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zayaanhashistory · 2 years

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The 1992 Los Angeles Riots

The 1992 Los Angeles riots—also called the Los Angeles uprising—sprung from years of rising tensions between the LAPD and the city’s African Americans, highlighted by the 1991 videotaped beating of motorist Rodney King. On April 29, 1992, anger boiled over after four LAPD officers were found not guilty of assaulting King, leading to several days of widespread violence, looting and arson throughout L.A. By May 3, thousands of National Guardsmen and federal troops had largely curbed the uprising, which left more than 60 people dead and produced about $1 billion in damage.

The 1980s brought rising unemployment, gang activity, drugs and violent crime to the poorer neighborhoods of Los Angeles. Aggressive efforts to exert control by the Los Angeles Police Department fostered a belief among minority communities that its officers were not held liable for abusive police actions. In August 1988, as part of LAPD Chief Daryl Gates’s “Operation Hammer” drug sweeps, more than 80 officers tore apart a pair of apartment buildings on Dalton Street in South L.A., leaving dozens homeless. In January 1990, a skirmish between the LAPD and Nation of Islam members following a traffic stop resulted in the death of 27-year-old Air Force veteran Oliver Beasley.

Early on March 3, 1991, an intoxicated parolee named Rodney King led police on a high-speed car chase before stopping in Lakeview Terrace. His subsequent beating, which left him with a fractured skull and cheekbone, was caught on video by Lakeview resident George Holliday, who forwarded it to local station KTLA. Within days, the footage of police repeatedly hitting a Black man with batons was airing on all major networks, drumming up nationwide outrage against the officers involved. On March 15, LAPD Sergeant Stacey Koon and officers Laurence Powell, Timothy Wind and Theodore Briseno were indicted for assault in the King beating, with Koon and Powell also charged with filing false police reports. The African American community endured another blow the following day, when 15-year-old Latasha Harlin's was shot and killed by Korean grocer Soon Ja Du over a disputed shoplifting. Shortly afterward, L.A. Mayor Tom Bradley formed the independent Christopher Commission, named for co-chair Warren Christopher, to investigate operations within the LAPD. In July, the commission published a report that detailed repetitive use of excessive force and recommended a new system of accountability, though Gates staunchly defended his practices. On November 15, Du drew a sentence that included community service and suspended jail time, a decision that outraged Harlin family and supporters. Eleven days later, it was announced the trial for the four officers in the King beating would be moved from Los Angeles County to predominantly white Ventura County. In February 1992, the trial commenced with a 12-member jury that included one Latino, one Asian American and one half-African American.

At about 3:15 p.m. on Wednesday, April 29, the jury released their verdict: All four officers were acquitted of charges in the King case, save for a mistrial on one charge against Powell of excessive force. The response was immediate, as protesters took to the streets. Hundreds of people gathered at the Los Angeles County Courthouse to protest the verdict. By 5:30 p.m., the unrest had grown violent near the intersection of Florence and Normandie Avenues in South L.A., where locals attacked passing motorists and forced overwhelmed LAPD officers to retreat. A news helicopter captured footage of white truck driver Reginald Denny being pulled from his rig and beaten nearly to death, with no signs of police assistance. Minutes later, a Latino driver named Fidel Lopez endured a similar attack.

In a matter of hours, neighborhoods across South and Central Los Angeles were in flames as rioters firebombed thousands of buildings, smashed windows, looted stores and attacked the Parker Center police headquarters in downtown L.A. By the end of the day, California Governor Pete Wilson had declared a state of emergency and ordered the activation of reserve National Guard soldiers. The citywide unrest showed little signs of abating on April 30, prompting the suspension of rapid transit, mail service, schools and professional sports games. Many businesses closed, leaving residents to wait in long lines for food and gas, while other store owners, like bands of armed Korean merchants, chose to engage the looters. Although some 2,000 National Guardsmen had reached the city by 8:00 that morning, a lack of proper communication and equipment prevented effective deployment until later in the afternoon. May 1, the third day of continued rioting, was marked by the televised appearance of King, who asked for the mayhem to stop, quietly pleading, “Can we all get along?” That evening, President George H.W. Bush also took to the airwaves to denounce both the “senseless deaths” of the riots and the police brutality that inspired them, and to announce the dispatch of thousands of federal officers to Los Angeles.

By May 2, with 6,000 National Guardsmen bolstered by the addition of another 4,000 federal troops and Marines, the disorder had largely quelled. An estimated 30,000 people marched at a peaceful rally for Korean merchants, and volunteers began cleaning up the streets. Meanwhile, arraignments began for some 6,000 alleged looters and arsonists. Highway exits reopened and police began recovering stolen merchandise the following day, the only significant trouble coming when National Guardsmen shot a driver who attempted to run them over. On May 4, Mayor Bradley lifted the citywide curfew, and residents attempted to resume day-to-day activities with schools, businesses and rapid transit resuming operations. Federal troops stood down on May 9 and the National Guard soon followed, though some soldiers remained until the end of the month.

The final tally for the L.A. riots included 2,000 injuries, 12,000 arrests and 63 deaths attributed to the uprising. Upwards of 3,000 buildings were burned or destroyed and 3,000 businesses were affected as part of the $1 billion in damages sustained by the city, leaving an estimated 20,000 to 40,000 people out of work. At the conclusion of the riots, elected officials set about putting the city back together through a combination of federal grants, collaborations with financial institutions and tax proposals. Governor Wilson and Mayor Bradley tapped Major League Baseball Commissioner Peter Ueberroth to lead the “Rebuild L.A.” effort, which attracted nearly $400 million in corporate investments and set in motion a series of grassroots movements to foster job training and community involvement.

Attention was also focused on the culpability of the city’s law enforcement. On May 11, former FBI Director William H. Webster was named to head an investigation into the LAPD response during the riots, and in late June embattled Chief Daryl Gates stepped down. In October, the commission issued a report that criticized both the LAPD and City Hall for being unprepared and slow to handle the response to the riots. It issued a list of recommendations, including redeploying desk officers into community patrols and upgrading the city’s communications and information systems. Critics of the LAPD earned some vindication in 1993 when officers Koon and Powell were sentenced to 30 months apiece for violating King’s civil rights. In April 1994, King was awarded $3.8 million in a civil lawsuit against the city. Although the LAPD demonstrated improvements with community-based programs, it resisted implementing most of the recommendations of the 1991 Christopher Commission. It wasn’t until the Rampart Scandal of the late 1990s, which exposed widespread corruption within an LAPD anti-gang unit, that serious change was enacted.

In 2000, the city of Los Angeles entered a consent decree with the U.S. Department of Justice that allowed an independent monitor to oversee reforms. After taking over as LAPD chief in 2002, William Bratton was credited with taking steps to overhaul and improve the perception of the department. In 2013, Department of Justice oversight of the LAPD was fully lifted. However, a 2020 report by the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights found that thousands of non-traffic infractions issued by police in California were being disproportionately enforced on Black and Latino residents.

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palmviewfm · 1 month

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Former member wanting to come back! Mw female fcs and counterparts?

of course, friend ! we answered a mwf post a couple of days ago that i can link you to right here ! as for counterparts i put some ideas for them under the cut for you since the list had gotten a tad bit on the longer side. feel free to send in another message if you'd like some more ideas !

spencer hastings, emily fields, aria montgomery, mona vanderwaal, alison dilaurentis, allie hamilton, jo march, haley james scott, rachel gatina, quinn james, mia thermopolis, samantha baker, holly golightly, diane chambers, rebecca howe, marissa cooper, taylor townsend, anna stern, alice cullen, rosalie hale, esme cullen, hermione granger, luna lovegood, ginny weasley, molly weasley, amanda clarke, emily thorne, nancy drew, dorothy gale, meredith grey, donna sheridan, sophie sheridan, libby chessler, sabrina spellman, claire standish, haley dunphy, sarah cameron, kiara carerra, cleo anderson, allison reynolds, sloane peterson, kelly kapowski, jessie spano, lisa turtle, marcia brady, jan brady, dj tanner, stephanie tanner, kimmy gibbler, sandy olson, betty rizzo, frenchy, olivia pope, selina kyle, gwen stacy, mary jane watson, pam beesly, kelly kapoor, poison ivy, monica geller, susan bunch, carol willick, janice litman goralnik, amy green, jill green, lorelai gilmore, paris gellar, lane kim, carrie bradshaw, charlotte york, miranda hobbs, donna martin, valerie malone, brenda walsh, kelly taylor, imogen adams, noa olivar, mouse honorada, faran bryant, tabby hawthorne, kelly beasley, elena gilbert, katherine pierce, caroline forbes, bonnie bennett, layla keating, olivia baker, veronica mars, lana lang, lois lane, chloe sullivan, sookie st james, leighton murray, gretchen weiners, regina george, karen smith, cady heron, samantha montgomery, buffy summers, willow rosenberg, faith lehane, cordelia chase, emma swan, serena van der woodsen, blair waldorg, georgina sparks, vanessa abrams, betty cooper, veronica lodge, cheryl blossom, midge klump, josie mccoy, katy keene, tabitha tate, ethel muggs, toni topaz, polly cooper, vivian ward, kim possible, prue halliwell, phoebe halliwell, piper halliwell and paige matthews.

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xtruss · 6 months

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Why Did More Than 1,000 People Die After Police Subdued Them With Force That Isn’t Meant To Kill?

— In Partnership With: Associated Press (AP)

— March 28, 2024 | Frontline | NOBA — PBS

This combination of photos shows, top row from left, Anthony Timpa, Austin Hunter Turner, Carl Grant, Damien Alvarado, Delbert McNiel and Demetrio Jackson; second row from left, Drew Edwards, Evan Terhune, Giovani Berne, Glenn Ybanez, Ivan Gutzalenko and Mario Clark; bottom row from left, Michael Guillory, Robbin McNeely, Seth Lucas, Steven Bradley Beasley, Taylor Ware and Terrell "Al" Clark. Each died after separate encounters with police in which officers used force that is not supposed to be deadly. (AP Photo)

Carl Grant, a Vietnam veteran with dementia, wandered out of a hospital room to charge a cellphone he imagined he had. When he wouldn’t sit still, the police officer escorting Grant body-slammed him, ricocheting the patient’s head off the floor.

Taylor Ware, a former Marine and aspiring college student, walked the grassy grounds of an interstate rest stop trying to shake the voices in his head. After Ware ran from an officer, he was attacked by a police dog, jolted by a stun gun, pinned on the ground and injected with a sedative.

And Donald Ivy Jr., a former three-sport athlete, left an ATM alone one night when officers sized him up as suspicious and tried to detain him. Ivy took off, and police tackled and shocked him with a stun gun, belted him with batons and held him facedown.

Each man was unarmed. Each was not a threat to public safety. And despite that, each died after police used a kind of force that is not supposed to be deadly — and can be much easier to hide than the blast of an officer’s gun.

Every day, police rely on common tactics that, unlike guns, are meant to stop people without killing them, such as physical holds, Tasers and body blows. But when misused, these tactics can still end in death — as happened with George Floyd in 2020, sparking a national reckoning over policing. And while that encounter was caught on video, capturing Floyd’s last words of “I can’t breathe,” many others throughout the United States have escaped notice.

Over a decade, more than 1,000 people died after police subdued them through means not intended to be lethal, an investigation led by The Associated Press found. In hundreds of cases, officers weren’t taught or didn’t follow best safety practices for physical force and weapons, creating a recipe for death.

This story is part of an ongoing investigation led by The Associated Press in collaboration with the Howard Center for Investigative Journalism programs and FRONTLINE (PBS). The investigation includes the Lethal Restraint interactive story, database and the documentary, Documenting Police Use Of Force, premiering April 30 on PBS.

These sorts of deadly encounters happened just about everywhere, according to an analysis of a database AP created. Big cities, suburbs and rural America. Red states and blue states. Restaurants, assisted-living centers and, most commonly, in or near the homes of those who died. The deceased came from all walks of life — a poet, a nurse, a saxophone player in a mariachi band, a truck driver, a sales director, a rodeo clown and even a few off-duty law enforcement officers.

Explore: Lethal Restraint

The toll, however, disproportionately fell on Black Americans like Grant and Ivy. Black people made up a third of those who died despite representing only 12% of the U.S. population. Others feeling the brunt were impaired by a medical, mental health or drug emergency, a group particularly susceptible to force even when lightly applied.

“We were robbed,” said Carl Grant’s sister, Kathy Jenkins, whose anger has not subsided four years later. “It’s like somebody went in your house and just took something, and you were violated.”

AP’s three-year investigation was done in collaboration with the Howard Center for Investigative Journalism programs at the University of Maryland and Arizona State University, and FRONTLINE (PBS). The AP and its partners focused on local police, sheriff’s deputies and other officers patrolling the streets or responding to dispatch calls. Reporters filed nearly 7,000 requests for government documents and body-camera footage, receiving more than 700 autopsy reports or death certificates, and uncovering video in at least four dozen cases that has never been published or widely distributed.

Medical officials cited law enforcement as causing or contributing to about half of the deaths. In many others, significant police force went unmentioned and drugs or preexisting health conditions were blamed instead.

Video in a few dozen cases showed some officers mocked people as they died, laughing or making comments such as “sweaty little hog,” “screaming like a little girl” and “lazy f—.” In other cases, officers expressed clear concern for the people they were subduing.

The federal government has struggled for years to count deaths following what police call “less-lethal force,” and the little information it collects is often kept from the public and highly incomplete at best. No more than a third of the cases the AP identified are listed in federal mortality data as involving law enforcement at all.

When force came, it could be sudden and extreme, the AP investigation found. Other times, the force was minimal, and yet the people nevertheless died, sometimes from a drug overdose or a combination of factors.

In about 30% of the cases, police were intervening to stop people who were injuring others or who posed a threat of danger. But roughly 25% of those who died were not harming anyone or, at most, were committing low-level infractions or causing minor disturbances, AP’s review of cases shows. The rest involved other nonviolent situations with people who, police said, were trying to resist arrest or flee.

A Texas man loitering outside a convenience store who resisted going to jail was shocked up to 11 times with a Taser and restrained facedown for nearly 22 minutes — more than twice as long as George Floyd, previously unreported video shows. After a California man turned silent during questioning, he was grabbed, dogpiled by seven officers, shocked five times with a Taser, wrapped in a restraint contraption and injected with a sedative by a medic despite complaining “I can’t breathe.” And a Michigan teen was speeding an all-terrain vehicle down a city street when a state trooper sent volts of excruciating electricity from a Taser through him, and he crashed.

In hundreds of cases, officers repeated errors that experts and trainers have spent years trying to eliminate — perhaps none more prevalent than how they held someone facedown in what is known as prone restraint.

Many policing experts agree that someone can stop breathing if pinned on their chest for too long or with too much weight, and the Department of Justice has issued warnings to that effect since 1995. But with no standard national rules, what police are taught is often left to the states and individual departments. In dozens of cases, officers disregarded people who told them they were struggling for air or even about to die, often uttering the words, “I can’t breathe.”

What followed deadly encounters revealed how the broader justice system frequently works to shield police from scrutiny, often leaving families to grieve without knowing what really happened.

Officers were usually cleared by their departments in internal investigations. Some had a history of violence and a few were involved in multiple restraint deaths. Local and state authorities that investigate deaths also withheld information and in some cases omitted potentially damaging details from reports.

One of the last hopes for accountability from inside the system — what are known as death opinions — also often exonerated officers. The medical examiners and coroners who decide on these did not link hundreds of the deaths to force, but instead to accidents, drug use or preexisting health problems, sometimes relying on debunked science or incomplete studies from sources tied to law enforcement.

Even when these deaths receive the homicide label that fatal police shootings often get, prosecutors rarely pursue officers. Charging police is politically sensitive and can be legally fraught, and the AP investigation identified just 28 deaths that led to such charges. Finding accountability through civil courts was also tough for families, but at least 168 cases ended in settlements or jury verdicts totaling about $374 million.

The known fatalities still averaged just two a week — a tiny fraction of the total contacts police have with the population. Police leaders, officers and experts say law enforcement shouldn’t bear all the blame. As the social safety net frays, people under mental distress or who use stimulant drugs like cocaine or methamphetamine are increasingly on the streets. Officers sent to handle these emergencies are often poorly trained by their departments.

If incidents turn chaotic and officers make split-second decisions to use force, “people do die,” said Peter Moskos, a professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice and former Baltimore police officer.

“The only way to get down to zero is to get rid of policing,” Moskos said, “and that’s not going to save lives either.”

But because the United States has no clear idea how many people die like this and why, holding police accountable and making meaningful reforms will remain difficult, said Dr. Roger Mitchell Jr., a leader in the push to improve tracking and one of the nation’s few Black chief medical examiners when he held the office in Washington, D.C., from 2014 to 2021.

“Any time anyone dies before their day in court, or dies in an environment where the federal government or the local government’s job is to take care of you,” he said, “it needs transparency. It cannot be in the dark of night.”

“This,” he added, “is an American problem we need to solve.”

Those Who Died

Carl Grant didn’t care much for football. So on Super Bowl Sunday in 2020, family members said, he eased into his black Kia Optima, intending to shop for groceries near his suburban Atlanta home. The 68-year-old wound up 2½ hours away, where he came face to face with police in an encounter that underscores several findings central to AP’s investigation: He was Black, he was not threatening physical harm, and a seemingly routine matter rapidly escalated.

The former Marine and trucking business owner had dementia and qualified as a disabled veteran. As he drove that evening, he became disoriented and took an interstate west to Birmingham, Alabama. There, Grant twice tried to go inside houses he thought were his.

In the family photo on the left, Carl Grant prepares to cook in the home he shared with his partner, Ronda Hernandez, in Redlands, Calif., circa 2000. The family photo on the right shows Carl Grant and his partner, Ronda Hernandez, and her children, Michael and Michelle, in a friend’s backyard in California in the mid-1990s. (Family Photo via AP; Ronda Hernandez via AP)

Both times, residents phoned 911. And both times, responding officers opted to use force.

At the first house, Grant was taken to the ground and cuffed after an officer said he’d stepped toward a partner. Even though one officer sensed he was impaired, police released Grant without asking medics to examine him — a decision a superior later faulted.

At a second house about a half-mile away, police found him sitting in a porch chair. When he didn’t follow an order to get off the porch, a different officer pushed him down the stairs, according to previously unreleased body-camera video. Grant gashed his forehead in the fall.

Officer Vincent Larry, who pushed Grant, went with him to the hospital. When Grant wouldn’t return to his exam room, Larry used an unapproved “hip toss” to lift and slam him, hospital surveillance video showed. The back of Grant’s head bounced four inches off the floor, a nurse estimated, wrecking his spinal cord in his neck.

After Grant awoke from emergency surgery, he thought his paralysis was a combat injury from the Vietnam War. “I’m so sorry this happened,” he told family, his sister recalled. He died almost six months later from the injury.

An internal investigation concluded Larry’s force at the hospital was excessive, and in a departure from many other cases AP found, his department acted: he received a 15-day suspension. He is no longer a city employee, a Birmingham spokesperson told AP. Neither Larry nor the department would comment. A judge recently cited a procedural error in dismissing a lawsuit filed by Grant’s estate, which is appealing the ruling.

“He’s almost 70 and confused,” Grant’s partner, Ronda Hernandez, said. “That’s what I don’t get. You just don’t do that to old people.”

Grant was one of 1,036 deaths from 2012 through 2021 that AP logged. That is certainly an undercount, because many departments blocked access to information. Files that others released were blacked out and video blurred, while officers routinely used vague language in their reports that glossed over force.

All but 3% of the dead were men. They tended to be in their 30s and 40s, when police might consider them more of a physical threat. The youngest was just 15, the oldest 95.

In sheer numbers, white people of non-Hispanic descent were the largest group, making up more than 40% of cases. Hispanics were just under 20% of those killed. But Black Americans were hit especially hard.

The disproportionate representation of Black people tracks research findings that they face higher rates and severity of force, and even deaths. The Department of Justice has found after multiple investigations that Black people accounted for more unjustified stops for minor offenses, illegal searches that produced no contraband, unnecessary force, or arrests without probable cause.

Researchers caution that proving — or disproving — discrimination can be hard because of a lack of information. But in some cases AP identified, officers were accused of profiling and stopping Black people based on suspicions, as happened to Donald “Dontay” Ivy Jr.

A demonstrator holds a sign in support of Donald "Dontay" Ivy during a rally outside Albany District Attorney David Soares' office in Albany, N.Y., on Monday, Aug. 10, 2015. Ivy was cooperative when police stopped him, but, they said, he wouldn’t answer how much money he had withdrawn from an ATM and denied a prior arrest. Police interpreted Ivy’s behavior as deceptive. What they didn’t grasp was that Ivy suffered from paranoid schizophrenia. After an officer touched Ivy to detain him, Ivy fled. Officers caught up and beat him with batons, shocked him several times with a Taser, put him facedown and got on top of him.

A demonstrator holds a sign in support of Donald “Dontay” Ivy Jr. during a rally outside Albany District Attorney David Soares’ office in Albany, N.Y., on Monday, Aug. 10, 2015. (Will Waldron/The Albany Times Union via AP)

Ivy was a 39-year-old resident of Albany, New York, who excelled in basketball during high school, served in the U.S. Navy and graduated college with a business degree. On a freezing night in 2015, he went to an ATM to check whether a delayed disability deposit had posted. Officers thought he seemed suspicious because he was walking with a lean and only one hand in the pocket of his “puffer” coat — indications, they thought, he might have a gun or drugs.

Ivy was cooperative when they stopped him, but, they said, he wouldn’t answer how much money he had withdrawn and denied a prior arrest. Police interpreted Ivy’s behavior as deceptive without grasping that Ivy suffered from paranoid schizophrenia. A witness recounted that Ivy seemed “slow” when he spoke.

When an officer touched Ivy to detain him — a known trigger for some with severe mental illness — police say Ivy began to resist. An officer fired a Taser, then Ivy fled. Officers caught up and beat him with batons, shocked him several more times with a Taser, put him facedown and got on top of him. By the time they rolled Ivy over, he’d stopped breathing.

The department quickly ruled that the officers acted appropriately and blamed a “medical crisis” for his death, even though it was classified a homicide. A grand jury declined to indict. However, the local prosecutor urged police to review policies for Tasers, batons and dealing with people with mental illness.

The local chapter of the New York Civil Liberties Union continued to question the stop, saying there was “strong reason to suspect” Ivy was racially profiled. After years in court, the city paid $625,000 to settle with Ivy’s estate. His cousin and close friend Chamberlain Guthrie said the way Ivy’s life ended was one of the most painful things his family had endured.

“It’d be one thing if Dontay was out here being a ruffian and he was a thug,” Guthrie said. “But he was none of that.”

When Force Goes Wrong

When people died after police subdued them, it was often because officers went too fast, too hard or for too long — many times, all of the above.

The United States has no national rules for how exactly to apply force. Instead, Supreme Court decisions set broad guard rails that weigh force as either “objectively reasonable” or “excessive,” based in part on the severity of the situation, any immediate safety threat and active resistance.

That frequently leaves states and local law enforcement to sort out the particulars in training and policies. Best practices from the government and private law enforcement organizations have tried to fill gaps, but aren’t mandatory and sometimes go ignored, as happened in hundreds of cases reviewed by AP and its partners.

Tom Ware holds photos of his son, Taylor Ware, on his phone in Kansas City, Mo., Tuesday, June 6, 2023. The aspiring college student and former Marine died after a violent encounter with police during a manic episode caused by bipolar disorder. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel)

In 2019, the mother of Taylor Ware, the former Marine with college plans, called 911 when he wouldn’t get back in their SUV during a manic episode caused by bipolar disorder. She told the dispatcher Ware would need space and urged police to wait for backup because he was a former wrestler and might be a handful — advice that tracked best practices, yet wasn’t followed.

The first officer to encounter Ware at a highway rest stop in Indiana saw the 24-year-old extending him a hand in greeting. Ware then calmly walked through a grassy field and sat down with folded legs.

The officer, an unpaid reserve marshal, assured Ware’s mother he’d had calls like this before. As she and a family friend watched, he stopped about 10 feet in front of Ware, according to video filmed by the friend and obtained by AP. His police dog barked and lunged several times — a provocation officers are told to avoid with the emotionally distressed. Ware remained seated.

After a few minutes, Ware walked toward the parking lot. There, the officer said, Ware pushed him away, a split-second act disputed by the friend. Her video shows Ware running and the officer commanding the dog to attack, setting off a cascade of force that ended with Ware in a coma. He died three days later.

In the left-hand image from video provided by a family friend, Taylor Ware, left, sits in a field approached by a police officer and canine at a highway rest stop in Dale, Ind., on August 25, 2019. In the right-hand image, Ware is restrained by law enforcement and emergency medical personnel. (Pauline Engel via AP)

A police news release said Ware had a “medical event,” an explanation that echoes how police first described George Floyd’s death. The prosecutor in Indiana declined to bring charges and praised officers for “incredible patience and restraint.” His office’s letter brushed past or left out key details: multiple dog bites, multiple stun-gun shocks, prone restraint and an injection of the powerful sedative ketamine.

In dozens of other cases identified by AP, people who died were given sedatives without consent, sometimes after officers urged paramedics to use them — a recommendation law enforcement is unqualified to make.

A coroner ruled Ware’s death was due to natural causes, specifically “excited delirium” — a term for a condition that police say causes potentially life-threatening agitation, rapid heart rate and other symptoms. Major medical groups oppose it as a diagnosis, however, and say it is frequently an attempt to justify excessive force.

“It was like that was his body’s own fault, that it wasn’t the police’s fault,” Ware’s sister, Briana Garton, said of the autopsy ruling.

Two experts who reviewed the case for the AP said police actions — such as the order for the dog to attack, the use of a Taser in the sternum and restraint facedown with handcuffs and back pressure — contributed to Ware’s death.

“This was not proper service,” said police practices expert Stan Kephart, himself a former chief. “This person should be alive today.”

As with Ware, officers resorted to force in roughly 25% of the cases even though the circumstances weren’t imminently dangerous. Many began as routine calls that other officers have, time and again, resolved safely. Those included medical emergencies phoned in by families, friends or the person who died.

By launching prematurely into force, police introduced violence and volatility, and in turn needed to use more weapons, holds or restraints to regain control — a phenomenon known as “officer-created jeopardy.” Sometimes it starts when police misread as defiance someone’s confusion, intoxication or inability to communicate due to a medical issue.

What led up to the force was sometimes unclear. In more than 100 cases, police either withheld key details or witnesses disputed the officer’s account — and body-camera footage didn’t exist to add clarity. But in about 45% of cases, officers became physical after they said someone tried to evade them or resist arrest for nonviolent circumstances. Some sprinted away with drugs, for example, or simply flailed their arms to resist handcuffs or wiggled around while held down.

Many times the way officers subdued people broke policing best practices, especially when using the go-to tools of restraining people facedown and shocking them with Tasers.

When done properly, placing someone on their stomach or shocking them is not inherently life-threatening. But there are risks: Prone restraint can compress the lungs and put stress on the heart, and Taser’s maker has issued warnings against repeated shocks or targeting the body near the heart. These risks intensify when safety protocols aren’t followed or when people with mental illness, the elderly or those on stimulant drugs are involved.

Some officers involved in fatalities testified they had been assured that prone position was never deadly, AP found, while many others were trained to roll people onto their sides to aid breathing and simply failed to do so.

“If you’re talking, you’re breathing, bro,” an officer, repeating a common myth about prone restraint, told a Florida man following 12 shocks from stun guns.

“Stomach is (an) ideal place for them to be. It’s harder for them to punch me,” testified an officer in the death of a Minnesota man found sleeping at a grocery store and restrained for more than 30 minutes.

In dozens of police or witness videos, those who died began to fade on screen, their breathing becoming shallow, as happened in suburban San Diego to 56-year-old Oral Nunis.

Nunis was having a mental break at his daughter’s apartment in 2020. He had calmed down, but then the first arriving officer grabbed his arm, a mere four seconds after making eye contact. Nunis begged to go without being handcuffed. The officer persisted. Nunis became agitated and ran outside.

At 5 feet, 5 inches tall and 146 pounds, Nunis quickly found himself pinned by several officers — each at least 80 pounds heavier than him. Although his body turned still, they kept pressing, wrapped him in a full-body restraint device and put a spit mask on him. From just 10 feet away, his daughter tried to console him in his final minutes: “Daddy, just breathe.”

In the left-hand image from Chula Vista Police Department body-camera video, an officer approaches Oral Nunis, 56, with handcuffs. In the right-hand image, officers restrain Nunis after he ran out of his daughter’s California apartment in 2020. (Chula Vista Police Department via AP)

The district attorney’s office later cleared the police, calling their force reasonable because Nunis had posed “unnaturally strong resistance” for his size.

As part of the family’s lawsuit, two pathologists concluded that the restraint officers used led to his death. One officer was asked under oath if pressure on someone’s back could impair breathing. “I have had several bodies on top of me during different training scenarios,” the 6-foot, 265-pound officer said, “and I never had difficulty breathing.”

The use of Tasers can be similarly misinformed. An officer shocked Stanley Downen, 77, a former ironworker with Alzheimer’s disease who served during the Korean War, as he wandered the grounds of his veterans’ home in Columbia Falls, Montana. The electricity locked up his body and made him fall without control of his limbs. He hit his head on the pavement and later died.

The officer said under oath that he hadn’t read any warnings, including those from Taser manufacturer Axon Enterprise Inc., about the risks of shocking the elderly or people who could be injured if they fell. He testified that Downen was “armed with rocks,” but a witness told police Downen never raised his hands to throw them. The police chief cleared the officer, though a police expert hired by the family found he failed to follow accepted practices.

In about 30% of deaths that AP logged, civilians and officers faced potential or clear danger, extenuating circumstances that meant police didn’t always follow best practices. In about 170 of those cases, officers said a person charged, swung or lunged at them, or police arrived to find people holding someone down after a fight. In the other roughly 110 cases, police were trying to stop violent attacks against others, including officers.

There was a Kansas man who used his elderly mother as a shield when deputies arrived. And there was a 41-year-old concrete mason in Minnesota who choked and punched his adult daughter before grabbing an officer by the throat and pushing her into a window.

In one of the most violent encounters, three officers in Cohasset, Massachusetts, confronted Erich Stelzer, a 6-foot-6-inch bodybuilder who was stabbing his date so viciously that the walls were red with her blood.

In this photo provided by the Cohasset Police Department, Maegan Ball, second right, stands with, from left, Officer Aaron Bates, Officer Alexander Stotik, and Detective Lt. Gregory Lennon in Cohasset, Mass., on Dec. 27, 2019. (Cohasset Police Department via AP)

Rather than fire their pistols that night in 2018, two of the officers used their Tasers and managed to handcuff Stelzer, 25, as he thrashed on the floor. Stelzer stopped breathing, and the officers could not revive him. The local prosecutor determined they had handled the situation appropriately and would have been justified in shooting Stelzer because he presented a lethal threat.

While the officers were relieved to have saved the woman’s life, they also wrestled with killing a man despite doing their best to avoid it.

“As the time went by after the incident, you know, it wasn’t lost on me that he was someone’s son, someone’s brother,” Detective Lt. Gregory Lennon said. “And I’m sorry that he died. You know, it wasn’t our intention.”

Lack of Accountability

Understanding how and why people die after force can be difficult. Information is often scarce or government at all levels won’t share what it has.

In 2000, Congress started trying to get the Justice Department to track deaths involving law enforcement. The department has acknowledged its data is incomplete, blames spotty reporting from police departments, and does not make whatever information exists publicly available.

Mortality data maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also has gaps. The AP found that when a death certificate does not list words like “police” and “law enforcement,” the CDC’s language-reading software doesn’t label the death as involving “legal intervention.” This means the death data flagged police involvement in, at most, 34% of the more than 1,000 deaths the investigation identified.

Among the mislabeled deaths is that of Daniel Prude, a 41-year-old Black man. He died in 2020 while restrained and covered with a spit hood in Rochester, New York. The high-profile incident was caught on video, but while his death certificate noted “physical restraint,” it made no direct mention of police.

The CDC recognizes the data undercounts police-involved deaths, but says it wasn’t primarily intended to flag them. Staff lack the time or resources to corroborate death certificate details, officials said.

In 2017, leading pathologists recommended adding a checkbox to the U.S. standard death certificate to identify deaths involving law enforcement — as is already done with tobacco use and pregnancy. They argued better data could help inform better practices and prevent deaths. However, the proposal hasn’t gained traction.

“This is a long-standing, not-very-secret secret about the problem here: We know very little,” said Georgetown University law professor Christy Lopez, who until 2017 led the Justice Department office that investigates law enforcement agencies over excessive force.

Meanwhile, laws in states like Pennsylvania, Alabama and Delaware block the release of most, if not all, information. And in other places, such as Iowa, departments can choose what they wish to release, even to family members like Sandra Jones.

Jones’ husband, Brian Hays, 56, had battled an addiction to painkillers since injuring his shoulder at a factory job. She last saw him alive one September night in 2015 after he called 911 because his mental health and methamphetamine use was making him delusional. Officers who arrived at their home in Muscatine, Iowa, ordered her to leave.

The next morning, a hospital contacted Jones to say Hays was there. As Hays was on life support, doctors told her that he had several Taser marks on his body and scrapes on his face and knees, she recalled. Neighbors also said they had seen Hays run out of the house, clad only in boxer shorts, and make it around the corner before officers caught him.

When Jones set out to unravel what happened, she said, police wouldn’t hand over their reports. A detective later told her officers had shocked Hays and tied his feet before he went into cardiac arrest. She couldn’t glean why that much force was necessary.

In time, Jones managed to get the autopsy report from the medical examiner’s office, confirming the force and a struggle. But an attorney told her winning a lawsuit to pry out more information was unlikely. Hays’ death didn’t even make the local news.

“All I know is, something terrible happened that night,” she said. “I have pictured him laying on that cement road more times than I can tell you. I picture him there, struggling to breathe.”

This Is How Reporters Documented 1,000 Deaths After Police Force That Isn’t Supposed To Be Fatal! Some of the documents obtained during the Lethal Restraint investigation by The Associated Press in collaboration with the Howard Centers for Investigative Journalism and FRONTLINE (PBS) are photographed in New York on Wednesday, March 27, 2024. (AP Photo/Patrick Sison)

— Reese Dunklin, Investigative Reporter, The Associated Press

— Ryan J. Foley, Reporter, The Associated Press

— Jeff Martin, Breaking News Reporter, The Associated Press

— Jennifer McDermott, Reporter, The Associated Press

— Holbrook Mohr, National Investigative Reporter, The Associated Press

— John Seewer, Reporter, The Associated Press

#Frontline #NOVA | PBS #Police Brutality #Use of Prohibited 🚫 Excessive Force #Associated Press (AP)

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bongaboi · 2 years

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Tennessee: 2022 Orange Bowl Champions

MIAMI GARDENS, Fla. — The sixth-ranked Tennessee Volunteers emphatically punctuated a memorable 2022 campaign on Friday night with a New Year's Six bowl victory, taking down No. 7 Clemson 31-14 in the Capital One Orange Bowl at Hard Rock Stadium.

In his second year at the helm of Tennessee football, head coach Josh Heupel guided the Vols (11-2) to their first 11-win season since 2001. Friday's result marked Tennessee's first victory in a "New Year's Six" bowl game (2014-pres.) and first win in the Orange Bowl since defeating Oklahoma in 1939.

Playing 80 miles from his hometown of Pahokee, Florida, quarterback Joe Milton III shined under the bright lights in his fourth start for the Vols. The redshirt senior completed 19-of-28 passes for 251 yards and a career-high tying three touchdowns with no interceptions, and he was named the 2022 Capital One Orange Bowl Most Valuable Player.

Sophomore running back Jaylen Wright led the Vols in the ground game with a game-high 89 yards on 11 carries, while junior Jabari Small toted 13 rushes for 38 yards and his 13th touchdown of the season. The Volunteer receiving corps was paced by freshman slot receiver Squirrel White who cracked the century mark for the second time this season, finishing with a season-high nine catches for 108 yards and a touchdown.

Tennessee's defense reigned supreme in the battle between top-10 squads, and the Vols were led by senior linebacker Aaron Beasley. The Franklin, Georgia, native feasted with a game-high 12 tackles, career-high four tackles for loss and two sacks along with one pass breakup. Redshirt senior linebacker Solon Page III ended his career with a career-best effort, logging 10 tackles to rank second on the team.

The UT secondary got the job done on the back end, with junior defensive backs Tamarion McDonald and Wesley Walker posting one interception each and Doneiko Slaughter logging a career-high three pass breakups.

Tennessee grabbed momentum early after forcing a turnover on downs in the first quarter, halting Clemson's nine-play, 53-yard drive when redshirt junior cornerback Kamal Hadden and Page combined for a stop on a fake field goal rush. The duo stuffed holder Drew Swinney for a two-yard gain on fourth-and-4 to set up a scoring drive for the Big Orange.

Milton orchestrated an 11-play, 75-yard touchdown series off the turnover, culminating with a 16-yard scoring strike to redshirt junior wideout Bru McCoy who made a strong, two-handed grab on contact in the back of the end zone. Redshirt senior Chase McGrath knocked through his 67th PAT of the year, breaking his own school record from last season to give the Vols a 7-0 edge with 5:17 left in the opening stanza.

The Tigers (11-3) had three chances at points early in the first half but were unable to capitalize after three consecutive missed field goals by senior placekicker B.T. Potter. His 55-yard attempt with 3:05 remaining in the first quarter fell harmlessly wide right and short of the goal post before a 49-yard try with 14:08 left in the second quarter was also pushed wide right. His third kick came from 42 yards and sailed just left of the goal posts, keeping Tennessee's seven-point lead intact with 10:15 to go in the half.

Tennessee quickly doubled its lead after the third kicking miscue, using 1:12 of game clock for a five-play, 75-yard touchdown drive to go ahead by 14 with 9:03 left in the second period. Milton completed four-straight passes on the drive, including a 50-yard deep ball to White that set up junior running back Jabari Small's two-yard scoring plunge.

Small improved his season total to 13 rushing touchdowns, moving into a tie for sixth in UT single-season history. His 13 scores on the ground are the most by a Vol since Montario Hardesty also had a baker's dozen in 2009.

Potter got Clemson on the board with 5:11 left in the first half, hooking his fourth field goal try of the night from 31 yards just inside the left post. Neither side scored for the rest of the period, and the Vols headed to the halftime locker room with a 14-3 lead over the Tigers.

After receiving the kickoff out of halftime, the Tigers doubled their point total when Potter's 40-yard field goal sailed between the uprights with 10:57 remaining in the third quarter. The kick capped a methodical, 10-play, 45-yard drive for Clemson to cut its deficit to eight points, 14-6.

Tennessee's offense stalled on the next two drives before Clemson marched into Volunteer territory. The Big Orange defense held up once again when linebackers Beasley and Juwan Mitchell stopped Tiger running back Will Shipley on fourth-and-2 to force the game's second turnover on downs with 1:27 left in the third.

The UT offense responded with another quick touchdown series, going 70 yards in four plays in 1:22 of game time. Wright broke off runs of nine, 42 and five yards before Milton's second touchdown toss found White in the middle of the checkerboard-painted endzone. The 14-yard throw vaulted Tennessee's lead to 21-6 with five seconds remaining in the third.

Clemson quickly narrowed the deficit with its first touchdown of the night when quarterback Cade Klubnik ran four yards into the endzone on a read option—capping a 12-play, 71-yard drive for the Tigers. Shipley broke through the middle on the two-point conversion to make it a 21-14 Tennessee lead with 10:01 left in regulation.

Milton put the game on ice midway through the fourth quarter on the ensuing drive, connecting with Keyton on a wide open deep ball down the right sideline for a 46-yard touchdown that put Tennessee ahead by two touchdowns. McGrath's program record 70th made PAT doubled up the Vols over the Tigers, 28-14, with 8:34 left in the contest.

Tennessee's attacking, staggering defense posted the game's first takeaway on Clemson's next drive to all but seal the win as junior defensive back Tamarion McDonald leaped in the air and nabbed his third career interception. McGrath put the finishing touches on the victory, knocking his final career field goal attempt from 32 yards between the uprights for the final score, 31-14.

Clemson threatened a late touchdown when Klubnik heaved his 54th pass attempt into the endzone, but redshirt junior Wesley Walker grabbed his first career interception to leave no doubt. Three Milton kneel downs ended the game and the Vols hoisted the Orange Bowl trophy for the first time in 83 years.

The Vols finished the 2022 campaign breaking several single season records, including total points (599), points per game (46.1), total offense (6,832), yards per game (525.5) and passing touchdowns (38) while tying the record for rushing touchdowns (40).

#2022 #tennessee volunteers #bowl season #new year's six #college football #orange bowl

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chrancecriber · 2 years

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Radio NET Bulgaria (November 20, 2022)

23:57 MARCIN NOWAKOWSKI - Wake up! 23:52 DAVE KOZ - Only Tomorrow Knows 23:48 GARY MEGGS - A Joyous World 23:43 PETER WHITE - Never Gonna Give You Up 23:38 JODY MAYFIELD - Summer Rain (feat. Michael Tarpley) 23:34 AL DEGREGORIS - Into the Sun 23:30 ROB TARDIK - B Positive (feat. Dave Koz) 23:26 QUINTIN GERARD W. - Air Beneath Your Wings 23:21 MARK MAXWELL - Winter Wonderland 23:17 EUGE GROOVE - Vinyl 23:12 JOY RIDE - Fly By 23:08 VANN BURCHFIELD - You Can Do It 23:04 WALTER BEASLEY - Lovely Day 23:00 WARREN HILL - Skinny Dippin' 22:59 JOYCE COOLING - Coasting 22:55 WILL SUMNER - Jolon Road 22:51 KIM WATERS - In The Fast Lane 22:46 BRAD ALEXANDER - Just Between Us (feat. Donald Hayes) 22:42 PAOLO RUSTICHELLI - Mondorama 22:39 BRIAN CULBERTSON - Deck The Halls 22:35 PATRICK YANDALL - Last Flight Home 22:31 THREESTYLE - Desert Moon 22:27 KIM SCOTT - Back Together Again 22:22 JEFF KASHIWA - 3 22:18 ZOLBERT - Find the Light 22:14 SHARMOND SMITH - Hark The Herald Angels Sing 22:10 TONY SAUNDERS - All Alone 22:06 WAYMAN TISDALE - Conversation Piece (feat. Bob James) 22:02 TERENCE YOUNG - Dance with Her 21:57 JACKIEM JOYNER - J Street 21:54 RICK BRAUN - Love Will Find a Way 21:50 ART FOUR SALE - Feliz Navidad 21:48 MARCUS ANDERSON - Psalm 42 21:43 DREW DAVIDSEN - I Can't Help It (feat. Bobby Lyle) 21:37 PETER WHITE - Good Day 21:33 THE SMOOTH JAZZ ALLEY - EBF 21:28 BLAKE AARON - Sunday Strut (feat. Najee) 21:25 TONY CRADDOCK JR. - Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow! 21:21 DARRON COOKIE - Your Smile 21:17 RONNY SMITH - Smooth 21:12 NELSON RANGELL - Welcome Home 21:07 GREGG KARUKAS - Show Me The Way 21:03 MARK JAIMES - Trigger Happy 20:59 CAROL NETHEN - Pat a Pan 20:56 CHRIS STANDRING - Change The World 20:51 JIM ADKINS - Time With You 20:48 DANIEL DOMENGE - Latin Flavours 20:43 NAJEE - Bottom To The Top 20:40 DEE BROWN - Smooth Talk 20:37 ARIEL B - Candy Cane Love 20:33 RICHARD ELLIOT - Authentic Life 20:28 REZA KHAN - Clear Skies 20:24 BLAIR BRYANT - Sapphire Rain 20:20 DEON YATES - When We Meet Again 20:15 RHYTHM LOGIC - Call Me Tonight 20:11 NEAL DAVIS - Golden Bells 20:07 JONATHAN FRITZEN - Electric 20:03 RYAN LA VALETTE - AMG Power 19:58 THE SAX PACK - Like Old Times 19:53 KAYLA WATERS - Heaven Said (vocal) 19:47 DEE LUCAS - The Grady Curve 19:43 MICHAEL LINGTON - Winter Wonderland, Let It Snow 19:38 KEN NAVARRO - I'll Tell You What 19:34 NILS - Play It 19:29 PETER WHITE - Long Ride Home 19:24 ART RUPRECHT - Wine and Dine 19:20 NORMAN BROWN - Wes Side Story 19:17 KEB' MO' - Moonlight, Mistletoe & You 19:13 RAINFOREST BAND - God's Nature 19:08 AL GOMEZ - Groovetimez 19:03 NICHOLAS COLE - Let's Take a Ride 19:00 PAUL BROWN - Love You Found Me 18:55 ROBERT HARRIS - Cool Breeze 18:51 COOL SPRING JAZZ QUARTET - The First Noel 18:47 DARREN MOTAMEDY - You're Incredible 18:43 NICK COLIONNE - On the Move 18:39 BRANDON WILLIS - Seduction 18:35 PAUL HARDCASTLE - Domino Effect 18:31 VINCENT INGALA - Vintage Vibe 18:28 DIRK K - Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas 18:24 RANDY SCOTT - Jade Mountain 18:19 OLI SILK - New Bounce 18:15 PIECES OF A DREAM - Ear Candy 18:11 DEAN JAMES - Neon Skies 18:07 MEKIEL REUBEN - No Where Love 18:01 JUSTIN YOUNG - Silver Bells 17:58 CAROL ALBERT - Fly Away Butterfly 17:53 DARRYL WILLIAMS - How Long Has It Been (feat. Jeff Lorber & Marcus Anderson) 17:49 FUNKTASTIC PLAYERS - Feeling Happy 17:45 RICK HABANA - Eclipse 17:41 LOWELL HOPPER - Change of Seasons 17:37 K.VIO, TIM TONIC - O Christmas Tree 17:32 JOHN E. LAWRENCE - Slammin' & Jammin' 17:28 BRIAN BROMBERG - Come To Me 17:23 PETER WHITE - Just My Imagination 17:18 WILL DONATO - Everlasting 17:13 DREAMING IN COLOUR - The Dream Merchant 17:09 SYLVIA BENNETT - A Rainbow Christmas 17:05 LES SABLER - Three Dee 17:01 SAM BASSMAN JENKINS - That's The Way Of The World 16:58 BRIAN SIMPSON - Daybreak 16:54 JAZZ FUNK SOUL - Hustle 16:50 BIRDS OF A FEATHER - Phoenix Rising 16:46 DAVID BENOIT - Angels We Have Heard On High 16:42 ADAM HAWLEY - 35Th St. (Feat. Eric Darius) 16:38 DANNY LERMAN - Gotcha! 16:33 ANDRE DELANO - Full Circle 16:29 ERIC MARIENTHAL - Your Move 16:24 JEREMY HECTOR - Spray Bay 16:21 HARPER, GUS AND GOMEZ - Christmas Time 16:17 BEN TANKARD - Thicker Than Water (Reality TV Mix) 16:13 FREDDIE FOX - No U Turn 16:09 GABRIEL MARK HASSELBACH - Vanishing Summer 16:04 NATE WHITE - Step up to the Plate 16:00 CHRIS GODBER - Essential (feat. Jordan Love) 15:59 RONALD BOO HINKSON - Second Look 15:54 BONEY JAMES - Camouflage 15:50 SMOOTH SOUL HOLIDAY - Silent Night 15:46 UNDER THE LAKE - Can't Believe It's True 15:41 PHILLIP DOC MARTIN - Rock the Boat 15:37 ROCCO VENTRELLA - In My Arms 15:32 DAVID PETROSYAN - Forgive Me 15:28 LOUIE FITZGERALD - Surviving the Storm 15:25 DANA FIELDS - Christmas Time Is Here 15:20 GERRY SMOOTH - Rise Above (feat. Maestro J.) 15:16 PETER WHITE - Bueno Funk 15:11 MARC ANTOINE - Silk And Steel 15:04 JEFFERY SMITH - The Chill Zone 15:00 JULIAN VAUGHN - Loving You 14:59 TIM BOWMAN - Into The Blue 14:55 SPECIAL EFX - Mother of Pearl 14:51 R. HARRIS - Blu Twilight (feat. Andrew Nixon, Ignacio Nunez & Dean Rickard) 14:48 DR. SAXLOVE - O Come All Ye Faithful 14:43 DARREN RAHN - Sonic Boom (feat. Jonathan Fritzen) 14:39 SPONTANEOUS GROOVIN' COMBUSTION - Double Deuces 14:36 PEET PROJECT - Lightyears 14:31 ACOUSTIC ALCHEMY - Lilac Lane 14:27 PAUL TAYLOR - Club 702 14:23 CHRISTMAS CAROLS - Happy Christmas 14:19 MARION MEADOWS - No Wind, No Rain 14:13 KEIKO MATSUI - A Night With Cha Cha from Soul Quest 14:09 STEVE OLIVER - Ba Aye 14:04 LISA ADDEO - Stay With Me Tonight 14:00 ERIC DARIUS - Nu Trane Of Thought 13:58 JEANETTE HARRIS - Passing Time 13:54 MARCIN NOWAKOWSKI - Tell Me Why (Feat. Paul Brown) 13:49 DANIEL D. - Jingle Bell Groove 13:44 DAVE KOZ - Just To Be Next To You 13:41 JODY MAYFIELD - Right Now (feat. Bill Hart) 13:36 AL DEGREGORIS - All Over The Place (Feat. Eric Marienthal) 13:32 ROB TARDIK - That's a Strut 13:27 QUINTIN GERARD W. - Changing Signs 13:23 NATHAN WOODWARD - Angels We Have Heard 13:18 EUGE GROOVE - Talk To Me 13:13 PETER WHITE - Requiem For A Princess 13:08 JOY RIDE - Trade Winds 13:05 VANN BURCHFIELD - We Can Do This 13:00 WALTER BEASLEY - La Nina 12:58 WARREN HILL - Oh Girl 12:53 JOYCE COOLING - Jelly on My Jacket 12:49 WILL SUMNER - First Light 12:45 JACK JEZZRO - White Christmas 12:41 KIM WATERS - Walking On Air 12:36 BRAD ALEXANDER - Like the Dew 12:32 PAOLO RUSTICHELLI - Vagabond 12:28 PATRICK YANDALL - Viejo Amigo 12:24 THREESTYLE - Bring It Up 12:20 BRADLEY LEIGHTON - Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas 12:16 KIM SCOTT - J's Groove 12:12 JEFF KASHIWA - The Attraction 12:08 ZOLBERT - Above the Clouds 12:04 TONY SAUNDERS - Unlimited Access 12:00 RAGAN WHITESIDE - How Do You Know (vocal) 11:58 WAYMAN TISDALE - Watch Me Play Again (feat. Robert Wilson from The Gap Band) 11:53 TERENCE YOUNG - Island Love 11:49 SHIN GIWON CHRISTMAS CAROL COLLECTION - All I Want For Christmas Is You 11:45 JACKIEM JOYNER - Close 2 You 11:40 RICK BRAUN - Missing in Venice 11:34 MARCUS ANDERSON - Clean Heart 11:30 DREW DAVIDSEN - Don't Delay 11:26 THE SMOOTH JAZZ ALLEY - Let's Ride 11:22 JONATHAN BUTLER - Winter Wonderland 11:17 BLAKE AARON - Groovers and Shakers (feat. Darren Rahn) 11:14 DARRON COOKIE - Other Places 11:08 PETER WHITE - Wake Up Everybody 11:04 JEFF RYAN - Sweet Spot 11:00 RONNY SMITH - I'm Beside You 10:56 NELSON RANGELL - Reasons 10:52 GREGG KARUKAS - Happy The Man 10:49 MARK JAIMES - ABC 10:45 PEGGY DUQUESNEL - Breath of Heaven 10:41 CHRIS STANDRING - Too Close for Comfort 10:37 JIM ADKINS - A Kiss From You 10:32 GREG MANNING - For the Love of You 10:28 DANIEL DOMENGE - French Connection 10:24 NAJEE - Modern Lovers 10:22 ART MORRIS - Santa Claus Is Coming To Town 10:17 ALEXANDER ZONJIC - Nature Boy 10:14 DEE BROWN - Love You Too 10:10 RICHARD ELLIOT - Summer Madness 10:04 REZA KHAN - Midnight Runner 10:00 BLAIR BRYANT - Red Tiger 09:58 DEON YATES - Quintastic 09:53 RHYTHM LOGIC - There for You 09:48 JONATHAN FRITZEN - Turn Back Time 09:45 YOLANDA RABUN - That's What I Want for Christmas 09:40 RYAN LA VALETTE - No Limits 09:36 THE SAX PACK - Can't Help Myself 09:32 KAYLA WATERS - Spirit Awakening 09:28 DEE LUCAS - To Be Continued 09:24 KEN NAVARRO - Walking Each Other Home 09:21 AARON BING - Away In A Manger 09:17 NILS - Shine Your Light On Me 09:13 ART RUPRECHT - Living in the Son 09:08 PETER WHITE - Drive By Night 09:04 RAINFOREST BAND - Caribbean Sunset 09:00 NORMAN BROWN - Back At Ya 08:55 3RD FORCE - Follow Me Home 08:50 AL GOMEZ - Closer to You 08:46 SHAKATAK - Christmas With You 08:42 NICHOLAS COLE - Whodat 08:38 JAY KING - My Song 08:34 AMANDUS - Chrome Improvement 08:30 ROBERT HARRIS - New Day 08:26 PAUL BROWN - Right Back At Ya 08:21 GERALD ALBRIGHT - Silent Night 08:17 DARREN MOTAMEDY - After the Storm 08:14 BRANDON WILLIS - Its Always Been You 08:10 KEITH MASON - End of Days 08:06 NICK COLIONNE - Just Being Me 08:00 PAUL HARDCASTLE - Soaring like an eagle Sax Remix 07:58 KENNY PORE - Touching Hearts Today 07:54 VINCENT INGALA - Can't Stop The Rain From Falling 07:50 WAKANA - Go for the Sound (feat. Darren Rahn & Koh Mr.Saxman) 07:46 DAMIEN ESCOBAR - Joy To The World 07:42 RANDY SCOTT - Sanctity 07:39 OLI SILK - All We Need 07:35 SHAUN LABELLE - Desert Nights 07:31 ALTHEA RENE - Pastel Leather 07:27 PIECES OF A DREAM - Gettin' Through It 07:23 U - NAM 07:18 DEAN JAMES - Can You Feel It 07:14 LIN ROUNTREE - Me for Me 07:09 MEKIEL REUBEN - Lovely Day 07:05 PETER WHITE - Deep In My Heart 07:00 DARRYL WILLIAMS - Here to Stay (feat. Euge Groove) 06:55 NORTH 2UNES WOODALL - Loving 2 06:51 FUNKTASTIC PLAYERS - Cooling In My Ride 06:46 BRIAN LENAIR - O Come All Ye Faithful 06:42 RICK HABANA - Ocean Breeze 06:38 LOWELL HOPPER - Resurgence 06:33 JOHN E. LAWRENCE - Step into a Dream 06:28 VINCENT IOIA - No Time Like Now (feat. Bill Heller) 06:25 WILL DONATO - Always You (Feat. Steve Oliver) 06:22 CHRIS 'BIG DOG' DAVIS - White Christmas 06:17 DREAMING IN COLOUR - Yearbook 06:13 LES SABLER - City Rhythm 06:09 SAM BASSMAN JENKINS - Feel So Good 06:05 SEAN U - Xlr8 06:00 BIRDS OF A FEATHER - Above the Clouds 05:56 ADAM HAWLEY - Shuffle (Feat. Darren Rahn) 05:51 DERRICK HARVIN - Colombiana 05:47 BOBBY WELLS - Oooh Baby 05:45 HANK BILAL - Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow 05:41 DANNY LERMAN - Meow Baby 05:37 ANDRE DELANO - Vocalistic 05:33 ERIC MARIENTHAL - Just Around The Corner 05:29 JEREMY HECTOR - Clarity 05:25 NATE WHITE - Migration 05:21 SKINNY HIGHTOWER - Oh Come All Ye Faithful 05:17 BEN TANKARD - It's Working 05:13 FREDDIE FOX - Day Dreamin' 05:08 GABRIEL MARK HASSELBACH - Litmus Test 05:04 PETER WHITE - Festival 05:00 CHRIS GODBER - West Coast Soul 04:59 RONALD BOO HINKSON - She's Mine (The Girl Is Mine) 04:54 BONEY JAMES - Got It Goin' On 04:48 BROOKE ALFORD - The Christmas Song (By the Fireside) 04:44 UNDER THE LAKE - Bridgetown 04:41 PHILLIP DOC MARTIN - Just the Two of Us 04:35 KIRK WHALUM - Afterthought 04:31 ROCCO VENTRELLA - Soulful Strut 04:26 DAVID PETROSYAN - Everytime You Go 04:23 HERB ALPERT - Merry Christmas, Darling 04:19 LOUIE FITZGERALD - Thinkin' Back on When 04:14 GERRY SMOOTH - I'm Glad You're Here 04:10 MARC ANTOINE - Spooky 04:05 JEFFERY SMITH - Southern Style 04:00 JULIAN VAUGHN - Sunday 03:56 TIM BOWMAN - Heart & Soul 03:52 SHAWN RAIFORD - In the Moment 03:48 DAVID GARFIELD - Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow! 03:44 SPECIAL EFX - Never Ending Love 03:39 wo Years On (feat. Jimmy Engher, Monte Mann, Ignacio Nunez & Dean Rickard) 03:35 DARREN RAHN - Revelation 03:31 SPONTANEOUS GROOVIN' COMBUSTION - Road to Redemption 03:27 PEET PROJECT - Tell Me You Want It 03:23 LISA MCCLOWRY - It Wouldn't Feel Like Christmas 03:17 ACOUSTIC ALCHEMY - Only in My Dreams 03:13 GARY PALMER - Land of the Sun 03:09 PAUL TAYLOR - Friday@5 03:04 PETER WHITE - City Of Lights 03:00 MARION MEADOWS - Any Time Any Place 02:58 KEIKO MATSUI - Black Lion 02:55 STEVE OLIVER - Watching the World 02:51 LISA ADDEO - Never Enough 02:46 CHIELI MINUCCI - Little Drummer Boy's Dream 02:42 JOE MCBRIDE, THE TEXAS RHYTHM CLUB - Kickin' It 02:38 ERIC DARIUS - Jean Maries Groove (Dedication for Prvcy Jeans) 02:35 PAUL TUVMAN - In My Life 02:29 JEANETTE HARRIS - Here & Now 02:25 MARCIN NOWAKOWSKI - After Hours 02:21 THE TIMELESS QUINTET - Mary Did You Know 02:17 DAVE KOZ - Surrender 02:13 JODY MAYFIELD - Where Would I Be (feat. Heidi McLaughlin) 02:08 AL DEGREGORIS - Autumn Chill 02:04 ROB TARDIK - Two Much Fun 02:00 QUINTIN GERARD W. - Roundtrip LAX 01:56 EUGE GROOVE - Good Night 01:51 JOY RIDE - Raise The Roof 01:47 KIMBERLY BREWER - Every Day Feels Like Christmas 01:44 VANN BURCHFIELD - Ain't No Body 01:39 WALTER BEASLEY - Skip To My Lew 01:35 WARREN HILL - Mojo 01:31 JOYCE COOLING - South of Market 01:27 WILL SUMNER - The Girl 01:23 JOHN FLUKER - Oh Come All Ye Faithful (Instrumental) 01:19 BRAD ALEXANDER - It's About Time (feat. Dee Lucas) 01:14 KIM WATERS - The Moment I See You 01:09 BRIAN SIMPSON - Mystical 01:04 PETER WHITE - Romance Dance 01:00 PAOLO RUSTICHELLI - Voyager 00:59 PATRICK YANDALL - One Last Look 00:55 THREESTYLE - SteppinÂ'up (feat. Magdalena Chovancova & Robert Fertl) 00:50 KIM SCOTT - Poolside 00:47 NICK DUKAS - This Is Christmas 00:43 JEFF KASHIWA - When Will I Know 00:39 ZOLBERT - One 00:34 TONY SAUNDERS - Highway 5 00:30 RAGAN WHITESIDE - Options (vocal) 00:26 WAYMAN TISDALE - Let's Do It Again 00:22 GARY MEGGS - Hark The Dancing Angels 00:17 ANDY SNITZER - She Loves Me 00:14 TERENCE YOUNG - Take You Out 00:10 JACKIEM JOYNER - Take Me There 00:05 RICK BRAUN - Amor de mi vida (Love of my Life) 00:00 ROBERT CHRISTA - Let It Go

#Radio NET Bulgaria #Smooth Jazz #Chillout #Lounge #2022 #November 2022

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