#graphics_processing_unit

[phonemantra-blog]

RTX 3060 is in the lead, but only by a small margin Valve once again messed up something in its Steam statistics and now it had to fix it.  Last month we said that the share of the RTX 3060 increased one and a half times over the month , reaching almost 10%, and this is a huge indicator of both growth and absolute numbers. Now another month has passed, and the share of the RTX 3060 has sharply dropped to 5.04%, falling below the September figure. This has already happened with Steam statistics, some attribute it to some kind of correction due to data from China, but now the RTX 3060 figure looks more plausible.   [caption id="attachment_85263" align="aligncenter" width="756"] GeForce RTX 3060[/caption] GeForce RTX 3060 is not that popular at all. At the same time, the share of the GTX 1650 increased by 1.13 percentage points, which is a lot. The card is installed on 4.76% of all Steam players. The third place with a share of 4.32% is occupied by the GTX 1060.   In general, the performance of many adapters has been adjusted. For example, the share of the RTX 4060 decreased from 1.749% to 0.83%.  Similar changes have occurred with processors. The sharp jump in Intel's share a month ago apparently was some kind of mistake, so everything was corrected, and now Intel occupies 66.08%, and AMD has 33.88%.

[technologitouch]

How To Know If Macbook Has Dedicated Laptop GPU? Full Guide

[simplificationstationus-blog]

PC components.

Introduction

Are you new to computers? Are you wanting to build your own PC but don’t know what components there are and what they do? Do you want to learn more about computer components? If you said yes to any of those questions then this blog post is for you.

Motherboard

A motherboard is the main component to any PC. Without the motherboard PC’s wouldn't be able to function. Not even that most technology wouldn’t be able function due to the fact that motherboards are incorporated in most if not all modern technology. Your modern flat screen TV even has a motherboard! 

So what is a motherboard? A motherboard is a a fibreglass board with copper track patterns all over it to connect the computers components together via the circuitry of the board. This board is a multi layered board with copper wires inside of it to get rid of excessive wires that may be needed inside of the PC otherwise. 

A motherboard commonly has the following:

CPU socket

copper wiring 

RAM slots

PCI express slots

CPU heatsink and fan mount 

connectors for integrated peripherals 

So what is the motherboards job?

The motherboards job is to make sure that all the components of the PC are connected and are able to communicate with each other. The motherboard does this by having sockets for the components to be put in to. The copper wiring is the component of the motherboard that connects these together. This allows the components to communicate with each other for the tasks that a computer needs to do.

Not sure what a motherboard looks like? Still need more information on motherboards? Here are some links.

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=motherboard&dcr=0&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE75PVh7XaAhUoKMAKHcrTCWcQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=588

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard

https://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1CHWA_en-GBGB616GB616&tbm=isch&q=anatomy+of+a+motherboard&chips=q:anatomy+of+a+motherboard,g_1:labeled&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRvduai7XaAhWXOsAKHUpxCH4Q4lYIKCgA&biw=1366&bih=588&dpr=1#imgrc=-yTSyTaqrOGypM:

CPU (Central processing unit)

The CPU or central processing unit is the brain of the computer. The CPU is the component that tells the computer what to do, how to do it and how to do it in the most efficient way. The CPU is a a very complex small circuitry board. The CPU is sort of like the motherboard in the way it is made with copper wiring but down to a minuscule effect. The CPU has complex copper wiring that allows the CPU to carry data across the processor. The CPU has very specific pathways for its copper wiring due to the computer science of ION’s. This changes the way the CPU conducts electricity.

Cores!

So you may be thinking to yourself “what are cores when it comes to a CPU? are more cores better or does it not change anything?”. Well cores are parts of the CPU that handle the workload of your PC. For example imagine a really hard maths calculation. A one core CPU would be doing all of the calculation in one go, whereas a dual core (two core) CPU would be assigning one part of the calculation to one core and another part to the other core. So essentially the more cores the more powerful your CPU therefore the better your PC will be at handling the tasks thrown at it. However having a powerful CPU doesn’t mean you can run any program that requires a lot of CPU power. If your RAM is lacking your CPU wont be able to incorporate its power. So if you’re wanting to get all out of your CPU’s power you are going to need the RAM to back it up. 

Not sure what a CPU looks like? Still need more information on CPU’s? Here are some links.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLSPub4ydiM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3I5WNHbnJ0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=CPU&dcr=0&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_3cqulbXaAhXrAMAKHdAnCN0Q_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=588#imgrc=_

RAM (Random access memory)

RAM is the component on the PC that stores memory for a temporary amount of time. Without ram you wouldn’t be able to run applications or even have a task bar on your PC. The CPU cant perform any actions without having the RAM’s memory to access. The CPU utilises the memory of the RAM to perform any type of action.

Not sure what the RAM looks like? Still need more information on RAM? Here are some links.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ram.htm

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=Ram&rlz=1C1CHWA_en-GBGB616GB616&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwieraupr7XaAhVVFMAKHfYVDhcQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=637

GPU (Graphics processing unit)

Now if you’re a gamer this one is going to be important to you. The purpose of the GPU is to take the workload off of a CPU. What you may understand as a GPU is going to be a graphics card. But the card itself as a component isn’t the GPU, there is a chip inside of the graphics card that is the GPU. The GPU takes on the same operations as the CPU. The GPU does process 2D data but also takes on the role of rendering 3D data like animations and video. The better the graphics card the better the resolution and faster and smoother a game is going to feel.

Not sure what a GPU looks like? Still need more information on GPU’s? Here are some links.

https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/43886/gpu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=GPU&rlz=1C1CHWA_en-GBGB616GB616&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIu7jJr7XaAhULI8AKHWvlAv4Q_AUIDCgD&biw=1366&bih=637

 Hard drive

The hard drive is one of the most essential components of a PC. The reason for this is because the hard drive is the component that stores all of the data. For example the browser you’re using is stored on the your hard drive. Or if you are using a phone to view this it is stored in the internal storage. The hard drive is the component that stores quite literally all the data you have from saved documents to applications to video games. 

Here are the types of data. (Left is the smallest and right is biggest) 

bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes  

Not sure what a hard drive looks like? Still need more information on hard drive’s? Here are some links. 

https://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1CHWA_en-GBGB616GB616&biw=1366&bih=637&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=QKbPWrWaAuyMgAaq4KLYBw&q=hard+drive&oq=hard&gs_l=psy-ab.3.0.0i67k1j0l4j0i67k1j0l4.16866.18024.0.20533.8.6.2.0.0.0.128.482.5j1.6.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.8.501...0i10k1.0.vTcV0RdQKaM

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive

Power supply

This is one of the basic but dangerous components to your PC. The power supply is the component that is connected to certain components via wires. Without the power supply your PC wouldn’t be able to power on. The power supply is the component that sends power all across your PC.  

Not sure what a power supply looks like? Still need more information on power supply's? Here are some links.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=power+supply&rlz=1C1CHWA_en-GBGB616GB616&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYvoaQsLXaAhVlKcAKHZ6RBwUQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=637

[phonemantra-blog]

So far only Radeon RX 460 You can connect a full desktop discrete graphics card   to a Raspberry Pi 5 single board computer for $60. [caption id="attachment_85125" align="aligncenter" width="780"] GeForce RTX 4090 to Raspberry Pi 5[/caption] This is exactly what channel author Jeff Geerling implemented by connecting a Radeon RX 460 adapter to his Pi 5. And it all worked. True, achieving this is not so easy. Of course, the Raspberry Pi 5 itself does not have a PCIe slot, and indeed there are no classic slots at all. But since this is a Raspberry Pi, its capabilities can be expanded with various modules, adapters, and other things. That is, you can even connect a GeForce RTX 4090 to Raspberry Pi 5? To connect the video card, the author of the project used the uPCity module, which is not yet commercially available, but will appear in time. In addition, of course, the card needed to implement additional power. https://youtu.be/BLg-1w2QayU It’s difficult to say whether someone needs such a solution for practical purposes, since the Raspberry Pi 5 was created for experiments, but the ability to connect a discrete video card in itself is already a big plus.

[phonemantra-blog]

But the configuration can be changed The GeForce RTX 4090 D (Dragon) video card , which will be created specifically for the Chinese market and will not be subject to US sanctions, will receive the same GPU as the current version.  [caption id="attachment_85108" align="aligncenter" width="600"] GeForce RTX 4090 D[/caption] GeForce RTX 4090 D (Dragon) will retain the same AD102 GPU as the original model According to insider MEGAsizeGPU, it will be AD102, but in a different version. If the RTX 4090 initially used the AD102-300, which was then replaced by the AD102-301, then the new product will receive the AD102-250. Typically Nvidia changes the index number depending on the number of changes. That is, AD102-250 will be noticeably different from AD102-300/301. Unfortunately, it is still unclear what exactly.  Let us remember that the sanctions mean that the GeForce RTX 4090 D (Dragon) should have performance below 4800 TOPS, but this is an aggregate figure for different modes. Nvidia can reduce this figure in various ways, including cutting the core and reducing frequencies.  Insider MEGAsizeGPU previously spoke about the launch of the RTX 4060 and RTX 4060 Ti before the announcement, as well as the timing of these models entering the market. 

[phonemantra-blog]

Jensen Huang expressed commitment to the Chinese market Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang believes that the United States is still far from independence in the semiconductor manufacturing market. [caption id="attachment_85069" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Nvidia[/caption] According to Huang, it will be another 10 to 20 years before the United States stops being dependent on Taiwanese and Chinese chip makers. Of course, this is provided that all these years the country’s course will be aimed at getting rid of this very dependence. The head of Nvidia thinks so The United States has been working for quite some time to open chip production factories within the country, but it cannot be said that very many of these factories have already been built there. Huang also noted that, despite US sanctions, Nvidia will continue to work with the Chinese market, as it is simply the largest. Let us remind you that yesterday it became known that instead of the banned RTX 4090, the company will create GeForce RTX 4090 D (Dragon) especially for China .

[phonemantra-blog]

Many cards are created from used adapters In China, a full-fledged hunt has begun for video cards that can at least somehow be turned into accelerators for AI. We have already talked about redesigning the RTX 4090 and RTX 3090 , but the Chinese went further and began to add memory to even less powerful adapters.  [caption id="attachment_84870" align="aligncenter" width="780"] RTX 3080 20GB and Radeon RX 580[/caption] The companies involved began creating versions of 3D maps that had never been released. For example, GeForce RTX 3080 with 20 GB of memory and even Radeon RX 580 with 16 GB. The second one by modern standards and especially by the standards of accelerators for AI is very weak, but in some scenarios it is not performance that is more important, but the amount of memory. RTX 3080 20GB and Radeon RX 580 16GB have already been created  [caption id="attachment_84871" align="aligncenter" width="780"] RTX 3080 20GB and Radeon RX 580[/caption] Moreover, at least in the case of the RX 580, of course, we are talking about modifying far from new adapters. It is reported that many of the cards that are now getting new life were previously involved in mining. Moreover, interestingly, companies engaged in such production provide a two-year warranty on such adapters. Apparently, the demand is such that overall sales more than cover the risks of failure of devices that are no longer new.

[phonemantra-blog]

In monetary terms Nvidia is today's largest semiconductor manufacturer based on revenue and profit. We already talked about this the other day, and now another visual graph has appeared demonstrating the rapid success of the company.  [caption id="attachment_84806" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Nvidia[/caption] This is a graph of the revenue of data center chip companies. As you can see, Nvidia became the first here too, with a huge gap from its competitors, and the turning point occurred only at the beginning of this year.  Nvidia is turning into a monster. Before this, for several years (actually much longer, this data is just not on the graph), the leader was Intel, which accounted for 45% to 60% of revenue or more. At the same time, Intel's share gradually decreased, while the shares of Nvidia and AMD, on the contrary, grew. However, in 2023, due to the AI ​​boom, Nvidia's share rose sharply, while the shares of AMD and Intel fell sharply. This does not mean that companies began to earn less - AMD is actively increasing sales of server CPUs, but Nvidia's growth is so great that the shares of AMD and Intel have actually decreased.   [caption id="attachment_84807" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Nvidia[/caption] Today we already said that in the last quarter alone, Nvidia sold about half a million H100 and A100 accelerators  and sales will only grow in the near future.  

[phonemantra-blog]

The largest customers bought 150,000 H100 adapters each In recent months, we've seen a lot of news about how Nvidia is selling its AI accelerators left and right, especially the most powerful H100. But only now has it become known how many of these adapters were actually sold. [caption id="attachment_84778" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Nvidia[/caption] According to Omdia, Nvidia managed to sell almost half a million H100 and A100 accelerators in the third quarter alone. There is no data on the sales ratio of these models, but probably the main emphasis now is on the H100. Nvidia sells half a million H100 and A100 accelerators per quarter In the current quarter, analysts expect that Nvidia will be able to sell more than half a million of these accelerators. If you look at the chart only for the H100, you can see that by the end of the entire current year, Nvidia is expected to supply about 650,000 of these adapters to its largest customers alone. [caption id="attachment_84779" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Nvidia[/caption] Moreover, the demand is so great that now the waiting time for deliveries reaches 52 weeks, that is, a whole year! You can also see that the largest buyers of the H100 are Microsoft and Meta*, each of which purchased approximately three times as many accelerators as its closest competitors such as Google, Amazon, Oracle and Tencent. * The Meta company is recognized as extremist in Russia and is banned.

[phonemantra-blog]

In games the situation should be slightly different The Radeon RX 7900M mobile video card, which is AMD's only top mobile solution, managed to outperform the mobile GeForce RTX 4090 Laptop in the first test. [caption id="attachment_82812" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Radeon RX 7900M[/caption] Unfortunately, this is not a game, but a Geekbench Vulkan benchmark. The new product scored more than 171,000 points, while the Nvidia flagship shows a result of about 157,000 points. There is no point in directly projecting these results onto games. But it’s still worth noting that if we compare the desktop RX 7900 XTX and RTX 4090, the latter is still faster, although not as much as in 4K games. So, perhaps, in reality, the Radeon RX 7900M will be close to the RTX 4090 Laptop in gaming tasks. Radeon RX 7900M managed to significantly outperform the GeForce RTX 4090 Laptop [caption id="attachment_82815" align="aligncenter" width="646"] Radeon RX 7900M[/caption] If we talk about the OpenCL test, here, on the contrary, the Nvidia flagship is much faster: almost 190,000 points versus almost 159,000 points. However, if we look again at the comparison of desktop adapters, in this test the RX 7900 XTX, which in reality is usually a little faster than the RTX 4080, is inferior even to the RTX 4070 Ti, so the OpenCL result cannot exactly be transferred to games.

[phonemantra-blog]

This is about the same level as the Radeon 780M Intel Meteor Lake processors can take away the title of the most powerful iGPU in the segment from the Ryzen 7000. We heard this from various sources, and now we can try to confirm or refute it, based on the first tests. [caption id="attachment_82740" align="aligncenter" width="780"] GTX 1650 Ti[/caption] The Core Ultra 7 155H processor containing the top-end iGpU with 8 Xe cores has been tested on Geekbench. This is far from the best GPU test, but it's worth remembering that the graphics core in Meteor Lake is based on the same architecture as the current Arc Alchemist graphics cards. And these are opportunities for a more interesting comparison. Not even close to the GTX 1650 Ti yet. [caption id="attachment_82741" align="aligncenter" width="780"] GTX 1650 Ti[/caption] So, the new CPU scores 27,249 points in the OpenCL test. It is most correct to compare with Intel Arc, and here we can note that the mobile Arc A350M scores 26,580 points, that is, almost the same. If we try to find any comparisons of the participants we are interested in, it turns out that the Radeon 780M is approximately at the same level. Yes, specifically in OpenCL it is much faster, but in games it is about the same as the Arc A350M. So, it's not even clear yet whether the Meteor Lake iGPU will be able to beat the Radeon 780M, let alone beat the GTX 1650 Ti and get closer to the 35W RTX 3050 Laptop, as some leaks have claimed. However, full-fledged tests will put everything in its place.

[phonemantra-blog]

In the server segment, AMD already occupies almost a quarter of the market AMD has significantly increased its share in the processor market, according to recent statistics from Mercury Research. [caption id="attachment_81293" align="aligncenter" width="728"] AMD[/caption] At the moment, AMD already occupies 19.4% of the entire CPU market. A year ago, the company’s share was 15%, and a quarter ago – 17.3%, that is, the growth is very significant. AMD is not going to ease the pressure on Intel. The biggest impact on the overall share comes from the server segment, where AMD has surged beyond its 20 percent share. The company now holds 23.3% compared to 17.5% a year earlier! Let us remember that several years ago Intel said that its goal was to prevent AMD from occupying 10-15% of the server market. As you can see, AMD has already more than doubled the lower limit of this range. [caption id="attachment_81294" align="aligncenter" width="780"] AMD[/caption] In the desktop CPU market, everything is also very good: growth from 13.9% to 19.2%, although in quarterly terms there is a slight decline, since in the second quarter AMD’s share was 19.4%. As for mobile processors, there is also growth, and also excellent: from 15.7% to 19.5%. We also note that in monetary terms, AMD as a whole occupies 16.9% of the market, but in the server segment it is already almost 30%!

[phonemantra-blog]

It's unclear exactly which CPUs Naver uses Over the past year, Nvidia has become the undisputed leader in the artificial intelligence accelerator market. However, it is not the only one present in this market. Naver has reportedly replaced Nvidia accelerators with similar Intel solutions. [caption id="attachment_78879" align="aligncenter" width="600"] Nvidia GPU to Intel CPU[/caption] Korean company Naver switched from Nvidia GPU to Intel CPU for its artificial intelligence server Naver previously used an Nvidia GPU-based server, but has now replaced it with an Intel-based server. Naver is the largest Internet portal and the most popular search engine in South Korea. In this case, we are talking about a server that is responsible for the AI ​​for the Naver Place mapping service. Global information technology companies are reportedly becoming increasingly frustrated with rising prices for Nvidia GPUs and a global shortage of such GPUs. Analysts say the deal between Naver and Intel will likely reduce Nvidia's influence in the artificial intelligence processor market. Before putting the new server into operation, Naver tested it for about a month to understand whether, in general, Intel CPUs could compete with Nvidia GPUs in the tasks the company needed. Of course, there are no details about this, but since the deal was concluded, it means Naver were satisfied with the results. Additionally, the company says it will likely continue to use Intel's next-generation processors, such as Sapphire Rapids, to upgrade its system.

[phonemantra-blog]

The company may release a special version of the RTX 4090 for China with performance limitations Nvidia is ramping up shipments of GeForce RTX 4090 GPUs to China ahead of the ban, which comes into force on November 17th. [caption id="attachment_78169" align="aligncenter" width="780"] RTX 4090 GPU[/caption] Nvidia ramps up RTX 4090 GPU shipments to China ahead of supply ban According to MyDrivers, several video card manufacturers have confirmed that the RTX 4090 series will be completely banned from sales in China after November 17. It is advisable for every supplier to purchase and preserve them while they are still available. It is reported that in order to sell more adapters before the ban, various graphics card brands are increasing the supply of RTX 4090. Benchlife resource claims the same. Interestingly, since the new US sanctions rely on performance metrics (4800 TOPS for AI), Nvidia believes it can circumvent the ban by limiting the corresponding performance of the RTX 4090 at the BIOS level. Much the same as it was done during the mining boom.

[phonemantra-blog]

There is a place in the lineup for them Yesterday the Internet started talking again about GeForce RTX 40 Super video cards, and now the characteristics of one of the models have appeared.  [caption id="attachment_71729" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Nvidia[/caption] The RTX 4070 Super, according to insider MEGAsizeGPU, will receive an AD103 GPU and 16 GB of memory with a 256-bit bus. This means that the new product will offer more memory than the RTX 4070 and RTX 4070 Ti, which, we recall, have 12 GB each. In addition, the use of the AD103 GPU hints that the RTX 4070 Super will be a step above the RTX 4070 Ti since the latter is based on the smaller AD104.   Nvidia is preparing two new video cards The insider also says that Nvidia may release a simplified version of the RTX 4070, which will use GDDR6 instead of GDDR6X memory, that is, the memory frequency will be lower. Whether there will be any other differences is still unclear, but such a model will close a rather large hole in terms of performance between the RTX 4070 and RTX 4060 Ti. True, let us remind you that the first costs $600, and the second in the 16 GB version costs $500, so it is not very clear how much a simplified RTX 4070 could cost so as not to destroy sales of the RTX 4060 Ti 16GB.  Insider MEGAsizeGPU previously spoke about the launch of the RTX 4060 and RTX 4060 Ti before the announcement, as well as the release dates for these models.

[phonemantra-blog]

But she continues testing her new adapters Fresh US sanctions affected not only the supply of various GPUs to China. Also on the American blacklist were some Chinese companies, including Moore Threads, which is known for its video cards. There is no exact data, but usually being blacklisted means that a company on it loses access to modern technical processes, since semiconductor manufacturers are prohibited from producing products for such companies. However, for now, Moore Threads does not despair and is preparing for the release of its new video cards.  [caption id="attachment_71704" align="aligncenter" width="780"] video cards[/caption] Are we expecting powerful Chinese video cards shortly? The company is already testing the MTT S90 model for consumer PCs and the MTT S4000 accelerator for data centers. The devices have device IDs 0301 and 0323 respectively, which may indicate they are 3rd generation Moore Threads GPUs.    Their characteristics are not yet available, but we can recall that the same MTT S80, although it cannot boast of high performance, is equipped with 16 GB of memory and offers a PCIe 5.0 interface and a GPU with 4096 ALU units. Current graphics cores for Moore Threads are produced by TSMC using the 7 nm process technology. If sanctions do mean the end of the two companies' collaboration, Moore Threads will have one option in the form of SMIC with its acclaimed 7nm process technology.