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mariacallous · 7 months

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Shortly before noon on Aug. 19, 2023, a Russian cruise missile sliced past the golden onion domes and squat apartment blocks of the Chernihiv skyline in northern Ukraine. The Iskander-K missile slammed into its target: the city’s drama theater, which was hosting a meeting of drone manufacturers at the time of the attack. More than 140 people were injured and seven killed. The youngest, 6-year-old Sofia Golynska, had been playing in a nearby park.

Fragments of the missile recovered by the Ukrainian armed forces and analyzed by Ukrainian researchers found numerous components made by U.S. manufacturers in the missile’s onboard navigation system, which enabled it to reach its target with devastating precision. In December, Ukraine’s state anti-corruption agency released an online database of the thousands of foreign-made components recovered from Russian weapons so far.

Russia’s struggle to produce the advanced semiconductors, electrical components, and machine tools needed to fuel its defense industrial base predates the current war and has left it reliant on imports even amid its estrangement from the West. So when Moscow launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, major manufacturing countries from North America, Europe, and East Asia swiftly imposed export controls on a broad swath of items deemed critical for the Russian arms industry.

Russia quickly became the world’s most sanctioned country: Some 16,000 people and companies were subject to a patchwork of international sanctions and export control orders imposed by a coalition of 39 countries. Export restrictions were painted with such a broad brush that sunglasses, contact lenses, and false teeth were also swept up in the prohibitions. Even items manufactured overseas by foreign companies are prohibited from being sold to Russia if they are made with U.S. tools or software, under a regulation known as the foreign direct product rule.

But as the war reaches its two-year anniversary, export controls have failed to stem the flow of advanced electronics and machinery making their way into Russia as new and convoluted supply chains have been forged through third countries such as Kazakhstan, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates, which are not party to the export control efforts. An investigation by Nikkei Asia found a tenfold increase in the export of semiconductors from China and Hong Kong to Russia in the immediate aftermath of the war—the majority of them from U.S. manufacturers.

“Life finds a way,” said a senior U.S. intelligence official, quoting the movie Jurassic Park. The official spoke on background to discuss Russia’s evasion of export controls.

Some of the weapons and components analyzed by investigators were likely stockpiled before the war. But widely available Russian trade data reveals a brisk business in imports. More than $1 billion worth of advanced semiconductors from U.S. and European manufacturers made their way into the country last year, according to classified Russian customs service data obtained by Bloomberg. A recent report by the Kyiv School of Economics found that imports of components considered critical for the battlefield had dipped by just 10 percent during the first 10 months of 2023, compared with prewar levels.

This has created a Kafkaesque scenario, the report notes, in which the Ukrainian army is doing battle with Western weapons against a Russian arsenal that also runs on Western components.

It is an obvious problem, well documented by numerous think tank and media reports, but one without an easy solution. Tracking illicit trade in items such as semiconductors is an exponentially greater challenge than monitoring shipments of conventional weapons. Around 1 trillion chips are produced every year. Found in credit cards, toasters, tanks, missile systems, and much, much more, they power the global economy as well as the Russian military. Cutting Russia out of the global supply chain for semiconductors is easier said than done.

“Both Russia and China, and basically all militaries, are using a large number of consumer electronic components in their systems,” said Chris Miller, the author of Chip War: The Fight for the World’s Most Critical Technology. “All of the world’s militaries rely on the same supply chain, which is the supply chain that primarily services consumer electronics.”

Export controls were once neatly tailored to keep specific items, such as nuclear technology, out of the hands of rogue states and terrorist groups. But as Washington vies for technological supremacy with Beijing while also seeking to contain Russia and Iran, it has increasingly used these trade restrictions to advance broader U.S. strategic objectives. For instance, the Biden administration has placed wide-ranging prohibitions on the export of advanced chips to China.

“At no point in history have export controls been more central to our collective security than right now,” Matthew Axelrod, the assistant secretary for export enforcement at the U.S. Commerce Department, said in a speech last September. U.S. National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan has described export controls as “a new strategic asset in the U.S. and allied toolkit.”

Russia’s ability to defy these restrictions doesn’t just have implications for the war in Ukraine. It also raises significant questions about the challenge ahead vis-à-vis China.

“The technological question becomes a key part of this story and whether or not we can restrict it from our adversaries,” said James Byrne, the director of open-source intelligence and analysis at the Royal United Services Institute, a British think tank.

In the Russian city of Izhevsk, home to the factory that manufactures Kalashnikov rifles, shopping malls are being converted into drone factories amid a surge in defense spending that has helped the country’s economy weather its Western estrangement. Arms manufacturers have been urged to work around the clock to feed the Russian war machine, while defense is set to account for one-third of the state budget this year.

“We have developed a concept to convert shopping centers—which, before the start of the SMO [special military operation], sold mainly the products of Western brands—to factories for assembly lines of types of domestic drones,” Alexander Zakharov, the chief designer of the Zala Aero drone company, said at a closed event in August 2022, according to the Russian business newspaper Vedomosti. “Special military operation” is what the Russian government calls its war on Ukraine. Zala Aero is a subsidiary of the Kalashnikov Concern that, along with Zakharov, was sanctioned by the United States last November.

Defense companies have bought at least three shopping malls in Izhevsk to be repurposed for the manufacture of drones, according to local media, including Lancet attack drones, which the British defense ministry described as one of the most effective new weapons that Russia introduced to the battlefield last year. Lancets, which cost about $35,000 to produce, wreaked havoc during Ukraine’s offensive last year and have been captured on video striking valuable Ukrainian tanks and parked MiG fighter jets.

Like a lot of Russia’s weapons systems, Lancets are filled with Western components. An analysis of images of the drones published in December by the Washington-based Institute for Science and International Security found that they contained several parts from U.S., Swiss, and Czech manufacturers, including image processing and analytical components that play a pivotal role in enabling the drones to reach their targets on the battlefield.

“The recurring appearance of these Western products in Russian drone systems shows a keen dependence on them for key capabilities in the drone systems,” the report notes. Lancets are not the only drones found to contain Western components. Almost all of the electronic components in the Iranian Shahed-136 drones, which Russia is now manufacturing with Iranian help to use in Ukraine, are of Western origin, a separate analysis published in November concluded.

Early in the war, the Royal United Services Institute analyzed 27 Russian military systems, including cruise missiles, electronic warfare complexes, and communications systems, and found that they contained at least 450 foreign-made components, revealing Russia’s dependence on imports.

One of the principal ways that Russia has evaded Western export controls has been through transshipment via third countries such as Turkey, the UAE, and neighboring states once part of the Soviet Union. Bloomberg reported last November that amid mounting Western pressure, the UAE had agreed to restrict the export of sensitive goods to Russia and that Turkey was considering a similar move. Kazakh officials announced a ban on the export of certain battlefield goods to Russia in October.

Suspected transshipment is often revealed by striking changes in trade patterns before and after the invasion. The Maldives, an island chain in the Indian Ocean that has no domestic semiconductor industry, shipped almost $54 million worth of U.S.-made semiconductors to Russia in the year after the invasion of Ukraine, Nikkei Asia reported last July.

Semiconductor supply chains often span several countries, with chips designed in one country and manufactured in another before being sold to a series of downstream distributors around the world. That makes it difficult for companies to know the ultimate end user of their products. This may seem odd—until you realize that this is the case for many everyday products that are sold around the world. “When Coca-Cola sells Coca-Cola, it doesn’t know where every bottle goes, and they don’t have systems to track where every bottle goes,” said Kevin Wolf, a former assistant secretary for export administration at the U.S. Commerce Department.

While a coalition of 39 countries, including the world’s major manufacturers of advanced electronics, imposed export restrictions on Russia, much of the rest of the world continues to trade freely with Moscow. Components manufactured in coalition countries will often begin their journey to Moscow’s weapons factories through a series of entirely legal transactions before ending up with a final distributor that takes them across the border into Russia. “It starts off as licit trade and ends up as illicit trade,” said a second senior U.S. intelligence official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.

The further items move down the supply chain, the less insight governments and companies have into their ultimate destination, although sudden changes in behavior of importers can offer a red flag. In his speech last September, Axelrod, the assistant secretary, used the example of a beauty salon that suddenly starts to import electronic components.

But the Grand Canyon of loopholes is China, which has stood by Moscow since the invasion. In the first days of the war, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo warned that Washington could shut down Chinese companies that ignored semiconductor export controls placed on Russia. Last October, 42 Chinese companies were added to export control lists—severely undercutting their ability to do business with U.S. companies—for supplying Russian defense manufacturers with U.S. chips.

But as the Biden administration carefully calibrates its China policy in a bid to keep a lid on escalating tensions, it has held off from taking Beijing to task. “I think the biggest issue is that we—the West—have been unwilling to put pressure on China that would get China to start enforcing some of these rules itself,” said Miller, the author of Chip Wars.

A spokesperson for the U.S. Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) said: “Due to the restrictions imposed by the United States and key allies and partners, Russia has been left with no choice but to spend more, lower its ambitions for high-tech weaponry, build alliances with other international pariah states, and develop nefarious trade networks to covertly obtain the technologies it needs.

“We are deeply concerned regarding [Chinese] support for Russia’s defense industrial base. BIS has acted to add over 100 [China]-based entities to the Entity List for supporting Russia’s military industrial base and related activities.”

Export controls have typically focused on keeping specific U.S.-made goods out of the hands of adversaries, while economic and financial sanctions have served broader foreign-policy objectives of isolating rogue states and cauterizing the financing of terrorist groups and drug cartels. The use of sanctions as a national security tool grew in wake of the 9/11 attacks; in the intervening decades, companies, government agencies, and financial institutions have built up a wealth of experience in sanctions compliance. By contrast, the use of export controls for strategic ends is relatively novel, and compliance expertise is still in its infancy.

“It used to be that people like me could keep export controls and sanctions in one person’s head. The level of complexity for each area of law is so intense. I don’t know anyone who is truly an export control and sanctions expert,” Wolf said.

Export controls, experts say, are at best speed bumps designed to make it harder for Russia’s defense industrial base to procure Western components. They create “extra friction and pressure on the Russian economy,” said Daniel Fried, who as the State Department coordinator for sanctions policy helped craft U.S. sanctions on Russia after its annexation of Crimea in 2014. Russia is now paying 80 percent more to import semiconductors than it did before the war, according to forthcoming research by Miller, and the components it is able to acquire are often of dubious quality.

But although it may be more cumbersome and expensive, it’s a cost that Moscow has been willing to bear in its war on Ukraine.

Western components—and lots of them—will continue to be found in the weapons Russia uses on Ukraine’s battlefields for the duration of the war. “This problem is as old as export controls are,” said Jasper Helder, an expert on export controls and sanctions with the law firm Akin Gump. But there are ways to further plug the gaps.

Steeper penalties could incentivize U.S. companies to take a more proactive role in ensuring their products don’t wind up in the hands of the Russian military, said Elina Ribakova, a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. “At the moment, they’re not truly motivated,” she said.

Companies that run afoul of sanctions and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, a U.S. federal law that prohibits the payment of bribes, have been fined billions of dollars. Settlements of export control violations are often an order of magnitude smaller, according to recently published research.

In a speech last month, Axelrod said the United States would begin issuing steeper penalties for export control violations. “Build one case against one of the companies extremely well, put out a multibillion-dollar fine negotiation, and watch everybody else fall in line,” Ribakova said.

And then there’s the question of resources. BIS has an annual budget of just $200 million. “That’s like the cost of a few fighter jets. Come on,” said Raimondo, speaking at the Reagan National Defense Forum last December.

The agency’s core budget for export control has, adjusted for inflation, remained flat since 2010, while its workload has surged. Between 2014 and 2022, the volume of U.S. exports subject to licensing scrutiny increased by 126 percent, according to an agency spokesperson. A 2022 study of export control enforcement by the Center for Strategic and International Studies recommended a budget increase of $45 million annually, describing it as “one of the best opportunities available anywhere in U.S. national security.”

When it comes to enforcement, the bureau has about 150 officers across the country who work with law enforcement and conduct outreach to companies. The Commerce Department has also established a task force with the Justice Department to keep advanced technologies out of the hands of Russia, China, and Iran. “The U.S. has the most robust export enforcement on the planet,” Wolf said.

But compared with other law enforcement and national security agencies, the bureau’s budgets have not kept pace with its expanding mission. The Department of Homeland Security has more investigators in the city of Tampa, Florida, than BIS does across the entire country, Axelrod noted in his January speech.

On the other side, you have Russia, which is extremely motivated to acquire the critical technologies it needs to continue to prosecute its war. The Kremlin has tasked its intelligence agencies with finding ways around sanctions and export controls, U.S. Treasury Undersecretary Brian Nelson said in a speech last year. “We are not talking about a profit-seeking firm looking for efficiencies,” the second senior U.S. intelligence official said. “There will be supply if there is sufficient demand.”

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ohsalome · 2 years

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Putin Stirs European Worry on Home Appliance Imports Stripped for Arms

A sudden and surprising spike in European exports of washing machines, refrigerators and even electric breast pumps to Russia’s neighbors is raising concerns among officials the trade boom may be helping Vladimir Putin’s war machine in Ukraine.

Armenia imported more washing machines from the European Union during the first eight months of the year than the past two years combined, according to data compiled by Bloomberg from the EU’s Eurostat database. Kazakhstan imported $21.4 million worth of European refrigerators through August, more than triple the amount for the same period last year. Kazakh government data meantime show a jump in refrigerators, washing machines and electric breast pumps being shipped into Russia.

Officials in Europe have already said publicly they have seen parts from refrigerators and washing machines showing up in Russian military equipment such as tanks since its invasion of Ukraine. People familiar with the assessments said it was quite possible that components and microchips from other household goods were being used for military purposes, too, even if mostly in relatively low-grade equipment.

(source)

#russia #war in ukraine #sanctions #european union

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rabbitcruiser · 11 months

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International Snow Leopard Day

Snow Leopards are captivating and powerful animals. However, they are also vulnerable to loss of prey and poaching. These animals are distributed sparsely across 12 different countries in Central Asia. They tend to be found in rugged, high mountain landscapes, at elevations between 3,000 and 4,500m. The key to protecting this species is raising awareness. That’s what International Snow Leopard Day is all about.

History Of International Snow Leopard Day

The first International Snow Leopard Day occurred on the 23rd of October in 2014. The main purpose of this day is to show the importance of snow leopard conservation and raise awareness about this incredible animal. The day also emphasizes the importance of taking measures to stop poaching, as well as consolidating efforts in terms of an environmental organization in the countries of the snow leopard range.

The day was initiated by the countries that encompass the snow leopard’s range. They include Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Russia, Pakistan, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, India, China, Bhutan, and Afganistan. On the 23rd of October, in 2013, these countries signed the Bishkek Declaration regarding the conservation of the snow leopard. This happened in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, at the very first Global Snow Leopard Forum.

Fascinating Facts About Snow Leopards

Snow leopards are able to prey on animals that are up to three times their own body weight.

They have massive, thick tails, which are able to help them maintain balance and shield them from harsh weather. Their tails are almost as long as their entire body.

A study from the WWF has recorded snow leopards living at 5,859 meters above sea level. This is the highest altitude that has ever been documented for big cats. This is about the same height as the highest mountain in Canada.

You may be surprised to learn that snow leopards are not able to roar. Instead, they mew, yowl, and growl. They also prusten, which is also known as chuffing. This is a non-threatening vocalization, which is made when they blow air through their nose.

The fur on the stomach of a snow leopard is almost five inches thick. This is so that they can survive in the harsh and cold mountain climates.

These animals are often referred to as ‘ghosts of the mountain’ because they spend most of their lives in solitude and they are rarely seen.

Snow leopards are the only big cats that call Asia’s cold deserts their home. These deserts are sometimes referred to as the third pole because they feature ice fields with the biggest reserves of freshwater outside of the southern and northern polar regions.

What Threats Do Snow Leopards Face?

The exact number of snow leopards is unknown. Experts believe that there is no more than 6,390 snow leopards around the world, yet the number could be as small as 3,920. There are a number of threats that this elusive cat faces, including poaching. Data is hard to come by in this respect because a lot of trades with snow leopard parts occur in the dark. Some research shows that one snow leopard has been killed and traded every day between 2008 and 2016. However, the true extent of the issue is thought to be even bigger.

No animal should be poached, and this is why the likes of International Snow Leopard Day are so important so that we can raise awareness about the issue. Poaching is also a problem because it takes away resources for the snow leopard. The main prey species for the snow leopard are wild goat and sheep. However, these species are also threatened by unsustainable or illegal hunting in a lot of the parts of the snow leopard range. So, if there is a decline in their populations, there is also going to be a decline in the population of the snow leopard.

Snow leopards face a number of other threats that a lot of people don’t consider. For example, their mountain ecosystem could be destroyed because of large-scale developments, including mining. Climate change also poses a number of challenges as well. Temperatures are increasing in the mountains across Central Asia. This has an impact on the entire ecosystem; from water supplies to vegetation. It is certainly worrying times for snow leopards, and a good way to spend International Snow Leopard Day is by educating yourself fully on the issues these animals face.

How To Observe International Snow Leopard Day

There are a number of different ways that you can support International Snow Leopard Day. So, here are some suggestions…

Learn and explore – One of the best ways to observe International Snow Leopard Day is to learn about this incredible creature. Spend some time reading up on the snow leopard. Find out about where the animal lives, what threats they face, and what steps we can take in order to help safeguard the future of this incredible animal.

Get creative – Another way to show your support is to get creative. There are some activities online involving the snow leopard. You can find a fun activity sheet via the WWF website.

Order a WWF Explore Badge – Another way to show your support for International Snow Leopard Day is to order a WWF Badge. This is something else that you can get on the WWF website.

Adopt a snow leopard – You can also support snow leopards by adopting one. This helps the WWF to monitor snow leopard movements, by giving local communities the support needed to do this, as well as reducing human snow leopard conflicts.

Fundraise – You may also decide to host a fundraising event. This is a great way to raise awareness about the problems that snow leopards face while also accumulating donations that can go towards helping them. There are so many different ways that you can fundraise. You may decide to host a fundraising event, such as a cook-off, bake sale, or fun run. Another option is to make products that you can sell and then you could donate the proceeds or a percentage of them to helping snow leopards.

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l-in-c-future · 2 days

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To understand which assumed transshipment points could be used to facilitate trade with Russia, it is important to first understand the impact sanctions have had on Russia’s ability to import goods from other countries. S&P Global Market Intelligence extracted data from customs agents and national statistical authorities to highlight individual country exports to Russia.

To date, Hong Kong has not sanctioned Russia and remains one of Russia’s key trade partners for goods relating to electronic and communications equipment, specifically semiconductors and microchips

The largest exponential increase in exports of Tier 1 items to Russia came from Armenia, India, Turkey and Kazakhstan. In 2023, Armenia and Kazakhstan exported approximately $25.5 million and $18.3 million worth of Tier 1 items, respectively, whereas in 2021, there was almost no reported trade. Goods classified under "HS Code 854239: Electronic integrated circuits" were the most exported in 2023.

#Russian sanction #illicit trade flows #ukraine war #dual purpose items

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swissforextrading · 19 days

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The mystery of Switzerland’s surging imports of Uzbek and Kazakh gold

Switzerland’s imports of gold originating in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan have boomed since Russian President Vladimir Putin launched his invasion of Ukraine. Trade data and expert analyses suggest some could be surreptitiously coming from Russia in violation of international sanctions. SWI swissinfo.ch unravels the gold route from the two Central Asian nations to Switzerland via the United Kingdom. Swiss purchases of the precious metal from the two post-Soviet states took off in late 2021, just before Russia began its assault on Ukraine, an analysis of customs and related data by SWI swissinfo.ch shows. The trend has accelerated since then, raising concerns that Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are being used to evade sanctions intended to punish Moscow and helping Putin finance his war machine. “Now that Russia cannot freely export gold, there is a high risk that these two countries are being used to send gold to the UK and to Switzerland in order to be then sent out into the world ... https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/multinational-companies/the-mystery-of-switzerlands-surging-imports-of-uzbek-and-kazakh-gold/84207442?utm_source=multiple&utm_campaign=swi-rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_content=o (Source of the original content)

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mdmotalebhossainraju · 1 month

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Formally No Violations: How US and EU Companies Actively Circumvent Their Own Restrictions Against Russia

The Berliner Telegraph has already reported that, in pursuit of profit, many companies from EU countries eagerly circumvent Brussels' and Washington's restrictions by supplying restricted products to Russia and Belarus through Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the UAE, sometimes even using shell companies in EU countries.

From a formal perspective, EU laws do not prohibit the export of products to third countries, such as Armenia or Kazakhstan. Moreover, the headquarters of these companies may genuinely celebrate the explosive growth in sales by their peripheral branches, having no idea what happens to their products afterward. Or, more likely, they are fully aware of the shady schemes employed by regional dealers and may even share in the profits with their local colleagues. After all, Western manufacturers are technically adhering to restrictions.

However, sometimes compliance with the restrictions regime takes on truly absurd forms. For example, after the onset of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the American company Caterpillar officially ceased working with Russian clients on March 10, 2022, and halted all supplies to Russia. Nevertheless, Caterpillar products continued to find their way into Russia for an entire year: it was only on February 25, 2023, that the 10th package of restrictions explicitly banned the supply of construction equipment to Russia and Belarus, covering most of Caterpillar's product line.

Even in 2024 Caterpillar Zeppelin products are still entering Russia through indirect routes, sometimes with the unintentional—or fully intentional—assistance of German companies. For instance, the German company Zeppelin International AG, which has subsidiaries and official dealers in most former Soviet countries, has been ramping up its sales of Caterpillar products in the region. It's quite a coincidence that since February 2022, Central Asia and the Caucasus have been experiencing an incredible construction boom, necessitating an astronomical amount of construction equipment.

According to customs data obtained by Berliner Telegraph and the Finnish portal Yle, LLC Zeppelin International Armenia—a subsidiary of German Zeppelin International AG—actively supplies special equipment and dual-purpose tracks to Russia. Zeppelin International AG's partner in Kazakhstan, KBK Almaty Holding LLP, has also been doing the same, cooperating with its Belarusian counterpart, COOO Natriks, as recently as 2023. The trade is equally active in Central Asia, with Zeppelin Tajikistan AFLL and Zeppelin Central Asia Machinery LLC in Uzbekistan also supplying equipment and components to Russia.

Notably, until at least February 2023, Caterpillar products continued to enter Russia through Finnish ports, as reported by the Finnish portal Yle. As Berliner Telegraph previously noted, other prominent brands, such as Michelin, have used similar routes through Central Asia, the Caucasus, the UAE, and Latvia to supply products to Russia and Belarus. Even brands like Mercedes and BMW, which made grand statements about exiting the Russian market, tend to feign surprise when confronted with the appearance of their latest models on the streets of Russian cities.

Ultimately, it must be acknowledged that Thomas Joseph Dunning was right: capital will resort to any tricks, whether legal or not, to maximize its profits. Especially given that the mechanism of Western restrictions against Russia is so ambiguously written that it is difficult to accuse even a caught violator of knowingly breaking the law.

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exim-pedia · 2 months

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Top 10 Imports of Russia: A Comprehensive Guide

Russia, a country renowned for its vast natural resources and industrial equipment manufacturing, stands as the 8th largest economy in the world. With a strong reliance on both domestic manufacturing and international trade, import of Russia goods worth US$ 303.8 billion in 2023-24, marking a 10% increase from the previous year. This significant import volume positions Russia as the 30th largest importer globally.

In this blog, we will delve into the top imports of Russia, key trade partners, and the import relationship between Russia and India, providing a comprehensive overview based on the latest trade data.

Overview of Russia's Imports: 2023-24

Total Import Value: US$ 303.8 billion (10% increase from last year)

Total Shipments: 124.1k

Number of Importers: 14,665 global importers

Number of Suppliers: 10,650 Russian suppliers

Top 10 Imports of Russia

Machinery, Nuclear Reactors, Boilers

Import Value: US$ 54.56 billion

Share of Total Imports: 28.58%

Top Import Destinations: Guatemala, Kazakhstan, Spain, United Kingdom, Germany

Shipments: 190.6k

Electric and Electronic Equipment

Import Value: US$ 36.95 billion

Share of Total Imports: 19.38%

Top Import Destinations: United States, Vietnam, Uzbekistan

Shipments: 202.1k

Vehicles

Import Value: US$ 26.85 billion

Share of Total Imports: 14.09%

Top Import Destinations: India, Uzbekistan, United States

Shipments: 883.2k

Pharmaceutical Products

Import Value: US$ 13.85 billion

Share of Total Imports: 7.25%

Top Import Destinations: Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, Slovenia

Shipments: 182k

Plastic and Plastic Articles

Import Value: US$ 12.75 billion

Share of Total Imports: 6.65%

Top Import Destinations: Vietnam, China, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore

Shipments: 94.8 million

Optical, Photo, Technical, and Medical Apparatus

Import Value: US$ 8.79 billion

Share of Total Imports: 4.57%

Top Import Destinations: Uzbekistan, United States, India, Belgium

Shipments: 181.7k

Articles of Iron or Steel

Import Value: US$ 6.59 billion

Share of Total Imports: 3.39%

Top Import Destinations: India, Vietnam, China

Shipments: 85.1 million

Iron and Steel

Import Value: US$ 5.93 billion

Share of Total Imports: 3.12%

Top Import Destinations: India, China, Germany, Mexico, Japan

Shipments: 24.1 million

Organic Chemicals

Import Value: US$ 5.85 billion

Share of Total Imports: 3.08%

Top Import Destinations: Germany, India, Netherlands, Belgium, Italy

Shipments: 4.3k

Fruits and Nuts

Import Value: US$ 5.44 billion

Share of Total Imports: 2.86%

Top Import Destinations: Germany, Poland, Switzerland

Shipments: 31.3k

Major Import Partners of Russia

China

Import Value: US$ 76.92 billion

Germany

Import Value: US$ 28.35 billion

United States

Import Value: US$ 19.26 billion

Belarus

Import Value: US$ 18.54 billion

Korea

Import Value: US$ 15.22 billion

France

Import Value: US$ 13.33 billion

Italy

Import Value: US$ 12.67 billion

Japan

Import Value: US$ 10.60 billion

Kazakhstan

Import Value: US$ 8.42 billion

Turkey

Import Value: US$ 7.59 billion

Russia's Imports from India: 2023-24

Total Import Value: US$ 2.5 billion

Total Shipments: 6.2k

Number of Importers: 625 Russian importers

Number of Exporters: 382 Indian exporters

Major Imports: Packaged medicaments, crustaceans, large flat-rolled stainless steel

Growth Rate: 19.2% increase over the past seven years

Conclusion

Russia's import landscape is diverse, encompassing everything from machinery and electronic equipment to pharmaceutical products and organic chemicals. The country's reliance on international trade is evident from its extensive list of import partners and the significant volume of imports. As Russia continues to innovate and develop, its import needs will remain crucial to sustaining its economic growth and meeting domestic demands.

For exporters looking to tap into the Russian market, understanding the main imports and key trade partners is essential. Eximpedia.app offers comprehensive data and insights to help you navigate the complexities of international trade with Russia.

#globaltradedata #importofRussia #topimportsofRussia #relationshipbetweenRussiaandIndia #eximpedia #Russia'simport

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seairexim · 6 months

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Kazakhstan, in Eurasia's heart, acts as a key link between European and Asian markets. Its strategic position and rich resources highlight its role in global trade, with its trade data revealing significant opportunities for businesses and researchers. Explore the Blog "Insider Secrets to Understanding Kazakhstan Trade Data Transactions" Now!

#global trade data #export #import #international trade #trade data #trade market #global market #import data #import export data #custom data #kazakhstan trade data #kazakhstan import export data #kazakhstan export data #kazakhstan customs data #kazakhstan

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naveenkumarsin32 · 1 month

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Azerbaijan import export data | global import export data provider

Spot export opportunities in the Azerbaijan market with Azerbaijan import export data reports. Discover AAzerbaijan major imports by country, price, ports, importer and exporter. Get the latest and Historical Azerbaijan customs data with Exim Trade Data. Request a free sample on Azerbaijan import data at https://eximtradedata.com/country-wise-azerbaijan-import-and-export-data

More information about Kazakhstan's fruits & berries imports dipped slightly in 2023 : https://globalimportexportdataprovider.blogspot.com/2024/06/kazakhstans-fruits-berries-imports.html

#Azerbaijancustomsdata #Azerbaijanimportexportdata #globalimportexportdataprovider #Azerbaijanshipmentdata #Azerbaijantradedata #Azerbaijanimportdata #Azerbaijanexportdata #importexportdata #globalimportexportdata

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mariacallous · 1 year

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While everyone is watching the latest drama unfold in the Black Sea, mysterious shipping journeys are taking place in the Caspian Sea. The massive lake—the world’s largest—is bordered by Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Russia, and Iran. And these days, the ocean-like sea is the scene of enormous volumes of hush-hush shipping involving primarily Russian and Iranian vessels.

The past three months have each seen more than 600 AIS gaps by Russian-flagged vessels alone, up from just over 100 per month during the same period last year. (AIS is the automatic identification system, which virtually all commercial vessels are obliged to use; AIS gaps are the periods of time when a vessel’s system stops transmitting.) Russian and Iranian vessels traveling between the two countries are also conducting dark port calls—calling at ports with their AIS switched off—and some are even spoofing their location. Russia is entering the shadow economy.

On a recent day, 12 vessels traveling between Russia and Iran in the Caspian Sea were conducting dark port calls. (All were owned by Russian or Iranian entities, flying under Russian or Iranian flag, or both.)

The vessels clearly wanted the outside world to know as little as possible about their presence in those ports—and there’s no global maritime police force that makes sure vessels obey rules and regulations. To be sure, over the years, various ships that were up to no good have turned off their AIS—but when it happens at large scale, involving one of the world’s most powerful countries, it undermines the maritime rules that make global shipping possible.

Indeed, on the same randomly selected day when 12 vessels were making dark port calls, 12 others were conducting ship-to-ship transfers, a maneuver that is perfectly innocuous when it involves a large vessel and a smaller one that can call on smaller ports but is also common among ships trying to obfuscate their journeys.

And that’s just one part of the mystery that shrouds shipping on the Caspian Sea these days. In May, 138 Russian-flagged ships sailing on the Caspian produced 657 gaps in their AIS. In June, there were 625 such gaps involving 160 vessels, and in July there were at least 630 involving 157 vessels, according to data provided by Lloyd’s List Intelligence. That’s four times as many AIS gaps as during May, June, and July last year, when Russia-flagged ships on the Caspian Sea went dark 159, 135, and 138 times, respectively.

In May this year, 48 Iranian-flagged vessels had 199 AIS gaps; in June, 48 Iranian vessels had 218 gaps, and in July 47 vessels had 192 gaps. That’s a few more vessels per month than during the same time last year—and about twice as many AIS gaps. A significant number of the AIS-gap vessels were traveling between Russian and Iranian ports.

By comparison, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, and Turkmen ships traveling in the Caspian Sea had very few AIS gaps. They seem to be following the rules—for now. But if they decided they wanted to obscure their activities, it would be hard to stop them.

Indeed, the Russian and Iranian AIS gaps are not just the accidental kind caused by technical problems or the weather: Between 149 and 169 of them lasted four to seven days, and 50 to 92 lasted between eight and 14 days.

“In its rhetoric Russia has been pushing this route, and to some extent the Russians know they’re being watched,” said Bridget Diakun, the Lloyd’s List data analyst who conducted the analysis for Foreign Policy. “The Caspian Sea is really convenient for trade with Iran, and the Russians can bring ships there from the Sea of Azov. It seems they’re trying to hide elements of their activity, whatever that activity may be. Using AIS alone, we can’t see what exactly they’re doing, but the Caspian Sea is busier than it used to be.”

Indeed, the AIS gaps are not the only constant feature involving Russian and Iranian ships in the Caspian Sea these days. Between May to July, my research assistant, Katherine Camberg, identified regular dark port calls and ship-to-ship transfers involving Russian or Iranian vessels—often in the double digits. Things in the Caspian Sea “are just very weird right now,” Diakun concluded.

Then there’s spoofing, the practice of setting the AIS to broadcast a false position. On the same randomly selected day that saw 12 Russian and Iranian vessels conducting dark port calls and 12 others conducting ship-to-ship transfers, four Russian and Iranian vessels were spoofing their location to make it look as if they were stationary in a port off the Caspian Sea when they were, in fact, sailing some distance away in the Caspian.

Even though ships traversing the Caspian Sea between Russia and Iran don’t have to worry about inconvenient inspections in Russian or Iranian ports, they clearly think it advisable to travel surreptitiously. That may be because their business is growing. Before its invasion of Ukraine, Russia didn’t have much need for trade with Iran. In 2020, it exported a little more than $1.4 billion worth of goods to Iran and imported goods for nearly $800 million. (No, the figure was not a result of COVID-19: In the three years before that, trade between the two countries was even lower.) Then, in 2021, it leaped to Russian exports of more than $3 billion and imports of nearly $1 billion.

Since then, the Ukraine war has also turned Iran into a much-needed supplier of weapons to Russia. In June, Russia said it expects a free-trade agreement with Iran and other countries in Eurasia to be signed by the end of the year, and Iran says it counts on “huge volumes” of oil and gas swaps with Russia. But most of the vessels making clandestine journeys aren’t tankers but cargo vessels. In July, for example, 20 of the vessels that sailed off the radar during their journeys were tankers transporting oil and chemical products, while 129 were cargo vessels, the Lloyd’s List Intelligence data shows. So what are the vessels transporting, and why are they so eager for their activities to remain shrouded in mystery?

The mysterious journeys on the Caspian Sea are an apt illustration of today’s Russian economy. Just a couple of years ago, Russia was an established member of the globalized economy, albeit one under various Western sanctions. In June 2021, the United States still exported $536.6 million worth of goods to Russia and imported goods for $2.7 billion. Today, Russia is shut out of trading with the world’s most advanced economies. In June this year, the United States imported Russian goods worth $411.7 million and exported goods for a mere $30.9 million.

Russian companies have definitely managed to strengthen their relationships with countries such as China, India, and Turkey: In 2022, Russia imported twice as much from Turkey as it did in 2021. But Russia also has to trade more with outcasts like Iran—and it has to behave like them, too.

Expect many more dark journeys and port calls in the Caspian Sea, many more ship-to-ship transfers, and more AIS spoofing. Yes, Russia has managed to occupy and hold parts of Ukraine since it launched its invasion 18 months ago, but trading as a pariah is desperately cumbersome.

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chemanalystdata · 4 months

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Ulexite Prices, Price Trend, Pricing, News, Analysis & Forecast

Ulexite Prices, a mineral also known as "TV rock" due to its unique optical properties, has garnered attention for its various industrial applications, particularly in the realm of telecommunications and optics. As demand for high-quality optical components continues to rise across industries such as telecommunications, aerospace, and defense, the pricing dynamics of ulexite have become increasingly significant. The market for ulexite is influenced by a multitude of factors, including supply and demand dynamics, technological advancements, geopolitical factors, and environmental regulations.

Supply and demand dynamics play a crucial role in determining ulexite prices. Ulexite is primarily mined in regions such as the United States, Turkey, Chile, Argentina, and Kazakhstan. Fluctuations in production levels, mining regulations, and geopolitical tensions in these regions can impact the availability of ulexite in the market. Additionally, as industries such as telecommunications and optics expand, the demand for ulexite as a raw material for optical components increases, putting upward pressure on prices.

Technological advancements also influence ulexite prices. As industries develop new applications for ulexite, such as in fiber optic technology and high-definition displays, the demand for high-purity ulexite with specific optical properties grows. Consequently, manufacturers may invest in technologies to enhance the extraction and purification processes of ulexite, leading to higher production costs that can be reflected in the market price of ulexite.

Get Real Time Prices of Ulexite: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/ulexite-1442

Geopolitical factors, such as trade tensions and international regulations, can impact the pricing of ulexite. Changes in trade policies, tariffs, or diplomatic relations between ulexite-producing countries and major importing regions can disrupt supply chains and lead to price fluctuations. Moreover, environmental regulations aimed at mitigating the ecological impact of ulexite mining may increase production costs for miners, potentially leading to higher prices for ulexite in the market. Environmental sustainability is increasingly becoming a focal point for ulexite pricing. As concerns over climate change and environmental degradation mount, stakeholders in the ulexite industry are under pressure to adopt sustainable mining practices and minimize their ecological footprint. Investments in eco-friendly mining technologies and adherence to stringent environmental regulations may increase production costs, which can be passed on to consumers through higher ulexite prices.

Market sentiment and investor speculation also contribute to ulexite price volatility. Speculative trading in commodity markets can amplify price movements, leading to short-term fluctuations in ulexite prices. Moreover, macroeconomic factors such as inflation, currency exchange rates, and global economic growth prospects can influence investor sentiment and drive demand for ulexite as a hedge against inflation or economic uncertainty.

In conclusion, ulexite prices are subject to a complex interplay of supply and demand dynamics, technological advancements, geopolitical factors, environmental regulations, and market sentiment. As industries continue to innovate and evolve, the demand for ulexite and its derivatives is expected to grow, exerting upward pressure on prices. However, uncertainties surrounding geopolitical tensions, environmental sustainability, and market speculation pose challenges to price stability in the ulexite market. Stakeholders in the ulexite industry must navigate these challenges effectively to ensure the sustainable growth of the market while meeting the evolving needs of various industries.

Get Real Time Prices of Ulexite: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/ulexite-1442

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rabbitcruiser · 2 years

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International Snow Leopard Day

History Of International Snow Leopard Day

Fascinating Facts About Snow Leopards

Snow leopards are able to prey on animals that are up to three times their own body weight.

They have massive, thick tails, which are able to help them maintain balance and shield them from harsh weather. Their tails are almost as long as their entire body.

The fur on the stomach of a snow leopard is almost five inches thick. This is so that they can survive in the harsh and cold mountain climates.

These animals are often referred to as ‘ghosts of the mountain’ because they spend most of their lives in solitude and they are rarely seen.

What Threats Do Snow Leopards Face?

How To Observe International Snow Leopard Day

There are a number of different ways that you can support International Snow Leopard Day. So, here are some suggestions…

Get creative – Another way to show your support is to get creative. There are some activities online involving the snow leopard. You can find a fun activity sheet via the WWF website.

Order a WWF Explore Badge – Another way to show your support for International Snow Leopard Day is to order a WWF Badge. This is something else that you can get on the WWF website.

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argroupofedu5 · 8 months

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Understanding the Financial Aspect of Studying MBBS in Kazakhstan

The fee of pursuing a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) diploma in Kazakhstan varies depending on the college, place, and different factors. As of my remaining understanding in January 2022, right here is a top level view of the MBBS fees in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has come to be a famous vacation spot for worldwide college students looking for low-priced and high-satisfactory scientific training. boasts numerous universities with MBBS applications which can be diagnosed via way of means of worldwide scientific our bodies consisting of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Medical Council of India (MCI).

Tuition Fees:

Tuition charges for MBBS applications in Kazakhstan are particularly decreasing in comparison to many Western countries. On average, the yearly training charges for worldwide college students variety from $3,000 to $6,000 USD. However, this will range primarily based totally at the college and the precise application.

Living Expenses:

The fee of residing in Kazakhstan is normally lower than in lots of Western countries. International college students have to price range for lodging, food, transportation, and different private fees. On average, college students may also want an extra $3,000 to $5,000 USD in line with 12 months for residing fees.

Accommodation:

Most universities in Kazakhstan provide lodging alternatives for worldwide college students. On-campus dormitories are typically extra low-priced than off-campus housing. The fee of lodging can variety from $500 to $1,500 USD in line with 12 months, relying at the form of housing and its place

Travel Expenses:

International college students have to additionally keep in mind tour fees while making plans for their price range. This consists of the fee of airfare to Kazakhstan and any extra tour inside the.

Miscellaneous Costs:

Additional fees may also encompass fitness coverage, visa charges, books, and different miscellaneous fees. Health coverage is obligatory for worldwide college students and may cost around $two hundred to $500 USD in 12 months.

Exchange Rates:

It's vital to keep in mind currency trading quotes while making plans for fees. Exchange quotes can affect the general fee of training and residing fees for worldwide college students.

Scholarships and Financial Aid:

Some universities in Kazakhstan provide scholarships or monetary resources to worldwide college students primarily based totally on instructional overall performance or different criteria. Prospective college students have to study and inquire approximately to have opportunities.

Duration of the Program: The MBBS application in Kazakhstan usually lasts for 6 years. Students have to calculate the full fee of this system via means of multiplying the yearly fees via means of the range of years of Payment Plans: Universities may also provide bendy fee plans to ease the monetary burden on college students. It's recommended to test with the respective universities concerning fee alternatives and deadlines.

In conclusion,

At the same time as the fee of pursuing an MBBS fees in Kazakhstan is normally extra low-priced in comparison to many Western countries, potential college students have to cautiously keep in mind all fees and plan their price range accordingly. It's important to analyse precise universities, their charges, and to have aid offerings to make knowledgeable selections approximately pursuing scientific training in Kazakhstan. Keep in mind that charge systems may also have been modified considering the fact that my remaining replacement is in January 2022, so it's far recommended to affirm the present day data with the respective universities or dependable sources.