#arduino digital door lock

[souhaillaghchimdev]

Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT) Programming

The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the way we interact with devices, allowing everyday objects to connect to the internet and share data. From smart homes and wearables to industrial automation, IoT is reshaping the world. In this post, we'll dive into the basics of IoT programming and how you can start creating your own smart applications.

What is IoT?

IoT refers to a network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet.

Key Components of IoT Systems

Devices/Sensors: Physical components that collect data (e.g., temperature sensors, motion detectors).

Connectivity: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa, or cellular networks to transmit data.

Data Processing: Microcontrollers or cloud services process the incoming data.

User Interface: Web/mobile applications to monitor and control devices.

Popular IoT Hardware Platforms

Arduino: An open-source electronics platform based on simple microcontrollers.

Raspberry Pi: A small, affordable computer ideal for more powerful IoT applications.

ESP8266/ESP32: Low-cost Wi-Fi-enabled microchips widely used in IoT projects.

Languages Used in IoT Programming

C/C++: Commonly used for low-level programming on microcontrollers like Arduino.

Python: Popular for Raspberry Pi and edge computing due to its simplicity.

JavaScript (Node.js): Useful for IoT dashboards and server-side applications.

MicroPython: A lightweight version of Python optimized for microcontrollers.

Example: Blinking an LED with Arduino

void setup() { pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // Set digital pin 13 as output } void loop() { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // Turn the LED on delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second digitalWrite(13, LOW); // Turn the LED off delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second }

IoT Data Handling and Cloud Integration

Once your devices are collecting data, you'll need to store and analyze it. Here are some common platforms:

ThingSpeak: A simple platform for IoT data logging and visualization.

Firebase: Real-time database ideal for mobile IoT applications.

AWS IoT Core: Scalable cloud service for managing IoT devices.

MQTT Protocol: Lightweight messaging protocol used for IoT device communication.

Popular IoT Projects to Try

Smart door lock controlled by a mobile app

Home temperature monitor with alerts

Motion detection security camera

Plant watering system based on soil moisture levels

Fitness tracker using accelerometers

Best Practices for IoT Programming

Use lightweight protocols and efficient code to conserve resources.

Secure your devices with strong authentication and encryption.

Plan for over-the-air (OTA) updates to patch software bugs.

Reduce power consumption for battery-powered devices.

Test in real-world conditions to ensure reliability.

Conclusion

IoT programming opens the door to endless possibilities for innovation and automation. Whether you're just blinking LEDs or building a smart home system, learning IoT programming will give you the skills to bring physical objects to life through code. Start simple, keep exploring, and gradually build smarter and more connected projects.

[svsembedded]

Examination Room Guide using FINGER PRINT, RFID with Arduino and GSM-SMS Alert Jumbling System EXAMS | Examination Guide using RFID and Fingerprint Module for Jumbling System with Arduino | examination room guidance system using rfid and Arduino | examination room guide using rfid | fingerprint based bank locker system using arduino | fingerprint based electronic voting machine using arduino ppt | automated attendance system with finger print and gsm | attendance management with biometric and sms alerts | automatic ration distribution system using gsm and rfid.***********************************************************If You Want To Purchase the Full Working Project KITMail Us: svsembedded@gmail.comTitle Name Along With You-Tube Video LinkWe are Located at Telangana, Hyderabad, Boduppal. Project Changes also Made according to Student Requirementshttp://svsembedded.com/                  https://www.svskits.in/ http://svsembedded.in/                  http://www.svskit.com/M1: 91 9491535690                  M2: 91 7842358459 We Will Send Working Model Project KIT through DTDC / DHL / Blue Dart / First Flight Courier ServiceWe Will Provide Project Soft Data through Google Drive1. Project Abstract / Synopsis 2. Project Related Datasheets of Each Component3. Project Sample Report / Documentation4. Project Kit Circuit / Schematic Diagram 5. Project Kit Working Software Code6. Project Related Software Compilers7. Project Related Sample PPT’s8. Project Kit Photos9. Project Kit Working Video linksLatest Projects with Year Wise YouTube video Links157 Projects  https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2022.php135 Projects  https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2021.php 151 Projects  https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2020.php103 Projects  https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2019.php61 Projects    https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2018.php171 Projects  https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2017.php170 Projects  https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2016.php67 Projects    https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2015.php55 Projects    https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2014.php43 Projects    https://svsembedded.com/ieee_2013.php1100 Projects https://www.svskit.com/2022/02/900-pr...***********************************************************1. RFID Based Access Control System Using Arduino | Arduino to Excel Communication (PLX-DAQ) | Library,2. DIY Smart Auto Billing Shopping Trolley Using Arduino Automated Shopping Cart with Add/Delete ITEMS,3. Smart Door Locks Security System using ESP32-CAM with QR Code,4. Digital Temperature Controller | Temperature Controlled Fan Using 8051,5. GSM Based Smart Energy Meter with Arduino Project,6. Arduino Based Automatic Engine Locking System for Drunken Drivers,7. Medicine Reminder System | Smart Medicine Pill Reminder Project,8. Smart E - Agriculture Monitoring Based on Arduino With Android App

[chaerulanam1412]

Tutorial ESP32 Kunci Pintu 3in1 Fingerprint Keypad 4x3 dan RFID PN532

Tutorial ESP32 Kunci Pintu 3in1 Fingerprint Keypad 4×3 dan RFID PN532

Kunci pintu digital atau digital door lock merupakan projek yang banyak diminati oleh banyak orang, dan kali ini saya akan membuat kunci pintu digital yang di akses dengan tiga jenis sensor ESP32, Keypad 4×3, Fingerprint dan RFID PN532. Solenoid door lock yang saya gunakan adalah modul digital lock yang ada dipasaran seharga 40 ribu rupiah an, sedangkan untuk driver nya saya menggunakan modul…

[coentownson-blog]

Plans for the near future

While studying this term I have been introduced to so many new possibilities and ideas that I am really excited to play around with. Unfortunately throughout this term I have been fairly strapped for time and have not been able to put any of these ideas into action, but I have spent some downtime fleshing out these plans/ideas so I thought I’d put them on here.

First things first I want to create an ubuntu server - I will use digital ocean to host the server just on the cheapest plan, (hot tip if you didn’t know, get the github student dev pack for good deals on things like digital ocean).

Once I get the server up and running I will use it to host a very basic personal website where I want to continue with some occasional blogs and project updates.

I am also really interested in playing around with an arduino or rasperry pi for a couple of things:

I want to use an RFID scanner to take a look at the contents of my expired lift pass for a ski resort (NOTE: I will be following the terms and conditions of the pass which states that no alterations may be made to or from the pass, I will only be reading the data from the card and then deleting it - no copies or duplicates will be made.)

I want to try and read the NFC data from one of my debit cards (not in use obviously) as well as from my phone and investigate what has been sold there and also if I can I want to test the range of the reader to see how easy it is for an attacker to take money on the street without you noticing.

I want to set up a WEP scanner and try to find some WEP networks in my area. I would also like to set up a WEP network of my own and see what I can do with that.

I would like to try and have an led hooked up to a keypad or some kind of security measure, such that the correct input turns on the light (basic proof of concept for a door lock activating type thing). Once I get that set up I want to bypass the keypad and try to turn the light on without entering any password. I haven’t done a whole bunch of planning for this one just yet and need to be really careful not to fry my board but if the proof of concept works then I will have a look for a cheap electric door lock and put that to the test.

So those are my plans for the holidays and beginning of next term when hopefully I have some more time. I will post a link to my website whenever I finish that so stay tuned

[sectrakul]

Proposal for something Awesome [EDITED - v1.1]

Topic: Facial Recognition Door Knob

My proposal for “Something Awesome Project” would be to working on “Facial Recognition Door Lock by using Raspberry Pi”.

Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that enables people to create various electronic devices, with a use of high-level programming language (e.g., Python). Ideally, it is possible to integrate it with a simple electronic circuit having relay as a main component to act as a switch to enable the door knob.

I have not had any chance to work on the project that need both software and hardware area before. So I would like to use this opportunity to work in something that I am personally interested in and to push myself forward. Here is my ideas about how it works which could be change due to the development.

With the use of Raspberry Pi (have not been finalised, might change to arduino R3 if it is better), high-level programming can be implemented on it. This can be use as a core of this project to link between facial recognition software and electronic component (door knob).

I would not finalised how the electronic component and circuit design because there are many options to be selected. So in the early state of the design, I might use an LED light to indicate the door knob functionality (for instance light-on: unlock, light-off:lock), then the circuit is going to be designed after the simple model work correctly and here is what I was thinking about in that state.

Relay module is connected into the board, this is going to act as a switch to enable/disable digital output signal which can connected direct to a door knob part.

I personally would like to use it in creating software part by using tensorflow, since I did self-study on it last year and did some simple image processing in converting hand writing into a text but have no experience in any object detection. However, if I could not do it, OpenCV (I have no experience) is my second plan in creating software part.

Planing

I wish to set out the working on my project as follows

Weeks 3: Doing research about facial recognition API and design the circuit.

Weeks 4-6: implementing software part for facial recognition and electronic circuit (with Raspberry Pi, external camera and relay module integrated.)

Weeks 7-8: Unexpected problems and finishing up

Stages and Milestones. [EDITED]

Basic Goals.

Implementing facial recognition software

Creating simple designed electronic model of Raspberri Pi to run the software above

Extension

Uploading progress and demonstration of the facial recognition in each iteration

Writing tutorial and guide on how to build it.

Marking Criteria [EDITED]

Although I have some knowledges about electronic circuits, I have never worked on any practical hardware project before. I could not confidentially ensure that the project would be eventually end up with well-functioned facial recognition uploaded into electronic circuit board that work correctly with the user. So I have created my marking system.

FL - No attempt

PS - Minimal attempt in the project.

CR - Consistent blogs every week in updating what I have done on doing research and how I manage to design the circuit and software implementation.

DN - Either electronic circuit or software is complete but might not work properly (For example, the software works on laptop but not work on the circuit since the different in version or operating system on the board).

HD - The electronic circuit connect to all the component and be able to work with facial recognition software to enable the digital output signal. An extension part is finished.

[mosammatsultana]

Final Project Idea

we need to secure a room at our home or office so that no one can access the room without our permission and ensure protection against theft or loss of our important accessories and assets. There are so many types of security systems present today but behind the scene, for authentication they all relay on fingerprint, retina scanner, iris scanner, face id, tongue scanner, RFID reader, password, pin, patterns, etc. Off all the solutions the low-cost one is to use a password or pin-based system. So, in this project, I have built an Arduino Keypad Door Lock which can be mounted to any of our existing doors to secure them with a digital password.

List of components

• Arduino Uno/Pro/Mini or Custom board using Atmega 328p Microcontroller

• 16 x 2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

• 4 x 3 or 4 x 4 matrix keypad for Arduino

• Servo motor

• Additional components for power supply of 1 Amp 5 Volt mobile charger

• jumper wires, nuts bolts, plastic casing, etc.

[newstfionline]

A Future Where Everything Becomes a Computer Is as Creepy as You Feared

By Farhad Manjoo, NY Times, Oct. 10, 2018

More than 40 years ago, Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft with a vision for putting a personal computer on every desk.

No one really believed them, so few tried to stop them. Then before anyone realized it, the deed was done: Just about everyone had a Windows machine, and governments were left scrambling to figure out how to put Microsoft’s monopoly back in the bottle.

This sort of thing happens again and again in the tech industry. Audacious founders set their sights on something hilariously out of reach--Mark Zuckerberg wants to connect everyone--and the very unlikeliness of their plans insulates them from scrutiny. By the time the rest of us catch up to their effects on society, it’s often too late to do much about them.

It is happening again now. In recent years, the tech industry’s largest powers set their sights on a new target for digital conquest. They promised wild conveniences and unimaginable benefits to our health and happiness. There’s just one catch, which often goes unstated: If their novelties take off without any intervention or supervision from the government, we could be inviting a nightmarish set of security and privacy vulnerabilities into the world. And guess what. No one is really doing much to stop it.

The industry’s new goal? Not a computer on every desk nor a connection between every person, but something grander: a computer inside everything, connecting everyone.

Cars, door locks, contact lenses, clothes, toasters, refrigerators, industrial robots, fish tanks, sex toys, light bulbs, toothbrushes, motorcycle helmets--these and other everyday objects are all on the menu for getting “smart.” Hundreds of small start-ups are taking part in this trend--known by the marketing catchphrase “the internet of things”--but like everything else in tech, the movement is led by giants, among them Amazon, Apple and Samsung.

For instance, Amazon last month showed off a microwave powered by Alexa, its voice assistant. Amazon will sell the microwave for $60, but it is also selling the chip that gives the device its smarts to other manufacturers, making Alexa connectivity a just-add-water proposition for a wide variety of home appliances, like fans and toasters and coffee makers. And this week, both Facebook and Google unveiled their own home “hub” devices that let you watch videos and perform other digital tricks by voice.

You might dismiss many of these innovations as pretty goofy and doomed to failure. But everything big in tech starts out looking silly, and statistics show the internet of things is growing quickly. It is wiser, then, to imagine the worst--that the digitization of just about everything is not just possible but likely, and that now is the time to be freaking out about the dangers.

“I’m not pessimistic generally, but it’s really hard not to be,” said Bruce Schneier, a security consultant who explores the threats posed by the internet of things in a new book, “Click Here to Kill Everybody.”

Mr. Schneier argues that the economic and technical incentives of the internet-of-things industry do not align with security and privacy for society generally. Putting a computer in everything turns the whole world into a computer security threat--and the hacks and bugs uncovered in just the last few weeks at Facebook and Google illustrate how difficult digital security is even for the biggest tech companies. In a roboticized world, hacks would not just affect your data but could endanger your property, your life and even national security.

Mr. Schneier says only government intervention can save us from such emerging calamities. He calls for reimagining the regulatory regime surrounding digital security in the same way the federal government altered its national security apparatus after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Among other ideas, he outlines the need for a new federal agency, the National Cyber Office, which he imagines researching, advising and coordinating a response to threats posed by an everything-internet.

“I can think of no industry in the past 100 years that has improved its safety and security without being compelled to do so by government,” he wrote. But he conceded that government intervention seems unlikely at best. “In our government-can’t-do-anything-ever society, I don’t see any reining in of the corporate trends,” he said.

Those trends are now obvious. It used to be difficult to add internet connectivity to home devices, but in the last few years the cost and complexity of doing so have plummeted. Today, off-the-shelf minicomputers like the Arduino can be used to turn just about any household object “smart.” Systems like the one Amazon is offering promise to accelerate the development of internet-of-things devices even further.

At a press event last month, an Amazon engineer showed how easily a maker of household fans could create a “smart” fan using Amazon’s chip, known as the Alexa Connect Kit. The kit, which Amazon is testing with some manufacturers, would simply be plugged into the fan’s control unit during assembly. The manufacturer also has to write a few lines of code--in the example of the fan, the Amazon engineer needed just a half-page of code.

And that’s it. The fan’s digital bits (including security and cloud storage) are all handled by Amazon. If you buy it from Amazon, the fan will automatically connect with your home network and start obeying commands issued to your Alexa. Just plug it in.

This system illustrates Mr. Schneier’s larger argument, which is that the cost of adding computers to objects will get so small that it will make sense for manufacturers to connect every type of device to the internet.

Sometimes, smarts will lead to conveniences--you can yell at your microwave to reheat your lunch from across the room. Sometimes it will lead to revenue opportunities--Amazon’s microwave will reorder popcorn for you when you’re running low. Sometimes smarts are used for surveillance and marketing, like the crop of smart TVs that track what you watch for serving up ads.

Even if the benefits are tiny, they create a certain market logic; at some point not long from now, devices that don’t connect to the internet will be rarer than ones that do.

The trouble, though, is that business models for these device don’t often allow for the kind of continuing security maintenance that we are used to with more traditional computing devices. Apple has an incentive to keep writing security updates to keep your iPhone secure; it does so because iPhones sell for a lot of money, and Apple’s brand depends on keeping you safe from digital terrors.

But manufacturers of low-margin home appliances have little such expertise, and less incentive. That’s why the internet of things has so far been synonymous with terrible security--why the F.B.I. had to warn parents last year about the dangers of “smart toys,” and why Dan Coats, the director of national intelligence, has identified smart devices as a growing threat to national security.

Connecting everything could bring vast benefits to society. But the menace could be just as vast. Why not go slowly into the uncertain future?

[educationtech]

IoT Standards & Protocols Guide - Arya College

The essence of IoT is networking that students of information technology college should be followed. In other words, technologies will use in IoT with a set protocol that they will use for communications. In Communication, a protocol is basically a set of rules and guidelines for transferring data. Rules defined for every step and process during communication between two or more computers. Networks must follow certain rules to successfully transmit data.

While working on a project, there are some requirements that must be completed like speed, range, utility, power, discoverability, etc. and a protocol can easily help them find a way to understand and solve the problem. Some of them includes the following:

The List

There are some most popular IoT protocols that the engineers of Top Engineering Colleges in India should know. These are primarily wireless network IoT protocols.

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over some short distances ranges from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs). It invented by Dutch electrical engineer, that is, Jaap Haartsen who is working for telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994. It was originally developed as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables.

ZigBee

ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols that are used by the students of best engineering colleges to create personal area networks. It includes small, low-power digital radios like medical device data collection, home automation, and other low-power low-bandwidth needs, designed for small scale projects which need wireless connection. Hence, ZigBee is a low data rate, low-power, and close proximity wireless ad hoc network.

Z-wave

Z-Wave – a wireless communications protocol used by the students of Top Information Technology Colleges primarily for home automation. It is a mesh network using low-energy radio waves to communicate from appliance to appliance which allows wireless control of residential appliances and other devices like lighting control, thermostats, security systems, windows, locks, swimming pools and garage door openers.

Thread

A very new IP-based IPv6 networking protocols aims at the home automation environment is Thread. It is based on 6LowPAN and also like it; it is not an IoT protocols like Bluetooth or ZigBee. However, it primarily designed as a complement to Wi-Fi and recognises that Wi-Fi is good for many consumer devices with limitations for use in a home automation setup.

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices according to the IEEE 802.11 standards. The Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance which prohibits the use of the term Wi-Fi Certified to products that can successfully complete interoperability certification testing.

Devices that can use Wi-Fi technology mainly include personal computers, digital cameras, video-game consoles, smartphones and tablets, smart TVs, digital audio players and modern printers. Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the Internet through WLAN and a wireless access point. Such an access point has a range of about 20 meters indoors with a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that restricts radio waves, or as large as many square kilometres that is achieved by using multiple overlapping access points.

LoRaWAN

LoRaWAN a media access control protocol mainly used for wide area networks. It designed to enable students of private engineering colleges in India to communicate through low-powered devices with Internet-connected applications over long-range wireless connections. LoRaWAN can be mapped to the second and third layer of the OSI model. It also implemented on top of LoRa or FSK modulation in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands.

NFC

Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enable students of best engineering colleges in India two electronic devices. One of them is usually a portable device like a smartphone, to establish communication by bringing them within 4cm (1.6 in) of each other.

These devices used in contactless payment systems like to those used in credit cards and electronic ticket smartcards and enable mobile payment to replace/supplement these systems. Sometimes, this referred to as NFC/CTLS (Contactless) or CTLS NFC. NFC used for social networking, for sharing contacts, videos, photos,or files. NFC-enabled devices can act as electronic identity both documents and keycards. NFC also offers a low-speed connection with simple setup that can be used by the students of top btech colleges in India to bootstrap more capable wireless connections.

Cellular

IoT application that requires operation over longer distances can take benefits of GSM/3G/4G cellular communication capabilities. While cellular is clearly capable of sending high quantities of data. Especially for 4G with the expense and also power consumption will be too high for many applications. Also, it can ideal for sensor-based low-bandwidth-data projects that will send very low amounts of data over the Internet. A key product in this area is the SparqEE range of products including the original tiny CELLv1.0 low-cost development board and a series of shield connecting boards for use with the Raspberry Pi and Arduino platforms.

Sigfox

This unique approach in the world of wireless connectivity; where there is no signalling overhead, a compact and optimized protocol; and where objects not attached to the network. So, Sigfox offers a software-based communications solution to the students of top engineering colleges in India. Where all the network and computing complexity managed in the Cloud, rather than on the devices. All that together, it drastically reduces energy consumption and costs of connected devices.

SigFox wireless technology is based on LTN (Low Throughput Network). A wide area network-based technology which supports low data rate communication over larger distances. However, it mainly used for M2M and IoT applications which transmits only few bytes per day.

[pantechelearning]

Top INTERNET OF THINGS PROJECTS Online Simply saying, Internet of Things is the idea of basically connecting any device with an on and off button to the Internet. It is a Huge Network of connecting things and people. So, if you are a new comer, the best thing you can do is work on some real-time Internet of Things Projects. Internet of Things Projects can help you to boost your career in this field Pantech eLearning is a Chennai based Online Learning Service provider. We are offering projects on IoT. Our Internet of Things Projects introduces you to the amazing world of IoT and its fascinating applications. Given below is the Top Internet of Things Projects we are providing: · Automatic Ambulance Rescue System · Smart ATM Security · Blind People Navigation System · Iot Based Bus Tracking System · Digital Door Lock with Mail Alert · Wet and Dry Waste Segregation · Smart band for Monitoring Health · Energy Meter using Arduino Visit our Website and Book your Projects Now. Link : https://lnkd.in/eWFcaXV #iot #iotdevelopment #iottrends #iotplatforms #iotapplications #iotdata #iotdevices #iotconnectivity #iotproject #internetofthings #projects #elearning #onlinelearning #chennai #coimbatore #hyderabad #vijayawada #india https://instagr.am/p/CLOthYgJSoA/

[pantechlearning]

There was a sudden increase in the number of users of the internet over the past decade. This made the Internet a part of our life, and also Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest and emerging internet technology. With this technology we can connect, interact and command any Device using the Internet. It is a Huge Network of connecting things and people. So, if you are a new comer, the best thing you can do is work on some real-time Internet of Things Projects.

Why IoT is Important?

Simply saying, this is the idea of basically connecting any device with an on and off button to the Internet. This contains everything from mobile phones, Televisions, washing machines, Air conditioners, bulbs, wearable devices and almost anything else you can think of. Almost any physical object can also transform into an Internet of Things device if it can connect to the internet to control or communicate information.

All the major engineering and IT companies are investing more money in the area of IoT. They will continue to invest as they understand the potential of the technology. Also, Internet of Things Projects is an inspiration to students who wish to learn more about this technology.

Internet of Things Projects can help you to boost your career in this field

Pantech eLearning is a Chennai based Online Learning Service provider. We are offering projects on IoT. Our Internet of Things Projects introduces you to the amazing world of IoT and its fascinating applications.

Given below is the Top 10 Internet of Things Projects we are providing:

Automatic Ambulance Rescue System

The main aim of this scheme is to provide a smooth flow for the ambulance to reach the hospitals in time. The ambulance is controlled by the central unit which furnishes the scantest route to the ambulance and also controls the traffic light according to the ambulance location.

Smart ATM Security

In this proposed system, not only the valid card holder is allowed and also only by the knowledge of account holder any one can enter into the ATM by using account holders ATM card. If any unauthorized person is inserted ATM card, their picture with one OTP will be sent to account holders mail.

Driver Warning System Using Brain Computer Interface

A mobile system design that detects the distractions of drivers via EEG signals is proposed.

Blind People Navigation System

This projects aims to design and also implement a deep learning based vision assistant module for the visually impaired.

Iot Based Bus Tracking System

In this paper we present bus a system which kept stationary at the bus-stand and also a system which kept at bus that can effectively help the public to participate in bus transportation facilities to its fullest.

Digital Door Lock With Mail Alert

The goal of this paper is to design and implement a home security system by integrating smart phone and also home network service in the absence of residents.

Wet and Dry Waste Segregation

Solid waste and also electronic waste materials can be segregate automatically those obtain from each house in cities or town using IOT.

Smart band for Monitoring Health

This paper proposes a wearable sensor node that enables the implementation of an autonomous biomedical monitoring system.

Energy Meter using Arduino

Environmental sensors embedded with ZigBee router modules distributes to different locations to collect the environmental data.

Baggage tracking and handling by RFID in Airport

A system that can trace bags depends on a unique identity given by a RFID system.

Visit our Website and Book your Projects Now.

[planetarduino]

Create your own crack the code game with an Arduino-controlled safe

Michael Klements’ Arduino Uno-controlled “safe” may not be the most secure model that you can find, but it certainly looks like a very entertaining puzzle. 

Users can place whatever “treasure” they want hidden inside, shut the door, and press a rotary encoder button to lock it via a micro servo. They then must decipher a randomly generated four-digit code to get it open again.

Number guesses are input using the encoder dial on the front, which are displayed by a small OLED I2C screen. Green and red LEDs provide feedback as to how many digits are correct and if they’re in the right position, eventually letting users figure out where everything goes by a process of elimination.

Create your own crack the code game with an Arduino-controlled safe was originally published on PlanetArduino

[sectrakul]

[Something awesome] iteration #6 [FINAL]

This is my last blog about my awesome project. There were so many problems happened along the way before I finished this blog. My Raspberry Pi got bricked 3 hours after I had finished integrating hardware and software components together. So I had no chance to record the video of it.

I spent fully 2 and days to reinstall the and set things up in my spare raspberry pi (As I mentioned in #5.5). However, it did not turn out as I had expected. Raspbian Buster, the latest version of the raspberry pi operating system, created for Raspberry Pi 4 which is the new model, is not 100% compatible with my model B+ and causes so many trouble while installing OpenCV module which takes 2-3 hours each time. It kept ending with error installation around 88-100% of the installation. I tried 5 different versions of this module (3.4, 3.4.1, 3.2.0, 4.0.0, 4.0.1) but all of them failed. I felt kind of regret that I did not take a video of my project before it got brick.

Fortunately, Last night at 3am, I decided to move on and looking for a way to make my software run in Arduino UNO in order to have some simulation to be shown in the presentation. Thanks to my Thai electrical engineering friend that guided me through this. So apart from how to do GPIO programming in python (for Raspberry Pi), I would write about how to control Arduino UNO through pyFirmata (module for python3) as another extension that was not mentioned in the proposal.

Redesigned Circuit

This is my new circuit connection. One more LED diode has been added and move the 5V DC source to NC side of the relay module. This would make the circuit to have 2 led color that can indicate door being locked or unlocked. 

This is what it looks like in the real connection. It becomes way cleaner than the previous one having very messy wires and jumpers. 

The green light indicates that the door is unlocked, while red is the opposite way.

GPIO programming for Raspberry Pi

Example of GPIO programming on Raspberry Pi

After I have both software and hardware prepared good enough to be put together, the time that I have been waiting for so long is here! 

Let’s put them together and create a really cool facial recognition doorknob system. What I have to do is just set the digitalWrite signal to enable the relay module once my face is detected.

Firstly, the GPIO module is needed if this software is going to run on Raspberry Pi. It basically allows you to access all the pin on the board.

Next step is about to pick one pin as an output. The code below takes care of that.

Then add a couple line of codes to make the pin to send digital output to the GPIO port in our circuit. A new code including line 22, 23, 41, and 50 to 55. It is very basic logic.

pyFirmata programming for Arduino UNO

This section is an additional one from having bricked Raspberry Pi. It is just to test that software and hardware can run together correctly because all of the computational parts are done by the laptop connected to Arduino. So the board is basically just a tool to send a digital signal to the circuit, no computation stuff at all.

So a module taking care of controlling the output pin in this time is pyFirmata. To do this you need to upload a standard program of Firmata into the Arduino board.

Arduino software provides you this program. You do not even have to learn how to code about this. PyFirmata is a program that changes your Arduino, that usually perform a software part, this burden is pushed to the high-level programming side (python in this time). So we can do everything, for example, reading and writing the pins.

The codes above have to be added into the main program of the recognition. It just specifies the port address connecting to the board, sets input and output pins. 

The first method is the detect. It is almost exactly the same as in iteration #5. The only difference is that I changed i and j into the boolean flags.

This is pretty much the same as last iteration’s code as well. Lines 28 to 32 are added. Just only 4 lines of code, we can have our system run on Arduino UNO! Isn’t it cool?

Running the program!

After all the time I spent on this project, this is the moment I have been waiting for. The facial recognition system that I created myself, got out of my comfort zone to build it from the scratch and researched heaps of self-learning. This video below could describe everything.

Video of the final result

Conclusion

This is a very long journey for me. I have learned a lot and my perspective of computer vision technology has been completely changed as well. I was really excited and proud of myself in the presentation today when I tested my program and shown it in the class. The reaction of everyone in the tutorial class made me feel like all the hard work paid off. Although my ways of explaining things are not that good, I hope you enjoy my blog and can gain at least some new knowledge from it. Cheers!

[ukbitsolutions]

IOT - Glossary - A

New Post has been published on https://www.ukbitsolutions.com/blog/iot_glossary_a/

IOT - Glossary - A

IoT

Introduction

IoT has taken over our lives. As you have come to this blog you already know about it.

Whether you are interested in smart homes, smart cities, cutting edge computing, or IIoT, We’ve compiled a list of devices, protocols, and IoT-centric phrases that you should know while you dive into our connected future. If we missed something, let us know in the comments and provide us with new terminologies and what should be a good definition. In a way its your dictionary.

IT being part of new era of devices with endless list of terms. Thus we showcase here only Glossary starting with alphabet “A”. Keep following our blog for updated list.

Glossary A

AAA

AAA meaning is its full form only i.e. Authentication, Authorization & Accounting.

  AAL – Ambient Assisted Living

AAL are Intelligent systems that are to assist the elderly and others with care activities daily, mostly through IoT technology. Where application fields are mainly security (for example, observation), functionality (such as automated light switches), and entertainment.

  ACaaS – Access Control as a Service

A recurring fee-based system where a facility manager outsources electronic access control to a third party. Each facility need not maintain a dedicated server.

  Acceleration Sensing

It’s a concept referring to the increase in movement of an object from one point to another that  should be along a straight line or axis. Typical application includes remote control, pointing devices, fitness monitoring equipment, gesture recognition etc.

  Accelerometer

A tool that measures changes in gravitational acceleration in the unit it may be installed in. Accelerometers are mainly used to measure acceleration, tilt or vibration in many devices.

  Access Control

It’s a system that is to determine who, when, and where one (people) is allowed to enter or exit a facility or area. Door locks is the traditional form of access control, however modern access control may include electronic systems or wireless locks. Access control may also apply to cyber security.

  Access Point

A Wi-Fi node that allows users entry to a network, typically a LAN.

  Active Sensor

It’s a sensing device that mainly requires external source of power to operate.

  Actuator

A device that creates motion by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy in an electromechanical system. (An actuator can also stop motion by clamping or locking.) A dynamo as such is an example of actuator.

  ADAS – Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

Digital features incorporated into vehicles to enhance driver safety and performance. ADAS functionality includes blind spot detection, digital vision for lane departure warnings, radar for collision avoidance, and Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication for multiple vehicles to operate near each other. The data and connectivity integral to ADAS transforms vehicles into IoT devices.

  Additive Manufacturing

Industry-specific term for 3D printing, involves building products by adding layers instead of the traditional technique of removing material via milling.

  Address-ability

The scope for an entity to be targeted and found. To be addressable, entity must be uniquely identifiable, meaning that it must be linked with something — typically an alpha-numeric string — and it should not be associated with anything else in that system.

  AES – Advanced Encryption Standard

Electronic data encryption specification was established in year 2001. Concept operates on public/private key system. Planning for key management and implementation is important when setting AES. This is the standard protocol for setting transport layer security in IoT devices.

  AIM – Automated Identification and Mobility Technologies

Group of technologies that are used to identify, store and to communicate data. For example –  barcoding. Though there are many technologies in this area which are used for different services or are often used in combination.

  AML – Ambient Intelligence

An environment that is sensor-filled which not only interpret, react to human events but also  activity & learning to adapt over time. Operation of  environment and services change based on that activity.

  AMPS – Advanced Mobile Phone System

Its an analogue based cellular mobile system using FDMA technology.

  AQMP – Advanced Message Queuing Protocol

An open application layer protocol for message-oriented middle-ware with a focus on queuing, routing (P2P, PubSub), security, and reliability.

It’s an open-source standard works as application layer protocol for business message communications. Its features include message style, queuing, routing, stability, and security.

  Android Wear

When an open-source platform extends the Android system to wearables with help of the SDK includes that includes an emulator too.

  Anomaly Detection

Its a statistical technique that determines which patterns are normal and then examines items that don’t conform to those patterns. Unlike simple classification, in anomaly detection of data,  users don’t know what they are looking for.

  ANSI-136

Standard 41 – American National Standards Institute, Its for TDMA cellular.

  ANSI-2000

Standard 41 – American National Standards Institute, Its for CDMA2000 cellular.

  ANSI-41

Standard 41 – American National Standards Institute, Its for control signal messaging on SS7.

  ANSI-95

Standard 41 – American National Standards Institute, its for CDMA cellular.

  AP – Access Point (Wireless)

A Wi-Fi node that allows users entry to a network, typically a LAN.

  API – Application Programming Interface .

It’s a set of commands and related protocols to interact with an operating system, device, or specific software part. In IoT, an API lets the developer access framework externally without going deep in software programming at server end. The functionality of a device or sensor can be accessed for reports or changed based on API permissions related to public or specific users.

  Application Agents

Its helps to address the lack of overheads for an end-to-end, peer-to-peer networking in IoT architecture, this is achieved by their presence in propagator nodes in an enterprise. They move intelligent command data to the edge of the network, this is to help manage traffic, allow a real-time response to dynamic IoT conditions, and provide local client services.

  Application Software

These are programs that enables specific, end-user actions. This means that software uses the potential provided by computers to become an application. Examples – Microsoft Word (i.e. for text editing), Adobe Photoshop (i.e. for image editing), and other programs.

  Arduino

A single-board micro-controller used for prototyping without having to deal with breadboards or soldering. The software that is used to operate an Arduino is absolutely free and open source.

  ARP – Address Resolution Protocol.

It’s a communication protocol that is used to convert an IP address into a physical address. This way, computers can communicate with each other, despite only knowing each other’s IP addresses, by sending an ARP request that informs them about the other computer’s MAC address.

  ASSN – Application Specific Sensor Nodes

Integrating sensors and sensor fusion in a single device. It has a built-in intelligence to overcome the complexity of using multiple sensors to a specific problem. Example – augmented reality, navigation, positioning, and more.

  AT Commands

Attention commands, developed by Dennis Hayes, that are used to set data connections. The set of short string commands allow developers to set up calls with a modem, as well as perform far more complex tasks. For an example of an AT command set, take a look at Telit’s 3G module, the HE910, AT command directory.

  Audio Profile

Hardware profile used with the Bluetooth applications that is to include custom AT commands and functionality is dedicated to wireless streaming of audio. Examples include A2DP, which allows streaming of audio to speakers. Where as, an audio gateway profile allows two-way audio communication used in devices like headsets.

  Augmented Entity

A physical entity that is represented by virtual entity on digital level. An augmented entity combines the two and represents as an combination of the two entities.

  AWS – Amazon Web Services

Brand Name given to collection of remote computing services which are offered by Amazon.com. In all it combines to make a cloud computing platform.

[callmejose]

Project Proposal with InfoTech

List of Thesis and Capstone Project Titles for Information Technology

1. Face Recognition with SMS notification and Security System 2. Web Based File Manager with android app 3. Mobile Based Airline Reservation System (Android and IOS) 4. Mobile Based Exam Schedule Notification App 5. Android Based Door Lock App with SMS Notification 6. Web Based Water Billing Management System with Android and SMS Notification for Clients 7. Web and Mobile Event Tabulation App (Web for Admin and Mobile for Judges) 8. Android Based Attendance App using Smart Card Reader 9. Touchscreen Point of Sale Application 10. Cloud Based Accounting Application for Business Analytics

11. Mobile Based Year Book Gallery App (Android and IOS)

12. Mobile Loan Management and Inquiry Application 13. LAN/Web Based Sales and Inventory with Decision Support System 14. Web Application for Real Estate Record Management 15. Android Based Doorbell Notification App with SMS Support 16. Web and Mobile Based Faculty Evaluation System (Web for Admin and Mobile for Rating of Students) 17. GPS based Vehicle theft detection system using GSM technology 18. Hospital ERP System with Decision Support System: A Data Warehouse of Patient Information 19. DTR, Payroll System with Android and SMS Notification for Employees 20. Home Automation and Surveillance with the help of ip camera and wifi module shield 21. ClassDroid: Web and Mobile Class Record Application 22. Android/SMS Based Controlled Electronic Bulletin Board 23. Nursing Education with the use of healthcare software 24. Information Kiosk for School Campus 25. RFid Based Security System with GSM technology 26. Coin Operated Loading Machine Kiosk 27. Converting Filipino Sign Language to Text using Microsoft Kinect Sensor 28. EventScore: Web and Mobile Event Evaluation Application 29. GSM based digital Notice board with display on PC Monitor 30. Android Based Weather Forecast Application using OpenWeatherMap API 31. Baha Watcher: Android Based Water Level Indicator Using Arduino with SMS Notification 32. Air Quality Tester Application for Android (using Arduino) 33. ItemFinder: Lost and Found Monitoring and Management System (Web and Android Application) 34. Coin Operated Printing Kiosk 35. Nursing education and training on management and use of healthcare software 36. RFID Based Bus Fare Payment System 37. Document Tagging Application with Android QR Scanner 38. MemoDroid: Web and Mobile Memo Notification App 39. Online Complaint Management System 40. Online Grading and Attendance Monitoring System with SMS Notification 41. AdviseMobile: A Web and Mobile Based Guidance Consultation System 42. Guidance Office Centralized Information Database System 43. Web Based Entrance Examination with Course Recommendation System (Android Support) 44. CedulaMobile: Cedula and Brgy Certification Request and Issuance Application 45. Mobile Health Care Management System 46. Mobile Nutrition Application with Admin Panel (jquery mobile, php, mysql, apache cordova) 47. Mobile Event Calendar Application 48. Android Based Log Book Application 49. City Tour: Mobile Based Map Application 50. Android Based Directory Listing Application 51. Mobile Based IQ Test Application 52. Cross Platform Mobile Learning System 53. Android App for Graduate School Studies 54. Android Based Library Catalog Application 55. RFID based Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring System 56. SweldoMobile: Mobile Based Salary Notification App 57. ClearDroid: Web and Android Based Clearance App 58. Android Based Room Temperature Monitoring App 59. Web Based Facility Management Information System 60. Web and Mobile Based Physician Expert System 61. Expert System in the field of Medical Technology 62. Web Based Expense Management System with Accounting System 63. Web and Mobile Based Web Tele Conference Application 64. Home security System based on LPG gas, Smoke and Fire Sensors with SMS Based alerts 65. Alumni Events Management System with SMS Notification 66. Medical Dictionary Application (iOS, Android) 67. RFID based Bus Announcement System for Blind 68. Web, Mobile and SMS Based Feedback Application 69. LAN Based Billing and Accounting System with Decision Support 70. Advanced Vehicle Security System with Theft control and Accident Notification via Android Development 71. Voice Recognition Application in Mobile Devices 72. Construction Management Performance and Monitoring System 73. Web and Mobile Based Meeting Notification App 74. Gold Fish Guide Mobile – Android Based Guide on how to take care of your Goldfish 75. Mobile Based Course Portal 76. RFID Door Lock Application 77. Android Based Photography Challenge App 78. RFID based Airport Luggage Security Scanning System 79. Vehicle over Speed Sensing System using Arduino 80. Crop Information Portal Using GIS Application 81. Web Based Purchase Request Processing System 82. Delivery Tracking System (GPS and GSM Based using Arduino) 83. Subject Evaluator App (iOS, Android and web based) 84. Android Based Locator Map Application 85. Fire & Smoke Alarm System with SMS Notification 86. Quiz Management System (mobile for students and web based for teachers) 87. Jewelry Sales Accounting and Appraisal System 88. Web based Manufacturing Management and Monitoring System 89. Online Grading with Mobile Based Subject Reservation Application 90. Warehouse Management System 91. Human Resources Information System 92. To Do / Checklist App 93. RFID Enabled Passport Verification 94. Knowledge Management System on Agriculture 95. Multimedia Web and Mobile Application for Biology Subject 96. Inventory Management in Android 97. Taxi Mobile: Android Based Taxi Booking Application 98. Android Based School Publication App 99. Sound Memory Game 100. Web Based School Management Integrated System 101. Number Catch Game in Android 102. Puzzle game in Android 103. Agriculture Marketing Information System 104. Android Based Water Level Controller using Arduino 105. Contact Management Application 106. City Guide Android Application 107. Event Planner Mobile App 108. Mobile Based Public Access Cataloguing 109. Android Scheduler App 110. Asthma Education via Mobile Application 111. Web and Mobile Forum for Education System 112. Poverty Heat Map using GIS Application 113. RFID Based Livestock Tracking Application 114. Medical Research Data Storage and Analysis System 115. MobileMangrove: Mobile Based Mangrove Species Field Guide 116. RescueAlert: Emergency Notification App 117. Android Based Remote Home Monitoring System 118. Web and Mobile Newsletter App with Forum for School Publication 119. Monitoring of Students and Teachers with SMS Notification using RFID 120. Role Playing Game in Unity 121. Web Based Job Ordering with Inventory Management System 122. Android Based Book Availability Inquiry and Reservation App 123. Android and Online Educational Math Learning Game 124. Flash Drive Locker with SMS Notification 125. Feeds Scheduler Dispensing Application using Android Phone 126. Android Based Alcohol Sensor Application 127. Water Refilling Inventory Management System with Android Support 128. OPOS: Online Point of Sale with Android Support 129. Android Based Light Dimmer App using Arduino 130. SMS based irrigation App (Android, iOS, windowMobile) 131. Medical Research Data Storage and Analysis System 132. Web Based Water Billing Management System with Due Date for Payment Notication via SMS 133. Flash Flood Prediction Model using Regression Analysis with Decision Support System 134. Web Based Customer Relations Management System 135. Online Job Application System with Job Matching Feature 136. E-Agriculture (geo-fencing, elearning, etc) 

[midprogramproject]

Virtual Arduino Project

In order for my project to meet all the requirements I added a moving part, the servo which represents a lock. Once a person is close to the sensor the alarm will sound and one will be given the opportunity to enter the 3-digit code and unlock the door.

[technato]

“You’ve Got Mail!” for the 19th Century

As mailboxes proliferated, inventors rushed to devise electrically enhanced versions

Photo: National Postal Museum/Smithsonian Institution

Photo: National Postal Museum/Smithsonian Institution

During the 1870s and ’80s, inventors filed more than a dozen patent applications in the United States for electrical improvements to letter boxes. But why did mailboxes and letter slots, surely among the simplest mechanical devices, have to be electrified? It was primarily a matter of convenience, for people who wanted to know exactly when the mail had arrived and didn’t want to waste time checking.

Free home delivery of the mail had begun in the United States in 1863, but mailboxes were not yet standard. Instead, a postman would knock on the door (perhaps with a handheld wooden knocker), wait for someone to answer, and then hand over the mail. If no one was home, the carrier returned later or the next day. Although this created great trust in the system, it wasn’t very efficient. In 1909, postal officials calculated that on a typical day, carriers made 360 stops and spent an average of 15 seconds per delivery, or an hour and a half a day, simply waiting.

Photos: National Postal Museum/Smithsonian Institution

A Smarter Mailbox: Ephraim E. Weaver’s electric mailbox [front and interior shown here] came with a key that the delivery person could use to ring a bell, signaling that a package had arrived.

Beginning in the 1880s, the U.S. Post Office Department began encouraging people to install a mailbox or letter slot, although they didn’t become a requirement until 1923. (For a nice concise history of the U.S. Postal Service, see The United States Postal Service: An American History 1775–2006 [PDF].)

And so, many of the early patents for electrical indicators for letter boxes tried to replace or augment the postman’s knock. Inventor Henry R. David thought that large office and apartment buildings in cities had a particular problem. His 1875 U.S. patent [PDF] detailed a system of circuits that would inform people in far-flung corners of the building that mail was waiting for them at the main entrance.

Many of the electric letter boxes, including the device that William H. Rodgers described in an 1879 patent [PDF], worked by closing a battery-powered circuit when the postman deposited letters in the box. The circuit would ring a bell inside the house. Sometimes, though, the weight of a single letter wasn’t enough to engage the circuit, as Rodgers noted in another patent that same year [PDF]. The inventor’s improved design engaged the circuit when the postman opened the box. The circuit, after ringing the distant bell, stayed locked in the on position, until the box was reopened. Obviously, Rodgers never imagined that pranksters might repeatedly open and close the box to set off the mail bell.

Charles H. Carter did spot this problem, claiming in his 1880 patent [PDF] that owners of such mailboxes were inconvenienced by “any person raising the lid or inserting any unimportant circular.” In his design, the postman would sound an alarm by means of a skeleton key. Unfortunately for Carter, the Post Office Department issued standards that required mailboxes to, among other things, allow carriers to withdraw and deposit mail “without delay.” A design that required a separate key to indicate delivery was unlikely to be approved.

Carter applied for another mailbox patent that introduced a visual indicator [PDF]. Once a letter closed the circuit, a configuration of electromagnets would expose a flap labeled “mail.” Carter suggested that the flap could also have numbers or other visual cues to call attention to the change in status.

Despite the many patented designs for electric mailboxes, Alice H. Ewing clearly believed there was room for improvement when she applied for a U.S. patent in 1915. Patent 1,228,193 [PDF], issued to Ewing two years later, opted not for a bell or flap but for an electric light. A convenient push button next to the light would reset the circuit.

A great benefit of reviewing the history of invention through patents is that all of the technical details are well documented. But a century or more after the fact, historians often struggle to determine whether a particular idea was ever put into production, unless there is additional supporting evidence. In the case of Ephraim E. Weaver’s 1885 patent [PDF], a surviving mailbox does exist [top photo], at the Smithsonian National Postal Museum, in Washington, D.C. (Full disclosure: I used to work as a curator at the museum.) Weaver’s patent was for an indicator for items that didn’t fit in the box and thus didn’t trigger the bell. His electric mailbox came with a key that the delivery person could use to close the circuit and ring the bell.

The box in the museum’s collection doesn’t conform exactly to its patent drawing. Curator Lynn Heidelbaugh reports that it has no external handle like the one labeled “E” in the patent drawing below:

  Image: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Change of Plans: Weaver’s patent for his electric mailbox included an external handle (which he called a “circuit-closing key”), but the actual mailbox didn’t have one.

For now, the inconsistencies will remain a mystery because this particular mailbox was found in the museum’s collections without any associated information. Curators don’t know where it was used or for how long, or whether its owners found it useful. Just as there are limits to the information that can be gleaned from a patent, physical evidence doesn’t always want to give up its story either.

Although electric mailboxes never became mainstream, the idea has recently resurfaced as a playful exercise to teach basic circuit design. For example, Electronics Hub, a website that posts DIY projects and tutorials, has an Electronic Letter Box Project Circuit that uses blinking LEDs as the indicator. Instead of physically closing a circuit, as all of the 19th-⁠century inventions did, this one uses an LDR (light dependent resistor). When a letter blocks the photoresistor, the circuit registers that you have mail.

SparkFun, a company dedicated to electronics literacy, upped the ante with an interactive letterbox for Valentine’s Day cards. It relies on an infrared transmitter to count the number of letters that pass through the mail slot. Upload a bit of code to your Arduino, and the LED counter shows how many letters have been received.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Postal Service has introduced Informed Delivery, which sends customers scanned images of the letters they can soon expect along with notifications of packages. Multiple people at the same address can sign up for individual notifications. The service isn’t yet available everywhere, and it’s not always 100 percent accurate. Critics of the system say it poses potential security risks.

Personally, I still love walking down my driveway to check my mailbox. And on sunny days, when I am looking to procrastinate, I have no problem making that trip more than once. Compare that to my first email account, which currently has over 106,860 unread messages. My work email inbox is marginally better, with 6,067 unread messages. Long ago I turned off any digital indicator announcing the arrival of a new email. There is simply too much. In the prescient patent of Charles Carter, I too prefer not to be annoyed by all those “unimportant circulars.”

An abridged version of this article appears in the June 2018 print issue as “A Better Mailbox.”

Part of a continuing series looking at photographs of historical artifacts that embrace the boundless potential of technology.

About the Author

Allison Marsh is an associate professor of history at the University of South Carolina and codirector of the Ann Johnson Institute for Science, Technology & Society there.

“You’ve Got Mail!” for the 19th Century syndicated from https://jiohowweb.blogspot.com