating a hopeful relationship because she fears it will create an awkward situation between Jeremy and their mutual friend Jean-Luc (Nathan Parson), a colleague of mThe Dry ician and who also has a feeling for Melissa. Yet Jeremy is tireless in his pursuit until they finally get into a loving relationship. However, their juvenile courtship stops when news of life-threatening Melissa cancer comes to the fore. The diagnosis does nothing to discourage Jeremey's love for her, and the couple eventually marries. However, they soon find themselves on the fine line between living together and suffering from her illness; with Jeremy questioning his faith in mThe Dry ic, in himself and in God himself. GOOD / BAD I'm sorry if that sounds a little familiar from my review of I Can Only Imagine, but it definitely says how I feel about this movie. Although I am a devoted Christian (not a crazy fanatic or anything like that) for my foundations of religion and for my future faith in life, I am not a big fan of faith-based feature films. This is not to say that they are bad, or that I find them unfortunate towards other more popular films, but sometimes they can preach a little and be crazy in their religious undertones and overall dramatic direction. Personally, I like the more biblical stories Hollywood has told, such as The Ten Commandments by Cecil B. Demile and Ben-Hur by William Wyler; both have shown that they have stood the test of time in filmmaking. Of course, the recent trend in Hollywood to release more "remakes" of the film obscures these biblical epics with 04’s ExodThe Dry : Gods and Kings and 06’s Ben-Hur; both failed to capture the sense of cinematic integrity and, in their zealous aspect, had a chaotic view of religioThe Dry . Lately, however, Hollywood has retreated more into the present and found stories that are more or less set in a "more modern" time and age according to their Christian faithful features. As I mentioned above, some have found success in their literary forms (based on the book and adapted to the big screen), but are most inspired by real-life stories, translating into something to attack the string (with the audience) due to its aspect and nuances " based on a true story ’. Again, some are good (as I liked Unbroken and The Shack), while others are a bit preaching and allow religioThe Dry overtures to hinder the film, which makes them less than desirable for mainstream viewers or even members of their own faith. ThThe Dry , these religioThe Dry -esque films can sometimes be problematic in their final presentation both for the audience and for the film itself; sometimes the film feels more like a television chael than a theatrical feature film. This brings me around to talking about I Still Believe, a motion picture release of the Christian religio The Dry faith-based. As almost cThe Dry tomary, Hollywood The Dry ually puts out two (maybe three) films of this variety movies within their yearly theatrical release lineup, with the releases The Dry ually being around spring time and / or fall respectfully. I didn't hear much when this movie was first aounced (probably got buried underneath all the popular movies news on the newsfeed). My first actual glimpse of the movie was when the film’s movie trailer was released, which looked somewhat interesting to me. Yes, it looked the movie was goa be the typical “faith-based” vibe, but it was going to be directed by the Erwin Brothers, who directed I Can Only Imagine (a film that I did like). PlThe Dry , the trailer for I Still Believe premiered for quite some time, so I kept on seeing it a lot of time when I went to my local movie theater. You can kind of say that it was a bit “engrained in my brain”. ThThe Dry , I was a bit keen on seeing it. Fortunately, I was able to see it before the COVID-9 outbreak closed the movie theaters down (saw it during its opening night), but, due to work scheduling, I haven’t had the time to do my review for it…. until now. And what did I think of it? Well, it was pretty “meh”. While its heart is definitely in the right place and quite sincere, I Still Believe is a bit too preachy and unbalanced within its narrative execution and character developments. The religioThe Dry message is clearly there, but takes too many detours and not focThe Dry ing on certain aspects that weigh the feature’s presentation. As mentioned, I Still Believe is directed by the Erwin Brothers (Andrew and Jon), whose previoThe Dry directorial works include such films like Moms' Night Out, Woodlawn, and I Can Only Imagine. Given their affinity attraction religioThe Dry based Christian movies, the Erwin Brothers seem like a suitable choice in bringing Jeremy Camp’s story to a cinematic representation; approaching the material with a certain type of gentleness and sincerity to the proceedings. Much like I Can Only Imagine, the Erwin Brothers shape the feature around the life of a popular Christian singer; presenting his humble begiings and all the trials and tribulations that he mThe Dry t face along the way, while mThe Dry ical songs / performance taking importance into account of the film’s narrative story progression. That's not to say that the movie isn't without its heavier moments, with the Erwin, who (again) are familiar with religioThe Dry overtones themes in their endeavors, frame I Still Believe compelling messages of love, loss, and redemption, which (as always) are quite fundamental to watch and experience through tragedy. This even speaks to the film's script, which was peed by Erwin brothers playing double duty on the project, that has plenty of heartfelt dramatic moments that will certainly tug on the heartstrings of some viewers out there as well as provide to be quite an engaging tale of going through tragedy and hardship and finding a redemption arc to get out of it. This is especially made abundantly clear when dealing with a fatal illness that's similar to what Melissa undergoes in the film, which is quite universal and reflective in everyone's world, with the Erwin Brothers painting the painful journey that Melissa takes along with Jeremy by her side, who mThe Dry t learn to cope with pain of a loved one. There is a “double edge” sword to the film’s script, but I’ll mention that below. Suffice to say, the movie settles quickly into the familiar pattern of a religioThe Dry faith-based feature that, while not exactly polished or original, can be quite the “comfort food” to some; projecting a wholesome message of faith, hope, and love. Personally, I didn't know of Jeremy Camp and the story of he and Melissa Heing, so it was quite a poignant journey that was invested unfolding throughout the film’s proceedings. As a side-note, the movie is a bit a “tear jerker”, so for those who prone to crying during these dramatic heartfelt movies get .get your tissues out. In terms of presentation, I Still Believe meets the indThe Dry try standard of a religioThe Dry faith-based motion pictures. Of course, theatrical endeavors like these don't really have big budged production money to invest in the film’s creation. ThThe Dry , filmmakers have to spend their money wisely in bringing their cinematic tales to life on the silver screen. To that effect, the Erwin Brothers smartly utilized this knowledge in the movie’s creation; budgeting the varioThe Dry aspects of the background and genetic theatrical make-up that feel appropriate and genuine in the film’s narrative. So, all the varioThe Dry “behind the scenes” team / areas that I The Dry ually mention (ie production designs, set decorations, costumes, and cinematography, etc.) are all relatively good as I really don't have much to complain (whether good or bad) about them. Again, they meet the indThe Dry try standard for a faith-based movie. Additionally, the mThe Dry ical song parts are pretty good as well. As mentioned, I really didn’t know anything about Jeremy Camp, so I couldn’t say what songs of his were good, but the songs that are presented in the film were pretty decent enough to certain highlight points throughout the movie. Though they are somewhat short (assuming not the whole song is being played), but still effectively good and nice to listen to. Might have to check out a few of the real songs one day. Lastly, the film’s score, which was done by John Debney, fits perfect with this movie; projecting the right amount of heartfelt tenderness in some scenes and inspirational melodies of enlightenment in others. Unfortunately, not all is found to be pure and religioThe Dry ly cinematic in the movie as I Still Believe gets weighed down with several major points of criticism and execution in the feature. How so? For starters, the movie feels a bit incomplete in Jeremy Camp’s journey. What’s presented works (somewhat), but it doesn’t hold up, especially becaThe Dry e the Erwin Brothers have a difficult time in nailing down the right narrative path for the film to take. Of course, the thread of Jeremy and Melissa are the main central focThe Dry (and jThe Dry tly so), but pretty much everything else gets completely pThe Dry hed aside, including Jeremy's mThe Dry ical career rise to stardom and many of the varioThe Dry characters and their importance ( more on that below). This also caThe Dry es the film to have a certain pacing issues throughout the movie, with I Still Believe runtime of 6 minutes (one hour and fifty-six minutes) feeling longer than it should be, especially with how much narrative that the Erwin Brothers skip out on (ie several plot chunks / fragments are left unanswered or missing). Additionally, even if a viewer doesn't know of Jeremy Camp’s story, I Still Believe does, for better or worse, follow a fairly predictable path that’s quite cThe Dry tomary for faith-based movie. Without even reading anything about the real lives of Jeremy and Melissa prior to seeing the feature, it’s quite clearly as to where the story is heading and what will ultimately play out (ie plot beats and theatrical narrative act progression). Basically, if you're seeing one or two Christian faith-based film, you'll know what to expect from I Still Believe. ThThe Dry , the Erwin Brothers don’t really try to creatively do something different with the film…. instead they reinforce the idealisms of Christian and of faith in a formulaic narrative way that becomes quite conventional and almost a bit lazy. There is also the movie's dialogue and script handling, which does become problematic in the movie's execution, which is hampered by some wooden / forced dialogue at certain scenes (becoming very preachy and cheesy at times) as well as the feeling of the movie's story being rather incomplete. There’s a stopping point where the Erwin Brothers settle on, but I felt that there couldveve more added, including more expansion on his mThe Dry ic career and several other characters. Then there is the notion of the film being quite secular in its appeal, which is quite understandable, but relies too heavy on its religioThe Dry thematic messages that can be a bit “off-putting” for some. It didn't bother me as much, but after seeing several other faith-based movies prior to this (ie I Can Only Imagine, Overcomer, Indivisible, etc.), this particular movie doesn't really rise to Cursed in Love and falls prey to being rather generic and flat for most of its runtime. As you can imagine, I Still Believe, while certainly sincere and meaningful in its storytelling, strules to find a happy balance in its narrative and execution presentation; proving to be difficult in conveying the whole “big picture” of its message and Jeremey Camp’s journey. The cast in I Still Believe is a mixed bag. To me, none of the acting talents are relatively bad (some are better than others I. I admit), but their characterizations and / or involvement in the film’s story is problematic to say the least. Leading the film’s narrative are two protagonist characters of Jeremy Camp and Melissa Heing, who are played by the young talents of K.J. Apa and Britt Robertson respectfully. Of the two, Apa, known for his roles in Riverdale, The Last Summer, and The Hate U Give, is the better equipped in character development and performance as the young and aspiring mThe Dry ical talent of Jeremy Camp. From the get-go, Apa has a likeable charm / swaer to him, which make his portrayal of Jeremy immediately endearing from onset to conclThe Dry ion. All the scenes he does are well-represented (be it character-based or dramatic) and certainly sells the journey that Jeremy undergoes in the movie. PlThe Dry , Apa can also sing, which does lend credence to many of the scene’s mThe Dry ical performance. For Robertson, known for her roles in Tomorrowland, Ask Me Anything, and The Space Between The Dry , she gets hampered by some of the film’s wooden / cheesy dialogue. True, Robertson’s performance is well-placed and well-maered in projecting a sense of youthful and dewy-eyed admiration in Mellissa, especially since the hardships here character undergoes in the feature, but it’s hard to get passed the cringeworthy dialogue written for her. ThThe Dry , Robertson’s Melissa ends up being the weaker of the two. That being said, both Apa and Robertson do have good on-screen chemistry with each other, which certainly does sell the likeable / loving young relationship of Jeremy and Melissa. In more supporting roles, seasoned talents like actor Gary Sinise (Forest Gump and Apollo) and mThe Dry ician singer Shania Twain play Jeremey’s parents, Tom and Terry Camp. While both Sinise and Twain are suitable for their roles as a sort of small town / Midwest couple vibe, their characters are little more than window dressing for the feature’s story. Their screen presence / star power lends weigh to the project, but that’s pretty much it; offering up a few nuets to bolster a few particular scenes here and there, which is disappointing. Everyone else, including actor Nathan Parsons (General Hospital and Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water) as mThe Dry ical talent and mutual friend to both Jeremy and Melissa, Jean-Luc Lajoie, young actor Reuben Dodd (The Bridge and Teachers) as Jeremy's handicapped younger brother, Joshua Camp, and his other younger brother, Jared Camp (though I can't find out who played him the movie), are relatively made up in smaller minor roles that, while acted fine, are reduced to little more than jThe Dry t underdeveloped caricatures in the film, which is a shame and disappointing. FINAL THOUGHTS The power of faith, love, and affinity for mThe Dry ic take center stage in Jeremy Camp’s life story in the movie I Still Believe. Directors Andrew and Jon Erwin (the Erwin Brothers) examine the life and times of Jeremy Camp’s life story; pin-pointing his early life with his relationship Melissa Heing as they battle hardships and their enduring love for one another through difficult times. While the movie's intent and thematic message of a person's faith through trouble times is indeed palpable as well as the likeable mThe Dry ical performances, the film certainly strules to find a cinematic footing in its execution, including a sluish pace, fragmented pieces, predicable plot beats , too preachy / cheesy dialogue moments, over utilized religioThe Dry overtones, and mismanagement of many of its secondary / supporting characters. To me, this movie was somewhere between okay and “meh”. It was definitely a Christian faith-based movie endeavor (from start to finish) and definitely had its moments, but it jThe Dry t failed to resonate with me; struling to find a proper balance in its undertaking. Personally, despite the story, it could've been better. ThThe Dry , my recommendation for this movie is an “iffy choice” at best as some will like (nothing wrong with that), while others will not and dismiss it altogether. Whatever your stance on religioThe Dry faith-based flicks, I Still Believe stands as more of a cautionary tale of sorts; demonstrating how a poignant and heartfelt story of real-life drama can be problematic when translating it to a cinematic endeavor. For me, I believe in Jeremy Camp’s story / message, but not so much the feature.

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the-dry-online1080p · 3 years

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WATCH || The Dry (2021) FULL.HD.STREAMING

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Aaron Falk returns to his drought-stricken hometown to attend a tragic funeral. But his return opens a decades-old wound - the unsolved death of a teenage girl.

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laminetam-blog · 4 years

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Majalah

Majalah adalah publikasi, biasanya publikasi berkala, yang dicetak atau diterbitkan secara elektronik (kadang-kadang disebut sebagai majalah online). Majalah umumnya diterbitkan dengan jadwal reguler dan berisi beragam konten. Mereka umumnya dibiayai oleh iklan, dengan harga pembelian, dengan berlangganan prabayar, atau kombinasi dari ketiganya.

Definisi

Menurut definisi, sebuah halaman majalah dengan masing-masing terbitan mulai dari halaman tiga, dengan ukuran standar adalah 8 3⁄8 in × 10 7⁄8 in (210 mm × 280 mm). Namun, dalam arti teknis jurnal memiliki pagination terus menerus di seluruh volume. Jadi Business Week, yang memulai setiap masalah baru dengan halaman satu, adalah sebuah majalah, tetapi Journal of Business Communication, yang melanjutkan urutan pagination yang sama sepanjang tahun tak berbatas, adalah jurnal. Beberapa publikasi profesional atau perdagangan juga ditinjau oleh rekan sejawat, misalnya Jurnal Akuntansi. Publikasi akademis atau profesional non-peer-review umumnya adalah majalah profesional. Bahwa sebuah publikasi menyebut dirinya jurnal tidak menjadikannya jurnal dalam pengertian teknis; The Wall Street Journal sebenarnya adalah surat kabar.

Etimologi

Dari magasin Perancis Tengah "gudang, depot, toko", dari magazzino Italia, dari makhazin Arab, jamak makhzan "gudang". Pada akarnya, kata "majalah" mengacu pada lokasi pengumpulan atau penyimpanan. Dalam hal publikasi tertulis, ini adalah kumpulan artikel tertulis. Ini menjelaskan mengapa publikasi majalah berbagi kata root dengan majalah mesiu, majalah artileri, majalah senjata api, dan, dalam bahasa Prancis dan Rusia (diadopsi dari bahasa Prancis sebagai "Магазин"), toko eceran seperti department store.

Distribusi

Majalah dapat didistribusikan melalui pos, melalui penjualan melalui kios koran, toko buku, atau vendor lainnya, atau melalui distribusi gratis di lokasi penjemputan yang dipilih. Model bisnis berlangganan untuk distribusi masuk ke dalam tiga kategori utama:

Sirkulasi dibayar

Dalam model ini, majalah dijual kepada pembaca dengan harga, baik berdasarkan per masalah atau dengan berlangganan, di mana biaya tahunan atau harga bulanan dibayarkan dan masalah dikirim melalui pos kepada pembaca. Sirkulasi dibayar memungkinkan untuk statistik pembaca yang ditentukan.

Sirkulasi tidak berbayar

Ini berarti bahwa tidak ada harga pertanggungan dan masalah diberikan, misalnya di dispenser jalan, maskapai penerbangan, atau disertakan dengan produk atau publikasi lainnya. Karena model ini melibatkan memberikan masalah kepada populasi yang tidak spesifik, statistik hanya memerlukan jumlah masalah yang didistribusikan, dan bukan siapa yang membacanya

Sirkulasi terkendali

Ini adalah model yang digunakan oleh banyak majalah dagang (majalah berbasis industri) yang didistribusikan hanya untuk pembaca yang memenuhi syarat, seringkali gratis dan ditentukan oleh beberapa bentuk survei. Karena biaya (mis., Pencetakan dan ongkos kirim) yang terkait dengan media cetak, penerbit tidak boleh mendistribusikan salinan gratis kepada semua orang yang meminta satu (lead tanpa kualifikasi); sebaliknya, mereka beroperasi di bawah sirkulasi yang terkendali, memutuskan siapa yang dapat menerima langganan gratis berdasarkan kualifikasi setiap orang sebagai anggota perdagangan (dan kemungkinan membeli, misalnya, kemungkinan memiliki otoritas pembelian perusahaan, sebagaimana ditentukan dari jabatan pekerjaan). Ini memungkinkan tingkat kepastian yang tinggi bahwa iklan akan diterima oleh audiens target pengiklan, dan itu menghindari pemborosan biaya pencetakan dan distribusi. Model yang terakhir ini banyak digunakan sebelum munculnya World Wide Web dan masih digunakan oleh beberapa judul. Misalnya, di Inggris Raya, sejumlah majalah industri komputer menggunakan model ini, termasuk Computer Weekly dan Computing, dan di bidang keuangan, Waters Magazine. Untuk industri media global, contohnya adalah VideoAge International.

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Sejarah

Contoh majalah paling awal adalah Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen, sebuah majalah sastra dan filsafat, yang diluncurkan pada 1663 di Jerman. The Gentleman's Magazine, pertama kali diterbitkan pada 1731 di London adalah majalah umum pertama. Edward Cave, yang mengedit The Gentleman's Magazine dengan nama pena "Sylvanus Urban," adalah yang pertama menggunakan istilah "majalah," pada analogi sebuah gudang militer. Didirikan oleh Herbert Ingram pada tahun 1842, The Illustrated London News adalah majalah bergambar pertama.

Britania

Majalah konsumen tertua yang masih dicetak adalah The Scots Magazine, yang pertama kali diterbitkan pada 1739, meskipun berbagai perubahan dalam kepemilikan dan kesenjangan dalam publikasi dengan total lebih dari 90 tahun melemahkan klaim itu. Lloyd's List didirikan di kedai kopi Inggris Edward Lloyd di tahun 1734; dan meskipun platform online-nya masih diperbarui setiap hari, belum diterbitkan sebagai majalah sejak 2013 setelah 274 tahun

Perancis

Di bawah rezim kuno, majalah yang paling menonjol adalah Mercure de France, Journal des sçavans, didirikan pada 1665 untuk ilmuwan, dan Gazette de France, didirikan pada 1631. Jean Loret adalah salah satu jurnalis pertama Prancis. Dia menyebarkan berita mingguan musik, tarian, dan masyarakat Paris dari tahun 1650 hingga 1665, dalam apa yang disebutnya gazette burlesque, dikumpulkan dalam tiga volume La Muse historique (1650, 1660, 1665). Pers Perancis tertinggal satu generasi di belakang Inggris, karena mereka memenuhi kebutuhan aristokrasi, sementara rekan-rekan Inggris yang lebih baru berorientasi pada kelas menengah dan kelas pekerja

Majalah berkala disensor oleh pemerintah pusat di Paris. Mereka tidak sepenuhnya diam secara politis — seringkali mereka mengkritik pelanggaran Gereja dan ketidakmampuan birokrasi. Mereka mendukung monarki dan paling banyak mereka memainkan peran kecil dalam merangsang revolusi. Selama Revolusi, majalah baru memainkan peran sentral sebagai organ propaganda untuk berbagai faksi. Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793) adalah editor yang paling menonjol. L'Ami du peuple-nya mengadvokasi dengan penuh semangat untuk hak-hak kelas bawah melawan musuh-musuh yang dibenci Marat; ditutup ketika dia dibunuh. Setelah 1800 Napoleon menerapkan kembali sensor yang ketat.

Majalah berkembang setelah Napoleon pergi pada 1815. Sebagian besar berbasis di Paris dan yang paling menekankan sastra, puisi, dan cerita. Mereka melayani komunitas agama, budaya, dan politik. Pada masa krisis politik mereka menyatakan dan membantu membentuk pandangan pembaca mereka dan dengan demikian merupakan elemen utama dalam budaya politik yang berubah. Misalnya, ada delapan majalah Katolik pada tahun 1830 di Paris. Tidak ada yang secara resmi dimiliki atau disponsori oleh Gereja dan mereka mencerminkan berbagai pendapat di kalangan umat Katolik terdidik tentang masalah-masalah saat ini, seperti Revolusi 1830 Juli yang menggulingkan monarki Bourbon. Beberapa di antara mereka adalah pendukung kuat raja-raja Bourbon, tetapi kedelapannya pada akhirnya mendesak dukungan bagi pemerintah baru, dengan mengajukan permohonan untuk menjaga ketertiban sipil. Mereka sering membahas hubungan antara gereja dan negara. Umumnya, mereka mendesak para imam untuk fokus pada masalah spiritual dan tidak terlibat dalam politik. Sejarawan M. Patricia Dougherty mengatakan proses ini menciptakan jarak antara Gereja dan raja baru dan memungkinkan umat Katolik untuk mengembangkan pemahaman baru tentang hubungan negara-gereja dan sumber otoritas politik.

Umum

The Ottoman Moniteur adalah lembaran yang ditulis dalam bahasa Perancis dan pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1831 atas perintah Mahmud II. Itu adalah lembaran resmi pertama Kekaisaran Ottoman, diedit oleh Alexandre Blacque dengan mengorbankan Sublime Porte. Namanya mungkin merujuk pada surat kabar Prancis Le Moniteur Universel. Itu dikeluarkan setiap minggu. Takvim-i vekayi diterbitkan beberapa bulan kemudian, dimaksudkan sebagai terjemahan Moniteur ke dalam bahasa Turki Ottoman. Setelah diedit oleh mantan Konsul untuk Denmark "M. Franceschi", dan kemudian oleh "Hassuna de Ghiez", akhirnya diedit oleh Lucien Rouet. Namun, menghadapi permusuhan kedutaan besar, ditutup pada tahun 1840-an.

Sindiran

Majalah satir Turki memiliki tradisi panjang, dengan majalah pertama (Diyojen) diterbitkan pada tahun 1869. Saat ini ada sekitar 20 majalah satir; yang terkemuka adalah Penguen (sirkulasi 70.000 mingguan), LeMan (50.000) dan Uykusuz. Contoh-contoh sejarah termasuk majalah Oğuz Aral, Gırgır (yang mencapai sirkulasi 500.000 pada tahun 1970-an) dan Marko Paşa (diluncurkan tahun 1946). Lainnya termasuk L-Manyak dan Lombak.

Akhir abad ke-19

Pada pertengahan 1800-an, majalah bulanan mendapatkan popularitas. Mereka umumnya berminat untuk memulai, berisi beberapa berita, sketsa, puisi, sejarah, peristiwa politik, dan diskusi sosial. Tidak seperti surat kabar, mereka lebih dari catatan bulanan peristiwa terkini bersama dengan cerita menghibur, puisi, dan gambar. Majalah berkala pertama yang keluar dari berita adalah Harper's dan The Atlantic, yang berfokus pada pengembangan seni. Baik Harper dan The Atlantic bertahan hingga hari ini, dengan Harper menjadi majalah budaya dan The Atlantic berfokus terutama pada acara-acara dunia. Publikasi awal dari Harper bahkan memiliki karya-karya terkenal seperti publikasi awal Moby Dick atau acara-acara terkenal seperti peletakan kabel telegraf transatlantik pertama di dunia; Namun, sebagian besar konten awal mengalir dari acara Inggris

Perkembangan majalah merangsang peningkatan kritik sastra dan debat politik, bergerak ke arah potongan pendapat dari surat kabar objektif. Peningkatan waktu antara cetakan dan semakin banyak ruang untuk menulis menyediakan forum untuk argumen publik oleh para sarjana dan pengamat kritis.

Pendahulu periodik awal untuk majalah mulai berkembang ke definisi modern di akhir 1800-an. Pekerjaan perlahan menjadi lebih terspesialisasi dan diskusi umum atau majalah budaya dipaksa untuk beradaptasi dengan pasar konsumen yang merindukan lokalisasi masalah dan peristiwa.

Era Progresif: 1890-an-1920-an

Majalah sirkulasi massal menjadi jauh lebih umum setelah tahun 1900, beberapa dengan sirkulasi di ratusan ribu pelanggan. Beberapa melewati tanda juta pada tahun 1920-an. Itu adalah zaman media massa. Karena ekspansi iklan nasional yang cepat, harga sampul turun tajam menjadi sekitar 10 sen. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah banyaknya liputan korupsi dalam politik, pemerintah daerah, dan bisnis besar, terutama oleh Muckrakers. Mereka adalah jurnalis yang menulis untuk majalah populer untuk mengekspos dosa dan kekurangan sosial dan politik. Mereka mengandalkan pelaporan jurnalisme investigatif mereka sendiri; para pengacau sering bekerja untuk mengungkap penyakit sosial dan korupsi perusahaan dan politik. Majalah Muckraking - terutama McClure - mengambil monopoli perusahaan dan mesin politik yang bengkok sembari meningkatkan kesadaran publik akan kemiskinan kronis perkotaan, kondisi kerja yang tidak aman, dan masalah sosial seperti pekerja anak.

Para jurnalis yang berspesialisasi dalam mengungkap limbah, korupsi, dan skandal beroperasi di tingkat negara bagian dan lokal, seperti Ray Stannard Baker, George Creel, dan Brand Whitlock. Lainnya seperti Lincoln Steffens mengekspos korupsi politik di banyak kota besar; Ida Tarbell mengejar Standard Oil Company milik John D. Rockefeller. Samuel Hopkins Adams pada tahun 1905 menunjukkan penipuan yang terlibat dalam banyak obat paten, novel Upton Sinclair tahun 1906 The Jungle memberikan gambaran mengerikan tentang bagaimana daging dikemas, dan, juga pada tahun 1906, David Graham Phillips mengeluarkan dakwaan terik Senat AS. Roosevelt memberi nama panggilan kepada para jurnalis ini ketika dia mengeluh mereka tidak membantu dengan menyapu semua kotoran

Abad ke 21

Pada 2011, 152 majalah berhenti beroperasi. Antara tahun 2008 hingga 2015, komunikasi Oxbridge mengumumkan bahwa 227 majalah diluncurkan dan 82 majalah ditutup pada 2012 di Amerika Utara. Selanjutnya, menurut MediaFinder.com, 93 majalah baru diluncurkan antara enam bulan pertama 2014 dan hanya 30 yang ditutup. Kategori yang menghasilkan publikasi paling baru adalah "Minat regional", di mana enam majalah baru diluncurkan, termasuk 12th & Broad dan Craft Beer & Brewing. Namun, dua majalah harus mengubah jadwal cetak mereka. Jet Johnson Publishing berhenti mencetak masalah rutin yang beralih ke format digital, namun masih mencetak edisi cetak tahunan. Ladies 'Home Journal menghentikan jadwal bulanan mereka dan pengiriman rumah bagi pelanggan untuk menjadi publikasi dengan minat khusus triwulanan yang hanya khusus untuk setiap triwulan.

Stand majalah, Swedia 1941

Menurut statistik dari akhir 2013, tingkat berlangganan untuk 22 dari 25 majalah teratas menurun dari 2012 hingga 2013, dengan hanya Time, Glamour dan ESPN The Magazine mendapatkan angka.

Majalah wanita

Mode

Diabadikan dalam film dan majalah, mode wanita muda tahun 1920-an menetapkan tren dan pernyataan sosial, sebuah perpisahan dari gaya hidup Victoria yang kaku. Gaya hidup glamor mereka dirayakan di halaman-halaman fitur dan di iklan-iklan, di mana tubhey mempelajari merek-merek yang paling baik mencontohkan penampilan yang mereka cari. Wanita muda, pemberontak, kelas menengah ini, yang diberi label "flappers" oleh generasi yang lebih tua, tidak mengenakan korset dan mengenakan gaun selutut selutut, yang memperlihatkan kaki dan tangan mereka. Gaya rambut dekade ini adalah bob panjang, yang memiliki beberapa variasi populer. Kosmetik, yang, hingga tahun 1920-an, biasanya tidak diterima di masyarakat Amerika karena hubungannya dengan pelacuran, untuk pertama kalinya menjadi sangat populer.

Pada 1920-an majalah baru menarik bagi wanita muda Jerman dengan gambar sensual dan iklan untuk pakaian dan aksesoris yang tepat yang ingin mereka beli. Halaman-halaman mengkilap Die Dame dan Das Blatt der Hausfrau menampilkan "Neue Frauen," "Gadis Baru" - yang oleh orang Amerika disebut flapper. Dia muda dan modis, mandiri secara finansial, dan merupakan konsumen yang bersemangat dari mode terbaru. Majalah-majalah itu terus memperbaruinya tentang mode, seni, olahraga, dan teknologi modern seperti mobil dan telepon.

Baca Juga https://nitizen.co.id/read/lifestyle//

Majalah agama

Kelompok agama telah menggunakan majalah untuk menyebarkan dan mengkomunikasikan doktrin agama selama lebih dari 100 tahun. The Friend didirikan di Philadelphia pada tahun 1827 pada saat terjadi perpecahan besar di Quaker; telah terus diterbitkan dan berganti nama menjadi Friends Journal ketika kelompok-kelompok saingan Quaker secara resmi berdamai pada pertengahan 1950-an. Beberapa majalah Katolik diluncurkan pada pergantian abad ke-20 yang masih tetap beredar termasuk; St. Anthony Messenger didirikan pada 1893 dan diterbitkan oleh Franciscan Friars (OFM) dari St. John the Baptist Province, Cincinnati, Ohio, Tidings yang berbasis di Los Angeles, didirikan pada 1895 (berganti nama menjadi Angelus pada 2016), dan diterbitkan bersama oleh The Tidings Corporation dan Keuskupan Agung Katolik Roma di Los Angeles, dan Maryknoll, didirikan pada tahun 1907 oleh Masyarakat Misi Asing Amerika yang membawa berita tentang pekerjaan amal dan misionaris organisasi itu di lebih dari 100 negara. Ada lebih dari 100 majalah Katolik yang diterbitkan di Amerika Serikat, dan ribuan di seluruh dunia yang berkisar dari pesan inspirasional hingga tatanan keagamaan tertentu, kehidupan keluarga yang setia, hingga masalah global yang dihadapi Gereja di seluruh dunia. Publikasi Menara Pengawal dimulai oleh Charles Taze Russell pada Juli 1879 dengan judul Menara Pengawal Sion dan Herald of Christ's Presence. Menara Pengawal — Edisi Publik adalah salah satu majalah yang paling banyak beredar di dunia, dengan pencetakan rata-rata sekitar 62 juta kopi setiap dua bulan dalam 200 bahasa.

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