#chelating agents

[tajpharma2022]

Deferasirox 500 Mg Dispersible Tablet Iron Chelating Agents Deferasirox dispersible tablets should be taken without food according to the SmPC, therefore, one study under fasting conditions is sufficient.

Deferasirox Dispersible Tablets 500mg (Defrataj)

[cobycane0099]

The world's leading producer of cobalt removal agents

Hunan Fortune Environment Protect Co. is a high tech enterprise specializing in the research and development and production of specialized chemicals for environmental governance. For details visit: http://fortuneht.com/

[constructioandchemicalblog]

Biodegradable Chelating Agents Market 2022: Size, Share, Growth and Trends by Forecast to 2030

The global Biodegradable chelating agents market was valued at USD 5,184 Million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD  7,70,384 million by 2030 at a CAGR of 4.5%.

Green chelates/Natural chelating agents are biodegradable materials mainly used for washing or cleaning. These materials are primarily used in Laundry, surface care, detergents, and homecare. Common chelating agents are poorly biodegradable, and there are concerns about their environmental effects. Heavy metals, which are very toxic to water and soil, are used in these. Growth in personal consumption of these products leads to more demand for biodegradable chelating agents market. Also, the use of chelating in cleaning products is rising. It is a chemical agent that can prevent minerals in hard water and the minerals. Preventing allergies and shelf life microbial effects are some of the features of chelating. These features of chelating agents will improve hygiene in many regions. All these factors are expected to increase chelating agents' market value immensely.

Competitive Landscape

The competition in the chelating agents market is constantly surging. The market continues to be fragmented, and the competitive environment is extreme, with the window involvement of prominent and small players. The entrance of key players will boost the overall competition. There are plenty of factors that raise the growth of this market. Market acquisitions, expansions, and mergers are key regions in the competitive landscape. All these factors will contribute to the expansion of this market in the forecast period. Green chelating products have promising developments.

BASF SE, Akzo Nobel, DowDuPont, Nouryon, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Zhonglan industry, Tosoh Corporation, ADM, Natural Ingredients Corp. and Nouryon are some companies that are competing in the market for biodegradable Chelating Agents.

Segmentation

By product type

Citric: Citric is an excellent chelating agent. It is used to remove and discourage limescale buildup from boilers and evaporators. It can be used to treat water, making it helpful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. A manufactured form of citric acid is commonly used as an additive in food, cleaning agents, and nutritional supplements.

Amino polycarboxylates (APCA): The chelating properties of amino polycarboxylates can be engineered by varying the groups linking the nitrogen atoms to increase selectivity for a particular metal ion.

Organophosphates: Organophosphorus compounds are used as pesticides and insecticides accumulating in soil and aquatic organisms.

Sodium gluconate: Sodium gluconate is a compound with formula NaC6H11O7. It is a white powder that is soluble in water.It is used as a chelating agent, a steel surface cleaning agent, a cleaning agent for glass, and as a chelating agent for cement, plating and alumina dyeing industries.

Others: Other Global Biodegradable Chelating Agents are EDTA, DPTA, HEDTA, NTA, and many more. All Biodegradable Chelating Agents are used for cleaning or washing.

By Application

Pulp & paper: The pulp & paper industry is one of the most growing industries. Many opportunities provided by the green economy are being used in this industry. The pulp & paper industry will boost the chelating agent market growth in the region.

Water treatment: In regions of the Middle East & Africa, Biodegradable Chelating Agents are widely used for water treatment. EDDS is a biodegradable potential alternative to EDTA for this application and was tested as a treatment for seawater.

Agrochemical: Metallic plates are commonly used as micronutrient fertilizers to deliver iron, magnesium, and copper to plants, which has boosted the use of agrochemicals and the growing demand for agrochemicals.

Health care: Several formulations containing various biodegradable chelating agents, such as citric acid, salicylic acid, NTA, EDDS, MGDA, and GLDA, have been reported for cleaning and disinfection, which are mainly used for medical purposes.

Food & beverages: Biodegradable Chelating agents protect food products from enzymatic reactions that promote deterioration during processing and storage.

Others (textile, metal,personal care,health care,building & construction,oil & gas)

By Region

North America: North America is also expected to be a potential market in the future due to the increased knowledge regarding the use of Biodegradable Chelating Agents. Urbanization is rapidly surging the need for the market. Industrialization and the growing population is another driving factor.

Europe: In Europe, many opportunities provided by the green economy are used by the region for different kinds of industries such as pulp and paper. The pulp & paper industry will boost the chelating agent market growth in the region.

Asia-Pacific: Asia-Pacific constituted a significant share of the global biodegradable chelating agents market. The rising preference for Biodegradable chelating agents is employed in the paper & pulp industry to control scaling and protect bleach potency during paper production.

Latin America: The growing demand is due to the rise in industrialization and increasing government investments in significant countries. Plenty of land resources, fertile soils, sufficient water supply, and desirable climatic conditions in Latin America serve a unique comparative advantage.

Middle East & Africa: Rapid industrialization in emerging economies such as the UAE and Qatar, where factories are keen to implement water and wastewater treatment processes in line with the requirements for industrial sewage disposal. The rising stringent regulations regarding water production in the region are projected to drive the demand for chelating agents.

Access The Full Report:  https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/biodegradable-chelating-agents-market-10860

Contact

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Email: sales@marketresearchfuture.com

[testosteronetwunk]

Donghua Jinlong is a leading provider of glycine, offering it in industrial, pharmaceutical, and food grades. With a commitment to quality and innovation, they cater to various industries including pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, cosmetics, and more. Glycine, an amino acid, serves numerous purposes across these sectors. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is utilized as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs and as a component in intravenous formulations. In food and beverage production, glycine acts as a flavor enhancer, sweetener, and stabilizer, contributing to the taste and texture of products. Its industrial applications span from being a component in metal chelating agents to a raw material in the production of pesticides and surfactants. With its versatile uses, Donghua Jinlong's glycine products play a crucial role in diverse industries, contributing to the development and enhancement of a wide range of products.

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[snowivivienne]

How To Read Hair Care Ingredients

I have made a whole thread with all things you would need to know, if you want anymore information or have questions please dm me / comment / send an ask, hope you all enjoy ! ˚୨୧⋆｡˚ ⋆

Shampoo Formulation Breakdown

Water

Primary Surfactant

- For cleaning and foaming

Secondary Surfactants

- For foam and/or viscosity enhancement

Foam Builders

- adds more lather

Conditioning Agents / Antistatio Detanglers

- Add shine, gloss & emollience

Chelating Agents

- Grab hold of iron, calcium or magnesium ions that are found in hard water

Solvents

- To clarify the product or to lower the cloud point

Opacifiers / Pearling Agents

- Cover up cloudiness or unattractive colors & add sheen

Viscosity Builders / Stabilizers / Thickeners

- Enhance the physical properties and stability

Buffering Agents

- To help balance PH level

Preservatives

- Keeps the shampoo from becoming rancid

Fragrances

- adds a pleasant scent

Surfactants

Here is a breakdown of what category some of the most common ingredients fall into.

Anionic Surfactants

(Primary Surfactants, Deep cleansing)

• Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

• Sodium Laureth Sulfate

• Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate

• Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate

• Ammonium Laureth Sulfate

• TEA-Lauryl Sulfate

• TEA-Laureth Sulfate

• Sodium Lauroy| Sarcosinate

• Disodium Laureth

Sulfosuccinate

• Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate

• Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate

• Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate

• Sodium Lauroy| Methyl |sethionate

Note : Can be stripping, but if the formula has conditioning ingredients it is offset. Cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfaces help with said offset.

Cationic Surfactants

( Secondary, Conditioning, Poor Cleansing)

• Behentrimonium Chioride

• Cetrimonium Chioride

• Stearalkonium Chloride

• Behentrimonium

Methosulfate

• Cetrimonium Bromide

. Benzalkonium Chloride

. Stearalkonium Chioride

• Dialkyl Ammonium Chioride

• Monoalkyl Ammonium

chloride

• Stearamidopropyl

Dimethylamine

Note : Good for damaged hair

Nonionic Surfactants

(Secondary, Conditioning, Poor Cleansing)

• Decyl Glucoside

• Lauryl Glucoside

• Coco Glucoside

• Cocamide DEA

• Cocamide MEA

• Polvsorbate 20

• Polysorbate 60

• Lauryl Polyglucose

Amphoteric Surfactants

(Secondary, Conditioning, Poor Cleansing)

• Coco Betaine

• Cocamidopropyl Betaine

• Cocoalkyl Betaine

• Cocoalkyl

• Amidopropyl

• Betaine

Foam Builders

(Builds Lather)

• Secondary Surfactants

• Cocamide DEA

• Lauramide DEA

Antistatic Detanglers

(Usually low concentrations of cationic surfactants)

• Behentrimonium Chloride

• Cetrimonium Chloride

• Stearalkonium Chloride

• Behentrimonium Methosulfate

• Cetrimonium Bromide

• Benzalkonium Chloride

• Stearalkonium Chloride

• Dialkyl Ammonium Chloride

• Monoalkyl Ammonium Chloride

• Stearamidopropyl

• Dimethylamine

Silicones

• Dimethicone

• Amodimethicone

• Cyclomethicone

• Cyclopentasiloxane

• PEG-12 Dimethicone

Fatty Alcohols

• Cette Alchol

• Stearyl Alcohol

• Glycol Distearate

Note: These are not drying, but conditioning

Oils + Butters

• coconut oil

• shea butter

• etc.

Chelating Agents

• Disodium EDTA

• Tetrasodium EDTA

• Sodium Citrate

• Sodium Phytate

• Sodium Gluconate

• Caprylhydroxamic Acid

• TrisodiumPhosphate

• Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate

Solvents

• Isoproyl Alcohol (Drying, but will not dry your hair out - safe to use)

• Benzyl Alcohol

• Propylene Glycol

• Butylene Glycol

• Glycol

Opacifiers / Pearling Agents

• Glycol Distearate

• Glycol Stearate

Viscosity Builders /Stabilizers / Thickeners

• Sodium Chloride

• Ammonium Chloride

• Acrylates Copolymer

• Glycol Distearate

• PEG-150 Distearate

• Magnesium Chloride

• Hydroxyethyl Cellulose

• Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

• Carbomer

• Acacia

• Carrageenan

• Guars

• Xanthan

• Silicates

Buffering Agents

• Citric Acid (Helps damaged hair - if higher on ingredient list)

• Sodium Hydroxide

• Sodium Citrate

Preservatives

• Parabens

• Chlorphenesin

• Potassium Sorbate

• Sodium Benzoate

• Benzoic Acid

• Sorbic Acid

• Dehydroacetic Acid

• Phenoxyethanol

• Methylisothiazolinone

• Methylchioroisothiazolinone

Fragrances

• Fragrance / Parfum

• Limonene

• Linglool

• Citronellol

• Lavender Extract

• Citrus Limon Extract

Coloring

• Ci 14700 (Red 4)

• C1 19140 (Yellow 5)

• Ci 61570 (Green 5)

• C1 15510 (Orange 4)

Simplified Summary :

When it comes to haircare, it truly does depend on each persons hair, no product is one fits all. If you like a product, and your scalp feels clean while your ends feel moisturized, continue use.

Healthy hair habits take priority over products. Keeping your scalp clean is number one, to do so depends on how often you wash. There is no right amount, it is okay to wash daily or weekly. If washing daily, use a shampoo that is lower in surfactants, aim for ones that say “okay for daily use”. If washing once a week, or twice, use one with higher surfactants (clarifying shampoo). If at any point your hair feels as if there is product buildup or the scalp is itchy use clarifying shampoo. number two is to condition frequently, you can condition before or after shampooing. It is helpful to pre-oil your hair 30 minutes prior to showering with coconut oil, coconut oil is the only oil proven to effectively enter the hair cuticle and can help protect against water damage. if you are going days without shampooing, spraying it with conditioning spray or oil on the shafts only is helpful. number three is small habits, dry your hair with a microfiber towel. keep shampoo only on the scalp and conditioner on the ends. squeeze out any excess water out prior to applying conditioner and let it sit for at least 2 minutes, longer if you can. use gentle hair ties and claw clips. put your hair in a protective style before bed. eat properly, get enough rest, and make sure you are hitting protein goals for biotin production. never brush your hair while it’s wet, and don’t over brush. use a leave in conditioner after washing, and avoid heat styling.

ingredients : shampoos and conditioners have a team of hair chemists formulating them carefully, so most haircare products are safe to use, but some are better based on added ingredients. ingredients like proteins, peptides, keratin, butters, oils, silicones, citric acid, glycerin, hyaluronic acid, lactic acid, and salicylic acid can improve hair. when choosing hair products, aim for ones that have these ingredients higher on the ingredient list

despite fear of silicones and sulfates, they are recommended by dermatologists and trichologists. the only ingredient you should avoid is formaldehyde. formaldehyde has different names, so avoid at all cost anything that says formaldehyde, methylene glycol, formalin, formic aldehyde, paraform, formol, formalin (methanol-free), FYDE, formalith, methanal, methyl aldehyde, methylene oxide, tetraoxymethalene, oxomethane, and oxymethylene. these are mainly found in special treatments and heat products, legally these can be called “formaldehyde free” if using it in a different form. (the ones listed above that are not verbatim “formaldehyde”)

affirmations

i love taking care of my hair, it’s so soft and fluffy. it never tangles and always is super shiny. it never breaks, my split ends always repair immediately. it grows so fast, inches every week. my hair smells so good and feels so bouncy ૮꒰ྀི⸝⸝> . <⸝⸝꒱ྀིა

[aquapharm123]

Let’s Learn About Chelating Agents

What are they? 

Chelating agents are chemical compounds that have the ability to form multiple bonds or coordinate covalent bonds with a metal ion. This bonding process is called chelation, and the resulting complex is called a chelate.

Chelating agents have multiple sites on their molecules that can interact with the metal ion, and they can enclose the metal ion like a claw, hence the term "chelate" (which comes from the Greek word for claw).

How are chelating agents produced? 

Chelating agents can be produced through a variety of methods, depending on the specific type of chelating agent being synthesised.

One common method is through the use of organic synthesis techniques. This involves starting with a precursor molecule that contains functional groups capable of coordinating with a metal ion. The precursor molecule is then modified through various chemical reactions to create a chelating agent with the desired properties.

Another method is fermentation. Some bacteria are capable of producing chelating agents as part of their natural metabolism. By growing these bacteria under controlled conditions, it is possible to isolate and purify the chelating agents they produce.

Chelating agents can also be obtained from natural sources such as plants or animals. For example, the compound EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is found in many plants and is commonly used as a chelating agent in industrial processes.

What are the uses and benefits of chelating agents? 

Metal detoxification: Chelating agents are commonly used to remove toxic metals such as lead, mercury, and arsenic from the body. Chelation therapy is a medical treatment that involves the administration of a chelating agent to remove heavy metals from the bloodstream.

Industrial applications: Chelating agents are used in a variety of industrial applications, such as in the production of detergents, water treatment, and metal extraction. They can aid in improving the performance of industrial processes and reduce environmental pollution.

Agriculture: Chelating agents are used in agriculture to improve the availability of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and copper in the soil. This can help to increase crop yields and improve the quality of crops.

Pharmaceutical applications: Chelating agents are used in the development of some pharmaceutical drugs. They can help to improve the solubility and bioavailability of certain drugs, making them more effective.

Antioxidant properties: Some chelating agents have antioxidant properties, which can assist in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. This can have potential benefits for health, particularly in reducing the risk of certain diseases.

What are some common chelating agents? 

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)

DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)

HEDTA (hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid)

NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid)

EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid)

CDTA (cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid)

IDA (iminodiacetic acid)

Penicillamine (3-mercapto-D-valine)

Deferoxamine (desferrioxamine B)

Deferiprone (1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one)

In case you’re looking for good chelating agent manufacturers, Aquapharm Chemicals has the expertise to produce the highest quality chelating agents. The company also focuses on providing highly satisfying customer service! You should definitely check them out! 

[becausegoodheroesdeservekidneys]

hiyah ! so i noticed that you talk alot abt the CGM and cowashing on your account, so i had some questions for my fave welsh not-quite-a hair expert :)

when you cowash, do you use a cowash with cleansing agents(surfactants, chelators, etc) or is it just plan conditioner?

do you think this method is a good idea for people with tight curls ? i have what the girls might call a 4a (i dont understand the hair typing system and im fine w that lol) and all the chatter is that the CGM isn't good for tight curls, as the sebum isn't getting all throughout the hair shaft unless you wear your hair pressed all the time. so basically, i've been told shampooing is necessary for people who have coily hair lol

how often do you do things like maintenance cuts? do you trim your hair at home?

are you an expensive products enjoyer or do you prefer cheaper hair products? i myself dont have a lot of hair so im willing to drop £24 on redken shampoo, but my conditioner was like £10. i do want to try the redken conditioner but i really cant stand thick creamy products at all.

what's your favourite way to style your hair? i used to do wash and gos but now i just wear it unmanipulated all the time.

tysm for answering ! i hope the weather is lovely in wales today :)))

'Tis plain conditioner, as long as it's CG friendly. Surfactants are super drying and therefore BANNED

I really couldn't answer this, I'm 2c/3a. I know there are people who use it to great effect, and people who think it doesn't work.

So, the closest properly CG trained hairstylist to me is in fecking Frome, which is a trek and a half, so I have it properly done once a year. The rest of the time, I trim my own fringe and that's about it. However, there is a section in the CG handbook that explains how to do a maintenance cut if you want, and I think a lot of people do that.

LOL cheap. My conditioner is £1 a bottle (Alberto Balsam silicone free raspbery). I tried the expensive Boucleme one once, just to see (£17 per bottle), and actually my hair didn't even bloody like it.

I let it do its natural thing tbh, I'm very lazy. That said, on special occasions I French plait it at one temple to do a fake undercut, and that's nice.

Thank you! It's fecking freezing. Good luck with your keratin strands.

[trans-lykanthropie]

Classic Ada experience is like

"So the cleaning gel runs quite alkaline, I buffered mine to a pH of around 8 which can cause damage to the paint layer, however....hang on a sec"

-takes out phone and posts 'Awwwooo I'm hungry >:(' and I left my ball at home today :(-

"....sorry, I was saying I mixed the chelating agent with a cellulosic gelling agent to limit the degree to which the paint layer is exposed to an alkaline environment"

[sukimas]

what is your favorite chemical and which touhou would you kin assign it?

i don't think chemicals have deep mental connections to fictional characters, so i wouldn't kin assign any character to any chemical. that said, i can tell you my favorite chemical and the touhou i think fits it best!

or at least i could, but asking a chemist their favorite chemical is like asking a meteorologist their favorite cloud. i'll give you an unordered list of five faves and their touhous.

Carbon tetrachloride. Terrible for absolutely everyone, it's highly carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, mildly neurotoxic, and depletes the ozone layer. However, it was used for many years as a refrigerant, dry cleaning agent, and fire extinguisher, because it's inert and has a convenient boiling point. It was also used as a NMR solvent for many years because it doesn't have any hydrogen atoms, and therefore won't interfere with the hydrogen spectrum of your analyte molecule. Nowadays, though, deuterated compounds are much more common, so those are used as solvents instead (deuterium has a different gyromagnetic ratio to hydrogen). Common ones are deuterated chloroform, deuterated dimethylsulfoxide, and heavy water. The touhou who I think fits this best is Eirin. She's very helpful and has a number of unique skills you might want to go to her for, but thanks to her crap personality and her vague disregard for life the consequences are likely to outweigh the benefits of her lending her your aid.

Tungsten carbide (Ni-alloyed). What can I say about this guy that hundreds of others haven't already said? It's extremely hard, still fairly good at not cracking under pressure, and- here's the awesome thing- entirely non-magnetic. If you want to service anything in a room with several dozen Teslas of magnetic field strength running around and your titanium or aluminum bronze tools are stripping because some guy doesn't know that screws only need to be so tight, tungsten carbide is your guy. Just be careful to only use the Ni alloy- Co and Fe are obviously ferromagnetic. The touhou which this fits best is Reimu, because it'll do basically anything in its purview with a little grumbling, but keeping it happy is quite expensive.

Acetone. It's not a universal solvent, but it's cheap as hell and useful for practically anything that soap won't get. Its only problem as a household cleaner is that it's so good at dissolving things it'll also partially dissolve most plastics, but it's such a friend in the lab (and on hard surfaces) that I'll not dock it points. The touhou that this best fits is Marisa. Ordinary, applicable to practically any situation, but not always the best at it. Still, helpful practically everywhere.

Dimethyl mercury. King of reminding you that just because you work in an analysis lab doesn't mean you don't have to practice lab safety (though the chloroform really should do that already.) If you're unaware, dimethyl mercury killed a prodigious toxicologist and NMR spectroscopist at Dartmouth way back in the day. She was trying to create a standard to measure frequencies against, you see, but it got on her glove. At the time, the permeability of dimethyl mercury through polymers was not well known, so she and her colleagues assumed that as she had been wearing gloves, she would be fine. However, nowadays we know that the only gloves suitable for wearing when one works with dimethyl mercury are Silver Shield type. By the time she found out she had mercury poisoning, unfortunately, she didn't respond to chelation therapy and passed away. The touhous (plural) that this chemical is best represented by are the entire Hifuu Club. If you poke around in unknown places, you may discover useful and fascinating things (such as ways to treat mercury-contaminated water) but because these things are unknown, there's always the possibility that you poke around a bit too far and never come back.

[Polymer redacted so I don't doxx myself for being in one of three labs that works on it]. The touhou that this is best represented by is Nue Houjuu, for the transformation powers and difficulty of understanding it.

[thenexusofsouls]

New Muse: Jared Nomak Damaskinos

[Bio and other information below the cut! Trigger warnings ahead for images containing blood and body horror.]

Type of Character & Fandom/Source Material: Canon character from the movie Blade 2. I don't know what's taken me so long to do this, I've wanted to write him for over a decade now, haha.

(Disclaimer: All information here was taken from the Blade II movie, the Blade II Wiki, Villains Wiki, my own headcanons, and other outside research. Some information may conflict with what is in these sources, but my own headcanons have changed some things I felt didn’t make sense or that made more sense to develop in a different way.)

Full Name: Jared Nomak Damaskinos, but he prefers to go by his middle name of Nomak

FC: Luke Goss as Nomak

Gender Identity: Male (he/him)

Romantic Inclination/Sexuality: Hetero-romantic/heterosexual

Species: Natural-born, pureblooded, noble vampire or “Vampyr” of House Damaskinos. Infected later in life with the Reaper Strain virus which genetically altered him to become a Reaper, a species of vampire that is vastly genetically different from traditional ones.

Family: Eli Damaskinos (father); Nyssa Damaskinos (younger sister)

Age: Unknown, but I generally think of him as being 3-4 centuries old, in that range.

Ethnicity: Supposedly Damaskinos was of Greek descent, despite that his entire House speaks a mostly Eastern European-inspired language and that Nomak frequented countries like the Czech Republic and United States. *shrugs* Take from that what you will, heh.

Native language: Ancient Vampiric (a fictional language with Slavic roots and also some Russian and Czech influences)

Abilities/Strengths: High intelligence; superhuman strength; superhuman mobility; superhuman stamina; instantaneous healing; nigh-immortality; escape artist; master martial artist; tactical leadership and stealth skills; enhanced tracking; impersonation; manipulation; persuasion; immunity to garlic extract and silver nitrate; and he is only momentarily weakened by EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic) acid (a chelating agent which alters the clotting ability and overall chemistry of blood and prevents biofilm formation).

Detriments/Weaknesses: Vulnerable to sunlight, although it is not nearly-instantly fatal the way it is for regular vampires. He has maybe a couple minutes of tolerance to it instead of only a couple of seconds. Even if he is burned by sunlight, if he can get back into darkness quickly enough, he will fully heal in seconds. Fire is damaging to him in the same way, but he will also completely heal/regenerate from this if he can extinguish the fire quickly enough. Also, damage to his heart can be fatal if enough is inflicted at one time, but only if the thick bone casing around his heart can be bypassed or crushed.

Potentially Triggering Material in Threads: Blood, gore, violence, viruses, infection, toxins, body horror, genetic experimentation, and medical themes.

Negative Personality Traits: Arrogance, stubbornness, impulsiveness, defensiveness, aggressiveness. Some of this is his core personality while a lot of it is due to changes made to him by the Reaper Strain.

Positive Personality Traits: Loyalty, bravery, intelligence, resilience.

BACKGROUND 

Nomak is one of Eli Damaskinos’ sons, making him a pureblooded vampire by birth, as opposed to a vampire that is actually a turned human being. House Damaskinos is something of a royal House among vampire lineages, and because of that, Nomak is referred to by his father as a prince. Damaskinos himself is the head of the worldwide vampire ruling authority known as the Shadow Cabinet. Despite his supposed importance, Nomak was essentially used as a guinea pig for his father’s genetic experiments. He agreed to do it voluntarily, but then after things went horribly awry, Damaskinos abandoned Nomak as something of a dirty secret instead of trying to help cure the viral infection he’d been afflicted with. This left Nomak with a deep-seated resentment toward his family, particularly his father, and a desire to hunt vampires for food.

The goals of Damaskinos’ experiments were to rid his bloodline of the hereditary weaknesses that afflict all vampires, most notably their vulnerability to sunlight. To accomplish this, he funded genetic research involving viral vectors (types of viruses that deliver genetic material to cells) that could be used to cause DNA mutation and fix some of these hereditary detriments. Instead… the Reaper Strain was created, and Nomak was mutated into a new species. What he became was an intense, ravenous, aggressive creature called a Reaper, which is genetically as different from vampires as vampires are from humans. The embarrassment of both the scientific failure and the unhinged creature Nomak had become caused Damaskinos to abandon this way of going about his research, as well as his son. From then on, the research was conducted using cloned embryos that could easily be destroyed if something went genetically awry, since controlling Nomak and containing the infection he bore proved to be impossible.

To kill Nomak, Damaskinos authorized the Bloodpack to hunt him. The Bloodpack were an elite fighting force of vampires headed by his daughter Nyssa who were originally trained to hunt Blade, a half-human, half-vampire vigilante who wanted to eradicate all vampires. Instead, they temporarily teamed up with Blade to eliminate the Reaper spawn Nomak left behind from his feedings and eventually kill him. He proved to be a formidable adversary, however, with both his combat training and the advantages conferred to him by the virus rendering him difficult to pin down or injure. Before Nomak was infected with the Reaper Strain, he had been highly trained as an elite vampire soldier as well, and would have assumed a position much like Nyssa’s at the head of the Bloodpack team in his own geographic region. Hence, he has extensive knowledge and abilities regarding combat, strategy, and stealth.

As a carrier of the Reaper Strain, Nomak retained his personality and intelligence that spawn lack. He was the only Reaper capable of choosing to feed, kill, and/or infect at will, while spawn are at the mercy of their basal instincts. He also was not as dependent on feeding around the clock as spawn were, having the ability to ignore his hunger and postpone feeding for a while if he chooses. That isn’t to say he doesn’t suffer detrimental effects, but he at least has the mental wherewithal to decide to feed rather than being at the mercy of his hunger. However, the hungrier he gets, the more aggressive, antsy, and impatient he gets as well.

His infection left him generally more violent, aggressive, and high-energy because it ramped up his metabolism and hunting instincts considerably. Nomak was not about to be seen as a mindless monster, however, and after giving his signet ring for House Damaskinos to one of Blade’s allies to prove his identity, it became known that he was Damaskinos’ son and that the elder vampire knew far more about the origin of the Reaper Strain than he was letting on. Even Nyssa had been in the dark about the experiments and that Nomak was her brother.

After attempts to make himself seem more sympathetic and to potentially win Blade over to his side were unsuccessful, Nomak made a last-ditch effort to get revenge on his family by breaking into the compound where Damaskinos and Nyssa lived. After killing his father and infecting his sister, Nomak finally took his own life after Blade managed to stab him in the heart through the opening in the bone casing around it. Nomak chose to drive Blade's sword in deeper rather than pull it out and regenerate. Blade then honored Nyssa’s final wish to die before the Reaper Strain took her over and carried her outside to "see the sun."

BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF THE REAPER STRAIN AND HOW REAPERS FEED

The tongue is what actually delivers the Reaper virus. The virus is injected through the barbs on either side of the bifurcated masticatory (jaw) muscles, which are overdeveloped in Reapers, allowing for a much stronger bite. The basic structure of their jaws remains the same, but there’s no mandible bone. The hearts of Reapers are encased in bone, with only the left side being vulnerable. Thus, stakes through the heart will only work if that sweet spot where there is no bone can be aimed for. If the brain dies, the body still tries to feed.

Spawn need fresh blood every couple of hours or they start feeding on themselves out of desperation. They could literally starve to death in less than a day. Nomak is different because he’s the carrier. Even so, his metabolism is still much higher than that of a regular vampire. He needs to decently feed at least once every day or his health begins to suffer. The more he feeds, however, the stronger he becomes.

The advantage to infecting while feeding is that they get a better meal for a few reasons. When feeding and infecting, reapers’ jaw bifurcates to reveal two large barbs on the ends of either half that secrete a venom that is a neurotoxin, paralyzing the victim while they feed. This results in the victim’s body and metabolism slipping into a calmer state which allows the reappear to extract more blood more quickly due to lower blood pressure of the victim and a reduction in the constriction of blood vessels. While feeding in this manner, “gills” on the reaper’s back open and delicate, vascular tissue inflates and becomes exposed. This exposure of the vascular tissue to open air increases the oxygen absorption rate into the reaper’s bloodstream, increasing his metabolism further and allowing his body to more efficiently process the blood he is currently ingesting.

This method also renders the victim unable to fight back, allowing the reaper to feed calmly and thoroughly, and there is a school of thought surrounding the diminished mental capacity of spawn that says their animalistic qualities are the result of them being brought to the brink of death as the reaper feeds and their brains being denied oxygen while they lay in a paralyzed state. This leaves the resulting spawn Reaper with only limited intelligence and some memory recall, much like a zombie. However, this effect is still seen in those who have not been paralyzed while infected, suggesting that the Reaper Strain itself causes the diminished and limited mental capacity in spawn. (For example, Lighthammer still knowing and saying Verlaine’s name shortly after he turns, but he still attacks her despite that she’s someone he loves. He had enough memory recall and intelligence to vaguely know who she was, but not enough for emotion or rational thought to prevent him from attacking her.) Thus, it is reasonable to say that the personalities of Reaper spawn are largely lost after turning, and hunting instincts take over.

QUOTE ANALYSIS (Because it sheds some light on his psychology.)

To Blade: “Is the enemy of my enemy my friend… or my enemy?” Nomak was willing to work with Blade to eradicate vampires, which just illustrates how angry he was at his own kind for doing this to him. However, he isn’t sure if Blade is willing to do the same, despite them both wanting the same thing. The rejection by Blade stings Nomak, since it essentially says Blade thinks he’s even lower than the vampires. It also illustrates just how alone Nomak is that he cannot acquire allies who are sympathetic to his cause.

To Damaskinos: “I’ve spared you my fate. You will die.” The fact that Nomak mentions sparing his father his own fate really illustrates how bad he thinks his fate really was. Despite that it seemed like Nomak was on a power trip and enjoying himself while killing vampires and wreaking havoc on human and vampire society alike, the truth as he reveals it here is that it sucks to be a Reaper, no pun intended. It’s hard. It’s painful. It’s relentless. The constant hunger and frenetic nature of having a ramped-up metabolism and heightened aggression had taken a toll on him. It was a fate he would not even wish on the father who had cursed him with it in the first place. Interesting, then, that he did choose to inflict this fate on Nyssa… but I’ll address this point with the next quote.

To Nyssa, before he infects her: “You… You were his favorite.” Nomak was really hurt by how easily his father discarded him once his infection didn’t go according to plan. He thought he meant more to his father than that, and to be tossed aside like trash and then hunted like an animal was something that really emotionally damaged him. I think he resented Nyssa for being the “favorite,” or at least what he perceived as the favorite, but as we know from an earlier scene with Damaskinos, he was willing to let Nyssa be killed in order to stop Nomak. This is rather shocking, because not only was he willing to experiment on his own children, but the cleaning up of the embarrassment that Nomak became was of greater importance to him than his daughter’s life. I think if Nomak had known that, he would not have hated Nyssa so much, because essentially, she meant no more to Damaskinos than Nomak did himself. Instead, he resented her for the way she had more value in Damaskinos’ eyes (as far as he knew), and therefore wanted to punish her for that by cursing her with the Reaper infection. Hence Nyssa’s comment to Blade when she asks to “see the sun,” that “I want to die while I am still a vampire.”

It also begs the question, since Nyssa didn’t seem to know Nomak, didn’t know he was her brother, and didn’t know he had been infected with the virus as an adult vampire (as opposed to creating genetically-modified vampire embryos as Damaskinos decided to do going forward)… why haven’t Nomak and Nyssa met before now? Is it possible that Nyssa is a whole lot younger than Nomak is? Or maybe they have simply lived in different countries for most of Nyssa’s life? If Nyssa was living in the United States and Nomak was in the Czech Republic, as he starts out in the beginning of the movie, that would make some sense. Damaskinos was reported to have fathered thousands of children across many centuries, so it's not as far-fetched as one might think that Nomak and Nyssa had never met before.

To Blade, while dying: “It’s… strange. It hurts… it hurts no more.” With his healing abilities, Nomak could have removed the blade from his heart, regenerated almost instantly, and been fine. Instead, he forces the blade in deeper, fatally damaging his vulnerable heart after saying the above line. I find this to be the saddest and most poignant moment for Nomak, because no matter how you interpret the line, the upshot is that he was a tortured person… and now he sees a way out of that pain. Either what “hurts” is his rage at his family and his desire for revenge over the wrongs done to him, and it doesn’t matter anymore because he accomplished that revenge, so… why go on fighting? Or, what “hurts” could be the emotional and physical toll the Reaper virus has had on him, on his identity as a person and a pureblooded, natural-born vampire, and how the incessant hunger must have tortured him, and if he just pushes the blade in deeper… it could all end right now. Basically, he’s saying you know what? I’m at peace now. It’s strange, but what had been hurting me isn’t hurting anymore. He’s let go of the rage, the frenzy, and now he just wants to rest. That’s how I interpret it, and it’s sad but it’s also a rather peaceful end to a life that had been thrust into this extremely violent and turbulent existence by his father.

Potential Starter Ideas:

I can easily divorce Nomak from the movie plot and make him a bit more versatile, and will likely do that unless someone specifically wants a thread that follows the plot of the movie.

Maybe he doesn't have an interest in getting revenge on his family. Maybe he just wants to try and lay low somewhere, which backfires when he ends up leaving spawn behind as he figures out how to deal with his infection.

If you have a vampire muse, maybe Nomak wanders into their territory and there's a bit of a turf issue?

If you have a scientist muse or someone who could conceivably develop a cure for the Reaper Strain, he might possibly be convinced to work with you because he really would like to go back to being a normal vampire, heh.

I'm open to whatever ideas you may have! =)