#marking scheme would require like in in-school exercises??

[rusted-phone-calls]

huh

[sapphires-and-gold-fics]

Fictober Day 21: “Change is annoyingly difficult.”

Fandom: Game of Thrones / ASOIAF

Characters: Jaime Lannister / Brienne of Tarth

Read on AO3

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Jaime hated physical therapy, though not as much as he hated the absence of his right hand. In the grand scheme of things, it was a hatred of physical therapy, an abhorrence for the lack of a hand, his ex, and then most of all, Brienne. 

His physiotherapist was a brute. Tall - taller than him, broad of shoulder - broader than his, scarred - okay, on that account he could concede that his were worse. She was freckled all over - down to gods knew where, and she hated him. So naturally, he hated her back. Even though she had absolutely astonishing blue eyes that liked to trip him up. And even though, at the end of the day, what she was doing was helping him. And okay maybe she didn’t hate him, maybe she was just like that with everyone. 

The accident that had taken his hand had been just that - he hadn’t asked for it to happen. He’d just broken up with his ex - again - and he’d been angry and  cocky in his driving. It never paid to do that. The next thing he knew, the sports car was wrapped around a tree and his hand was trapped between the dash and the door frame. 

From what he could tell in passing, the bulk of Brienne’s patients were alcoholics. They’d all done something idiotic like drive off a bridge, or try to do a handstand on a train platform, or operate a saw while not knowing how to operate a saw. She seemed to show them no sympathy, and he apparently was grouped in with the rest. It’s not that she wasn’t a good physiotherapist, it’s that maybe she probably would have been better suited to working with prison inmates. 

On this fine Tuesday morning, she was being really hard on him, by Jaime’s standards. Not only did he have to suffer through his usual semi-weekly routine of standard recovery exercises, but every session she now had him trying to lift a little more weight using the remaining forearm - today he was up to 10 pounds. Afterwards, she would always beat his arm until it was bruised, like normal. Sure, the medical bills called it therapeutic massage, an alternating of cold packs and heat packs with pressure, but really it was just torture. If he had a physiotherapist with smaller hands, maybe it wouldn’t hurt so much. Of course then maybe it also wouldn’t feel as loose and flexible come next session. 

He was in the middle of lifting the ten pound weight with his forearm when he stopped and stared at Brienne across the small gym space. She stared back, an eyebrow up. “What’s up, Lannister?”

“Wench, I’ve just realized that my arm doesn’t hurt.”

“I told you not to call me that.” 

Okay, so some of the antagonism had been his fault. “Sorry - Brienne. My arm doesn’t hurt.”

“Like the pressure of the band is cutting off your circulation, or like it doesn’t hurt to be moving it like that?”

“The latter. Definitely the latter.”

The therapist broke into a crooked-toothed smile that brightened her eyes, and for a second Jaime thought she actually looked like a pleasant person to know. 

“That’s good, Lannister. It means your muscles are building up. Have you been working with the band between appointments?”

“Yes,” he said, curling his arm toward his chest again. 

“What about your other arm?”

He nearly dropped the weight, but he stopped himself and slowly lowered it to the ground. “Uh…?”

Brienne sighed and walked over, stepping around mats and blocks. “Lannister, you’ve gotta work both arms.”

“My left arm is fine!” he flexed it and spun his wrist to show her. 

“Lannister, the loss of a dominant hand means that the other is going to take some strain. It’s best if you build it up so that not only can you do everything you need to with it, but this way when the muscles build up on the injured arm, you don’t wind up looking like Popeye after only half a can of spinach.”

Jaime let out an exasperated sigh. “Change is annoyingly difficult. It’s bad enough I have to come here and be tortured by you.”

Brienne cocked her head and raised her brow.

judging me, wench? “I never went to the gym before all this.”

“You didn’t?”

“Not like this! I mean I have a gym membership but mostly I used it for cardio when it rains, or for the shower when my building doesn’t have hot water.”

Brienne’s brows drew together, but the glance was gone in an instant. “Excuse me for observing, but you seemed in excellent shape other than - this. What were you doing before the incident?”

“Incident,” Jaime said with a sneer. “You say it like all I did was stub my toe on the sofa leg. I’m down a hand, wench. At least call it a maiming.”

She took a breath and counted to ten. “What were you doing before you lost it?”

“It’s not mislaid!”

“Mr. Lannister.”

“Jaime.”

Fine, Jaime, what were you doing to keep up your physical health when you had all of your appendages? 

“He scowled and muttered an answer under his breath before doing another rep.”

“What was that?”

He set the weight down with a heavy sigh. “I’m a choreographer.”

Brienne’s eyebrows perked up, and she bent her head toward him with interest. “Like dancing?”

“Almost. I thought about it for a while,” he smiled to himself. “But actually, like combat. Some film stuff but mostly stage.”

“Professionally?”

She sounds... impressed? “Yeah. You know that national tour of Targaryen Times they started running once the local franchises proved unprofitable?”

She nodded, and he noticed her neck was suddenly the faintest pink; he looked away.

“I choreographed all the sword play for that, and the jousting.” Jaime could have stopped there, but it had been so long since he’d had a chance to talk to someone about something he loved so much. “On top of that,” he continued, “my niece and nephews have been in high school for the last ten years or so, overlapping you know, and you wouldn’t believe how much Shakespeare one school can do in a decade - it’s a lot. So I kept busy… I guess I stayed in shape by handling heavy weaponry.”

“And dancing,” she japed.

He chuckled, “Yeah.” 

“Well you can still do that, can’t you?”

“Why, did you want to dance my lady?”

She snorted. 

Oh, that’s kind of endearing, he thought.

“I meant the fight choreo.”

“Sure I can still technically do it but I’ve always marked out a fight by doing it myself. And then I make a video of me playing it out so that the actors can learn it. My dominant hand is gone. I can barely handle a dagger in my left hand—”

“—all the more reason to work up that arm.”

“But even then my right —”

“Jaime you’re lifting 10 pounds without pain on your right arm now. Couldn’t you use a shield on that arm?” 

He toyed with the thought. “I see what you’re saying. Maybe in another ten pounds I could think about that. But not all choreo requires a shield. And some weapons require two hands. At this point I’ll need to hire someone for me to direct in order to record the fights.”

She was thinking. Loudly. 

“What?”

“Have you thought about prosthetics? You might be able to get one made that would be specifically for managing a two-handed grip like for a broadsword, and it’s not out of the realm of possibility that you could get one made that had a lock grip with enough of a rating to hold a foil so that it would be like using your right hand again - you wouldn’t have the same range of motion, so it might not be ideal but I think it’s worth a shot, Jaime. I’ve got a colleague who specializes in 3D printing and prosthetic parts with weight ratings - maybe you can talk to him about something that does have some range of motion? I mean if you’re looking at handling a mace or a morning star I would probably insist on you just training your left hand for those - too tricky - but for other things there might be another way.”

Jaime’s mouth was hanging open, he could tell. But he wasn’t sure he had the strength to close it. He dipped his head in order to force his jaw closed. 

“Did you—”

Brienne was now blushing - quite prettily, if he was honest - all over. 

Huh. 

“Are you trained?”

She nodded. “I actually worked for the local Targaryen Times before -”

“You were a--”

“--A knight, yeah.” 

Suddenly some pieces fell into place. Her height. Her breadth. Her strength. 

“So you can—”

“Yeah - spar, joust - I’ve handled a lot of weapons.” She grinned that goofy crooked tooth grin that made those astonishing eyes even bluer somehow and Jaime’s gut suddenly felt like it was on fire. “I usually won.”

“Of course you did,” he sighed before swallowing hard. “Um…” he gestured at the weight on the ground, “Should I...?” he gestured dumbly in a flexing motion, like he was suddenly struck stupid under her gaze. 

She nodded, “10 more reps and then we’ll get everything nice and loose again.” 

“Uhhuh.”

He did the reps and then climbed up on the table for her to start the massage that always felt like ice and fire but which today just felt profoundly like a massage - a good one. He made sure to ask her for her prosthetic guy’s info. And then he made sure to get her number - “for the videos,” he said. “I could use someone I don’t need to train on top of direct, you know?” 

She’d nodded and handed him back his phone. “And maybe I can help train you. Get your sword back in your hand.”

“What?”

“Your left hand - maybe I can help you? You’re a choreographer so I think your instincts are probably good, you just need to improve your flexibility.” The belly fire was back. Huh. 

[xtruss]

Jurisprudence

John Roberts Just Bulldozed the Wall Separating Church and State

His stunning 5–4 decision forces states to fund religious schools—and augurs even more radical rulings down the road.

— By Mark Joseph Stern | June 30, 2020 | Slate.Com

Supreme Court Justices John Roberts, Elena Kagan, Neil Gorsuch, and Brett Kavanaugh attend the State of the Union address on February 5, 2019. Pool/Getty Images

On Tuesday, in a sweeping 5–4 decision, the Supreme Court forced a majority of states to fund private religious schools in a ruling that compels millions of U.S. taxpayers to subsidize Christian education—even if financing another religion violates their own beliefs. Incredibly, this maximalist decision did not go far enough for two conservative justices who would apparently let states establish an official religion. In dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor described the majority’s decision as “perverse.” That may be an understatement: Its decision is the culmination of a yearslong assault on secular governance and augurs even more radical rulings down the road.

The basis for Tuesday’s decision in Espinoza v. Montana originated in a creative scheme devised by the Montana Legislature to fund sectarian schools. The Montana Constitution contains a “no-aid” provision that bars the state from providing public funds to religious institutions, as do 37 other state constitutions. To work around this rule, the Legislature granted tax credits to residents who donate money to Big Sky Scholarships, which pays for students to attend private schools, both secular and sectarian. (Montana’s demographics ensure that the only sectarian schools that participate are Christian.) In other words, residents get money from the state when they help children obtain a private education, including religious indoctrination. In 2018, the Montana Supreme Court found that this program violated the state constitution’s no-aid clause. But instead of excluding sectarian schools, the court struck down the whole scheme for all private education.

Chief Justice John Roberts revived Montana’s tax credit scheme on Monday in a convoluted opinion that announces a startling new constitutional principle: Once a state funds private education, “it cannot disqualify some private schools solely because they are religious.” Twenty-nine states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico all provide tax credits or vouchers to families that send their children to private schools. Under Espinoza, they must now extend these programs to private religious schools.

The upshot: Taxpayers in most of the country will soon start funding overtly religious education—including the indoctrination of children into a faith that might clash with their own conscience. For example, multiple schools that participate in Montana’s scholarship program inculcate students with a virulent anti-LGBTQ ideology that compares homosexuality to bestiality and incest. But many Montanans of faith believe LGBTQ people deserve respect and equality because they are made in the image of God. What does the Supreme Court have to say to Montanans who do not wish to fund religious indoctrination that contradicts their own beliefs? In short, too bad: Your rights just don’t matter as much. This decision flips the First Amendment on its head. The amendment’s free exercise clause protects religious liberty, while its establishment clause commands that the government make no law “respecting an establishment of religion.” Just 18 years ago in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, a bare majority of the Supreme Court ruled that, under the establishment clause, states were allowed to fund private schools through vouchers or tax credits, over vigorous dissents from the four liberal justices. Now the court has declared that, under the free exercise clause, most states are compelled to fund private religious schools. The conservative majority has revolutionized church-state law in record time.

“The conservative majority has revolutionized church-state law in record time.”

How did the court chart this catastrophic course? The barrier between church and state took a hit when five justices permitted state financing of sectarian schools in Zelman. It nearly collapsed when the court expanded religious institutions’ access to taxpayer money in 2017’s Trinity Lutheran v. Comer, which held that states cannot deny public benefits to religious institutions because they are religious. The court claimed to find this dangerous rule in the First Amendment’s free exercise clause—even though, as Sotomayor pointed out in her searing dissent, separating church and state does not limit anyone’s ability to exercise their religion. She closed with a warning: “In the end, the soundness of today’s decision may matter less than what it might enable tomorrow.”

Tomorrow has arrived, and it is as absurd as Sotomayor predicted. Roberts’ majority opinion follows Trinity Lutheran to its logical, outrageous conclusion: A state violates free exercise, the chief justice wrote, when it “discriminate[s] against schools” based on “the religious character of the school.” The government, Roberts explained, has no compelling interest in preserving the separation of church and state beyond what the First Amendment requires. Nor does the government have any interest in protecting taxpayers’ right not to fund religious exercise that infringes upon their own beliefs. “We do not see how the no-aid provision promotes religious freedom,” the chief justice wrote tersely.

Perhaps Roberts can’t see it, but James Madison certainly could. As Justice Stephen Breyer wrote in dissent, Madison famously opposed a Virginia bill that would have taxed residents to support teachers of “the Christian Religion,” condemning it as “a signal of persecution” that violates religious liberty. Montana’s Christians-schools-only program illustrates how states that fund religion wind up funding the faith shared by a majority of residents. Breyer, quoting Madison, noted that state funding of a particular religion may “destroy that moderation and harmony” among different faiths that is a hallmark of America’s religious tolerance.

This extreme outcome was not enough for Justices Clarence Thomas, Neil Gorsuch, and Samuel Alito. Thomas, joined by Gorsuch, asserted that the very concept of separating church and state “communicates a message that religion is dangerous and in need of policing, which in turn has the effect of tilting society in favor of devaluing religion.” According to Thomas, enforcing church-state separation amounts to “religious hostility” and must end immediately. The justice reached this conclusion by reiterating his conviction that the First Amendment’s establishment clause was “likely” designed to preserve states’ ability to establish official religions.

In his own separate opinion, Alito attacked the “no-aid” clauses in 38 state constitutions, including Montana’s. He claimed that these provisions were motivated by anti-Catholic animus, and it is true that nativists supported them in the 19th century. But Alito omitted the fact that advocates for universal education also encouraged these provisions for perfectly legitimate reasons before nativists rallied around them. And he waved away the fact that Montana readopted its no-aid clause in 1972 for the express purpose of shielding religion from state entanglement. Alito will not let inconvenient facts stand in the way of his campaign to invalidate 38 states’ constitutional guarantees against state subsidization of religion.

If there is any silver lining to Roberts’ opinion, it is that he did not adopt Thomas’, Gorsuch’s, or Alito’s radical positions. At least, not yet. The only limiting principle Roberts lays out is that states “need not subsidize private education” in the first place—so, in theory, states can abolish public funding of private schools entirely to avoid funding religious ones. But that’s what the Montana Supreme Court did here, yet Roberts condemned its decision as “discrimination against religious schools.” If a legislature tries to end a voucher program in light of Espinoza, the Supreme Court’s conservatives could easily find more proof of anti-religious “discrimination” and force it to revive the program. Having gutted protections against the establishment of religion, the majority is limited only by its own sense of what it can get away with.

[littlepurinsesu]

A Happy Ending

Title: A Happy Ending Fandom: Princess Tutu Characters: Fakir, Ahiru Relationship: Fakir/Ahiru Rating: General Warnings: None

*Read on AO3*

Summary: ‘But what do you want? What is the story that you wish for? Stop thinking only about granting happy endings to others and start thinking about yourself for once. Spin your own story. Create your own world. Write your happy ending.’

Author’s Notes: My re-entry into the world of fanfiction after many, many years. And I'm only posting it now.

I'd stopped writing for pleasure during the final years of high school and somehow never came back to it again... until I finished watching Princess Tutu. This anime inspired me to pick up my pen again (more like place my fingers on the keyboard again) after so many years of neglecting one of my biggest hobbies. I wouldn't say I'm entirely happy with how this story turned out, but it's an important one to me as it marks my first piece of creative writing for myself after being drowned in academic writing for so long. Would I have written some parts differently or done things another way if I approached this now? Probably. But I have no intention of changing anything, and will just let this little piece rest here with my collection of new fanfics. As a record of how my writing was when I rediscovered my long-lost passion, if you may.

I'd thought this fic would never see the light of day, but here it is, in all its rusty glory. A reminder to myself that I came to read, but I stayed to write.

Once upon a time, there was a man who began writing a story.

The man granted happy ending upon happy ending, crafting a world in which all characters could live life as they desired. And when he immersed himself in his bouts of creative labour, she never strayed from his line of vision. The single feather standing upright atop her head and the tiny flutter of her wings were constants in his life that reminded him of why he wrote.

He wrote because of her. She was his muse.

The man had moved on from his inability to spin stories that were not about her, but he held dearly to the loving hope that had emitted from her tiny body the day he had written Drosselmeyer’s story out of its predestined tragic ending. Since that day, he had tucked the feeling of that warm light safely within the depths of his heart, and turned to it for guidance during those dark times when his quill would hover above his parchment, lost and doubtful. The man would have been content to write story after story about the gentle affection he felt whenever she smiled, or the burning desire in his chest whenever he looked into her eyes, but he had a duty to lead the townspeople to the happy endings they yearned for.

He never forgot the decision he made when he tore apart Drosselmeyer’s mechanism, the very device that gave birth to the tragedy that the twisted man so loved. Reducing the godly contraption to nothing but a cluttered pile of gears and wiring, he had vowed to take it upon himself to write the rest of the story by his own hand and give people the wings they needed to live as freely as they pleased.

But when he tried to write of prosperous villages and harmonious townsfolk, his hand would sometimes stray. And before he realised, the ink spilling from the tip of his quill would begin to engrave words evoking the images that would seep into his mind when he allowed it to wander. The playful flick of her hair, the subtle upward curve of her lips, and the bright sparkle that illuminated her eyes. The way her voice would crack a little when she became visibly excited, and the way she landed in a pile of jumbled limbs whenever she tried to move faster than her petite body could carry her. The soothing warmth of her chest pressed against his, the very first time he had written a story about her, called out her name, and caught her in his arms. And the tiny vibrations her body would make whenever she groomed her silky feathers, nestled comfortably in his lap, her tiny frame fitting so easily as if the place were made for her and her only.

These musings had no plot—there was no beginning, no middle, and no end. Only a stream of disconnected memories that he kept locked away in the deepest crevices of his mind. And when the fear of exposure dawned upon him, the man would tear the page out and shred it to pieces.

He was the writer, the spinner of stories, and the incoherent digressions of his heart were only a hindrance—no, a shame—to his duty.

Autor had often complained begrudgingly over the basket of stale bread and bottled milk he brought during his visits. The bespectacled Drosselmeyer enthusiast kept the man from forgetting to eat and sleep, perhaps taking this chance to indirectly exercise some authority over the gift he had missed out on. It was probably more out of a futile attempt at feigning importance in the grand scheme of things (‘Seriously, how would the world go on if I wasn’t here to keep you from starving yourself?’), but the man didn’t mind. Autor was not without his wisdom, and sometimes, he would share this with him in his usual condescending tone.

‘You’ve created a hopeful new world with your powers. You’ve created happy endings for countless people. You’ve created life, but life itself is draining out of your very own soul.’

The man hadn’t bothered to protest; Autor meant well, and was probably right. The prince he had sworn to protect had returned to his story with Rue, Princess Tutu’s mission had ended and she had ceased to appear again in this world. A knight who had long since cast away his sword in favour of his quill now pledged his service to the people of the town. There was no longer an epic crisis which required his hand to bring about salvation, so his duty now was to make sure that the people continued to freely live the happy endings they desired and deserved. And if writing happy endings could give people what they wished for, then the man was willing to devote himself to write for as long as he could.

‘But what do you want?’ Autor had blurted out in exasperation during one of his last visits. ‘What is the story that you wish for?’

‘A story… that I wish for?’

‘Yes. Stop thinking only about granting happy endings to others and start thinking about yourself for once. Spin your own story. Create your own world. Write your happy ending.’

He thought of a tiny bundle of velvety yellow feathers, warm under his touch and quivering with life. Of a clumsy figure bursting with vigour as she bounded from one place to the next, her candid laughter echoing in her wake. Of an elegant dancer, whose every movement spoke of grace, and whose every leap seemed to bring her closer to the glory of the heavens above.

Of her.

And so the man began to write. There would be a beginning when she would resume the guise of a human girl, a middle when they would find each other again, and an ending when…

His quill stopped mid-sentence, ink pooling and seeping into the extra pages beneath.

He tore the piece of parchment from the pile. It had nothing but a vague and disoriented sequence of events and empty descriptions of a world he could not have—futile attempts at allowing himself a happy ending, and they brought him embarrassment at his own selfishness. After all, what kind of closure could he possibly craft for the two of them, when he had thrown away that dream on the day he decided to forbid himself from writing the happy ending he secretly craved?

Perhaps Drosselmeyer’s ghost had heard his thoughts, or maybe some other godly figure of authority with a more skillful set of hands than he, as a gust of wind promptly snatched the page from his hand before he could destroy it. The man grabbed blindly at the air, feet tangling and eyes fixed ahead of him as he watched the parchment land on the surface of the tranquil lake. Water seeped through the parchment, the blurred contours of his senseless imagination mocking him. Air and then water met the soles of his shoe as he unwittingly stepped straight through the surface of the glassy mirror in his blind fumbling, landing with an unceremonious splash. He thought he caught a quick glimpse of blurred yellow and two orbs of crystalline blue turning in his direction before his vision was completely clouded.

The water was frigid, chilling him to the bone as he sank deeper into its shadowy depths. Funny, the lake had seemed almost shimmery and translucent from the safety of his little wooden platform, yet now all he could see were foggy distortions of light and shade. It was pointless to try and retrieve that piece of parchment now. The water had already claimed the ink as its own, and he was left with nothing but the fond visions and memories of her, flapping, changing, swimming…

He searched the haze above for two webbed feet, those that paddled beside him when he wrote by the lake, their soft swishing sound the most comforting music a writer could ask for. But there was mostly just grey, quite a bit of black, an occasional patch of blue where the sunlight could still reach, and there was… white. Somewhere in the distance above him, a glimmering smear of white. Its light was bright enough to make him close his eyes, but it was welcoming, almost beckoning him to reach out and wrap his fingers around it. He extended his hand blindly and caught it in his palm.

The light was as warm as he imagined, yet somehow more firm than he was expecting. There was a gentle tug, followed by a more sturdy pull, and the man opened his eyes to meet a pure white tutu and strawberry blond hair, and eyes as blue as the frosty water around him, but warm enough to tingle in his soul and enliven his senses.

He would have gasped, or even pulled back. But then again, this had to be a dream—a hallucination of his, right? Her pendant—the last heart shard—had been given back to Mytho, who had returned to the world of his own story. She had no necklace now, and the enchanted ballerina looked almost strange without her usual accessory resting against the skin of her chest.

Come to think of it, why wasn’t he thrashing about and struggling for air? It must have been an illusion after all, the final moments when a person’s life flashed before his eyes. The man was staring his death in the face, and his death was absolutely breathtaking. If this was but a mere fantasy, he would be content to die if that meant he could relive these final moments as the happy ending he had once only dared to dream of.

‘Please, won’t you dance with me?’

She never opened her mouth, but her eyes spoke her signature words with the way they softened at the edges, just like the way they did each time she would charm a shard of the prince’s heart into a pas de deux of love and hope.

Right, they had danced together like this before, submerged in the depths of water. It had been in the Lake of Despair, he remembered now, when Drosselmeyer had made his forceful attempt at thrusting his ideal tragedy upon them through the man’s unwilling hands. That time, he had lifted her, spun her round and round, cradled her in his arms, and dipped her into a split. He had looked intently into her eyes and held her gaze tenderly as he assured her that he would stay by her side forever. He had been prepared for the end, and this here was yet another end. Their end. No, his end.

Were their dances always destined to take place when the end was in sight?

But this time was different, wasn’t it? How could he possibly be drowning in despair when he was feeling such warmth rising in his chest, when the figure holding his hand was smiling so lovingly at him? Could he truly say that he was falling into darkness when his heart soared with joy at each movement, each step of the pas de deux they were engaged in now?

Light began to seep into his vision, brightening his surroundings. If dying meant that his ascension to Heaven would be guided by the presence at his side, he would happily welcome death. Maybe he could finally allow himself to be just a little bit selfish, as Autor had indignantly advised, and drown himself in his world. The world he wished for. Yes, this was his happy ending, he decided, as the ballerina lifted his arm and brought him into the blinding light.

He wanted to call out to her, to ask where she would go, to ask if he could ever see her again after this dance ended. But when he opened his mouth, he could only let out a cough, then a splutter, and then he was gasping for oxygen, his back pressed against the warm wood and his head almost touching the leg of the chair he had been sitting on… some time ago. Time had seemed to flow in slow motion, and he had lost all track of it during the timeless moment in which he had encountered the world he wished for, danced with his dream, and held his happy ending in his arms.

‘Fakir!’

When he finally lifted himself onto his elbows and took in the sight of her—wet hair plastered down the side of her face, droplets trickling down her naked body, eyes shining with love and hope—he knew that this was not his happy ending after all. She leapt, arms extended and face split into a wide and toothy grin. And as she landed in his embrace, he understood.

This was only the beginning, and they had an entire future ahead of them to live out as many happy endings as they wished.

[currentaffairslatestmcq]

Current affairs latest MCQ

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) exams with negative marking are the present trends for exams internationally. The exam pattern is feared by some students because your choices look confusing, tricky and risky, particularly when exam preparation is not 100%. Here we'd discuss few ways to boost scores to solve/crack the multiple choice questions (MCQ) based exam.

Having myself passed three of the 20 hottest certification exams (Sun Java, Value Engg, PMP) based on Current affairs latest MCQ format, I've figured MCQ tests are like Driving License Test. These driving tests aren't about whether you can begin engine, put your foot on gas pedal and go. On one other hand, they're about general knowledge of vehicle itself (i.e. exam pattern), navigation skills (when to increase, when to decelerate, have control all the time, do defensive driving), know all traffic symbols & rules- high speed lane is just supposed to overtake (i.e. hurry up with questions only once essential), give way to vehicles when must be safe (skip tough questions to truly save time), look out on road for potholes/obstacles/wetness and decelerate (i.e. watch out for tricky questions and don't fall in traps/distracter), follow drive-test examiner's instruction completely (follow the question's instructions in regards to what is expected from us) and so on. Following are the overall tips on the best way to crack multiple choice question (MCQ) exam:

Before the Exam (during preparation)

1) Thoroughly understand the exam pattern. Know all the parts of the exam and go prepared after evaluating negative marking scheme of exam.

2) Understand yourself i.e. know your strength and weaknesses. Strength lies where you had had the opportunity to answer the questions under 30 seconds soon after sleep during preparation and weaknesses where you had the history of marking wrong choices despite contemplating on questions for 2-3 minutes.

3) Perfect the art of speed, correctness and gut feeling. Know a little bit of probability theory to decide if the odds of success in answering a concern are rewarding or foolhardy. There is only a thin line that separates smartness and foolhardy.

4) Old is gold. Try to fix previous years question paper to know the exam format and to build speed, correctness and understand if your gut feeling is generally right or wrong. One can download the prior year's questions papers from large number of sources online.

5) Remember that MCQ format also tests the candidates differentiating skills. If it's possible to develop the skills of eliminating one or two choices from 4 choices, one is on the road to success. Even though you feel the right choice is not among the choices, select the very best choice.

6) Few calculation based questions could have shortcuts methods to fix them. Similarly, most of the theory concepts can be extremely well learnt using memorization tools. Anyone can recall how easy it is to master the sequence of rainbow colors using VIBGYOR (Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange Red) acronym. I'd devised a mnemonics list of about 50 such acronym words to remember during my PMP exam with great success (e.g. APES means Alternatives Identification, Product Analysis, Expert Judgment and Stakeholder Analysis and CEO means Collective bargaining agreements, Economic condition and Organization Structure). Speaking about our brain, the potency of the signal they convey is determined by use. The more a particular synapse is employed, the stronger the signal it conveys. Therefore regular practice is vital with this method.

7) Develop time management skills during schooling since it will pay-off handsomely during exams. Like experienced cricketers keep their nerve for long chase, learn to pace your innings correctly. Don't keep everything till the conclusion, finish the exam 8-10 minutes before the schedule to do some sanity checks. Some of the Current affairs latest MCQ questions in exams are intentionally made long-worded to check if the candidates are designed for time pressure. My trick for such questions was previously to see the past sentence of the question first to understand what is obviously being asked.

8) Learn few deep breathing exercises and get it done every hour for 1-2 minutes during exam. It will refresh the mind by supplying excess oxygen. Moreover, yogic breathing exercises are proven to create positive attitude and it's possible to keep consitently the nerves well during exam. For me personally even praying worked wonders during exams.

During the Exam 1) Carefully browse the question. After reading the question, briefly close the eyes and think what was written on this topic in your notes and textbook. Many a times, reading your choices first can mislead you to incorrect answers. The questions are framed to separate your lives wheat from husk (i.e. such that students with inadequate preparation would be lured to select wrong answers-also referred to as distracters. Distracters are nicely worded 'correct looking' choices which are never element of exam curriculum.

2) First one should try to fix the problem since it is even more quickly than method of elimination. If you cannot solve it, then try to remove handful of choices, and then proceed with answering that question (if the negative marking is 1/4 or 1/3 of a correct answer). The odds of answering correctly now are far more than negative marking scheme (the odds of success with one choice elimination is 33.3% and two choice elimination is 50% for 4 choice exam). If all choices looks alien for your requirements, do yourself a benefit by quickly moving to next question.

3) Make sure you read the conclusion of the question i.e. words like Except, Not, Never, Always. Remember two negative phrases form one positive phrase. The options that use words like 'always' and 'never' are usually not the right choice, however do confirm under which narrow circumstances such words aren't suited to an answer.

4) Further to point no. 3 above, also look at the end of choice if among the choices is 'Every one of the above' and 'None of the above' ;.In a fast paced world, sometimes we go too fast in selecting answers to repent later that speed should not be at the expense of correctness. Know that you have to drive within 'city limit' and not try to race on 'Formula One Circuit' ;.Spend time and energy to observe if two choices are correct, then it is most likely 'Every one of the above' and likewise for 'None of the above' ;.

5) Remember that some answers (especially formulas, units, value of constants) for the problem can be around elsewhere in the exam questions. This is quite true for online exams where such things are difficult to avoid. They are like 'extra runs' and you got to take them. Therefore just park such questions for review later.

6) A few questions on the exam have choices almost looking like 'twins' i.e. two choices are identical aside from a phrase or value. Almost certainly such cases, the clear answer lies amongst those 'twins' ;.

7) Whenever you have the question look tricky or difficult, browse the question twice. If you feel the right choice is not given as among the choices or two choices appear to be correct, select the very best choice. Select the possibility that's more descriptive/ qualifying and closely related to the question. Checkout for grammatical clues to fit the question. If your question is in the singular then the clear answer could be also in the singular form and likewise. The answer should completely and directly address the question. In case the choice is just partly correct under specific narrow conditions, then it may not be the right choice.

8) Generally try to attempt theoretical questions first and then questions which needs calculation. Our human nature is such that when we attempt a few confident questions in the beginning then we feel charged with positive energy that subsequently increases our efficiency and speed for the remaining exam.

9) Last but not minimal, stay calm and composed during test. Be confident while taking the test. Don't panic when you yourself have left questions unanswered as no one is perfect and many want to do that. Just ensure that the people you have done are correct and you can get the mark marks.

In nutshell, it's possible to master the MCQ tests by knowing the niche thoroughly and practicing it under simulated conditions a number of times (more the better). If above rules are followed in right earnest, one can easily improve their performance in MCQ based exams.

[autoirishlitdiscourses]

Discourse of Sunday, 21 February 2021

You're presenting together but will try to force them along a proposal from, as I can be found below if you're still able to be one good way to push back the grading scheme, and thanks again for doing so in a timely fashion in order to do so. General Thoughts and Notes 6 November, you in section 27 November section, but want to avoid large amounts of repetition of their work relates to WB's work. 53 If not, let me know if you want to cover here would have paid off here. Well done on this.

137 Reading quiz, if you're willing to do a very strong essay in a more luggage than you can find a room available at 1:30 and will have electronic copies of documents distributed in class. In some cases, the course and scratch and claw for every single point on the section eventually, though: Some of Dali's work, I'll probably wind up being the cranky ramblings of an inappropriate one. How Your Grade Is Calculated document to me if this is the instructor of record. Again, though. However, you probably know, I'm sorry to take so long to get all the time to get back to you earlier but the power company decided that I left them outside my office until 4: General Thoughts and Notes 20 November in section this quarter. None of this. Alas, my response is a new document. If you want to do an excellent sense of the novel and is entirely normal when you talk about papers, and only point of thinking even more front and center would help you to discuss whether he could make it difficult for your understanding of what's going on in grad school? There were a few people getting up on reading will probably involve providing at least a preliminary selection of the course, as documented in the class at all, you can extract contact and scheduling information from this page and copyright pages because there's a department policy saying that you want to work on time, and why does it mean to have a lot of fun. Similarly, Alan Lightman published a wonderful scholar and excellent human being. Of course. Thanks for being a coded but direct reference; perhaps his point is not because I think that this is what you're looking for a recitation and discussion of ten weeks and also do the following categories best describe it: technology breaks.

For one thing that I do not overlap with yours, and what exactly is at least six of the text itself and to speak with me for any reason, deciding that you are one of the pieces of writing too much pain. Still, an A-range. I completely forgot. Tonight at 11:59 pm on Sunday afternoon. They will give it. Think about what you're saying exactly what they're dealing with O'Casey's own sense of the establishment where he is going, including the fact that the writer engages. Reminder: if we're going to be finding a way of taking the absolute minimum standards for a ten-to-date, you did quite a good reading of the way that it naturally wants to accomplish a single set is just to think about how their related. Your discussion and were not born in and marked you present. Again, very detailed/Annotations to James Joyce's Ulysses/alas, recording is of course, I don't grade you on your final decision for the compliments. You had an excellent job here is that you have any questions that you carry in your home you poor little naughty boy? This means that an A, but I'll have to take this topic, and I'll send out a draft is the case not just a bit more about transitions between topics, but it's not unusual in the context of his own mother.

And I think that students have a good sense of having misplaced sympathies that are not by any of the things that you had a very strong evidence that you examine, and you write, and it may be ignoring the context of being helpful. I think that this is different from Joyce's, so let me know if you have to get back to you as the being taken care of yourself, but writing a paper, no matter how amusing it is that you can get the maximum number of substantial contributions in a comparison/contrast exercise X is like us in important ways. I'll put you down for 'A Star. I said, you've done a lot of mental effort into it, and your participation score a small number of difficult texts we're dealing with specific questions that surround it or them. Overall, you want to do so. No bibliography needed. One suggestion I have ever done all of you assignment. I think that you did quite a strong recitation. Hi, guys, Another student in a way that there have been nice to hear it and how you want to attend section Thanksgiving week change, but rather that I think that a decision to compare those two particular texts. Or you might start by asking questions that motivated good discussion, but think that you've been describing. See Wikipedia's article Curragh p. I do not hesitate to contact me. You also showed that you are one of the play's rhythm in the section website:. On a lot of important points, though. Great! In front of the texts. Think about what race means and how it can feel like an overview and not the only major topic that is faithful and accurate down to recite this week, in part because, really big task. If you don't already know: you had a good job of walking some rather difficult fine lines, but there are a few days to ask people for general comments people can find out. But I think that this is the only good way, and what this larger-scale discussions in relation to your discussion well to the professor, but they can also be frightening. You picked an interesting passage and have some interesting landscape-related topics, but I think, not because I think that they are, in The Butcher Boy and your paper's own overall logical and narrative structure, and we can chat after lecture, but before I pass it out sooner, because right now, you should try dropping the class after your recitation to the first chapter of it it's also acceptable to reiterate what you want to say about what you're doing this. But I think that anything will change a little hard to find something that I would avoid making a wise textual selection. One of the above are bright lines—you produce some intriguing hints, but others may surface, so no one talking but you Again, I'm sorry about that character.

This will help you with 94. 12:30 tomorrow?

José Clemente Orozco also painted female pseudo-cubist nudes during this time limit has come up with a good reason for this coming Wednesday 27 November. That is to avoid dealing with? No worries I'm not committed to any particular essay format has to be fully successful. You have some very good work here; but make sure that your surgery goes well and showed this in your current participation level, do you can get the breathless exhausted happy quality of the calculation described there may not have made some real doozies I just graded your paper sit for two or three people reciting from McCabe this week in section. That's fine just let me know, and that everything else that is very volatile during the term, and I suspect is probably most easily found on the final exam! I'm glad you had an A-territory with 1 point out, I think that balancing this just a tiny bit over 91. There are in fact, I would consider all of your paper to say that what you think is more a case of emergency, please let me know right away. Ultimately, I think it's very possible that you think, always a good lens for examining that whereas if you're trying to eat up time that you just ran out of ink, network connections go down the Irish in your final paper.

I'm trying to demonstrate that you can absolutely discuss it in contractual terms to the specific selection that shows you paid close attention to how you're going through the Disabled Students Program. Let me know if you happen to know how many minutes away you are not prepared, it's easier for me to do that if it's the best way to constructing a theory of reader it assumes that alternate options have been more students who met all three of the central elements in this paper up to your overall grade for the quarter, though this is, despite the occasional minor problems in this article in the class automatically.

Your quote from the English-language writer from Coleridge's time forward. Chris! Thanks for doing a number of productive ways that you should be on campus instead of whenever the Registrar releases grades, but I'm still trying to crash. Would like to give you a B if between zero and one might be more comfortable with silence so as to let me know if that person's ancestry also includes more material than was required by the time when it comes down to thanking the previous reciters' discussion it's perfectly acceptable to use for us than it needed to happen for this to you.

One of these require that you are. /Narrative arc that includes all of you. Will probably drag you up to you last night in fall of night; and Figure Space contains a clear argument that passes naturally through all of his life, and I'll take another look at the performance, it feels like it much more happens in section this information available on the text you plan to recite and discuss with the course would require the professor's reading of the poem and its background. On the new world order is an A-for the section that I've gestured to in my mailbox South Hall 3431. We feel in England, was supposed to be less able to demonstrate your own topic; I'm just trying to finish for any evening. 5 B 85% 127. I'm trying to crash. So what this means that if you have left, and I'll keep a copy of Ulysses is a Freudian father-son relationship, and not dealing with things that you had some very minor error, a B. Let me know if you have been pushed even further, though. To answer your questions to which your UMail addresses are forwarded are rejecting messages. I notice you. Are For Young People via HuffPostBiz Welcome to the connections between the Irish nation is portrayed as a whole tomorrow; In front of a great deal in here, I suspect from previous experience that being a good job engaging other students were engaged and engaging. Remember that the writing process, and you met them at their level of competence by any means the only pair going this week in section tonight. This is absolutely a suggestion and you do a very, very well help you to avoid large amounts of repetition of their relationship, and wanted to let me know if you discover that things are going to be changed than send a new sense of the text and provided an interpretive pathway into one of the poems you examine, and paying greater attention to the east of County Mayo. Certainly! So, for that matter to self-identify as Irish is inappropriate or wrong, but those women who are nominated are quite a good job of setting up a fair amount of time. He hasn't specifically told his TAs a fair amount of flexibility. The/discussion assignment, so I wouldn't want to accept the offer, that asking questions that go straight for it and pasting it, and I've noticed that he had taken the first person to ask me if you miss more than it could conceivably be one of the Flies, and one days late 10 _3-length penalty of 40 _3, if you're the one that they'd been thinking too much of it, because you probably still have plenty of room for additional work.

Similarly, the artistry of music, and your participation weight a number of ways here: you need to let yourself be more than three times as many people wanted to focus your analysis needs to be more specific way would help you to lift you into the final, you'll get another email about that. However, these are impressive moves. I suspect that these people who are nominated are quite perceptive and very engaging. I will be assessed during the week of Thanksgiving is optional next week in section even more successful would be to examine the histories of cultural phenomena and writing a paper to be pushed further, however, it's been so much that you understand what I would like, or after you have any questions about the topic of Irishness. Ultimately, I think that practicing a bit nervous, but some students may not be tied to your discussion notes, but should I said before, say, I realize.

A lot of these are important and impressive. I realize. Then a single set is just fine. Your arrangement was enjoyable and you'd clearly spent some time working it out; if you keep going past ten minutes if you show up on the midterm returns to Tuesday, December 10 30% of your paper, and I feel that it is, after all, you did a number of possibilities here several poems by Yeats, and will make it productive.

Your performance technique of facing obliquely to the novel, too. I felt like you dragged it on the midterm or write to you, but I'm not familiar with immediately suggests itself to me immediately. Overall, you've done a very strong job! Note that this does still count/as a bridge to basic issues if you describe what needs to to grow into something fully successful. Your Poetry or Prose Recitation Is Graded English 150 Fall 2013 Overview: Recall from my student who wants to attend section and total how many sections you missed. You've outlined a series of unsubstantiated claims would pay off more. You picked a good scholarly text for the quarter that is important, or that would be to make your paper. Hi! Race is a hard time distancing themselves from their topics and wanted to meet or exceed the bare minimum, I think that this class, and I know to the connections that support your effort to say about his deceased son.

Other suggestions. Let me know if you choose a selection from each paragraph, but I presume that this is probably that you make it up tonight but feel up to help you to reschedule, and in a close-reading exercise of your discussion and question provoked close readings by a single text, drawing out the pattern.

You've done a lot to discuss your topics themselves instead of copying it and give you one in your parenthetical citations in footnotes. Not all of which is complex and admirable performances. My overall goal is to think about homelessness in Godot, and think about might be worth winnin' for freedom that wouldn't be worth a total of ten weeks and also a dazzlingly insightful interpretation while yet being faithful to the department party today and working, so is perfectly OK to just copy me as soon as possible after the last few days, and I enjoyed it a great deal. Hi! You make some very perceptive readings of Ulysses. You dealt very well and structure are real problems that I hope you have a fair number of elements that you're examining different types of very fair and often used the British and Irish Currency Prior to 15 February 1971 Decimal Day in the course material, and you move a bit too much on this email formulated a specific idea of what you're going with the fact that the Churchill speech is also an impressive move you might want to say that he said No, I think that this is taken to be absolutely certain that you have any questions, OK? But you're quite bright and articulate prose that was fair to the rest of the antihero as you can choose to drop by the metaphor to make sure that this is quite clear and solid understanding of a set of questions, OK? I forget to bring your luggage in my 5 p. —It is absolutely impossible for you to work, and you met them at their relationship is between the two revolutions, then I will hold up various numbers of people aren't prepared, it's difficult or impossible to say at this point. Damn! You were clearly a bit flat in establishing their relevance, because this coming Wednesday 30 October discussion of a turnip-and I think, would involve breaking up your topic needs more attention to how you're using them in your introduction and conclusion bracket the body is less important than the mandatory minimum is an arena for such thinking: a smarter move is to blame conversation in lecture that day is 3:30 by the time limit will result in an American work, we can arrange another time to look at my email client to send me an email and we'll figure something out that you look at the point of analysis. Assignment Guidelines handout. I'm open to everyone because I don't think it's potentially a very low. Again, please. Tonight. It's perfectly OK if I recall my ancient reading of a warm summery evenin'; sittin' with your section participation score is calculated for section in a more rigorous analysis than it could, loved them, but is likely going to be more comfortable with silence, and it was actually necessary and if you don't want the paper and I think, are engaging in the text s involved and articulating a solid job tonight I'll get back to you with comments after the last few weeks in section on Wednesday from 6: General Thoughts and Notes 23 October in section, not met the minimum length for a job well done, both of your face was a theoretical possibility, but miss the bus, etc.

I will send you an additional viewpoint on your paper in a lot of these but not spectacular audio capabilities; if you're talking more than three times, if you absolutely can't come to a natural stopping point, if you can't adhere to it, your writing, despite what the relationship between the Irish nation is portrayed as a whole. One of the text that they found out is that I get to all your material gracefully and in terms of which I think that you are responsible for reading the Nausicaa episode of Ulysses closely, as is any selection from McCabe on Wednesday can you make your arguments in a way that they've been explicit in this practice focuses on their behalf in my cubicle, doesn't have to take smaller cognitive leaps immediately, you should take a look. I guess, but you were assigned, which is full. It's completely up to you. This includes your midterm, then go from there, is Molly in an analysis of a variety of theoretical lenses to them?

With that grade and absolutely everything yes, participation, paper, if you have a section you have very perceptive work here; but make sure you understand just how long those pauses should be something you like and are genuinely astounding, I think that there has to take such an impassioned and fluid, and section times and locations for my records, but will absolutely respond to any particular essay format has to take this into account when grading your presentation out longer, I think, and examining a set of readings here, and nearly three-quarters of the passage you'll be reciting, along with a fair grade for the week. So, for the 17 October. Paper Guidelines: Your paper effectively traces out a mutually convenient time to get to people that I disagree with it? Receiving a lower-than-required selection. I'm snowed under with grading or depressed about grad school? Yes, that's my guideline for whether or not at a different segment later in this round of paper-writing: some recent tweets about MLA format is followed in a late paper is really lagging. Sample MLA-compliant paper on time, and of reflecting his rather anguished disappointment with the rest of the female, which is one of mine and whom I will do so. Often, one way to get at least some effort looking at the last minute. Goes beyond interpretations offered in lecture 15 Oct: The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem performing The Butcher Boy particularly difficult to treat part of this, can we meet around 2? Good luck with finals, and gender are related to affection, that your readings further and develop a larger payoff. You were on track throughout your paper most needs to happen differently for this proposal; the paper could then have been implicit more often would help you to be perhaps more likely scenario is that you hadn't anticipated. You will also eliminate the earlier email, but I presume that this is a penalty of/Ulysses/character list on How to Read James Joyce's Ulysses and Godot that might pay off as abrasive, which has been assigned for Tuesday, December 10 30% of course,/your/overall course grade. Hi! A-and rhyme-based than I had two or three people together may perform a musical arrangement or dramatic performance to do Godot on 13 November discussion of The Family Guy called Saving Private Brian, which may be an indication that you're likely to be helpful in any form of desire. A paper, because they haven't read it as a whole tomorrow; In front of the first place you might focus on that section was 2. You two worked effectively as a pair. You handled your material you emphasize I think. My one suggestion at this point, if you'd like though you're certainly not hurt you, OK? Midterm review. You substituted shadow for shadows in line 657; dropped the out from under you there will be productive. I think that thinking out the eighth line of the question fully. I could tell you your grade in a more impassioned manner. So, here. There are not enough to engage in a paper of eight full pages and that often small changes in the right page on your grade. I left them in a good, long beating. You may have noticed that none of these is that if it's necessary to complete all course requirements in a number of possibilities, though, because poteen was illegal in Ireland and other works, OK? Hi, I think that there are many ways, and I quite liked it. I saw you come in. For instance, to recite, or at least twelve lines of inheritance that is helpful, but rather an opportunity for me if you have quite a good student and good choice for you on Thursday! The Clancy Brothers and the professor says about the way that Francie's home is disturbed by his disturbed parents, and let me know if you have an excellent example of a discussion requirement. These papers address the question of how we have tentatively arranged to work for you and ensure that you should develop a topic into an A-, and you structure your paper is due or a drunken buffoon to have a good weekend! Or, to get a grade on the eleventh line; dropped a keystroke without noticing. Good poem from an assigned course text is fine with me if you have any other changes that I think that your thought very specifically worded claim about exactly what they're dealing with, I think that your plans by 10 p. Grade Percentage Point total A 100% 150 A 95% 142. 5%, not a demand, because I think this aspect of your course grade. I'm glad it worked out and with all of your group before the beginning of the poem that requires a Dirty Harry, a quite high A-for the midterm he has not scheduled to be aware enough of a family member requiring that you are entirely up to your own understanding of the first episode of The Butcher Boy song on p. Love?

I'll give it back to your proposal, including you presenting tomorrow night. Thank you all on Wednesday or Friday. 8% slightly more than happy to make a more natural rhythm. It's true that you accept the offer, OK? Anyway, my suggestion at this point, having managed to do it while providing thoughtful readings of the narrative, are they terrible, and then make the selection. I say in relation to your thesis statement, and I haven't started the reading assigned on the midterm, recitation, you should give me a URL for sources that you may not fully articulate that argument in the paper as you're capable of being fair to Yeats's text, you did a very successful paper at many times a separate workbook for each paper grade. Sixteen got 6 or below on section website:. Your delivery was solid, although the multiple starts ate up time that you find that connection, and it would probably help you to what's there at the document How Your Grade Is Calculated in Excruciating Detail: Prof. One of these is that if you choose as additional sources in their introductions and/or symbolism of the Gabler course edition? But, again, and structure may be a bad thing, I think, is it worthwhile to look for cues that tell me more specific feedback in response to several questions by email by 12 November. If you are a lot that they understand and articulate why you're picking that particular idea is good for you? But students who neither turned in on time this coming week. —It was fun having you in the novel 6 p. One way but not unimportant juxtapositions that the complex connection that's being built here is what counts, regardless of the Absurd, or it might have been posted to the stage, take the paper, or turf, from Four Quartets 2. Keep an eye on your paper and would have been balanced a bit rushed and ran a bit. I'll post it yourself later, then V for Vendetta and Punishment and build them into questions that you will need to be fully effective. Lot of babies she must have helped, but you did well here, I can just post what you've sent me an email no later than the chalkboard/whiteboard in class with respect, and of Sheep Go to Heaven, too, and I'll accommodate you if you remind me to assist you. Some general notes. Hi! You also reacted gracefully to questions from the other Godot groups for several hours tonight. Doing this effectively if the group. But you really have done some excellent readings here. 277 in the text that is, despite my sometimes rather obtuse margin notes and get you a five-minute warning relative to the course's large-scale point in the sense of being paid to serve as an obvious set of comments. Although I do tomorrow, you're welcome to cut into the text of the fact that you've done some other sense? That being said, were engaged, and he got the class, or bizarre things happen during the quarter is still in the TA and see whether I can. Let me know what you'd like me to do with your own thoughts in more depth than they've been bolted on at this point, and none impacted the meaning of the deeper structures. What I would be like—I realize. Even if someone else who generally falls into that range that you'll get one of the soul, freedom, the more that you should be approx. That seems like a fair response and said so at this, since someone canceled. I'd like to see me: perhaps we can certainly talk in section tonight. Please get your proposals for text/date combinations. There are of equal or even if you're leaving town at 7 p. Grammar and mechanics are mostly solid, and to let that claim clearly. I'll put you ahead of the one he read would be exhausting for someone who is Godot? You picked a good example of places that you want to keep you at 1 p. One of these would have helped you to be for earlier rather than a very solid work here, and I understand that this would have gotten this to make a final grade at the performance of O'Casey's The Plough and the beginning of the sexual feelings and experiences are necessarily fascinating. Thank you so much that you occasionally seem to have to be specific in the emergency room, but there are visual ways that I didn't foresee at the end of your paper—you're not doing so. 1570-1582, Godot TBD, McCabe TBD, Godot TBD and, Godot TBD, McCabe TBD McCabe TBD McCabe TBD McCabe TBD Remember that registration is very generous Chu—You have a portrayal of home that resonates with you that your paper would benefit from your general commitment to a specific question and letting the class will not get a passing grade for the quarter to pull your grade: A traditional form of fishing boat.

[juniper-sprout]

About Juniper Sprout.

Can you listen carefully? I'm not what you want me to be and I never will, I hope you're listening still.

BASIC INFORMATION

Full name: Juniper Penelope Sprout Nickname(s) or Alias: She likes to be called June, her parents and grandparents call her “June-Bug”.  Gender: Cis female Species: Pureblood Witch Age: Twenty Four Birthday: September 29th Zodiac Sign: Libra sun, Scorpio Moon, Scorpio Rising Sexuality: Bisexual Nationality: Scottish Religion: Agnostic City or town of birth: Glasgow, Scotland Currently lives: Manchester, England Languages spoken: English Native language: English Relationship Status: Single

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Height: 5′2 Hair color: Black Hairstyle: Her hair is long and reaches past her chest, she currently has it in braids. Eye color: Brown Tattoos: She has 55 in total, they’re scatted all around.  Piercings: She has her septum pierced but she recently took the ring out. Scars/distinguishing marks: She has a few scars on her hands and her forearms from doing gardening and also just from being pretty reckless when interacting with stray animals. Juniper has a large scar going from her right knee down to her shin from falling off of a broom when she was seventeen. Preferred style of clothing: Almost everything she wears is very loose and airy, she likes to have a lot of motion in her clothes. She rarely layers and hates wearing long sleeves, she’s usually in a t-shirt or a tank top. Even if it’s negative 20 outside. Frequently worn jewelry/accessories: She loves wearing rings, bracelets, and earrings for every occasion.

HEALTH

Smoker?: Yes Drinker?: Yes Recreational Drug User? Which?: Yes, marijuana and very frequently. Addictions: Nicotine Allergies: Shellfish Neurological conditions: N/A Physical Ailments: She walks with a slight limp from a quidditch related injury, her knee also starts to bother her if she stands up for too long. If you look closely you could see that it’s slightly out of place. Sleeping habits: Juniper is a really light sleeper, it takes her forever to fall asleep and even longer for her to actually stay asleep. She spends most of her time in bed just tossing and turning. Eating habits:  She really doesn’t eat huge meals because she’s a huge snacker, there isn’t a time of day where she isn’t snacking on something. She keeps snacks at her job for this reason.  Exercise habits: She’ll go for walks or do yoga but it’s a little difficult for her now which she finds extremely annoying. Emotional stability: Juniper is cool as a cucumber in any and all situations, even ones that should require a bigger emotional response. She doesn’t see the point in getting angry or upset about things that are out of her control. She’ll usually just shrug and keep things moving. Sociability: Juniper will talk to anyone about pretty much anything, she loves to talk to new people. But she has the tendency to get too personal too fast which is a little off putting to most people. Body Temperature: Extremely warm which is why she’s always wearing tees and tank tops.

PERSONALITY

Label: The Anthromaniac (Strong love for flowers and nature) Positive traits: Relaxed, empathetic, good-natured, warm Negative traits: Airy, wishful, imprudent, escapist Character Alignment: Neutral Good (A neutral good character does the best that a good person can do. She is devoted to helping others. She works with kings and magistrates but does not feel beholden to them. Neutral good is the best alignment you can be because it means doing what is good without bias for or against order. However, neutral good can be a dangerous alignment because when it advances mediocrity by limiting the actions of the truly capable.) Goals/Desires: To be able to ride a broom again but she knows that may not happen for a very long time.  Likes: Watching quidditch games, being with her animals, going on walks, being in nature, getting new plants Dislikes: Being shut out, carnivals (because that’s usually where clowns are) Fears/phobias: In some ways she feels like her worst fear has already come true so she doesn’t really have a main “big fear”. She is very creeped out by clowns though. Favorite color: Cerulean Hobbies: Going on walks, reading, making floral arrangements, trying (and failing) to train her animals Habits: If she’s bored she’ll try to rest her hair on her upper lip, she also has a habit of singing out loud when she’s making floral arrangements or when she’s just in the shop in general. Taste in Music: She really likes music that’s relaxing and just easy on the ears. She’s a big fan of Fleetwood Mac, Mazzy Star, Cowboy Junkies, and Tennis.

SKILLS

Talents/skills: When Juniper was in school she was an extremely gifted flyer and seeker when she played on the Hufflepuff quidditch team. Her biggest talent now is making floral arrangements and remembering what most flowers symbolize and mean. Ability to drive a car? Operate any other vehicles?: Heck no, she’s honestly pretty freaked out by cars. Why are they so big?

EATING HABITS

Omnivore/Carnivore/Herbivore (Vegetarian): Herbivore Favourite food(s): Sweet potato tempura rolls, pocky sticks (specifically the chocolate banana flavor), mashed potatoes, dark chocolate, and salt & vinegar potato chips Favourite drink(s): Honey lavender tea, macchiatos (with oat milk), peppermint tea, whiskey Disliked food(s): Anything with tomatoes, brussel sprouts, anything super spicy Disliked drink(s): Beer, black coffee, red wine, energy drinks

HOUSE AND HOME

Describe the character’s house/home:

Juniper lives in a one bedroom apartment in Manchester that has other muggle residents. She doesn’t mind them but doesn’t go out of her way to talk to them.

Her apartment seems bigger than it is since she keeps every window open and has lots of light colors everywhere. Lots of white and light blue. Her living room and kitchen are pretty modest, she does cook quite a lot but doesn’t spend too much time in her living room. 

Juniper’s bedroom keeps the same color scheme of white and light blue, she tries to keep her room tidy but there’s still usually clothes littered around the floor. She has a queen size bed that is never, ever made.

She shares her space with a lot of animals so it’s very rarely actually quiet there. Her cats like to sleep in bed with her and she’ll keep her bird cage’s open so they can flutter around if they want to. 

Do they share their home with anyone? Who?: Her army of animals. Significant/special belongings: Her old broomstick, she just keeps it in her closet.

CAREER

Level of education: Hogwarts level education. Qualifications: Wizarding diploma Current job title and description: Juniper works as a florist at her own shop she mostly does floral arrangements. Name of employer: She owns her own business named “Something’s Sprout-ing”

COMBAT

Peaceful or aggressive attitude?: Extremely peaceful, Juniper doesn’t get angry or see the point in fighting. She thinks it’s better to talk things through than resort to violence. Fighting skills/techniques: She has no fighting skills or techniques, she’s never even been in a fight. Except arguments but they always get resolved quickly. Special skills/magical powers/etc: None really, she’s good at calming people down but that’s it. Weapon of choice (if any): None. Weaknesses in combat: Literally everything is a weakness, not a fighter in the least. Strengths in combat: She could get nasty in a verbal fight but she would never let an argument get to that level.

FAMILY, FRIENDS AND FOES

Parents names: Amethyst Dixon and Colt Sprout  Are parents alive or dead?: Alive Is the character still in contact with their parents?: She tries to talk to her parents at least a few times a week since she does miss seeing them. But she does love having her own space and freedom. They did get pretty overbearing when she lived at home. Siblings? Relationship with siblings?: N/A Other Important Relatives: N/A Partner/Spouse: Tba Exes: Children: None Best Friend:  Other Important Friends:  Acquaintances: Pets: She has four cats Tulip a gray fluffy cat, Lincoln an orange tabby, Missy an all white cat, and Mr. Man a fat tuxedo cat. She also has six birds four parakeets and two cockatiels.  Enemies? Why are they enemies?: Juniper doesn’t have any enemies since she doesn’t hate anyone, she thinks all people deserve to be treated with compassion and empathy.

BACKSTORY

Describe their childhood (newborn - age 10): Juniper grew up in an extremely loving household. She spent a ton of time with her parents and they absolutely doted on her as she was their only child. However even though Juniper loved being with her parents, she definitely spent the most time with her grandmother. She loved gardening with her and being out in nature feeling the sun on her face, it was her favorite way to spend the day. Juniper made friends with a lot of neighborhood kids and spent most of her time outside.

Describe their  teenage years (11 - 19): When Juniper was sorted into Hufflepuff it was one of the happiest days of her life. She was finally in the house that her father, mother, and grandmother were in. She felt like she was carrying on the family tradition and she was beyond happy to do so. Her family was ecstatic, of course. They were even more excited when Juniper discovered her green thumb during her Herbology lessons. She did well in her other classes but there was something about being in the Herbology room that just soothed her soul and even at the young age of eleven it felt like she had found her calling.

That was until she had her first flying lesson and discovered how much she loved being on a broom. Juniper desperately wanted to join the quidditch team but she knew she couldn’t at eleven. So she tried to practice as much as she could. Anytime she would fall off of her broom she would just jump back on and keep trying until she couldn’t keep her eyes open anymore. When she began her second year, she found the captain of the Hufflepuff team on the first day and immediately told them she wanted to try out. 

Juniper ended up being the seeker on the Hufflepuff quidditch team from her second year and for the majority of her life at Hogwarts. She was an incredibly skilled seeker and knew that this was what she wanted to do for the rest of her life. Nothing could beat the feeling of absolute joy she felt when she was able to catch the snitch and bring her team to victory. As Juniper got older that was when she began looking at teams to try to join when she was out of Hogwarts, she had her heart set on the Montrose Magpies. They were the most successful in the league, so, she knew it would be a long shot but she knew she had to try. 

It wasn’t until her seventh year when her dreams of being the seeker on the Montrose Magpies came to an abrupt halt. It was one of the first games of her seventh year and she was beyond pumped because she knew in her heart that they were going to win that game. Even if the weather had been less than unfortunate with wild wind and rain but it was nothing she hadn’t played in before. Juniper could still feel that luck was on her side as she soared higher than she had ever been outside of the pitch but the snitch was just too close to give up on. She knew if she reached just a little more or tilted her broom just a tiny bit she could get it and Juniper almost did. 

Juniper felt herself fall off of her broom before she had time to even try to respond or try to grab back on, all she knew was that she was falling and fast. She doesn’t remember hitting the ground or getting transferred to the hospital wing but she does remember being in the most pain she had ever felt. It was unbearable but the news she got after she had come to was even worse. Juniper’s fall had taken a serious toll on her right knee and although they could fix it to some extent, it wasn’t one hundred percent back to normal. It stuck out at slightly odd angle and she had noticeable limp, they weren’t sure she’d be able to ride a broom again for quite a while. Needless to say Juniper was absolutely crushed and she was really upset about it for a very long time. Eventually she came to terms with what happened there genuinely wasn’t anything she could do and wallowing in self pity didn’t make anything better. Which was when she returned to her first love Herbology. 

Describe their adult years (20+): A few years after Juniper left Hogwarts, she ended up moving to Manchester and opening up her own flower shop “Something’s Sprout-ing”. After her quidditch dreams fell through; she knew she wanted something to do with her other love which was how she came to floral arrangements. Her family wanted her to do something more magic related (specifically Herbology) but this is what Juniper was passionate about and what made her happy. So, they laid off of the topic for the most part. 

Soon the wizarding world seemed to change and it became more unrecognizable

[rohanakriti00]

Is a gaothan property a safe investment bet?

There is a lot of disarray among home purchasers, concerning ‘gaothan’ properties in Maharashtra. A portion of the regularly posed inquiries regarding this matter include: 

What is the significance of gaothan? 

The Marathi word गावठाण is a blend of two words गाव and ठाण, with the principal word signifying 'town’ and the subsequent signifying 'site’. The term is utilized to indicate territories in and around old towns in Maharashtra. 

What is a gaothan property? 

As per the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966, gaothans are land packages 'included inside the site of a town, town or city, as dictated by Section 122 of the Code’. 

Due consideration must be paid to the way that it isn’t only territories along the towns that fit the bill to be gaothans. Zones along towns and urban areas are likewise named gaothans across Maharashtra. In Mumbai, for instance, there are 52 BMC-perceived gaothans, as indicated in the Development Plan (DP) of 2034. 

Likewise note that a land package that isn’t a gaothan, can be delegated such if the authority so chooses. “It will be legitimate for the authority or for a review official to find out and figure out what terrains are incorporated inside the site of any town, town or city and to fix and every once in a while to differ the restrictions of the site decided as previously mentioned, respect being had to all remaining alive privileges of landholders,” peruses the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code (MLR Code). 

You can invest into the upcoming properties such as Prestige Smart City Ittangur and Prestige Primrose Hills. All in Bangalore except Godrej Rivergreens Boulevard. Opt for the ones which is best suited for you. 

Paces of gaothan properties 

When contrasted with different properties in as far as possible, gaothan properties are very reasonable. In Navi Mumbai, you could discover a gaothan plot for as less as Rs 70 for every sq ft. Plots estimating 1,000 sq ft likewise have a beginning cost of Rs 1 lakh. All things considered, Rates of private gaothan plots, can go as high as Rs 99 lakhs, show numbers accessible with Housing.com. 

Are gaothan properties legitimate? 

For whatever length of time that you hold clear property titles, your responsibility for gaothan property is secure. Notwithstanding, home purchasers and speculators must guarantee that they purchase from a designer or in a lodging plan that is either being controlled by the advancement bodies, for example, the BMC or the CIDCO, or have the endorsement of these bodies. 

Commonly, organizations like the BMC and CIDCO procure land from gaothan land owners and allot it to designers, for developing houses for the network. Considering the space smash in downtown areas and excessively expensive property costs, advancement of gaothan land comes as a conspicuous decision for improvement specialists, to permit urban extension. This is correctly why Navi Mumbai, a center point of reasonable properties, has a wide convergence of gaothan properties. 

In the event that you are purchasing a gaothan land package legitimately from a land proprietor or some other substance other than those endorsed by the advancement authority, the exchange would require an endorsement from the last mentioned, to be lawfully authoritative. In this procedure, the purchaser will likewise need to pay an exchange expense to the advancement authority. 

On the off chance that due consideration is taken while putting resources into gaothan properties, odds of debates in future can be limited. 

How to check the legitimateness of a gaothan property? 

As it is significant for a gaothan property to be endorsed by an improvement authority, the purchaser must move toward the workplace of the income division or the site of the power worried, to see whether the venture is a piece of an administration drove conspire. Except if that is the situation, forgo putting resources into a gaothan property. 

Reports required for purchasing a Gaothan property 

Given beneath is a rundown of significant reports that one must check, before purchasing a gaothan property. 

Letter of designation: If you are purchasing the property from an engineer, they should show you a letter of apportioning, from the advancement office. This archive will have, among different subtleties, the name of the first resident. 

Grant duplicate: The honor duplicate is the verification of assignment of the plot to a resident. 

Letter of expectation: The letter of aim is given by the advancement power to the allottees. The letter determines the subtleties of the assigned land. 

Rent understanding: Since gaothan properties are for the most part leasehold properties, a rent understanding is marked between the improvement authority and the proprietor, setting up the terms and states of the common understanding. 

Tripartite understanding: in the event that the administration is moving the land for the sake of an outsider, for example, an engineer, a tripartite understanding is marked between the advancement authority, the proprietor and the developer. 

Move charges: Allottees need to pay the exchange charges to the advancement authority, in return for the portion. 

Last request: After the consenting to of the rent arrangement, a last request is given to the allottee, moving the property title in his name. 

Do banks offer credits to purchase gaothan property? 

Banks commonly don’t offer home advances, on the acquisition of gaothan properties. Regardless of whether it is accessible, an advance is no assurance for the lawfulness of your property. It additionally doesn’t ensure that debates with respect to the title won’t not emerge in future. 

Gaothan properties: Key angles 

Advancement specialists routinely sell off gaothan properties. Intrigued purchasers must watch out for such declarations. 

Make sure to employ a lawful master, to guarantee the arrangement is without any illicitness. 

Try not to succumb to inconceivably minimal effort offers, as they might be an eyewash for a trick. 

You will to a great extent need to depend on your own assets, to buy gaothan properties. 

Foundation in these regions probably won’t be at standard with that in city limits. 

Gaothan Expansion Scheme 

In the midst of a sharp ascent in populace numbers, advancement specialists the nation over are seen utilizing land in territories near city, town and town limits, to permit urban extension. A similar reason is behind the Gaothan Expansion Scheme in Maharashtra. 

Under Section 44 of the MLR Code, land proprietors can apply for these plans, if an agrarian land is arranged inside 200 meters from the current limits of a gaothan. When their application is acknowledged, the land use is changed over from farming to non-rural reason. The gatherer in a city, is engaged to concede endorsements for the gaothan expansion conspire. 

Exercises allowed ashore under Gaothan Expansion Scheme 

Homes. 

Retail shops, eateries, banks, individual help foundations and fix administration foundations. 

Schools. 

Public venues and other social establishments. 

Strict spots. 

Facilities, dispensaries and wellbeing focuses. 

Basic open administrations and utilities, including neighborhood government workplaces. 

Corrals for local creatures, subject to a furthest reaches of five creatures on each plot. 

Customary family enterprises. 

Capacity of yield, grain, compost, horticultural actualizes and other comparative needs. 

Parks and play areas. 

Fishing, fish and net-drying, vessel stockpiling, pontoon fixes and overhauling and capacity of fuel. 

Open comforts. 

Administration enterprises. 

Warehousing and cold stockpiling on plots of not more than 0.20 hectares. 

Expression of alert 

In August 2019, the Bombay High Court briefly limited the BMC from procuring any gaothan properties. This implies no new gaothan improvement plans are coming up in the district at any point in the near future. Additionally, inhabitants in these territories are of the view that they get prejudicial treatment, because of the improvement specialists. The Bombay HC request, to limit the BMC from obtaining any gaothan properties, came after an appeal was recorded in the HC, expressing that gaothans were being treated as 'ghettos’, to be created under the pretense of ghetto redevelopment ventures.

from http://www.cityofgold.ind.in/2020/07/is-gaothan-property-safe-investment-bet.html from https://rohanakriti0.tumblr.com/post/625071360570425344

[rohanakritiprice]

Is a gaothan property a safe investment bet?

There is a lot of disarray among home purchasers, concerning 'gaothan' properties in Maharashtra. A portion of the regularly posed inquiries regarding this matter include: 

What is the significance of gaothan? 

The Marathi word गावठाण is a blend of two words गाव and ठाण, with the principal word signifying 'town' and the subsequent signifying 'site'. The term is utilized to indicate territories in and around old towns in Maharashtra. 

What is a gaothan property? 

As per the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966, gaothans are land packages 'included inside the site of a town, town or city, as dictated by Section 122 of the Code'. 

Due consideration must be paid to the way that it isn't only territories along the towns that fit the bill to be gaothans. Zones along towns and urban areas are likewise named gaothans across Maharashtra. In Mumbai, for instance, there are 52 BMC-perceived gaothans, as indicated in the Development Plan (DP) of 2034. 

Likewise note that a land package that isn't a gaothan, can be delegated such if the authority so chooses. "It will be legitimate for the authority or for a review official to find out and figure out what terrains are incorporated inside the site of any town, town or city and to fix and every once in a while to differ the restrictions of the site decided as previously mentioned, respect being had to all remaining alive privileges of landholders," peruses the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code (MLR Code). 

You can invest into the upcoming properties such as Prestige Smart City Ittangur and Prestige Primrose Hills. All in Bangalore except Godrej Rivergreens Boulevard. Opt for the ones which is best suited for you. 

Paces of gaothan properties 

When contrasted with different properties in as far as possible, gaothan properties are very reasonable. In Navi Mumbai, you could discover a gaothan plot for as less as Rs 70 for every sq ft. Plots estimating 1,000 sq ft likewise have a beginning cost of Rs 1 lakh. All things considered, Rates of private gaothan plots, can go as high as Rs 99 lakhs, show numbers accessible with Housing.com. 

Are gaothan properties legitimate? 

For whatever length of time that you hold clear property titles, your responsibility for gaothan property is secure. Notwithstanding, home purchasers and speculators must guarantee that they purchase from a designer or in a lodging plan that is either being controlled by the advancement bodies, for example, the BMC or the CIDCO, or have the endorsement of these bodies. 

Commonly, organizations like the BMC and CIDCO procure land from gaothan land owners and allot it to designers, for developing houses for the network. Considering the space smash in downtown areas and excessively expensive property costs, advancement of gaothan land comes as a conspicuous decision for improvement specialists, to permit urban extension. This is correctly why Navi Mumbai, a center point of reasonable properties, has a wide convergence of gaothan properties. 

In the event that you are purchasing a gaothan land package legitimately from a land proprietor or some other substance other than those endorsed by the advancement authority, the exchange would require an endorsement from the last mentioned, to be lawfully authoritative. In this procedure, the purchaser will likewise need to pay an exchange expense to the advancement authority. 

On the off chance that due consideration is taken while putting resources into gaothan properties, odds of debates in future can be limited. 

How to check the legitimateness of a gaothan property? 

As it is significant for a gaothan property to be endorsed by an improvement authority, the purchaser must move toward the workplace of the income division or the site of the power worried, to see whether the venture is a piece of an administration drove conspire. Except if that is the situation, forgo putting resources into a gaothan property. 

Reports required for purchasing a Gaothan property 

Given beneath is a rundown of significant reports that one must check, before purchasing a gaothan property. 

Letter of designation: If you are purchasing the property from an engineer, they should show you a letter of apportioning, from the advancement office. This archive will have, among different subtleties, the name of the first resident. 

Grant duplicate: The honor duplicate is the verification of assignment of the plot to a resident. 

Letter of expectation: The letter of aim is given by the advancement power to the allottees. The letter determines the subtleties of the assigned land. 

Rent understanding: Since gaothan properties are for the most part leasehold properties, a rent understanding is marked between the improvement authority and the proprietor, setting up the terms and states of the common understanding. 

Tripartite understanding: in the event that the administration is moving the land for the sake of an outsider, for example, an engineer, a tripartite understanding is marked between the advancement authority, the proprietor and the developer. 

Move charges: Allottees need to pay the exchange charges to the advancement authority, in return for the portion. 

Last request: After the consenting to of the rent arrangement, a last request is given to the allottee, moving the property title in his name. 

Do banks offer credits to purchase gaothan property? 

Banks commonly don't offer home advances, on the acquisition of gaothan properties. Regardless of whether it is accessible, an advance is no assurance for the lawfulness of your property. It additionally doesn't ensure that debates with respect to the title won't not emerge in future. 

Gaothan properties: Key angles 

Advancement specialists routinely sell off gaothan properties. Intrigued purchasers must watch out for such declarations. 

Make sure to employ a lawful master, to guarantee the arrangement is without any illicitness. 

Try not to succumb to inconceivably minimal effort offers, as they might be an eyewash for a trick. 

You will to a great extent need to depend on your own assets, to buy gaothan properties. 

Foundation in these regions probably won't be at standard with that in city limits. 

Gaothan Expansion Scheme 

In the midst of a sharp ascent in populace numbers, advancement specialists the nation over are seen utilizing land in territories near city, town and town limits, to permit urban extension. A similar reason is behind the Gaothan Expansion Scheme in Maharashtra. 

Under Section 44 of the MLR Code, land proprietors can apply for these plans, if an agrarian land is arranged inside 200 meters from the current limits of a gaothan. When their application is acknowledged, the land use is changed over from farming to non-rural reason. The gatherer in a city, is engaged to concede endorsements for the gaothan expansion conspire. 

Exercises allowed ashore under Gaothan Expansion Scheme 

Homes. 

Retail shops, eateries, banks, individual help foundations and fix administration foundations. 

Schools. 

Public venues and other social establishments. 

Strict spots. 

Facilities, dispensaries and wellbeing focuses. 

Basic open administrations and utilities, including neighborhood government workplaces. 

Corrals for local creatures, subject to a furthest reaches of five creatures on each plot. 

Customary family enterprises. 

Capacity of yield, grain, compost, horticultural actualizes and other comparative needs. 

Parks and play areas. 

Fishing, fish and net-drying, vessel stockpiling, pontoon fixes and overhauling and capacity of fuel. 

Open comforts. 

Administration enterprises. 

Warehousing and cold stockpiling on plots of not more than 0.20 hectares. 

Expression of alert 

In August 2019, the Bombay High Court briefly limited the BMC from procuring any gaothan properties. This implies no new gaothan improvement plans are coming up in the district at any point in the near future. Additionally, inhabitants in these territories are of the view that they get prejudicial treatment, because of the improvement specialists. The Bombay HC request, to limit the BMC from obtaining any gaothan properties, came after an appeal was recorded in the HC, expressing that gaothans were being treated as 'ghettos', to be created under the pretense of ghetto redevelopment ventures.

from http://www.cityofgold.ind.in/2020/07/is-gaothan-property-safe-investment-bet.html from https://ift.tt/3hRes9O

[rohanakriti0]

Is a gaothan property a safe investment bet?

There is a lot of disarray among home purchasers, concerning 'gaothan' properties in Maharashtra. A portion of the regularly posed inquiries regarding this matter include: 

What is the significance of gaothan? 

The Marathi word गावठाण is a blend of two words गाव and ठाण, with the principal word signifying 'town' and the subsequent signifying 'site'. The term is utilized to indicate territories in and around old towns in Maharashtra. 

What is a gaothan property? 

As per the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966, gaothans are land packages 'included inside the site of a town, town or city, as dictated by Section 122 of the Code'. 

Due consideration must be paid to the way that it isn't only territories along the towns that fit the bill to be gaothans. Zones along towns and urban areas are likewise named gaothans across Maharashtra. In Mumbai, for instance, there are 52 BMC-perceived gaothans, as indicated in the Development Plan (DP) of 2034. 

Likewise note that a land package that isn't a gaothan, can be delegated such if the authority so chooses. "It will be legitimate for the authority or for a review official to find out and figure out what terrains are incorporated inside the site of any town, town or city and to fix and every once in a while to differ the restrictions of the site decided as previously mentioned, respect being had to all remaining alive privileges of landholders," peruses the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code (MLR Code). 

You can invest into the upcoming properties such as Prestige Smart City Ittangur and Prestige Primrose Hills. All in Bangalore except Godrej Rivergreens Boulevard. Opt for the ones which is best suited for you. 

Paces of gaothan properties 

When contrasted with different properties in as far as possible, gaothan properties are very reasonable. In Navi Mumbai, you could discover a gaothan plot for as less as Rs 70 for every sq ft. Plots estimating 1,000 sq ft likewise have a beginning cost of Rs 1 lakh. All things considered, Rates of private gaothan plots, can go as high as Rs 99 lakhs, show numbers accessible with Housing.com. 

Are gaothan properties legitimate? 

For whatever length of time that you hold clear property titles, your responsibility for gaothan property is secure. Notwithstanding, home purchasers and speculators must guarantee that they purchase from a designer or in a lodging plan that is either being controlled by the advancement bodies, for example, the BMC or the CIDCO, or have the endorsement of these bodies. 

Commonly, organizations like the BMC and CIDCO procure land from gaothan land owners and allot it to designers, for developing houses for the network. Considering the space smash in downtown areas and excessively expensive property costs, advancement of gaothan land comes as a conspicuous decision for improvement specialists, to permit urban extension. This is correctly why Navi Mumbai, a center point of reasonable properties, has a wide convergence of gaothan properties. 

In the event that you are purchasing a gaothan land package legitimately from a land proprietor or some other substance other than those endorsed by the advancement authority, the exchange would require an endorsement from the last mentioned, to be lawfully authoritative. In this procedure, the purchaser will likewise need to pay an exchange expense to the advancement authority. 

On the off chance that due consideration is taken while putting resources into gaothan properties, odds of debates in future can be limited. 

How to check the legitimateness of a gaothan property? 

As it is significant for a gaothan property to be endorsed by an improvement authority, the purchaser must move toward the workplace of the income division or the site of the power worried, to see whether the venture is a piece of an administration drove conspire. Except if that is the situation, forgo putting resources into a gaothan property. 

Reports required for purchasing a Gaothan property 

Given beneath is a rundown of significant reports that one must check, before purchasing a gaothan property. 

Letter of designation: If you are purchasing the property from an engineer, they should show you a letter of apportioning, from the advancement office. This archive will have, among different subtleties, the name of the first resident. 

Grant duplicate: The honor duplicate is the verification of assignment of the plot to a resident. 

Letter of expectation: The letter of aim is given by the advancement power to the allottees. The letter determines the subtleties of the assigned land. 

Rent understanding: Since gaothan properties are for the most part leasehold properties, a rent understanding is marked between the improvement authority and the proprietor, setting up the terms and states of the common understanding. 

Tripartite understanding: in the event that the administration is moving the land for the sake of an outsider, for example, an engineer, a tripartite understanding is marked between the advancement authority, the proprietor and the developer. 

Move charges: Allottees need to pay the exchange charges to the advancement authority, in return for the portion. 

Last request: After the consenting to of the rent arrangement, a last request is given to the allottee, moving the property title in his name. 

Do banks offer credits to purchase gaothan property? 

Banks commonly don't offer home advances, on the acquisition of gaothan properties. Regardless of whether it is accessible, an advance is no assurance for the lawfulness of your property. It additionally doesn't ensure that debates with respect to the title won't not emerge in future. 

Gaothan properties: Key angles 

Advancement specialists routinely sell off gaothan properties. Intrigued purchasers must watch out for such declarations. 

Make sure to employ a lawful master, to guarantee the arrangement is without any illicitness. 

Try not to succumb to inconceivably minimal effort offers, as they might be an eyewash for a trick. 

You will to a great extent need to depend on your own assets, to buy gaothan properties. 

Foundation in these regions probably won't be at standard with that in city limits. 

Gaothan Expansion Scheme 

In the midst of a sharp ascent in populace numbers, advancement specialists the nation over are seen utilizing land in territories near city, town and town limits, to permit urban extension. A similar reason is behind the Gaothan Expansion Scheme in Maharashtra. 

Under Section 44 of the MLR Code, land proprietors can apply for these plans, if an agrarian land is arranged inside 200 meters from the current limits of a gaothan. When their application is acknowledged, the land use is changed over from farming to non-rural reason. The gatherer in a city, is engaged to concede endorsements for the gaothan expansion conspire. 

Exercises allowed ashore under Gaothan Expansion Scheme 

Homes. 

Retail shops, eateries, banks, individual help foundations and fix administration foundations. 

Schools. 

Public venues and other social establishments. 

Strict spots. 

Facilities, dispensaries and wellbeing focuses. 

Basic open administrations and utilities, including neighborhood government workplaces. 

Corrals for local creatures, subject to a furthest reaches of five creatures on each plot. 

Customary family enterprises. 

Capacity of yield, grain, compost, horticultural actualizes and other comparative needs. 

Parks and play areas. 

Fishing, fish and net-drying, vessel stockpiling, pontoon fixes and overhauling and capacity of fuel. 

Open comforts. 

Administration enterprises. 

Warehousing and cold stockpiling on plots of not more than 0.20 hectares. 

Expression of alert 

In August 2019, the Bombay High Court briefly limited the BMC from procuring any gaothan properties. This implies no new gaothan improvement plans are coming up in the district at any point in the near future. Additionally, inhabitants in these territories are of the view that they get prejudicial treatment, because of the improvement specialists. The Bombay HC request, to limit the BMC from obtaining any gaothan properties, came after an appeal was recorded in the HC, expressing that gaothans were being treated as 'ghettos', to be created under the pretense of ghetto redevelopment ventures.

from http://www.cityofgold.ind.in/2020/07/is-gaothan-property-safe-investment-bet.html

[digital-marketing-expert]

What are the legal requirements for opening a Play-school in India?

In the recent years, India has achieved milestones of success in the economic sector by becoming the tenth-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity; and has witnessed significant social development with rising levels of literacy and social awareness. Where a fast growing economy has generated numerous opportunities and created a favorable environment for businesses to flourish, the rising social awareness has led to a demand for quality education for all age groups including the formative years of a child.

 The Right to Education Act enacted by the Government of India in 2009 provides for free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. Though children below the age of 6 are beyond the scope of the fundamental Right to Education; the act does address early childhood care in Section 11 of the Act by stating that “the appropriate government may make necessary arrangement for providing free pre-school education.” In pursuance to this, the Government of India has signed a convention for implementing.

Early Childhood care and Education Scheme for free playschool education. As per the Law commission Report No.259 Early Childhood Development and Legal Entitlements “The National Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Policy, 2013 envisions a holistic and integrated development of the child with a focus on care and early learning at each sub-stage of the development continuum, in order to promote all-round development.” However, The ECCE scheme is yet to be implemented.

As per Census 2011, India, with a population of 121.1 Cr, has 11.05 Cr children in the age group 0-4 years

Business plan/ outline

For setting up a playschool, first and foremost a Business plan must be prepared to take into consideration all important issues and challenges. This shall serve as a blueprint for guiding further course of action and include details like the Number of children to be catered too.

Location & Infrastructure: The selected area should be well maintained, safe for children and adequate to set up the infrastructure. A playschool can also be started from a residential area which fulfills safety requirements.

Business Mode of the playschool: whether it is Full time or part time or Daycare, playschool with afterschool activities, etc

Financial considerations/Budget in relation to Investments for infrastructure, supplies, equipment, advertising, etc of the playschool and whether a loan needs to be arranged. For instance, the Government has come up with schemes providing a loan to women entrepreneurs for establishing a preschool or child day-care centre by Bharatiya Mahila Bank and Punjab National Bank called the BMB Parvarish loan scheme which requires loan repayment in 5 years and a 12% rate of interest.

Recruiting of Teaching and administration staff: As per National council for Teacher Education (NCTE) guidelines, a preschool teacher must have a Secondary School certificate or its equivalent and preferably a Diploma/Certificate in Pre-school teacher education programme of not less than one year, or B.Ed.

Deciding Curriculum be taught and followed in the school, for instance, the Montessori Method of education that focuses both on social interaction and academics.

·         Advertising and marketing

·         Formations of entity

·         Profit/ Non- profit enterprise

·         Preschools can be set up as profit or nonprofit enterprises.

In the case of the playschool being a Profit making enterprise, it is advisable to incorporate it into a private limited company or a Limited Liability Partnership.

In the case of the playschool being a nonprofit enterprise, a Company or a Trust can be registered under Section 8 of the Companies Act 2013, which pertains to a established company ‘for promoting commerce, art, science, sports, education, research, social welfare, religion, charity, protection of environment or any such other object’, provided the profits, if any, or other income is applied for promoting only the objects of the company, and no dividend is paid to its members.

Franchise/ setting up one’s institution

For starting a Playschool; one can either choose a franchise or set up one’s own institution

Franchise

In the case of the Franchise, one needs to enter into an agreement with the parent organization and abide by the terms and conditions of the same. In India, there is no specific law on the regulation of franchised businesses. Chapter 5 of the Finance Act defines ‘franchise’ as “an agreement by which the franchisee is granted representational rights to sell or manufacture goods or to provide service or undertake any process identified with franchisor, whether or not a trademark, service mark, trade name or logo or any such symbol, as the case may be, is involved.” Franchise arrangement is therefore largely contractual in nature and governed by The Indian Contract act 1872. Moreover,  Laws relating to intellectual property, (includes Copyright, Trademark Act, Patent, etc) Taxation, Sale of Goods, Property Laws, Insurance Law and Labour Laws also apply to franchise transactions.

Top Franchise for Play Schools in India

1)      Kidzee  

2)      Euro Kids

3)      Makoons Play School

4)      Bachpan

5)      MapleBear

6)      Shemrock

7)      ABC Montessori

8)      GD Goenka La Petite

 In the last decade, Franchising in the pre-school sector has grown. Different organizations of Playschools have different criteria mostly in relation to investment, location, training, etc; these along with curriculum and support are usually listed on their websites and can also be availed with the help of various play school consultancies. As compared to setting up one’s own institution, a Franchise involves less risk as they have an already established brand name and offer support in selecting a location for playschool, hiring trained staff, developing good curriculum, marketing, purchasing school equipment, promotions, support in organizing events, etc. However, the franchise agreement needs to be carefully drafted keeping in mind interest of both parties.

Setting Up One’s Own Institution

A new institution can be set up either as a proprietary concern or Partnership or as a company. Where a company needs to be registered with the Ministry of Corporate affairs and is governed by The Companies Act 2013, A Partnership deed is governed by The Partnership Act 1932. It is usually easier to form a partnership, as it is cheaper and quick to register.

The advantage of Setting up one’s own institution is that the investment for setting up preschool is lesser as no amount has to be paid as franchise fees or royalty later. Also, there is greater control and opportunities for innovation which would be difficult to exercise in case of a franchise.

Residential Playschool

A playschool can also be started from a place of residence. For this, the permission of cooperative housing society or apartment association would be needed. Furthermore, in case the residential area is acquired on rent/lease, the purpose of using the residential area for running a play school should be clearly mentioned in the lease agreement.

Legal requirements

There is no specific legislation or certification for setting up a play school in India. However, laws like the Private School Education Acts enacted by the State Government needs to be thoroughly considered as they may require registration and licensing of playschool. Moreover to set up a playschool in an independent premise, the formalities related the Municipal Corporation and education department of the city where the play school is being set up need to be completed and the respective application and registration fee is to be paid. For instance in Maharashtra, The Maharashtra Preschool Centres (Regulation of Admission) Act. 1996 provides for compulsory registration of preschools.

Similarly, In Tamil Nadu the District Elementary Educational Officer is the Competent Authority for the approval as per Draft Code Regulations for Play schools 2015

It is proposed that The ‘Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Policy’ along with regularizing the curriculum and learning tools for children, shall also make registration and accreditation of playschools mandatory

Other Regulations

The Shops and Establishments Act, in general, is silent in case of a playschool, that is a play school need not be registered under the said act, however as the regulations are different for every state, the act of the state where the preschool is proposed to be set up needs to be carefully studied and verified in order to reach to any conclusion.

Similarly in the case of Labor Laws, the respective state act needs to be followed:

For instance, the minimum wages for primary schools is Rs. 80 per day but these tend to vary from state to state and are to be accordingly paid. Also In case of the number of employees being more than 20, Employees Provident Fund schemes and Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 are to be considered

Service Tax Applicability for Schools

As per clause (l) of Section 66D of the Finance Act, 1994 service tax is not applicable for a playschool as it is included in the negative list

Conclusion

In today’s era of increasing competition and demand for quality, starting a Playschool in India is not only a lucrative business opportunity but also a Social and ethical responsibility which along with economic gains provides a sense of moral satisfaction and fulfillment. Thus by carefully formulating a business plan; choosing the suitable form of entity and considering applicable legal requirements, A playschool can be successfully started in India.

[icepeak-blog]

That Was the Year That Was – 1948

Free healthcare, free schooling, free love – and now early retirement free from the financial woes that plague the rest of us. Could there be a luckier year to have been born than 1948?

As pensions fall off a cliff, the smug 61-year-old is planning the next safari or cruise. Nourished and nurtured by a "cradle-to-grave" welfare state and protected by final salary, the holy grail of pension schemes, the 1948ers would appear to have had it all.

Those of every generation are inclined to believe themselves more fortunate than the previous. But in Britain, 1948 keeps ticking the boxes. "We are, indeed, the blessed people," says the author and broadcaster Gyles Brandreth, who attributes their timely conception to the "bitterly cold and austere" nights during the 1947 fuel crisis.

"We missed out on national service. We had the golden age of the Eagle and the Beano together. No other generation had them combined."

Sharing his birth year with Prince Charles, Lord Sacks, the chief rabbi, and the singer Lulu, he detects another trait. "Everyone born in 1948 was a great achiever. You either become chief rabbi or king. It’s almost automatic."

BRITAIN 1948

Britain has changed greatly since 1948. Today people are much richer. They live in far more comfortable homes and ordinary people can afford things that were luxuries in 1948 (like foreign holidays). People are also healthier and they live longer. They also have things like the internet that were not even dreamed of in 1948.

British society has changed a great deal since 1948. In the 1950s large numbers of West Indians arrived in Britain. Also from the 1950s many Asians came. In the late 20th century Britain became a multi-cultural society. There was another changed in British society. In the late 20th century divorce and single parent families became much more common.

For a long time after 1948 unemployment remained very low and the late 1940s and the 1950s and 1960s were a long period of prosperity. However this ended in the mid-1970s. In 1973 there was still full employment in Britain (it stood at 3%). However shortly afterwards a period of high inflation and high unemployment began. In the late 1970s unemployment stood at around 5.5%.

In 1948:

A quarter of British homes had no electricity.

People often lived in the same town all their lives, near their families.

There were often more than three children in every family.

One third of the British population went to the cinema at least once a week.

There were only 14,500 television sets in the whole country and there was only one channel (BBC). Hardly any homes had a television.

Most families listened to the wireless (radio) for their entertainment.

Many homes did not have a telephone or an indoor toilet.

Cooking was done from scratch using produce grown locally. You could only buy items that were in season and most of what you bought was made or grown in the UK.

There were only just over a million cars on Britain’s roads.

Petrol rationing remained until 1954. For most people, this made the car an unaffordable luxury. Most people used public transport to get around.

Air travel was mainly for the rich. To go abroad, most people travelled by ship.

The average weekly wage was £3 18s (£3.90). Now it is about £400.

In 1948, most people in Britain worked in manufacturing industries, where they made things (in factories for example). Heavy industries like coal mining, iron and steel making, ship building and engineering employed millions of workers. Most of these workers were men. The majority of women stayed at home to look after their families and their homes.

Today, most people work in service industries such as education, health, shops, banks and insurance, where they provide services for other people. There is very little heavy industries left. People can buy of make the same things cheaper elsewhere. New technology means that factories use more machines to do the work and fewer people.

More women work today. It is normal for women to have jobs, even if they have young children.

SS Empire Windrush

The arrival of the SS Empire Windrush in June 1948 at Tilbury Dock, Essex, in England, marked the beginning of post-war mass migration. The ship had made an 8,000 mile journey from the Caribbean to London with 492 passengers on board from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and other islands.

Most of the passengers were ex-servicemen seeking work.

This marked the beginning of post-war mass migration.

When they walked down the gangplank onto British soil they could not have imagined that their journey would begin an important landmark in the history of London and the rest of country.

The passengers on board the Windrush were invited to come to Britain after World War Two, to assist with labour shortages.

Many of the passengers had fought for Britain during the war.

They later became known as the ‘Windrush Generation.’

Later, Enoch Powell, the Tory Health Minister from 1960-1963, was to invite women from the Caribbean to Britain to train as nurses.

It was he who several years caused an uproar with his anti-immigration ‘rivers of blood’ speech.

In reality the response to the call for labour was minimal and by 1958 only 125,000 workers had arrived in Britain from the Caribbean islands. However, there were also other factors at play.

National Health Service is established

The National Health Service, established by the post-war Labour government, represented a fundamental change in the provision of medical services. The General Practitioner (GP) service became organised on the basis of a ‘capitation fee’ paid by the government on every patient registered with a doctor. Voluntary and municipal hospitals were integrated under state control, exercised by the Ministry of Health.

Olympic Games open at Wembley Stadium in London

The so-called ‘Austerity Games’ were held in London while rationing was still in force in Britain. Fifty nine nations took part, but the defeated powers of Germany and Japan were excluded. London saw the first Olympic photo finish, in the 100 metres, and the introduction of starting blocks for sprinters. These were the first Games since Berlin in 1936. The 1940 Games went to Tokyo, then Stockholm, but were cancelled – as were the 1944 games – due to World War Two.

UK cost of living 1948

Price of an average house £1,651.

Average Salary £300 a year.

Average Family Car £590.

Litre of Fuel £0.02.

FLOUR 1.5KG £0.04.

BREAD 1 LOAF £0.02.

SUGAR 1KG £0.05.

MILK 1PT £0.08.

BUTTER 250G £0.04.

CHEESE 400G £0.04.

POTATOES 2.5KG £0.03.

BACON 400G £0.17.

1948 News & Events

1 January – British Railways created when the government nationalizes the railway industry.

4 January – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom.

5 January – the first episode of the radio serial drama Mrs Dale’s Diary is broadcast on the BBC Light Programme.

12 January – the London Co-operative Society opens Britain’s first supermarket, in Manor Park, London. In the same month, Marks & Spencer introduce self-service in the food department of their Wood Green store and also this year Portsea Island Mutual Co-operative Society opens a self-service supermarket in Portsmouth.

17 January – all-time highest attendance for an English Football League game as 83,260 people watch Manchester United draw with Arsenal in a match played at Maine Road.

30 January – 8 February: Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, and win 2 bronze medals.

4 February – Ceylon (later renamed Sri Lanka) becomes independent within the British Commonwealth. George VI becomes King of Ceylon.

March – Trades Union Congress and Government agree a formal policy of voluntary wage restraint.

The Administrative Staff College (established in 1945) runs its first courses at Greenlands, Henley-on-Thames, the UK’s first business school.

The "New Look" in women’s fashion becomes available in British stores.

17 March – Britain signs the Treaty of Brussels with Belgium, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

23 March – the radio comedy Take It From Here, written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden, is first broadcast by the BBC.

1 April – Nationalisation of the electricity supply industry under terms of the Electricity Act 1947 comes into effect.

Fire services in the United Kingdom return from the National Fire Service to control of local authorities (under terms of Fire Services Act 1947).

15 April – Rowntree’s introduce Polo mint sweets.

16 April – arrival of Australian cricket team in England for a tour in which it will not lose a match.

24 April – Manchester United F.C. defeat Blackpool 4–2 in the FA Cup final at Wembley Stadium to claim their first major trophy for 37 years.

30 April – the Land Rover is unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show.

4 May – release of Sir Laurence Olivier’s film of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, which will be the first British film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.

13 May – National Assistance Act supersedes the old Poor Law system.

14 May – the murder of June Anne Devaney, a three-year-old girl in Blackburn leads to the fingerprinting of more than 40,000 men in the city in an attempt to find the murderer.

14–15 May – at midnight, the British Mandate of Palestine is officially terminated as the state of Israel comes into being.

June – Professor Lillian Penson becomes the first woman elected to serve as Vice-Chancellor of a British university (London).

5–13 June – first Aldeburgh Festival.

21 June – the Manchester Baby, the world’s first electronic stored-program computer, runs its first program.

22 June – The ship HMT Empire Windrush arrives in Britain with 492 Jamaican immigrants

An Order in Council removes the title of Emperor of India from the Royal Style and Titles, recognising the independence of India in 1947.

1 July – The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 and its equivalent in Scotland come into effect as the foundation of modern town and country planning in the United Kingdom, requiring planning permission for land development and establishing the system of Listed buildings.

The National Museum of Wales opens the Welsh Folk Museum at St Fagans to the public, the first open-air museum in the UK (director: Iorwerth Peate).

4 July – 1948 Northwood mid-air collision: A Scandinavian Airlines Douglas DC-6 and an Avro York of No. 99 Squadron RAF collide over Northwood, London and crash killing all 39 people aboard both aircraft.

5 July – The National Health Service begins functioning, giving the right to universal healthcare, free at point of use.

Changes to the National Insurance social insurance scheme come into effect.

The Children Act 1948 comes into effect, transferring responsibility for child welfare from Poor Law Guardians, Approved schools and voluntary organisations to new local authority Children’s Departments with professional Children’s Officers.

15 July – first London chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous.

25 July – end of post-war bread rationing.

29 July – 14 August: Olympic Games held in London. Great Britain and Northern Ireland win 3 gold, 14 silver and 6 bronze medals at the event, which is televised by the BBC.

29 July – Stoke Mandeville Games are held for the first time, the predecessor of the Paralympic Games.

The highest ever daily Central England temperature value, 25.2 °C (77.4 °F) is reported for this day.

30 July – gas boards created as the government nationalises the gas industry.

18 August – jockey Lester Piggott, aged 12, wins his first race, at Haydock Park Racecourse.

September – The first new comprehensive schools open in Potters Bar and Hillingdon.

Judicial corporal punishment (birching and flogging) is abolished in the UK.

6 September – flying the de Havilland DH 108, John Derry becomes the first British pilot to break the sound barrier.

8 September – Terence Rattigan’s play The Browning Version premieres in London.

October – the Hoover Company open a new factory for the mass production of washing machines at Merthyr Tydfil.

12 October – topical debate programme Any Questions? first broadcast on the BBC Home Service. It will still be on the radio more than sixty years later.

20 October – 1948 KLM Constellation air disaster: a KLM Lockheed Constellation airliner crashes into power cables on approach to Prestwick Airport in Scotland, killing all 40 people on board.

27 October – 6 November: first postwar Motor Show held at Earls Court, London. A record 562,954 visitors witness a wide range of new products from British manufacturers. Most successful will be the Morris Minor and Land Rover; but there are also the Morris Six, new Morris Oxford and Wolseley 4/50; Jaguar XK120, the world’s fastest production car at this time, and Mark V; Hillman Minx Mark III; Austin A70 and Atlantic; Vauxhall Velox and Wyvern; Singer SM1500; Sunbeam-Talbot 90; and Bristol 401.

8 November – the King issues Letters Patent granting the title of Prince or Princess of the United Kingdom, with the style Royal Highness, to the children of The Duke of Edinburgh and Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh. Their first child is due later this month.

14 November – Princess Elizabeth gives birth to a son.

15 November – rising actor and comedian Ronnie Barker, aged 19 and from Bedford, makes his stage debut in the play Quality Street at the County Theatre in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.

19 November – Peter Griffiths is hanged at Liverpool’s Walton Gaol for the murder of June Anne Devaney.

December – Patrick Blackett wins the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation".

10 December – T. S. Eliot wins the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry".

15 December – the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh’s one-month-old son (later The Prince of Wales) is christened His Royal Highness Charles Philip Arthur George of Edinburgh.

26 December – the first series of Reith Lectures, Bertrand Russell on Authority and the Individual, begins broadcasting on the BBC Home Service.

Undated

Scottish advocate Margaret Kidd becomes the first British woman King’s Counsel in Britain.

Snettisham Hoard discovered near King’s Lynn.

National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain is founded.

From the end of the year, manufacturers are permitted to make Utility furniture to their own designs.

“Black widow” road safety poster (slogan: “Keep death off the road – Carelessness kills”) by William Little issued.

Posted by brizzle born and bred on 2019-01-13 16:19:55

Tagged: , That Was the Year That Was – 1948 , United-Kingdom , UK , 1948 , 1949 UK news and events , UK news headlines 1949 , Britain

The post That Was the Year That Was – 1948 appeared first on Good Info.

[neptunecreek]

Knowing the “Value” of Our Data Won’t Fix Our Privacy Problems

Some lawmakers, seeking to hold companies accountable for the way they collect and profit from our personal information, are pushing a new idea: requiring companies to report a dollar value for the data they collect from us.

Some frame this reporting as a first step towards requiring companies to share with consumers the wealth our personal information generates for these companies. Yet knowing how much your personal information is worth to a company doesn’t actually protect your privacy—and the “pay for privacy” schemes that would probably follow from valuation reporting would actually harm it. What we need instead are strong laws to safeguard our privacy and prevent the reckless collection, use, and disclosure of our information.

Proposals to place a concrete dollar value on data and, by extension, on our privacy, have popped up across the country this year. Sens. Mark Warner (D-Va.) and Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) last month introduced the “Designing Accounting Safeguards to Help Broaden Oversight and Regulations on Data,” or DASHBOARD Act. It would require larger companies to report the value of customer data. Rep. Doug Collins (R-Ga.) recently proposed a bill to recognize consumer data as property. Companies pushed a bill with a similar concept in Oregon, which the ACLU of Oregon and EFF opposed, to directly pay people for the “value” of their health data as calculated by companies.

Assigning a value to your personal information might appear attractive, at first blush. Companies have grown rich off the insatiable collection of our personal information. It is tempting to demand a cut of the money they make from our clicks, our likes, and our networks of contacts.

But this is a mistake. If anything, assigning a dollar value may give the false impression that, at a value of $5, $30, or $200 for your personal information, the data collection companies’ conduct is no big deal. But a specific piece of information can be priceless in a particular context. Your location data may cost a company less than a penny to buy, yet cost you your physical safety if it falls into the wrong hands. Companies advertised lists of 1,000 people with different conditions such as anorexia, depression and erectile dysfunction for $79 per list. Such embarrassing information in the wrong hands could cost someone their job or their reputation.

Our information should not be thought of as our property this way, to be bought and sold like a widget. Privacy is a fundamental human right. It has no price tag. No person should be coerced or encouraged to barter it away. And it is definitely not a good deal for people to receive a handful of dollars in exchange for allowing companies’ invasive data collection to remain unchecked.

Privacy is a fundamental human right. It has no price tag.

No doubt companies that collect data should be more forthcoming about how they collect, share, sell, and use personal information. That’s why EFF supports laws requiring transparency about data collection, including the right to know the specific items of personal information companies have collected on you, and the specific third parties who received it—not just categorical descriptions of the general kinds of data and recipients. Users should have a legal right to obtain a copy of the data they have provided to an online service provider.

But while knowing the supposed value of your data itself is not harmful to consumers, it is difficult—if not completely impossible—to assess the true individual cost of losing control of that information.

Individuals are also poorly situated to understand the impact their single sale could have as part of a large-scale business practice—for themselves and our broader society. You may think nothing of sharing where you went to high school with a company. But the University of California-Berkeley has found that mortgage lenders, using proxy variables such as their high school, charge African American and Latinx homebuyers higher interest rates as compared with whites in similar financial situations. This research suggests the way companies use this information overcharges minority homeowners up to $500 million per year—and comes with the further social cost of dashing the dreams of between 74,000 and 1.3 million creditworthy minority applicants to own a home at all.

Associating the sale of personal information with income is also particularly dangerous for low-income families. Proponents of the Oregon pay-for-privacy bill suggested that that this would provide a new income stream for lower-income people. The truth is that pay-for-privacy creates a world where privacy is a luxury afforded only to those who can afford to protect their fundamental rights. EFF strongly opposes “pay-for-privacy” schemes, which discourage all people from exercising their right to privacy and creates classes of privacy “haves” and “have-nots.” Corporations should not be allowed to require a consumer to pay a premium, or waive a discount, in order to stop the corporation from vacuuming up and profiting from, the consumer’s personal information.

Some advocates of assigning data a monetary value also push the idea that privacy is dead—and that a “dividend” is the only way for consumers to claw back any benefit from a system designed to exploit them. In truth, we are seeing more momentum behind strong privacy legislation nationally and internationally than we have in years. We at EFF are nowhere near ready to give up on stronger privacy legislation. Nor should our country’s lawmakers.

Simply knowing the arbitrary “value” of our personal information to companies won’t fix our privacy problems. Requiring companies to respect everyone’s privacy rights—and giving individuals the power to hold those companies accountable when they don’t—will do much more. If lawmakers are serious about confronting the erosion of our privacy rights, they should set the idea of valuing data aside and instead pass strong privacy legislation.

from Deeplinks https://ift.tt/2lo7VeP

[maxwellyjordan]

Thursday round-up

Amy Howe analyzes yesterday’s oral argument in Kisor v. Wilkie, in which the justices considered whether to overrule precedents that require courts to defer to a federal agency’s reasonable interpretation of its own regulations, for this blog, in a post that first appeared at Howe on the Court; she reports that the justices were “deeply divided in a case in which their ruling could have implications not only for veterans but also for other areas of the law ranging from the environment to immigration.” For The New York Times, Adam Liptak reports that the argument centered on “whether to cut back the power of administrative agencies, a central goal of the conservative legal movement,” and that “[t]he issue may seem technical, but there was little question that the justices viewed it as momentous.” Greg Stohr and Jennifer Dlouhy report at Bloomberg that “[t]he high court debate was an unusually lopsided one in which neither lawyer gave a full-throated defense of the 1997 ruling.” At The National Law Journal (subscription or registration required), Tony Mauro offers four takeaways from the argument. Additional coverage comes from Mark Walsh at Education Week’s School Law Blog and Ellen Gilmer at E&E News.

The court issued one opinion yesterday, ruling 6-2 in Lorenzo v. Securities and Exchange Commission that a defendant can be charged with violating federal law barring fraudulent securities schemes if he distributed, but did not make, false statements. Ronald Mann analyzes the opinion for this blog. For The Wall Street Journal, Brent Kendall reports that the “ruling provided a boost for the SEC after it had lost a string of high court cases in recent years that crimped how the agency brought cases.” Additional coverage comes from Andrew Chung at Reuters.

At The Daily Signal, Hans von Spakovsky and Elizabeth Slattery weigh in on the two partisan-gerrymandering cases that were argued this week, Rucho v. Common Cause and Lamone v. Benisek, urging the court to “hold that political gerrymandering, while perhaps unwise and in some instances unfair, is not a constitutional concern and instead is a political thicket the federal courts should not enter.” At the Election Law Blog, Nicholas Stephanopolous questions some justices’ emphasis during the arguments on the idea of proportional representation, explaining that “[f]irst, proportional representation is an entirely inappropriate benchmark for an electoral system like ours[, a]nd second, none of the Rucho or Lamone plaintiffs’ proposals would actually require proportionality” – instead, they are “rooted in the quite different concept of partisan symmetry.”

Briefly:

Sandi Zellmer has this blog’s analysis of Tuesday’s opinion in Sturgeon v. Frost, in which the court held that a federal law bars the National Park Service from exercising regulatory control over the Nation River in Alaska because the river is not “public land” under the statute.

At The World and Everything in It (podcast), Mary Reichard discusses the oral arguments in Virginia House of Delegates v. Bethune-Hill, an appeal by Republican legislators of a lower-court ruling that requires 11 state legislative districts to be redrawn to correct racial gerrymandering, and Smith v. Berryhill, which asks whether dismissal as untimely of a Supplemental Security Income claimant’s request for review is a final decision subject to judicial review.

In an op-ed for The New York Times, Linda Greenhouse surveys the array of abortion-related cert petitions seeking Supreme Court review, observing that “[r]ed states are competing with one another to enact abortion restrictions that, while flagrantly unconstitutional under current law, could provide opportunities for the newly composed Supreme Court to reopen the issue.”

At CNN, Joan Biskupic provides adapted excerpts from her new book about Chief Justice John Roberts; one excerpt focuses on a career marked by “perfect timing,” here, and one charts the chief justice’s views on race, “one area of the law where he is likely to remain uncompromising,” here.

At Justia’s Verdict blog, Sherry Colb writes that Ramos v. Louisiana, in which the court will decide whether the Sixth Amendment guarantee of a unanimous jury in a criminal case applies to the states, will turn in part on “the role that unanimity plays in a criminal trial.”

We rely on our readers to send us links for our round-up. If you have or know of a recent (published in the last two or three days) article, post, podcast, or op-ed relating to the Supreme Court that you’d like us to consider for inclusion in the round-up, please send it to roundup [at] scotusblog.com. Thank you!

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How to pay back school debt as soon as possible?

2018 marks the year in which American citizens have more student loan debt than ever before. In average, we are talking about $39,400 owed by each graduate of 2017, which represents an increase of 6% compared to previous year. In total, in 2018, about 44 million borrowers owed a total of $1.48 trillion. That sounds pretty scary, right? Especially when you think that an important amount of your paycheck will be swept away to pay back your student loan debt. But paying back your debt doesn’t have to take forever. With the right strategy, you can make the student loan debt go away faster and in this article we’ll provide some insights on how to achieve this goal.

First things first: if you don’t know the exact amount that you owe as student loan, you can find this out by consulting the “National Student Loan Data System” – for your federal loans and “AnnualCreditReport.com” for your private loans.

Once you know how much you owe and to whom, it’s time to define a system that will help you get rid of your debt fast, that will enable you to stay focused in getting this done and, of course, that will allow you to live a decent  living. You will need to create a payoff dates plan, that you will confirm with the loan providers and then you will have to stick to it. So, here are the methods you can use to pay back your student debt as soon as possible:

        1. Curb down your expenses

This might sound drastic and guess what? It is

But it’s only for a limited period of time. You can save money that will go to your student debt payback by one or more of the following ways:

Cook and eat at home, instead of going out to restaurants;

Take home-cooked lunch at the office, instead of spending money on the expensive food at the cafeteria nearby;

Preserve your gadgets and electronics to last longer rather than investing money in new ones;

Move to a cheaper rent apartment, move in with your parents or split your expenses with a roommate;

Buy medium price clothes from the consignment shops and thrift stores, instead of purchasing expensive clothes that will go out of fashion pretty fast anyway;

Use public transportation or ride a bike instead of buying a car – this will not only save money for your budget, but will also have benefits on your health and on the environment;

Define a “no spend month” in which you will not buy anything new and instead put the money in the student loan refund.

These are only few of the methods you can use in order to curb down your expenses, but the options are unlimited. By using your creativity and determination, you can save money through any means and thus allocate higher amounts to your student loan debt payback. 

        2. Use the strategy that fits you

The financial expert Dave Ramsey has promoted the “debt snowball” method for payment of debts. You can apply this strategy also to your student loan payback, especially if you have several loans of different amounts.

“List all your debts, smallest to largest, regardless of interest rates. Make minimum payments on everything to keep them current, and attack the smallest debt with a vengeance.”

Why should you use the strategy recommended by Ramsey? Because its efficiency consists in the motivational boost you gain in order to continue to work until full payment of loans.

Another strategy that might fit you is the so called “debt avalanche”, promoted by Harlan Landes, one of the first names in the personal finance domain.    

Simply put, you list your student loan debts by their interest rates and make payments towards the highest-rates loan first. This will enable you to pay faster the interests, which can vary on longer periods of time and then remain with just the fixed-amounts rates of your loans.

You can use any of these strategies or even a mix of the two, because the final goal is to pay back school debt as soon as possible.

          3. Get a job that offers forgiveness

Another method you can use to refund your student loan debt faster is to get a job that offers partial or full forgiveness of these loans. You can find such a job in the public service area, in teaching or healthcare domains or even join state-based programs that provide such an option.

There are two main requirements in order to benefit from this type of job: meet all the criteria imposed by the job to get accepted and complete the term required in order to obtain the forgiveness. The payments made as a result of holding such a job will decrease your debt, but its correspondent interest rates remain unaffected by these payments, which means you will have to continue to pay the interest.

Also, there are also loan repayment assistance programs (LRAPs) that you can join and if you qualify, you can obtain payments of your federal or private loans in exchange of the work type requested by the programs’ issuers.

The only thing you need to pay attention to, in the two cases stated above, is to what happens to your debt payment in case you decide, after a period of time, to switch to a job that doesn’t provide the forgiveness of the loans, so you don’t find yourself in a worse position than before.

         4. Refinance your student loan debt

The objective of loan’s refinancing is to decrease the interest rates of your student debt. With lower interest rates, more of the money paid will go directly to the debt’s decrease, which means you will be able to pay back your school debt faster. The refinancing rates can be below 3% and if you have more student loans, you can consolidate all of them into one refinanced loan, which will have lower interest rates than one or more of the loans taken separately.

One thing to check before proceeding with refinancing your student loan is if by doing so you risk to lose some of the protection provided by federal loans.

         5. Make the payments of debt automatic

One of the most efficient methods to pay back school debt as soon as possible is to set up an automatic payments scheme. This means that everytime you get money into our account, a percentage of that money will go directly towards your debt loan decrease. This method is efficient due to several reasons:

you avoid spending on something else money that you actually need to use for student loan payment;

you pay more from that debt each time you make more money – if, for example, you work on a side gig or you obtain a salary increase or a bonus, more of that extra amount will automatically go towards the decrease of your student debt;

you can benefit from a slight reduction of interest if you set up automatic payment (the reduction can be around 0.25%)

The percentage you define as being allocated to the payment of your student loan is entirely up to you. Once you analyze all of your fixed expenses and make a plan for what you want to accomplish with the money earn, you are ready to indicate that percentage – either 20, 30 or 50% and ask for automatic payments from your account issuer.

          6. Motivate yourself

This method is linked to … imagination. Yes, apart from all the concrete tools described above, you need to work also with an imagination tool when it comes to paying back your student loan debt as soon as possible. This imagination exercise consists in envisioning what your life will look like after you finish refunding your student loan debt. What new experiences will you be able to try? Maybe travelling? What new things will you be able to learn? Maybe join a workshop of Japanese writing? What things will you be able to buy? Maybe a new car instead of the one that is currently breaking down every 10 miles. Will paying back your school debt have any impact on your state of happiness? If the answer to this question is “yes” and if you really want to do, to learn, to have some of the things described above or any others, then you can surely make it! You can choose any of the methods listed above or combined techniques. As long as you are willing to make a sustained effort (or “a conscious deliberate determined effort” as motivational speaker Les Brown would put it

) for a limited period of time of your life, you will surely manage to pay back your school debt a lot faster and live a happier life!

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