#creating cron jobs in linux

[innovativeacademy-blog]

SYSTEM ADMIN INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 24-25

Table of Content

Introduction

File Permissions

User and Group Management:

Cron Jobs

System Performance Monitoring

Package Management (Red Hat)

Conclusion

Introduction

The IT field is vast, and Linux is an important player, especially in cloud computing. This blog is written under the guidance of industry experts to help all tech and non-tech background individuals secure interviews for roles in the IT domain related to Red Hat Linux.

File Permissions

Briefly explain how Linux file permissions work, and how you would change the permissions of a file using chmod. In Linux, each file and directory has three types of permissions: read (r), write (w), and execute (x) for three categories of users: owner, group, and others. Example: You will use chmod 744 filename, where the digits represent the permission in octal (7 = rwx, 4 = r–, etc.) to give full permission to the owner and read-only permission to groups and others.

What is the purpose of the umask command? How is it helpful to control default file permissions?umask sets the default permissions for newly created files and directories by subtracting from the full permissions (777 for directories and 666 for files). Example: If you set the umask to 022, new files will have permissions of 644 (rw-r–r–), and directories will have 755 (rwxr-xr-x).

User and Group Management:

Name the command that adds a new user in Linux and the command responsible for adding a user to a group. The Linux useradd command creates a new user, while the usermod command adds a user to a specific group. Example: Create a user called Jenny by sudo useradd jenny and add him to the developer’s group by sudo usermod—aG developers jenny, where the—aG option adds users to more groups without removing them from other groups. 

How do you view the groups that a user belongs to in Linux? 

The group command in Linux helps to identify the group a user belongs to and is followed by the username. Example: To check  user John’s group: groups john

Cron Jobs

What do you mean by cron jobs, and how is it scheduled to run a script every day at 2 AM? 

A cron job is defined in a crontab file. Cron is a Linux utility to schedule tasks to run automatically at specified times. Example: To schedule a script ( /home/user/backup.sh ) to run daily at 2 AM: 0 2 * * * /home/user/backup.sh Where 0 means the minimum hour is 2, every day, every month, every day of the week.

How would you prevent cron job emails from being sent every time the job runs? 

By default, cron sends an email with the output of the job. You can prevent this by redirecting the output to /dev/null. Example: To run a script daily at 2 AM and discard its output: 0 2 * * * /home/user/backup.sh > /dev/null 2>&1   

System Performance Monitoring

How can you monitor system performance in Linux? Name some tools with their uses. 

Some of the tools to monitor the performance are: Top: Live view of system processes and usage of resource htop: More user-friendly when compared to the top with an interactive interface. vmstat: Displays information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, and                CPU usage. iostat: Showcases Central Processing Unit (CPU) and I/O statistics for devices and partitions. Example: You can use the top command ( top ) to identify processes consuming too much CPU or memory.

In Linux, how would you check the usage of disk space?

The df command checks disk space usage, and Du is responsible for checking the size of the directory/file. Example: To check overall disk space usage:  df -h The -h option depicts the size in a human-readable format like GB, MB, etc.

Package Management (Red Hat)

How do you install, update, or remove packages in Red Hat-based Linux distributions by yum command?

In Red Hat and CentOS systems, the yum package manager is used to install, update, or remove software. Install a package:  sudo yum install httpd This installs the Apache web server.  Update a package: sudo yum update httpd Remove a package:sudo yum remove httpd 

By which command will you check the installation of a package on a Red Hat system?

The yum list installed command is required to check whether the package is installed. Example: To check if httpd (Apache) is installed:  yum list installed httpd

Conclusion

The questions are designed by our experienced corporate faculty which will help you to prepare well for various positions that require Linux such as System Admin.

Contact for Course Details – 8447712333

[atplblog]

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[ulinktechnologyinc]

The Importance of Regular SSD Health Checks for Data Security

Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have become the preferred storage solution due to their speed, durability, and energy efficiency. However, despite their advanced technology, SSDs are not immune to wear and potential failures. Regular health checks play a crucial role in ensuring data security, preventing data loss, and maintaining optimal performance. This article explores why routine test SSD drive health is essential and how it safeguards critical data.

Why SSD Health Checks Matter

1. Preventing Data Loss

Unlike traditional hard drives, SSDs have a finite number of write cycles. Over time, repeated writes can degrade NAND flash memory, leading to data corruption or loss. Regular health checks help identify wear patterns and alert users before critical failures occur.

2. Detecting Early Signs of Failure

Tools that read SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) data can detect issues such as bad blocks, high temperatures, and excessive reallocated sectors. Identifying these warning signs early allows users to take preventative action, like data backup or drive replacement.

3. Maintaining Optimal Performance

As SSDs age, their performance can degrade due to factors like increased bad blocks or inefficient data management. Regular health checks help identify performance bottlenecks and ensure that features like TRIM are functioning correctly to maintain speed and responsiveness.

4. Enhancing Data Security

Failing SSDs can lead to partial data corruption, making sensitive information vulnerable. Regular health checks reduce the risk of data breaches by ensuring that the storage medium remains secure and intact.

How to Perform Regular SSD Health Checks

1. Utilize SMART Monitoring Tools

CrystalDiskInfo (Windows): Provides real-time health statistics and temperature monitoring.

Smartmontools (Linux/macOS): Command-line tools (smartctl) for in-depth drive analysis.

Manufacturer-Specific Utilities: Samsung Magician, Intel SSD Toolbox, and others offer tailored monitoring and firmware updates.

2. Schedule Automated Health Checks

Windows Task Scheduler: Set up recurring checks using tools like CrystalDiskInfo.

Linux Cron Jobs: Automate smartctl commands to log health data periodically.

macOS Automator: Create workflows that run disk utility scripts at regular intervals.

3. Monitor Key SMART Attributes

Reallocated Sectors Count: Indicates bad blocks that have been replaced.

Wear Leveling Count: Reflects the evenness of data distribution across memory cells.

Temperature: High temperatures can accelerate wear and cause failures.

Best Practices for SSD Health and Data Security

Regular Backups: Always maintain updated backups to safeguard against sudden failures.

Enable TRIM: Ensures that deleted data blocks are efficiently managed.

Keep Firmware Updated: Manufacturers often release updates to fix bugs and improve drive reliability.

Avoid Full Drive Usage: Maintain at least 10-20% free space to allow efficient data management.

Conclusion

Regular SSD health checks are a proactive strategy to ensure data security, prevent unexpected failures, and optimize performance. With the right tools and scheduled monitoring, users can extend the lifespan of their SSDs and protect valuable data. In an age where data integrity is paramount, regular health checks are not just recommended—they're essential.

[arpitadey15]

How to Start Learning Linux Shell Programming in Ukraine

Linux shell programming is a foundational skill for IT professionals, offering the ability to automate tasks, manage systems, and enhance productivity. Whether you're a beginner or looking to expand your skill set, learning shell programming can open up numerous career opportunities, especially in Ukraine’s burgeoning tech industry. In this blog, we’ll guide you through the steps to start learning Linux shell programming and explain how Unichrone’s tailored training programs can help you achieve proficiency.

Why Learn Linux Shell Programming?

Linux is widely used across various industries for its reliability, security, and flexibility. Shell programming allows you to interact with the Linux operating system through commands and scripts, automating tasks and simplifying complex processes. Here’s why shell programming is essential:

1. Automation of Repetitive Tasks

Shell scripts enable users to automate repetitive tasks such as file management, system monitoring, and backups, saving time and reducing errors.

2. Improved System Administration

System administrators rely on shell scripting to manage and configure servers efficiently, ensuring seamless operations.

3. Enhanced Problem-Solving Skills

Learning shell programming helps you develop analytical thinking and problem-solving skills by understanding system workflows and command-line tools.

4. Career Growth Opportunities

Shell programming is a versatile skill that is highly valued in roles such as DevOps engineer, system administrator, cybersecurity analyst, and software developer.

Steps to Start Learning Linux Shell Programming

1. Understand the Basics of Linux

Before diving into shell programming, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with Linux basics. Learn about:

File systems and directory structures.

Basic commands like ls, cd, cp, mv, and rm.

Permissions and user management.

Editing files using tools like vim or nano.

2. Learn About Shells

A shell is an interface between the user and the operating system. Common shells include:

Bash (Bourne Again Shell): The most widely used shell in Linux environments.

Z Shell (zsh): Known for its advanced features and customization.

Korn Shell (ksh): Often used for its performance efficiency.

Understand the differences and choose one to focus on initially, preferably Bash, as it is the most commonly used.

3. Master Command-Line Basics

The command line is the foundation of shell programming. Learn to:

Use pipes (|) and redirection (>, <, >>).

Combine commands using operators like && and ||.

Search and filter data using grep, awk, and sed.

Manage processes with commands like ps, top, and kill.

4. Start Writing Simple Scripts

Once comfortable with commands, start creating simple scripts. Begin with tasks like:

Printing text using echo.

Creating and navigating directories.

Writing conditional statements using if-else.

Looping through files with for, while, and until loops.

5. Explore Advanced Scripting Techniques

Progress to more advanced topics as you gain confidence:

Functions and modular programming.

Error handling and debugging.

Using variables and arrays.

Working with input/output streams.

Scheduling scripts with cron jobs.

6. Practice Regularly

The best way to learn shell programming is through hands-on practice. Work on real-world tasks such as:

Automating backups.

Monitoring system performance.

Creating scripts for software installation.

7. Join Online Communities and Forums

Engage with online communities like Stack Overflow, GitHub, and Linux forums to share knowledge, ask questions, and learn from others' experiences.

8. Enroll in a Professional Training Program

For a structured learning experience, consider enrolling in a professional training program like the one offered by Unichrone. Expert-led instruction and hands-on exercises will accelerate your learning process.

Conclusion

Learning Linux shell programming is a rewarding journey that can significantly boost your career in Ukraine’s thriving IT industry. Whether you’re aiming to become a system administrator, DevOps engineer, or cybersecurity expert, shell scripting is an indispensable skill.

Unichrone’s comprehensive training program equips you with the knowledge, hands-on experience, and certification needed to excel in this field. Start your learning journey today and unlock a world of opportunities in the ever-evolving tech landscape

[rwahowa]

Backup ssh keys to cloud (Dropbox, Mega, G drive )

This is a simple hint for backing up your ssh keys to the cloud. If you have multiple keys, backing them up is a good practice. Feel free to improve on it, and when you do, please comment here for improvement suggestions. First step : set up the cloud storage provider on your Linux computer. It could be Dropbox, Megasync, and so on. Next step is to create a cron job to back up the contents of…

[korshubudemycoursesblog]

Linux Zero to Hero: Mastering the Open-Source Operating System

Linux, an open-source operating system, is the backbone of countless systems, from personal computers to enterprise servers and supercomputers. It has earned its reputation as a robust, versatile, and secure platform for developers, administrators, and tech enthusiasts. In this comprehensive guide, we explore the journey from being a Linux beginner to mastering its vast ecosystem.

Why Learn Linux?

1. Open-Source Freedom

Linux provides unparalleled flexibility, allowing users to customize and modify the system according to their needs. With its open-source nature, you have access to thousands of applications and tools free of charge.

2. Industry Relevance

Major companies, including Google, Amazon, and Facebook, rely on Linux for their servers and infrastructure. Learning Linux opens doors to lucrative career opportunities in IT and software development.

3. Secure and Reliable

Linux boasts a strong security model and is known for its stability. Its resistance to malware and viruses makes it the operating system of choice for critical applications.

Getting Started with Linux

Step 1: Understanding Linux Distributions

Linux comes in various distributions, each catering to specific needs. Popular distributions include:

Ubuntu: User-friendly, ideal for beginners.

Fedora: Known for cutting-edge technology and innovation.

Debian: Stable and versatile, preferred for servers.

CentOS: Enterprise-grade, often used in businesses.

Choosing the right distribution depends on your goals, whether it’s desktop use, development, or server management.

Step 2: Setting Up Your Linux Environment

You can use Linux in several ways:

Dual Boot: Install Linux alongside Windows or macOS.

Virtual Machines: Run Linux within your current OS using tools like VirtualBox.

Live USB: Try Linux without installation by booting from a USB drive.

Mastering Linux Basics

1. The Linux File System

Linux organizes data using a hierarchical file system. Key directories include:

/root: Home directory for the root user.

/etc: Configuration files for the system.

/home: User-specific data.

/var: Variable files, such as logs and databases.

2. Essential Linux Commands

Understanding basic commands is crucial for navigating and managing the Linux system. Examples include:

ls: Lists files and directories.

cd: Changes directories.

mkdir: Creates new directories.

rm: Deletes files or directories.

chmod: Changes file permissions.

3. User and Permission Management

Linux enforces strict user permissions to enhance security. The system categorizes users into three groups:

Owner

Group

Others

Permissions are represented as read (r), write (w), and execute (x). Adjusting permissions ensures secure access to files and directories.

Advanced Linux Skills

1. Shell Scripting

Shell scripting automates repetitive tasks and enhances efficiency. Using bash scripts, users can create programs to execute commands in sequence.

Example: A Simple Bash Script

bash

Copy code

#!/bin/bash

echo "Hello, World!"

2. System Administration

System administrators use Linux for tasks like:

Managing users and groups.

Monitoring system performance.

Configuring firewalls using tools like iptables.

Scheduling tasks with cron jobs.

3. Package Management

Each Linux distribution uses a package manager to install, update, and remove software:

APT (Ubuntu/Debian): sudo apt install package_name

YUM (CentOS/Fedora): sudo yum install package_name

Zypper (openSUSE): sudo zypper install package_name

Linux for Developers

Linux provides a robust environment for coding and development. Key features include:

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs): Tools like Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, and Visual Studio Code are supported.

Version Control Systems: Git integration makes Linux ideal for collaborative software development.

Containerization and Virtualization: Tools like Docker and Kubernetes thrive in Linux environments.

Troubleshooting and Debugging

Learning to troubleshoot is vital for any Linux user. Common methods include:

Viewing Logs: Logs in /var/log offer insights into system errors.

Using Debugging Tools: Commands like strace and gdb help debug applications.

Network Diagnostics: Tools like ping, traceroute, and netstat diagnose connectivity issues.

Linux Certifications

Earning a Linux certification validates your skills and enhances your career prospects. Notable certifications include:

CompTIA Linux+

Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE)

Linux Professional Institute Certification (LPIC)

Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA)

These certifications demonstrate proficiency in Linux administration, security, and deployment.

Tips for Success in Linux Mastery

Practice Regularly: Familiarity with commands and tools comes through consistent practice.

Join Communities: Engage with Linux forums, such as Stack Overflow and Reddit, to learn from experienced users.

Contribute to Open-Source Projects: Hands-on involvement in projects deepens your understanding of Linux and enhances your resume.

Stay Updated: Follow Linux news and updates to stay informed about advancements and changes.

Conclusion

Mastering Linux is a transformative journey that equips individuals and organizations with the tools to thrive in a technology-driven world. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can progress from a Linux novice to a seasoned expert, ready to tackle real-world challenges and opportunities.

[qcs01]

Automation and Scripting in Enterprise Linux: Ansible, Bash, and Python

Automation and scripting are crucial in managing enterprise Linux environments efficiently. They help in streamlining administrative tasks, reducing errors, and saving time. In this post, we will explore three powerful tools for automation and scripting in enterprise Linux: Ansible, Bash, and Python.

1. Ansible: Simplifying Configuration Management

Overview: Ansible is an open-source automation tool used for configuration management, application deployment, and task automation. It uses a simple, human-readable language called YAML for its playbooks, making it easy to write and understand.

Key Features:

Agentless: No need to install any software on target machines.

Idempotent: Ensures that operations are repeatable and produce the same result every time.

Extensible: Supports a wide range of modules for different tasks.

Example Use Case: Deploying a Web Server

---

- name: Install and configure Apache web server

  hosts: webservers

  become: yes

  tasks:

    - name: Install Apache

      yum:

        name: httpd

        state: present

    - name: Start and enable Apache service

      service:

        name: httpd

        state: started

        enabled: yes

    - name: Deploy index.html

      copy:

        src: /path/to/local/index.html

        dest: /var/www/html/index.html

Benefits:

Easy to set up and use.

Scales efficiently across multiple systems.

Reduces the complexity of managing large infrastructures.

2. Bash: The Power of Shell Scripting

Overview: Bash is the default shell in many Linux distributions and is widely used for scripting and automation tasks. Bash scripts can automate routine tasks, perform system monitoring, and manage system configurations.

Key Features:

Ubiquitous: Available on virtually all Linux systems.

Flexible: Can combine various command-line utilities.

Interactive: Useful for both command-line operations and scripting.

Example Use Case: Automated Backup Script

#!/bin/bash

BACKUP_SRC="/home/user/data"

BACKUP_DEST="/backup"

TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)

BACKUP_NAME="backup_$TIMESTAMP.tar.gz"

# Create a backup

tar -czf $BACKUP_DEST/$BACKUP_NAME $BACKUP_SRC

# Print the result

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

  echo "Backup successful: $BACKUP_NAME"

else

  echo "Backup failed"

fi

Benefits:

Directly interacts with the system and its utilities.

Excellent for quick and simple tasks.

Easily integrates with cron jobs for scheduled tasks.

3. Python: Advanced Scripting and Automation

Overview: Python is a powerful, high-level programming language known for its readability and versatility. It is extensively used in system administration, automation, web development, and data analysis.

Key Features:

Extensive Libraries: Rich ecosystem of modules and packages.

Readability: Clean and easy-to-understand syntax.

Cross-Platform: Works on various operating systems.

Example Use Case: Monitoring Disk Usage

import shutil

def check_disk_usage(disk):

    total, used, free = shutil.disk_usage(disk)

    print(f"Disk usage on {disk}:")

    print(f"  Total: {total // (2**30)} GB")

    print(f"  Used: {used // (2**30)} GB")

    print(f"  Free: {free // (2**30)} GB")

    if free / total < 0.2:

        print("Warning: Less than 20% free space remaining!")

    else:

        print("Sufficient free space available.")

check_disk_usage("/")

Benefits:

Great for complex automation tasks and scripts.

Strong support for integrating with various APIs and web services.

Ideal for data manipulation and processing tasks.

Conclusion

Each of these tools—Ansible, Bash, and Python—offers unique strengths and is suited to different types of tasks in an enterprise Linux environment. Ansible excels in configuration management and large-scale automation, Bash is perfect for quick and simple scripting tasks, and Python shines in complex automation, data processing, and integration tasks.

By leveraging these tools, organizations can achieve greater efficiency, consistency, and reliability in their IT operations. Whether you are deploying applications, managing configurations, or automating routine tasks, mastering these tools will significantly enhance your capabilities as a Linux system administrator.

For more details click www.qcsdclabs.com

[topseo99]

Stress

You write a script to automate sending daily email reports using Python. We'll use the smtplib library to send emails and the email.mime modules to create the email content. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Step 1: Install Required Libraries

First, ensure you have the necessary libraries installed. You can install them using pip if they are not already installed.pip install smtplib pip install email

Step 2: Set Up Email Credentials

You need to have the credentials for your email account (e.g., Gmail). For security reasons, it's better to store these in environment variables or a configuration file.

Step 3: Create the Python Script

Here's a sample script that sends an email report daily:import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText import os # Function to send email def send_email(subject, body, to_email): # Email credentials email_address = os.environ.get('EMAIL_USER') email_password = os.environ.get('EMAIL_PASS') # Create the email msg = MIMEMultipart() msg['From'] = email_address msg['To'] = to_email msg['Subject'] = subject # Attach the body with the msg instance msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain')) # Create server object with SSL option server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', 465) server.login(email_address, email_password) # Send the email server.send_message(msg) server.quit() print("Email sent successfully") # Function to generate the report def generate_report(): # Implement your report generation logic here report = "This is a sample report." return report # Main function to send daily email report def main(): report = generate_report() subject = "Daily Report" body = report to_email = "recipient@example.com" # Change to the recipient's email address send_email(subject, body, to_email) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

Step 4: Setting Up Environment Variables

To keep your email credentials secure, set them as environment variables. You can do this in your operating system or by using a .env file with the dotenv package.

Using Environment Variables Directly

Set your environment variables:

On Windows:

setx EMAIL_USER "your_email@gmail.com" setx EMAIL_PASS "your_password"

On macOS/Linux:

export EMAIL_USER="your_email@gmail.com" export EMAIL_PASS="your_password"

Using a .env File

Create a .env file with the following content:EMAIL_USER=your_email@gmail.com EMAIL_PASS=your_password

Then, update the script to load these variables:from dotenv import load_dotenv # Load environment variables from .env file load_dotenv()

Install the python-dotenv package if you use the .env file method:pip install python-dotenv

Step 5: Automating the Script Execution

To run the script daily, you can use a scheduler.

On Windows

Use Task Scheduler to run the script daily.

Open Task Scheduler.

Create a new task.

Set the trigger to daily at your desired time.

Set the action to start a program and browse to the Python executable, then add the script path as an argument.

On macOS/Linux

Use cron to schedule the script.

Open the terminal.

Type crontab -e to edit the cron jobs.

Add a new line for the daily schedule (e.g., to run at 7 AM every day):

0 7 * * * /usr/bin/python3 /path/to/your_script.py

Summary

Install required libraries using pip.

Set up email credentials securely using environment variables or a .env file.

Write the Python script to generate the report and send the email.

Automate the script execution using Task Scheduler (Windows) or cron (macOS/Linux).

This setup will ensure your script runs daily and sends the email report automatically. If you have any specific requirements or encounter issues, feel free to ask!

[tech-developer]

What is cPanel and How to Use it - A Complete Guide

What is cPanel?

cPanel is a Linux-based web hosting control panel that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for managing your website and server. It is one of the most popular control panels in the world, and is used by millions of people to manage their websites

c, short for control panel, is a web-based graphical interface designed to simplify the management and administration of websites and server functions.

It is widely used by website owners, web hosting providers, and system administrators to easily manage various aspects of their websites and servers.

cPanel allows users to perform a variety of tasks, including:

Managing files and folders

Creating and managing email accounts

Installing and managing applications such as WordPress and Drupal

Configuring security settings

Managing DNS settings

Creating and managing backups

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to use cPanel:

Access cPanel:

To use cPanel, you first need to access it. Usually, you can access cPanel by typing "yourdomain.com/cpanel" into your web browser. Alternatively, you can ask your web hosting provider for the login URL and credentials.

2. Enter your credentials:

Once you access the cPanel login page, enter your username and password provided by your hosting provider.

3. Navigate the cPanel interface:

After logging in, you will be redirected to the cPanel control panel. The interface is divided into different sections, including Files, Databases, Domains, Email, Metrics, Security, Software, and Advanced. Each section provides a range of tools and options.

4. Manage files:

In the "Files" section, you can upload, modify, and manage your website's files and folders. You can also use the File Manager tool to perform tasks like creating new directories, uploading files, editing code files, and managing permissions.

5. Configure domains:

Under the "Domains" section, you can manage domain-related settings. You can add new domain names, redirect domains, create subdomains, manage DNS records, and set up domain aliases.

6. Set up email accounts:

In the "Email" section, you can create and manage email accounts associated with your domain. You can add email accounts, set up forwarders, configure autoresponders, manage spam filters, and access webmail.

7. Configure databases:

For managing databases, you can use the "Databases" section. Here, you can create new databases, manage existing ones, set up database users, and use tools like phpMyAdmin for database administration.

8. Install software and scripts:

The "Software" section offers tools to install various applications and scripts. You can use the Softaculous Apps Installer to quickly install popular CMS platforms like WordPress, Joomla, or Drupal. This section also includes options to update software versions, perform backups, and manage SSL certificates.

9. Monitor website metrics:

Under the "Metrics" section, you can monitor your website's performance by accessing statistics like visitors, bandwidth usage, error logs, and resource usage. This helps you analyze your website's traffic and make informed decisions regarding optimization.

10. Configure security settings:

The "Security" section includes tools to enhance the security of your website. You can manage SSL certificates, set up password-protected directories, enable hotlink protection, and manage IP blocklists.

11. Advanced features:

The "Advanced" section provides additional features for experienced users and developers. Here, you can access tools like Cron jobs for scheduling tasks, manage PHP settings, access server logs, or customize error pages.

Some common tasks that you can perform using cPanel:

Create an email account: 

Click on the "Email Accounts" icon and then click on the "Create" button. Enter the desired email address and password, and then click on the "Create Account" button.

Install WordPress: 

Click on the "Softaculous Apps Installer" icon and then search for "WordPress". Click on the "Install" button and follow the on-screen instructions.

Manage your files: 

Click on the "File Manager" icon. You can then browse through your files and folders, and upload, download, or delete files as needed.

Create a database: 

Click on the "MySQL Databases" icon and then click on the "Create Database" button. Enter the desired database name and username, and then click on the "Create Database" button.

In summary, cPanel is a comprehensive and user-friendly control panel that provides a range of tools and features to effectively manage your website and server.

Its intuitive interface makes it easy to perform various tasks, from managing files and databases to configuring email accounts and monitoring website performance.

[ishitablogs]

Aws services - Best quality tranning with 100%

Acent India Technoarts is Gurgaon’s best institute for providing quality industrial training and educational courses in Gurgaon. With Acent India the best AWS training in Gurgaon. At, accent India, we have the latest course content and training curriculum designed as per real-world industrial requirements standards. We have highly experienced and qualified professionals to provide high-quality practical Amazon web services AWS training in Gurgaon.

Acent India provides the best AWS training in Gurgaon as our trainers are highly qualified corporate trainers with experience working with big MNCs like Accenture and Google.

With Acent India( AIT India Technoarts) we assure quality training with 100% job-oriented training programs. We have the industry expert trainers for Amazon AWS training so that we can ensure students with high-quality Amazon AWS training and job placements offered by us.

The training program covers all basics to advance level concepts with live AWS projects and Interview preparation.

AWS (Amazon Web Services ) Training Curriculum- Acent India AWS training Syllabus Linux OS Installation & Setup

Linux Installation, Package Selection Anatomy of a Kickstart File, Command line Bash Commands Shell System Initialization, Starting the Boot Process: GRUB commands Boot Manager and Package Management:

How to Configure services to run at boot-up Single-user mode (SU login) Shutting down and rebooting the system RPM Package Manager, Installing and Removing Software, Updating a Kernel RPM Yum Command set, Install packages by using yum Apt-get commands set, Apt-cache package management Creating and Managing User Groups

Understanding different types of groups and creation of groups Creation of users in different groups Password aging Passwd, Shadow Files Understanding user’s security files The different commands for Monitoring the users System and Files Troubleshoot Setting up Server automation like Cron Jobs Run levels:

Different types of run-levels Understanding different types of shutdown commands Understanding run control scripts Understanding the different types

Website: https://www.acentindia.com/best-aws-amazon-web-services-training-institute-in-gurgaon/

[aravikumar48]

Viral Linux Interview Questions and Answers | Tech Arkit

* What is SSH-tunnel ? * How to set history size ? * How to extend VG ? * What are logical & extended partitions ? * Explain the steps to reset root password at boot time ?* What are run-levels ? How many types of run levels are there ? * How we change the run level ? * How to check the logs ? * Difference between Journalctl & tail command ? * What does the subscription -manager do ? * How to archive a file ? * What is umask ? * How to kill a process ? * How to assign IP address manually ? * How to assign static IP address to a system ? * Explain the different type s of Linux process states ? * What is a Zombie process ? * What is KVM ? * What is hypervisor ? * Difference between MBR & GPT ? * How you can mount a file system permanently ? * What is cron ? How to setup a cron job ? * What is Kickstart ? * How to create a network bridge in Linux ? * Difference between iptables & firewalld * What is SElinux ? * What is ISCSI & targetcli ? * Difference between NFS & SAMBA ? * What is nfsnobody ? * What is SSHFS ? * What is Kerberos ? * How to secure NFS with Kerberos ? * What is the difference between telnet & SSH ? * What is DHCP ? * What is Kickstart file ? * What is NTP Server ? How to configure NTP ?

[pulipuli]

總不會全天下只有我不能在Docker容器裡面執行crontab吧？。 ---- # cron不能運作 / cron is not working。 https://forums.docker.com/t/cron-does-not-run-in-a-php-docker-container/103897。 根據大部分網路上說法，如果要在Docker容器裡面用cron做排程，主要是在Dockerfile裡面寫入以下指令：。 [Code...] 而crontab的寫法可以參考下的寫法： [Code...] 然而，我在Debian bullseye版本裡，這個方法並不能正常運作。 我有確認cron的確有載入我的設定，但cron就是不能在我設定的時間內正常運作。 https://pypi.org/project/python-crontab/。 如果系統上的cron無法正常運作，那我能不能用其他程式語言來做排程呢？。 我嘗試了Python的python-crontab。 它有種寫法可以在Windows環境運作，這可能表示它不需要仰賴Linux的cron，所以比較可能可以成功？但結果也是不行。 https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-cron。 我之前試過Node.js的Node Cron套件，它的確能照我所想的運作。 不過只是為了跑個排程，還要額外安裝Node.js，好像有點太過複雜了。 有沒有更簡單的方法呢？。 有，而且還是基本程式���計就會學到的做法：等待與無限迴圈。 ---- # 用Bash實作的排程腳本 / Create a scheduled job with Bash。 要完成這個任務，我們有兩階段設定需要進行。 ## 腳本 / Script 第一個階段是是建立我們的排程腳本cron.sh。 請將以下程式碼儲存到/cron.sh中，記得開啟執行權限(chmod +x cron.sh)，程式碼內容如下：。 [Code...] cron.sh的原理很簡單，首先用while執行無限迴圈。 迴圈開頭會先用sleep等待30秒。 30秒之後再輸出現在的時間(echo `date`)到/tmp/date.txt檔案中。 儘管認真的話也可以寫的像是crontab那樣，每分鐘都檢查一次分鐘、小時、天、月、週，但大多時候我只是要一段時間後執行某個腳本而已。 ---- 繼續閱讀 ⇨ 在Docker中定期執行指令 / Run a Scheduled Job Inside a Docker Container https://blog.pulipuli.info/2023/04/blog-post_360.html

[altdigitaltechnologies]

MongoDB backup to S3 on Kubernetes- Alt Digital Technologies

Introduction

Kubernetes CronJob makes it very easy to run Jobs on a time-based schedule. These automated jobs run like Cron tasks on a Linux or UNIX system.

In this post, we’ll make use of Kubernetes CronJob to schedule a recurring backup of the MongoDB database and upload the backup archive to AWS S3.

There are several ways of achieving this, but then again, I had to stick to one using Kubernetes since I already have a Kubernetes cluster running.

Prerequisites: 

Docker installed on your machine

Container repository (Docker Hub, Google Container Registry, etc) – I’ve used docker hub

Kubernetes cluster running

Steps to achieve this:

MongoDB installed on the server and running or MongoDB Atlas – I’ve used Atlas

AWS CLI installed in a docker container

A bash script will be run on the server to backup the database

AWS S3 Bucket configured

Build and deploy on Kubernetes

MongoDB Setup:

You can set up a mongo database on your server or use a MongoDB Atlas cluster instead. The Atlas cluster is a great way to set up a mongo database and is free for M0 clusters. You can also use a mongo database on your server or on a Kubernetes cluster.

After creating your MongoDB instance, we will need the Connection String. Please keep it safe somewhere, we will need it later. Choosing a connection string may confuse which one to pick. So we need to select the MongoDB Compass one that looks in the below format. Read more!!

[tastethelinux]

2 ways to Creating cron jobs in Linux.

2 ways to creating cron jobs in Linux with specific user and for the system. Set up for cron jobs, crontab examples, fields explained. #linux #hacking #kalilinux #tech #developer #computer #hackers #hack #security #code

Introduction In the tutorial, we are creating cron jobs in Linux. Cron is to run the script or command at a given date and time. It is to schedule the backup, for logrotate, and delete files on a weekly basis. Suppose we have to take the backup or archive the logs daily then we can use cron jobs. Cron jobs in Linux help us to automate the tasks without a fail. At the given timestamp it will…