#amader islamic

[amaderislamitv]

আলেমদের নির্যাতন করার ভয়াবহ শাস্তি || শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন নতুন ওয়াজ || Shaikh Jamal Uddin New Waz

Shaikh Jamal Uddin, Shaikh Jamal Uddin New Waz 2023, Shaikh Jamal Uddin Waz, Shaikh Jamal Uddin New Waz, shaikh jamal uddin,bangla waz, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন এর ওয়াজ, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন নতুন ওয়াজ, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন ২০২৩, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন ২০২৪, আল্লামা শাইখ জামাল উদ্দিন, মাওলানা শাইখ জামাল উদ্দিন

[sheltiechicago]

"A Woman Prays In The Grotto Of The Layene Brotherhood"

Photographs Documenting The Islamic Society In Senegal

"The Sufi Brotherhoods of Senegal"

by Christian Bobst.

"Serigne Amadou Bamba Mbacké At The Touba Commercial Center"

"A Merchant Sells Posters Of Seydina Issa Rohou"

"Mural Of Serigne Saliou In The Streets Of Ngor"

[zvaigzdelasas]

The junta’s announcement follows a visit by US officials this week which was led by assistant secretary of state for African affairs Molly Phee and included Gen Michael Langley, commander of the US Africa command. Col Amadou Abdramane said on Niger television on Saturday that the US delegation did not follow diplomatic protocol, and that Niger was not informed about the composition of the delegation, the date of its arrival or the agenda.

He added that the discussions were around the current military transition in Niger, military cooperation between the two countries and Niger’s choice of partners in the fight against militants linked to al-Qaida and Islamic State.[...]

“Niger regrets the intention of the American delegation to deny the sovereign Nigerien people the right to choose their partners and types of partnerships capable of truly helping them fight against terrorism,” Abdramane said.

“Also, the government of Niger forcefully denounces the condescending attitude accompanied by the threat of retaliation from the head of the American delegation towards the Nigerien government and people.”

Abdramane stopped short of saying US forces should leave. But he alleged their status and presence was illegal and violated constitutional and democratic rules because, he claimed, it was unilaterally imposed in 2012.

He said Niger was not aware of the number of US civilian and military personnel on its soil or the amount of equipment deployed and, according to the agreement, the US military had no obligation to respond to any request for help against militants.

“In light of all the above, the government of Niger, revokes with immediate effect the agreement concerning the status of United States military personnel and civilian employees of the American department of defence on the territory of the Republic of Niger,” Abdramane said.[...]

In October, Washington officially designated the military takeover as a coup, which triggered US laws restricting the military support and aid that it can provide to Niger. But in December, Phee said the US was willing to restore aid and security ties if Niger met certain conditions.

16 Mar 24

[ausetkmt]

Encyclopedia of American Race Riots [2 volumes]: Greenwood Milestones in African American History [2 volumes] Illustrated Edition

Click the title to download free, and please share it

2008 Ida B. Wells and Cheikh Anta Diop Award for Outstanding Scholarship in Africana Studies

2007 Choice Outstanding Academic Title

Race riots are the most glaring and contemporary displays of the racial strife running through America's history. Mostly urban, mostly outside the South, and mostly white-instigated, the number and violence of race riots increased as blacks migrated out of the rural South and into the North and West's industrialized cities during the early part of the twentieth-century.

Though white / black violence has been the most common form of racial violence, riots involving Asians and Hispanics are also included and examined. Race riots are the most glaring and contemporary displays of the racial strife running through America's history. Mostly urban, mostly outside the South, and mostly white-instigated, the number and violence of race riots increased as blacks migrated out of the rural South and into the North and West's industrialized cities during the early part of the twentieth-century.

While most riots have occurred within the past century, the encyclopedia reaches back to colonial history, giving the encyclopedia an unprecedented historical depth.

Though white on black violence has been the most common form of racial violence, riots involving other racial and ethnic groups, such as Asians and Hispanics, are also included and examined.

Organized A-Z, topics include: notorious riots like the Tulsa Riots of 1921, the Los Angeles Riots of 1965 and 1992; the African-American community's preparedness and responses to this odious form of mass violence; federal responses to rioting; an examination of the underlying causes of rioting; the reactions of prominent figures such as H. Rap Brown and Martin Luther King, Jr to rioting; and much more. Many of the entries describe and analyze particular riots and violent racial incidents, including the following:

Belleville, Illinois, Riot of 1903 Harlem, New York, Riot of 1943 Howard Beach Incident, 1986 Jackson State University Incident, 1970 Los Angeles, California, Riot of 1992 Memphis, Tennessee, Riot of 1866 Red Summer Race Riots of 1919 Southwest Missouri Riots 1894-1906 Texas Southern University Riot of 1967

Entries covering the victims and opponents of race violence, include the following:

Black Soldiers, Lynching of Black Women, Lynching of Diallo, Amadou Hawkins, Yusef King, Rodney Randolph, A. Philip Roosevelt, Eleanor Till, Emmett, Lynching of Turner, Mary, Lynching of Wells-Barnett, Ida B.

Many entries also cover legislation that has addressed racial violence and inequality, as well as groups and organizations that have either fought or promoted racial violence, including the following:

Anti-Lynching League Civil Rights Act of 1957 Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 Ku Klux Klan National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Nation of Islam Vigilante Organizations White League Other entries focus on relevant concepts, trends, themes, and publications.

Besides almost 300 cross-referenced entries, most of which conclude with lists of additional readings, the encyclopedia also offers a timeline of racial violence in the United States, an extensive bibliography of print and electronic resources, a selection of important primary documents, numerous illustrations, and a detailed subject index.

click the title to download - free, and please share it

[ertan2618]

Dünyadaki en yüksek fuhuş oranlarına sahip 10 devlet:

1- Tayland (Budizm)

2- Danimarka (Hristiyan)

3- İtalya (Hıristiyan)

4- Almanya (Hristiyan)

5- Fransa (Hristiyan)

6- Norveç (Hıristiyan)

7- Belçika (Hıristiyanlık)

8- İspanya (Hıristiyanlık)

9- Birleşik Krallık (Hıristiyan)

10- Finlandiya (Hıristiyan)

Dünyadaki en yüksek hırsızlık oranına sahip 10 Devlet:

10- Danimarka ve Finlandiya (Hıristiyanlık)

9- Zimbabve (Hristiyan)

8- Avustralya (Hıristiyan)

7- Kanada (Hıristiyan)

6- Yeni Zelanda (Hıristiyan)

5- Hindistan (Hinduizm)

4- İngiltere ve Galler (Hristiyan)

3- Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (Hristiyan)

2- İsveç (Hıristiyan)

1- Güney Afrika (Hristiyan)

Dünyadaki en yüksek alkol bağımlılığı oranlarına sahip 10 devlet:

1) Moldova (Hristiyan)

2) Belarus (Hristiyan)

3) Litvanya (Hristiyanlık)

4) Rusya (Hıristiyanlık)

5) Çek Cumhuriyeti (Hıristiyanlık)

6) Ukrayna (Hristiyan)

7) Andorra (Hristiyan)

8) Roma (Hristiyan)

9) Sırbistan (Hristiyan)

10) Avustralya (Hıristiyan)

Dünyadaki en yüksek cinayet oranına sahip devletler:

1- Honduras (Hıristiyan)

2- Venezuela (Hristiyan)

3- Belize (Hristiyan)

4- El Salvador (Hristiyan)

5- Guatemala (Hristiyan)

6- Güney Afrika (Hıristiyan)

7- Saint Kitts ve Nevis (Hıristiyan)

8- Bahamalar (Hıristiyanlık)

9- Lesoto (Hristiyan)

10- Jamaika (Hristiyan)

Dünyadaki en tehlikeli çetelerin isimleri:

1- Yakuza (ateist)

2- Agbyros (Hristiyan)

3- Wah Singh (Hristiyan)

4- Jamaika Bossu (Hristiyan)

5- Primero (Hristiyan)

6- Aryan Kardeşliği (Hıristiyan)

7- Kan (Hıristiyanlık)

8- 18. Sokak Çetesi (Hıristiyan)

9- Mungiki (Hristiyan)

10- Mara Salvarucha (Hristiyan)

Dünyadaki en büyük Uyuşturucu kartellerinin isimleri:

1- Pablo Escobar - Kolombiya (Hıristiyan)

2- Amadou Carilo - Kolombiya (Hristiyan)

3- Alman Lider Carlos (Hristiyan)

4- Griselda Blanco - Kolombiya (Hristiyan)

5- Joaquín Guzmán - Meksika (Hristiyan)

6- Raphael Caro - Meksika (Hristiyan)

* Ama şiddetin ve terörizmin sebebinin İslam olduğu söyleniyor ..!! *

Hatta bazılarımız buna inanıyor.

Dumlu Nihat

.

Foto Web.

[omowale-jabali-reader]

BREAKING: 🇧🇫 🇳🇪 🇲🇱

Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali have issued joint statement withdrawing from ECOWAS with immediate effect.

"After 49 years, the valiant peoples of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger regretfully and with great disappointment observe that the (ECOWAS) organization has drifted from the ideals of its founding fathers and the spirit of Pan-Africanism." Colonel Amadou stated

◉ The military ruled countries are citing the injustice of sanctions ECOWAS levied on them following takeovers by military juntas.

◉ All three were suspended from ECOWAS with Niger and Mali facing heavy sanctions.

◉ The three military leaders; Ibrahim Traore(Burkina Faso), Abdourahamane Tiani(Niger) and Assimi Goïta(Mali), have argued that they want to restore security before organising elections as the three Sahel nations struggle contain insurgencies linked to al Qaeda and Islamic State.

What's your opinion on this? Do you think their decision is justifiable?

#PanAfricanDailyTV

[aynodndr]

Dünyanın en yüksek fuhuş oranına sahip 10 ülkesi:

1) Tayland (Budizm)

2) Danimarka (Hıristiyan)

3) İtalya (Hıristiyan)

4) Almanya (Hıristiyan)

5) Fransa (Hıristiyan)

6) Norveç (Hıristiyan)

7) Belçika (Hıristiyanlık)

8) İspanya (Hıristiyanlık)

9) Birleşik Krallık (Hıristiyan)

10) Finlandiya (Hıristiyanlık)

Dünyanın en yüksek hırsızlık oranına sahip 10 ülkesi:

10) Danimarka ve Finlandiya (Hıristiyanlık)

9) Zimbabve (Hristiyan)

8) Avustralya (Hıristiyan)

7) Kanada (Hıristiyan)

6) Yeni Zelanda (Hıristiyan)

5) Hindistan (Hinduizm)

4) İngiltere ve Galler (Hristiyan)

3) Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (Hristiyan)

2) İsveç (Hıristiyanlık)

1) Güney Afrika (Hristiyan)

Dünyada en yüksek alkol bağımlılığı oranına sahip 10 ülke:

1) Moldova (Hristiyan)

2) Belarus (Hristiyan)

3) Litvanya (Hristiyanlık)

4) Rusya (Hıristiyanlık)

5) Çek Cumhuriyeti (Hıristiyanlık)

6) Ukrayna (Hristiyan)

7) Andorra (Hristiyan)

8) Roma (Hristiyan)

9) Sırbistan (Hristiyan)

10) Avustralya (Hıristiyan)

Dünyadaki en yüksek cinayet oranına sahip ülkeler:

1 - Honduras (Hıristiyanlık)

2- Venezuela (Hristiyan)

3 - Belize (Hristiyan)

4 - El Salvador (Hristiyan)

5 - Guatemala (Hristiyan)

6- Güney Afrika (Hıristiyan)

7. Saint Kitts ve Nevis (Hıristiyan)

8- Bahamalar (Hıristiyanlık)

9- Lesoto (Hristiyan)

10- Jamaika (Hristiyan)

Dünyadaki en tehlikeli çetelerin isimleri:

1. Yakuza (Ateist)

2 - Agbyros (Hristiyan)

3 - Wah Singh (Hristiyan)

4 - Jamaika Bossu (Hristiyan)

5 - Primero (Hristiyan)

6. Aryan Kardeşliği (Hıristiyan)

7. Kan (Hıristiyanlık)

8. 18. Sokak Çetesi (Hıristiyan)

9. Mungiki (Hristiyan)

10 - Mara Salvarucha (Hristiyan)

Dünyadaki en büyük Uyuşturucu kartellerinin isimleri:

1 - Pablo Escobar - Kolombiya (Hıristiyan)

2 - Amadou Carilo - Kolombiya (Hristiyan)

3 - Alman Lider Carlos (Hristiyan)

4 - Griselda Blanco - Kolombiya (Hristiyan)

5 - Joaquín Guzmán - Meksika (Hristiyan)

6 - Raphael Caro - Meksika (Hristiyan)

* Bu tabloya rağmen Islamofobi adlı bir yapay korku mekanizması üretilerek şiddetin ve terörizmin sebebinin "İslam" olduğu söylenebiliyor ..!

[thechowk]

The Reluctant Saint Who Watches Over Senegal as Street Art - Atlas Obscura

Street art often contains entire histories within itself and acts as a record keeper of public memory. Read one such story here. #senegal #islam #publicspace #publicart #streetart #art #history

THE PHOTO WAS MEANT AS a kind of a mug shot, so authorities could keep tabs on him. Yet the camera did not capture a man trapped so much as a compelling, mythical radiance—the figure is poised, his headscarf glowing in blinding Sahelian sunlight, his face obscured but indelible. More than a century later the image has become unmistakable. It’s the only known photograph of Sheikh Amadou Bamba…

[dakardreamsofsheep]

Religion in Senegal

Having just moved here from Egypt, the ways Islam showed up in daily life here were wildly different. There, to my American eyes the biggest difference was in the separate spheres men and women occupied in public space, the care around every male-female interaction, the headscarves hijabs and full covering niqabs. Here, men and women mingled much more freely. They also showed much more upper body skin, though long skirts and pants were the norm away from the beach.

Especially in the north half of the country here, almost everyone is Muslim, though there are some Christians here and there. On Fridays lots of people -even the children- dress up in their “Sunday best” to go to the mosque for the afternoon sermon, prayer mats slung over shoulders. It’s the men who go, as a rule, though there’s a room in each of the larger mosques for women to pray as well. The call to prayer echoes out five times a day, with imans of varying singing abilities booming over the speakers.

The Sufi sect of Islam is popular here, and singing circles pop up almost every night. The keening melodies repeat, often one line from the Quran. It’ s a sound that I think will always root me in that time and place, and reminds me of the Hebrew niguns I love chanting with my own spiritual group.

Islam also exists alongside -or maybe superimposed on- local beliefs that have existed since the religion reached West Africa 1,000 years ago. Even in the time of the Malian king Mansa Masa’s pilgrimage to Mecca in the 1300’s, elites balanced a profitable foreign religion with existing systems. Tradition medicine, paying for blessings -or curses- from the seurigne elders is still very much a part of life here, though it seems to happen less openly than Islamic practices. There’s also the Baye Fall, a subject of one of the Sufi brotherhoods and followers of Ibrahima Fall (himself a follower of Chiekh Amadou Bamba). They wear white and black checkered robes and often rainbow patchworks, a louder, higher pitched chanting and gourds to collect donations. The small communities from other parts of Senegal exist sometimes uneasily here in the Lebou village, unlinked by the usual family ties.

Systems of Islamic and Quranic schools also exist alongside the public system of French or French & Arabic schools. Students clutching wooden tablets with carved verses are common all over the city, though teacher salaries are controversially funded by young pupils asking for change on the street. There are movements to stop students from panhandling every so often, but the national population is so young it seems like the government feels any system that can look after a portion of the youth can fund itself however it needs to.

Many people here have described Islam to me -especially in conversations about my Jewish heritage- as a religion of peace. Fundamentally, Judaism and Islam seem more like legal frameworks that a culture has sprung up around, though I identify more with the cultural pieces than doctrine. That said, the way Islam is practiced by more of the Senegalese I know offers deep kinship and ritual throughout the day.

[senegalsbrotherhoods]

Who Are the Mourides?

The second largest brotherhood in Senegal is the Mouride Brotherhood which was founded by Cheikh Amadou Bamba Mbacké in 1883 (Gifford, 2016). They are one of two largest Sufi brotherhoods in Senegal.The city of Touba, the capital holy city for Muslims of the Mouride brotherhood and the home of the Great Mosque of Touba, was founded in 1887 by Cheikh Amadou Bamba Mbacké (Ross, 2011). Touba is the second largest city in Senegal with the second largest population (Foley & Babou, 2011). In Senegal, brotherhoods and their practices are also important in politics and economics (Gemmeke, 2009). The Mourides are also believed to have great power and control over the economics and politics in the country (Gemmeke, 2009).

Bobst, C. (2014). “The Sufi Brotherhoods of Senegal”. [Photograph Journal]. Retrieved from https://phmuseum.com/projects/the-sufi-brotherhoods-of-senegal 

Foley, E. E., & Babou, C. A. (2011). DIASPORA, FAITH, AND SCIENCE: BUILDING A MOURIDE HOSPITAL IN SENEGAL. African Affairs (London), 110(438), 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adq063 

Gemmeke, A. B. (2009). Marabout Women in Dakar: Creating Authority in Islamic Knowledge. Africa (London. 1928), 79(1), 128–147. https://doi.org/10.3366/E0001972008000648 

Gifford, P. (2016). Religion in Contemporary Senegal. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 31(2), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2016.1152684 

 Ross, E. (2011). Globalising Touba: Expatriate Disciples in the World City Network. Urban Studies (Edinburgh, Scotland), 48(14), 2929–2952. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098010391300

[amaderislamitv]

বর্তমান শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থা || শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন নতুন ওয়াজ || Shaikh Jamal Uddin New Waz || bangla waz

Shaikh Jamal Uddin, Shaikh Jamal Uddin New Waz 2023, Shaikh Jamal Uddin Waz, Shaikh Jamal Uddin New Waz, shaikh jamal uddin,bangla waz, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন এর ওয়াজ, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন নতুন ওয়াজ, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন ২০২৩, শাইখ জামাল উদ্দীন ২০২৪, আল্লামা শাইখ জামাল উদ্দিন, মাওলানা শাইখ জামাল উদ্দিন

[swldx]

BBC 0436 25 Mar 2024

12095Khz 0359 25 MAR 2024 - BBC (UNITED KINGDOM) in ENGLISH from TALATA VOLONONDRY. SINPO = 55333. English, ID@0359z pips and newsroom preview. @0401z World News anchored by Neil Nunes. Opposition leader Bassirou Diomaye Faye has emerged as favourite to win Senegal's presidential election, after several rivals conceded. Millions took part in a peaceful vote on Sunday, following three years of turbulence and opposition protests against the incumbent, Macky Sall. Voters had a choice of 19 candidates. However, the ruling coalition's choice, Amadou Ba, rejected reports of defeat and said he expected to contest a run-off vote to decide a winner. Russia has charged four men it says attacked a Moscow concert hall and killed at least 137 people. Three were marched bent double into a Moscow court while the fourth was in a wheelchair. All were charged with committing an act of terrorism. The Islamic State group, or IS, said it carried out Friday's outrage at Crocus City Hall, and posted video. Russian officials have claimed, without evidence, Ukrainian involvement. Kyiv says the claim is "absurd". The deadline for former President Donald Trump to post more than $450 million in an appeal bond is Monday. Trump’s lawyers filed a motion telling the court he does not have the funds. New York Attorney General Letitia James said she will ask the court to seize his assets if he does not pay. The United Nations agency for Palestinian refugees, UNRWA, said on Sunday that Israel had definitively barred it from making aid deliveries in northern Gaza, where the threat of famine is highest. “Despite the tragedy unfolding under our watch, the Israeli Authorities informed the UN that they will no longer approve any UNRWA food convoys to the north,” Philippe Lazzarini, the head of the agency, said. “This is outrageous & makes it intentional to obstruct lifesaving assistance during a man made famine.” Israel has accused Unrwa staff members of participating in the 7 October attack and called the agency “a front for Hamas”. In Japan, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has decided as president of the Liberal Democratic Party to interview four LDP members who appear to bear a particularly heavy responsibility for an ongoing political funding scandal. More resignations expected. The Home Office is launching social media adverts to deter Vietnamese nationals from travelling to the UK illegally in small boats. According to the government, an increasing number of migrants arriving illegally in the UK via the Channel are from Vietnam. New ads, building on similar ones already used in Albania, will be written in Vietnamese and feature testimonies from people who were misled by the claims of people smuggling gangs. Some physicists have long suspected that mysterious 'ghost' particles in the world around us could greatly advance our understanding of the true nature of the Universe. Europe's centre for particle research, CERN, has approved an experiment designed to find evidence for them. The new instrument will be a thousand times more sensitive to such particles than previous devices. @0406z "The Newsroom" begins. Backyard fence antenna w/MFJ-1020C active antenna (used as a preamplifier/preselector), Etón e1XM. 250kW, beamAz 315°, bearing 63°. Received at Plymouth, MN, United States, 15359KM from transmitter at Talata Volonondry. Local time: 2259.

[jadonsgf]

MY BROTHER IN ISLAM AMAD DIALLOOOOO

[thxnews]

A New Dawn Post Niger Coup: Empowering Africa's Bright Future

  The deposed President and Others in Custody Should Be Treated Lawfully and with Respect

In the aftermath of the recent coup in Niger, Human Rights Watch has called for the military forces responsible to prioritize the restoration of fundamental human rights and ensure the safety and protection of the people. The coup leaders have been urged to treat the deposed president, Mohamed Bazoum, and all others in custody, including Interior Minister Hamadou Adamou Souley, lawfully and with respect while facilitating a swift transition to democratic civilian rule.  

The Overthrow and Suspension of Institutions: Events Leading to the Coup

On July 26, 2023, a group of Nigerien army officers, self-proclaiming as the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (Conseil National pour la sauveguarde de la patrie, CNSP), made a shocking announcement on national television about the overthrow of President Bazoum's government. Major-colonel Amadou Abdramane, speaking on behalf of the coup leaders, cited a deteriorating security situation and poor economic and social governance as the reasons for their actions. Consequently, the coup leaders dissolved the constitution, suspended all institutions, and closed the nation's borders.  

Pleas for Human Rights Amid Protests and Chaos

Following the coup announcement, crowds took to the streets in support of President Bazoum. In response, soldiers behind the coup fired warning shots to disperse the protests, resulting in chaos and the burning of vehicles around the headquarters of Bazoum's party, the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (Parti Nigérien pour la Democratie et le Socialisme, PNDS-Tarayya). Meanwhile, the media reported that several hundred people gathered in front of the National Assembly to express support for the coup leaders. They passionately called for Russian intervention and the departure of French troops in Niger.  

Concerns for Democracy and Human Rights

President Bazoum's whereabouts remain unclear. However, in a Twitter post on his official account on July 27, he publicly reassured that the hard-won gains of democracy would be safeguarded. The 63-year-old leader, elected in 2021 during Niger's first democratic transition since it gained independence from French colonial rule in 1960, has received backing from Western powers for supporting counterinsurgency operations in the Sahel region.   The Context of Unrest in Niger Niger has been grappling with armed Islamist attacks on its security forces and civilians since 2015. Initially concentrated in southeastern Niger by Nigeria-based groups Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP), the attacks shifted to western Niger in 2019, perpetrated by armed Islamist groups linked to Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State. Additionally, the country faces serious hazards from climate change, including floods and droughts, leading to a complex humanitarian crisis affecting about 17 percent of the population, or 4.3 million people, who require humanitarian assistance, according to the United Nations.  

A History of Military Coups in the Sahel Region

This recent coup marks the fourth in Niger's history since gaining independence. It adds to the troubling trend of military takeovers in the Sahel region and West Africa. Neighboring countries like Mali and Burkina Faso have also experienced military coups in recent years, with Chad, Guinea, and Sudan facing similar challenges in 2021.  

The Call for Respect of Human Rights

Prominent Nigerien human rights defender, Rabia Djibo Magagi, expressed hope that the new military authorities would diligently uphold human rights during these turbulent times. She emphasized that the unrest caused by the coup should not compromise the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. Consequently, Human Rights Watch has joined in urging the Nigerian military authorities to ensure the rights of all citizens, including President Bazoum and his family. Additionally, they should provide a clear timeline for the return to democratic civilian rule.   UN Human Rights Chief's Plea for Release On July 27, the UN human rights chief, Volker Türk, called for the immediate and unconditional release of President Bazoum and all arbitrarily detained members of his government and their relatives. Türk emphasized the necessity to ensure their security during these uncertain times. In this critical moment, Human Rights Watch emphasizes that the Niger coup and the new military leaders must demonstrate a commitment to respecting human rights and the rule of law. It is essential for them to safeguard the rights of all citizens while fostering a swift return to democratic governance. The eyes of the international community remain closely fixed on Niger, urging the coup leaders to act responsibly and uphold the fundamental rights and freedoms of all Nigeriens.   Sources: THX News & Human Rights Watch. Read the full article

[tawakkull]

ISLAM 101: SPIRITUALITY IN ISLAM: PART 96

In addition to serving as a residence, a zawiyais the space in which particular ceremonies or rituals are performed. Daily gathering for communal recitation of prayer and supplication, beyond the daily prayers incumbent on all Muslims, is an important aspect of Sufi practice. Since men and women are in separate orders, sessions such as these are also single-sex practices. The zawiya could be a physical space of retreat in which disciples perform dhikr (invocation, remembrance) or sama’ (a spiritual concert, or recitation of songs or poetry, sometimes accompanied by ritual dancing).

In Cairo, Egypt, the tomb and khanqahof Baybars II dates to the early 14th century C.E., and once housed several hundred Sufis. It is the oldest such complex in Cairo. The main building, which is heavily adorned, served multiple functions. Part mosque, part school, and part residential complex, it features decorative elements common in late medieval Islamic architecture, including the muqarnas decoration, a type of complicated and multilayered vaulting that gives the impression of a beehive pattern carved into the stone. Elsewhere in Egypt, the city of Tanta is an important center for the Badawi order of Sufis, named for its founder Ahmad al-Badawi, who was originally an Iraqi whose following grew in Egypt.

Like the complex founded by Baybars II, a central lodge could elevate the spiritual status or a town or city in the Islamic world. John Renard categorizes Muslim holy sites as global/universal or local/regional. Shrines to biblical patriarchs, such as the tomb associated with Abraham in Hebron in the vicinity of Jerusalem, sacralize a landscape beyond the major pilgrimage cities of Mecca and Medina. In Morocco, Idris, said to be a descendant of Muhammad and the founder of Moroccan Sufism, founded the holy city of Fez. Shi'i saints’ shrines in Qum and in Iraqi cities like Najaf continue to serve as major pilgrimage sites.

In South and Southeast Asia, many major shrines to Sufi masters, such as those of the Chishtiya order, dot a landscape in which Sufism and Hinduism have intermingled for centuries. All of these sites serve as pilgrimage sites for visitors seeking the blessing, or baraka associated with a holy site. Central to the concept of the baraka of a sacred space is that the saint’s presence may actually be felt more strongly the closer one gets to a holy site.

The city of Touba in Senegal was founded in 1887 as a holy site by Shaykh Amadou Bamba (1853-1927) after a vision. Completed in 1963, the Great Mosque of the city-shrine is founded on his burial site, and today Touba is one of the larger metropolitan areas of the country.

In keeping with Sufism’s attentiveness to the exoteric and esoteric, to the outer and inner, there is a sense of what is Real and what is Unreal. Because of the fall of Adam, a veil was put in place between humans and God. The whole universe and everything in it, in fact, are a veil. If that veil were gone, humans would be able to perceive that the only truly existing Being was God. The paradox of the veil, simply stated, is that things are not God, but God is nonetheless present in everything. Sufism is aimed at lifting the symbolic veil between the heart of the believer and the True Reality of God.

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Who is Cheikh Amadou Bamba?

Perhaps the most popular image in all of Senegal, is the portrait of Cheik Amadou Bamba (Paoletti, 2018). On our two week visit to Senegal between this May and June (2024), we witnessed his portrait across the city of Dakar especially on taxis, street walls, store walls, etc. He was a Sufi saint, poet, teacher and hero of the cultural resistance against the French colonial administration where he maintained an ‘unfazed’ approach as he continued inviting people to Allah, rather than struggling for independence. He had many names (Freedom Fighter of Senegal, Sergine Touba, wali Allah) and is widely remembered throughout Senegal and West Africa; a legacy that lives on through his family and followers (Seesemann, 2010). 

Bamba aimed to become a religious scholar and joined the Qadiriyya and Tijaniyya orders when he was young. In the 1880s, after his father's death, he became a local religious leader with a growing number of followers. Guided by a vision, he founded Touba, which would become the holy city of the Mourides. His community kept expanding, which made the French administrators nervous and see it as a threat. Despite Bamba repeatedly denying any plans for jihad, he was exiled to Gabon, where he stayed from 1895 to 1902 (Haikal, 2015). Amadou Bamba is remembered as a hero of anti-colonial resistance and a miracle worker who defied the French colonial government. He gave hope to impoverished people and former slaves, promoted the spread of Islam and the Muridiyya, and constantly wrote religious books and poetry, reportedly using seven tons of paper to produce 200 works and 222 additional Islamic poems (Haikal, 2015).  He lived from 1853 to 1927.

Bobst, C. (2014). “The Sufi Brotherhoods of Senegal”. [Photograph Journal]. Retrieved from https://phmuseum.com/projects/the-sufi-brotherhoods-of-senegal 

Haikal, K. (2015, Sep). Freedom-Fighter and Saint of Senegal: Cheikh Aḥmadou Bamba Mbacke. The Centre for Global Muslim Life. https://medium.com/ummah-wide/freedom-fighter-and-saint-of-senegal-cheikh-a%E1%B8%A5madou-bamba-mbacke-3bfdacc7986f 

Ross, E. (2011). Globalising Touba: Expatriate Disciples in the World City Network. Urban Studies (Edinburgh, Scotland), 48(14), 2929–2952. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098010391300 

Paoletti, G. (2018). Searching for the Origin(al): On the Photographic Portrait of the Mouride Sufi Saint Amadou Bamba. Cahiers d’études Africaines, 58(230 (2)), 323–348. https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.22096

Seesemann, R. (2010). Sufism in West Africa. Religion Compass, 4(10), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241