#franco-scot

[scotianostra]

Marie Of Lorraine, also called Mary Of Guise/ Marie De Lorraine, or De Guise was born on November. 22nd, 1515 at Bar-le-Duc, Lorraine, France.

I cover Marie three or four times a year, but this time I shall post about her palace at 533 Castlehill on the Royal Mile.

Born in 1515, at the age of 11 Marie joined a convent. Her stay was relatively brief because her uncle, the Duke of Lorraine, took her into the French court where she matured into a tall, attractive, intelligent woman with auburn hair and grey eyes and with a ‘charming manner’. In 1534 she entered the first of her two relatively short marriages: to the Duke of Longueville with whom she bore 2 sons. Marie was widowed on the death of her husband in 1537. With the encouragement of the French king, Francis I,  Marie was betrothed to James V, and arrived in St Andrews to be married in the summer of 1538 whence followed 40 days of extravagant celebrations in honour of the occasion. She made her formal entry into the city of Edinburgh later in the year. As consort, Marie was guaranteed life-long rights (‘jointure’) to the Palace of Falkland, Stirling Castle, Linlithgow Palace, and other properties, together with substantial land holdings. By 1541 Marie had borne two sons, both of whom died in that year. In 1542, a daughter was born, the future Mary Queen of Scots: not the distant future given that her father died 6 days after her birth and the infant Mary thus became queen.

The Earl of Arran was appointed regent and governed during the turbulent years which followed, including the ‘rough wooing’ when an English invasion sought to force the Scots into accepting a marriage between Mary and Edward VI. Marie supported Arran and helped to maintain the effective alliance with France which eventually led to the withdrawal of the English army. In 1548, during the siege of Haddington, then occupied by an English garrison, Marie and the Scottish government signed the Treaty of Haddington at St Mary’s Abbey in which Mary was betrothed to the French Dauphin. In 1550/51 Marie travelled to France to complete the betrothal arrangements, among other things. On her return to Scotland, she set machinery in motion to replace Arran, buying  him off with a French dukedom, and so became Queen Regent in 1554. Her regency lasted until her death at the age of 44 in 1560.

It is thought that Marie spent much of her time in residence at Blyth’s Close off Castle Hill, in the period before her regency 1543-1554. Blyth’s Close no longer exists, having been demolished around 1846 to make way for New College and the Assembly Hall. Its location on the north side of the High Street was roughly opposite the Lawnmarket and, in the mid -16th century, Marie’s house would have been a large, imposing property with gardens and orchards laid out on the slope down to the Norloch. The view to the north would have been open and expansive. In the 1820s and 30s the buildings in the close were in a dilapidated, crumbling state and the High Street was by then crowded with the high tenement buildings with which we are familiar today. Victorian antiquarians took a great  interest in old Edinburgh and one among them, Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, concerned about the state of the increasingly ruinous Queen Regent’s house, bought all salvageable fixtures and fittings from the tenants.

His collection included four carved oak roundels which had formed part of what had been a rich and colourful renaissance décor. By this time the roundels, having been moved from their original positions as ceiling or wall mounts, reapplied elsewhere and whitewashed over several times, had lost almost all trace of their original colours, but the carved coats of arms were (and still are) clear. Sharpe died in 1831 and his huge collection was auctioned off. Much was acquired by the National Museum, but not the roundels. These were purchased by the 2nd Duke of Sutherland. The duke seems to have been toying with the idea of using them as part of the interior décor of Dunrobin Castle. Apparently, they were never put on display in the castle and simply stored away. They finally came to light in a Dunrobin Castle attic sale in 2021, when Dr Groundwater was able to bid for them on behalf of the National Museum of Scotland. Her success cost around £19 000!

The roundels have been restored and are due to be going on display in The Kingdom of the Scots area in The National Museum of Scotland, I'm unsure if they have been put out as yet, maybe a wee trip to the museum is in hand to see, and get some pics.

As I said 533 Castlehill was demolished in 1861 to make way for the Free Church General Assembly Hall. Before demolition, portions of a beautifully painted ceiling from the palace were rescued and preserved. It's hard to imagine how the Palce looked, we have some drawings and Canmore have photos of some of the ceiling art, I shall post a link to, so you can look att more photos, the pioneering photographer duo, Hill and Adamson took a photo, as you can see in the stereoscope photos. The doorway is a remnant of the building. The last two photos are my own, taken just a week a go at r New College.

[geminimoonmadness]

✰NEPTUNE IN ARIES✰

A once in a lifetime astrological event!

©️GeminiMoonMadness

✧･ﾟ:*✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*

Neptune takes roughly 165 years to transit the whole zodiac and has been happily swimming through his own sign of Pisces since 2011. Neptune will transit Aries from 2025 to 2039, spending about 12 and a half years there in total, with a few dips in and out at either end. This represents the start of a new cycle of inspiration and change.

✧･ﾟ:*✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*

Here are the dates:

-Enters Aries on 30 March 2025

-Retrogrades into Pisces on 22 October 2025

-Re-enters Aries to stay from 26 January 2026

-Dips into Taurus on 21 May 2038

-Final visit to Aries from 21 October 2038

-Enters Taurus to stay on 23 March 2039

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*

Neptune was last in Aries from 1861 to 1875 and brought to light humanity´s impulsiveness translated into wars, the creativity to invent and the determination to discover.

As Neptune transits the signs, it reveals what we idealise and look to for redemption or salvation. In Capricorn (1984-1998) it fed the idealisation of corporations and big business and in Aquarius (1998-2012) it idealised science and technology. In Pisces (2011-2025), it appears to be idealising deception itself because we’re all drowning in fake news and propaganda in a crazy-making post-truth hall of mirrors.

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*

WHAT HAPPENED IN HISTORY THE LAST TIME NEPTUNE WAS IN ARIES?

60 – 73 CE

-In Rome Christianity was spreading fast

-In Palestine there was a Jewish uprising against the Romans in 66 and Josephus wrote his history of the Jewish War which became a major source on Jesus.

388 – 401

-Christianity had become the official imperial religion of the Roman Empire in 391

-Theodosius prohibited all pagan cults and worship.

432 – 419 BCE

-The ancient Greek city states were always having falling outs/battling.

-The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta began and ran for decades.

879-892

-Alfred the Great created a small fleet of ships to fight naval battles against the Vikings.

1206 – 1219

-Genghis Khan began his conquest of Eurasia

-The Christian Crusades were in full swing

1370 – 1383

-The Hundred Years War between England and France was going strong, it started in 1337 and ended in 1453.

-The Catholic Church split in 1378 and there were two rival popes until 1417

-The Church came under attack from 1377 by John Wycliffe, an English theologian.

-John Wycliffe (as above) completed the first translation of the Bible into English in 1382.

-1370s, the story of Robin Hood began to circulate (a tale of a classic Aries character).

1534-1547

-Henry VIII broke from Rome and declared himself supreme head of the Church of England

-This led to the dissolution of the monasteries in 1536 and the destruction of religious relics and churches, and endless fighting between Catholics and Protestants.

-In the 1540s Valerius Cordus wrote Dispensatorium, the first pharmacopeia covering medicinal plants, minerals and how to make drugs, published in 1546. He also discovered ether in 1540, which was used in pain relief for surgery – and for getting as high as a kite!

1697 – 1711

- Lots of fighting and rebellions in Europe over various things, including the War of Spanish Succession in which England took Gibraltar in 1704.

-England was getting tired of fighting the Scots, and in 1707 the Act of Union formed a new entity called Great Britain, unifying England and Scotland.

1861-1874

- American civil war commenced

- germ theory was invented

-Violence on the Australian goldfields

-Slavery

-Abraham Lincoln becomes president

-Franco-Prussian War

(Can you notice a trend?)

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*

PREDICTION FOR 2025-2039:

Neptune in Aries could bring pioneering visions that reach into every part of society, with lots of new ideas and progressive thinking. There could be idealistic revolutions and social activism, visionary rebellions, crusades for truth and religious wars. Wars may be fought based on lies and deception (nothing new there then), or fought with bioweapons, chemicals and viruses.

At best, Neptune could inspire compassionate action and leadership that takes us away from the potential for war. But it could just as easily reveal the corruption and weakness of leaders that create power vacuums and trigger war by accident.

There may also be a massive loss of faith in leadership, a loss of belief in the nation or the system. People could turn away from the system out of disillusionment or even boredom, and lose themselves in escapist pursuits, like gaming or virtual reality.

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*

WHAT HOUSE IS YOUR NEPTUNE IN?

WHAT HOUSE IS YOUR ARIES IN?

WHAT DEGREE IS YOUR NEPTUNE?

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*

[empiredesimparte]

Live TV Broadcast on Francesim 2, Special Edition ‘Oliver and Hortense, The Royal Wedding’

👉🏻 Follow Hortense's wedding on the blog @officalroyalsofpierreland

Statement by Jérôme Leicca, Head of the Emperor's Household, at the Press Conference on the Marriage of Hortense and Oliver of Scots.

Ladies and Gentlemen, members of the press, This royal marriage marks an important and symbolic moment for our two nations, and I am here to clarify the new legal and protocol situation of Her Royal Highness, Princess Hortense, to the French people. Princess Hortense, in marrying Prince Oliver, has acquired a new status as Princess of the Scots. She will henceforth be referred to as "Her Royal Highness, Princess Hortense." This title is a recognition of her integration into the Scottish royal house and her new role within it. This new status takes precedence over her French title, which she nevertheless retains as the sister of the Emperor of the French. This retention has been approved by His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Napoleon V, in accordance with imperial tradition and the provisions of our Constitution. Thus, her full title is: "Her Royal Highness, Princess Hortense of the Scots, Duchess of Rothsey, Countess of Carrick, Lady of the Isle of Sky, Madame de Francesim." As a member of the imperial family, Princess Hortense will continue to enjoy certain protocol privileges when she is in our country, in her capacity as Madame. However, her main responsibilities and commitments will now focus on her duties as the wife of the Prince of the Scots. The official functions and protocol engagements of the Princess in Francesim will be coordinated in close collaboration with the Scottish Royal Household to ensure harmony and consistency in her activities. It should be noted that Her Royal Highness will continue her studies in Francesim at the École Polytechnique for two more years. We kindly ask journalists to respect the privacy of the Princess and the newlywed couple while on French soil. In accordance with Article 2 of the Imperial Constitution, the children of Their Royal Highnesses will not have any rights of succession to the throne of Francesim. They will hold dual Franco-Scottish nationality but will not have any French imperial privileges. This event strengthens the bonds of friendship and cooperation between the empire of Francesim and the kingdom of Scotland. It symbolizes the unity and fraternity of our two nations, and we look forward to increased cultural and diplomatic exchanges as a result. The members of the Emperor's Household, with whom the Princess grew up, wish to express their warmest wishes for her marriage to the Prince Oliver.

⚜ Traduction française

Emission télévisée en direct sur Francesim 2, édition spéciale "Oliver et Hortense, le mariage royal"

Déclaration de Jérôme Leicca, Chef de la Maison de l'Empereur, lors de la Conférence de Presse sur le Mariage d'Hortense et d'Oliver d'Écosse.

Mesdames et Messieurs, membres de la presse, Ce mariage royal marque un moment important et symbolique pour nos deux nations, et je suis ici pour clarifier la nouvelle situation légale et protocolaire de Son Altesse Royale, Hortense, auprès des Français. En épousant le prince Oliver, Madame a acquis un nouveau statut en tant que Princesse des Ecossais et duchesse de Rothsey. Elle sera désormais désignée sous le prédicat "d'Altesse royale, Princesse Hortense". Ce titre est une reconnaissance de son intégration dans la maison royale écossaise et de son nouveau rôle au sein de celle-ci. Il prévaut désormais sur son titre français, qu'elle conserve néanmoins en tant que sœur de l'Empereur. Ce maintien a été approuvé par Sa Majesté Impériale, l'Empereur Napoléon V, en accord avec la tradition impériale et les dispositions de notre Constitution. Ainsi, le titre complet est : "Son Altesse Royale, la Princesse Hortense des Ecossais, Duchesse de Rothsey, Countess of Carrick, Lady of the Isle of Sky, Madame de Francesim". En tant que membre de la famille impériale, la princesse Hortense continuera à jouir de certaines prérogatives protocolaires lorsqu'elle se trouve en notre pays, en qualité de Madame. Cependant, ses responsabilités et engagements principaux seront désormais centrés sur ses devoirs en tant qu'épouse du prince des Ecossais. Les fonctions officielles et les engagements protocolaires de la Princesse en Francesim seront coordonnés en étroite collaboration avec la Maison Royale d'Écosse pour assurer une harmonie et une cohérence dans ses activités. Il faut préciser que Son Altesse Royale poursuivra encore deux ans ses études en Francesim, à l'Ecole Polytechnique. Nous demandons donc aux journalistes de bien vouloir respecter l'intimité de la Princesse et du jeune couple marié sur le sol français. Conformément à l'article 2 de la Constitution impériale, les enfants de Leurs Altesses Royales n'auront pas de droits de succession au trône de Francesim. Ils auront la double nationale franco-écossaise, mais n'auront aucun privilège impérial français. Cet événement renforce les liens d'amitié et de coopération entre la Francesim et l'Écosse. Il symbolise l'unité et la fraternité de nos deux nations, et nous nous réjouissons des échanges culturels et diplomatiques accrus qui en découleront. Les membres de la Maison de l'Empereur, auprès desquels la Princesse Hortense a grandi, souhaitent exprimer leurs vœux les plus chaleureux pour son mariage avec le prince Oliver.

[baenyth]

Bethany's Bizarre Miraculous Reviews: The Shanghai Special

Fun fact: I went to the real New York City in the gap between my reviews. I hated it more than the special. It was oversized and drab. Also, I decided: no more tagging stuff as salt! Salt is a symbol of deranged hatred, and I want to be a fair critic! I don't hate Marinette, I just hate how she practices stalking and gets away with it. Either way,

Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai; Hourai Hourai Hourai Hourai; FRANCO HOLLAND TIBET KYOTO LONDON RUSSIAN ORLEANS!

(Watch as I hate the special again, lmao.)

Alright, starting off with narmy dialogue, greed and tragedy, and a cool sacred cave.

Oooh, this girl! I don't remember her name, Fei Wu, right? But she's got a neat and detailed backstory!

"Everything was going well, until it wasn't."

Marinette, that's weird.

I heard she wanted to visit Shanghai not to learn about her roots, but to see more Adrien. It's even more disappointing to watch it happen, though.

Such sweet parents!

PSYCHOLOGY

I think he wanted you to help cook, Marinette.

This is actual stalking. The crushing disappointment is growing worse.

I love Adrien's Dad. He's silly, he cares for Adrien, he loves action figures, and he's a person magnitudes better than Hawkmoth!

Gabriel's moving like he's in a videogame lmao

So is Fei Wu. Amazing. I love her and I'd watch an entire show about her.

Sticky fingers! Amazing!

Big fan of the talking bird too. What's his ordeal?

I love the artist method of talking. And the artist's struggle. Kinda odd Marinette's looking for her earrings rather than her phone. I mean I know they make her Ladybug and everything but wouldn't her phone be useful to tell the people you're staying with what's going on? Ladybug isn't very discrete either.

Oh right. The greedy prick again.

As always, Capitalism is the true villain.

Oooh, new transformation music!

Damn, Big News.

Oh god all the ironies going on. Fei is in a deep tar pit. It's like Seinfeld again.

Zamn. Girlie had a whole character arc back there.

Pfft the prodigious kwamis are giving tutorial guides while Fei's trying to survive

Oh. It's just a puff of smoke? Whatever. I love shapeshifters.

Holy hell. Hawkmoth akumatized the guardian, of all people? Is he even sapient? Can Hawkmoth akumatize, like, dogs and cats?

VIBE CHECK

"I'm not worthy of this!" Neither is the guardian. Bro is disintegrating people left and right.

Oh right. He got possessed and isn't in his right mind.

Another plan where Marinette gets swallowed.

Mmmf. Good "what have I done?" thing. I like it.

So he's also a Kwami? Can Hawkmoth akumatize kwamis?

Pfft the excuses

Hey, that wasn't too bad! I really liked Fei's story here, although the whole revenge thing felt forced and crude. Someone who is understandably pissed about someone ruining their father's dojo and eventually life for greed and having to steal to survive (girl is practically homeless, let's be real. At some point she had to use that pawn shop cash for food or clothes that aren't rags.) has to learn about humility and everything while a girl that went to Shanghai to see the boy she has a crush on there gets off not really scot-free, but without having consequences directly for her actions. No matter. It was better than the cheating nonsense in the New York Special.

[stenka-razin]

in 2023 I watched some movies

I was gonna catch up on all those best picture nominees from the last 5 years, but watched crap like Caligula 2 instead

The 1989 World Tour - Live (2015, dir. Jonas Åkerlund) Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery (2022, dir. Rian Johnson) Flight 666 (2008, dir. Scot McFayden and Sam Dunn) Dracula (1931, dir. Todd Browning) Moonraker (1979, dir. Lewis Gilbert) The Pez Outlaw (2022, dir. Bryan Storkel and Amy Bandlien Storkel) Encino Man (1992, dir. Les Mayfield) Star Trek: Insurrection (1998, dir. Jonathan Frakes) Once Upon a Time in… Hollywood (2019, dir. Quentin Tarantino) Cleopatra (1963, dir. Joseph L. Mankiewicz) The Alligator People (1959, dir. Roy Del Ruth) The Silence of the Lambs (1991, dir. Thomas Demme) Godzilla vs. Megalon (“ゴジラ対メガロ” 1973, dir. Jun Fukuda) Invasion of Astro-Monster (“怪獣大戦争” 1965, dir. Ishirō Honda) Breaking a Monster (2015, dir. Luke Meyer) Terror at Orgy Castle (1971, dir. Zoltan G. Spencer) Wake in Fright ("Outback" 1971, dir. Ted Kotcheff) m.A.A.d. (2014, dir. Khalil Joseph) Reservoir Dogs (1992, dir. Quentin Tarantino) Kung Pow! Enter the Fist (2002, dir. Steve Oedekerk) House (1977, dir. Nobuhiko Obayashi) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981, dir. Steven Spielberg) Dunkirk (2017, dir. Christopher Nolan) Final Destination (2000, dir. James Wong) Glitch: The Rise & Fall of HQ Trivia (2023, dir. Salima Koroma) Basic Instinct (1992, dir. Paul Verhoeven) Pee Wee’s Big Adventure (1985, dir. Tim Burton) Caligula 2: The Untold Story (“Caligola: La storia mai raccontata” 1982, dir. Joe D’Amato) La noche del terror ciego (1972, dir. Amando de Ossorio) Rocky IV (1985, dir. Sylvester Stallone) Saw IV (2007, dir. Darren Lynn Bousman) House of Wax (1953, dir. Andre DeToth) Thir13en Ghosts (2001, dir. Steve Beck) Kashchey the Immortal (“Кащей Бессмертный” 1944, dir. Aleksandr Rou) Ghost Ship (2002, dir. Steve Beck) The Blood on Satan’s Claw (1971, dir. Piers Haggard) The Face of Fu Manchu (1965, dir. Don Sharp) The Brides of Fu Manchu (1966, dir. Don Sharp) The Vengeance of Fu Manchu (1967, dir. Jeremy Summers) The Blood of Fu Manchu (1968, dir. Jesús Franco) April Fool's Day (1986, dir. Fred Walton) It's Pat 1994, dir. Adam Bernstein) The Castle of Fu Manchu (1969, dir. Jesús Franco) Adam and Eve Meet the Cannibals ("Adam ed Eve, la prima storia d'amore" 1983, dir. Enzo Doria & Luigi Rosso) The Mountain of the Cannibal God (“La montagna del dio cannibale” 1978, dir. Sergio Martino) When Harry Met Sally… (1989, dir. Rob Reiner) Beetlejuice (1988, dir. Tim Burton) Lord of the Rings: Fellowship of the Ring (2001, dir. Peter Jackson, Long as Shit Version) The Hobbit (1977, dir. Arthur Rankin Jr. & Jules Bass) The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920, dir. Robert Wiene) The Wicker Man (1973, dir. Robin Hardy) The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974, dir. Tobe Hooper) House of 1000 Corpses (2003, dir. Rob Zombie) Chopping Mall (1986, dir. Jim Wynorski) Basket Case (1982, dir. Frank Henenlotter) Cube (1997, dir. Vincenzo Natali) Cube 2: Hypercube (2002, dir. Andrzej Sekula) Practical Magic (1998, dir. Griffin Dunne) Tropic Thunder (2008, dir. Ben Stiller) Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015, dir. J.J. Abrams) Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017, dir. Rian Johnson) Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019, dir. J.J. Abrams) Eyes Wide Shut (1999, dir. Stanley Kubrick) Superbad (2007, dir. Greg Mottola) Bruce Almighty (2003, dir. Tom Shadyac) House of Flying Daggers (“十面埋伏” 2004, dir. Zhang Yimou) Saltburn (2023, dir. Emerald Fennell) Grandma’s Boy (2006, dir. Nicholaus Goossen) Five Nights at Freddy's (2023, dir. Emma Tammi) Caligula and Messalina (“Caligula et Messaline” 1981, dir. Bruno Mattei) The Wizard of Oz (1939, dir. Victor Fleming, King Vidor, George Cukor, and Norman Taurog) A Christmas Prince (2017, dir. Alex Zamm) A Christmas Prince: The Royal Wedding (2018, dir. John Schulz) The Knight Before Christmas (2019, dir. Monika Mitchell) Goldfinger (1964, dir. Guy Hamilton) Total Recall (1990, dir. Paul Verhoeven)

[maximumwobblerbanditdonut]

The British Army uniform in the American Revolution War in the Outlander series

I have read a few interpretations in some blogs about the uniform of Lieutenant Lord Ellesmere William Ransom played remarkably by Charles Vandervaart in the historical fiction, Outlander series as an officer wearing an English Army uniform.

In the show, William Ransom (fictional character) was born in England as William Clarence Henry George Ransom on January 9, 1758. He has the titles of Ninth Earl of Ellesmere; Viscount Ashness; Master of Helwater and Baron Derwent, in the army they knew him as Lieutenant Lord Ellesmere William Ransom.

But, Lieutenant Lord Ellesmere William Ransom, is not wearing an English Army uniform because it is not the English Troops deployed at the Battle of Saratoga: It’s the British Army. The British Army traces back to 1707, with antecedents in the English Army and Scots Army that were created during the Restoration in 1660.

The term British Army was adopted in 1707 after the Acts of Union between England and Scotland, combined into a single led to the creation of a united kingdom to be called “Great Britain” on 1st May 1707.

So, William Ransom is wearing a British Army Officer's Uniform, serving in His Majesty's Military Forces fighting at the Battle of Saratoga in the American Revolutionary War in a scarlet tunic. At the end of the Second Battle of Saratoga, he received his promotion to Captain, for which he will be known in the British Army as Captain Lord Ellesmere William Ransom.

Origin of the Redcoats

He Battle of the Dunes, 14th June 1658

British soldiers wearing a distinctive scarlet tunic first saw combat on foreign soil at The Battle of the Dunes on 14 June 1658, part of the Franco-Spanish War. A combined French and British force defeated a Spanish Army on the dunes near the beaches of Dunkirk. This battle was the decisive victory that ended ten years of conflict between the three nations. It was under these propitious circumstances that the Red Coat debuted in combat.

The uniforms of British soldiers in the American Revolutionary War were regulated under the Royal Warrant of 1768. The Royal Warrant declared that the “The King’s, or first colour of every regiment, is to be the Great Union throughout.” The royal red colour was intended to make it clear that the soldiers belonged to the king. The most iconic of these was the "red coat," a symbol of British military might and authority. The red coat was not only visually striking but also served to intimidate opponents and boost morale among the troops.

The exact style of the coat varied depending on whether the soldier was light infantry, a grenadier, or played another role. The officer's coats were also red, but they were heavily decorated with gold braid and gold buttons -coat buttons, coat trimmings, and belt buckles - as part of their uniforms to show off their rank. The colour of the facings on the coat varied with the regiment, and the style could also vary slightly depending on the role. They often included gold-fringed epaulettes. The Epaulettes marked not only military rank but also social rank. British Officers wore tricorn hats adorned with a black cockade. In addition, they carried a sword as a symbol of their authority and status. Officers wore colorful sashes around the waist and crescent-shaped gorgets were worn around the neck and hung on the upper chest.

BRITISH, 8TH (THE KING'S) REGT

Officers, especially generals, considered it their duty to be properly dressed at all times, those with the means, most were from old estates and quite wealthy, adorned their uniforms to the extreme; since officers purchased their commissions. A fervour demanded that British soldiers should always be attired in uniforms that would bring respect and admiration to The Crown, no matter the weather, circumstances, or when marching to battle.

Accounts of the time usually refer to British soldiers as "Regulars" or "the King's men". However, there is evidence of the term "red coats" being used informally, as a colloquial expression.

Gorgets

During the 18th and early 19th centuries, crescent-shaped metal gorgets were worn by officers in most European armies as a badge of rank. Officers also wore gorgets, or gold metal plates, that hung on the front of their coats. These gorgets frequently included engraved details about the regiment. The gorgets, made from nickel silver or brass, follow that standard and are offered in a plain style or with a royal crest on the front. The body has a royal coat of arms with GR embossed referring to the reigning monarch, King George III (1738-1820).

This silver gorget was made in England in 1775-1776 for an officer of the British Army’s 60th or Royal American Regiment.

The crescent of bronze or silver worn at the throat of officers was the gorget, a reduced survival of the piece of earlier armour which protected the neck. They were also given to Indian war chiefs. This custom was followed for some time after the gorget was abolished in the British army. Doubtless, its use persisted among the Indians with whom it was popular both as an ornament and as an insignia of the wearer’s rank.

Swords and Sword-Knots

British Infantry Officer Sword with Field Scabbard

“No Sword can be properly regarded as complete without its appropriate knot”. British Army Officers Black Leather Sword Knot with Acorn Edged Weapons (used on William's sword - Outlander ep. 7-8) This black sword knot is used by various Officers in the British Army. The sword knot initiated existence as a simple cord attached to the hilt of the sword of a mounted soldier. The knot is in circumstance, a loop usually made out of leather. Before engaging with the enemy, the soldier wraps the loop around his wrist to prevent the loss of his sword, which can happen either in the heat of the battle or if he needs to relax his group to steady his mount.

The swords of each regiment were uniform, and the sword knots of the whole were crimson and gold in stripes. The hilts of the swords were either gilt or silver, according to the colour of the buttons on the uniforms.

The sword is a symbol of many things: chivalry, and honour, the sword is also traditionally a "personal" weapon. It is not something one draws from the Quartermaster's Stores to be returned later. It is meant to be part of the officer's uniform, to be at his side throughout his professional career, and to be priced in later years by his descendants.

In more recent years the sword knot has slowly changed to become a more decorative piece of uniform regalia. The design of it has also changed such that it now features a double strap which is also attached to the sword guard and wrapped around the hilt when not attached to the wrist.

Sashes

Officers wore colorful sashes around the waist, these long strips of cloth often had fringed ends. These sashes could act as a stretcher to help transport a wounded officer off the battlefield also served as a sling to assist those carrying the wounded commander from the field of battle. The sashes were usually red, but they could feature other colors, such as black, white or gold. In addition to their decorative function.

Military Shoulder Epaulettes

EPAULETTE with bullion fringe in gold. In the 18th the British military used single epaulettes to distinguish rank for junior army officers.

Uniforms worn by the British army varied greatly but eventually became standardised a few years in. During the war, many officers wanted a way of distinguishing and featuring their commissioned rank. This led officers of military units to petition for the right to wear epaulettes, to ensure that their status would be recognised.

By the early 18th century, epaulettes had become the distinguishing feature of commissioned rank. And no ranking in the British Army officer's uniform is complete without displaying your rank with a pair of shoulder boards or epaulettes.

Epaulettes were introduced into the British army by Royal Warrant on 19th December 1768. This prescribed that cavalry officers should have an “embroidered or laced Epaulette of Gold or Silver, with Fringe, on the Left Shoulder,” except for Light Dragoons, who were to have one on each shoulder; while infantry officers should wear a similar epaulette “on the Right Shoulder,” except for officers of the Grenadier Company of each Regiment, who were to have one on each shoulder. These regulations seem to have applied to officers up to the rank of Captain, while superior or “field” officers generally wore two epaulettes.

Field officers (Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel and Major) wore rich epaulettes with rich bullions on both shoulders. Captains of the Battalion company wore epaulettes with smaller bullions, and Subalterns (Lieutenant and Ensign/ Sub Lieutenant) of a similar company wore the same epaulette strap with fringes on the right shoulder only.

Conclusion

British soldiers fought in scarlet tunics for the last time at the Battle of Gennis in the Sudan on 30 December 1885. They formed part of an expeditionary force sent from Britain to participate in the Nile Campaign of 1884-85, wearing the "home service uniform" of the period including scarlet tunics, although some regiments sent from India were in khaki drill. A small detachment of infantry which reached Khartoum by steamer on 28 January 1885 were ordered to fight in their red coats in order to let the Mahdist rebels know that the real British forces had arrived.

Even after the adoption of khaki service dress in 1902, most British infantry and some cavalry regiments continued to wear scarlet tunics on parade and for off-duty "walking out dress", until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

Scarlet tunics ceased to be general issue upon British mobilisation in August 1914. The Brigade of Guards resumed wearing their scarlet full dress in 1920 but for the remainder of the army red coats were only authorised for wear by regimental bands and officers in mess dress or on certain limited social or ceremonial occasions (notably attendance at court functions or weddings). The reason for not generally reintroducing the distinctive full dress was primarily financial, as the scarlet cloth requires expensive cochineal dye.

The scarlet tunic remains in the current British Army Dress Regulations. It is one of three coloured tunics used by the British Army; alongside dark green tunics (used by The Rifles and Royal Gurkha Rifles), and dark blue tunics (used by several units, such as the Royal Artillery)

BritishArmyDressRegulations #theKing'men #Regulars #Redcoats #BritishArmy #uniform #scarlettunic #AmericanRevolutionWar #Gorgets #sashes #Swords and Sword-Knots #Epaulettes #BattleofSaratoga #WilliamRansom #Outlander

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.9 (before 1940)

337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1141 – Yelü Dashi, the Liao dynasty general who founded the Qara Khitai, defeats the Seljuq and Kara-Khanid forces at the Battle of Qatwan. 1320 – In the Battle of Saint George, the Byzantines under Andronikos Asen ambush and defeat the forces of the Principality of Achaea, securing possession of Arcadia. 1488 – Anne becomes sovereign Duchess of Brittany, becoming a central figure in the struggle for influence that leads to the union of Brittany and France. 1493 – Battle of Krbava Field, a decisive defeat of Croats in Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire. 1493 – Christopher Columbus, with 17 ships and 1,200 men, sails on second voyage from Cadiz. 1499 – The citizens of Lisbon celebrate the triumphal return of the explorer Vasco de Gama, completing his two-year journey around the Cape of Good Hope to India. 1513 – James IV of Scotland is defeated and dies in the Battle of Flodden, ending Scotland's involvement in the War of the League of Cambrai. 1543 – Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling. 1561 – The ultimately unsuccessful Colloquy of Poissy opens in an effort to reconcile French Catholics and Protestants. 1588 – Thomas Cavendish in his ship Desire enters Plymouth and completes the first deliberately planned voyage of circumnavigation. 1739 – Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britain's mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina. 1776 – The Continental Congress officially names its union of states the United States. 1791 – Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, is named after President George Washington. 1801 – Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of Baltic provinces. 1839 – John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph. 1845 – Possible start of the Great Famine of Ireland. 1850 – The Compromise of 1850 transfers a third of Texas's claimed territory to federal control in return for the U.S. federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre-annexation debt. 1850 – California is admitted as the thirty-first U.S. state. 1855 – Crimean War: The Siege of Sevastopol comes to an end when Russian forces abandon the city. 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee. 1892 – Amalthea becomes the last moon to be discovered without the use of photography. 1914 – World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army. 1922 – The Greco-Turkish War effectively ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks in Smyrna. 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, founds the Republican People's Party. 1924 – Hanapepe massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii. 1936 – The crews of Portuguese Navy frigate NRP Afonso de Albuquerque and destroyer Dão mutinied against the Salazar dictatorship's support of General Franco's coup and declared their solidarity with the Spanish Republic. 1939 – World War II: The Battle of Hel begins, the longest-defended pocket of Polish Army resistance during the German invasion of Poland. 1939 – Burmese national hero U Ottama dies in prison after a hunger strike to protest Britain's colonial government.

[tanveer56]

Exploring the Spiritual Heart: A Journey Through Church in Melbourne

Introduction

Melbourne, the vibrant and culturally rich capital of Victoria, Australia, is renowned for its diverse architecture, dynamic art scene, and thriving multicultural community. Among its many attractions, the city is home to a remarkable array of churches, each offering a unique glimpse into Melbourne's spiritual heritage. These churches, ranging from historic cathedrals to modern worship centers, not only serve as places of religious significance but also as architectural marvels and cultural landmarks. In this article, we will embark on a comprehensive exploration of Church in Melbourne delving into their history, architectural styles, community roles, and much more.

St. Patrick's Cathedral: A Gothic Revival Masterpiece

St. Patrick's Cathedral stands as one of Melbourne's most iconic religious structures. Completed in 1939, this stunning example of Gothic Revival architecture features soaring spires, intricate stained glass windows, and a richly decorated interior. As the principal Catholic church of the Archdiocese of Melbourne, St. Patrick's Cathedral is not only a place of worship but also a significant historical and cultural monument.

St. Paul's Cathedral: An Anglican Jewel in the Heart of the City

Located opposite Federation Square, St. Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican church renowned for its striking neo-Gothic architecture. Designed by the English architect William Butterfield, the cathedral's construction began in 1880 and was completed in 1931. Its beautiful interior, adorned with mosaics and wood carvings, makes it a must-visit site for both worshippers and tourists.

Scots' Church: A Testament to Presbyterian Faith

Scots' Church, one of Melbourne's oldest, was established in 1838. This Presbyterian church, located on Collins Street, is a fine example of English Gothic architecture. Its stunning sandstone façade, exquisite stained glass windows, and impressive pipe organ attract visitors from all over the world.St. Mary Star of the Sea, situated in West Melbourne, is a Catholic church known for its grandiose Romanesque Revival style. Completed in 1900, the church boasts a majestic interior featuring high vaulted ceilings, ornate altars, and intricate frescoes. It continues to serve as a vital spiritual hub for the local community.

Holy Trinity Anglican Church: Embracing Diversity in East Melbourne

Holy Trinity Anglican Church, located in East Melbourne, is known for its inclusive approach and diverse congregation. The church's welcoming atmosphere, coupled with its beautiful Victorian Gothic architecture, makes it a significant spiritual and community center.

St. Francis' Church: The Oldest Catholic Church in Victoria

St. Francis' Church, founded in 1841, holds the distinction of being the oldest Catholic church in Victoria. Situated on Lonsdale Street, this historic church is a place of tranquility amidst the bustling city. Its serene interior, featuring beautiful stained glass and a peaceful garden, offers a perfect retreat for reflection and prayer.

Wesley Uniting Church: A Hub of Community Service

Wesley Uniting Church, located on Lonsdale Street, is not only a place of worship but also a center for community service and outreach. Established in 1858, this church is known for its distinctive neo-Gothic architecture and its commitment to social justice and support for the marginalized.

St. Michael's Uniting Church: A Modernist Marvel

St. Michael's Uniting Church, with its unique modernist design, stands out among Melbourne's religious buildings. Designed by architect Sydney Ancher in the 1950s, the church features an innovative open-plan interior that reflects the Uniting Church's progressive approach to worship and community engagement.

Sacred Heart Church: A Franco-Romanesque Beauty

Located in Carlton, Sacred Heart Church is a fine example of Franco-Romanesque architecture. Built in the early 20th century, this Catholic church is renowned for its beautiful stonework, intricate carvings, and vibrant stained glass windows. It remains a focal point for the local Catholic community.

 St. John the Evangelist Church: A Hidden Gem in Toorak

St. John the Evangelist Church in Toorak is an Anglican church that combines traditional and modern elements in its design. The church's serene atmosphere, coupled with its beautiful gardens, makes it a peaceful haven for worshippers and visitors alike.

St. Peter's Eastern Hill: A Historic Anglican Parish

St. Peter's Eastern Hill, founded in 1846, is one of Melbourne's oldest Anglican parishes. The church's Gothic Revival architecture, complete with a bell tower and beautiful stained glass windows, reflects its rich history and enduring legacy as a place of worship and community gathering.

Our Lady of Victories Basilica: A Landmark of Camberwell

Our Lady of Victories Basilica in Camberwell is a Catholic church known for its striking Renaissance Revival architecture. Completed in 1918, the basilica's grand dome and majestic interior make it a prominent landmark and a center of spiritual life in the suburb.

Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia: A Hub of Hellenic Culture

The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, located in East Melbourne, serves as a vital spiritual and cultural center for Melbourne's Greek community. The church's Byzantine-style architecture, with its stunning mosaics and iconography, offers a rich visual and spiritual experience.

St. Ignatius' Church: A Jesuit Legacy in Richmond

St. Ignatius' Church in Richmond is a Catholic church established by the Jesuit order in 1867. The church's impressive Gothic Revival architecture and its active parish community make it a significant religious and cultural institution in Melbourne.

Church of All Nations: Embracing Multiculturalism in Carlton

The Church of All Nations in Carlton is an Anglican church that celebrates Melbourne's multiculturalism. Known for its inclusive and diverse congregation, the church plays a crucial role in promoting social harmony and cultural exchange in the community.

St. George's Anglican Church: A Community Pillar in Malvern

St. George's Anglican Church in Malvern is renowned for its beautiful Victorian Gothic architecture and its active engagement in community service. Established in 1869, the church continues to be a vibrant center of worship and outreach in the suburb.

Conclusion

Melbourne's churches are more than just places of worship; they are historical landmarks, architectural wonders, and community pillars. Each church, with its unique history, architectural style, and role in the community, contributes to the rich tapestry of Melbourne's cultural and spiritual landscape. From the Gothic spires of St. Patrick's Cathedral to the modernist design of St. Michael's Uniting Church, these sacred spaces invite us to explore and appreciate the diverse expressions of faith and heritage that make Melbourne a truly remarkable city. Whether you are a resident or a visitor, a journey through Melbourne's churches offers a profound and enriching experience, reflecting the city's enduring commitment to faith, community, and cultural diversity.

[scotianostra]

17th November 1765 saw the birth of Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald at Sedan France.

The French MacDonald, as he is sometimes known, followed in a long tradition of Scots serving in the army of France, although the vast majority were Royalist it is inevitable I would stumble upon a Republican sooner or later.

Étienne was the son of Neil MacDonald, a Jacobite who played a key role in Charles Edward Stuart's escape following his defeat at Culloden in 1746 and also fled, living the rest of his life in exile in France.

A close comrade of Napoleon during his wars around Europe and against the British, this was at a time many Scots regiments were fighting in the European theatre of war, and of course, as mentioned in my post on Saturday, the Scots marched with the instrument of war, the bagpipes. It is with this in mind I found an interesting anecdote that Napoleon Bonaparte dared not let Étienne MacDonald within the sound of bagpipes, lest he defect and join the British. Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald became a highly regarded military officer and following Napoleon's defeat he became a minister in the French government, a Peer of the Realm and was elevated to Arch-Chancellor of the order of the Legion d'Honneur. His statue stands on the side of the Louvre, his name is inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe and one of the boulevards of Paris was named after him.

Marshall MacDonald visited his fathers birthplace on South Uist in 1825, he returned to France with soil from the land at Howbeg. It was buried with him when he died.

When he died in 1840 at the age of 70 he was given a state funeral and buried in the Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris. Pere Lachaise is where the great and good of early nineteenth century Paris were buried. 14 of Napoleon's 26 Marshals are buried there.

Find out more about him here http://www.historyofwar.org/.../people_macdonald_marshal...

[bantarleton]

1 July 1690 (using the old calendar): William of Orange's army of Scots, English, Danes, Dutch, Germans, French Huguenots, et al defeat James VII/II's Franco-Irish Jacobite army at the battle of the Boyne. The decisive end to the Williamite war would be at Aughrim on 12 July 1691.

[dear-indies]

hey cat and mouse! i was wondering if you guys could share your favorite enby and trans faceclaims? thanks so much!

Trans women:

Alexandra Billings (1962) - is HIV positive.

Dominique Jackson (1975) Afro-Tobagonian.

Jen Richards (1976) - bisexual.

Angelica Ross (1980) African-American.

Carmen Carrera (1985) Puerto Rican / Peruvian.

Nomi Ruiz (1986) Puerto Rican.

Poyd Treechada Petcharat (1986) Thai.

Mela Franco Habijan (1987) Tagalog Filipino.

Kiley May (1987) Cayuga, Mohawk - two-spirit and genderqueer trans woman.

Juliana Huxtable (1987) African-American - intersex.

Amiyah Scott (1988) African-American.

Hailie Sahar (1988) Black, Latin, Indian, German, Jewish.

Daniela Vega (1989) Chilean.

Patti Harrison (1990) Vietnamese / English, other.

Jari Jones (1991) African-American / Filipino - queer.

Michaela Jaé Rodriguez (1991) African-American, one quarter Puerto Rican.

Hari Nef (1992) Ashkenazi Jewish.

Lux Pascal (1992) Chilean.

Julie Vu (1992) Vietnamese.

Myo Ko Ko San (1994) Burmese.

Zión Moreno (1995) Mexican [Unspecified Native American and Spanish].

Aj Clementine (1996)

Arisce Wanzer (1996) African-American.

Nicole Maines (1997)

Jazz Jennings (2000) Ashkenazi Jewish - pansexual.

Georgie Stone (2000)

Aaron Philip (2001) Afro-Antiguan - has cerebral palsy.

Josie Totah (2001) Palestinian / Lebanese, Italian, Irish, German.

Trans men:

Ian Harvie (1968)

Brian Michael Smith (1983) African-American.

Ice Seguerra (1983) Filipino.

Rüzgar Erkoçlar (1986) Turkish.

Ryan Cassata (1993) - queer.

Laith Ashley (1989) Afro-Dominican.

Sky Teotico (1994) Tagalog Filipino and some Spanish, according to Sky himself he identifies as mestizo.

Jake Zyrus (1992) Bisaya and Tagalog Filipino, Chinese.

Tyler Luke Cunningham (1995) Black British.

Miles McKenna (1995)

Leo Sheng (1996) Chinese.

Elliot Fletcher (1996) - in his tag on my blog you can find an ask he replied to stating that it’s ok to roleplay using his images but please don’t comment on his body.

Nakayama Satsuki (1998) Japanese - asexual.

Sohan Pague (1999)

Lukas Alexander / Lukas Von Horbatschewsky (2000) Nigerian and Norwegian.

Tyler Dichiara (?)

Scott Turner Schofield (?)

Non-binary peeps:

Sara Ramirez (1975) Mexican, some Irish - non-binary and bisexual - they/them.

Karen Olivo (1976) Puerto Rican [Spanish, Unspecified Indigenous, possibly other] / Dominican Republic, Chinese - non-binary - they/them.

Parisa Fitz Henley (1977) Afro-Jamaican - non-binary - she/they.

Ser Anzoategui (1979) Argentinian, Paraguayan - non-binary and queer - they/them.

Nicky Endres (1982) Korean - non-binary transfeminine, genderqueer and queer - they/she.

Asia Kate Dillon (1984) Ashkenazi Jewish / Unspecified - non-binary and pansexual - they/them.

Charlyne Yi (1986) Yuki, Kapampangan Filipino, Korean, Mexican, Spanish, Irish, French, and German - non-binary and queer - they/them.

Erika Ishii (1987) Japanese - genderfluid - she/they/any.

Nico Tortorella (1988) - genderfluid, queer, pansexual, and polyamorous - they/them.

Nayuka Gorrie (1990) Gunai, Gunditjmara, Wiradjuri, Yorta Yorta, Scottish - non-binary - they/them.

Olly Alexander (1990) - non-binary and gay - he/him.

Jacob Tobia (1991) Syrian - non-binary - they/them.

Theo Germaine (1992) non-binary - they/he.

E.R. Fightmaster (1992) - non-binary - they/them.

Dorian Electra (1992) - genderfluid and queer -has ADD - they/them.

Jesse James Keitel (1993) - non-binary - he/her.

Lola Petticrew (1995) - non-binary and queer - they/them.

Kehlani (1995) African-American, French, Blackfoot, Cherokee, Spanish, Mexican, Filipino, Scottish, English, German, Scots-Irish/Northern Irish, and Welsh, as well as distant Cornish, Irish, and possibly Choctaw - non-binary womxn - lesbian.

Quintessa Swindell (1997) African-American / White - non-binary - he/they.

Blu del Barrio (1997) Argentinian - non-binary - they/them.

Misha Osherovich (1997) Ashkenazi Jewish - non-binary - they/them.

Chella Man (1998) Hongkonger, Jewish - deaf - non-binary genderqueer and pansexual - he/him.

Celeste O'Connor (1998) Kenyan - non-binary - they/them.

Sivan Alyra Rose (1999) Chiricahua Apache / Afro-Puerto Rican, Creole - genderfluid and pansexual - she/they,

Lizeth Selene (1999) Mexican - genderfluid - they/she.

Ian Alexander (2001) Vietnamese / White -non-binary and queer - they/he.

Nico Ortiz (?) Puerto Rican - non-binary - they/them.

HERE are some nonbinary faceclaims with no resources if any resource makers need suggestions too!

[scotsq]

𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐒: Closed started for @julicnn​​​ 𝐋𝐎𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍: The French lodgings at Hampton Court.  𝐃𝐀𝐓𝐄: November of 1559

It was the greatest of conundrums to be so dynastically connected—to have your blood linked too closely to your would-be enemies for there to ever be any semblance of peace between you. If only Mary could somehow sever the ties between herself and her inherent Tudor blood, then perhaps such a selfless act alone might establish a new age of prosperity for both Scotland and England to rejoice in.

Alas, Mary understood fervently that to deny her claim would be to forsake her truth, person, and birthright. If for no other reason than to further their own agendas, her uncles incessantly reminded her of all the sacrifices that were made to bring her into this world and safely into the comfortable arms of the Valois. Scores of Scotsmen, her kin, and her own father all bled at the hands of the English to defend what was rightfully theirs. For their honor and for the future of Scotland, it was also her responsibility to defend what was hers by right.

The Queen of Scots was fiercely warned against prolonged interactions with the innumerable enemies of the Stuart dynasty that lurked within the shadowy halls of Hampton court. She could receive their shallow displays of admiration towards herself and her two respective courts with a honeyed kindness, but she would never expect their sincerity. Lies and pretty smiles were dangerous when appreciated but deadly when believed.

For her own protection, Mary took caution with her words whenever she delighted in the company of unfamiliar persons and expertly guided uncomfortable conversations in the direction of more appropriate topics that better suited her cause. The Queen was determined to appear the pious and generous consort in the watchful eyes of every single Boleyn viper that sought to remove her as a threat to their King's reign. With Mary and Francis on the throne, their presence came with the promise of a strong resurgence of Catholicism and would mark an age of Franco-Scottish influence in England. It was well understood that the Boleyns and their band of loyalists would rather burn their country themselves than to see it bend to France, Scotland, and least of all to Rome.

Beneath a richly decorated canopy of blue velvet that detailed miniature golden patterns of the fleur-de-lis alongside the crimson Stuart lion sat the polished Queen and her four nymphlike ladies in waiting that orbited her. Resting within her lengthy palms sat a lavishly illustrated royal prayer book which Mary proceeded to read from to the four women when her icy blue gaze flickered upwards from the pages and caught sight of an approaching figure. Leaning in closer to the Queen, Lady Fleming whispered the gentleman's identity in French into the Queen's ear with a duplicitous smile painting her thin lips. "Monsieur de Vere, Madam." Another viper, mused Mary as she closed the leather bound book and placed it on her lap. She had been expecting to formally make his acquaintance for quite some time.

"Monsieur de Vere," Mary greeted, her long arm stretching forward to present her milky-white hand for him to take into his own. "I am most pleased to finally meet you. I trust the Winter season has found you in good health, non?"

[a-m-e-t-h-y-s-t-r-o-s-e]

Going back to the Roman Polanski petition and the Epstein files, just the ones I’ve seen so far, it’s so incredibly disheartening seeing how many entertainers and people I generally held in positive regard are on these lists. There is, of course, the chance they didn’t know anything and were just shuttled around as being famous rich people, but...man. They’re on the same list as people we know are cretins, so there’s no way of actually knowing who is and isn’t good. It’s like trying to tell which porn is and isn’t consensual, you just can’t.

anyway here’s a list so far of all the elites named in the epstein files, or who supported roman polanski’s relase after he was arrested for raping a teenage girl:

SIGNED PETITION TO RELEASE ROMAN POLANSKI AFTER HE WAS ARRESTED FOR RAPING A 13-YEAR-OLD GIRL AND FLEEING THE COUNTRY ---------- Adrien Brody Alejandro G. Inarritu Alexander Payne Alexandre Desplat Alfonso Cuaron Asia Argento (apologized, regrets) Buck Henry Darren Aronofsky David Lynch Emma Thompson (claims to have signed, asked for her name to be removed) Guillermo Del Toro Harmony Korine Harrison Ford Jean-Jacques Annaud Jeremy Irons Jerry Schatzberg John Landis Jonathan Demme Julian Schnabel Kristin Scot Thomas Marin Scorsese Michael Mann Mike Nichols Monia Bellucci Natalie Portman (apologized, regrets) Neil Jordan Paul Auster Penelope Cruz Stephen Frears Steven Soderbergh Terry Gilliam Tilda Swinton Tom Tykwer Walter Salles Wes Anderson Wim Wenders Woody Allen Xavier Dolan (apologized, regrets)

CELEBRITIES NAMED IN EPSTEIN FILES ------------- Adam Perry Lang Akon Alan Dershowitz Alberto Pinto Alec Baldwin Alyssa Rogers Anderson Cooper Andrea Mitrovich Andres Pastrana Anthony Kiedis Audrey Raimbault Barack Obama Ben Affleck Beyonce Bill Clinton Bill Gates Bill Hammond Bill Murray Brian Affleck Caren Casey Casey Wasserman Charlie Sheen Chelsea Handler Chris Tucker Chris Wagner Cindy Lopez Claire Hazel Courtney Love Dan Schneider David Koch David Yarovesky Demi Moore Donald Trump Doug Band Ed Tuttle Ehud Barak Ellen Spencer Eminem Emmy Taylor Eva Dubin Fleur Perry Land Freya Wissing Gary Roxburgh George Mitchell Ghislaine Maxwell Glen Dubin Greg Holbert Gwen Stefani Gwendolyn Beck Hank Coller Heather Mann Henry Jarecki Henry Rosovsky Itzhak Perlman James Franco James Gunn Jean Luc Brunel Jean Michelle Gathy Jeffery Epstein Jeffery Jones Jim Carrey Jimmy Kimmel Joe Pagino John Cusack John Glenn Juan Pablo Molyneux Juliette Bryant Justin Roiland Kathy Griffin Katy Perry Kelly Spamm Kevin Spacey Kirsty Rodgers Larry Summers Larry Visoski (pilot of Lolita Express) Laura Wasserman Lawrence Krauss Linda Pinto Lisa Summers Lynn Forester De Rothchild Madonna Mandy Ellison Marc Collins-Rector Mark Epstein Mark Lloyd Marvin Minsky Melinda Luntz Meryl Streep Michelle Wolf Nadia Marcinkova Naomi Campbell Natalie Blachon De Perrier Nichole Junkermann Oliver Sachs Paul Hala Paul Mellon Paula Epstein Peter Marino Pharrel Williams Prince Andrew of England Quentin Tarantino Ralph Ellison Ray Barzanna Ricardo Legoretta Robert Downey Jr Rodney Slater Ron Burke Ron Eppinger Sandy Burger Sarah Kellen Seth Green Shawn Carter (Jay-Z) Shelley Harrison Shelley Lewis Sophie Biddle Stefani Germanotta (Lady Gaga) Steven Colbert Stephen Collins Stephen Hawking Steven Spielberg Steven Tyler Svetlana Griaznova Teala Davies Tiffany Gramza Tom Hanks Tom Pritzker Tyler Grasham Victor Salva Virginia Roberts Wanda Sykes Will Ferrell Will Smith Woody Allen

KNOWN SEX PESTS NOT OTHERWISE NAMED ------------ Bill Cosby Drake Harvey Weinstein Jada Pinkett-Smith R. Kelly

[apieters]

So back when I was a kid I I first learned that double-edged broadswords swords with complex hand protection were a thing, I immediately wondered how a sword could be designed to allow both edges of the sword to be used. The resulting idea was a sword with twin knuckle-bows, and I’ve never quite let go of my efforts to design thus on a practical way.

The Original Design was incredibly simple—a broadsword with twin knuckle-guards, and that was all. I like this design only for nostalgic reasons, but still, it has a certain elegant simplicity to it. Kind of gives me a 17th century heavy cavalry vibe. I remember thinking it through and realizing the knuckle bows had to be canted out of the plane of the blade in other to hold it properly, but that was beyond my abilities to create physically as a kid, so when I went to make it out of wood, I ended up with something like a Keyblade guard from Kingdom Hearts (On the plus side, I know for a fact that KH’s Keyblade swords are perfectly serviceable weapons in terms of their hilt design). But I really don’t like it as a practical design anymore. I was in elementary school when I first conceived this design, and thought that a simple knuckle-bow was enough to actual protect your hand (you fool. You absolute buffoon), so there’s really nothing else there to keep those fingers from getting hacked off in a melee. In terms of a serviceable weapon, I wouldn’t choose to wield the Original Design without two considerations: 1) the addition of a thumb ring for a more secure grip and 2) I would only wield it while wearing armored gauntlets.

The Original Design required Modifications in order to create a sword that truly protects one’s hand, so I’ve toyed around with various designs over the years that preserved (or didn’t preserve) the underlying structure of the Original Design. Extra bars, plates, and a cross-guard have all made appearances over the years, but only two design criteria held—there had to be two opposing knuckle bows and the sword had to be able to be “flipped” to make both edges serviceable. As I kept looking up swords online, I began to become better acquainted with 17th-18th century continental European broadswords from the Eighty Years War, Thirty Years War, and the Franco-Dutch wars. Called houwdegen (Dutch, “hewing/cutting/slashing swords”—the Amsterdam Town Guard was armed with a particularly lovely model in the mid-17th century that was copied by the French as their first regulation cavalry sword), haudegen/felddegen (German, “hewing/cutting/slashing swords”/“field swords”), and êpées wallones (French, “Walloon Swords”), these swords were also popular in the British Isles, known in the early 18th century as “sheering/shearing swords” or “spadroons” (Many thanks to Stoccata School of Swordsmanship in Australia for their groundbreaking article on this subject)—a lighter-weight alternative to the British basket-hilted broadsword of Highland Scots fame (a note on terminology: some people say that a “spadroon” is a smallsword with a blade just substantial enough to cut. Those people are wrong. They can fight me What really happened was as the 18th century progressed, the shape of spadroons was simplified and the blade got smaller and narrower until by the Napoleonic Wars it had convergently evolved into a shape reminiscent of the more popular and prestigious Smallsword, but lacking all of its former virtues as a light cutter without being able to effectively match the Smallsword as a light thrusting weapon—the “perfect encumbrance”). My modifications have tended to stick with the early- to mid-17th century cavalry vibes, but eventually I couldn’t deny what this sword wanted to be…

I ended up conceiving a late 17th-century/early 18th century Walloon Sword/Sheering Sword/Spadroon (the time period roughly corresponding to the Golden Age of Piracy). Following the lead of the Amsterdam Town Guard’s model, I gave the sword a bilobate shell guard which does the heavy lifting of protecting the fingers. Most Walloon swords (though not the Amsterdam model) actually have two knuckle-bows—one is a regularly-placed knuckle-bow in the same plane as the cutting edge of the blade, and a second one mounted 90 degrees to the first one. I simply made both of them about 30 degrees off the plane of the blade. I still thought the user’s hand needed extra protection, so I added first one, then two cross-bars spanning the knuckle-bows—again, these bars (usually one) connecting the two knuckle bows are common features of Northern European military swords of the late 17th/early 18th century. The little bit of asymmetry makes it more aesthetically pleasing, in my opinion. The inside shell might be smaller than the outside shell, and may sport or curl into a thumb ring, although that feature is optional. The sword also features a vestigial, decorative cross guard.

One final variant I experimented with was designing a double-knuckle bow Sidesword or War Rapier that might be compatible with my main fencing system—Destreza. Sadly, my personal rapier fencing style would be encumbered by knuckle bows similar to the Original Design, which really force you to adopt a hammer-grip and emphasize heavy downward strokes (that thing really is a cavalry weapon). However, I managed to adapt the design by bending in the knuckle-bows to create a curve where my wrist can fit during some of the actions I prefer to use. The final guard ends up a variant of a two- or three-ring swept hilt (depending on if you consider the adapted knuckle-bows the third ring or not) with wide S-shaped quillons to trap an opponent’s blade and closed front rings to protect the fingers. The inner guard has two rings, braced against the cross-guard. Overall, I’m not terribly satisfied with this design—the double knuckle bow sword was always meant to be primarily a cutting weapon, and it’s design lends itself much more readily to cut-fencing, such as the British broadsword systems, which I’m also studying anyway.

TL;DR I actually redesigned an old childhood weapon into something useable as a fencing weapon. Now, to see if we can bring it to life in synthetics…

[usergrantaire]

📓

okay so i don't really have much of a plot for this au yet, but i do have a general idea of the premise of it. gonna put it under the cut because this has the potential to get long due to my propensity to ramble lol

so a while back i was thinking about how fucking enraging it was that in brick canon thénardier basically got off scot free and sailed to america with azelma to become a wealthy slave trader. like, i know that was the entire point and it was absolutely supposed to upset the reader, but yeah.

so i was thinking, since he clearly has no sense of ethics or morals whatsoever, he could just as easily be a gilded age robber baron, right? im drawing much of my inspiration from the vanderbilts, though there are elements of other notable gilded age figures here. (i am doing legit research for this fic, y'all. like, i downloaded a bunch of nonfiction books on the gilded age just for this fic. there will be honest attempts at historical accuracy because i do so love the aesthetics of this particular time period and the gilded age was such a batshit fucking time that making it historically accurate would really just enhance the story.)

the thénardiers hail from new orleans, of french descent from thénardier's side and mixed moroccan heritage from mme. t's side. when éponine and azelma are born in 1873 and 1874 respectively, they're still barely scraping by, never with enough to eat, although thénardier is slowly working his way up. around the time éponine's ten years old, things start looking up and thénardier begins to amass an obscene fortune in railroads and they practically go from rags to riches overnight. and so they move to new york in 1886, where they build a fucking palatial château style mansion on fifth avenue.

so gavroche and the two youngest thénardier boys (i have named them laurent and alphonse here) don't really remember a time before they had a consistent three full meals a day, but azelma and especially éponine do. despite her parents' disapproval, she makes a point to treat the staff as her equals since not too long ago they were practically in the same financial situation. so all the kids have varying degrees of guilt regarding the means through which their father accumulated their wealth, but éponine especially so.

her mother does everything she can to mould éponine into a perfect society lady. (her methods include forcing her to wear a steel rod with her corset for good posture, whipping her with a riding crop for minor misdemeanours, choosing all of her clothes for her, and deciding whom she is and isn't allowed to interact with, to name a few.) she's determined to break into new york high society and show up all of those old money snobs, and éponine is key to her plans. unfortunately for mme. t, éponine resists.

meanwhile, across the pond, the european aristocracy isn't looking so hot. their estates are failing to rake in money and they're becoming destitute, but of course they refuse to do the logical thing and get some real damn jobs. and so they turn to marrying heiresses for their dowries. after being turned down by old money circles, new money american heiresses invaded europe, because a title would finally force the old society to acknowledge them.

by this point, of course, france was in its third republic, so the aristocracy didn't really hold any real power anymore. a lot of them became patrons of the arts (like raoul de chagny in poto or the duc de monroth in moulin rouge, lol). the belle époque was a relatively peaceful and romantic time. (at least that's how people looked back at it after wwi. nostalgia tinted glasses and all that, yk.)

gabriel maximilien henri étienne sébastien d'enjolras was born in 1864 and only six years old upon the fall of the second empire in the franco prussian war, so for the majority of his life, all he's known is the republic. being the only son and heir of the duc and duchesse de valère, he uses the courtesy title of marquis d'enjolras, but he goes by just enjolras because he couldn't really care less about titles and also to annoy his father. while enjolras wholeheartedly supports the republic and begins to take an interest in socialism upon moving to paris in in 1882 for university and befriending les amis (still on the fence about whether or not they'll actually go by "les amis de l'abc" in this au, so i will just refer to them here as the boys), his father pines away for the "glory days" of the second empire.

with a château in provence and a paris townhouse as well as a villa on the riviera, it takes quite a lot of money to maintain their estates, which is becoming a problem considering the dukedom's money is dwindling. enjolras would get a proper job if his father hadn't forbidden him to do so. upon seeing the influx of american heiresses in europe, the duke concocts a plan to marry enjolras off to one of them.

in 1889, when éponine is 16, the thénardiers sail to europe on their yacht and she makes her society debut in paris, hosted by none other than the duc and duchesse de valère themselves. enjolras is still in the dark about his father's plans when the duke and mme. t discuss a match between him and éponine. before sailing home to new york, mme. t orders éponine a wedding dress from the house of worth despite her and enjolras having only met exactly once.

when the duke informs enjolras of his plans, he initially resists but eventually gives in, and just a year later in 1890, he and his parents arrive in new york to work out the marriage settlement and such. éponine, being only 17, revolts in such a way that it makes enjolras' initial opposition look positively agreeable. her mother is determined to see her daughter a duchess but honestly for the most part she just wants to foist her on someone else so she finally wouldn't have to deal with her anymore, with how difficult she behaves. it takes her threatening suicide for éponine to acquiesce.

the wedding garners a lot of attention because in the olden days high society was celebrity culture, before the age of film stars and the like. people gather outside the church for the chance to catch a glimpse of the proceedings. that morning, éponine has an angry crying fit about practically being sold off and ends up being late to the wedding. when her father gives her away at the altar, she stomps on his foot under her dress.

that night, neither of them are very eager to go through with the consummation, so they decide to fake it with a few drops of wine on the sheets. nobody is none the wiser and a week later they sail to france. enjolras feels a bit guilty about taking her away from the only home she's known. once in paris, he allows her to do as she pleases, saying she can have her own affairs provided she remains discreet. she doesn't do exactly that, but she does become a patroness of the arts and befriends opera singers and ballet girls and eventually she also becomes a suffragette and socialist.

and we get to the part where i only have the vaguest idea of what will happen 🥴 all i know is that they will gradually fall in love, obviously. though i don't have the slightest idea yet how i'll go about that. i've never written arranged marriage to friends to lovers, nor have i read any fic in that vein. but they WILL fall in love!! and they will have seven children in all. happily ever after!

im choosing to set much of this story during the 1890s because i just adore the giant poofy sleeves that were in fashion then, and i think it could serve as a nice homage to the canon era fashions of the 1830s lol.

put “📓” or some other version of a book emoji into my inbox and i’ll explain the plot of a fanfiction that i haven’t written but daydream about

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.2 (before 1940)

44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his Philippicae (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them over the following months. 31 BC – Final War of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium: Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra. 1192 – The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Richard I of England and Saladin, leading to the end of the Third Crusade. 1561 – Entry of Mary, Queen of Scots into Edinburgh, a spectacular civic celebration for the Queen of Scotland, marred by religious controversy. 1649 – The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro. 1666 – The Great Fire of London breaks out and burns for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings, including Old St Paul's Cathedral. 1752 – Great Britain, along with its overseas possessions, adopts the Gregorian calendar. 1789 – The United States Department of the Treasury is founded. 1792 – During what became known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers. 1806 – A massive landslide destroys the town of Goldau, Switzerland, killing 457. 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon. 1856 – The Tianjing incident takes place in Nanjing, China. 1859 – The Carrington Event is the strongest geomagnetic storm on record. 1862 – American Civil War: United States President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run. 1864 – American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign. 1867 – Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō, thereafter known as Empress Shōken. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan: Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner. 1885 – Rock Springs massacre: In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners, who are struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their Chinese fellow workers killing 28, wounding 15 and forcing several hundred more out of town. 1898 – Battle of Omdurman: British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan. 1901 – Vice President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt utters the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a big stick" at the Minnesota State Fair. 1912 – Arthur Rose Eldred is awarded the first Eagle Scout award of the Boy Scouts of America. 1923 – Kantō Massacre: Amid rumors that Koreans had been conducting acts of sabotage in the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, lynch mobs of Japanese begin massacring thousands of civilians over the course of several weeks, mainly ethnic minorities such as Koreans and Chinese. 1935 – The Labor Day Hurricane, the most intense hurricane to strike the United States, makes landfall at Long Key, Florida, killing at least 400. 1939 – World War II: Following the start of the invasion of Poland the previous day, the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) is annexed by Nazi Germany.