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anheliotrope · 6 months ago

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Rambling About C# Being Alright

I think C# is an alright language. This is one of the highest distinctions I can give to a language.

Warning: This post is verbose and rambly and probably only good at telling you why someone might like C# and not much else.

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There's something I hate about every other language. Worst, there's things I hate about other languages that I know will never get better. Even worse, some of those things ALSO feel like unforced errors.

With C# there's a few things I dislike or that are missing. C#'s feature set does not obviously excel at anything, but it avoids making any huge misstep in things I care about. Nothing in C# makes me feel like the language designer has personally harmed me.

C# is a very tolerable language.

C# is multi-paradigm.

C# is the Full Middle Malcomist language.

C# will try to not hurt you.

A good way to describe C# is "what if Java sucked less". This, of course, already sounds unappealing to many, but that's alright. I'm not trying to gas it up too much here.

C# has sins, but let's try to put them into some context here and perhaps the reason why I'm posting will become more obvious:

C# didn't try to avoid generics and then implement them in a way that is very limiting (cough Go).

C# doesn't hamstring your ability to have statement lambdas because the language designer dislikes them and also because the language designer decided to have semantic whitespace making statement lambdas harder to deal with (cough Python).

C# doesn't require you to explicitly wrap value types into reference types so you can put value types into collections (cough Java).

C# doesn't ruin your ability to interact with memory efficiently because it forbids you from creating custom value types, ergo everything goes to the heap (cough cough Java, Minecraft).

C# doesn't have insane implicit type coercions that have become the subject of language design comedy (cough JavaScript).

C# doesn't keep privacy accessors as a suggestion and has the developers pinkie swear about it instead of actually enforcing it (cough cough Python).

Plainly put, a lot of the time I find C# to be alright by process of elimination. I'm not trying to shit on your favorite language. Everyone has different things they find tolerable. I have the Buddha nature so I wish for all things to find their tolerable language.

I do also think that C# is notable for being a mainstream language (aka not Haskell) that has a smaller amount of egregious mistakes, quirks and Faustian bargains.

The Typerrrrr

C# is statically typed, but the typing is largely effortless to navigate unlike something like Rust, and the GC gives a greater degree of safety than something like C++.

Of course, the typing being easy to work it also makes it less safe than Rust. But this is an appropriate trade-off for certain kinds of applications, especially considering that C# is memory safe by virtue of running on a VM. Don't come at me, I'm a Rust respecter!!

You know how some people talk about Python being amazing for prototyping? That's how I feel about C#. No matter how much time I would dedicate to Python, C# would still be a more productive language for me. The type system would genuinely make me faster for the vast majority of cases. Of course Python has gradual typing now, so any comparison gets more difficult when you consider that. But what I'm trying to say is that I never understood the idea that doing away entirely with static typing is good for fast iteration.

Also yes, C# can be used as a repl. Leave me alone with your repls. Also, while the debugger is active you can also evaluate arbitrary code within the current scope.

I think that going full dynamic typing is a mistake in almost every situation. The fact that C# doesn't do that already puts it above other languages for me. This stance on typing is controversial, but it's my opinion that is really shouldn't be. And the wind has constantly been blowing towards adding gradual typing to dynamic languages.

The modest typing capabilities C# coupled with OOP and inheritance lets you create pretty awful OOP slop. But that's whatever. At work we use inheritance in very few places where it results in neat code reuse, and then it's just mostly interfaces getting implemented.

C#'s typing and generic system is powerful enough to offer you a plethora of super-ergonomic collection transformation methods via the LINQ library. There's a lot of functional-style programming you can do with that. You know, map, filter, reduce, that stuff?

Even if you make a completely new collection type, if it implements IEnumerable<T> it will benefit from LINQ automatically. Every language these days has something like this, but it's so ridiculously easy to use in C#. Coupled with how C# lets you (1) easily define immutable data types, (2) explicitly control access to struct or class members, (3) do pattern matching, you can end up with code that flows really well.

A Friendly Kitchen Sink

Some people have described C#'s feature set as bloated. It is getting some syntactic diversity which makes it a bit harder to read someone else's code. But it doesn't make C# harder to learn, since it takes roughly the same amount of effort to get to a point where you can be effective in it.

Most of the more specific features can be effortlessly ignored. The ones that can't be effortlessly ignored tend to bring something genuinely useful to the language -- such as tuples and destructuring. Tuples have their own syntax, the syntax is pretty intuitive, but the first time you run into it, you will have to do a bit of learning.

C# has an immense amount of small features meant to make the language more ergonomic. They're too numerous to mention and they just keep getting added.

I'd like to draw attention to some features not because they're the most important but rather because it feels like they communicate the "personality" of C#. Not sure what level of detail was appropriate, so feel free to skim.

Stricter Null Handling. If you think not having to explicitly deal with null is the billion dollar mistake, then C# tries to fix a bit of the problem by allowing you to enable a strict context where you have to explicitly tell it that something can be null, otherwise it will assume that the possibility of a reference type being null is an error. It's a bit more complicated than that, but it definitely helps with safety around nullability.

Default Interface Implementation. A problem in C# which drives usage of inheritance is that with just interfaces there is no way to reuse code outside of passing function pointers. A lot of people don't get this and think that inheritance is just used because other people are stupid or something. If you have a couple of methods that would be implemented exactly the same for classes 1 through 99, but somewhat differently for classes 100 through 110, then without inheritance you're fucked. A much better way would be Rust's trait system, but for that to work you need really powerful generics, so it's too different of a path for C# to trod it. Instead what C# did was make it so that you can write an implementation for methods declared in an interface, as long as that implementation only uses members defined in the interface (this makes sense, why would it have access to anything else?). So now you can have a default implementation for the 1 through 99 case and save some of your sanity. Of course, it's not a panacea, if the implementation of the method requires access to the internal state of the 1 through 99 case, default interface implementation won't save you. But it can still make it easier via some techniques I won't get into. The important part is that default interface implementation allows code reuse and reduces reasons to use inheritance.

Performance Optimization. C# has a plethora of features regarding that. Most of which will never be encountered by the average programmer. Examples: (1) stackalloc - forcibly allocate reference types to the stack if you know they won't outlive the current scope. (2) Specialized APIs for avoiding memory allocations in happy paths. (3) Lazy initialization APIs. (4) APIs for dealing with memory more directly that allow high performance when interoping with C/C++ while still keeping a degree of safety.

Fine Control Over Async Runtime. C# lets you write your own... async builder and scheduler? It's a bit esoteric and hard to describe. But basically all the functionality of async/await that does magic under the hood? You can override that magic to do some very specific things that you'll rarely need. Unity3D takes advantage of this in order to allow async/await to work on WASM even though it is a single-threaded environment. It implements a cooperative scheduler so the program doesn't immediately freeze the moment you do await in a single-threaded environment. Most people don't know this capability exists and it doesn't affect them.

Tremendous Amount Of Synchronization Primitives and API. This ones does actually make multithreaded code harder to deal with, but basically C# erred a lot in favor of having many different ways to do multithreading because they wanted to suit different usecases. Most people just deal with idiomatic async/await code, but a very small minority of C# coders deal with locks, atomics, semaphores, mutex, monitors, interlocked, spin waiting etc. They knew they couldn't make this shit safe, so they tried to at least let you have ready-made options for your specific use case, even if it causes some balkanization.

Shortly Begging For Tagged Unions

What I miss from C# is more powerful generic bounds/constraints and tagged unions (or sum types or discriminated unions or type unions or any of the other 5 names this concept has).

The generic constraints you can use in C# are anemic and combined with the lack of tagged unions this is rather painful at times.

I remember seeing Microsoft devs saying they don't see enough of a usecase for tagged unions. I've at times wanted to strangle certain people. These two facts are related to one another.

My stance is that if you think your language doesn't need or benefit from tagged unions, either your language is very weird, or, more likely you're out of your goddamn mind. You are making me do really stupid things every time I need to represent a structure that can EITHER have a value of type A or a value of type B.

But I think C# will eventually get tagged unions. There's a proposal for it here. I would be overjoyed if it got implemented. It seems like it's been getting traction.

Also there was an entire section on unchecked exceptions that I removed because it wasn't interesting enough. Yes, C# could probably have checked exceptions and it didn't and it's a mistake. But ultimately it doesn't seem to have caused any make-or-break in a comparison with Java, which has them. They'd all be better off with returning an Error<T>. Short story is that the consequences of unchecked exceptions have been highly tolerable in practice.

Ecosystem State & FOSSness

C# is better than ever and the tooling ecosystem is better than ever. This is true of almost every language, but I think C# receives a rather high amount of improvements per version. Additionally the FOSS story is at its peak.

Roslyn, the bedrock of the toolchain, the compiler and analysis provider, is under MIT license. The fact that it does analysis as well is important, because this means you can use the wealth of Roslyn analyzers to do linting.

If your FOSS tooling lets you compile but you don't get any checking as you type, then your development experience is wildly substandard.

A lot of stupid crap with cross-platform compilation that used to be confusing or difficult is now rather easy to deal with. It's basically as easy as (1) use NET Core, (2) tell dotnet to build for Linux. These steps take no extra effort and the first step is the default way to write C# these days.

Dotnet is part of the SDK and contains functionality to create NET Core projects and to use other tools to build said projects. Dotnet is published under MIT, because the whole SDK and runtime are published under MIT.

Yes, the debugger situation is still bad -- there's no FOSS option for it, but this is more because nobody cares enough to go and solve it. Jetbrains proved anyone can do it if they have enough development time, since they wrote a debugger from scratch for their proprietary C# IDE Rider.

Where C# falls flat on its face is the "userspace" ecosystem. Plainly put, because C# is a Microsoft product, people with FOSS inclinations have steered clear of it to such a degree that the packages you have available are not even 10% of what packages a Python user has available, for example. People with FOSS inclinations are generally the people who write packages for your language!!

I guess if you really really hate leftpad, you might think this is a small bonus though.

Where-in I talk about Cross-Platform

The biggest thing the ecosystem has been lacking for me is a package, preferably FOSS, for developing cross-platform applications. Even if it's just cross-platform desktop applications.

Like yes, you can build C# to many platforms, no sweat. The same way you can build Rust to many platforms, some sweat. But if you can't show a good GUI on Linux, then it's not practically-speaking cross-platform for that purpose.

Microsoft has repeatedly done GUI stuff that, predictably, only works on Windows. And yes, Linux desktop is like 4%, but that 4% contains >50% of the people who create packages for your language's ecosystem, almost the exact point I made earlier. If a developer runs Linux and they can't have their app run on Linux, they are not going to touch your language with a ten foot pole for that purpose. I think this largely explains why C#'s ecosystem feels stunted.

The thing is, I'm not actually sure how bad or good the situation is, since most people just don't even try using C# for this usecase. There's a general... ecosystem malaise where few care to use the language for this, chiefly because of the tone that Microsoft set a decade ago. It's sad.

HOWEVER.

Avalonia, A New Hope?

Today we have Avalonia. Avalonia is an open-source framework that lets you build cross-platform applications in C#. It's MIT licensed. It will work on Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android and also somehow in the browser. It seems to this by actually drawing pixels via SkiaSharp (or optionally Direct2D on Windows).

They make money by offering migration services from WPF app to Avalonia. Plus general support.

I can't say how good Avalonia is yet. I've researched a bit and it's not obviously bad, which is distinct from being good. But if it's actually good, this would be a holy grail for the ecosystem:

You could use a statically typed language that is productive for this type of software development to create cross-platform applications that have higher performance than the Electron slop. That's valuable!

This possibility warrants a much higher level of enthusiasm than I've seen, especially within the ecosystem itself. This is an ecosystem that was, for a while, entirely landlocked, only able to make Windows desktop applications.

I cannot overstate how important it is for a language's ecosystem to have a package like this and have it be good. Rust is still missing a good option. Gnome is unpleasant to use and buggy. Falling back to using Electron while writing Rust just seems like a bad joke. A lot of the Rust crates that are neither Electron nor Gnome tend to be really really undercooked.

And now I've actually talked myself into checking out Avalonia... I mean after writing all of that I feel like a charlatan for not having investigated it already.

#software #programming #anpost #csharp

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codezup · 2 days ago

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Optimize Java Memory Usage: Effective Heap Management Strategies

1. Introduction Understanding the Importance Optimizing Java memory usage is crucial for building efficient and scalable applications. The heap, a critical component of Java’s memory model, is where objects are stored. Effective heap management prevents issues like OutOfMemoryError, improves performance, and enhances user experience. What You’ll Learn This tutorial covers strategies to…

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hackernewsrobot · 12 days ago

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How ZGC allocates memory for the Java heap

https://joelsiks.com/posts/zgc-heap-memory-allocation/

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fromdevcom · 1 month ago

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Java Mastery Challenge: Can You Crack These 10 Essential Coding Questions? Are you confident in your Java programming skills? Whether you're preparing for a technical interview or simply want to validate your expertise, these ten carefully curated Java questions will test your understanding of core concepts and common pitfalls. Let's dive into challenges that every serious Java developer should be able to tackle. 1. The Mysterious Output Consider this seemingly simple code snippet: javaCopypublic class StringTest public static void main(String[] args) String str1 = "Hello"; String str2 = "Hello"; String str3 = new String("Hello"); System.out.println(str1 == str2); System.out.println(str1 == str3); System.out.println(str1.equals(str3)); What's the output? This question tests your understanding of string pooling and object reference comparison in Java. The answer is true, false, true. The first comparison returns true because both str1 and str2 reference the same string literal from the string pool. The second comparison returns false because str3 creates a new object in heap memory. The third comparison returns true because equals() compares the actual string content. 2. Threading Troubles Here's a classic multithreading puzzle: javaCopypublic class Counter private int count = 0; public void increment() count++; public int getCount() return count; If multiple threads access this Counter class simultaneously, what potential issues might arise? This scenario highlights the importance of thread safety in Java applications. Without proper synchronization, the increment operation isn't atomic, potentially leading to race conditions. The solution involves either using synchronized methods, volatile variables, or atomic classes like AtomicInteger. 3. Collection Conundrum javaCopyList list = new ArrayList(); list.add("Java"); list.add("Python"); list.add("JavaScript"); for(String language : list) if(language.startsWith("J")) list.remove(language); What happens when you run this code? This question tests your knowledge of concurrent modification exceptions and proper collection iteration. The code will throw a ConcurrentModificationException because you're modifying the collection while iterating over it. Instead, you should use an Iterator or collect items to remove in a separate list. 4. Inheritance Insight javaCopyclass Parent public void display() System.out.println("Parent"); class Child extends Parent public void display() System.out.println("Child"); public class Main public static void main(String[] args) Parent p = new Child(); p.display(); What's the output? This tests your understanding of method overriding and runtime polymorphism. The answer is "Child" because Java uses dynamic method dispatch to determine which method to call at runtime based on the actual object type, not the reference type. 5. Exception Excellence javaCopypublic class ExceptionTest public static void main(String[] args) try throw new RuntimeException(); catch (Exception e) throw new RuntimeException(); finally System.out.println("Finally"); What gets printed before the program terminates? This tests your knowledge of exception handling and the finally block. "Finally" will be printed because the finally block always executes, even when exceptions are thrown in both try and catch blocks. 6. Interface Implementation javaCopyinterface Printable default void print() System.out.println("Printable"); interface Showable default void print() System.out.println("Showable"); class Display implements Printable, Showable // What needs to be added here? What must be

added to the Display class to make it compile? This tests your understanding of the diamond problem in Java 8+ with default methods. The class must override the print() method to resolve the ambiguity between the two default implementations. 7. Generics Genius javaCopypublic class Box private T value; public void setValue(T value) this.value = value; public T getValue() return value; Which of these statements will compile? javaCopyBox intBox = new Box(); Box strBox = new Box(); Box doubleBox = new Box(); This tests your understanding of bounded type parameters in generics. Only intBox and doubleBox will compile because T is bounded to Number and its subclasses. String isn't a subclass of Number, so strBox won't compile. 8. Memory Management javaCopyclass Resource public void process() System.out.println("Processing"); protected void finalize() System.out.println("Finalizing"); What's wrong with relying on finalize() for resource cleanup? This tests your knowledge of Java's memory management and best practices. The finalize() method is deprecated and unreliable for resource cleanup. Instead, use try-with-resources or implement AutoCloseable interface for proper resource management. 9. Lambda Logic javaCopyList numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); numbers.stream() .filter(n -> n % 2 == 0) .map(n -> n * 2) .forEach(System.out::println); What's the output? This tests your understanding of Java streams and lambda expressions. The code filters even numbers, doubles them, and prints them. The output will be 4 and 8. 10. Serialization Scenarios javaCopyclass User implements Serializable private String username; private transient String password; // Constructor and getters/setters What happens to the password field during serialization and deserialization? This tests your knowledge of Java serialization. The password field, marked as transient, will not be serialized. After deserialization, it will be initialized to its default value (null for String). Conclusion How many questions did you get right? These problems cover fundamental Java concepts that every developer should understand. They highlight important aspects of the language, from basic string handling to advanced topics like threading and serialization. Remember, knowing these concepts isn't just about passing interviews – it's about writing better, more efficient code. Keep practicing and exploring Java's rich features to become a more proficient developer. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, regular practice with such questions helps reinforce your understanding and keeps you sharp. Consider creating your own variations of these problems to deepen your knowledge even further. What's your next step? Try implementing these concepts in your projects, or create more complex scenarios to challenge yourself. The journey to Java mastery is ongoing, and every challenge you tackle makes you a better programmer.

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praveennareshit · 2 months ago

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Must-Know Core Java Concepts for Every Programmer

(A Guide for Full Stack Software Testing Enthusiasts in KPHB)

Java remains the backbone of enterprise applications, and a strong grasp of its core concepts is essential for every programmer. Whether you are an aspiring software tester, a backend developer, or a full-stack engineer, understanding Java fundamentals is non-negotiable. Let’s break down the most crucial Java concepts that you must master.

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Java is inherently object-oriented, which means everything revolves around objects and classes. The four key pillars of OOP in Java are:

✔ Encapsulation – Bundling data and methods together to protect data integrity. ✔ Abstraction – Hiding implementation details and exposing only what’s necessary. ✔ Inheritance – Allowing one class to derive properties from another. ✔ Polymorphism – Enabling multiple implementations of a method.

Why It Matters?

For software testers, understanding OOP principles helps in creating reusable and scalable test automation frameworks.

2. Java Memory Management

Memory management is a crucial aspect that determines the performance of Java applications. It consists of:

�� Heap & Stack Memory – Heap stores objects, while Stack holds method calls and local variables. ✔ Garbage Collection (GC) – Java has an automatic garbage collector that frees up memory by removing unused objects.

Why It Matters?

Full Stack Testers must understand memory leaks and performance bottlenecks in Java-based applications.

3. Exception Handling

Exception handling ensures that runtime errors don’t crash the application. Java provides:

✔ try-catch-finally – Handles exceptions and ensures resource cleanup. ✔ throws & throw – Used for explicitly handling custom exceptions. ✔ Checked vs. Unchecked Exceptions – Checked exceptions (like IOException) must be handled, while unchecked exceptions (like NullPointerException) occur at runtime.

Why It Matters?

Testers need to handle exceptions effectively in automation scripts to avoid script failures.

4. Multithreading & Concurrency

Multithreading allows multiple parts of a program to run simultaneously. Important concepts include:

✔ Thread Lifecycle – From creation to termination. ✔ Runnable & Callable Interfaces – Implementing threads in Java. ✔ Synchronization & Locks – Avoiding race conditions and ensuring thread safety.

Why It Matters?

In performance testing, understanding multithreading helps simulate real-world user load.

5. Collections Framework

Java provides a robust Collections Framework for handling groups of objects efficiently. The key interfaces are:

✔ List (ArrayList, LinkedList) – Ordered and allows duplicates. ✔ Set (HashSet, TreeSet) – Unordered and doesn’t allow duplicates. ✔ Map (HashMap, TreeMap) – Stores key-value pairs.

Why It Matters?

Test automation frameworks use collections extensively for data handling and assertions.

6. File Handling & I/O Operations

File handling is critical for reading, writing, and manipulating files in Java.

✔ BufferedReader & BufferedWriter – Efficient file reading and writing. ✔ FileInputStream & FileOutputStream – Handling binary data. ✔ Serialization – Converting objects into byte streams.

Why It Matters?

For automation testers, handling logs, reports, and configuration files is a routine task.

7. JDBC & Database Connectivity

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) allows applications to interact with databases.

✔ DriverManager – Manages database connections. ✔ PreparedStatement – Prevents SQL injection. ✔ ResultSet – Retrieves query results.

Why It Matters?

Full Stack Testers should understand JDBC for validating database operations in automation scripts.

8. Java Frameworks

Mastering Java alone isn’t enough; knowing key frameworks is essential.

✔ Spring Boot – Microservices and dependency injection. ✔ Selenium with Java – Web automation testing. ✔ TestNG & JUnit – Test automation frameworks.

Why It Matters?

These frameworks power large-scale software applications and automation testing.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the best way to practice Core Java concepts? A: Work on small projects, participate in coding challenges, and contribute to open-source repositories.

Q2: How is Java used in Full Stack Software Testing? A: Java is used for writing test automation scripts, interacting with databases, and integrating test frameworks.

Q3: What is the difference between Checked and Unchecked Exceptions? A: Checked exceptions must be handled (e.g., IOException), whereas unchecked exceptions occur at runtime (e.g., NullPointerException).

Q4: Why is Java preferred for automation testing? A: Java offers robust libraries like Selenium, TestNG, and JUnit, making automation testing efficient and scalable.

Q5: What are the key Java concepts needed for API Testing? A: Understanding HTTP methods, JSON parsing, and REST API calls using libraries like RestAssured and Jackson is crucial.

Final Thoughts

Mastering Java fundamentals is the key to excelling in software development and automation testing. Whether you are preparing for a Full Stack Software Testing role in KPHB or looking to enhance your coding skills, these core Java concepts will set you apart.

#Java #CoreJava #FullStackTesting #SoftwareTesting #AutomationTesting #JavaProgramming #Selenium #TestAutomation #OOP #Coding #JavaDeveloper #JUnit #TestNG #FullStackDevelopment #KPHB #TechLearning

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learning-code-ficusoft · 2 months ago

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Understanding the Java Virtual Machine (JVM): Internals and Optimization

Introduction

Briefly introduce the JVM and its role in running Java applications.

Highlight why understanding JVM internals is crucial for developers.

Mention key aspects like performance, memory management, and optimizations.

1. JVM Architecture: An Overview

Explain how JVM acts as an abstraction layer between Java code and the underlying hardware.

Key components:

Class Loader: Loads bytecode into memory.

Runtime Memory Areas: Heap, Stack, Method Area, etc.

Execution Engine: Converts bytecode into native code.

Garbage Collector (GC): Manages memory automatically.

2. JVM Memory Management

Heap vs. Stack Memory: What each is used for.

Method Area & Runtime Constant Pool: Storage for metadata and constants.

Garbage Collection (GC) Mechanisms:

Serial, Parallel, CMS, G1, and ZGC collectors.

When and how GC runs.

Tuning GC for performance (using JVM options like -XX:+UseG1GC).

3. Just-In-Time (JIT) Compilation

How JIT compiles frequently used bytecode into native machine code for performance.

Difference between:

Interpreter Mode (slower execution but quick startup).

JIT Compilation (optimizes hot code paths).

JVM optimizations like:

Method Inlining

Loop Unrolling

Escape Analysis

4. JVM Optimization Techniques

Tuning JVM with Command-line Flags

-Xms and -Xmx for memory allocation.

-XX:+PrintGCDetails for monitoring GC.

Profiling and Monitoring Tools

JVisualVM, JConsole, Java Flight Recorder.

Code-level Optimizations

Reducing object creation to avoid excessive GC.

Using efficient data structures (ArrayList vs. LinkedList).

Avoiding memory leaks (proper use of WeakReferences, ThreadLocal).

5. JVM Performance Best Practices

Selecting the right GC algorithm for different workloads.

Analyzing JVM logs to detect performance bottlenecks.

Using Ahead-of-Time (AOT) Compilation (like GraalVM) for even faster execution.

Conclusion

Summarize key takeaways: JVM architecture, memory management, JIT compilation, and optimizations.

Emphasize the importance of tuning JVM settings for different applications.

WEBSITE: https://www.ficusoft.in/core-java-training-in-chennai/

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kate-bishops-girlfriend · 2 years ago

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reminder of my exam week battery acid recipe:

put four heaped teaspoons of instant coffee in a mug and fill with boiling water from the kettle

leave this a few hours to go completely cold

pour in red bull and that java monster

pour in toxic waste sweets (out of the fucking wrappers, people) and skittles

add two shots of vodka (i know exactly what i did there)

add a sour blue raspberry mega squeeze pop

and if you deffos want to stay awake, add a little bit of the spiciest chili paste you can get your hands on

then drink it

enjoy the inevitable shutdown of your body and the inevitable heart attacks! happy exam season guys

peeling those sour rainbow gummy strips into long thin strings and putting them into cheap energy drink to create something im calling battery acid spaghetti will update once ive finished it

#ela's battery acid #this was a joke please do not attempt at home ladies and gents and all others #exam season is genuinely going to be the death of me #fuck gcses man #good luck all others taking them over the next few weeks #the english educational system is a fucking joke honestly #anyway ily guys #bye~✨

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atplblog · 4 months ago

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Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details) [ad_1] Introduction to Java Programming and Data Structures seamlessly integrates programming, data structures, and algorithms into one text. With a fundamentals-first approach, the text builds a strong foundation of basic programming concepts and techniques before teaching students object-oriented programming and advanced Java programming. Liang explains programming in a problem-driven way that focuses on problem solving rather than syntax, illustrating basic concepts by example and providing a large number of exercises with various levels of difficulty for students to practice. The 12th Edition is completely revised in every detail to enhance clarity, presentation, content, examples, and exercises.Features –NEW: Both Comparable and Comparator are used to compare elements in Heap, Priority-Queue, BST, and AVLTree. This is consistent with the Java API and is more useful and flexible. NEW: String matching algorithms are introduced in Chapter 22: Developing Efficient Algorithms. UPDATED: Java 9, 10, 11 and FX11 are covered to keep the text up to date with current technologies. Examples are improved and simplified. UPDATED: Lambda expressions are used in more examples and exercises in the data structures chapters to simplify coding. UPDATED: Programming Exercises are grouped by sections to provide students with opportunities to apply the new skills they have learned on their own. From the brand Publisher ‏ : ‎ Pearson Education (15 April 2024); Pearson Education Language ‏ : ‎ English Paperback ‏ : ‎ 1240 pages ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9357055045 ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-9357055048 Reading age ‏ : ‎ 16 years and up Item Weight

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sunbeaminfo · 4 months ago

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Enhance Your Coding Skills with Data Structures and Algorithms Classes at Sunbeam Institute, Pune

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Algorithm Analysis: Learn to evaluate time and space complexity for efficient coding.

Linked Lists: Master various types, including singly, doubly, and circular linked lists.

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Sorting and Searching: Gain proficiency in algorithms like Quick Sort, Merge Sort, Heap Sort, Linear Search, Binary Search, and Hashing.

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Upcoming Batch: January 27, 2025, to February 18, 2025

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Prerequisites:

Basic knowledge of Java programming, including classes, objects, generics, and Java collections (e.g., ArrayList).

Why Choose Sunbeam Institute?

Sunbeam Institute is renowned for its effective IT training programs in Pune, offering a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical application to ensure a thorough understanding of complex concepts.

Enroll Now: Secure your spot in this sought-after course to advance your programming skills and enhance your career prospects. For registration and more information, visit:

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analytiqlearning · 6 months ago

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Exploring Data Structures with Java: A Comprehensive Guide

Data Structures with Java: A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding data structures is crucial for anyone looking to advance in software development. For those interested in mastering Java, data structures form a vital component of their learning journey. This guide dives into the fundamentals of data structures, how they work in Java, and why they’re essential in coding applications.

Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, exploring data structures with Java can unlock new opportunities, especially if you're considering a Java class in Pune or a Java course in Pune with placement. With hands-on experience in Java courses in Pune, you’ll develop practical skills that are highly valued by tech companies.

What Are Data Structures?

Data structures are ways of organizing and storing data efficiently so that it can be used effectively. Different data structures offer different ways to handle data, influencing aspects like processing speed and storage requirements. In Java, understanding the appropriate data structure for a specific problem is essential for building optimized and scalable applications.

Data structures are generally divided into:

Linear Data Structures: Arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues.

Non-linear Data Structures: Trees, graphs, heaps, and hash tables.

With a structured Java course in Pune with placement, you'll dive deeper into each data structure, gaining hands-on experience with real-world scenarios.

Why Are Data Structures Important in Java?

Java is widely recognized for its platform independence, object-oriented features, and extensive libraries. In any Java class in Pune, you’ll learn how data structures enhance Java's capabilities by enabling efficient management of data. Key benefits include:

Faster Execution: Data structures help in reducing the execution time of programs by minimizing data access time.

Efficient Storage: They help in organizing data, allowing programs to function effectively even with large datasets.

Improved Code Quality: Using the right data structure simplifies code and reduces maintenance.

Commonly Used Data Structures in Java

Understanding the commonly used data structures is a fundamental aspect of any Java courses in Pune. Let's look at some widely used data structures in Java and their real-world applications.

1. Arrays

An array is a collection of elements stored in contiguous memory locations. It is one of the simplest data structures and is used to store fixed-size data collections. Arrays are great for storing data like a list of user names or numerical values. In a Java class in Pune, you’ll explore how arrays work and how they can be manipulated in Java.

Example:

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {

System.out.println(numbers[i]);

}

2. Linked Lists

Linked lists consist of nodes, where each node contains a data field and a reference to the next node in the sequence. They are flexible in size and allow for efficient insertion and deletion. Java course in Pune with placement programs often focus on linked lists because they form the backbone of more complex data structures.

Example:

class Node {

int data;

Node next;

Node(int d) { data = d; next = null; }

}

3. Stack

A stack is a linear data structure that follows a Last In, First Out (LIFO) order. Java's Stack class offers methods like push and pop for adding and removing elements. Learning stacks in a Java class in Pune helps develop a fundamental understanding of memory management in applications.

Example:

Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();

stack.push(10);

stack.push(20);

System.out.println(stack.pop()); // Output: 20

4. Queue

Queues follow a First In, First Out (FIFO) order. They are commonly used in applications such as customer service systems. In Java courses in Pune, you’ll see how queues help in processing data efficiently, making them ideal for order processing.

Example:

Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();

queue.add(10);

queue.add(20);

System.out.println(queue.poll()); // Output: 10

5. Trees

Trees are non-linear data structures, with nodes arranged in a hierarchical manner. Binary trees, binary search trees, and AVL trees are different tree types. They are crucial in data organization, making them a staple topic in any Java course in Pune with placement.

Example:

class TreeNode {

int data;

TreeNode left, right;

public TreeNode(int data) {

this.data = data;

left = right = null;

}

6. Graphs

Graphs consist of nodes (vertices) connected by edges. They are useful in real-world applications like social networks, recommendation engines, and mapping. Graphs are often covered in Java classes in Pune, as they require an understanding of advanced data handling and traversal techniques.

7. Hash Tables

Hash tables store data in key-value pairs and offer constant-time data access. Java's HashMap class makes it easy to implement hash tables, which are used in caching, database indexing, and associative arrays. Through Java courses in Pune, you’ll understand hash tables’ critical role in managing large data sets effectively.

Advantages of Learning Data Structures in Java

With demand for skilled developers on the rise, Java courses in Pune have gained traction, especially for their focus on practical implementation and problem-solving skills. Here’s why learning data structures with Java is valuable:

Job Market Demand: Proficiency in data structures and Java opens up numerous job opportunities, particularly in software development, data science, and engineering.

Comprehensive Curriculum: A Java course in Pune with placement often includes in-depth modules on data structures, algorithms, and advanced Java topics. With placement assistance, it becomes easier to land a job right after completing the course.

Hands-On Projects: Many Java classes in Pune emphasize projects that allow students to apply their knowledge of data structures to real-world problems, enhancing practical understanding.

Enhanced Problem-Solving Skills: Data structures improve your ability to design solutions efficiently. This is highly valued in tech interviews, where companies test your logical and analytical skills.

Choosing the Right Java Course in Pune

Choosing the right Java course can make a significant difference in your career trajectory. When looking for a Java course in Pune with placement, consider factors like the course curriculum, industry relevance, and practical exposure. Java classes in Pune that cover comprehensive data structure modules help you stay competitive in the fast-evolving tech field.

Key Highlights of the Best Java Courses in Pune

Experienced Instructors: Learn from seasoned professionals who bring industry insights into the classroom.

Placement Support: Opt for a Java course in Pune with placement to secure career opportunities post-completion.

Project-Based Learning: Ensure the course includes hands-on projects on data structures.

Networking Opportunities: Join a network of peers and professionals, gaining insights and support as you advance in your career.

Conclusion

Data structures are an essential aspect of Java programming, shaping how data is stored, managed, and processed. A comprehensive Java class in Pune will equip you with the theoretical understanding and practical skills needed to apply data structures effectively. Enrolling in a Java course in Pune with placement offers the added advantage of hands-on experience and job assistance, making it an ideal choice for aspiring Java developers.

In summary, understanding data structures is crucial for efficient Java programming. With the right Java courses in Pune, you’ll build a strong foundation in data handling techniques that will serve you well in the software industry. Whether you’re just starting or looking to advance your skills, mastering data structures with Java will undoubtedly enhance your coding capabilities and employability.

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subb01 · 6 months ago

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Key Concepts to Review Before Your Java Interview

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Java interviews can be both challenging and rewarding, often acting as a gateway to exciting roles in software development. Whether you're applying for an entry-level position or an advanced role, being well-prepared with core concepts is essential. In this guide, we’ll cover key topics to review before your Java interview, ensuring you're confident and ready to impress. Additionally, don't forget to check out this detailed video guide to strengthen your preparation with visual explanations and code demonstrations.

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

Java is known for its robust implementation of OOP principles. Before your interview, make sure to have a firm grasp on:

Classes and Objects: Understand how to create and use objects.

Inheritance: Review how subclasses inherit from superclasses, and when to use inheritance.

Polymorphism: Know the difference between compile-time (method overloading) and runtime polymorphism (method overriding).

Abstraction and Encapsulation: Be prepared to explain how and why they are used in Java.

Interview Tip: Be ready to provide examples of how you’ve used these concepts in your projects or coding exercises.

2. Core Java Concepts

In addition to OOP, there are foundational Java topics you need to master:

Data Types and Variables: Understand primitive types (int, double, char, etc.) and how they differ from non-primitive types.

Control Structures: Revise loops (for, while, do-while), conditional statements (if-else, switch-case), and how they control program flow.

Exception Handling: Know how try, catch, finally, and custom exceptions are used to manage errors in Java.

Collections Framework: Familiarize yourself with classes such as ArrayList, HashSet, HashMap, and their interfaces (List, Set, Map).

Interview Tip: Be prepared to discuss the time and space complexities of different collection types.

3. Java Memory Management

Understanding how Java manages memory can set you apart from other candidates:

Heap vs. Stack Memory: Explain the difference and how Java allocates memory.

Garbage Collection: Understand how it works and how to manage memory leaks.

Memory Leaks: Be prepared to discuss common scenarios where memory leaks may occur and how to avoid them.

Interview Tip: You may be asked how to optimize code for better memory management or to explain how Java’s finalize() method works.

4. Multithreading and Concurrency

With modern applications requiring multi-threading for efficient performance, expect questions on:

Threads and the Runnable Interface: Know how to create and run threads.

Thread Lifecycle: Be aware of thread states and what happens during transitions (e.g., from NEW to RUNNABLE).

Synchronization and Deadlocks: Understand how to use synchronized methods and blocks to manage concurrent access, and how deadlocks occur.

Concurrency Utilities: Review tools like ExecutorService, CountDownLatch, and Semaphore.

Interview Tip: Practice writing simple programs demonstrating thread synchronization and handling race conditions.

5. Java 8 Features and Beyond

Many companies expect candidates to be familiar with Java’s evolution, especially from Java 8 onward:

Lambda Expressions: Know how to write concise code with functional programming.

Streams API: Understand how to use streams for data manipulation and processing.

Optional Class: Learn to use Optional for handling null checks effectively.

Date and Time API: Review java.time package for managing date and time operations.

Interview Tip: Be prepared to solve coding problems using Java 8 features to show you’re up-to-date with recent enhancements.

6. Design Patterns

Java interviews often include questions on how to write clean, efficient, and scalable code:

Singleton Pattern: Know how to implement and when to use it.

Factory Pattern: Understand the basics of creating objects without specifying their exact class.

Observer Pattern: Be familiar with the publish-subscribe mechanism.

Decorator and Strategy Patterns: Understand their practical uses.

Interview Tip: Have examples ready that demonstrate how you’ve used these patterns in your projects.

7. Commonly Asked Coding Problems

Prepare by solving coding problems related to:

String Manipulations: Reverse a string, find duplicates, and check for anagrams.

Array Operations: Find the largest/smallest element, rotate arrays, or merge two sorted arrays.

Linked List Questions: Implement basic operations such as reversal, detecting cycles, and finding the middle element.

Sorting and Searching Algorithms: Review quicksort, mergesort, and binary search implementations.

Interview Tip: Practice on platforms like LeetCode or HackerRank to improve your problem-solving skills under time constraints.

Final Preparation Tips

Mock Interviews: Conduct practice interviews with peers or mentors.

Review Your Code: Ensure your past projects and code snippets are polished and ready to discuss.

Brush Up on Basics: Don’t forget to revise simple concepts, as interviews can include questions on any level of difficulty.

For more in-depth preparation, watch this helpful video that provides practical examples and coding tips to boost your confidence.

With these concepts in mind, you'll be well-equipped to handle any Java interview with poise. Good luck!

#Youtube

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fromdevcom · 4 months ago

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Technology is moving fast and so does Java technology. Java programming has completely changed in past decade. Millions of applications are developed using Java every day. Java is still one of the most popular programming languages among developers and employers. Since oracle acquired Sun Microsystems, there has been a significant change in the language. As a competent java developer, you need to stay on top of the latest trends and features to stay productive. I am a full-time java developer dealing with multiple applications in java. This article is based on my experience and interaction with other experienced developers in java technology. In this article, I have tried to cover java feature highlight, interesting libraries, frameworks and open source projects along with some career path options for new java developers. If you think I have missed out on something in this article please feel free to suggest it in comments. I will try to update the article to make it useful for our huge java developers community on the internet. I have been writing about java related technology for almost 10 years and most of the things are same in java technology. However, to learn java related latest technology any developer need to keep up with latest trends. The most important changes are as part of latest features in Java language itself and before you proceed, make sure you have the best laptop for programming to ensure you can work as efficiently as possible. Popular New Features In Java Recent versions of Java have introduced very powerful features. Some of my favorite features are listed below Lambda Expressions: Since Java 8 Lambda expressions in java are a way to achieve functional programming style code. These are good for some specific type of problems. Default and Static Methods In Interfaces Default methods are a powerful feature in java interfaces. This allows architects to redesign systems easily. Now you can easily add one more method to an existing interface without invalidating all implementing classes of it. Static methods can be now added to a java interface. This can avoid an explosion of utility classes in your project. Performance Improvements In Java 8 PermGen Space is Removed The PermGen space has been removed from Java 8 memory model. It has been replaced with an expandable metaspace to store JVM metadata in native memory. Garbage Collection : G1 Collector The G1 (Garbage-first collector) was introduced in JDK 7. It has been designed support larger heap size requirements of applications. Though this new Garbage collector is available in Java it is still not the default garbage collector. It may become the default collector in Java 9 Asynchronous IO vs Multi-Threaded IO in Java Java development is moving towards asynchronous IO. The latest recommended way to do IO in Java is using java.nio library. However, the programming using java.nio is still fairly complex. Therefore many developers prefer open source frameworks like netty Despite the availability of features and frameworks, asynchronous IO is still painful in java. Current abstractions are not easy enough to be used by inexperienced developers. This causes a lot of unwanted performance and code maintenance issues. Asynchronous IO is one of the strong reasons why many experienced web developers like Node.js - it is simple to do async IO in Node and it does it very well. Interesting Libraries and Frameworks Below are some interesting and noteworthy libraries, frameworks and open source projects that play an important part of java developers life these days. Big Data Technology in Java Java is still the leading language for big data analytics and map-reduce development. The two key open source projects to learn big data technology are listed below Hadoop Hadoop is still leading framework in big data computing technology. Map reduce development in java is very popular due to good support from apache. Spark Apache Spark is very popular big data computing framework that can run on top of Hadoop, Hbase, Mesos or Cassandra.

It is used due to faster development and better performance. It supports Java and many existing java developers like to use it for writing efficient MapReduce jobs. NOSQL Databases A large number of applications are now being developed using various NOSQL databases. The choice of database varies based on the needs of the project, however, some of the below listed NOSQL databases are reasonably popular now. MongoDB MongoDB is leading open source NOSQL database. It is popular due to its performance, JSON storage and other benefits of scaling. It is extremely easy to integrate. Therefore many java developers are quickly adopting it for REST web service development with JSON data input and output. Redis Redis is an open source in-memory database cache system. It is very powerful and used in many highly scalable systems. Cassandra Apache Cassandra is one of most flexible NOSQL database that provides tunable consistency. It is a popular choice for a scalable system that is developed using java. Couchbase Couchbase is an enterprise licensed NOSQL database. It is popular for extremely fast response time. Relational Databases Despite a lot of buzz around NOSQL databases, a relational database is still being used for a large number of applications. Some of the popular relational databases are listed below. MySQL Database Based on Github projects, MySQL database is the most popular choice for Java open source projects. Below snapshot shows the popularity of Postgres SQL database on Github open source projects. Postgres SQL Database Postgres relational database is also very popular open source relational database. This database is very popular among PHP open source community. It is also commonly used for Java-based open source projects. Below snapshot shows the popularity of Postgres SQL database on Github open source projects. Oracle Database Oracle is still the most popular enterprise relational database choice. This is not free however enterprise customers still rely heavily on it. Oracle is not as popular as MySQL and Postgres in open source community for obvious reasons. See the below snapshot of oracle usage in Github java projects. Popular JSON Libraries in Java JSON is the most popular format for REST based web service development. This is not different for Java technology either. Google GSON Google GSON is the most popular open source JSON library as of now. This is based on a number of open source projects on Github. Jackson The second most popular option for JSON parsing in java is Jackson. Functional Languages There are two leading functional programming languages that run on JVM These languages are being used by developers who like functional programming style. Scala Scala is an acronym of "Scalable language". It is a functional as well as object oriented language. It runs inside a JVM. It has inbuilt support to use java libraries. This makes it a powerful scripting language. I like to use it for test automation and load testing. Groovy Groovy is developed by Apache foundation. It is optionally typed and dynamic language. Many developers like to use groovy for scripting and automation. Java Developer Career Paths Java programming has been used for multiple types of projects. I have noticed 3 major types of a career path for java developers. Backend Developers / REST Service Developers Backend developers are responsible for writing java applications that can interact with a relational or NOSQL database and perform some business logic. Many applications are being developed with java as backend. This includes mobile apps as well. The job of backend developer is to create web enabled application that can be exposed as a web service. This service can be called from any client including web or mobile or any IOT device. Full Stack Developer Full Stack developers in java are primarily working on MVC frameworks like Spring MVC, Struts or similar. This requires an in-depth understanding of Core Java, Servlet API, and respective framework usage.

As per my observation, the need of full stack developer in java is reducing lately. This is happening mainly due to a reduction in Front End development using Java technology. Many companies are now moving to JavaScript based front-end development. This is forcing most java full stack developer to choose to move to JavaScript or become backed developers. There is still a ton of legacy applications that use traditional Java-based MVC frameworks. Therefore the job market is good for these developers. However, I foresee this will change very fast. If you find yourself working on Servlet, JSP, JSF or MVC based frameworks too long it may be a sign that you need to change your job to survive in the job market. Data Scientists / Big Data Analysts Many companies are doing big data analysis with the help of MapReduce developers. Data scientists are java developers who can write map reduce jobs in Hadoop or similar environment. This requires basic knowledge of core java and detailed understanding of the Hadoop ecosystem. Data scientist jobs are well paid and plenty in recent past. Many ETL developers are also moving toward this job role. Many java developers are learning to use Spark and quickly getting a high pay job as a data scientist. I see think the data scientists job market is still evolving and more jobs will be available for beginners as well. Summary I hope you find this article useful. Java development technology has changed over last decade. Staying up to date with latest java trends is key to survive in a good or bad developer job market. Article Updates Updated Broken Links and Added new reference links - January 24th 2017

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