#date: august 1800

[fordarkmornings]

August Hagborg (Swedish, 1852-1921)

Girls Resting on the Beach

[resplendentoutfit]

Pretty in Pink: Victorian era paintings featuring women wearing pink

Auguste Toulmouch (French, 1829-1890 ) • Le billet (The Ticket) • Before 1890

Agapit Stevens (Belgian, 1848-1924) • Indecision • c. Mid 1800

Right: Rogelio de Egusquiza (Spanish, 1845–1915) • Lady in a Pink Dress • 1880

Left: John Collier (British, 1850–1934) • Portrait of a Lady Carrying a Bowl of Pink Carnations • Unknown date

Alexandre Cabanel (French, 1823-1889) • Portrait of Olivia Peyton Murray • 1887

[dragoninahumancostume]

I'm bored so

All years referenced in Hamilton:

(directly from the songs)

1776, Aaron Burr, Sir

1780, Winter's Ball

1781, Yorktown (The World Turned Upside-Down)

1785, I Know Him

1789, What'd I Miss

1791, We Know

1800, The Election of 1800

(by event/lyric, assuming Alexander was born in 1757, in order of events. This might be a bit confusing so feel free to ask clarification)

1754, I was given my first command I led my men straight into a massacre

1766, when he was ten his father split

1768, his mother went quick

1768-1835, Philip Jeremiah Schuyler (Angelica's brother, son of Philip Schuyler. Philip had like 15 children apparently, including the sisters and Philip)

1769, the cousin committed suicide

1769, as a kid in the Caribbean I wished for a war ("I wish there was a war", letter to Edward Stevens)

1771, they placed him in charge of a trading charter

1772, a hurricane destroyed Hamilton's town

1772, ship is in the harbor now see if you can spot him

1773, I am Hercules Mulligan

1773, your tea which you hurl in the sea (Boston Tea Party)

1775, Farmer Refuted

1775, yo let's steal their cannons

1775, I was a captain under general Montgomery until he caught a bullet in the neck in Quebec

1776, British Admiral Howe's got 32000 troops in New York harbor

1776, he promotes Charles Lee makes him second-in-command

1777, I need someone like you to lighten the load (Alex becomes Washington's right hand man)

1777, I'm John Laurens in the place to be

1777, je m'apelle Lafayette

1778, Theodosia meets Burr

1778, Battle of Monmouth

1778, duel between Laurens and Lee

1779, Laurens i like you a lot (letter from Alex to John, "I wish, my dear Laurens, it might be in my power, by actions rather than words, to convince you that I love you")

1780, give it up for the maid of honor (Alexander and Eliza's wedding)

1781, Hamilton leaves Washington (due to his lack of command)

1781, we fought with him

1782, Philip's birth

1782, me I died for him

1783, Theodosia's birth

1785, I am sailing off to London

1787, at the constitutional convention, goes and proposes his own form of government

(October-August) 1787-1788, write a series of essays titled The Federalist Papers

1789, Hamilton runs the state department

1789-1792, life without the monarchy

1790, Cabinet Battle #1

1791, Burr becomes senator

1791, Hamilton meets Ms. Reynolds

1793, Cabinet Battle #2

1793, Thomas Jefferson resings

1797, Washington's presidency ends

1797-1801, Adams' administration

1797, The Reynolds Pamphlets

1799, George Washington's death

1800, the first murder trial of our brand new nation (Levi Weeks' trial)

(March) 1801, death of Peggy Schuyler

(July) 1801, George Eacker's 4th of July speech

(23th November) 1801, George and Philip's duel

(24th November) 1801, Philip's death

1804, Alexander Hamilton's death

1810, You're making me mad (King George III actually goes mad)

1820, I'll love you til my dying days (King George dies)

I tried my best to get most of the dates, but tell me if I missed any! :)

[thepastisalreadywritten]

Story and photographs by Ronan O’Connell

September 26, 2023

In the middle of a field in a lesser known part of Ireland is a large mound where sheep wander and graze freely.

Had they been in that same location centuries ago, these animals might have been stiff with terror, held aloft by chanting, costumed celebrants while being sacrificed to demonic spirits that were said to inhabit nearby Oweynagat cave.

This monumental mound lay at the heart of Rathcroghan, the hub of the ancient Irish kingdom of Connaught.

The former Iron Age center is now largely buried beneath the farmland of County Roscommon.

In 2021, Ireland applied for UNESCO World Heritage status for Rathcroghan (Rath-craw-hin). It remains on the organization's tentative list.

Rooted in lore

Spread across more than two square miles of rich agricultural land, Rathcroghan encompasses 240 archaeological sites, dating back 5,500 years.

They include burial mounds, ring forts (settlement sites), standing stones, linear earthworks, an Iron Age ritual sanctuary — and Oweynagat, the so-called gate to hell.

More than 2,000 years ago, when Ireland’s communities seem to have worshipped nature and the land itself, it was here at Rathcroghan that the Irish New Year festival of Samhain (SOW-in) was born, says archaeologist and Rathcroghan expert Daniel Curley.

In the 1800s, the Samhain tradition was brought by Irish immigrants to the United States, where it morphed into the sugar overload that is American Halloween.

Dorothy Ann Bray, a retired associate professor at McGill University and an expert in Irish folklore, explains that pre-Christian Irish divided each year into summer and winter.

Within that framework were four festivities.

Imbolc, on February 1, was a festival that coincided with lambing season.

Bealtaine, on May 1, marked the end of winter and involved customs like washing one’s face in dew, plucking the first blooming flowers, and dancing around a decorated tree.

August 1 heralded Lughnasadh, a harvest festival dedicated to the god Lugh and presided over by Irish kings.

Then on October 31 came Samhain, when one pastoral year ended and another began.

Rathcroghan was not a town, as Connaught had no proper urban centers and consisted of scattered rural properties.

Instead, it was a royal settlement and a key venue for these festivals.

During Samhain, in particular, Rathcroghan was a hive of activity focused on its elevated temple, which was surrounded by burial grounds for the Connachta elite.

Those same privileged people may have lived at Rathcroghan. The remaining lower-class Connachta communities resided in dispersed farms and descended on the site only for festivals.

At those lively events they traded, feasted, exchanged gifts, played games, arranged marriages, and announced declarations of war or peace.

Festivalgoers also may have made ritual offerings, possibly directed to the spirits of Ireland’s otherworld.

That murky, subterranean dimension, also known as Tír na nÓg (Teer-na-nohg), was inhabited by Ireland’s immortals, as well as a myriad of beasts, demons, and monsters.

During Samhain, some of these creatures escaped via Oweynagat cave (pronounced “Oen-na-gat” and meaning “cave of the cats”).

“Samhain was when the invisible wall between the living world and the otherworld disappeared,” says Mike McCarthy, a Rathcroghan tour guide and researcher who has co-authored several publications on the site.

“A whole host of fearsome otherworldly beasts emerged to ravage the surrounding landscape and make it ready for winter.”

Thankful for the agricultural efforts of these spirits but wary of falling victim to their fury, the people protected themselves from physical harm by lighting ritual fires on hilltops and in fields.

They disguised themselves as fellow ghouls, McCarthy says, so as not to be dragged into the otherworld via the cave.

Despite these engaging legends — and the extensive archaeological site in which they dwell — one easily could drive past Rathcroghan and spot nothing but paddocks.

Inhabited for more than 10,000 years, Ireland is so dense with historical remains that many are either largely or entirely unnoticed.

Some are hidden beneath the ground, having been abandoned centuries ago and then slowly consumed by nature.

That includes Rathcroghan, which some experts say may be Europe’s largest unexcavated royal complex.

Not only has it never been dug up, but it also predates Ireland’s written history.

That means scientists must piece together its tale using non-invasive technology and artifacts found in its vicinity.

While Irish people for centuries knew this site was home to Rathcroghan, it wasn’t until the 1990s that a team of Irish researchers used remote sensing technology to reveal its archaeological secrets beneath the ground.

“The beauty of the approach to date at Rathcroghan is that so much has been uncovered without the destruction that comes with excavating upstanding earthwork monuments,” Curley says.

“[Now] targeted excavation can be engaged with, which will answer our research questions while limiting the damage inherent with excavation.”

Becoming a UNESCO site

This policy of preserving Rathcroghan’s integrity and authenticity extends to tourism.

Despite its significance, Rathcroghan is one of Ireland’s less frequented attractions, drawing some 22,000 visitors a year compared with more than a million at the Cliffs of Moher.

That may not be the case had it long ago been heavily marketed as the “Birthplace of Halloween,” Curley says.

But there is no Halloween signage at Rathcroghan or in Tulsk, the nearest town.

Rathcroghan’s renown should soar, however, if Ireland is successful in its push to make it a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The Irish Government has included Rathcroghan as part of the “Royal Sites of Ireland,” which is on its newest list of locations to be considered for prized World Heritage status.

The global exposure potentially offered by UNESCO branding would likely attract many more visitors to Rathcroghan.

But it seems unlikely this historic jewel will be re-packaged as a kitschy Halloween tourist attraction.

“If Rathcroghan got a UNESCO listing and that attracted more attention here that would be great, because it might result in more funding to look after the site,” Curley says.

“But we want sustainable tourism, not a rush of gimmicky Halloween tourism.”

Those travelers who do seek out Rathcroghan might have trouble finding Oweynagat cave.

Oweynagat is elusive — despite being the birthplace of Medb, perhaps the most famous queen in Irish history, 2,000 years ago.

Barely signposted, it’s hidden beneath trees in a paddock at the end of a one-way, dead-end farm track, about a thousand yards south of the much more accessible temple mound.

Visitors are free to hop a fence, walk through a field, and peer into the narrow passage of Oweynagat.

In Ireland’s Iron Age, such behavior would have been enormously risky during Samhain, when even wearing a ghastly disguise might not have spared the wrath of a malevolent creature.

Two millennia later, most costumed trick-or-treaters on Halloween won’t realize they’re mimicking a prehistoric tradition — one with much higher stakes than the pursuit of candy.

[billyshakesp]

Conceptualising 10,000 Years

Yes, this is another post about how the ten-thousand-year-old primordial saints of the Resurrection are, indeed, very old. But the tricky thing about human minds is that they're really bad at comprehending massive numbers. So, in this post, I hope to give you, my dear reader, an understanding of what it means to be ten thousand years old.

Let us imagine, just for a moment, that today (28 August, 2024) marks the close of the myriadic year of our Lord–that far-off King of Necromancers, that blessed Resurrector of Saints!–and the Lyctors reach ten thousand years old today. From this premise, I believe we can better grasp just how old these people are, since we can timeline their lives based on real-world events. So, without further ado...

8000 BCE - The Great Resurrection. Earth is still experiencing the last great Ice Age. Woolly mammoths are still thriving, and, according to some estimates, the last of the smilodon and American lion species still lives. HS Sapiens are still in the Stone Age. Earliest records of ovens used for pottery.

7700 BCE - Lyctors reach 300 years old. Farmers first domesticate wheat in the area now known as Mesopotamia. Humans have yet to develop advanced agricultural technology, instead relying on very primitive methods.

7000 BCE - Lyctors are now 1000 years old. Domestication of goats in Mesopotamia.

6700 BCE- Lyctors are 1300 years old. Domestication of pigs in Mesopotamia.

6200 BCE - Lyctors are 1800 years old. The Bronze Age begins! Earliest evidence of the smelting of bronze dates back to roughly 6200 BCE in Asia Minor. With the advent of bronze, humans are able to make more effective and more durable tools.

6000 BCE - Lyctors are 2000 years old. First settlements along the Nile River

5500 BCE - Lyctors are 2500 years old. Earliest evidence of Ancient Sumer.

5000 BCE - Lyctors are 3000 years old. Major agricultural developments occurred around this time, including the first evidence for the usage of irrigation.

4000 BCE -Lyctors are 4000 years old. Extinction of the Woolly Mammoth. Humans develop the first cities around this time, and wool is first used as in textiles.

3100 BCE - Lyctors are 4900 years old. Construction on Stonehenge begins. Recorded history emerges around this time. The rise of Ancient Egypt begins. Earliest cuneiform texts date back to this time.

2334 BCE - Lyctors are 5666 years old. Sargon of Akkad is King of the Akkadian Empire.

2154 BCE - Lyctors are 5846 years old. Akkadian empire dissolves after less than 200 years wow!

2000 BCE - Lyctors are 6000 years old. Ancient Minoan civilization begins.

1341 BCE - Lyctors are 6659 years old. Birth of King Tut.

1250 BCE - Lycors are 6750 years old. Ancient Chinese and Ancient Olmec civilization begins.

800 BCE - Lyctors are 7200 years old. Start of the Classical Period.

500 CE - Lyctors are 8500 years old. End of the Classical Period. Sorry, too lazy to write all of it out. Plus, there's a billion resources on it.

900 CE - Lyctors are 8900 years old. Start of the Dark Ages.

1492 CE - Lyctors are 9492 years old. Planning of Dios Apate Major begins around here in the Locked Tomb timeline. Columbus "discovers" the Americas (and proceeds to slaughter indigenous peoples)

2000 - The myriadic year of our lord.

I hope you understand how old these people are. DISCLAIMER: Not a historian. Do not claim to be. These dates are from cursory research and could be inaccurate. Furthermore, this is nowhere near a complete account of human history, especially towards the end, when I got really bored.

Ty <3

[musettastone]

Nobody asked, but here are some of my personal headcanons for various Lucky Luke characters hehe

Lucky Luke

☆Luke is short for Lucas, but nobody ever calls him that except his mother

☆Luke's father (who wasn't in his life, ditched before he was born) was actually an outlaw (though not a very successful one). Unlike Luke, he was a terrible shot.

☆Luke got Jolly imported from London and initially found Rantanplan as a puppy in Texas (before he became a prison "guard dog")

☆Luke is 24

☆Luke's dream vacation spot is Belgium (which is why his outfit is based off of the Belgian flag 🇧🇪)

☆ Fingers helped Luke to quit smoking (semi-canon I guess because "Fingers" was the first issue where he stopped smoking completely)

☆Luke was born in Colorado, but his true home is ✨️Texas✨️

The Daltons

☆William and Jack are identical twins, although Jack is taller because he ate healthier growing up lol. They both like to confuse other people on who is who and often switch names and pretend to be each other. Even Luke can't keep up with who is who.

☆Joe has NRP2 dwarfism, a rare type of proportional dwarfism. He is about 4' 5" due to this condition, although he has never received an official diagnosis (because it's the 1800s, lol). Averell, on the other hand, is 6' 8" and often has to bend to get through doors.

☆The only food Averell hates is chocolate

☆Joe would never admit it, but he has a hobby for stargazing and often likes to analyze constellations

☆William loves to cheat at cards while Jack prefers to play fair

☆Ages: Joe: 26, Jack and William: 24 and Averell, 22

Billy The Kid

☆Billy's full name is Henry McCarty (just like the real Billy The Kid lol), but he will smack you (or try to at least) if you call him Henry

☆Billy has a secret passion for baking. He loves sweets, especially pastries, and will often make them by the dozen

Fingers

☆Real name is Freddie (he ALWAYS spells it with the "ie", he insists)

☆Always getting his nails done, and he always has on 2 inch blinged out acrylics (another reason why they call him Fingers, lol)

☆Born in the West Indies, specifically Martinique.

☆Fingers is a traveler by heart, so he is always going to and from different countries, his current residence being the United States, his previous being France.

☆Best friends with Pat Poker, they love doing card tricks together

Pat Poker

☆Born and raised in Chicago (pre fire), which is where he learned to play cards. Cheating runs in his blood, as his father, grandfather, cousins, and siblings were also huge card sharks.

☆Builds card houses for fun with his gang

☆When he doesn't cheat, he actually hates poker just because it is too unpredictable for him, lol

☆Favorite colors are pink and purple. He has his office painted pink and has rhinestones with his initials on his gun

Others

☆Phil Defer is like 7 feet tall, even taller than Averell. He is also best friends with Elliot Belt.

☆August Oyster and Calamity Jane secretly would like to befriend each other but would NEVER admit it

☆Waldo Badminton has a blackbelt in jujutsu

☆Mad Jim spent hours in the mirror just trying to get that Lucky Luke combover right lol

☆Ma Dalton and Pa Dalton often went on robbing sprees for their date nights

[iluvmatt]

unearthly, m.s

prologue, i beg of you, save us from this hell. synopsis: in a small suburban area of boston, a group of teenagers—matthew sturniolo and his two triplet brothers, nick and chris, and a childhood friend of theirs, y/n—travel to an old destination named granger’s deathly hill; a place in which hadn’t been visited merely since the early 1970s. atop of the old haunted hill, the group soon realize things aren’t truly as picturesque as they imagined and conclude that they are in grave danger. as they meet people along the way, they realize that the journey home may be harder than expected. knowing that they are in a situation that could ultimately ruin their lives or end them entirely, they make up a plan to make it back home safe, or better yet, alive. amongst the chaos, while trying to save each other, matt and y/n realize that there is more to them than just friendship. warnings: mentions of death with small description, and anxiety expressed in the prologue below.

rumor spread rapidly around the small suburban area in boston, of the old hill owned formerly by choi granger; who was recently found suspiciously deceased in the driveway of his residence. apparent witnesses in the weekly sunday newspaper state that there were ghosts and other such paranormal beings around the area over the weekend of the fifth of august, as they could hear sobs for help within the trees. 

granger hill was something unlike any other, as some lifelong villagers say, due to the suspicion and unpredictability of mr. granger himself. it had all started around 1965— the year that mr. granger moved in, fresh to the small area of merely six-thousand people. 

he was tall and stocky, with dark eyes that everyone he had met said that they saw the devil staring back at them when they looked directly in them. he wore old worn overalls, a black long-sleeve underneath— even in the summer heat— and gloves that none of the villagers remembered him taking off. locals said he held secrets beneath those dirt-stained gloves and that's why he never removed them out in the public eye. 

even as a child, he was someone that nobody wanted to be around, as just his presence was enough to drain someone’s soul for the next six months. maybe it was his fault, maybe it was someone else’s, or maybe, he was just made like that. maybe, he was simply made with a heart that was cold as ice, a stare that could send someone into a panic, and a personality that nobody wanted to get to know, except for his wife, that left him alone even after her death. 

that, too, was something nobody could quite understand or piece together. how did granger, one of the worst people known to this town, have a wife? how was he able to meet someone who loved hi, no matter what. nobody saw his wife much, they only knew that her hair was jet black and her cheeks had no color. 

soon after their marriage, though, she was found in the woods.

that being said, with the mysterious death of his wife and the appearance of granger as a whole, he was an unsettling topic all by his lonesome, but the property in which he lived both on and around was something indescribably horrifying. 

in the spring of seventy-three, a couple went on a romantic old-style picnic date within the woods of granger hill, and came out completely different people. after their picnic, the woman, coretta anderson, was placed into a psychiatric asylum due to uncontrollable anxiety, and her boyfriend, dylan russo, was rumored to have moved far out of town and hadn't been seen since. 

it was also rumored amongst the town that an old man in the late 1800s still haunts where he was hung in the woods, near where granger’s wife was found, as you can see his visible figure at dawn, and a little girl who was viciously killed years after the older man can still be heard singing in the distance if listened to close enough. 

months after the rumors surfaced, more than five decomposed bodies were found in the mess of the trees. nobody knows if they are the two of those who were rumored, or who they might've been. it was a closed case, and not a single person was asking questions about it. 

there were so many unanswered questions about mr. granger, his life, and his home; now put to a perpetual halt due to his death. 

the people wondered what caused the mans death, though; he was in perfectly good health and seemed to be better than he had ever been before. now, with choi granger dead and the entirety of the community together and asking why, the hill was renamed granger's deathly hill. 

now, after forty-nine years of the mystery going unsolved— four teens find themselves venturing to the troubled land, hoping for a good explanation to ease their worries.

taglist: @taking-a-footnote-in-your-life, @lostwonderwall, @lomlolivia, @sturniolomads, @kylespencersvocalcords, @stxrniqlo, @sophialimass, @loonielol, @siriusfahey, @getbillzoned, @kjd55, @ceceswritings, @dancingintheedark, @yoongoboongo, @kissesforkills, @dabwoos​, @iloveneilperry​, @im-a-matt-girl​, @zebonos​, reach out to be added!

masterlist | previous © iluvmatt, 2023.

[city-of-ladies]

Hersend (fl. 1249-1259) was a physician known for accompanying King Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade.

A skilled and trusted doctor

The document mentioning Hersend calls her magistra (the feminine form of magister, "master" or "teacher" in Latin), which could mean that she was university educated. This would be surprising since women technically couldn't attend universities at that time. 

Hersend was a valued member of the royal household. A royal act dating from August 1250 promises her a lifelong pension of twelve Parisians deniers a day. Even if it can’t be known if she was the king’s personal physician, she likely took care of him during the expedition. Since Queen Margaret of Provence gave birth in 1250, Hersend could also have acted as a midwife. 

Going back home 

Hersend survived the dangers of the crusade (which saw the king captured and ransomed). She returned to Paris at the end of 1250, married an apothecary named Jacques and continued practice her profession. They bought a house together in 1259. Hersend was likely dead by 1299 and her house was bought by lady Pétronille, apothecary to the King of France.

Further reading:

"Hersende" - Les guerriers du Moyen-Âge

Kostick Conor, The Crusades and the Near East - Cultural histories

Le Goff Jacques, Saint Louis

Whaley L., Women and the Practice of Medical Care in Early Modern Europe, 1400-1800

[art-that-fucks-you-up-tournament]

Stats Part 3

Now that Round 3 is over, we're down to 32 (well, 33) remaining artworks which feels about time to check in on how our statistics are doing!

And if you're not interested in statistics, I (Mod Salix) wanted to talk about the polls. You may have noticed that I've been trying to keep to 4 polls a day, which would mean that Round 4 is only going to be 4 days, and Round 5 would post everything in two days. Starting in Round 6, we'll probably re-institute week long polls. Hopefully none of us will lose track of what day to post the next round!

We have 20 artworks by male artists, 10 by female artists, and 4 by groups or unknowable entities! And of those, one person is Black, two are Aboriginal (one of whom is Mestizo and Kichwa, the other of whom is Aboriginal Australian), one is Asian-American (and two are Chinese living in China as opposed to living somewhere they're a minority), and one is Indian-British. And also three are left from gay men about the AIDS crisis, in addition to the AIDS memorial quilt, and one lesbian comic.

There are six American artists (including the Asian-American mentioned above), and three Chinese artists (including the Asian-American mentioned above), as well as three Russians (including Ilya Repin, who was born in the future Ukraine and lived near St. Petersburg), technically two different pieces by the same Dutch artist (hi van Gogh), and one each from Argentina, Serbia, Ecuador, Colombia, Canada, Italy, Northern Ireland, Poland, Australia, Finland, Germany, France, and Britain. And one artist I have listed as Denmark/Germany/France, because August Friedrich Schenck was born in a place that was Denmark at the time, Germany now, and worked mostly in France.

Of the pieces with known locations, eight are in the United States (four specifically in New York), two each in Australia and Russia, and one each in Argentina, Finland, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and one in a private collection.

There are two archaic pieces of art, Judith is our last standing piece from anything between archaic and 1843, 8 pieces of art from the 1800s, although five are from 1878 to 1896, one from 1903, two from the 70s or 80s, 5 from the 90s, four from the 00s, four from the span of 2014 to 2016, and three from the last two years. And two unknown dates and the AIDS memorial quilt which is still being added to.

There are 15 paintings, 7 installation arts, one comic, one photograph, one cave art, one sketch, one tattoo, and one fiber art slash installation. And the most common subject of the art are five queer related art pieces, although I have four each I summed up as either horror or grief/anguish.

And, lastly, someone sent in an ask in like Round 1 asking about statistics regarding whether being in first or second place in the poll biased anything. I'm not actually a statistician, so I can't answer that question, but I did compile the numbers of how many first-positioned vs second-positioned arts won! Surprisingly, Round 1 had 64 firsts to 63 seconds (and one tie), Round 2 had 29 to 35, and Round 3 had 15 to 17. Technically speaking that's not a large enough sample size to determine bias but it's... interesting?.

I was going to make a scatterplot featuring the number of votes in each poll to track engagement, but I haven't actually figured out how to do one in Google Sheets yet so maybe at the end of the bracket.

[lamarseillasie]

September 16th, 1789: 234 years ago, Jean-Paul Marat published the first issue of L'Ami Du Peuple

L'Ami du Peuple, or, as it was called at the time it was founded, L'Ami Du Peuple ou Le Publiciste Parisien, was an active revolutionary newspaper and also one of the most absolutely fascinating and interesting pieces of the entire French Revolution, created and edited by Marat from September 1789.

The year 1789 was a relatively turbulent period for both Marat's career and the history of the Revolution. This can be seen simply by the number of projects that Marat began in a short space of time. In February, just two months after publishing his Offrande à la Patrie (1788), he published the Supplément à l'Offrande (1789). In March, he began to attend the sessions of the electoral assembly of his district, Carmes-Déchaussés, with great assiduity and was soon elected to the electoral committee. In August, he began publishing Le Moniteur Patriote and also published the Projet de déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen suivi d'un Plan de constitution juste, sage et libre. Finally, in September, he published No. 1 of Le Publiciste Parisien, and consequently No. 5 of the then L'Ami Du Peuple ou Le Publiciste Parisien, which marked the birth of the famous Friend of the People, a character Marat would identify with until the last day of his life. It can be said that this newspaper came about when Marat found himself in a situation where he would have to produce and publish newspapers and pamphlets independently and without the approval of his colleagues. He proposed to the committee that it should have a press, which was apparently not accepted by the district.

More than just one of the many periodicals that existed during the course of the revolution, L'Ami du Peuple is a precious historical source of information and there is no doubt that it was important for the unfolding of revolutionary events. Not even Delisle de Sales, in his Essai sur le journalisme depuis 1735 jusqu'à l'an 1800 (1811), a work that expressed the author's deep aversion to the revolutionary process and especially to Marat, denies that L'Ami Du Peuple left a mark on the philosophical memory of the history of French journalism.

Albert Mathiez, in a summary of Gottschalk's Marat in the 1927 AHRF (pp. 599-602), makes an interesting comment on Marat's analysis in the context of revolutionary journalism:

"In my opinion, what makes Marat original among the journalists and statesmen of the Revolution has not been sufficiently appreciated by M. Gottschalk. (...) He was never naïve about the revolution that was taking place. From the first moment, he proclaimed that the proletarians - an expression he had already used in its current sense - would gain nothing. (...) No other revolutionary had the same degree of feeling that the proletariat was a class distinct from the bourgeoisie. (...) What always distinguished Marat, presented as an enlightened man, was the correctness of his vision, the total absence of candor, the profound and even pessimistic realism. Marat was not only one of the most determined and precocious republicans. He also did not conceive of the Republic except in the form of direct rule."

In addition to the abundant and impressive number of issues that were written (L'Ami du Peuple had almost 700 issues in total, not counting the pamphlets and later works), it is even more astonishing when we stop to consider that a large part of all the work produced by Marat during the five years of revolution was almost entirely uninterrupted, but mainly clandestine. He managed not to be prevented even by laws (such as the decree of March 9, 1793, which obliged members of the Convention who were newspaper editors to choose between legislation and journalism) from continuing to produce and publish his writings.

Today's date is important and significant for history - the history of journalism and the revolution, but especially and undoubtedly the history of Marat. L'Ami du Peuple was, above all, a character. He is a truly dedicated patriot, brave and fearless, who cares about his fellow citizens and the people. He is an important character for Marat because the two, at a certain point, become one. L'Ami du Peuple, who initially appears as the construction of a publicity strategy, quickly becomes a kind of romantic hero of the revolution, with whom Marat identifies and whom he also uses to continue ceaselessly defending what was right for him, what fit in with his very well-founded and observed political and social principles. The previous Marat, the Marat Man of the Enlightenment, physicist, doctor and experimenter, had a passion that managed to outshine all his other interests: politics, and of that there is no doubt. Marat found himself moved by this political passion a few times before the Revolution - Chains Of Slavery (1774), for example, which was written incessantly over just three months, with mainly political aims, is living proof of Marat's burning passion in this area - but none of the times he expressed his interest was as strong and as significant for him as the creation of L'Ami du Peuple, which signified Marat's definitive entry into the revolution. L'Ami du Peuple was important to Marat because it was through it that he was able to express and make his politics heard; because L'Ami du Peuple made Marat so passionately committed to a revolution that it gave him, definitively, a homeland: the France.

[yaggy031910]

The napoleonic marshal‘s children

After seeing @josefavomjaaga’s and @northernmariette’s marshal calendar, I wanted to do a similar thing for all the marshal’s children! So I did! I hope you like it. c: I listed them in more or less chronological order but categorised them in years (especially because we don‘t know all their birthdays). At the end of this post you are going to find remarks about some of the marshals because not every child is listed! ^^“ To the question about the sources: I mostly googled it and searched their dates in Wikipedia, ahaha. Nevertheless, I also found this website. However, I would be careful with it. We are talking about history and different sources can have different dates. I am always open for corrections. Just correct me in the comments if you find or know a trustful source which would show that one or some of the dates are incorrect. At the end of the day it is harmless fun and research. :) Pre 1790

François Étienne Kellermann (4 August 1770- 2 June 1835) 

Marguerite Cécile Kellermann (15 March 1773 - 12 August 1850)

Ernestine Grouchy (1787–1866)

Mélanie Marie Josèphe de Pérignon (1788 - 1858)

Alphonse Grouchy (1789–1864)

Jean-Baptiste Sophie Pierre de Pérignon (1789- 14 January 1807)

Marie Françoise Germaine de Pérignon (1789 - 15 May 1844)

Angélique Catherine Jourdan (1789 or 1791 - 7 March 1879)

1790 - 1791

Marie-Louise Oudinot (1790–1832)

Marie-Anne Masséna (8 July 1790 - 1794)

Charles Oudinot (1791 - 1863)

Aimee-Clementine Grouchy (1791–1826)

Anne-Francoise Moncey (1791–1842)

1792 - 1793

Bon-Louis Moncey (1792–1817)

Victorine Perrin (1792–1822)

Anne-Charlotte Macdonald (1792–1870)

François Henri de Pérignon (23 February 1793 - 19 October 1841)

Jacques Prosper Masséna (25 June 1793 - 13 May 1821)

1794 - 1795

Victoire Thècle Masséna (28 September 1794 - 18 March 1857)

Adele-Elisabeth Macdonald (1794–1822)

Marguerite-Félécité Desprez (1795-1854); adopted by Sérurier

Nicolette Oudinot (1795–1865)

Charles Perrin (1795–15 March 1827)

1796 - 1997

Emilie Oudinot (1796–1805)

Victor Grouchy (1796–1864)

Napoleon-Victor Perrin (24 October 1796 - 2 December 1853)

Jeanne Madeleine Delphine Jourdan (1797-1839)

1799

François Victor Masséna (2 April 1799 - 16 April 1863)

Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte (4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859)

Auguste Oudinot (1799–1835)

Caroline de Pérignon (1799-1819)

Eugene Perrin (1799–1852)

1800

Nina Jourdan (1800-1833)

Caroline Mortier de Trevise (1800–1842)

1801

Achille Charles Louis Napoléon Murat (21 January 1801 - 15 April 1847)

Louis Napoléon Lannes (30 July 1801 – 19 July 1874)

Elise Oudinot (1801–1882)

1802

Marie Letizia Joséphine Annonciade Murat (26 April 1802 - 12 March 1859)

Alfred-Jean Lannes (11 July 1802 – 20 June 1861)

Napoléon Bessière (2 August 1802 - 21 July 1856)

Paul Davout (1802–1803)

Napoléon Soult (1802–1857)

1803

Marie-Agnès Irma de Pérignon (5 April 1803 - 16 December 1849)

Joseph Napoléon Ney (8 May 1803 – 25 July 1857)

Lucien Charles Joseph Napoléon Murat (16 May 1803 - 10 April 1878)

Jean-Ernest Lannes (20 July 1803 – 24 November 1882)

Alexandrine-Aimee Macdonald (1803–1869)

Sophie Malvina Joséphine Mortier de Trévise ( 1803 - ???)

1804

Napoléon Mortier de Trévise (6 August 1804 - 29 December 1869)

Michel Louis Félix Ney (24 August 1804 – 14 July 1854)

Gustave-Olivier Lannes (4 December 1804 – 25 August 1875)

Joséphine Davout (1804–1805)

Hortense Soult (1804–1862)

Octavie de Pérignon (1804-1847)

1805

Louise Julie Caroline Murat (21 March 1805 - 1 December 1889)

Antoinette Joséphine Davout (1805 – 19 August 1821)

Stephanie-Josephine Perrin (1805–1832)

1806

Josephine-Louise Lannes (4 March 1806 – 8 November 1889)

Eugène Michel Ney (12 July 1806 – 25 October 1845)

Edouard Moriter de Trévise (1806–1815)

Léopold de Pérignon (1806-1862)

1807

Adèle Napoleone Davout (June 1807 – 21 January 1885)

Jeanne-Francoise Moncey (1807–1853)

1808: Stephanie Oudinot (1808-1893) 1809: Napoleon Davout (1809–1810)

1810: Napoleon Alexander Berthier (11 September 1810 – 10 February 1887)

1811

Napoleon Louis Davout (6 January 1811 - 13 June 1853)

Louise-Honorine Suchet (1811 – 1885)

Louise Mortier de Trévise (1811–1831)

1812

Edgar Napoléon Henry Ney (12 April 1812 – 4 October 1882)

Caroline-Joséphine Berthier (22 August 1812 – 1905)

Jules Davout (December 1812 - 1813)

1813: Louis-Napoleon Suchet (23 May 1813- 22 July 1867/77)

1814: Eve-Stéphanie Mortier de Trévise (1814–1831) 1815

Marie Anne Berthier (February 1815 - 23 July 1878)

Adelaide Louise Davout (8 July 1815 – 6 October 1892)

Laurent François or Laurent-Camille Saint-Cyr (I found two almost similar names with the same date so) (30 December 1815 – 30 January 1904)

1816: Louise Marie Oudinot (1816 - 1909)

1817

Caroline Oudinot (1817–1896)

Caroline Soult (1817–1817)

1819: Charles-Joseph Oudinot (1819–1858)

1820: Anne-Marie Suchet (1820 - 27 May 1835) 1822: Henri Oudinot ( 3 February 1822 – 29 July 1891) 1824: Louis Marie Macdonald (11 November 1824 - 6 April 1881.) 1830: Noemie Grouchy (1830–1843) —————— Children without clear birthdays:

Camille Jourdan (died in 1842)

Sophie Jourdan (died in 1820)

Additional remarks: - Marshal Berthier died 8.5 months before his last daughter‘s birth. - Marshal Oudinot had 11 children and the age difference between his first and last child is around 32 years. - The age difference between marshal Grouchy‘s first and last child is around 43 years. - Marshal Lefebvre had fourteen children (12 sons, 2 daughters) but I couldn‘t find anything kind of reliable about them so they are not listed above. I am aware that two sons of him were listed in the link above. Nevertheless, I was uncertain to name them in my list because I thought that his last living son died in the Russian campaign while the website writes about the possibility of another son dying in 1817. - Marshal Augerau had no children. - Marshal Brune had apparently adopted two daughters whose names are unknown. - Marshal Pérignon: I couldn‘t find anything about his daughters, Justine, Elisabeth and Adèle, except that they died in infancy. - Marshal Sérurier had no biological children but adopted Marguerite-Félécité Desprez in 1814. - Marshal Marmont had no children. - I found out that marshal Saint-Cyr married his first cousin, lol. - I didn‘t find anything about marshal Poniatowski having children. Apparently, he wasn‘t married either (thank you, @northernmariette for the correction of this fact! c:)

[fordarkmornings]

Auguste Alexandre Hirsch (French, 1833-1912)

Gossips at the Well

[harmonyhealinghub]

The New Neighbour Shaina Tranquilino August 17, 2024

Josephine had always been drawn to the past. Old books, vintage photographs, and forgotten letters captivated her more than anything modern ever could. So when she stumbled upon a listing for a small, historic house on the outskirts of town, she knew she had to see it. The house, built in the late 1800s, had an air of quiet mystery about it, nestled among towering oaks with their leaves whispering secrets in the wind.

The moment Josephine stepped inside, she felt a connection to the place, as if the walls had been waiting for her. The wooden floors creaked beneath her feet, and the scent of aged timber filled the air. She explored every room, imagining the lives that had once unfolded within these walls. But it wasn’t until she moved a heavy bookcase in the upstairs study that she discovered something truly remarkable—a hidden door.

Her heart raced as she pried the door open, revealing a small, dimly lit room. Dust particles floated in the air, illuminated by a single ray of sunlight that pierced through a crack in the old wooden shutters. The room was nearly empty, but inside it had a small desk and a worn leather chair.

On the desk lay a stack of yellowed letters tied with a faded ribbon. Josephine hesitated for a moment, feeling as though she was intruding on something private. But her curiosity won out. She untied the ribbon and carefully unfolded the first letter.

It was dated over a century ago, written in elegant, flowing script. The letter was from a woman named Eleanor to her beloved Samuel. As Josephine read, she learned of a secret romance between the two, one filled with stolen glances and whispered promises. They had met in this very house, where Eleanor had lived with her stern, unyielding father. Samuel was a poet, a dreamer who traveled the world, but he always returned to Eleanor, his muse.

But the letters took a darker turn. Eleanor’s father had discovered their love and forbade her from seeing Samuel. The final letter was unfinished, with Eleanor writing of a plan to run away together, but the last lines trailed off, leaving their fate a mystery.

Josephine's heart ached for the lovers. She wondered if they had ever reunited, or if their love had been lost to time. The story lingered with her, filling her thoughts as she moved through the days, the house now feeling more like a companion than a mere place to live.

One evening, as Josephine stood in the small garden behind the house, she felt a presence beside her. She turned to see a young man, his face warm and familiar. He introduced himself as Leo, the new neighbour who had just moved in down the road. They struck up a conversation, and Josephine felt an instant connection, as though they had known each other for much longer.

As the weeks passed, Josephine and Leo spent more time together, sharing stories, exploring the old town, and even reading some of Samuel’s poetry that she had found tucked away in the hidden room. The more they learned about Eleanor and Samuel, the more Josephine felt her own heart beginning to open. She realized that while the past was beautiful, it was the present where life truly happened.

One crisp autumn morning, Josephine and Leo stood on the porch of the house, watching the leaves fall like golden rain. Leo turned to Josephine, his eyes full of something unspoken yet clear. “Josephine, I’ve been wanting to tell you… I feel like meeting you was meant to be. Like we were drawn here for a reason.”

Josephine smiled, her heart pounding with a mix of excitement and something she had almost forgotten—hope. “I feel the same way, Leo. It’s as if this house brought us together, just like it did for Eleanor and Samuel.”

And in that moment, surrounded by the whispers of the past and the promise of the future, Josephine knew that she was ready to embrace whatever came next. The hidden room, with its secrets of love and loss, had guided her to her own story—a story that was just beginning, full of the same passion and courage that Eleanor and Samuel had once shared.

[justcallmecel]

August 10th, 2024 - Part 94

Today's Dog: The Newfoundland Dog! Newfies are extremely affectionate and aloof. They were created for assisting fishermen in Newfoundland, Canada, and have characteristic webbed paws and are double coated. This makes them very good swimmers, and they have a history of water-rescue dating back over two hundred years. When they were initially created they were likely much smaller before being bred with foreign mastiffs. Black-and-white Newfies are sometimes called Landseers after Sir Edwin Henry Landseer who painted them quite often. In the 1800s, only Landseer and black Newfies were considered “true” dogs of the breed, nowadays you can see grey or brown ones fairly often. Most of them are still black, though!

Today's Monkee: Lady of the Valley! This track is from Loose Salute (1970), Mike’s second solo album. It was written and produced by him, and naturally he sings lead. It was created with the First National Band. Lady of the Valley is a rolling track, it’s very enchanting. If you haven’t heard it I really recommend!

[quodo-wip-event]

Quo-do the Thing! - Check-in #2 (July 1-7)

Hi everyone, it's time for our second (July) check-in! This check-in is optional, although if you need external accountability in order to make progress with your projects, then please consider it as mandatory!

📋 Check-in form 📋

The check-in form is open from now until the end of July 7th (whenever that is for you). Also, sign-ups are still open if you have not joined the event yet! The AO3 collection is also open for posting, if you have already finished a work that fits this event.

Our next and final check-in will be in August, and it will be a check-in to allow people to commit to having something to post by a certain day (or to pick a day to advertise a work that they have already posted).

Helpful links: Sign-up form | AO3 collection | Event info

Below the cut is a reminder of what you said you'd like to have done by July, for those who have signed up. If you marked that you are using Tumblr to follow this event, I have @'ed you -- I hope it's okay.

chacusha:

Quodo UCII: Goal: If I didn't finish in June, I would like to finish here.

colorcoded:

Smutty Quodo art: Goal: The whole thing :X

@mossmx:

QuodoCook: Goal: lineart and flats

neptuneflytrap

Go the Eff to Sleep: (No July check-in goals written)

@rulesofacquisition:

Doctor Odo and the No Good Very Bad Physical: Goal: 1800 words

Weaver:

Earring: Goal: Maybe 2 chapters

@yvanka:

Anniversary date: (No July check-in goals written.)

Quark bi bi bi vid: Goal: Cropping footage, puting it roughly in order

Feel free to check in using the form or by replying to/reblogging this post or just wherever works for you. If you haven't gotten started or you're not quite where you wanted to be, feel free to get a little work in before checking in!

[astrophysicist-guitar-god]

Oldest family photo ever taken at Stonehenge found in Brian May’s collection (x)

The oldest family photograph ever taken at Stonehenge has been dated back to the mid 1800s – after being found in a rock star’s collection.

Queen guitarist Brian May branded the image ‘fantastic’ ahead of it being displayed at a new exhibition for the Wiltshire landmark.

The 3D stereoview shot was taken by photographer Henry Brooks during the 1860s and shows his family enjoying a day out at the historic landmark, according to English Heritage.

The grainy black and white picture appears to show a women and a girl sat on a rock, with two men standing with their backs to the camera in the background, in front of the iconic stones.

There is also a shot of Mr May standing in the same spot years later.

The first image will be displayed at the neolithic monument to the soundtrack of Mr May playing Queen song Who Wants To Live Forever on the piano.

The guitarist said: ‘I’ve been fascinated by stereo cards since I was a boy and got one in a cereal packet!

‘This is a fantastic early example and exciting because it’s one of the oldest family snaps taken at Stonehenge.

‘It feels even more evocative when set to music – a bit like a silent movie and we thought it would be great fun to recreate the image as a stereo view at Stonehenge and breathe new life into an old photo.’

English Heritage said there was a long tradition of family photos being taken at the site but this image had a ‘further dimension’ than many similar shots.

Susan Greaney, a historian for the organisation, explained: ‘We’re so excited to have Brian May involved with our exhibition at Stonehenge.

‘The stones play such an important role in our collective memory and this can be seen so clearly in the long tradition of family and group photos taken at the stones and on display in the Your Stonehenge exhibition.

‘These sorts of Victorian 3D images have a real vividness and depth in themselves, and this one provides a further dimension still because we know who took it.’

Mr May’s photo will be displayed as part of the Your Stonehenge exhibition which will run until August 31, 2022.