#manatee shaped bread

[burnt-scone]

I'm gonna miss him. 😔

[naturenaruto]

Hehe hello I am here with questions from that ask game:

which cryptid being do you believe in?

a scenario that you’ve replayed multiple times?

what’s your take on spicy foods?

⸜(*ˊᗜˋ*)⸝ thankyou!

i had to look up a list to see whch ive heard of and honestly i think something like the loch ness probly exists! or did! haha like probly was some kind of sea creture like a different shape of manatee lol. like why not! ppl just probly dress up as bigfoot lol

ooo a scenerio that i like alot is i like to daydream about going back in time to relive my life but d i f f e r e n t lol. i like to imagine how a single different choice wouldve changed so much......ah..........

spicy foods i looooooveee uu......but u do not love me.......i like the taste of some spiceyness unless its toooo spicy andbut alas i am simply built for plain white food......plain rice......boiled potatos.....white bread.....a beautiful plain salted cracker.....these are the foods i am made for 😔

[indigoartistqueen]

that is a cat begging to be painted omg???

SHES LIKE A SUMMERFIELD PAINTING??? Idk how to describe but YEA

Luna is such a darling 🥰🥰🥰

Shes a loaf of bread!!!

Her precious lil earssssss 🥰🥰🥰🥰 the most shaped whiskers too??? Like its such a unique feature

thank you for the cat I dont have cats but I've got sky pictures!

Manatees^^^

can yall send me ur pets and their names and tell me why they're named what they are? Esp if they're cats or birds cuz I'm just having an absolutely fantastic time rn /sarcastic

[infiniteorbits]

last updated

1.

“amelie” - last updated 3/30/23 at 10:31

likes

- when songs blend into each other

- untangling necklaces

- restoration videos

- doorbells that play songs

dislikes

- when previously melted popcorn butter hardens

- when people laugh or talk at the end of songs

- restoration vids that r actually transformation

- when musical movies have less/no songs in the second half 

2.

“now twitter” - last updated 3/30/23 at 17:03

3/28

- dunkin is very hit or miss. luckily for both of us i will take whatever is given to me in any situation ever. - 07:59

- i’m a good kid just mentally disturbed - 9:49

- why is it always hot as balls in [building] i am DYING! - 9:57

3.

“lyrics” - last updated 3/28/23 at 21:06

are you there? - sbd

- “is there anyone in the audience currently living in vain?”

nights - frank ocean

- “wanna see nirvana but don’t wanna die”

4.

“band names” - last updated 4/2/23 at 17:04

i called it

señor manatee

morph suit with the genitals cut out

western haircut

vape gosh

car moth

snail gunk shoes

banana fever

radiobread

nonconsensual gymnastics routine

goodbye endemic fish

uneven sunburn

bread zeppelin

phoebe breadgers

self-imposed bald spot

turtle crossing

5.

“wowowowow” - last updated 3/19/23 at 21:21 (excerpt 1/3)

i really only wake up to go back to sleep again

i dont wanna leave my house because then i have to put on clothes and look at my body. i hate watching tiktok because i see other people’s bodies and hate mine. i hate existing

do you ever yearn to be loved by someone that doesn’t exist so badly that your body aches. do you ever ever want to pull out ur hair bc ur so ashamed of your own thoughts that you cant exist

6.

“dreams” - last updated 2/2/23 at 06:27

night of 12/22/22

[person 1] and [person 2] shit themselves. it seemed to be a reoccurring event bc [freshman year teacher], [person 3], and [person 4] were disappointed

7.

“try god: 1060 AM” - last updated 3/10/23 at 19:36

(is an atheist station)

9/16/19 : 2

11/5/19 : 1

12/5/19: 1

1/14/20 : 1

5/24/21: 1

7/28/21: 1

8/12/21: 1

9/3/21: 1

12/29/21: 1 (roche bros [town] parking lot)

9/23/22: 1

3/9/23: 1 (the bitch had like 2 stickers tho!!!)

8.

“hm” - last updated 1/22/23 at 22:57

“i’m not like you, other people’s problems don’t make me feel better” - [redacted]

9.

“wowowowow” - last updated 3/19/23 at 21:21 (excerpt 2/3)

how the fuck do candles burn out the wax doesn’t evaporate right

welcome to the achery, what can i get u? vomit, comin right up!

the world is made of orbits

the moon around the earth

the earth around the sun

our solar system around the middle

even little galaxies orbit around ours

i suppose that even we, as people,

orbit too

i like to think

that i orbit around you

10.

“i miss all the angel numbers and i keep getting mad bc i dont have to a reason to keep thinking of u”  - last updated 3/4/23 at 13:09

people kinda just age out of me.

11.

untitled - last updated 3/28/22 at 10:46

i dont know what to write. i dont wanna seem like im not workin gbut i just…. cant do this right now. i had to walk to school today and i wanted to die. i mean realistically thats not truly a bad thing. the walk is like ten minutes and its in Rennes and im lucky to be here and to be able to walk and go to school and breathe clean air and whatnot. but im so tired. so tired. it took my nearly an hour to pick out my clothes today. i decided on a shirt and jeans that dont look good together at all and that are half dry bc the dryer just does not work in this house for some damn reason and its fucking annoying. i did my makeup because i was looking atrocious- my hair was wet because i finally got myself to shower after god knows how long (less than a week i presume - i think i last showered the weekend before this week?) and the lack of shape to my hair and the weird way my face looks after i wake up or shower or do anything made me need to sit down and inevitably still be upset when its over. i dreamt that i saw [redacted #2]. it was another one of those dreams where theres a big storm or tsunami or combination of the two and we all had to huddle in a school building that looks kind of like this one but not really. i was so excited to see her and i almost cried in my dream. but i barely saw her for the rest of the dream, she was off with [redacted #3] and her other friends and not me. i was left behind. they left without me. i’m not mad at her for this because she hasnt done this to me yet but i know she will so i guess im preemptively sad and mad and upset even though i have no reason to be and thats not fair to her. i am at myself and the person in front of me and how she treats me like im stupid and i dont want to be stupid and i know im not stupid but there is nothing i can do. i know that seems dramatic. “nothing i can do.” there is. there probably is. i really hope there is but at the same time i hope there isnt because then its true. i am stupid. i do get my work done or at least the work i know that i need to get done and my grades are fine i have like a 3.67 unweighted which isnt great but not like awful. i know i could do better. i know i could work harder. i have worked harder before but its gone now and shes gone now and im gone now. im gone now. im gone now. 

12.

“favs” - last updated 3/18/22 at 15:19

bc i always seem to forget

music

dirty computer - janelle monae

sawdust - the killers

sgt peppers lonely heart club band - the beatles

rubber soul - the beatles

stranger in the alps - phoebe bridgers

apricot princess - rex orange county

punisher - phoebe bridgers 

ow - pom pom squad

turkey dinner - pinky pinky

death of a cheerleader- pom pom squad

13.

“list of issues (current)” - last updated 8/17/22 at 07:46

- [ ] chronic/crippling fear of death (usually intrusive)

- [ ] shortness of breath/high resting heart rate

- [ ] trouble sleeping (falling asleep, keepingg eyelids closed, fear of dreams [lack of control], fear of unconsciousness)

- [ ] usually naseous or having abdominal issues

- [ ] head hurts all the time

- [ ] lack of control with my thoughts

- [ ] depression :( - am i taking too much of my meds?

14.

untitled - last updated 9/7/21 at 06:51

ah oui!! désolé, j’avais fatigué donc j’ai oublié envoyer un text. on est en bus et on va arriver à 15:16

merci pour ce skype!!! j’ai aimé faire de connaissance de votre famille :) j’étais enthousiaste d’aller avant mais maintenant je suis plus enthousiaste (j’ai pensé que c’est ne pas possible!). mes parents se sentent impatients à l’idée que je vais habiter avec vous. je ne peux pas attendre pour vous rencontrer en personne!!!

15.

“grocery list” - last updated 6/7/21 at 10:37

- [x] watermelon

- [ ] orange juice

- [ ] plants

- [ ] ice

- [ ] muffins

- [ ] 

16.

“bus writing assignment” - last updated 10/19/21 at 18:05

-doja cat plays

-everyone is on their phone, with wired headphones

-old bus or new? blue model with the facing hanging handicapped seats

-new bus, c3

-woman quiet her phone

-baby blows bubbles than screams, a child laughs

-people look up as siren passes

-12 year olds laugh and play hand games in the back

-girl with dyed hair (color i want)

-its so hot, holding my bag

-i can hear music of man standing near me

- vaguely familiar man walks in

- office man

- u express bag reminds me of my own

-- woman stands to get off, holding an umbrella, clear with ocean designs (why does she have umbrella? its sunny? i have an umbrella but its new. shes holding it like its fragile bht not new)

- almost miss my stop once i realize i dont know where i am

- lost in writing

- nvm got off one too early

- ill walk ig

17.

“wowowowow” - last updated 3/19/23 at 21:21 (excerpt 3/3)

i agree with the catholics sometimes

like when they mention gay people

and get that look in their eyes

i tilt my head down in shame

but i also put my head down to pray

/

i don’t know if being gay is a sin

but it sure as hell is a punishment

i wonder if future me is looking at me now

crying on the bus, mask soaked with tears

i know she is, because can feel her holding me

i feel her hug and her tears on my shoulders

i hope she’s happy in the way i want to be

18.

untitled - last updated 9/19/19 at 07:58

kantism: you must follow your moral code always with no exceptions, which is defined as something that is good in all situations (intent matters, impact does a bit). 

utilitarianism: do what makes the most people happy (intent doesn’t matter, impact does). morality is defined by amount of happiness.

contractialism: if you agree to a contract, explicit or not, you must follow it. while the contract may not benefit you at all times, it is better than living in a world of “natural law”, a world with no contracts and no security.

virtue theory: if we try to be good people, good actions will follow (good intent = good impact). everyone should be good people because it is in our nature, it is our function. you are good if you fulfill your function and bad if you do not

natural law theory: god gave us the ability to be good

[artbeacondsm]

10/5

Wangechi Mutu’s "Water Woman" (source)

relative of the manatee

Wangechi Mutu is a Kenyan born internationally renowned artist who has studied in both New York and Nairobi. She will speak about her work and developments in her art and how the events in her life have influenced and shaped her practice. The Des Moines Art Center accessioned Mutu's stunning black bronze "Water Woman" in 2017, a sculpture of a Nguva, a water-woman of East African folklore that blends human characteristics with those of the endangered Dugong, a relative of the manatee. The Art Center also featured two of Mutu’s films "Cutting," 2004, as part of the exhibition Wanderlust: Actions, Traces, Journeys 1967 – 2017 and "The End of eating Everything," 2013 as part of the Single-channel series Journey into Peripheral Worlds.

Registration is Free

-

thursday

5 PM Bob Cooper & Douglas Morgan Ankeny Art Center 5 PM State Change, works by Emily Jalinsky CSPS 5:30 PM Bread and Puppet Theater Grinnell 7 PM Artist Lecture: Wangechi Mutu Des Moines Art Center

friday

5 PM The Art of Momentum Mainframe Studios 5 PM Meet the Artist in Washington LET's Center for the Healing & Creative Arts 5 PM Spooky House PS1 6 PM Katelynn Tracy DSM Brew 6 PM Rain on Vacation / New Work by Whitney Nastanovich The Lift

saturday

10 AM 2018 Ames Area Studio Tour

sunday

Noon 2018 Ames Area Studio Tour 4 PM dumb mud // Rebecca Beachy Rush Hall at Wilkins

–

opportunities

**new and last chance**

Waubonsie Iowa State Park ​Artist-in-Residence Apply Now

**Ballet Des Moines Artist In Residence Deadline Oct 19**

Finding Inspiration-CFE Deadline November 11th

Support Art Beacon on Patreon for a dollar a month.

-

Art Beacon is supported with monthly financial contributions provided by Visionary and also through individual support on Patreon. Your support helps us spread the word about artists making and showing their work in our community.

[nancydrew428]

Nancy Drew Recipes

Appetizers/Sides

Adobe Bread

Cucumber Tea Sandwiches (w/Black Tea)

Deviled Eggs

Hidden Staircase Biscuits

Palladium Stove-Top Popcorn

Patrick’s Crackers

Phantom Eggs

Savannah Crab Cakes

Shadow Ranch Barbecued Beans

Snack Bar Delights

Soft Pretzel

Sunny Fry Bread

Vanishing Nut Bread

White Queso Cheese Dip

Beverages

Afterglow

Apple Pie Moonshine

Bleeding Horse

Donal’s Crow’s Nest

Ginger Whisper

Lemonade Disguise

Leprechaun’s Lunch (usually alcoholic)

Minty Festival Punch

Nancy Drew AKA Hardy Boy (alcoholic)

Pine Hill Punch

Scarlet Slipper Raspberry Punch

Smuggler’s Gold

Desserts

<3 Gummies

All American Pie: Everything but the Crust (milkshake)

Amber’s Cookies (page 81)

Apple Crisp

Apple Turnover

Bento Box Cookies (page 89)

Bento Cookies (page 110-111)

Big Mike’s Shaved Ice

Blondies

Blueberry Muffins

Butter

Captain’s Cove Cookie Fundae (page 125)

Carlahna’s Nancy Drew Cookies (page 7)

Carson Drew’s Cheesecake

Castle Malloy Easter Eggs (page 40)

Character Cookies (page 98)

Charlotte’s Mask Cookies (page 42)

Cherry Pie

Chinese Moon Cookies (page 127)

Chocobread Shadow Ranch (page 112-113)

Chocolate Angel Cake

Chocolate Chip Cookie Bars (page 85)

Chocolate Covered Cherry (Milkshake)

Chocolate Pie

Chocolate Sugar Cookie Cut-Outs (page 117-118)

CJ’s Peanut Butter Fudge

Copper Gorge Taffy

Coral’s Icon Cookies (page 135)

Corn Fritters

Crystal’s Sugar Cookies (page 34)

Cut Out Cookies (page 76)

Dare to Play Sugar Cookies (page 115)

Deadly Oaxacan Cookies

Death Threat by Cookie (page 134)

Detective Shield Cookies (page 116)

DNA Sugar Cookies (page 108)

Fairy Drink

Fight Like a Manatee Cookies (page 62)

Fingerprint Dusting Cookies (page 47)

Frank’s Burgers (page 30)

Fundae

Fundae Cookies (page 39)

George’s Cherry Cobbler

Giant Quote Cookies (page 91)

Gina’s Chessboard Cookies (page 13)

Gingerbread Icon Cookies (page 99)

Hannah’s Apple Pudding

Hedgehog Nancy Drew Character Themed Cookies (page 104-105)

Hidden Window Dessert

Homemade Gelato

Icon Peanut Butter Cookies (page 140-141)

Icon Sugar Cookies (page 92)

Invisible Intruder’s Coconut Custard

Jamie’s Sugar Cookies (page 4)

Jam Linzer Cookies (page 131)

Jammie Dodgers

Jing-Jing Ling’s Perfect Size Eights (page 132)

Joseph’s Prehistoric Cookies (page 32)

Kapu Cave Coconut Clusters (page 69)

Katie’s Cookies (page 37)

Kelly’s Sugar Cookies (page 3)

Key (to Enlightenment) Lime Pie

Kezia’s Vanilla Cookies (page 60-61)

Klenät

Koala’s Nancy Drew Cookies (page 51)

KoKo Kringle

KoKo Kringle Bar (page 55)

KoKo Kringle Karamel Krunch Kookies (page 2)

KoKo Kringle Kookies (page 80)

Lemon Vanilla Cookies (page 73-74)

L'enfer (parfait)

Lilac Inn’s Blueberry Pie

Logo Sugar Cookies (page 101)

Lou Lou’s Cookies (page 15)

Maddie’s Sugar Cookies (page 18)

Magnifying Glass Cookies

Magnifying Glass Vanilla Raspberry Cookies (page 138)

Mary’s Bento Cookies (page 45)

Minette’s Mask Sugar Cookies (page 65)

Monkey Cookies (page 44)

Monster Cookie (page 36)

Moon Chunk Cookies (page 14)

Movie Star Lemon Bars

Mr. September’s Lunchbox Favorites (page 24-25)

Mystery Train Cookies (page 100)

Nancy Drew Book Cookies (page 121-122)

Nancy Drew Books (page 95)

Nancy Drew Cursor Cream Cheese Sugar Cookies (page 128)

Nancy Drew Lemon Sugar Cookies (page 137)

Nancy Drew’s SPY Cookies (page 72)

Nancy’s Jellyfish Sandwich (page 46)

Nancy’s Magnifying Glass Cookies (page 20)

Nancy’s Sleuthing Essentials (page 56-57)

Nancy’s Stained Glass Magnifying Glass Cookies (page 96)

New Zealand Sheep (page 23)

Noisette’s Hazelnut Cookies (page 97)

Odyssey to Bananaland

Old Clock Ice Cream Pie

Old Fashioned Sugar Cookies (page 35)

Orange Sorbet (w/ Sugared Oranges)

Peach Cobbler & Vanilla Ice Cream

Peachy Keen

Peanut Butter Cookies (page 82)

Pecan Pie

Peppermint “Hidden Identity” Cookies (page 120)

Prudence Rutherford’s Slippers (page 48-49)

Quigley’s Wasp Cookies (page 12)

Rattlesnake (smoothie)

Renate’s Black Forest Cake

Royal Medallion Cookies (page 33)

Royal Tower Medallion Cookies (page 16)

Ryan’s Gummy Bear Cups (page 29)

Samantha’s Vanilla Sugar Cookies (page 10)

Sarah’s Scottish Shortbread Cookies (page 8)

Sarcophagus Surprise Cookies (page 58-59)

Scoop’s Cappuccino Cream Cookies (page 22)

Scottish Jam Cookies

Secret Message Almond Sugar Cookies (page 93)

Secret of Shadow Ranch Phantom Horse Cookies (page 133)

Shadow Ranch Cake

Shadow Ranch Mint Chocolate Chip Cookies (page 9)

Shoe Print Almond Pecan Cookies (page 139)

Shorty’s Campfire S’mores Cookies (page 11)

Ski Jump Hot Chocolate

Soap Opera Cookies (page 41)

Sorpresa Chocolates

Sonny Joon Cookies (page 54)

Sonny Joon’s (Half-Made) Cookies

Sonny Joon’s Out of This World Mint Chocolate Chip (page 114)

Sugar and Spice Cookies (Sassy Detective Cookies) (page 102-103)

Sugar Cookie Cut Outs (page 86)

Stupid Parrot Cookies (page 107)

Tablet

Takae’s Tea Ceremony Cookies (page 6)

The Birds & Worms of Moon Lake (page 38)

The CAP Amulet Sugar Cookies (page 68)

The CRY Glass Eye Sugar Cookies (page 66)

The Cursed Necklace (page 79)

The Jr. Ranger Badge Sugar Cookies (page 63)

The OTHER Shadow Ranch Cake

The SAW Bento Bear Sugar Cookie (page 67)

The Shadow Ranch Cake Sugar Cookies (page 64)

Thumbprint Sugar Cookies (page 87)

Toffee Studded Snickerdoodles (page 88)

Tommy’s Fruit Yummies

Tower of Hanoi Cookies (page 126)

Vinegar Pie

Visitors from the Sky Cookies (page 53)

White Wolf Track (page 28)

Windmill Cookies (page 31)

Zeke’s Bowling Ball (page 43)

Entrées

A Keene Soup

Baby Back Ribs with “Creature of the Night” Barbecue Sauce

Bahamian Guava Duff

Baklava

Bess’s Secret Chocolate Waffles

Better than Nuthin’ Broccoli Surprise

Bratwurst and Peppers

Cassoulet

Charlie’s Chinese Takeout (General Tso’s Chicken)

Chinese Shrimp Cakes

Coded Steak Rolls

Colcannon

Colin’s Sausage

Colton’s Cheesy Shrimp Grits

Croque Monsieur

Dog’s Eye

Five Southern-Style Drumsticks

French Quiche

Fried Bologna Sandwich

Granny Punkin’s Gumbo

Ham & Sweet Potato Skillet

Hannah’s Cheese Puffs

Hollow Oak Nest Eggs

Icicle Creek Quesadillas

Icicle Creek Salmon

Jambalaya

Koshari

Loop de Loop

Mama-Mia Pizzeria Pizza

Mrs. Fayne’s Famous Rice

Mysterious Letter Chili

Neeps & Tatties

Old Album Meatballs

Old Stagecoach Sausage Loaf

Oklahoma Cheese Grits

Ollie’s Omlette

Open-Faced Creamed Chicken Sandwich

Rattlesnake Chili

River Height’s Fish Dish

Roasted Beets with Champagne Vinaigrette

Scoop’s Bacon Blast

Sleuth Soup

Somethin’s Smokin’ Chili Cheese Dog

Steak Haché et Pommes Frites

Stovies

Tapping Heels Griddle Cakes

The Case of the Smothered Pork Chops

The Sign of the Twisted Candles’ Nut Bread

Togo Dogs

Tolling Bell Tuna Rolls

Veal Kalbsrouladen

Volcano Burger

“World Famous” Clam Chowder

Fruits

George’s “Keep in Shape” Grapefruit

Meals

Bangers and Mash

Chicken and Biscuits

Freddie’s Dinner

Icicle Creek Lodge Breakfast

Ollie’s Dinner

Ollie’s Lunch

Pasta and Veggie Platter

Pinky and Perky

The Maxine

Salads

Bungalow Mystery Salad

Diary Chicken Salad

Double Jinx Salad

Fruit Salad

Moonstone Castle Carrot Salad

Nancy’s Tomato Salad

Pomegranate and Pear Salad

Redondo Spa Delights

Taco Salad

[haemerythrin]

Neocebid Diet and Agriculture (with Translations)

I previously made a post featuring most common neocebid foods and crops from the homelands, but what if you actually wanted to say what they were in a neocebid language? Now you can! Names of crops/foods/items are listed in English first and them in Anbakajaqo. All Anbakajaqo terms are in bold and more literal translations are provided where applicable.

Xanthosoma (Qoah):

Probably the first (non-fruit) crop domesticated by the neocebids, because it could be grown easily from corm cuttings without the need for seeds. It is one of the neocebid staple crops, and it prepared many ways. It can be boiled like potatoes, boiled, dried, and ground into flour (ajjy) for breads (bhaka) and gruels( awax), or roasted over coals(note: it is always cooked to destroy the oxalic acid content). It is used very similarly to cassava (also called “qoah” or “cerep qoah” meaning “bitter xanthosoma”), although cassava was only much later introduced after neocebid expansion into South America, and is not much used in the homelands. A dish similar to tamales (”qoahah/mukikaka bhakanggqe” meaning “little xanthosoma/maize bread”) is made by wrapping dough made from xanthosoma flour, often mixed with maize flour, in either xanthosoma leaves (”qoahah nimv” meaning “leaves of xanthosoma”) or corn husks (”mukikaka ngu’u” meaning “sheath/vagina of the thing that has kernels”)  and cooking it. It can also be made from masa (”mukiki ajjy” meaning “(corn) kernel flour”) alone, but this is less common.

Maize (”Mukika” meaning “Thing That Has Kernels”):

While maize is an important neocebid crop, it is not valued as much as it is in many Maya and Native American cultures. It is instead viewed somewhat as a famine food, owing to it’s use as a preventative for pellagra (”ua’a’apqoqakaka wihnjv” literally meaning “rash of the thing which doesn’t have food/fruit,” but perhaps better translated as “famine rash”) during times of meat scarcity. Like in many Maya and Native American cultures, it is always nixtamalized (”p’ap’aqxe” meaning “limed”) with a calcium hydroxide solution (p’ap’a) to produce hominy (p’ap’aqxe mukika), which has bioavailable niacin and protein, unlike the unprocessed maize(ua’ap’ap’aqxe mukika). It is almost always ground, and is usually eaten as a type of gruel, but as previously mentioned, it is also made into breads and and tamale like products.

Beans (Sahny):

Many types of beans are grown, usually in the same fields as maize. Like maize, they are used as a dietary supplement in times of meat scarcity, owing to their high protein content.

Sweet Potato (”siwisiwi qoah” meaning “Sweet Xanthosoma”) :

A prestige crop, sweet potatoes are beloved by neocebids, whose palates, shaped by frugivory, tend to lean towards the sweeter things in life. They are commonly roasted or boiled, and despite being easy to grow, are typically reserved for special occasions.

Breadnut (”Ajjyjjy Sahny” meaning “flour bean”):

Breadnut is used similarly to maize as a source of b vitamins during times of meat scarcity. Additionally, alongside cacao (”cerep sahny” meaning “bitter bean”, it is powdered and used to flavor drinks.

Squashes (Pómó):

Many cultivars of squash are eaten, mostly derived from Cucurbita pepo, although due to their unique history of cultivation the cultivars are not readily recognizable to humans from our Earth. They are eaten in much the same way as squashes are today.

Cacao (”Cerep Sahny” meaning “Bitter Bean”:

Cacao was initially grown for it’s sweet pulp (manala), but later the fermented seeds began to be used as a flavorant for foods and beverages as well. Chocolate beverages are not typically consumed in their bitter state, but are rather sweetened by a variety of means.

Chili Peppers(Hahaqa):

A favorite among many neocebid cultures, chili peppers are an invaluable flavoring used to cut through the potent starch flavor of xanthosoma and sweet potato. Along with cacao it is used to make a product very similar to mole (”Hasiwi” meaning something like “hotsweet”). It is very commonly eaten with meat (uékó).

Onions (Jamwa):

Like chili peppers, onions were an important source of flavor in otherwise bland dishes.

Whitetail Deer (K’i’k’a):

Probably the most important source of meat for the neocebids. They are hunted using tools like bows (cóhngó) and arrows (pasv), atlatls (”uijvka” meaning “which has a hook” , and many arboreal ambush techniques pioneered by the neocebids. Meat is eaten with many spices and flavorings (’héla), and organs (”siwisiwi uékó” meaning “sweet meats”) are a favorite part of the animal due to their sweeter visceral flavor.

Ocellated Turkey (Ggoggo):

The second most important source of meat, turkey were raised for a number of uses. Alongside their meat, their eggs (wupó) were an essential source of cholesterol, and they were a common source of nutritious broth (“soq’aq’a ama” meaning “bone water”). Non-culinary uses include using the feathers (c’vbha) for decoration and as writing instruments (”qoj amama c’vbha” meaning “black water feathers”). Ocellated turkeys are both farmed and hunted.

Other Meats (Arra Uékó):

Many, many other animals were hunted for their meat, including but not limited to: fish (muia), shellfish (”jymuka” meaning “who has a shell” or “(amama) k’akxé” meaning “(water) insect”, peccaries (hnóhnó), manatees (“amama hnguau” meaning “water tapir”) , birds (”c’vbhaka” meaning “who has feathers”, iguanas (q’op’a), Baird’s tapir (hnguau), insects (k’akxé), and even smaller monkeys (”ua’a’anbaka” meaning “who has no soul” or “non-person”).

Chaya (”Nimv” meaning simply “Leaves”):

The most common leaf vegetable for neocebids living in the homelands. It, like xanthosoma, must be cooked thoroughly to be eaten safely. It is eaten similarly to spinach.

Jícama (Kxana):

Jícama was grown and eaten in much the same way as it is today, albeit on a larger scale.

Fruits (Apqoqa):

One of the most important components of the neocebid diet is fruit. Many many varieties of fruit are grown and foraged for. These include but are not limited to figs (higaxx), chayote(”pómó’apqoqa” meaning “squashfruit”), avocado (lóka), red and yellow mamey (”p’exx” and “k’éla” respectively), soursop (”piwiungka sahny” meaning “bean of that which has shaking” or “seizure bean”), pineapple (kóci), papaya (hngama), tomato (owohni), tomatillo(”ówóhnenggqe” meaning “little tomato”, guava (piswiv), prickly pear (”q’eq’eq’i apqoqa” meaning “cactus fruit”), and many, many more. Fruit is often grown in a type of forest garden (kópan) wherein large areas of forest are tended to and maintained by neocebids for their fruit. Other types of fruit, like pineapple, are grown in walled gardens on the forrest fringes (”lé’ika kópan” meaning “forest garden which has walls”).

Honey (”Siwisiwika” meaning “who has sweet(ness)”):

Honey is commonly produced as a sweetener through meliponiculture, using stingless native bees (bhubh), as European and North African honeybees were never introduced. While it was initially harvested from wild bees, it is now also harvested from kept bees.

Non-Culinary Crops:

The primary non-culinary crops are cotton (poqon), rubber (mimah), tobacco (hóuó), and copal (”rreba mimah” meaning “yellow rubber”) , grown for textiles, crafting, smoking and chewing, and incense respectively.

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Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations

Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Diagram

Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations List

Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Generator

Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Chart

The electromechanical characteristics of induction motors depend on the used stator and rotor slot combination. The correlation between the usage of different stator and rotor slot number combinations, magnetic flux density distributions, no-load iron losses and rated load winding over-temperatures for a specific induction motor is presented. Modulation motor is the world’s most innovative AC induction motor.Although it is basically a single-winding, two-speed squirrel cage motor, the PAM motor features one outstanding characteristic that makes it versatile in application and efficient in operation, especially where less than peak load operation is desired: the PAM motor does not. Hi There, I'm in the process of trying to design a 36 pole induction motor for one of our test beds in the factory. It'll be used to test a range of winches that we manufacture and by controlling this motor through a VSD we can perform certain tests without the primary gear box that gets fitted to the completed unit. Higher pole numbers. It is possible to find high winding factors by varying the slot pitch as studied in 2 or alternatively by finding a good combination between slot and pole numbers. This second approach is more challenging because of the high number of possible combinations when the pole number is high. It is investigated in this study.

There are many much more interesting questions related to the pole number of induction motors, e.g.: 1. Does the induction motor supplied by the main grid (say, 50 Hz) increases its torque capability in 'p' times with growing pole number 'p' since its speed decreases in 'p' time (like in a gearbox)? 2. Let's we have an induction motor with p=2 and feed it from 50 Hz grid. Then we re-connect the winding coils to arrange p=4 and feed if grow 100 Hz grid. Are performances of these two motors different or the same? Please note excluding frequency and inter-coil connections all remained the same. It depends on the required speed. n (rpm) = (60 x f) / N where:- f = frequency and N = number of pole pairs. The 60 is there to convert from revolutions per second to revolutions per minute as the frequency is in cycles per second. Pole pairs is there because that any pole must be constructed in a pairs top and bottom / left right, so with one cycle it will move half the distance. If you are using 50Hz and have a two pole motor 60 x 50 / 1 = 3000 rpm. The induction motor will run at a slight less speed due to 'slip' which is what gives the motor its torque. For example 5.5kW, 400v, 2 pole motor will run at approximately 2880 rpm. For a four pole machine, 60 x 50 / 2 = 1500 rpm so the same size motor at 5.5kW, 400v but 4 poles will have a nominal speed of 1500rpm but will run near 1455 rpm. When selecting a three phase motor, the number of poles is chosen to achieve the speed of rotation that you require. Here are two tables, one for a 50 Hz power supply and one for a 60 Hz power supply: The formula is n = 60 x f /p where n = synchronous speed; f = supply frequency & p = pairs of poles per phase. The actual running speed is the synchronous speed minus the slip speed. For a 50 Hz three phase supply:

2 poles or 1 pair of poles = 3,000 RPM (minus the slip speed = about 2,750 RPM or 6 -7% n) 4 poles or 2 pairs of poles = 1,500 RPM 6 poles or 3 pairs of poles = 1,000 RPM 8 poles or 4 pairs of poles = 750 RPM 10 poles or 5 pairs of poles = 600 RPM 12 poles or 6 pairs of poles = 500 RPM 16 poles or 8 pairs of poles = 375 RPM

For a 60 Hz three phase supply:

2 poles or 1 pair of poles = 3,600 RPM (minus the slip speed = about 2,750 RPM or 6 -7% n) 4 poles or 2 pairs of poles = 1,800 RPM 6 poles or 3 pairs of poles = 1,200 RPM 8 poles or 4 pairs of poles = 900 RPM 10 poles or 5 pairs of poles = 720 RPM 12 poles or 6 pairs of poles = 600 RPM 16 poles or 8 pairs of poles = 450 RPM

To determine the number of poles, you can read the data plate directly or calculate it from the RPM stated on the data plate or you can count the coils and divide by 3 (poles per phase) or by 6 (pairs of poles per phase). Where the power of the induction motor is constant, the torque increases at the rate that the speed decreases. With the advent of variable frequency drive (VFD), you can have any frequency / rated volts you desire. I often see name plates with things like 575VAC, 42.5 Hz etc. When these 'specials' are made I usually see 6 pole machines - but that may be just a manufacturer's preference.

Introduction

This article reviews the techniques to mitigate noise and vibrations due to magnetic forces in electrical machines (electromagnetically-excited noise and vibrations) based on EOMYS ENGINEERING consulting experience. The content of this article is taken from EOMYS technical trainings on electric motor NVH.

Noise and vibration control techniques of e-motors can be classified in three types:

reduction of the structural response independently of the electromagnetic excitations

reduction of the electromagnetic excitations independently of the structural response

reduction of the number of resonances occuring between electromagnetic excitations and structural modes

The most efficient acoustic noise mitigation techniques are based on the cancellation of the harmonic electromagnetic excitations responsible for vibration and noise.

All these noise control techniques can be applied at early electromagnetic design stage using MANATEE software for the fast calculation of noise and vibrations in electric motors.

Choice of the topology

There is no unique choice for a low noise & vibration machine, but some topologies are more challenging in terms of NVH. This also depends on the application constraints (e.g. power density, fixed speed or variable speed application).

Outer rotor topologies (also called outrunner motor if it is a brushless DC motor) can lead to higher noise & vibration due to rotor yoke lower stiffness compared to an outer stator topology. Fractional-slot winding or more particularly concentrated or tooth winding might lead to higher acoustic noise & vibrations compared to integral distributed winding due a higher number of wavenumbers in the armature field and the possible presence of subharmonics.

The best armature winding is the one creating the most sinusoidal mmf, so the double-layer, shorted-pitch, distributed integral winding. For permament magnet rotors, the best magnet architecture is also the one creating the most sinusoidal rotor mmf, so either Hallbach configuration for surface magnets, or multi-barriers V-shape interior magnets with bread-loaf pole shapes (also called sinusoidal field poles).

MANATEE software can be used to calculate the NVH behaviour of all types of radial flux electric machines, including interior (buried), inset and surface permanent magnet synchronous machines, squirrel cage induction machines, outer rotor and inner rotor electrical machines.New topologies can be easily implemented upon request.

Machine SPMSM_015 Topology

Asymmetries

An electric machine designed to have low harmonic distortion rate magnetomotive forces (e.g. an IPMSM with double-layer shorted-pitch distributed-winding, and V-shaped magnets) can reveal noisy due to manufacturing & assembly tolerances which introduce asymmetries.

Static and dynamic eccentricities increase the spectral density (wavenumbers & frequencies) of harmonic magnetic forces.

Mass & stiffness asymetries (and low number of teeth, introducing discrete distribution of stiffness along yoke) increase the modal density and number of resonances at variable speed.

Uneven airgap modulates magnetic forces and increases the number of different force wavenumbers, increasing the number of structural resonances.

Effect of asymmetries on electromagnetically-excited noise using MANATEE software (left: no asymmetry, right: with asymmetries)

To lower noise and vibrations the machine should be magnetically and geometrically symmetrical:

low tolerance on eccentricities and misalignments

low tolerance on lamination roundness

low tolerance on magnet magnetization dispersion

low tolerance on magnet position in slots

MANATEE software can consider the NVH effect of radial and conical eccentricities, as well as uneven airgap, demagnetization, and pole displacement.

Choice of the pole / slot / phase numbers

Generalities

Increasing the number of slot per pole per phase reduces the harmonic density of airgap flux and resulting magnetic forces.

Increasing the number of pole pairs gives a lower electromagnetic yoke height, thus higher vibration & noise. However, the lowest force wavenumber is also given by the Greatest Common Divider between stator slot and pole numbers in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: increasing p also potentially increases GCD(Zs,2p), resulting in lower electromagnetic vibrations.

These examples show that changing the slot/pole/phase combination involves different electromagnetic and vibro-acoustic opposite effects, so numerical simulation with MANATEE software is advised.

Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Diagram

Case of induction machines

The number of rotor slots Zr is a key design parameter as it influences both wavenumbers and frequencies of Maxwell harmonic forces. Pole/slot interactions in induction machines create exciting forces at multiples of the rotor slot passing frequency.

Some empirical rules to choose the slot / pole combination are given in many electrical engineering books such as (1-5). However these rules are continuous, they do not reflect correctly the discrete nature of harmonic force wave and do not account for the stator natural frequencies nor the speed range of the machine. The use of such empirical rules should be avoided and numerical simulation is advised for instance with MANATEE software. An example of the discrete evolution of electromagnetically-excited noise with rotor slot number is given in this tutorial.

Effect of the rotor bar number on the maximum sound level emitted by a variable-speed induction motor (MANATEE software output)

When both stator slot and rotor slot numbers Zs & Zr are even integers, Maxwell force harmonics only contain even force wavenumbers for integral windings, thus avoiding Unbalance Magnetic Pull.

The number of rotor and stator slots should never be equal, otherwise strong pulsating radial and tangential force waves appear in the machine, creating high air-borne noise the stator breathing mode and potentially high structure-borne noise due to torque ripple.

Contrary to Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines where some global rules on slot / pole combination can be relevant, the case of induction machines is more complex. Ideally one should avoid the presence of high magnitude (due to first rank of permeance), 'low' wavenumber so in particular one should avoid

(Zr-Zs|=0, 2 or 4

|Zr-Zs-2p|=0, 2 or 4

|Zr-Zs+2p|=0, 2 or 4

Relying only these rules of thumbs for the design of an electric machine is suboptimal and risky. Again variable speed calculation of electromagnetically-excited noise is advised using MANATEE software.

Case of synchronous machines

When stator slot is an even integers, Maxwell force harmonics only contain even force wavenumbers for integral windings, thus avoiding Unbalance Magnetic Pull. More precisely UMP only exists if |Zs-2p|=1.

Maximization of LCM(Zs,2p) increases the frequency of open-circuit pulsating (wavenumber r=0) radial and tangential force harmonics (in particular cogging torque and average radial force).

Minimization of GCD(Zs,2p) reduces the magnitude of open-circuit pulsating (wavenumber r=0) radial and tangential force harmonics (in particular cogging torque and average radial force).

Maximization of GCD(Zs,2p) increases the non-zero wavenumbers of open-circuit (and probably also partial load) magnetic forces, thus potentially reducing noise and vibration levels.

Simiarly to induction machines, one should avoid the presence of high magnitude (due to first rank of permeance), 'low' wavenumber so in particular one should avoid

(2p-Zs|=0, 2

The 12s10p PMSM machine is known to be prone to high vibration and noise because |2p-Zs|=2: in open-circuit and under commutation, many force harmonics have a wavenumber 2 and can resonate with the stator elliptical mode.

As you can see some of these rules of thumb are contradictory and changing the slot number also changes the magnitude of permeance harmonics, so full NVH variable speed simulation is recommended with MANATEE software.

Choice of the winding

The ideal winding gives a sinusoidal mmf, it has an infinite number of phases ( no « belt harmonics »), an infinite number of slots (no « slot harmonics » or preferably no « step harmonics ») or no slot at all ('airgap winding').

To avoid Unbalanced Magnetic Pull the winding-induced mmf should never have two harmonics separated of 1.

Concentrated winding / tooth-winding / fractional winding have the largest mmf distortion factor, however if properly designed they do not generate noise & vibrations.

Shorted-pitch distributed windings gives the smoothest magnetomotive force.Short-pitching or chording technique consists in having several winding layers and shifting the winding pattern in each layer. The chording cannot reduce the largest mmf step harmonics at Zs-p and Zs+p space harmonics.The coil pitch Y (in slots, between 0 and Zs/(2p)-1) can be chosen as (5/6) Zs/(2p) to reduce the stator mmf space harmonics 5p and 7p.

This MANATEE software tutorial explores the effect of short pitch on magnetic noise of an induction motor.

Example of an AC winding distribution (MANATEE output)

All winding types can be modelled in MANATEE software, using automated winding algorithms, winding connection matrix or Koil winding freeware. Dedicated post-processing allow to analyze the armature field harmonic content are available (see for instance plot_smmf_space).

Skewing

Skewing consists in rotating a 2D slice of the electrical machine along its rotation axis in order to smoothen the average field and cancel out some specific harmonics. Skewing can be applied to stator, rotor or both.

Stator skew is generally linear, and rotor skew depends on machine topology (linear for squirrel cages, stepped-skew or linear for permanent magnets).

Skewing can cancel a given force harmonics when considering its average longitudinal value (DC component). However, it also introduces an axial magnetic force variation and can therefore excite longitudinal structural modes of the stator and rotor structures. It can also create an additional axial thrust.

The skewing angle and the part to be skewed (rotor or stator) depends on the magnetic force harmonic to be cancelled.

The best skewing angle might be different when trying to minimize torque harmonics or radial force harmonics, and the best skewing angle might depend on the load condition.

This task can be carried using MANATEE simulation environment where all types of skew shape can be modelled. This tutorial of MANATEE shows how to calculate the effect of rotor skew on torque ripple and acoustic noise.

Effect of the rotor skew rate on the maximum sound power level radiated by a variable-speed PMSM (MANATEE software output)

Pole magnetization

Playing on the magnetization pattern allows to tune the rotor mmf harmonic content and thereof influence the vibroacoustic behaviour of the electric motor.Hallbach pattern lowers the spatial harmonic content of mmf but is expensive to manufacture.Shaping the magnetization pattern and optimizing the pole dimensions to minimize some specifics harmonics involved in noise generation is not sufficient to obtain a low vibration and noise design, as some other harmonics may increase during this process, creating new resonances.

A full electromagnetic and NVH simulation is recommended with MANATEE software. MANATEE software includes radial, parallel and Hallbach magnetization patterns in both subdomain magnetic models and finite element models.

Pole shaping

Magnet / pole shoe shaping allows to « tune » the rotor mmf harmonic content and thereof the vibroacoustic behaviour of the electric machine.

As both constructive and destructive interference occurs, cancelling a given magnet mmf space harmonic responsible for acoustic noise does not necessarily reduce noise as it can increase other force harmonics.For wound rotor synchronous machines the pole arc curvature has large influence on noise.Due to the combined effect of radial and tangential forces on radial vibrations and noise, simulation with MANATEE software is recommended.MANATEE sensitivity tools and optimization tools can be used for instance to find the best magnet pole arc to pole pitch ratio minimizing both torque ripple and acoustic noise.

Pole width and position

The pole widths or pole positions (pole shifting technique) of a synchronous machine can also be modulated to tune the rotor magnetimotive force spectrum content. Other pole displacement techniques to reduce cogging torque and zero-th average radial force include axial and radial pole-pairing technique (association of two different pole shapes to cancel a given harmonic).

Pole displacement techniques should be applied very carefully and should not focus only on the minimization of torque ripple / cogging torque, as noise and vibrations are also produced by higher wavenumber tangential and radial force harmonics. Simulation with MANATEE software is recommended.

Slot and tooth shape / position

Stator slot shapes or positions can be modulated to spread the permeance spatial spectrum or reduce / cancel a specific harmonic involved in noise and vibration generation.Slot-pairing (teeth pairing) techniques can reduce cogging and average radial forces by cancelling the first component only at LCM(Zs,2p)fR.

Notches

Notches (sometimes called circumferential slits, auxiliary slots, dummy slots, or grooves) consists in removing some part of the magnetic sheet material to modulate the airgap reluctance.If properly sized, notching can artificially increase the permeance wavenumber, as if the slot number was increased.The average airgap is increased due to notches (increase of Carter coefficient) so it may slightly reduce the electromagnetic performances.The introduction of notches can also increase the local saturation level.Similarly to skewing, the effect of notches can strongly depend on the operating point.

Simulation with MANATEE software is recommended. This MANATEE tutorial demonstrates how to use rotor notches to reduce the acoustic noise of an induction machine.

FEMM submodel to calculate a rotor notch effect

Stator slot opening optimization

The permeance harmonics are due to reluctance variation along the airgap, and slotting effects are a source of permeance harmonics at multiples of slot number. Slot to tooth opening ratio can reduce some of the permeance harmonics (similarly to pole pitch to pole arc ratio for the rotor mmf), but it is influenced by saturation and sometimes several slotting harmonics are involved in noise generationIf the first stator slot harmonic (ks=1) is responsible for a force wave in a machine - ex: PMSM with Zs=12 and p=5, a harmonic force exists with r=(1*Zs-1*p)-(0+1*p)=2 - closing the slot will cancel the permeance harmonic.

In practice slots cannot be geometrically closed due to winding process (a minimum slot opening is often required to pass needle and strand, or to use tooth tip as a support for winding) and magnetically closed due to saturation.

Optimal slot design can be carried using MANATEE software for the prediction of electromagnetic noise and vibraitons.

Magnetic wedges

Magnetic wedges allow to reduce the magnetic reluctance change in the slot opening, reducing flux density slotting harmonics and therefore cogging torque and all magnetic force harmonics related to permeance harmonics.Due to low relative permeability of commercial wedges (max 10) the effect on noise is limited (max 3 dB).The impact of magnetic wedges on e-motor vibroacoustics can be studied within MANATEE e-NVH software.

Airgap increase

Electromagnetic performances (e.g. efficiency) is directly affected by airgap width so one must check that the impact on performance and control does not worsen the noise (e.g. due to higher current).Airgap increase can affect differently magnetic force harmonics, and the effect on magnetic noise is quite limited.The effect of airgap width can be easily studied using MANATEE software parameter sweep environment.

Flux barriers

Flux barriers or pockets in stator yoke and teeth, or rotor yoke and teeth can modify the airgap flux harmonic content and magnetic force magnitude due to local saturation effects.It generally significantly affects the machine performances (increase of leakage inductance, reduction of torque) so it must be used carefully.

Effects of flux barrier dimensions on the harmonic content of airgap flux obtained with MANATEE software

MANATEE software can be used to size the flux barriers as shown in this validation article.

Control

Case of induction machines

Magnetic noise is linked to magnetizing flux and not to torque, it is possible to increase torque with constant flux and noise.MANATEE software simulation allows to find the trade-offs between vibroacoustic and electrical performances.

Case of synchronous machines

Current angle or load angle has a strong influence on average magnetic force magnitude.The load angle can influence the magnitude of higher time harmonics of wavenumber r=0 tangential & radial forces. The load angle evolution of force harmonics depends on their frequency and spatial order. Iq changes both pulsating radial and tangential force harmonics (torque), while Id mainly changes pulsating radial force harmonics. NField weakening (negative Id ) may reduce pulsating radial force ripple while increasing tangential force ripple.

A detailed sensitivity analysis including structure-borne and air-borne noise under MANATEE software is advised to study the tradeoffs between optimal control for efficiency and optimal control for noise reduction.

Harmonic current injection

Generalities

A given vibration harmonic can be compensated by injecting additional harmonic currents, depending on the magnetic force wavenumber to be cancelled.As the current modulates the spatial harmonics of mmf winding functions, the current injection cannot create new wavenumbers than those already present in the magnetic forces. Current injection introduces new time harmonics and therefore new force harmonics (cf PWM lines), one must check that this does not worsen the vibration or noise level nor torque ripple.

High frequency noise is more difficult to damp with current injection (requires higher controller bandwith & higher reactance can induce higher DC bus voltage)Harmonic injection at 6f in DQH frame can damp r=0 pulsating harmonic force at 6f.

Synchronous machines

For synchronous machines, pulsating radial / tangential force waves magnitude at frequencies proportional to LCM(Zs,2p)fs/p can be damped using current injection. For radial force damping either Id or Iq harmonic injection theoretically works.

Induction machines

Radial force harmonics of wavenumbers 0 and 2p can be damped using current injection. For other wavenumbers, a detailed study must be carried.MANATEE software includes a special e-NVH mitigation environment to optimize harmonic current injection with respect to acoustic noise and torque ripple.

Switching strategies

Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations List

Generalities

Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Generator

Voltage inverter switching strategies determine phase voltage harmonic content and resulting phase current spectrum. Supply voltage harmonics contain harmonics linked to the inverter Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching frequency (ex: fswi, 2fswi) and harmonics linked to fundamental (ex: 5f, 7f). The largest voltage, current, forces, vibration and noise harmonics can occur around once or twice the switching frequency depending on the PWM strategy and torque/speed operating point of the machine.

A voltage harmonic f creates a harmonic current f which in turn generates magnetic forces and vibration waves f+fs, 2p and f-fs, 0 where fs is the fundamental electrical frequency.

Increasing the switching frequency generally reduces the acoustic noise (dBA reduction above 2.5 kHz), in some cases it can be chosen out from human’s ear sensitivity. However, it significantly increases inverter losses so again tradeoffs between efficiency and NVH must be analyzed, which can be carried under MANATEE software.

Spread spectrum strategies

Spread spectrum principle is already used in aerodynamic noise (uneven blade spacing of fans). The same principle is used in randomized switching strategies.Such strategies may lower the maximum dBA level, but they result in a wider excitation spectrum which can lead to new resonances depending on damping and natural frequency position with respect to exciting forces. Finally, random strategies can significantly affect sound perception and a detailed sound quality study is advised.MANATEE software includes some sound quality metrics to study this effect.

PWM strategies

There exist a number of PWM strategies such as SPWM, SVPWM, DPWM0, DPWM1, DPWM2, DWPM3, DPWMmin, DPWMmax, GDPWM.These commutations strategies have been developed to maximize converter output and efficiency, and they change the excitation voltage spectra and resulting sound power level as well as sound quality metrics.All these PWM strategies are already implemented in MANATEE e-NVH software, which also includes sound quality metrics to optimize power electronics switching strategy.

Structural response

Lower noise & vibration can be achieved by putting natural frequencies further away from magnetic excitations.Stator yoke can be stiffened to reduce vibration and noise levels ; in this case one must check that the natural frequency change due to the yoke geometry change does not compensate noise and vibration reduction due to yoke stiffening.

Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Chart

MANATEE software can be used to automatically study the effect of lamination shape on acoustic noise.

Other techniques to play on both air-borne and structure-borne noise include

optimize yoke geometry

optimize coupling between lamination and housing

optimize slot stiffness (winding material, spacers)

optimize stator fixation method in casing

MANATEE software coupled to FEA can be used to optimize these couplings and find a way to reduce the overall noise levels considering all transfer paths.

Damping

Increasing damping is one of the most efficient techniques to reduce noise and vibration of electric machines. It includes:

optimization of impregnation process (VPI, potting, dipping): materials, curing process, operating temperature

use of higher damping magnetic sheets

use of interlamination damping

use of viscoelastic materials

References

(1) J.F. Gieras, C. Wang and J.C. Lai, Noise of polyphase electric motors, CRC Press, 2005.

(2) P.L. Timar, Noise and vibration of electrical machines, Elsevier, 1989.

(3) S.J. Yang, Low noise electrical motors, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981.

(4) PYRHONEN Juha, Tapani Jokinen, Valéria Hrabovcova, Design of Rotating Electrical Machines (2nd Ed.), Wiley, 2013

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2016 Community Service Award Winners

Each year, Rich's honors associates who have demonstrated outstanding dedication to "Bettering Our Communities," one of the organization’s five family values. During a recent holiday celebration at Rich's World Headquarters in Buffalo, five individuals and three teams were presented the company’s Community Service Award, for going above and beyond and putting their passion for serving others into practice.

In recognition of their outstanding service, each individual and team received $1,000 from Rich’s to donate to the charity of their choice in their respective names. Congratulations to the company’s 2016 Community Service Award winners:

Kathy Gardner was recognized for her 15 years of volunteer work with Meals on Wheels, as well as her involvement with Kids Day put on by The Buffalo News, the Brush Up Buffalo neighborhood revitalization effort, United Way Day of Caring, Habitat for Humanity, and the American Cancer Society’s Relay for Life. Kathy also has been a mentor in the Say Yes Mentoring Program, conducted United Way events for the Buffalo City Mission, and participated in the Corporate West Side Strategy Initiative. In addition, she coordinated and participated in Cooks for Kids at the Ronald McDonald House. A Deaconess for Congregational Care, Kathy is a member of her church leadership team, has led a women's ministry book study, and has taught Sunday school for 30 elementary-aged children. She also is active in Rich's "UB Connections" career development event series for local college students.

Collette Monolopolus shows her passion for service and her community through continuous involvement in multiple organizations and initiatives. She has become very active in Slow Roll Buffalo, a weekly community bicycle ride that encourages active lifestyles. Besides taking part in the rides, she has served in several ways, such as sweeping streets prior to actual rides, assisting with bike maintenance on the routes, and organizing raffles to support the organization. Collette also volunteers at Little Portions Friary, offering emotional support and guidance to the homeless men and women who seek shelter there. She currently is the chair of the Customer Services & Logistics department’s charity team and has been active in Meals on Wheels and Food for All, which addresses hunger issues in Western New York. On top of all this, she volunteered for Ride for Roswell (benefitting Buffalo’s Roswell Park Cancer Institute) and an event at Reinstein Woods Nature Preserve, in suburban Depew. Collette's commitment to the community does not stop with her, as she also involves her grandson, Noah, in many service activities, helping him build confidence and a passion for giving back.

Vilona Trachtenberg’s incredible service endeavors begin with her involvement in Danceability, where she serves on the board and is a volunteer instructor for children and adults with special needs. She has also been active with the Make-a-Wish Foundation, serving as a wish-granting volunteer. In addition, Vilona has dedicated her time and energy to many other causes through a diverse array of service activities, including marketing and logistics coordination for TEDxYouth@Buffalo (an offshoot of the popular Ted Talks initiative); volunteering for Relay for Life; helping coordinate Rich's three-day “Olympiad,” to support Special Olympics of Western New York; serving as a Food for All volunteer; assisting with the Salvation Army Backpack Drive; volunteering for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's BassEye fundraiser at Rich's; raising money for WNY Heroes, which supports area veterans and the families of deceased veterans; sitting on a task force at the Holocaust Resource Center of Buffalo; and being an active member of the charity team within her department at Rich’s.

Michael Machowski’s service is characterized by his ability and passion for creating emotional, physical and spiritual growth in his community. For the past six years, Michael has worked with Manna on Wheels, near Tampa, Florida, in support of its efforts to provide food for the hungry and less fortunate. Additionally, he supports the local food bank by donating leftover food from various community events that otherwise would be thrown away. Michael is also heavily involved in First Tee of Sarasota/Manatee, part of a nationwide development program that uses golf to help shape the lives of young people. He helps give these youths the opportunity to not only learn about golf, but also learn important life lessons and gain guidance and support.

Peter Konn and his wife, Kandy, give back to their city of Temecula, in Southern California, in extraordinary ways. The couple completed a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training course offered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, so they would have the knowledge and skills necessary for responding to catastrophic emergencies in their area. Peter and Kandy have since joined the Temecula Citizen Corps (or TCC), an all-volunteer group trained as Disaster Service Workers. They now train on a regular basis, staying prepared for different disaster scenarios and assisting Temecula City Hall with its earthquake simulation drills. Peter also helps provide first aid stations at community events, advises the community on emergency preparedness, supports the setup of Neighborhood Watch programs, and assists with CERT training for high school students. 

The South Africa “Better Our Communities” Charity Team has been involved in a number of diverse activities that have had a positive impact on countless individuals throughout the region. In addition to product donations to Meals on Wheels and cake donations to the SOS Children's Village, team members have supported Mandela Day celebrations both at Shoprite (Africa’s largest food retailer) and at a primary school in Soweto, contributing donuts, breads, rolls, cookies, muffins and much more. Continuing their famous “Cake Carnival” cake-decorating parties, the team brought sweets, lunch and joy to children in both the Lambano Hospice Facility for Children and the St. Francis Care Center. Last year, the group began providing support in the form of bakery skills and business development assistance at a new youth center called Bukho Bami, which means “My Core, My True Self.” Through the team’s donation of an oven mixer, freezer and lighting, plus the efforts of two groups of associates who assisted with bakery and product training, a fully functioning bakery has opened, generating income for the youth center and providing baked goods for the community. Finally, the team has remained very involved with the organization Enactus, a nonprofit entity that uses entrepreneurial action to improve quality of life for those in need.

The Rich Colombia Sales Office Charity Team, consisting of Diana Paola Valbuena, Yuly Zea, Marcela Suarez, Alexandra Escobar, Andrea Carolina Vieira, Ingrith Pulido, Alba Patricia Conde and Maria Victoria Enciso, has found purpose in sharing knowledge, improving children's nutrition, and helping all who are in need. The team volunteers at a local food bank, helping to serve quality food and improve the efficiency of the organization. At the food bank, they also have participated in a “Pack On” event, helping to pack hundreds of meals for the hungry and less fortunate. In addition, team members have started their own initiatives. Last year, they dedicated the month of June to their Donate Your Knowledge program, encouraging associates to go out into the community and share their expertise where it is needed – creating more local ties in the process. The group’s most-recent program, Bet on Nutrition, provides food reinforcement to vulnerable children and older adults in the most-disadvantaged sectors of Bogota and surrounding municipalities.

The ROAR Logistics Team, made up of associates at the Rich’s subsidiary specializing in transportation logistics, in early 2016 joined the mission to deliver urgently needed clean water to the citizens of Flint, Michigan. “Operation H2O,” which was organized by a local Buffalo church, quickly gained support across Western New York, as people showed up to donate case after case of bottled water for the people of Flint. Upon learning about the effort, ROAR Logistics President Bob Rich III leveraged his company's transportation connections and offered his team's manpower and expertise to safely load and deliver the water. As a result, ROAR ended up piloting a caravan of fully loaded 18-wheelers to Michigan, delivering relief and hope to a suffering community.

[haemerythrin]

Neocebid Diet and Agriculture

So this is probably gonna be a long post, but I wanted to do a quick introduction to neocebid foodways. This will focus on the foodways present in the neocebid homelands, in the Yucatán Peninsula and Guatemala. In many ways, it is similar to traditional Maya cuisine from the area, but shows some differences. So lets dive right in!

Xanthosoma:

Probably the first (non-fruit) crop domesticated by the neocebids, because it could be grown easily from corm cuttings without the need for seeds. It is one of the neocebid staple crops, and it prepared many ways. It can be boiled like potatoes, boiled, dried, and ground into flour for breads and gruels, or roasted over coals(note: it is always cooked to destroy the oxalic acid content. It is used very similarly to cassava, although cassava was only much later introduced after neocebid expansion into South America, and is not much used in the homelands. A dish similar to tamales is made by wrapping dough made from xanthosoma flour, often mixed with maize flour, in either xanthosoma leaves or corn husks and cooking it. It can also be made from masa alone, but this is less common.

Maize:

While maize is an important neocebid crop, it is not valued as much as it is in many Maya and Native American cultures. It is instead viewed somewhat as a famine food, owing to it’s use as a preventative for pellagra during times of meat scarcity. Like in many Maya and Native American cultures, it is always nixtamalized with a calcium hydroxide solution to produce hominy, which has bioavailable niacin and protein, unlike the unprocessed maize. It is almost always ground, and is usually eaten as a type of gruel, but as previously mentioned, it is also made into breads and and tamale like products. 

Beans:

Many types of beans are grown, usually in the same fields as maize. Like maize, they are used as a dietary supplement in times of meat scarcity, owing to their high protein content. 

Sweet Potato:

A prestige crop, sweet potatoes are beloved by neocebids, whose palates, shaped by frugivory, tend to lean towards the sweeter things in life. They are commonly roasted or boiled, and despite being easy to grow, are typically reserved for special occasions.

Breadnut:

Breadnut is used similarly to maize as a source of b vitamins during times of meat scarcity. Additionally, alongside cacao, it is powdered and used to flavor drinks.

Squashes:

Many cultivars of squash are eaten, mostly derived from Cucurbita pepo, although due to their unique history of cultivation the cultivars are not readily recognizable to humans from our Earth. They are eaten in much the same way as squashes are today.

Cacao: 

Cacao was initially grown for it’s sweet pulp, but later the fermented seeds began to be used as a flavorant for foods and beverages as well. Chocolate beverages are not typically consumed in their bitter state, but are rather sweetened by a variety of means.

Chili Peppers:

A favorite among many neocebid cultures, chili peppers are an invaluable flavoring used to cut through the potent starch flavor of xanthosoma and sweet potato. Along with cacao it is used to make a product very similar to mole. It is very commonly eaten with meat.

Onions:

Like chili peppers, onions were an important source of flavor in otherwise bland dishes.

Whitetail Deer:

Probably the most important source of meat for the neocebids. They are hunted using tools like bows and arrows, atlatls, and many arboreal ambush techniques pioneered by the neocebids. Meat is eaten with many spices and flavorings, and organs are a favorite part of the animal due to their sweeter visceral flavor.

Ocellated Turkey:

The second most important source of meat, turkey were raised for a number of uses. Alongside their meat, their eggs were an essential source of cholesterol, and they were a common source of nutritious broth. Non-culinary uses include using the feathers for decoration and as writing instruments. Ocellated turkeys are both farmed and hunted.

Other Meats:

Many, many other animals were hunted for their meat, including but not limited to: fish, shellfish, peccaries, manatees, birds, iguanas, Baird’s tapir, and even smaller monkeys. 

Chaya:

The most common leaf vegetable for neocebids living in the homelands. It, like xanthosoma, must be cooked thoroughly to be eaten safely. It is eaten similarly to spinach. 

Jícama:

Jícama was grown and eaten in much the same way as it is today, albeit on a larger scale.

Fruits:

One of the most important components of the neocebid diet is fruit. Many many varieties of fruit are grown and foraged for. These include but are not limited to figs, chayote, avocado, red and yellow mamey, soursop, pineapple, papaya, tomato, tomatillo, guava, prickly pear, and many, many more. Fruit is often grown in a type of forrest garden wherein large areas of forrest are tended to and maintained by neocebids for their fruit. Other types of fruit, like pineapple, are grown in walled gardens on the forrest fringes.

Honey:

Honey is commonly produced as a sweetener through meliponiculture, using stingless native bees, as European and North African honeybees were never introduced. While it was initially harvested from wild bees, it is now also harvested from kept bees.

Non-Culinary Crops:

The primary non-culinary crops are cotton, rubber, tobacco, and copal, grown for textiles, crafting, smoking and chewing, and incense respectively.

[woodnriver]

For just $88.00 This handcrafted live edge charcuterie board was made from a fallen Guanacaste tree, discovered along a canal off the Manatee River. All of the handmade cutting boards are made from one solid piece of wood. Each board is made from a tree or log that has been salvaged locally and milled in house. Sanded smooth and finished with an all natural beeswax made in house. Dimensions: 19" long 4" wide https://www.etsy.com/shop/WoodNRiverhome?ref=hdr_shop_menu Boards typically ship within 1 - 2 days of purchase. * Please note due to the live edge and natural shape of the wood sizes may vary slightly throughout.

[woodnriver]

For just $88.00 This handcrafted live edge charcuterie board was made from a fallen Guanacaste tree, discovered along a canal off the Manatee River. All of the handmade cutting boards are made from one solid piece of wood. Each board is made from a tree or log that has been salvaged locally and milled in house. Sanded smooth and finished with an all natural beeswax made in house. Dimensions: 19" long 4" wide https://www.etsy.com/shop/WoodNRiverhome?ref=hdr_shop_menu Boards typically ship within 1 - 2 days of purchase. * Please note due to the live edge and natural shape of the wood sizes may vary slightly throughout.

[woodnriver]

For just $88.00 This handcrafted live edge charcuterie board was made from a fallen Guanacaste tree, discovered along a canal off the Manatee River. All of the handmade cutting boards are made from one solid piece of wood. Each board is made from a tree or log that has been salvaged locally and milled in house. Sanded smooth and finished with an all natural beeswax made in house. Dimensions: 19" long 4" wide https://www.etsy.com/shop/WoodNRiverhome?ref=hdr_shop_menu Boards typically ship within 1 - 2 days of purchase. * Please note due to the live edge and natural shape of the wood sizes may vary slightly throughout.

[woodnriver]

For just $88.00 This handcrafted live edge charcuterie board was made from a fallen Guanacaste tree, discovered along a canal off the Manatee River. All of the handmade cutting boards are made from one solid piece of wood. Each board is made from a tree or log that has been salvaged locally and milled in house. Sanded smooth and finished with an all natural beeswax made in house. Dimensions: 19" long 4" wide https://www.etsy.com/shop/WoodNRiverhome?ref=hdr_shop_menu Boards typically ship within 1 - 2 days of purchase. * Please note due to the live edge and natural shape of the wood sizes may vary slightly throughout.

[woodnriver]

For just $88.00 This handcrafted live edge charcuterie board was made from a fallen Guanacaste tree, discovered along a canal off the Manatee River. All of the handmade cutting boards are made from one solid piece of wood. Each board is made from a tree or log that has been salvaged locally and milled in house. Sanded smooth and finished with an all natural beeswax made in house. Dimensions: 19" long 4" wide https://www.etsy.com/shop/WoodNRiverhome?ref=hdr_shop_menu Boards typically ship within 1 - 2 days of purchase. * Please note due to the live edge and natural shape of the wood sizes may vary slightly throughout.