#amblyopic

[foxpunk]

i think if people knew what my vision looked like when i see anything head on instead of at a slight leftward angle, they'd praise me forever for looking at anything at all ever

[thewritingautisticat]

IDK if Peg is actually autistic but most of my characters end up autistic so y'know probably. I really just wanted to draw him as a Creature™

[booksofstars]

a brief guide on drawing amblyopic eyes

(red is the unaffected eye, staring forwards, blue is the amblyopic eye)

more below the cut, all text

now, amblyopia is a pretty wide range of eye drifting which may cause anything from very mild eye drift to extreme drifting and even blindness. typically one eye is far weaker than the other, or even technically blind due to being ignored by the brain. it often causes blurred vision and poor depth perception as well. these are the most common depictions of the most common one eyed amblyopia issues, though crossed eyes and eyes pointing in different directions appears in some as well. it can be caused by injury, but most commonly is a condition seen from birth.

i personally have extropia. i find the easiest way to properly depict amblyopia is to give the stronger eye (seen here in red, looking forward) a focus. the lazy eye typically will not be focused, no matter the direction it drifts. i should note, for some, amblyopia gets worse when tired (like me), becoming more pronounced. typically, however, it doesnt cause harmful side effects beyond stigma. head tilting, squinting, and closing one eye is a common sign.

the pupils do NOT change size. that is a concern and should be brought up as an emergency unless the patient has always displayed this and is already diagnosed with a reason as to why the pupil may be of a different size. the pupils react to light the same, but the affected eye tends not to move with the stronger eye.

[cripplecharacters]

i'm debating giving one of my OCs strabismus exotropia. the work/story is YA SFF. part of my reasoning is he's one of two characters in the group who's the Brains, his specialty being history and languages, and his magic relates to mind reading and telekinesis, and i know too often characters with eye differences are portrayed as the opposite of smart. one of his big hobbies is reading and i know strabismus can affect it bc of focus/headaches, so i thought maybe reading/being fluent in braille could help him engage in his hobby when actual reading is getting on his nerves / refer to his amblyopic eye as his "permanent side eye" as he can be quite critical of others sometimes. his personality is being smug but normally right and very sure of himself (though not without his insecurities), he's seen as a bit of a Pretty Boy (handsome), and is the youngest of his group of friends so they do look out for and protect him a bit more. is there anything else i should look out for, or any way i may be playing into tropes i'm unaware of? he's also queer (gay) and brown (pakistani coded) if that helps any provide context, and has an antagonistic bickering but genuine friendship with another boy (the other brains) that eventually develops into a romance

Hello!

In general, this sounds like a perfectly fine character concept and there's nothing about his personality/portrayal that's immediately jumping out at me. He sounds like a well rounded character, which is something I'm very glad to see!

One thing I would like to mention is that, while braille may be a useful tool for him at times, it's not likely to be a feasible solution for his day-to-day life.

Braille books aren't like regular printed books, there are quite a few differences that make them much more difficult to use:

Size:

Braille books aren't easy to carry around. With the possible exception of some smaller children's books, most are pretty thick and VERY heavy. In fact, many braille books are split up into several separate volumes for this reason.

To put the difference into perspective, let's look at The Fellowship of the Ring (The first Lord of the Rings book).

A standard printed copy generally weighs around 1.5 lbs, give or take a bit if it's a hardcover. A braille copy of the same book weighs over 15 lbs.

This printed copy has 432 pages including pages for spacing, author's notes, etc. The braille copy has 873, not including any non-text pages.

The physical dimensions of braille vs printed books also differs greatly. While a printed copy of The Fellowship of the Ring may easily fit in a small bag or even a pocket, the braille copy is around the size of a standard three ring binder (In terms of length and width at least).

This is all to say that taking a braille book with him out on the go wouldn't exactly be a simple task and, because of how braille is read, reading on the bus or on a park bench or anywhere that isn't a flat surface without disruption wouldn't be a possibility.

Cost:

Aside from the problems with physically reading and using braille books, it's also very difficult to acquire them in the first place. Braille books are EXPENSIVE.

Depending on the availability of the book, the size, and the popularity, a single braille novel can go for anywhere from 50$ to well over 300$ (In Canadian dollars).

The hardcover printed copy of The Fellowship of the Ring mentioned before costs around 25$ (Again, in Canadian dollars). The braille version ranges from around 150$ to 225$ depending on the type of braille.

And if your character wants to request a less popular book, it can still be pretty expensive. There's a wide range of factors that can affect the cost and it varies so wildly that it's hard to get a reliable estimate but they could be looking at anywhere between 5$ - 50$ per page.

Although some libraries may have braille books and there are several virtual libraries for the blind with braille books, it can still get very pricey for them to build up their own collection.

Availability:

In part because of this cost, there is a very low availability of braille titles compared to printed titles.

If your character is into more popular books like Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings, or some of the classics, they'll have little issues finding a copy.

Beyond that, unfortunately, they'd be out of luck. If a book isn't incredibly well known, it's a very slim chance of there being a braille version. Likewise, there's also very low chances of finding more recent releases.

Even one of my old favourites, The Perks of Being a Wallflower -- which was written around ten years ago and is fairly popular, doesn't have any braille copies.

While it is possible to get a book printed in braille for yourself, the costs of it can get quite high (As shown above) and it's not generally an option that people go for.

Durability:

The last point I want to make is that braille books don't last as long as printed books. Although braille is read with a light touch, the braille does get worn down over time.

Library books in particular are an unfortunate victim to this. Because so many different people are borrowing the books, they often get worn down much quicker. This can be because of new braille readers using a harsher touch when reading or it could be because of improper storage, either from the readers or from the library itself. It's less likely that somebody will notice when the braille is worn down.

The braille itself isn't the only concern. A lot of braille books are bound differently than printed books are and often use plastic for the bindings, which requires more care than the usual bindings of printed books. I've included an example of what a braille book may look like below.

[Image Description: A braille copy of The Fellowship of the Ring. It is open to a tactile map of Middle Earth. The binding is made of small, circular pieces of plastic, similar to a notebook of sorts. End ID.]

Now, this all isn't to say that he can't use braille books -- these are just some things to consider. And if you do choose to go in a different direction, may I suggest audio books?

Audio books have a wider availability than braille books do and are much less costly. There's also the added benefit of being able to take them pretty much everywhere with you, as long as you have one or two downloaded to your phone.

You could also go with having a balance of the two. Maybe your character uses audio books with his headphones or earbuds during the day and reads his braille books at home so he can give his ears a break from his headphones/earbuds.

Another option is large print books or e-books that allow you to adjust the font size, which could make it easier for your character to read them. There are also other strategies that he could use when reading regular printed books, such as covering an eye or using a bookmark to sort of box in the lines as he reads.

As one quick final note: Reading braille is actual reading! Braille is just another language with a different -- not lesser! -- method of reading it.

Hopefully some of this information helps! If you're interested in knowing more about the specifics of braille books, Blind In Mind's Braille Bookstore has a lot of great resources and their copy of The Fellowship of the Ring is the one I've been referencing.

Cheers,

~ Mod Icarus

[ilovedirt]

I'd appreciate if you gave this a share 🖤

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 2, 2024

Amblyopic stereo vision is efficient but noisy. Alarcon Carrillo, S., Hess, R. F., Mao, Y., Zhou, J., & Baldwin, A. S. (2023). Vision Research, 210, 108267.

When knowledge hurts: humans are willing to receive pain for obtaining non-instrumental information. Bode, S., Sun, X., Jiwa, M., Cooper, P. S., Chong, T. T.-J., & Egorova-Brumley, N. (2023). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 290 (2002).

Active inductive inference in children and adults: A constructivist perspective. Bramley, N. R., & Xu, F. (2023). Cognition, 238, 105471.

Normative and mechanistic model of an adaptive circuit for efficient encoding and feature extraction. Chapochnikov, N. M., Pehlevan, C., & Chklovskii, D. B. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(29), e2117484120.

Having multiple selves helps learning agents explore and adapt in complex changing worlds. Dulberg, Z., Dubey, R., Berwian, I. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(28), e2221180120.

The perception of silence. Goh, R. Z., Phillips, I. B., & Firestone, C. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(29), e2301463120.

Statistical learning across passive listening adjusts perceptual weights of speech input dimensions. Hodson, A. J., Shinn-Cunningham, B. G., & Holt, L. L. (2023). Cognition, 238, 105473.

Acetylcholine‐sensitive control of long‐term synaptic potentiation in hippocampal CA3 neurons. Kassab, R. (2023). Hippocampus, 33(8), 948–969.

Learning the Vector Coding of Egocentric Boundary Cells from Visual Data. Lian, Y., Williams, S., Alexander, A. S., Hasselmo, M. E., & Burkitt, A. N. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(28), 5180–5190.

Blocking D2/D3 dopamine receptors in male participants increases volatility of beliefs when learning to trust others. Mikus, N., Eisenegger, C., Mathys, C., Clark, L., Müller, U., Robbins, T. W., … Naef, M. (2023). Nature Communications, 14, 4049.

Flexible specificity of memory in Drosophila depends on a comparison between choices. Modi, M. N., Rajagopalan, A. E., Rouault, H., Aso, Y., & Turner, G. C. (2023). eLife, 12, e80923.

Memory and attention: A double dissociation between memory encoding and memory retrieval. Mulligan, N. W., Spataro, P., & West, J. T. (2023). Cognition, 238, 105509.

A functional logic for neurotransmitter corelease in the cholinergic forebrain pathway. Nair, A., Teo, Y. Y., Augustine, G. J., & Graf, M. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(28), e2218830120.

On the Functional Role of Gamma Synchronization in the Retinogeniculate System of the Cat. Neuenschwander, S., Rosso, G., Branco, N., Freitag, F., Tehovnik, E. J., Schmidt, K. E., & Baron, J. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(28), 5204–5220.

From Motivation to Action: Action Cost Better Predicts Changes in Premovement Beta-Band Activity than Speed. Pierrieau, E., Berret, B., Lepage, J.-F., & Bernier, P.-M. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(28), 5264–5275.

Circuit coordination of opposing neuropeptide and neurotransmitter signals. Soden, M. E., Yee, J. X., & Zweifel, L. S. (2023). Nature, 619(7969), 332–337.

Reinforcement learning establishes a minimal metacognitive process to monitor and control motor learning performance. Sugiyama, T., Schweighofer, N., & Izawa, J. (2023). Nature Communications, 14, 3988.

Natural statistics support a rational account of confidence biases. Webb, T. W., Miyoshi, K., So, T. Y., Rajananda, S., & Lau, H. (2023). Nature Communications, 14, 3992.

Subspace partitioning in the human prefrontal cortex resolves cognitive interference. Weber, J., Iwama, G., Solbakk, A.-K., Blenkmann, A. O., Larsson, P. G., Ivanovic, J., … Helfrich, R. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(28), e2220523120.

Trait anxiety is associated with hidden state inference during aversive reversal learning. Zika, O., Wiech, K., Reinecke, A., Browning, M., & Schuck, N. W. (2023). Nature Communications, 14, 4203.

[omo321]

sometimes I remember other people aren't amblyopic and see everything in 3d at all times. how odd

[hyperthinks]

mithrun dungeonmeshi is so awesome because like. ok. AS SOMEONE WITH A LAZY EYE i do very much enjoy comedic-relief characters with lazy eyes (i.e. the one little horse from my little pony) BUT it is very nice to see a character who is not relegated to comedic-relief for a change. also yes i am aware he’s blind in that eye and it’s not a ““real lazy eye”” idgaf. i’m giving him the amblyopic medal of honor regardless

[rosemage]

PSYCHOTIC BIPOLAR AND AUTISTIC

DISSOCIATIVE AND ANOREXIC

OBSESSIVE PERSONALITY, NARCISSISTIC, SCHIZOPHRENIC

COMPLEX POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS, NEUROTIC,

REDHAIRED BLUE EYED AMBLYOPIC

ANOMOLY OF DIAGNOSES AND RESULT OF FUCKED GENETICS

NOT EVEN HINDSIGHT IS 20/20

I LIVE A LIFE OF DOUBLE VISION

(Feb 19 @nosebleedclub prompt "unclouded vision")

[finlaure13]

I’ve just started selling my hats on eBay. So if you know any hat lovers and like to support Tumblr artists and craftspeople, check them out. I hope to add to it weekly. Canadian made, by an amblyopic seamstress who has worn hats since I was probably four years old when my mother told me how terrific I looked in a little striped engineer hat.

[lazyeyetreatment]

Empowering Vision: Comprehensive Approaches to Treating Lazy Eye (Amblyopia) in Adults

Lazy eye, medically known as amblyopia, is a condition that affects vision development in one eye, leading to reduced eyesight. Often associated with childhood, it’s a misconception that lazy eye only impacts children. However, it can persist into adulthood, requiring appropriate treatment. In this blog post, we’ll delve into effective lazy eye treatment for adults, focusing on remedies and strategies that can aid in enhancing vision and quality of life.

Understanding Lazy Eye in Adults:

Contrary to popular belief, lazy eye isn’t exclusive to childhood. It can also manifest in adulthood due to various factors such as untreated childhood amblyopia, ocular misalignment (strabismus), or other visual impairments. Adults with lazy eye might experience reduced vision in one eye, poor depth perception, or difficulty focusing.

Lazy Eye Treatment for Adults:

Vision Therapy: Vision therapy involves a series of eye exercises and activities aimed at improving visual acuity and correcting ocular issues. Through personalized sessions, a trained therapist helps strengthen the eye-brain connection, aiding in better coordination and visual processing.

Patching or Occlusion Therapy: Patching the stronger eye to encourage the weaker eye to work more actively is a common method. It helps stimulate the brain to rely more on the amblyopic eye, thereby improving its visual strength over time.

Corrective Lenses: Prescription glasses or contact lenses can aid in correcting refractive errors and visual acuity issues, allowing the amblyopic eye to receive clearer images.

Computer Vision Syndrome (Digital Eye Strain) Management: Adults often spend prolonged periods on digital devices, leading to Computer Vision Syndrome. Managing screen time, taking breaks, using blue light filters, and maintaining ergonomic workstations can alleviate strain and support overall eye health.

Squint Eye Treatment: Strabismus, commonly known as squint or crossed eyes, often coexists with lazy eye. Squint eye Treatment may involve corrective lenses, eye exercises, or in severe cases, surgical correction to align the eyes properly.

Effective Strategies for Lazy Eye Management in Adults:

Regular Eye Exams: Scheduled eye examinations help in early detection and timely intervention, ensuring appropriate management of lazy eye and related conditions.

Lifestyle Changes: Adequate sleep, a balanced diet rich in eye-healthy nutrients, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can contribute to overall eye wellness.

Consistency in Treatment: Adhering to prescribed Lazy eye treatments consistently is crucial for effective results. Patience and dedication are key in overcoming lazy eye in adults.

Conclusion:

Lazy eye in adults can significantly impact daily life and overall vision. However, with targeted treatments such as vision therapy, occlusion therapy, corrective lenses, and lifestyle adjustments, significant improvements are achievable. It’s essential for adults experiencing lazy eye symptoms to seek professional guidance from ophthalmologists or optometrists for a tailored treatment plan. Through dedication and appropriate interventions, individuals can enhance their visual acuity and improve their quality of life significantly.

[rebeccaoptical2]

Understanding Amblyopia: The Hidden Vision Disorder

Introduction

It commonly known as “lazy eye,” is a vision disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is often misunderstood and underdiagnosed, but it can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life if left untreated. In this blog post, we will explore what amblyopia is, its causes, symptoms, and the available treatment options.

What Is Amblyopia?

It is a visual disorder in which one eye does not develop normal vision during early childhood. It is not a problem with the eye itself but rather a problem with the brain’s ability to process visual information from that eye. In essence, the brain favors one eye over the other, leading to poor vision in the weaker eye.

Causes of Amblyopia

There are several common causes of amblyopia:

1. Strabismus: Strabismus, or misalignment of the eyes, is one of the leading causes of amblyopia. When the eyes do not align properly, the brain may suppress the image from one eye to avoid double vision.

2. Refractive Errors: Significant differences in the refractive errors (such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism) between the two eyes can result in amblyopia. The brain may prefer the eye with better focus, neglecting the other eye.

3. Deprivation Amblyopia: This type of amblyopia occurs when there is an obstruction in the visual pathway, like a congenital cataract or a drooping eyelid, which prevents the eye from receiving clear images.

Symptoms of Amblyopia

It often develops in early childhood, and symptoms may not be immediately apparent. Be vigilant for a range of typical indicators, including: 1. Poor depth perception. 2. Squinting or closing one eye. 3. Difficulty with activities requiring good binocular vision, such as sports or certain hobbies. 4. An eye turn, where one eye may appear to wander or cross. Diagnosis

It can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. An eye care professional will evaluate the visual acuity in each eye, assess eye alignment, and may perform additional tests to determine the cause and severity of amblyopia.

Treatment Options

The sooner amblyopia is identified and addressed, the higher the likelihood of a favorable result. Treatment options may include:

1. Patching: Patching the stronger eye to encourage the use of the weaker eye is a common treatment. This forces the brain to rely on the amblyopic eye and can help improve vision over time.

2. Atropine Drops: In some cases, atropine eye drops can be used in place of patching. These drops blur the vision in the stronger eye, similarly encouraging the use of the amblyopic eye.

3. Corrective Lenses: Wearing glasses to correct refractive errors in the amblyopic eye can be an effective treatment method.

4. Vision Therapy: Vision therapy exercises can help improve eye coordination and visual processing skills.

5. Surgery: In cases of deprivation amblyopia, surgery may be necessary to remove the obstruction in the visual pathway.

Conclusion

Amblyopia, often referred to as “lazy eye,” is a common vision disorder that affects many children and adults. Timely identification and intervention are essential for achieving positive results. If you suspect that you or a loved one may have amblyopia, consult with an eye care professional to determine the most suitable treatment plan. By addressing amblyopia promptly, you can significantly improve visual outcomes and enhance the overall quality of life.

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[rnomics]

Life, Vol. 13, Pages 2068: Novel #tRNA Gene Rearrangements in the Mitochondrial Genomes of Poneroid Ants and Phylogenetic Implication of Paraponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Ants (Formicidae) are the most diverse eusocial insects in Hymenoptera, distributed across 17 extant subfamilies grouped into 3 major clades, the Formicoid, Leptanilloid, and Poneroid. While the mitogenomes of Formicoid ants have been well studied, there is a lack of published data on the mitogenomes of Poneroid ants, which requires further characterization. In this study, we first present three complete mitogenomes of Poneroid ants: Paraponera clavata, the only extant species from the subfamily Paraponerinae, and two species (Harpegnathos venator and Buniapone amblyops) from the Ponerinae subfamily. Notable novel gene rearrangements were observed in the new mitogenomes, located in the gene blocks CR-trnM-trnI-trnQ-ND2, COX1-trnK-trnD-ATP8, and ND3-trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF-ND5. We reported the duplication of #tRNA genes for the first time in Formicidae. An extra trnQ gene was identified in H. venator. These gene rearrangements could be explained by the tandem duplication/random loss (TDRL) model and the slipped-strand mispairing model. Additionally, one large duplicated region containing tandem repeats was identified in the control region of P. clavata. Phylogenetic analyses based on protein-coding genes and #rRNA genes via maximum likelihood and Bayes methods supported the monophyly of the Poneroid clade and the sister group relationship between the subfamilies Paraponerinae and Amblyoponinae. However, caution is advised in interpreting the positions of Paraponerinae due to the potential artifact of long-branch attraction. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/10/2068?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr

[booksofstars]

love when people push body positivity then turn around and insult disabled people bc their disability makes them ugly. golly gee im sooo happy right now. i cant even put my own fucking disability in my art because its so widely mocked and played as shorthand for being stupid and ugly. fuck you. i cant even reflect how i actually look in my sonas because im so afraid of being mocked and made fun of.

for any of you willing to fucking learn and try and be better, i have an amblyopia drawing guide (the disability in question). its linked below. im so fucking tired of seeing my own fucking appearance reflected back at me by literally all media and so many fucking people as ugly and stupid.

it makes me want to fucking quit art and leave. im so tired of this shit.

[gaboninfoslive]

Entre célébration de la Journée Internationale de la Canne Blanche et reprise des activités, l'ANAG plus déterminée que jamais

C’est en marge de la célébration de la Journée Internationale de la Canne Blanche du 15 octobre 2023 que, l’Association Nationale des Aveugles et Amblyopes du Gabon (ANAG) a effectuée le samedi 14 octobre 2023, sa rentrée officielle pour le compte de l’année 2023 – 2024 à son siège sis au quartier Nzeng-Ayong dans le Sixième arrondissement de la commune de Libreville. Un événement marqué par la…

[eyevision]

Effective Amblyopia Treatments for Adults: Overcoming Lazy Eye

Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, is a visual disorder that affects both children and adults. While amblyopia is often associated with childhood, it can persist into adulthood if left untreated. However, there is hope for adults with amblyopia, as various lazy eye treatment options can help improve vision and mitigate the effects of this condition. In this article, we will explore effective amblyopia treatment specifically tailored for adults.

Vision Therapy:

Vision therapy is a non-invasive treatment that focuses on improving visual abilities and strengthening the eye-brain connection. Through a series of exercises and activities, adults with amblyopia can retrain their visual system to enhance eye coordination, depth perception, and visual acuity. Vision therapy sessions are typically conducted under the guidance of a trained optometrist and may include activities such as eye patching, binocular exercises, and computer-based visual exercises.

Eye Patching and Atropine Eye Drops:

Similar to the treatment methods used for children, eye patching and atropine eye drops can be effective in treating amblyopia in adults. Eye patching involves covering the stronger eye to force the amblyopic eye to work harder and strengthen its visual abilities. Atropine eye drops are used to blur vision in the stronger eye temporarily, encouraging the amblyopic eye to take over and improve its functionality. These methods require consistency and adherence to a prescribed schedule to achieve the desired results.

Prism Eyeglasses:

Prism eyeglasses can be a valuable tool for adults with amblyopia, as they help align the visual input and improve binocular vision. By incorporating prisms into eyeglass lenses, the images seen by both eyes are properly aligned, reducing eye strain and improving overall visual perception. Prism eyeglasses are customized to the individual's specific needs and are often prescribed by an optometrist after a comprehensive eye examination.

Computer-based Vision Training Programs:

Advancements in technology have paved the way for computer-based vision training programs that specifically target amblyopia in adults. These programs utilize interactive exercises, visual stimuli, and adaptive algorithms to stimulate and challenge the visual system. Adults can engage in these programs from the comfort of their homes, following a personalized treatment plan designed to improve their amblyopic eye's visual capabilities.

Neurofeedback and Virtual Reality:

Cutting-edge techniques such as neurofeedback and virtual reality are showing promise in the treatment of amblyopia in adults. Neurofeedback involves real-time monitoring of brainwave activity and providing feedback to the individual to enhance self-regulation and optimize visual processing. Virtual reality systems create immersive environments that challenge the amblyopic eye and encourage visual improvement through interactive experiences.

Conclusion:

While amblyopia may have been considered a condition limited to childhood, adults are also seeking how to get rid of lazy eye. Through vision therapy, eye patching, atropine eye drops, prism eyeglasses, computer-based training programs, neurofeedback, and virtual reality, adults with amblyopia have a range of treatment options available to enhance their vision and quality of life. It is crucial for individuals to consult with eye care professionals to determine the most suitable treatment plan based on their specific needs. By taking proactive steps, adults can overcome amblyopia and achieve improved visual function and clarity.

Remember, persistence and consistency are key when it comes to amblyopia treatments in adults. By embracing these treatments and working closely with eye care professionals, individuals can make significant strides towards reclaiming their visual potential and living a fulfilling life with improved vision.