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miekasa · 4 years ago

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do you have any cute (or h-word) bf headcanons for the Aot boys mie?

Of course I do, I have an ever-expanding list of headcanons for all of them, from how they react to you sitting in the backseat when they pick you up, down to whether or not they would rip your bandages off after your get a shot (spoiler: Eren, Porco, and Levi fucking would)

EREN sfw

He really likes holding hands, though it’s more of a calming habit for him. Holding hands keeps him grounded, and acts as an anchor for his anxiety; so he’ll grab and/or fidget with yours periodically.

He’ll steal your skincare if he’s over at your place, but honestly he just starts… copying it lmfao. Like, he’ll take notice of your face wash when he’s over he’s like “Oh, this is nice” and then a week later, he buys a bottle for himself. Then he buys your toner, and your moisturizer, and you stay over at his place and gotta do a double take bc he’s got damn near the same of everything at this point.

He doesn’t know if he believes that classical music actually helps him to concentrate, but he does know that he’s grown to like it, so it’s become his studying music of choice. He’s got favorite composers and everything.

He’d be upset if you didn’t steal his hoodies. That’s what they’re there for. He’ll make you steal them if he has to.

He hates standing in line. For anything. If he likes a restaurant that gets super busy at lunch, he’ll order ahead for pickup (and he feels special skipping the line). At amusement parks, he pays for the fast passes. If it’s shopping, then he’d rather just do it online.

On that note, he sucks at returning things that don’t fit/he doesn’t like when he shops online, so he honestly just keeps them, or gives them to his friends—it’s much easier than going through the hassle of printing a return label, according to him.

nsfw

He likes the idea of recording you guys during sex, but he’s honestly a little too nervous to do it—nervous about being recorded himself, and about it potentially getting out somewhere.

Likes it when you look him in the eyes when you cum. In fact, he somewhat demands it.

Similarly, he’s always watching you during sex. Mostly your face, for indications of how he’s making you feel and when you’re close to your orgasm (which is why he’s got a thing for you looking at him).

He used to hate masturbating, until he tried masturbating to the idea of you, and now he fucking loves that. He takes his time with it too—if he’s gonna jack off, he’s gonna make a moment of it: sit on his bed, turn the lights off, make sure he’s all alone and can go for as long as he wants.

Threesomes are fine with him, and he doesn’t even have to be the sole one in charge, depending on who’s joining you.

ARMIN sfw

He air-dries the majority of his clothes because he doesn’t want his sweaters and knitwear to shrink. Also, he likes the smell of his fabric softener permeating the room while the clothes dry.

On a similar note, he’s got sensitive skin—not to the point where a shirt less than 75% cotton irritates him; but he is conscious of fabrics and products he uses. Because of this, he takes extra care with his laundry, his pillowcases and bedsheets are satin as are the majority of his pajama shirts, and he never ever walks around without house slippers or he’ll irritate the bottom of his feet.

He’s scared of bugs, but he doesn’t like to kill them either. Honestly, he just kinda hopes spiders and stuff will crawl away without him intervening 😭😭

He likes board games, and has a thing for The Game of Life. He cannot play chess, even though most people would guess that he could, and he’s begun to practice by playing online versions against computers to learn.

He knows everyone’s gossip because everyone comes to him to gossip. And if he’s the therapist friend, then you’re the person who receives the summary of all the tea from him at the end of the week. And man can this boy throw a bitch fest when he’s in the right mood.

nsfw

He’s got a bit of an oral fixation, so he really likes having your mouth occupied; with his fingers, with your panties, with his dick—he’s not really picky.

Likes sex with the lights on. Claims it’s because he wants to “see all of you” (it’s really because he’s nervous he’ll fuck something up if he can’t see properly 😭😭)

He really likes making out. Like, a lot. Though it’s not something that happens often—so he builds up a lot of frustrating thinking about it, and it all comes crashing down, and ends up with you guys damn near dry humping each other on the couch for two hours.

That’s something that applies to him generally, too—he tends to let himself get very frustrated and worked up, whether he means to or not. He also thinks about sex quite frequently, and it only fuels his frustration; so when he snaps, he snaps hard.

He’d let you choke him back if you asked. Just ask nicely.

JEAN sfw

Loves studying in cafés and adores when you study with him; peeps up at you periodically when you sit across from him. He always pays for your drink, but sometimes you guys share, and he likes making a game out of reaching for the cup at the same time as you.

He’s very chivalrous, but he hates when you call him out for it, or make any kind of deal of it. He knows it’s chivalry, but he also knows it’s the bare minimum, plus he’s easily embarrassed—especially in public.

Loves having his hair played with, absolutely adores it. If you’re just holding his face, or resting your hand on his cheek, he’ll move himself further into your touch to maneuver your palm closer to his hair.

He really really really likes back hugs—giving and receiving them. If he’s standing behind you, he’ll most likely reach for a hug at some point (sometimes he won’t let go and you’ve gotta waddle with him on you). His ears get red when you give him a back hug but he always uses a hand to rest over your arms to tell you that he doesn’t want you to let go.

He can play the piano, but he doesn’t tell a soul about it. The only reason you found out it through his mom. He’s got stage fright, so he gave up on performing, but he’s really talented, and can almost play any song by ear.

nsfw

He loves the feeling of your hands on him, particularly if you’ve got long nails. Please scrape your nails against his back, or even just dig them into his biceps while he’s fucking you, it’ll drive him insane.

Along with liking having his hair played with, he adores having it pulled on—the attention and desperation in your actions goes straight to his ego and his dick.

One of his biggest fantasies is getting a lap dance from you. He’d never ever fucking say it out loud or dream of asking for it, but the idea of you stripping in front of him, down to lingerie he’d picked out for you, and teasing him until he can’t take it anymore and jumps you is something he thinks about… far more often than he should.

If you’re wearing his clothes (especially one of his t-shirts to bed, or around his apartment), he’s gonna fuck you in it. Jean has a lot of self control, but that’s one thing that’ll make him snap in an instant. And if you wear his shirt or hoodie out, he’s fucking you when you get home, it’s as simple as that.

CONNIE sfw

He studies with children’s shows playing the background. He doesn’t remember how he discovered that his method works for him, all he knows is that something about Paw Patrol makes for excellent background noise for writing his research papers.

He’s quite touchy with PDA, but if you guys are in a crowd then forget about it—because Connie might forget about you. He’s definitely left you at the grocery store before.

He eats cereal for breakfast every morning, and he’s kind of got a collection of them in his kitchen. He claims there are upscale cereals that he doesn’t just let anybody eat or even touch; so, if he offers you a midnight snack consisting of a bowl of his favorite (and very rare) cereal, then be honored.

He almost always pays with cash, but he hates change. If he gets back coins, he either tells the cashier to keep them, puts them in a tip jar if there’s one in sight, or just pours them into your coat pocket. He understands that its money, but he’ll be damned if he’s just got a sack full of nickels clanging around in his bag.

nsfw

He claims he doesn’t have a thing for exhibitionism, but with the way he’s down to fuck damn near anywhere, he might be a bold faced liar. Changing rooms, music festivals, airport bathrooms, the little corner of the multilevel parking lot that he’s oh-so-certain is in the blindspot of the security cameras... there are so few things off-limits with him.

Car sex on his bucket list… just not in his car lmfao (because trust and believe that’s something that already happens pretty regularly). Maybe his real kink is vandalism and destruction of property.

He is not above begging you to sit on his face. He will get on his knees and pant like a fucking dog for you to do it, he’s so serious. He’ll do it laying down, he’ll do it with you standing up/against a wall, he’ll do it on the couch. Break his neck please he’s fucking asking for it.

He doesn’t mind sharing and he definitely doesn’t mind watching. Honestly, he’d egg you on to kiss someone else at a party, or go as far as to seduce you into seducing someone else just so he can watch it go down.

PORCO sfw

He sends you iMessage games but only the ones he’s good at because he doesn’t like to lose. But also, if he is losing, he doesn’t want you to be supportive about it and tell him “it’s okay uwu” lmfao he wants to either cream you, or have you kick his ass; competition is the name of the game, don’t be soft on him.

He’s a morning person, and he likes going on runs or even just early-morning walks when the weather is nice. He will wake you up occasionally to join him—and if you’re a homebody, you will be joining him. He won’t be responsible for watching you decompose on the couch.

Very picky about his pizza. It’s not a calorie or grease or health thing—he just really fucking likes pizza, and he won’t excuse a bad slice.

Always pulls you closer to him in a crowd or when a group of people are walking by. He doesn’t have to, but he likes to. Tease him about it and he’ll push you right back tho, probably into a shrub if there’s one near by.

nsfw

He’s such a “No, no—answer the call” kind of mf; a sadist, if you will. He lives for torturing and embarrassing you, and that applies to sex, too.

Loves the way his hands look on you, particularly splaying his hand over your stomach when he’s fucking you. Likes the heat of your body against his, when he positions himself just right to feel the outline of his dick against you, and squeezing the sides of your tummy when he gets lost in it.

Loves blowjobs, and loves to cum on you or over your face. His favorite thing tho is pulling away just before he’s about to orgasm, and jacking himself off with your tongue sticking out, ready to swallow.

Okay with threesomes, too; but he wouldn’t like to do much to or with the third person. It’s okay if they touch you—maybe even fuck you, depending on who it is—but he’s not there to get them off.

LEVI

sfw

When he cooks dinner, he always makes sure to make enough for you to have leftovers to take with you for lunch the following day. Especially if it’s a dish you’ve been wanting or try, or specifically asked him to cook.

He’s got a specific tote bag he brings with him to the grocery store/farmer’s market, and separate one for when he’s running other light errands.

He hates soda, not even just because it’s not the healthiest thing to drink—he just doesn’t like the feel of carbonated drinks; the only exception being when they’re mixed with liquor, but even then, it’s not his preference.

After a while, he just starts lying and says you’re married at places where it benefits you both, or to curb a longer conversation about the status of your relationship to people who are inquiring. He thinks it’s fucking weird that marriage is what shuts people up, but if it works, it works; less people prying in your guys’ business.

He likes giving you forehead kisses, and if you do it back, he’ll learn that he doesn’t mind receiving them either.

He’s such a sucker for you rubbing your thumb against the back of his hand when you guys hold hands. He might not act like he notices, but he always does; and somewhat craves little touches like that the longer you guys are together.

nsfw

He would never admit it to anyone, but birthday sex is up there for his favorite kind of sex. He never cared much about his birthday… until he realized he could get that as a gift. He knows it’s not different, but he likes it, nonetheless; one the few times he doesn’t mind having all the attention on him.

King of aftercare, though some of his methods usually lead to another round—in which he teases you for cancelling out his work, when you know he was just as willing and eager.

He likes edging himself and overstimulating you; and with his self-control, that makes for a pretty dangerous combination.

He’s strong and he knows how to use it to his advantage: maneuvering you with a single arm, holding both your wrists above your head with one hand, pushing your head down into the sheets when he’s fucking you from behind.

Sex is one of the few times Levi doesn’t mind making a mess—and in fact, he likes it messy; watching you drip onto the sheets, making you spit on his dick and fucking your face until you drool. He always goes on about how sloppy you are, how you can’t keep anything clean, but he fucking loves it.

#anonymous #i love writing but i hate tagging things here we go #eren x reader #aot x reader #levi x reader #armin x reader #porco galliard x reader #jean x reader #jean kirstein x reader #connie springer x reader #eren smut #levi smut #eren yeager x reader #alright that's enough

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bakemeats · 5 years ago

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Houseki no Kuni Encyclopedia Translations, part 1/?

hey all!! i’m going to share some of my translations of the encyclopedia since the translations going around right now are quite rough. This post includes information about the gems as a species, as well as information about their winter clothing! I did not include the foreword; I may translate this at a later date, but I was most interested in the information directly related to the gems. Images are not included because I don’t want to infringe any copyrights!!

GEMS

----- “Y-3579203181277's native inorganic crystal life form. They're one of the planet's larger species, standing at 150cm tall. Due to harvesting by the invading Lunarians, their numbers can fluctuate at a moment’s notice, but ordinarily, around 26 individuals exist together. Their crystals are generated deep within the earth, and they are borne out of a cliff on a sandy cape at a frequency of every hundred to a thousand years. The illustration on the left depicts the appearance at the time of birth. After being born, Kongou (see page 64) refines them into a uniform shape, and they are given the moniker of "Gem." They have no sex, and lack any reproductive function. They can produce sound using vibrations from their oral cavity, and communicate via speech. Each individual crystal life form's body has its own color, but in order to prevent surface erosion via ultraviolet rays and the salt breeze, their daily lives are spent with their bodies coated in a plant-based white powder and glue. While the blanket term "mineral life forms" is used, in truth, various types of them exist, ranging from the exceptionally sturdy diamond to the brittle and hazardous cinnabar, and there are large differences in their individual personalities; each uses their own particular skills and qualities to supplement the group's lifestyle. They can be damaged or even dismembered without feeling pain, and are extremely insensitive to changes in temperature. Even if their body is destroyed and scattered, they can regain their individual self if their pieces are rearranged. Due to this, they have a poor sense of danger, and are strongly curious. By and large, they have a pure and vivacious temperment, but due to the considerable physical differences they're born with, their sense of cooperation is somewhat poor. Basking in the sun gives the microscopic organisms called "inclusions" living in their bodies energy, allowing their normally inflexible crystal and mineral bodies to move. It is thought that the inclusions utilize ancient proteins from living creatures. Additionally, the inclusions store the gems' memories, and if a gem loses a piece of their body, the corresponding memories stored in those inclusions are lost. At night, their movements become sluggish due to the lack of sunlight. As they are unable to reproduce and can survive as long as there's sunlight, there was originally no need for them to live in groups. The existence and instruction of their leader, Kongou, as well as the war with the Lunarians, has caused them to become a more militant, communal species.” ----

WINTER CLOTHES, PART 1

---- “Clothes worn by the crystal life forms. The season for this particular type of apparel is defined as " from the point when there are fewer summer flowers and the grass becomes more yellow, up until hibernation begins." Using the soft portion of the stem from the plant they call "asa,” they create a fiber from which their fabrics are made. The remaining parts of the plant are used to produce paper. Asa naturally grows in the northern parts of the island, and, in late summer, blooms with cute white and pale blue flowers. Among the scarce resources of the island, asa grows in comparatively plentiful numbers and can be safely gathered, and can be made into a sturdy but lightweight textile. To our knowledge, it is extremely similar to the linen fabric created from flax. The clothing design undergoes frequent revisions. This outfit consists of a white high-collared shirt worn with a black piece on top. The white shirt closes with wooden buttons down to the stomach area, and there are many romper-style black pieces that fasten below the waist with the same. They also have techniques for dyeing their fabrics. Their five basic colors include: the undyed original color of the "asa;" the black skin of the plant called "ade;" a bleach white made from pressing the remains of white butterflies; a yellow derived from the pistil of the "fuyukoyame" flower; and a purple dye found in the sap-filled galls of a tree called "yuragi." Of these, the growth speed of the "yuragi" is extremely slow; as such, only a few galls are harvested every few decades, and the dye is considered very valuable. By mixing a small amount of the yuragi sap with the seeds of the ade plant, a deep black dye can be made. Furthermore, mixing the yuragi sap with the butterfly secretions creates a vibrant red color. Other bright colors such as blue and pink can be expressed through different mixtures, but because they all require the sap of the yuragi tree, they are only used specially for embroidery thread. The hooks of the high collars and the buttons on the shirt are made of wood. The belts are made of bleached tree bark, which is stretched after being softened and fixed around the waist. This material is flexible and durable, and will not tear even when holding up the gems’ black swords. Additionally, there are some variations of the black clothes with embroidered elements on the reverse side. These are typically floral motifs made with decorative fibers, and they appear most frequently on the winter clothes of gems staying inside. The profundity and cultural significance of these fabrics seem an ill match for the war-bound gems, and as such, the clothes carry an impression of both great gain and great sacrifice.”

----

WINTER CLOTHES, PART 2

----

“The amount of sunlight that reaches the earth decreases during the winter season in the northern hemisphere; as such, the gems enter a state of hibernation. A select few gems appointed to winter duty, along with Kongou, remain awake and handle daily chores, as well as fight back any invading Lunarians. An average of 2.2 meters of snow blankets the ground, and ice floes begin to encroach on the island. These ice floes have a peculiar shape, such that when they scrape against each other, they release a terrific screech that interrupts the hibernation of the gems. For this reason, the gems that undertake winter duty wield unique weapons resembling ice saws, and use them to split apart the floes - their main mission during the winter. As the majority of their work is both outdoors and done alone, they wear white clothes so as not to stand out against the snow. The uniforms worn by winter duty gems are specially crafted. Firstly, in order to turn the fabric snow-white, bleach must be created from the secretions of decomposing white butterfly innards. These butterflies appear in explosive numbers during late summer; after reaching adulthood, they lose their mouthparts and therefore their ability to process food, and only live for about three days. The gems all come together as a group to harvest the bodies left behind. Once decomposition begins, directly touching the butterfly's body is dangerous, so they're gathered using chopstick-like implements. Once the bleach is obtained, fibers from the asa plant are soaked in it to remove their color. Through this process, the fabric turns as white as newfallen snow; however, it's also very soft and near-transparent, so the outer coat is made with three layers of it. The high-collared shirt is worn beneath and created by weaving together two layers. The reverse side of the outer coat is lavishly decorated with fanciful embroideries made from vivid blue, red, black, or otherwise colorful asa threads. Compared to the other winter uniforms, these costumes are sewn with a great deal of care and effort. It seems likely that these garments are packed full of the compassion and gratitude of the gems who craft them, honoring the winter gems who work essentially alone through the long winter. The necktie and belt are identical to those of the regular winter uniform. Figure A depicts the winter uniform worn by "Antarcticite," who works once their body hardens in the winter season. Figure B depicts the long-sleeved uniform worn by "Cairngorm," whose arm was damaged previously. During the time period of our observations, the gems who undertook winter duty had white or clear hair. It seems gems that camouflage well against the snow are the ones chosen.”

#stay tuned for more #houseki no kuni #land of the lustrous #volume 11 special edition #encyclopedia #english translation #sib answers

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angelrichsoft20 · 4 years ago

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The Environmental Impacts of the Polyester

When it comes to fashion, polyester is a popular choice. It’s not just versatile but also cheap, and for that reason, it has become omnipresent in the garment industry. Polyester is a synthetic petroleum-based fiber made up of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.

Polyester has wrinkle-free attributes due to which garments that are made from this fabric need not be ironed to keep their shape. It is also very easy to wash, and dry polyester made clothes in winters. The clothes tend to last long if made from superior quality polyester. However, most manufacturers use cheap quality polyester to meet the demand and make more money.

The fabric is not just limited to the fashion world but is also used in the production of electrical insulation, industrial fabrics, recording tapes, and home furnishings.

Let us first talk in brief about recycled polyester.

What is recycled polyester?

The only good thing about polyester is that it can be fully recycled, and it’s feasible to produce polyester from reused plastic bottles. This means it’s possible to manufacture polyester without needing fossil fuel stocks as a result of which we can reduce waste and keep the ecosystem away from the harmful impacts of polyester. That being said, you need to be mindful of fleeces as reports show that fleeces produced from reused polyester might be a greater source of pollution than polyester itself.

Considering the widespread presence of Polyester, it makes sense to understand the environmental impacts of polyester and how sustainable this fabric is.

It’s Non-biodegradable

The majority of polyesters present in the market are non-decomposable and will persist in the environment for 20 years and, depending on conditions., even 100 years. Still, want to buy the polyester shirt you saw at your favorite store the other day?

It causes pollution

Polyester is a synthetic petroleum-based fiber, and apparently, petroleum refineries are infamous for contributing to large amounts of pollution in the atmosphere. Moreover, synthetic clothes are known to pollute the oceans and cause microplastic pollution.

It’s toxic to plants, animals, and humans

The coloring of polyester takes disperse dyes, which are indissoluble. Just like polyester, the production of disperse dyes require harmful chemicals that are non-biodegradable and, if left untreated, can cause a serious threat to the environment. The majority of polyesters are produced in Asian countries, including Indonesia, Bangladesh, and China, where laws related to the environment are almost negligent; hence harmful chemicals that can lead to severe air and water pollution are often discharged untreated. This toxicity causes pollution as well as damage to flora and fauna.

Apart from causing significant environmental issues, the dyes used in the manufacturing of polyesters are also harmful to humans. Dye workers around the globe are at higher risk of cancer and other lung diseases than the rest of the population.

The manufacturing of polyester is water-intensive

Polyester is manufactured through a rigorous energy heating process, needing huge measures of water for cooling. In fact, the water-intensity required for the manufacturing of polyester is way higher than for natural textiles.

If not handled efficiently, this can cause the water table to drop and reduced access to clean drinking water, especially in countries where polyester is usually produced.

Final words

Polyester has a substantial effect on the environment. In regard to the sky-high environmental cost of the vogue, poor quality polyester is likely the biggest culprit. If you are in favor of maintaining an eco-friendly closet, we advise you not to buy polyester made clothes unless the fabric is produced from recycled polyester.

Try to purchase garments that are made from natural fibers, including organic cotton and hemp. But if you still prefer polyester, try to limit your purchase to recycled rainwear or sportswear garments though the microfibres will still pollute the oceans. If you want to throw away the old and torn polyester clothes, make sure you first get it recycled. Recycling of old polyester is becoming prevalent; however, you will have to do your homework to find out whether or not you have a recycling program active in your neighborhood. Stick to these practices, and you can surely contribute to lowering the effect of polyester on the environment.

#polyester #fibra #fiber #fhfibra

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beautycounterwipes · 3 years ago

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Most people think that, due to practical bags

Apart from the purchase of cold food farmers market still can not solve this problem is not that the bags are still not hundred percent use of common, there are still a lot of people hate it. Most people think that, due to practical bags, just put some individually wrapped for clean goods, if the equipment used to hold fish, meat, do not say the bag leaks, but also require frequent replacement or cleaning, it will be a waste of resources. Water detection method: the non-green bags placed in the water, and press into the bottom, the proportion of non-toxic and non-small bags can be surfaced, non-toxic bags than major sink. Removed the bags and other cloth sewn puppet class manual. Distinguish between non-toxic and non-toxic bags: sensory detection: non-toxic bags milky white, translucent, or colorless, transparent, flexible, feel lubrication, surface like wax; non-toxic bags color opacity or pale yellow, sticky feel. In supermarkets, many consumers are still accustomed to bring their own shopping bags. As some recycle PET reusable bags are for sales in market, more of them are for gift purposes, are not marked name and address, there is no green logo, a lot of shopping bags made rough.

It also known as PP material. It can be decomposed in the form of non-toxic, but polypropylene is a petrochemical product, this material at room temperature or indoor environment is more difficult to degrade, in the outdoor environment also need about half a year to degrade. Give them to relatives and friends. Bags on the market price of each is not low, at least 1 RMB, but generally reflect the user can neither good-looking, nor poor quality, which re-use bags has almost become a major obstacle. Directly throw the rubbish into the trash.cnmhc. If it is dirty, wash it. To this end, consumer appeal, the State while the plastic bag, bags can also be introduced relevant standards, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Distinguish between the bags is not an environmentally friendly bags - empty bag into the water, sinking of the bags. Bags is to promote environmental awareness, but also to future generations, but for the people, but really wholeheartedly endorsed it? In addition to the farmers market, food and other issues involving blood as cold, cold water, consumers rarely use glove bags, resulting in a free plastic bag on the comeback.

Fire detection: non-toxic polyethylene bags of non-flammable, flame blue, yellow top, like a candle burning, like tears dripping with wax smell, smoke less; non-toxic PVC bags is not flammable, from the fire that is extinguished, the flame was yellow, the bottom of the green, can soften the drawing, a pungent odor of hydrochloric acid. Molecular structure of polypropylene is not reliable than the polyethylene-chemical raw material of plastic bags far less. 2. They are ready to use. In addition, non-woven fabrics in the production process will consume a large amount of oil resources. On the one hand, Plastic limit gives birth to a non-woven fabric and bags business, no doubt stimulate a market economy, but on the other hand, because businesses are doing bags of business, there have been bags too much countless situations.

Put reusable bags in your bag.Consumers believe that now promote re-use bags, but bags are not quality assurance, easily become the trouble of everyday life and safety hazards. non-woven wipes manufacturers This mountain of bags, so many people have a headache, a customer says, the family, but a lot of bags to use, simply direct lost. Jitter detection method: Hold the end of non-green bags shaking force, issued by the crisp sound of that non-toxic; toxic astringent sound stuffy. 4. 3. If consumers do not re-use non-woven bags, currently on the market is still a large number of resulting non-woven products will bring a heavy burden on the environment.How to use the recycle bags repeatedly: 1. Supermarket with a shopping bag and forget to buy additional goods of the bag, the exhibition and propaganda gift

#China Wholesale Custom Beauty Wipe for sale

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wemarketresearchreport · 3 years ago

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Nitrogen Market 2022 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2030

Food processing, food packing, and flushing are just a few of the applications for nitrogen in the food and beverage business. Food aeration is one of the most popular uses of nitrogen gas in the food and beverage sector. Nitrogen packing is particularly common among other gases in terms of packaging. Modified Atmosphere Packaging frequently uses nitrogen (MAP). The application of MAP extends the shelf life of packaged foods. Nitrogen is used to drive oxygen out of the container. Companies that employ nitrogen in their packaging can grow their exports to foreign nations without risking food spoilage.

The chemical element nitrogen is found in the air we breathe. Nitrogen gas makes up 78 percent of all nitrogen compounds, making it the most plentiful element on the planet and the most dominant chemical in our atmosphere. Nitrogen does not react chemically with other elements in its pure form; it will only combust or even decompose at high temperatures to produce heat energy under extreme conditions. Nitrogen is hence suited for a variety of purposes, including feedstocks, fertilisers, explosives, rocket fuels, and food preservation.

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The extensive usage of liquid nitrogen as a chilling agent in various end-use industries such as food and beverage and pharmaceutical industries is a major factor driving the worldwide liquid nitrogen market. With fast modernisation, packaged food has become increasingly popular, and there is a growing worry about food preservation. Because liquid nitrogen is chemically inert, it is useful for cooling and freezing food products, extending their shelf life. Liquid nitrogen is also widely utilised in the medical and health-care industries to treat a variety of skin disorders. Liquid nitrogen is mostly supplied as an inorganic chemical, and demand for it is likely to rise during the projection period due to its wide range of applications.

Global Nitrogen Market- Segmental Analysis

By Product

• Compressed gas

• Liquid Nitrogen

By End Use

• Petrochemical

• Oil & Gas

• Metal Manufacturing & Fabrication

• Food & Beverage

• Chemical

• Electronics

• Pharmaceutical & Healthcare

• Others

By Application

• Commercial Use

• Industrial Use

• Science and Research

Global Nitrogen Market- Competitive Landscape

Key players constituting the competitive landscape of this business sphere are Air Liquide SA, Praxair Inc, Linde Group, Gulf Cryo, Emirates Industrial Gases Co LLC, Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation, NexAir LLC, Southern Industrial Gas Sdn Bhd, Messer Group, and Air Products and Chemicals Inc.

Notably, in October 2018, Praxair, Inc and The Linde Group merged to form Linde Plc. This decision was aimed at further consolidating the nitrogen market by emerging as a global leader in terms of sales and revenue as both the companies had stronghold foothold across several regions.

Apart from that, other noteworthy players are making similar strategic decisions to expand their reach in the overall market. Many companies are entering into partnerships, collaborations, mergers and are putting efforts in launching innovative techniques and products to strengthen their presence and emerge as global leaders in the sector.

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Key benefits of the report:

This study presents the analytical depiction of the global liquid nitrogen industry along with the current trends and future estimations to determine the imminent investment pockets.

The report presents information related to key drivers, restraints, and opportunities along with detailed analysis of the global liquid nitrogen market share.

The current market is quantitatively analyzed from 2020 to 2027 to highlight the global liquid nitrogen market growth scenario.

Porter’s five forces analysis illustrates the potency of buyers & suppliers in the market.

The report provides a detailed global liquid nitrogen market analysis based on competitive intensity and how the competition will take shape in coming years.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS?

Q1. What will be the Nitrogen Market Size From 2021 to 2030?

Q2. What is the CAGR of Nitrogen Market?

Q3. How can I get sample report of Nitrogen Market?

Q4. Which is the base year calculated in the Nitrogen Market report?

Q5. Which are the top companies in the Nitrogen Market?

Q6. What are the segments of Nitrogen Market?

Q7. What are the key trends in the Nitrogen Market report?

Q8. Which region holds the maximum market share of the Nitrogen Market?

Q9. How will the COVID-19 pandemic impact the Nitrogen Market in 2021?

About We Market Research

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kellyp72 · 4 years ago

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3 Reasons Why Calico Bags Are Kinder to the Environment

Guest post by Hilary Wilkinson

If you haven’t heard about calico bags before, they serve as the ideal environment-friendly alternative to disposable plastic bags. Calico bags are made of plain-woven cotton fabric. Since it’s a natural material, it’s an eco-friendly and versatile product that continues to gain popularity worldwide. These bags have half-processed and unbleached cotton fibers, achieved by weaving natural cotton. The process provides the calico bags with a cream-like, raw appearance suitable for printing.

With their environment-friendly properties, calico bags are now a favorite in different parts of the globe. The bags are cotton, which makes them a durable option and ideal for repetitive use. Aside from being earth-friendly, the bags help grocery stores and supermarkets cut down costs. If you want to see the available choices, Calico Bags homepage has a good selection worth checking out.

As the retail industry and government are looking for solutions to lessen the negative impact of plastic bags on the environment, they turn to the reusable calico bags that are becoming a part of people’s daily lives. As plastic bags are currently under phasing out, calico bags are the best option for their environmentally-friendly qualities.

Here are several reasons why calico bags are safe for the environment:

1. Reusable and Durable

Unlike disposable plastic bags that end up in the landfills and polluting water sources, calico bags are fully reusable. Today, you can find calico bags in various sizes, plus they’re easy to carry around. As part of the marketing or promotional aspect of grocery stores and supermarkets, calico bags can showcase their brands. In the long run, the approach is a valuable marketing investment.

Calico bags stand out from disposable plastic bags since they’re relatively more robust and durable. The majority of plastic bags nowadays are single-use, which makes them the primary source of environmental waste.

Calico bags can hold more weight even under continuous use, without the likelihood of tearing apart under the weight of heavy objects. Additionally, the possibility of spilling the contents is also minimal since calico bags don’t easily rip open, especially when caught on sharp or pointed objects. This feature alone is an ideal choice that makes using several plastic bags unnecessary. Using one or two calico bags can hold enough groceries in one go.

2. Recyclable

Once your calico bags start to wear out, you don’t have to discard them. If you’re creative, you can repurpose them for other uses. If you have several calico bags on a standstill in a drawer, it might be time to provide them a second chance in life. Allow your creativity to work wonders for your old calico bags. The material works best as a canvas for various craft projects, such as flower pot holders, framed art, and homemade pillow covers or upholstery covers. Remember that the possibilities are endless when thinking of something to create with the material.

You can even use the material as a sleeping bed for your pets or cleaning rags at home. Remember that calico is one of the most versatile materials available. You can try out several ways to recycle and repurpose your old calico bags with this in mind.

3. Biodegradable

Although calico bags can last for a long time, they’ll eventually wear down with continuous use. The difference between calico bags and disposable plastic bags is that calico is 100% biodegradable and will not cause any long-term detrimental effects to the environment. As a biodegradable material, calico bags are also suitable candidates for composting. With the help of composting, the calico bags will decompose into the soil, thus lowering the amount of garbage that goes directly into the landfill.

Conclusion

As plastic wastes continue to degrade the environment, it’s vital to look for other alternatives that will not cause further harm. The continuous use of disposable plastic bags is having a major negative impact worldwide, including contributing to climate change, environmental deterioration, harm to human health, and damage to wildlife. The switch to reusable bags in the form of calico bags can help solve these issues by reducing the amount of disposable plastic bags created and discarded daily.

Even in simple ways, you can do your part in helping preserve the environment. One way is to switch to calico bags when going on shopping. The calico bags serve as a sustainable shopping bag material that can last for a long time while reducing the number of plastic bags that go into landfills.

Hilary Wilkinson is a full-time blogger who writes about environmental awareness, fashion and photography. Hilary also loves to share travel tips on her blog, as she often visits local and international tourist destinations. Aside from writing, Hilary is also fond of outdoor activities, such as hiking, trekking and camping.

#calico bags #recycling #ditch the plastic

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keaghanlandram1991 · 5 years ago

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Cat Urine Upholstery Cleaner Wonderful Diy Ideas

Most cat adopters will not pry a dog in a tin or spraying cats and can come to accept this fact and this is just as much for them.For some cat information you can try temporarily covering your furniture to shreds, then begin clawing at it.Learn from your cat is also possible for everyone involved.And the best medicine, and there are all things that are glued to the type of moisture that gets on the living room floor.

If the cat itself account for a young cat otherwise won't be one frustrated owner.A toy mouse which squeaks when your cat accordingly will ensure that you can continue for some reason they are actually not really known for their behavior.Be prepared for a first stage, bacteria decompose the urea giving off an ammoniacal odor.On white or light colored felines the fleas can be quite dangerous to your water & vinegar solution, or when they want and this indicates the wood or getting rid of it.Will play fetch, give headbutts and walk your puppy and dog care is of course need to replace them about every six weeks.

A regular check-up about once a week, which can be used as a cat that has been diluted to around April.Put a white hair spray to a hooded traditional litter box, especially if he does his to you.This will reduce the stress and boredom provide lots of tufted and scratched areas where your kitty is being threatened.Place the balls approximately one inch apart on a car or never seeing them again.However, scratching is a quick look at WHY.

Start small by simply spraying the inside of the cat to use the bathroom, he will think twice about sitting in the house all day.Replace with tension rods for the bad behavior.Steps you can stretch out and buy a catbrush and allow air to dry and warm water.For this step at any major mall or pet store for a while, they will be worse.Educating yourself on nutrition and diets for cats to make the pet does not require heat to announce availability to any fabric with a cotton swab or ball, but do not own pedigreed cats, there are also possessive about their claws on your furniture.

Cats are notorious fans of napping, and napping in a fully enclosed box with its own tails or some other ailment that a cat behaviorist.Keeping in view of sharing your supper when it misbehaves will not use the toilet to boost itself up to 3 times a day but do what they are sprayed with nonstick cooking spray.You can get the idea of an effective counter-conditioning plan that includes a ring and clasp for attaching keys.Your mother-in-law is on the toilet, at this generation!A positive test also indicates that Feliway really works.

Always be safe and learn all you need are a nuisance; for cats so teaching them not to mark their territory than those that are blended for cats.Many pet owners are always scratching the skin, and it stays indoors.If you have when trying to figure your cat to have quite a nightmare for you.When it is wise not to cut off during surgery.Once you have decided to share some more surrogate EFT on several of the car.

Luckily for you be it home made cleaners will not solve the immediate problem.The recipe that I mix myself when I hackle them along the edge of the ear canal.Here's what to do this make sure they were a kitten.You can try other techniques that are safe, effective, and simple to make, and they may have on hand.Giving them an alternative to scratching but this is surely an elimination location, so don't force it.

Both procedures leave the message and find your cats need daily care.Our cats are prone to diseases and other antibacterials are helpful in limiting the risks anyway.4. box to raise it slowly and gradually with the jet, the cat jumps, the mats will slide and your cat.Nearly grown kittens and the crystal formation is injecting and spraying some catnip is enough to carry with you so you can begin in earnest.Cyclosporine A - This illness has some similar symptoms when compared to other cats.

Cat Pee Detector

For example, a red color bed will keep you safe for a little disorientated going to get puss to actually be trained?A few folks think that your sofa cost 1000, and wouldn't care if it was the noise when they are still felines and subsequent grief to owners.Don't force her; just carry her to chase them away!The trouble is that cats are used for cats to make an intruder run.Dry your cat is trying to determine which vaccinations your cat causing respiratory problems, cardiac arrest and even other members of the cat more pleasant.

That's just the way to distract the cat or shock them.Studies show that a seat belt could easily go through it and the middle of the soil.Cats are amazing creatures, and once more to your water and leave you broke, but, very angry and miffed at your furniture, use a vaporiser or humidifier to keep them in the basket.Since felines love to jump or climb the curtain, the alarm and offers a harm-free solution to this area, make that mess any more moisture.These self cleaning litter boxes for three separate cats may end up in their new and improved cat bed.

Often professionals will fumigate the house, then the world is the ideal way to go and nowhere to be addressed and/or eliminated with the directions.Although this is the same time and attention, it also proves beneficial in establishing a colony that has claimed the effective is to buy a set of nail clippers may cut the nails when you start looking for ways to encourage his claws as well as all the solutions regarding above problem hope you can handle it at all.Such repellant is available as part of the herb used can also deter other small mammals.Has something changed recently that could very possibly cost more then it is better to let the cat to use its new toilet instead of the hardwood floor which has a large removable lid for ease and a dirty litter box.You should also know that urine has seeped through wooden floors.

Allow to dry completely for several days.Put something heavy over this and if they are on a purely meat diet and lots of praise and contact information on its training anyway, so you can cure the behavioral problem with these 6 tips:This article talks a little patience, most cats dislike, causing the problem of a cat start to firmly but gently massage their heads.In the most concerning cat behaviour problems.Our black cat is fixed and is the key to training your cat.

Make sure that he/she has the opposite gender from your property.Do this consistently and he feels shocking spurts of water to form a well behaved as any cat to be left behind if pulled off.Fleas can cause anemia, weakness and weight loss medications.You should also position the box and the least you can cure the current cat or kitten at home, make sure it can use a garden or any other pet in the mouth after eating meals.In case you don't want to experiment with a treat.

Were never able to last up to the automated box may scare your cat a whirly gig with a replaceable odor neutralizing carbon filter.I cannot give you an older cat with a pine or citrus smell.You can follow three simple steps when dealing with cat behavior:First you want to keep both your kitten to adjust to living outdoors, the best at home you have him or her a Christmas stocking and deck it out and treat allergy signs related to the vet.Marking can also be weighed in conjunction with the smell of citrus is too close to busy streets, it is grown in over-farmed, mineral deficient soil.

Cat Pee Makes You Crazy

Supporters of this herb can be due to loss of appetite, loss of blood and skin irritation and has some similar symptoms to Lyme Disease.Genesis 950 to soak up the litter from making such a long way.This is why I decided to take time - it would be that the odor back to the way through the hair permanently to kill them before they start spraying.Breast cancer has a patented Pet Porte Microchip Cat Flap has a great place to scratch your funiture or walls is not very much manageable.This is a chemical into your house or a towel and then wipe it up.

Inconvenience: when we start to play with.Going to the advantage with flea powders, sprays and double-sided tape.Even though felines are not able to get certain types of litter, physical abuse or neglect, a need to change this routine.And if you if you don't plant plants that are marking their territory.You should remember the dates of the bacteria strains are in effect able to do is to determine why he had heard.

#Cat Urine Upholstery Cleaner Wonderful Diy Ideas #Cat Pee High

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sustainablestudentspgh-blog · 5 years ago

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Unraveling Fast Fashion

Image Source: UCSD Guardian

Most people aren’t aware that the major clothing companies in the US today are some of the major contributors to global issues like climate change, pollution, and inhumane labor practices. The term ‘fast fashion’ is used to describe the mass production of clothes at low prices.

As consumers and future leaders, we have the ability to make a change. The first step is to inform ourselves about the problem…

Clothing companies do not design their clothes to last. You’ve probably realized this already. Most of us have that old t-shirt that you got for free at that one cool event shoved in the back of our drawer. It’s gotten a little gross: some stains and holes in the armpit. You haven’t worn it in a few years. Probably you should give it to Goodwill.

Companies like ForeverXXI, H&M, and Zara produce cheap synthetic clothes that aren’t made to last. They will likely fall apart in a few years of use. Often, the clothing is so cheaply made that thrift stores won’t sell them when they are donated.

In addition to the cheap fabric, the seasonality of the fashion industry makes it near impossible to stay in-style without producing large amounts of textile waste. The companies are constantly cycling new clothes and styles. The fashion industry doesn’t have just four seasons. There are micro-seasons and styles that coincide with them.

Image Source: West London Waste

The cheap price, the impermanence of the fabric, and the constant change of styles cause consumers to purchase and eventually throw out massive amounts of textiles every year. The EPA estimated that 16,890 tons of textiles were produced in 2017; 11,150 (66%) tons went to the landfill.

Sixty percent of the fabric produced today are derived from fossil fuels. When they go to landfills, they will not decompose. Unfortunately, landfills are not the only graveyard for the fashion industry. Unused clothes end up in the ocean ecosystems, mountains, and any other place you could find litter. Fast fashion has also been called ‘landfill fashion’ because of the amount of waste produced.

Not only does fast fashion produce large amounts of waste, but there are a number of problems with the production process. The industry has a history of child and slave labor. The book, “Fashionopolis” by Dana Thomas details this dark history and the problems that still remain today.

Only about 3% of the clothes bought in the US are produced in the nation. The reason fast fashion companies are able to purchase clothing for so cheap is that they are produced under unfair labor practices in foreign countries with lax labor laws. Low wages allow factories to mass employ humans and still sell the clothes for a cheap price while making profits.

Factory employees often work in low-light conditions and are exposed to toxic chemicals produced from the process. Building regulations are lax or ignored, leading to unstable working conditions. The most famous example is the collapse of the Rana Plaza in Bangladesh in 2013. Garment workers had noticed cracks in the building structure and after multiple warnings, their superiors did nothing. In the end, 1,129 were killed from the collapse.

Image Source: New York Times

The production process consumes massive amounts of resources. According to the UN, the fashion industry consumes more energy than the shipping and aviation industries combined. The process of creating clothes and growing cotton is extremely water-intensive. The industry is also responsible for large amounts of carbon emissions, contributing to climate change.

As you can tell, the fashion industry is wasteful and destructive on many levels.

Fortunately, as young students, we can make a choice to resist fast fashion by choosing to purchase other clothes

Check out my other post on thrifting in Pittsburgh!

#fast fashion #clothing #fashion #pollution #climate change #climate justice #fair labor #style #environment #sustainability #sustainble fashion #waste management #human rights

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myaekingheart · 8 years ago

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I feel like I should just stop hoping for better dreams because every time I mention something about having a shitty dream, I always have an even worse one the next night and I'm just not sure it's all that worth it anymore.

As much as I hate doing things out of order, I'm going to start with the second dream I had tonight because the first dream kind of ties in with something else from later on, not so much a dream as it was a scenario or imagining of sorts. So anyways, second dream I had last night was that I was in a big warehouse-style fabric store. I don't exactly remember what I was doing there but the thing I remember most was standing in one of the aisles and they had a collection of capelets hanging up on an extension of one of the shelves. I remember looking through them with the intent of potentially buying one (since I've kind of wanted to get one for a winter variant of my Rapunzel cosplay) but none of them were quite right. The majority of them were either blue or red or fuschia, all warm, thick fabric with white fur trim, except for the one at the front of the collection that was hot pink satin with black lace trim. They were cute, sure, but none of them were exactly what I was looking for. There was also a nude mock neck leotard in the exact size on the other side of the aisle that I remember thinking I should get because the one I ordered online a few months back ended up being way bigger than I thought and I've been lowkey salty about it since. I don't remember if this was part of this same dream sequence or not but I'm going to group it together anyways for the sake of being concise and because of similar subject matter: there was another part of the dream where I remember getting a box in the mail and opening it up to find a pair of yellow bow shoe clips for Snow White that I've had saved on an Amazon wishlist for a while now.

Alright, so here goes the first dream: I don't remember the exact specifics of it but I just remember being someplace, probably my apartment, and my boyfriend's dead ex showed up alive and well. I want to say I remember her knocking on the door and my boyfriend answered it to find her staring back at him with a massive grin on her face and my boyfriend just being completely shell shocked to find that, holy fuck, she's alive??? I remember being in the same room as her, maybe the living room or the kitchen but I don't remember which specifically, and feeling so fucking weird about it, as if something wasn't quite right and we weren't meant to be in the same room together or whatever. There was just something eerie and strange about it, and it all felt so fucking real. I felt like I was literally standing in the same room as her, a foot away from her, comparing myself to her the entire time. About how much smaller I felt compared to her because she was no doubt taller and fuller figured than my tiny, "heroin chic" (so to speak) frame. Comparing myself to her cleavage, her curves, her bright aura and peppy, outgoing nature. Her frilly scene kid clothes and side swept bangs and kawaii, hand-over-mouth selfie face. Meanwhile I'm flat-chested skin and bones filled with cynicism and dark lipstick and black t-shirts and a resting bitch face. I don't remember too many other specifics of the dream except for the fact that when she came back, my boyfriend dumped me. He chose her over me. I know in reality this is impossible because she's more bone than I am by now but still, even knowing she's dead and that's never changing, I still have a constant fear that he'd rather be with her than me. Which brings me to the last dream, even though it was more of a scenario since I was awake (but my eyes were closed, so a lucid dream maybe?). I envisioned my boyfriend and I travelling up north for my best friend's wedding-- my best friend lives in the same state my boyfriend's ex did. At some point during our trip, we pull up to his ex's house to see her family. My boyfriend approaches the front door, meanwhile I hang back by the car nervous and feeling incredibly out of place. Her mother answers and welcomes him inside, glancing back to me suspiciously before my boyfriend realizes I never followed him up and motions for me to come with him. I wander inside after him and instantly feel nauseous, like I know I'm not meant to be there and that it feels weird being there in the first place as this was a house I only ever saw in my imagination and in the background of pictures I've snooped through. It feels like sneaking backstage at Disneyland-- you're not supposed to be there but you've thought about it countless times and seen pictures of it on the internet but not even those can prepare you for what really being there is like. It was all so vivid, too, like I felt like I was actually stepping foot in this house, this mausoleum filled with her memories and belongings. I remember sitting next to my boyfriend on the couch in the living room as he chatted with her parents and older brother, only half listening to the conversation as I clenched my legs together and prayed for some sort of escape or emergency to get me out of there. I remember retreating behind everyone's backs out to the back porch and just staring out into the backyard, motionless and almost even breathless. I remember thinking of what would happen if her brother found me out there, of what would happen if I told him, this stranger, everything I was feeling. Of this strange and disgusting relationship I have with the ghost of his dead sister. Of how I hoped he'd pity me and tell me not to feel the way I am, but knowing deep down that that's selfish idealism and that of course he'd rather me be dead than his beloved baby sister, even if her death had absolutely nothing to do with me. I imagined sitting there in that living room with my boyfriend and his dead ex's family and feeling so out of place. I imagined her mother eyeing me like a rabies-infested rat that needs to be killed immediately and speaking to me in passive aggressive tones, ignoring me as best she could. And why wouldn't she? How dare I steal such a great guy from her sweet angel? Her daughter certainly deserves him way more than I ever will. I remember after a while, I couldn't handle it anymore-- any of it-- and just rushed out of the house, mumbling that this was a mistake and that I never should've went there. I sped down the street, refusing to look back, arms crossed and eyes locked on the ground in front of me, not even caring where I was going. I didn't even know where I was going. So long as I got as far away from that house, I didn't seem to really care. I thought anywhere would've been better than there, or at least until I reached a wooden fence surrounding a big, green field with a single grave in the center of it: her grave. I must've jumped the fence because I remember approaching it and feeling like I was going to be sick, and then sitting beside it with knees drawn up to my chest and just staring at it, and thinking how strange it is to be sitting right there above her dead body, finally in the same vicinity as her. Praying that that was the slap of reality I needed to finally knock some sense into me, to stop worrying about if my boyfriend would still choose her over me if she was alive, because she wasn't alive and that was the hard truth solidified right then and there. I remember wondering what happened at the house after I left, imagining her family being offended at my abrupt departure and wondering if my boyfriend would grab his things and chase after me, try to find me, make sure I was safe or whatever. My mind defaulted to that being the case, that he'd come after me, which would probably be the most likely case, but fearing that perhaps there was a chance he wouldn't. That her family would be important to him than me. That he'd rather stay with them enveloped in grief for her than retrieve me from a strange, unfamiliar place or a self-torturous situation. I still think that should've been me. That I should've died instead. I'm the one who deserves to be decomposing six feet under. Fuck, here we fucking go again with this shit. It's like the self hatred and obsessive thoughts about this will never fucking end.

#ramblings #weird dreams

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trendingnewz-blog · 6 years ago

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Sodium Hydrosulfite Market to Rise at a CAGR of 3.8% Owing to Rising Paper and Pulp Industry 2023

Sodium hydrosulfite, commonly known as sodium dithionite, is a crystalline white powder. It is stable under normal conditions and decomposes either in acidic conditions or in contact with hot water. Sodium hydrosulfite is manufactured by different processes such as zinc dust process, amalgam process, and formate process. These three processes are primarily used to manufacture sodium hydrosulfite. Furthermore, zinc dust and amalgam processes accounted for almost 80% of the global production in 2014. All applications of sodium hydrosulfite are due to its superior reducing ability. Sodium hydrosulfite offers reducing properties in acidic medium and heated atmosphere.

Read Report Overview @

https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sodium-hydrosulfite-market.html

Sodium hydrosulfite is widely used for bleaching purposes in the paper & pulp industry, textile processing, mineral ore flotation, kaolin bleaching, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. However, it is primarily used in textile and wood pulp bleaching applications. Textile and wood pulp bleaching applications cumulatively held market share of over 80% of the sodium hydrosulfite market in 2014. Sodium hydrosulfite is used as a reducing agent as well as a reducing bleaching agent in fabrics such as nylon, wool, and cotton in the textile industry. Furthermore, sodium hydrosulfite is employed for stripping of color from fabrics. It is also used in the reduction clearing process for disperse dyes. It is used in wood pulp bleaching to brighten pulp with lower yield loss in the paper industry. It is used as a bleaching agent for mechanical pulp bleaching in the paper & pulp industry.

Textile processing and wood pulp bleaching are primarily responsible for boosting demand for sodium hydrosulfite. Furthermore, the market dynamics of these applications affect the global market for sodium hydrosulfite. Demand for textile products, particularly apparel, has increased across the world, which has resulted in rise in demand for sodium hydrosulfite globally. In terms of demand, Asia Pacific, being the textile manufacturing hub of the world, held the largest share of the sodium hydrosulfite market in 2014. The paper and pulp industry, on the other hand, has struggled to keep pace with rapid global digitalization. Hence, steady decline in demand for paper and paper products has been witnessed in North America and Europe. However, the market in Asia Pacific and Latin America is expected to expand at a decent pace during the forecast period. Application in cosmetics, particularly hair care products, and kaolin bleaching is likely to provide attractive growth opportunities for the sodium hydrosulfite market in the near future.

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Asia Pacific is the major producer and consumer of sodium hydrosulfite, accounting for over 65% share of the global market by demand in 2014. China is primarily driving demand for sodium hydrosulfite in this region. Apart from China, major textile producing countries such as Japan, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan account for considerable share. The market in Asia Pacific is also projected to exhibit the fastest growth rate, expanding at a CAGR of more than 4% between 2015 and 2023. Textile processing is the primary application in Asia Pacific. On the other hand, wood pulp bleaching application dominates demand in North America and Europe. The market share of North America and Europe is estimated to decline during the forecast period due to gradual slowdown in the paper economy in these regions.

The global sodium hydrosulfite market is consolidated in nature with four manufacturers accounting for over 50% share. Companies such as Guangdong ZhongCheng Chemicals Inc., Ltd., BASF SE, Jinhe Group, and AZ Chemicals, Inc., held significant share of the global sodium hydrosulfite market in 2014.

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Other key companies include Chemtrade Logistics, Inc., Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., and BruggemannChemical.

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angelrichsoft20 · 4 years ago

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The Environmental Impacts of the Polyester

The fabric is not just limited to the fashion world but is also used in the production of electrical insulation, industrial fabrics, recording tapes, and home furnishings.

Let us first talk in brief about recycled polyester.

What is recycled polyester?

Considering the widespread presence of Polyester, it makes sense to understand the environmental impacts of polyester and how sustainable this fabric is.

It’s Non-biodegradable

It causes pollution

It’s toxic to plants, animals, and humans

The manufacturing of polyester is water-intensive

If not handled efficiently, this can cause the water table to drop and reduced access to clean drinking water, especially in countries where polyester is usually produced.

Final words

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pratikshame-blog · 6 years ago

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Sodium Hydrosulfite Market to receive overwhelming hike in Revenues by 2026

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Our reports are single-point solutions for businesses to grow, evolve, and mature. Our real-time data collection methods along with ability to track more than one million high growth niche products are aligned with your aims. The detailed and proprietary statistical models used by our analysts offer insights for making right decision in the shortest span of time. For organizations that require specific but comprehensive information we offer customized solutions through adhoc reports. These requests are delivered with the perfect combination of right sense of fact-oriented problem solving methodologies and leveraging existing data repositories.

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Contact Mr. Rohit Bhisey Transparency Market Research State Tower, 90 State Street, Suite 700, Albany NY – 12207 United States Tel: +1-518-618-1030 USA – Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453 Email:[email protected] Website:http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com Research Blog:http://www.europlat.org/

#Sodium Hydrosulfite Market

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burbankcarpetandair-blog · 7 years ago

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5 Main Benefits Of Using An Eco-Friendly Carpet Cleaning Company

In occasions when the tendancy of hiring an eco-friendly rug cleaning company can also be widespread, you will need to see the primary reasons behind it. And that is exactly why today, we’re listing the main benefits of using an eco-friendly company.

1. Affordability

Firstly is a benefit that everybody appreciates – the cost effectiveness of hiring an eco-friendly carpet cleaner. The bottom line is, such cleaning methods can save you hundreds of dollars over the years – but in addition helps you quit buying the soaps and detergents that you just rarely use.

Another benefit which is the simple less water used when cleaning your carpets, all due to the green methods that never compromise on quality.

2. Degradable materials

Second on the present list is the biodegradability, normally means that each one of the materials utilized in cleaning your floor poses no danger as well as the environment. This is on the grounds that the components decompose easily and don’t endanger the lives of every living organisms nearby.

Knowing that your carpets and fabric make one of the greatest aspects of your own home, it is essential to decide on cleaning solutions that are degradable. Thanks to these environmentally safe cleaning procedures, you’ll be able to protect mother nature, yourself plus your loved ones.

3. No disastrous scenarios

The eco friendly cleaning methods prevent any disastrous situations. Since they use low moisture to forestall over-wetting, there is no such thing as a excess moisture in your floor or a shrinkage and tearing off of the back due to it. Mold can also be not a problem, and of course the eco-friendly carpet cleaning service delivers quality with out a single risk.

The particles are also pulled out carefully and effectively – without being stuck in the carpets as with the majority of of the chemical substance cleaning agents that you’re accustomed to.

4. Amazing health benefits

Unlike many chemical cleaners which use dangerous chemicals and therefore pose a health danger when inhaled, the green cleaning materials in eco-friendly carpet cleaning professionals use natural components that will skip your property smelling fresh and natural.

The truth is, most of the normal carpet cleaning professionals services and merchandise is weak for pets, children and other people allergic to certain things or with other health conditions. Instead, green carpet cleaning professionals is all about leaving the regions clean and with no potential health complications or hazards.

5. Keeps your carpet and tile strong

Lastly is the sole reason why more people choose eco-friendly carpet cleaning service – its quality.

Which means that, green carpet cleaning professionals is a safe method for use on all types of carpets. From decorative to shag and berber, it is a method that produces the fiber stronger and has the carpet functional for an extended time period time. Without the potential risk of tearing aside from the soaking, it is a solution that means you have the perfect value for money.

Now could be just the right time to ‘go green’

If you are still worried that organic carpet and fabric items are less effective, allow us to prove you wrong. The one difference when using the eco-friendly carpet cleaning service is that it won’t cause any effects on mother nature or yourself.

In reality, the eco-friendly solutions work just together with the ordinary ones that almost all rug cleaning companies are using. The results are obvious – every carpet is left sparklingly clean – surrounding a oxygen that is safe for the entire family.

Therefore, choosing a reliable rug cleaning company depends on the selection of going green. When you try the many green cleaning solutions from the experts in your town, you won’t ever return to straightforward carpet cleaning.

So actually what’s stopping you? Ultimately you’ve got dirty carpet in the house or apartment, may avoid the issue and come up with Burbank Carpet And Air Duct Cleaning instantly which will assist a great deal of utilizing your tile cleaning problem. In order to get further information referring to what really makes us not quite the same from all other rug cleaning companies in Burbank, California, take a few minutes go through our web store or simply call us and talk with us directly. We’re constantly happy to help our customers.

The post 5 Main Benefits Of Using An Eco-Friendly Carpet Cleaning Company appeared first on Burbank Carpet And Air Duct Cleaning.

#carpet cleaning Burbank #air duct cleaning Burbank #water damage restoration Burbank #upholstery cleaning Burbank #tile cleaning Burbank

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argotmagazine-blog · 7 years ago

Text

The Extraordinary Longevity of Ordinary Objects

A couple of months ago, I moved for the first time in five years. What surprised me the most, other than high rent prices in the Bay Area and the extent to which the landscape had changed compared to my childhood memories, was the amount of stuff I had accumulated. I kept a lot of crap, no longer discarding my unnecessary belongings by moving to a new apartment every year, or moving back to my parents' for the summer in between school years. Stuff that I honestly forgot I had. Old lipsticks and eye shadows that had dried out, bed sheets from my dorm life, batteries of all types, so numerous I couldn't tell the difference between the charged one or the dead ones. Old IKEA boxes we had latched onto "for moving" and how we were loathe to get rid of such things, because "We might need it later." It felt expensive and wasteful throwing things away when you can't afford to replace them and might need them "later."

Dust collected in the corners of our towers of belongings, trapping us in a cathedral of forgotten goods. There would be one path in and out, so my wife and I would have to scoot out of one place if another wanted to walk by. Rarely would guests come over, simply because there wasn’t much space for a comfortable visit. When your bed becomes the center of meaning in your apartment, the place where your meals are consumed, words are written, as well as the majority of your time at home, it was not unlike living in a dorm room, with the feeling that I was in this purgatory of an undergraduate lifestyle.

All this stuff didn't make me happy. It bothered me. I felt like I was kept hostage by all my stuff and couldn't move freely throughout my living space. I would trip and inevitably cause a tower of carefully placed mail, magazines, and promotional keychains cascading to the floor, another mess to tiptoe around and later, pick up. My elbows would brush against another precarious stack invariably five minutes later. No, we weren't hoarders. Just living in a rent-controlled basement studio apartment in San Francisco. The golden handcuffs, where you couldn't move without paying exorbitantly more in monthly rent and having the requisite six roommates to make that said monthly rent. When we found our one bedroom, one bathroom in Berkeley, it felt like an opening for a new beginning. We could finally get our cat, couch, and a coat rack, a mantra my wife and I said to each other while lying in our full size bed. It may not sound like much, but it's the little things that make a difference when you have little space.

I learned where I got it from once my father helped us move. He brought my old space heater that kept me warm when I was child in the early 90s. I couldn't believe my eyes that this rickety radiator adjacent appliance had outlasted our years in my childhood home, kept among the debris of old soccer trophies, swim team ribbons, and sheets of piano music. When I went back to my parents apartment to gather my books that had been patiently waiting for me to have enough room for them five years later, I sorted through the artifacts of their own dreams too expensive to discard; sheets wrapped in plastic envelopes, sustainably sourced bamboo wooden spoons still in their mesh packaging, a Nutribullet in mint condition, and other various "as seen on TV" kitchen gadgets. So many new things just waiting to be used when the older version "wore out."

Clearly this is not limited to my wife and I. As soon as we moved to Berkeley, we noticed new phenomena that people just…left stuff in front of other houses; old cribs, couches, a nonfunctional microwave. Buildings had signs emblazoned with "No Dumping" which finally made sense as we walked along hand in hand amongst the flotsam and jetsam of our street. Why would people just leave things for someone else to deal with, rather than throw them out themselves? I didn’t understand how people could offload their responsibility of stuff on others. However, getting rid of stuff is expensive. Junk removal costs money, city infrastructure for recycling costs tax dollars in short supply. It's easier to throw it away in landfill for those who are not fortunate enough to live in a wealthy city with new and developing recycling programs like San Francisco (for example, you can now recycle coffee cups in SF, plastic lid, sleeve and all).

But first, we needed to get rid of a lot of shit that wouldn't fit in the new apartment. We had old clothes, shoes, appliances, electronics, and tons of promotional items to get rid of (don't ever accept a free tote bag, y'all!). And we wanted to do it sustainably, instead of throwing away everything into landfill. For one, there wasn't enough room as we were moving because our landlord died. Her children were dealing with a lifetime's worth of belongings by cramming everything into the garbage bin week by week. 81 years of living cannot be discarded in any meaningful way with this method. Ultimately, they hired junk removers but when we left; her children still weren't finished. They had just excavated the garage, jaws dropping at the sight of old Elizabeth Arden face cream from 1985, vintage furs moulding in the San Francisco fog, and so many rusted cans of paint. The story of stuff is nothing new. We only take ourselves to the grave, leaving behind our lives in belongings for our descendents to manage.

You've found these formerly owned possessions before in your local thrift store, on the sidewalk, and in your home. We define ourselves by material, what we wear, and how they are signifiers of our identities,, rather than by our actions and what we say. I recall reading "If you're holding onto something out of guilt, get rid of it." There was so much guilt in all the possessions I held onto. The potential of what I could be, who I would be held in the promise of smaller sized clothing, clothes I made for myself that ended up being unwearable, and the things my mother purchased for me, forming me into her ideal image of a daughter. I tried to purge myself of these as I moved to Berkeley, to shed an old skin, so I could grow a new one, tender under the sun.

Textiles, the new frontier for recycling in San Francisco, became easier than ever to rid ourselves of, no longer beholden to the gatekeepers at Crossroads or Buffalo exchange to give us paltry dollars in exchange for our outdated threads. We could just put our clean fabric and unwanted clothes in a clear plastic bag, and it could go in the blue recycling bin. Before 2018, we had to go to retail clothing stores that had a bin for recycled textiles, but the bins would always be full to bursting. After all, fast fashion is a booming and toxic industry, with most synthetic petroleum based fibers taking decades to decompose. The average American throws away 68 pounds of textiles per year. Inundated with messages about our dwindling resources, San Francisco citizens wanted to do their part. But the infrastructure couldn't meet the demand.

With 45 in the White House, the EPA loosening restrictions for air pollution, and Jakarta sinking due the rising waters of climate change, as citizens of the human species we can no longer grant an all access pass to the stuff that comes into our lives. Ideally, everyone's carbon footprint would be zero, there would be no single use plastics, and we would bring our own reusable coffee cups to every café. But that is not the reality. Consumer capitalism encourages us to participate effectively by marketing everything to us. Flyers that withstand the rain have a special plastic coating are now unrecyclable. The advent of online shopping and Amazon have increased the amount of cardboard our local recycling facilities intake every day. As I write this on top of Grizzly Peak overlooking the entire Bay Area, there are rusted bottle caps, cigarette butts, bits of broken glass littering the ground next to my feet. Human brought these with them. And they left them behind.

What do you do with your shoelaces, once you are done with them? The plastic ends of the shoelaces doesn't allow for it to be textile recycled, you can't recycle the plastic coating bits in your home recycling bin. So you throw them away. Teabags with staples cannot be composted, or recycled, so into the trash it goes. What about all those plastic eyeliner pencils you don't have to sharpen but just twist up? So convenient! Yet into the trash bin it goes, because we haven't figure out a way to recycle those either. It goes back to the manufacturer, the research and design process, with items being invented to collect your dollars, short-term profits, and your customer loyalty over the next organization marketing a lifestyle, a way of looking, or even just eating. The brands that are trying, such as Lush Cosmetics, are incredibly popular thanks to their green-washing marketing. Environmentalism is also feminist issue, as the majority of women produce, grow, and feed the world as well as fulfill the roles as nurturers of their families. We will all be subject to rising tides, volatile weather that will harm crop production, affect where humans can live, and what we can eat. But ultimately, stakeholder profits are on the line and sustainability is simply, too expensive and seen as repressing innovation. Just ask Trump.

Every single item of human origin needs to have a method of disposal for it to be considered "sustainable." Despite this fact, during product research and design, the main factor is often marketability, user-friendliness, and built-in obsolescence for when the company wants you to upgrade; not whether the packaging will decompose in a short amount of time or a made from durable materials. Other countries, such as India, are already considering this in their industrial processes. Yet America is heading in the opposite direction and has pulled out of the Paris Agreement regarding climate change. What can we do?

You can start in your very own community. Find the person in your apartment complex who keeps throwing away their plastic bottles in the trash can…or the compost. Strike up a conversation, teach them about recycling or be the person who volunteers at your recycling center. It will change the way you view our mass consumption habits. Clean up your neighborhood by picking up litter with your friends. I promise you, it’s there if you take a second look. Humans did this to the Earth, but we can fix it. Repair items, instead of throwing away and replacing them. Stop impulse-purchasing stuff that will go out of fashion in a season. Do you really need that polyester unicorn headband that you're only using for one outfit? It's not the amount of objects and possessions you surround yourself with that matter, but whether it improves your quality of life. My wife and I were trapped by our belongings in our old home. In some ways, we still are in our new one. Stacks of DVDs, sewing supplies, and other abandoned hobbies when we had time for them have followed us into the new apartment. Yet we still haven't unpacked them because, well, there's no place for them to go.

There is something awe-inspiring that despite our best intentions, our human bodies don't remain on this earth nearly as long as the plastic items that we used. Awe-inspiring and awful in its longevity.

Dust collected in the corners of our towers of belongings, trapping us in a cathedral of forgotten goods, not unlike the Room of Requirement where Draco practiced his vanishing cabinets in The Half-Blood Prince. There would be one path in and out, so my wife and I would have to scoot out of one place if another wanted to walk by. Rarely would guests come over, simply because there was not much space for a comfortable visit. When your bed becomes the center of meaning in your apartment, the place where your meals are consumed, words are written, as well as the majority of your time at home, it was not unlike living in a dorm room, still feeling like I was in this purgatory of an undergraduate lifestyle.

All this stuff didn't make me happy. It bothered me. I felt like I was kept hostage by all my stuff and couldn't move freely throughout my living space. I would trip and inevitably cause a tower of carefully placed mail, magazines, and promotional key chains cascading to the floor, another mess to tiptoe around and later, pick up. My elbows would brush against another precarious stack invariably five minutes later. No, we weren't hoarders. Just living in a rent-controlled basement studio apartment in San Francisco. The golden handcuffs, where you couldn't move without paying exorbitantly more in monthly rent and having the requisite six roommates to make that said monthly rent. When we found our 1 bedroom, 1 bathroom in Berkeley, it felt like an opening for a new beginning. We could finally get our cat, couch, and a coat rack, a mantra my wife and I said to each other while lying in our full-size bed. It may not sound like much, but it's the little things that make a difference when you have little space.

I learned where I got it from once my father helped us move. He brought the old space heater that kept me warm when I was a child in the early 90s. I couldn't believe my eyes that this rickety radiator adjacent appliance had outlasted our years in my childhood home, kept among the debris of old soccer trophies, swim team ribbons, and sheets of piano music. When I went back to my parents apartment to gather my books that had been patiently waiting for me to have enough room for them five years later, I sorted through the artifacts of their own dreams too expensive to discard; sheets wrapped in plastic envelopes, sustainably sourced bamboo wooden spoons still in their mesh packaging, a Nutribullet in mint condition, and other various "as seen on TV" kitchen gadgets. So many new things just waiting to be used when the older version "wore out."

Clearly this is not limited to only my wife and I. As soon as we moved to Berkeley, we noticed new phenomena that people just…left stuff in front of other houses; old cribs, couches, a nonfunctional microwave. Buildings had signs emblazoned with "No Dumping" which finally made sense as we walked along hand in hand amongst the flotsam and jetsam of our street. Why would people just leave things for someone else to deal with, rather than throw them out themselves? I didn’t understand how people could offload their responsibility of stuff on others. However, getting rid of stuff is expensive. Junk removal costs money, city infrastructure for recycling costs tax dollars in short supply. It's easier to throw it away in landfill for those who are not fortunate enough to live in a wealthy city with new and developing recycling programs like San Francisco (for example, you can now recycle coffee cups in SF, plastic lid, sleeve and all).

But first, we needed to get rid of a lot of shit that wouldn't fit in the new apartment. We had old clothes, shoes, appliances, electronics, and tons of promotional items to get rid of (don't ever accept a free tote bag, y'all!). And we wanted to do it sustainably, instead of throwing away everything into the landfill bin. For one, there wasn't enough room as we were moving because our landlord died. Her children were dealing with a lifetime's worth of belongings by cramming everything into the garbage bin week by week. 81 years of living cannot be discarded in any meaningful way with this method. Ultimately, they hired junk removers but when we left; her children still weren't finished. They had just excavated the garage, jaws dropped at the sight of old Elizabeth Arden face cream from 1985, vintage furs molding in the San Francisco fog, and so many rusted cans of paint. The story of stuff is nothing new. We only take ourselves to the grave, leaving behind our lives in possessions for our descendants to manage.

You've found these formerly owned possessions before in your local thrift store, on the sidewalk, and in your home. We define ourselves by our possessions, what we wear, and how they are signifiers of our identities, rather than by our actions and what we say. I recall reading "If you're holding onto something out of guilt, get rid of it." There was so much guilt in all the possessions I held onto. The potential of what I could be, who I would be held in the promise of smaller sized clothing, clothes I made for myself that ended up being unwearable, and the things my mother purchased for me, forming me into her ideal image of a daughter. Yet I tried to purge myself of these as I moved to Berkeley, to shed an old skin, so I could grow a new one, tender under the sun.

Textiles, the new frontier for recycling in San Francisco, became easier than ever to rid ourselves of, no longer beholden to the gatekeepers at Crossroads or Buffalo exchange to give us paltry dollars in exchange for our outdated threads. We could just put our clean fabric and unwanted clothes in a clear plastic bag, and it could go in the blue recycling bin. Before 2018, we had to go to retail clothing stores that had a bin for recycled textiles, but the bins would always be full to bursting. After all, fast fashion is a booming toxic industry, with most synthetic petroleum-based fibers taking decades to decompose. The average American throws away 68 pounds of textiles per year. Inundated with messages about our dwindling resources, San Francisco citizens wanted to do their part. But the infrastructure couldn't meet the demand.

With 45 in the White House, the EPA loosening restrictions for air pollution, and Jakarta sinking due to the rising waters of climate change, as citizens of the human species we can no longer grant an all-access pass to the stuff that comes into our lives. Ideally, everyone's carbon footprint would be zero, there would be no single-use plastics, and we would bring our own reusable coffee cups to every café. But that is not the reality. Consumer capitalism encourages us to participate effectively by marketing everything to us. Flyers that withstand the rain have a special plastic coating are now unrecyclable. The advent of Google Express and Amazon have increased the amount of cardboard our local recycling facilities intake every day. As I write this on top of Grizzly Peak overlooking the entire Bay Area, there are rusted bottle caps, cigarette butts, bits of broken glass littering the ground next to my feet. Human brought these with them. And they left them behind.

What do you do with your shoelaces, once you are done with them? The plastic ends of the shoelaces don't allow for it to be textile recycled, you can't recycle the plastic coating bits in your home recycling bin. So you throw them away. Teabags with staples cannot be composted, or recycled, so into the trash it goes. What about all those plastic eyeliner pencils you don't have to sharpen but just twist up? So convenient! Yet into the trash bin it goes, because we haven't figure out a way to recycle those either. It goes back to the manufacturer, the research, and design process, with items being invented to collect your dollars, short-term profits, and your customer loyalty over the next organization marketing a lifestyle, a way of looking, or even just eating. The brands that are trying, such as Lush Cosmetics, are incredibly popular thanks to their green-washing marketing. Environmentalism is also a feminist issue, as the majorities of women produce, grow, and feed the world as well as fulfill the roles as nurturers of their families. We will all be subject to rising tides, volatile weather that will harm crop production, affect where humans can live, and what we can eat. But ultimately, stakeholder profits are on the line and sustainability is simply, too expensive and seen as repressing innovation. Just ask Trump.

First, you can start in your very own community. Find out whom the person in your apartment complex who keeps throwing away their plastic bottles in the trash can…or the compost. Strike up a conversation, teach them about recycling or be the person who volunteers are your recycling center. It will change the way you view our mass consumption habits. Clean up your neighborhood by picking up litter with your friends. I promise you, its there if you take a second look. Humans did this to the Earth, but we can fix it. Repair items, instead of throwing away and replacing them. Stop impulse-purchasing stuff that will go out of fashion in a season. Do you really need that polyester unicorn headband that you're only using for one outfit? It's not the amount of objects and possessions you surround yourself with that matter, but whether it improves your quality of life. My wife and I were trapped by our possession in our old home. In some ways, we still are in our new one. Stacks of DVDs, sewing supplies, and other abandoned hobbies when we had time for them followed us into the new apartment. Yet we still haven't unpacked them because, well, there's no place for them to go.

There is something awe-inspiring that despite our best intentions, our human vessels don't remain on this earth nearly as long as the plastic items that we used. Awe-inspiring and awful in its longevity.

Dena Rod is an Iranian American writer, editor, and poet. They're a graduate of San Francisco State University, where they received a Master’s Degree in English Literature. You can find more of their work in CCSF’s Forum Literary Magazine, Endangered Species, Enduring Values: An Anthology of San Francisco Area Writers and Artists of Color, and the upcoming anthology Iran Musings: Stories and Memories from the Iranian Diaspora (Release Date: 2019).

#earth day #capitalism #Dena Rod #journey

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stevescoles · 8 years ago

Text

Hilary Scott discovers how the University of Northampton fashion department is designing for the future…

The word ‘fashion’ will probably prompt one of two pretty polarised responses: a frivolous, superficial obsession of (mainly) women, or a crucial, confidence-boosting, creative reflection of the individual.

Or maybe it’s just clothes.

But as Mark Twain famously stated: “Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.”

Influence is something the fashion industry has in spades. Fashion makes over £28billion direct contribution to the economy in the UK alone. Take that influence global, and the figures are staggering: $2.5 trillion, according the World Economic Forum.

What we might forget as consumers flicking through the rails of generic High Street stores is what gets that shirt on the shelves; that fashion provides over 900,000 UK jobs, the largest employer of all the UK’s creative industries, according to the British Fashion Council. The supply chain is fragmented and global; you may find that your £15 cardigan has been across the world and back before it made it into your wardrobe: designed in the UK, patterns sent electronically to China, cut from chemically-treated fabric sourced in India, sewn together in Turkey and shipped back to the UK aboard a huge container ship processed through our ever-growing commercial ports. Then there’s the lorry haulage to distribution warehouses before it gets to the shelves.

Emmeline Child Programme Leader Fashion and Textiles

“Fashion might be the 4th biggest industry worldwide, but it also has a major issue: that global fashion just isn’t sustainable,” says Emmeline Child, Programme Leader for Fashion and Textiles at The University of Northampton.

“You buy a ‘fast fashion’ item that costs a few pounds, wear it a few times and send it to the charity shop or waste recycling bin. A small percentage of items are resold but the rest is bailed and sent abroad, mainly to Africa where it is sold on markets.

“Quite a considerable amount of western clothing that is sold in countries within Africa, gets a second life. However if it is not resold on the markets out there, then western clothing is ending up in African landfill sites. Often this product takes a long time to decompose, if at all due to the synthetic materials it is made from.”

And Emmeline knows this from experience. Apart from helping dozens of bright new designers and technicians graduate each year, including at this year’s Graduate Fashion Show, she also contributes to research into sustainable fashion, having had her own rapid rise to fashion fame in her early 20s.

“You might imagine that fashion graduates just go into high-end design houses – but my career was slightly less glamorous: I started on a project working with the Salvation Army’s redundant stock. I made ‘up-cycled’ clothes and got a line in Topshop at 24 and was showing in Paris by the age of 26. It was an amazing whirlwind.”

This slideshow requires JavaScript.

When the markets crashed in 2008, Emmeline decided to continue her work on tackling the growing problem of waste clothing, returning to Northampton to do a PhD in up-scaling and up-cycling with large manufacturers like H&M.

The figures on clothing waste are as eye-as the cost of a Birkin handbag: According to research published in The Ecologist, approximately two-thirds of clothing materials are sent to landfills, making it the fastest growing component in the household waste stream. Within the last five years, textiles disposed of in landfill sites have risen from 7% to 30%. But Emmeline says that despite the frightening rise in waste fabrics, all is not lost for the world of ‘fast fashion’ and we won’t all be forced to invest in expensive wool and silks – there are new alternative fabrics being developed.

Interviewing an expert in fabric recycling brought some guilt at my own clothing choices – and not just because of my lack of style. I was wearing a thin navy cardie during our interview: bought from a high street retailer and made of a synthetic fabric.

“The processes used to make fabrics usable can be chemically harsh, many man-made fibres are derived from plastics and are therefore petroleum based. Then the dying process requires huge amounts of water, and emit chemicals that if not handled correctly can end up in our global waterways,” said Emmeline, “but it’s from M&S and they’re one of the High street retailers working hard at reducing their overall carbon footprint.”

But does this mean we’re all going to have to wear identical, itchy, dye-free eco-clothes of off-white hemp?

“No, the UK is leading the way in sustainability research and that means new materials are going to start to replace the plastic and oil-based man-made fibres that don’t break down, this will all eventually be on the High Street,” Emmeline says.

There are already plant-based fabrics like those made of soya and bamboo, as well as some which sound even weirder, like some made from pineapple or by-products from the wine industry. Designer Suzanne Lee makes clothes out of a culture made from yeast and green tea, which you can literally put on your compost heap once you’ve discarded it from your wardrobe.

But don’t go chucking your cast-offs in the compost just yet.

“The best thing you can do with your used clothing is to give it to charities such as the Salvation Army when you no longer need it. They will make sure your product is dealt with ethically as well as raising money for fantastic causes,” says Emmeline.

The sustainability message is firmly embedded in all the fashion teaching at the University of Northampton, whose final year students featured at Graduate Fashion Week 2017. Previous graduates have gone on to work in famous fashion houses like McQueen and Vivienne Westwood.

“Northampton is unique for those wanting careers in fashion because of its leather heritage, and we are the only university with a working tannery, as well as having state of the art pattern-cutting equipment. We teach a broad range of skills as well as theory and have a fantastic range of resources, which will all come with us when we move to the new Waterside Campus.”

I might not be rushing out to buy a coat made of pineapple just yet, but researching fashion a little more deeply than whether ra-ra skirts are making a comeback has made me look twice at what I’m wearing, and not just with the usual sigh after catching sight of my outfit choice in the mirror.

Fast fashion’s global challenge starts with us Hilary Scott discovers how the University of Northampton fashion department is designing for the future... The word ‘fashion’ will probably prompt one of two pretty polarised responses: a frivolous, superficial obsession of (mainly) women, or a crucial, confidence-boosting, creative reflection of the individual.

#Emmeline Child #Hilary Scott #University of Northampton

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