#myeloencephalitis

[drafthorsemath]

Took some of the boys to the barn. Tech went for a ride and researched Hudson's current ailment: Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (hoping the medication arrives soon).

We later found Echo and Crosshair had fallen asleep in a hay wagon. Oh well. It's a nice day for a nap.

[toltrazurilshopcoccidia-epm]

Toltrazuril Shop

When it comes to safeguarding the health of animals, particularly in the fight against protozoal infections, toltrazuril has established itself as a pivotal medication. This antiprotozoal agent is revered for its ability to effectively treat diseases such as coccidiosis in a variety of animals, including horses, and is even utilized in the management of the challenging condition of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM).

The mechanism by which toltrazuril 5% operates is quite fascinating. It targets the intracellular stages of the protozoan's lifecycle. More specifically, toltrazuril is known to interfere with the metabolic pathways of these parasites. By disrupting the division of the protozoal cells, it prevents them from proliferating within the host animal. This mode of action is crucial because it strikes at the root of the infection, thereby reducing both the immediate and lingering effects of the disease.

For those in the equine industry, the term toltrazuril EPM has become a beacon of hope. EPM, caused by protozoa like Sarcocystis neurona, can lead to severe neurological symptoms in horses. Toltrazuril, available from specialized suppliers like toltrazurilshop.com, has become a part of the strategic arsenal used by veterinarians to combat this condition. The shop's commitment to providing high-quality toltrazuril formulations underscores its role as a vital resource for effective animal health care solutions.

The application of toltrazuril extends beyond EPM. toltrazuril for dogs is a phrase often encountered by those treating farm animals and pets for coccidiosis, a disease marked by intestinal distress caused by coccidian parasites. Toltrazuril's ability to impede the damaging lifecycle of coccidia makes it a highly sought-after treatment.

In the realm of equine health, toltrazuril is also marketed under the brand name Baycox. Baycox for horses is synonymous with coccidia treatment and is also being explored for its potential in managing EPM. The versatility of toltrazuril, whether it's branded as Baycox or not, highlights its importance for veterinarians and animal caretakers alike.

To sum up, toltrazuril's role in animal health is multifaceted and indispensable. Whether it's tackling coccidia or addressing the more complex EPM in horses, toltrazuril provides a strong line of defense against these debilitating infections. For those looking to acquire this vital medication, toltrazurilshop.com remains a leading supplier, ensuring that animals get the care they need with quality-assured toltrazuril products. As with all animal treatments, it's imperative that a licensed veterinarian is involved in the diagnosis and treatment plan to ensure the safety and well-being of the animals in question.

[besthorsemeds]

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)

This article will help you to understand about Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM). Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis is a disease that can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected horse. There are various types of Protozoa that are involved in the transmission of this disease. The most common form of the disease is Equine Piroplasmosis. This article will be useful for equestrians, veterinarians, farmers, owners and anyone who is concerned about EPM.

What is Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis?

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis is a rare neurological disease that is caused by the parasite of the same name. This disease can also be called as a form of equine encephalitis. It is a type of a protozoan that causes inflammation of the brain tissue.

Buy Marquis Paste

Causes

There are various types of parasites that can cause this disease. The most common types are Equine Piroplasmosis, Sporocystis Neera, and Babesia Equi. These parasites are usually found in horses. The Equine Piroplasmosis is the most common type of the disease. The disease is spread through tick bites and contaminated water. It is also possible that the disease can be transmitted via blood transfusion.

Symptoms

The symptoms of this disease vary from one person to another. It can also occur as a result of vaccination. It can affect any part of the body and is characterized by symptoms like fever, head tilt, lethargy, muscle ache, back pain and difficulty breathing. Sometimes it can also lead to death. The symptoms usually last for a few days.

Prevention

It is very important to prevent this disease. You should ensure that your horse does not have ticks. It is also advisable to avoid consuming the blood of infected horses and also to avoid drinking water that has been used by infected horses.

Treatment

It is important to treat this disease with marquis paste for horses. It is also advisable to treat it as soon as you notice the symptoms. It is also necessary to provide the proper treatment to the affected horse.

Conclusion

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis can affect the nervous system of the horse. It is a serious disease that can affect the life of the horse.

[bunjywunjy]

Hey, so you've reblogged a post today about possums that state they are harmless and shouldn't be removed or exterminated. This, however, is untrue and can cause serious harm to people, specifically rural people with chickens or horses. Possums might not carry rabies, but they do carry a number of other diseases such as leptospirosis, tuberculosis, relapsing fever, tularemia, spotted fever, toxoplasmosis, coccidiosis, trichomoniasis, and Chagas disease. They also carry something called Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). This is a disease that will paralyze a horse and frequently requires euthanasia. It's great and all that you like possums, but please stop spreading around harmful misinformation about them. People deserve to be informed, not guilt-tripped.

I'm going to level with you here, every wild mammal out there is capable of carrying terrible zoonotic diseases that are transmittable to humans and other animals, and you should not interact with them at all as a rule of thumb! DO NOT PET THAT RACCOON.

the point of that post was that possums are not pest animals as a lot of people believe they are, and you shouldn't go out of your way to harass or destroy them if you happen to see one nearby. but yeah definitely don't let them live in your attic or anything, either.

[shadyufo]

Bo did test positive for EPM ( equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; horses get it from ingesting food or water that has been contaminated with opossum feces ) but it was so low on the scale ( range is 250 to 4000 and he was just at 450 ) that the vet wants to wait and see if the current treatment helps him first. So we’ll stick with that for a few weeks first and then revisit possible EPM treatment if he doesn’t improve.

It’s so strange to watch him move. He’ll be walking along fine but then his back legs will wobble or even buckle a bit. Or his hips will go all wonky. But then he’ll take off at a breakneck gallop without issue. Really odd. He’s been settling in well with Sandy though and keeps instigating play time with her which is super sweet. She’s still very defensive of her dinner though.

Hoping and praying we can get this sweet little guy on the mend <3

[mandsleanan]

Tagged by @ladynox

name/nickname : Mands. Nickname from my favorite teacher in high school. My favorite camp counselor called me Philly, but no one else has ever used that one. And it took me years to realize it was a pun.

gender: Business casual

star sign: Aquarius

height: 5′4″

time:  Eastern

birthday: January

fav band: Don’t have a favorite band, though anything Rock or Heavy Metal-adjacent is good.

fav solo artist : Bach is nice.

song stuck in my head: Mambo #5 for the dumbest reason.

last movie: Rurouni Kenshin: The Final

last show: The Owl House.

when i created this blog: Early 2013. For Bagginshield reasons.

what i post: Okay, in case you didn’t scroll down, it’s like 90% shitposts about my pets, my garden, our stable, and whatever fandom I’m submerged in.

last thing i googled: I forgot how to spell, ‘myeloencephalitis.’

other blogs: I’m barely on this one.

do i get asks: Rarely. My standoffish personality works as well online as off.

following: Over fifty people I followed for one really good post the likes of which probably hasn’t been repeated.

why i chose my URL: It’s my pseudonym. 

lucky number: 8

followers: Over eighty people have followed me for one post the likes of which probably has not been repeated.

average hours of sleep: I aim for seven, but I usually manage six. On weekends I get 10+ if I can.

instruments: I have completely forgotten how to play the cello.

what am i wearing: It’s summer, so novelty t-shirts and jeans, usually.

dream job: I don’t have a, ‘dream job,’ because I don’t fantasize about employment, but working in conservation, working with horses, makes earning a living at least tolerable.

fav food: Mac n’ cheese, ramen, scones with cream and jam, French fries, sushi, cinnamon rolls, tea in any form, cheese.... this could be a separate post.

nationality: Went native in New York pretty fast, if my excessive profanity is any indication.

fav song: I have multiples depending on mood or activity, but my favorite galloping song is Everlong.

last book i read: Bluebeard. Everyone needs a little Vonnegut in their life.

top 3 fictional universes id like to live in: Star Trek; Kiki’s Delivery Service; and Kingdom Hearts.  

No pressure tags: @cryoverkiltmilk @sparklemagpie @msalliepants @comicgeekscomicgeek @terribleeggtrauma @crotiasunlawlol and anyone else who wants to

[cactusprisms]

Fun Fact! Possums are distinctly Not Allowed in or near horse barns because they are carriers of Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis, or EPM. This affliction has a tendency of being fatal and otherwise Extremely Dangerous. 

[your-dietician]

PETVIVO : MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (form 10-Q/A)

New Post has been published on https://depression-md.com/petvivo-managements-discussion-and-analysis-of-financial-condition-and-results-of-operations-form-10-q-a/

PETVIVO : MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (form 10-Q/A)

OVERVIEW

PetVivo Holdings, Inc.(the “Company, “we” or “us”) is an emerging biomedical device company currently focused on the manufacturing, commercialization and licensing of innovative medical devices and therapeutics for companion animals.. The Company’s lead product Kush® is scheduled for a focused commercial launch later this year. We have never been profitable.

We were incorporated in Nevada in 2009 under a former name. In 2014, we entered our current business through a reverse merger with PetVivo Inc., a Minnesota corporation founded in 2013. From this merger, PetVivo Inc. became our wholly-owned subsidiary, and concurrently we changed our Nevada corporate name to PetVivo Holdings, Inc.

Until August 10, 2021, our common stock was publicly traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market and under the symbol “PETV”.

On August 13, 2021, the Company closed a firm commitment underwritten public offering in which it sold an aggregate of 2,500,000 units, to the public at a price of $4.50 per unit, for total net proceeds of approximately $9,800,000, net of commissions and estimated offering costs. Each unit consists of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $6.25 per share. The Company’s common stock and warrants are trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “PETV” and “PETVW,” respectively.

CURRENT BUSINESS OPERATIONS

We are an emerging biomedical device company focused on the licensing and commercialization of innovative medical devices and therapeutics for pets, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. We operate in the $31 billion US veterinary care and products market (market size according to the American Pet Products Association). Despite the market size, veterinary clinics and hospitals have very few treatments and/or drugs for use in treating osteoarthritis in pets and other animals. In addition, the role of pets in the family has greatly evolved in recent years as many pet owners consider their pets an important member of the family and are now willing to spend greater amounts of money on their pets to maintain their health and quality of life.

We intend to leverage our investments in the development of human therapeutics to commercialize treatments for pets in a capital and time-efficient way. A key component of this strategy is the accelerated timeline to revenues for veterinary medical devices, which enter the market earlier than the more-stringently regulated veterinary pharmaceuticals or human therapeutics.

Our lead product, Kush®, is scheduled for focused commercial launch later this year. Kush® is a veterinarian-administered joint injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis and lameness in dogs and horses. The Kush® device is made from natural components that are lubricious and cushioning to perform like cartilage for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis.

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We believe that Kush® is an optimal treatment that safely improves joint function. The Kush® particles are lubricious, cushioning and long-lasting. The spongy, protein-based particles mimic the composition and protective function of cartilage (i.e., providing both a slippery cushion and healing scaffolding) and protect the joint as an artificial cartilage.

Using industry sources, we estimate osteoarthritis afflicts approximately 20 million owned dogs in the United States and the European Union, making canine osteoarthritis an estimated potential $4 billion market opportunity, this does not factor in any contra-lateral usage of the product by veterinarians. See Johnston, Spencer A. “Osteoarthritis. Joint anatomy, physiology, and pathobiology.” The Veterinary clinics of North America (1997):699-723; and http://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp.

In addition to being a treatment for osteoarthritis, the joint-cushioning and lubricity effects of Kush® have shown an ability to treat equine lameness that is due to navicular disease (a problem associated with misalignment of joints and bones in the hoof and digits).

Based on a variety of industry sources we estimate that 1 million owned horses in the United Stated and European Union suffer from lameness and/or navicular disease each year, making the equine lameness and navicular disease market an annual opportunity worth $550 million; this does not factor in any contra-lateral usage of the product by veterinarians. See Kane, Albert J., Josie Traub-Dargatz, Willard C. Losinger, and Lindsey P. Garber; “The occurrence and causes of lameness and laminitis in the US horse population” Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. San Antonio (2000): 277-80; Seitzinger, Ann Hillberg, J. L. Traub-Dargatz, A. J. Kane, C. A. Kopral, P. S. Morley, L. P. Garber, W. C. Losinger, and G. W. Hill. “A comparison of the economic costs of equine lameness, colic, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM).” In Proceedings, pp. 1048-1050. 2000; and Kilby, E. R. 10 CHAPTER, The Demographics of the U.S. Equine Population, The State of the Animals IV: 2007.

Osteoarthritis is a condition with degenerating cartilage, creating joint stiffness from mechanical stress resulting in inflammation and pain. The lameness caused by osteoarthritis worsens with time from the ongoing loss of protective cushion and lubricity. There are currently very few treatments for osteoarthritis; some of which are palliative pain therapy and joint replacement. Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to alleviate the pain and inflammation, but long-term use has been shown to cause gastric problems. NSAIDs do not treat the cartilage degeneration issue to halt or slow the progression of the osteoarthritis condition.

We believe that our treatment of osteoarthritis in canines using Kush® is far superior to the current methodology of using NSAIDs. NSAIDs have many side effects, especially in canines, whereas the company’s treatment using Kush®, to our knowledge, has not elicited any adverse side effects in dogs. Remarkably, Kush®-treated dogs have shown an increase in activity even after they no longer are receiving pain medication.

No special training is required for the administration of the Kush device. The treatment is injected into synovial joint space using standard intra-articular injection technique and multiple joints can be treated simultaneously. Kush® immediately treats effects of osteoarthritis with no special post-treatment requirements.

Historically, drug sales represent up to 30% of revenues at a typical veterinary practice (Veterinary Practice News). Revenues and margins at veterinary practices are being eroded because online, big-box and traditional pharmacies recently started filling veterinary prescriptions. Veterinary practices are looking for ways to replace the lost prescription revenues. The Kush® device is veterinarian-administered and should expand practice revenues and margins. We believe that the increased revenues and margins provided by Kush® will accelerate its adoption rate and propel it forward as the standard of care for canine and equine lameness related to or due to synovial joint issues. If we are capitalized in a way the Company feels acceptable to move forward with commercial manufacturing of Kush®, our challenge will be whether we can consistently operate effectively to manufacture our products and to market and sell them in quantities and prices sufficient to obtain a satisfactory and sustaining profit. We have not done this to date and our challenge is to do so going forward.

We anticipate growing our product pipeline through the acquisition or in-licensing of additional proprietary products from human medical device companies specifically for use in pets. In addition to commercializing our own products in strategic market sectors and in view of the company’s vast proprietary product pipeline, the Company is seeking to continue to develop strategic out-licensing partnerships to provide secondary revenues.

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We plan to commercialize our products in the United States through distribution relationships supported by regional and national distributors and complemented by the use of digital marketing to educate and inform pet owners; and in Europe and the rest of the world through commercial partners. In September 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with a service provider to film a 12-part, monthly series of interviews with our CEO, John Lai, Company key opinion leaders, and other media content to be aired on Bloomberg Television Network alongside 96 commercials; we anticipate this program to begin in the second half of 2021.

Most veterinarians in the United States buy a majority of their equipment and supplies from one of four veterinary-product distributors. Combined, these four distributors deliver more than 85%, by revenue, of the products sold to companion animal veterinarians in the U.S. We plan to have our product distribution leverage the existing supply chain and veterinary clinic and clinician relationships already established by these large distributors. We plan to support this distribution channel with regional sales representatives. Our representatives will support our distributors alongside the veterinary clinics and hospitals. We will also target pet owners with product education and treatment awareness campaigns utilizing a variety of digital marketing tools. The unique nature and the anticipated benefits provided by our products are expected to generate significant consumer response.

Our biomaterials have been through a human clinical trial and have been classified as a medical device for use as a dermal filler. The FDA does not require submission of a 510(k) or formal pre-market approval for medical devices used in veterinary medicine.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes that appear elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in “RISK FACTORS.” We caution the reader not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date of this prospectus.

We are a smaller reporting company and have not generated any material revenues to date and have incurred substantial losses in connection with our limited operations. We need substantial capital to pursue our current plans to bring our first products to market. The first of such products is a proprietary gel-like protein-based biomedical material for injection into the afflicted body parts of animals suffering from osteoarthritis or other impairments to be marketed under the trade name Kush®. It will provide to veterinarians an innovative treatment for dogs and horses suffering from osteoarthritis.

RESULTS OF OPERATION For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 June 30, 2020 Revenues $ 4,145 $ 2,006 Total Cost of Sales 5,051 - Total Operating Expenses 517,613 444,074 Total Other Income (Expense) 27,890 (371,940 ) Net Loss $ (490,629 )$ (814,008 )

Net loss per share – basic and diluted $ (0.07 ) $ (0.16 )

* In October 2020, the Company approved a 1-for-4 reverse split of our outstanding shares of common stock that was made effective December 29, 2020. All share and per share data has been retroactively adjusted for this reverse split for all period presented.

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For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to The Three Months Ended June 30, 2020

Total Revenues. Revenue was $4,145 and $2,016 for three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and consisted of Kush® sales to veterinary clinics.

Total Cost of Sales. Cost of sales was $5,051 and $-0– for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Operating Expenses. Operating expenses were $517,613 and $444,074 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Operating expenses consisted of general and administrative, sales and marketing, and research and development expenses.

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses were $397,392 and $330,945 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. General and administrative expenses include corporate overhead, financial and administrative contracted services, consulting fees and stock compensation costs.

Sales and marketing expenses were $46,682 and $49,731 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses were $136,97 and $ -0– for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase was related to efforts to support the launch of Kush®.

Operating Loss. As a result of the foregoing, our operating loss was $518,519 and $442,068 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

Other Income (Expense). Other income was $27,890 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as compared to other expense of $371,940 for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Other income in 2021 consisted of the foregiveness of PPP Loan and accrued interest of $31,680 partially offset by interest expense of $3,790. Other expense in 2020 consisted primarily of derivative expense related to debt financing of $342,200 and interest expense of $30,222.

Net Loss. Our net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2021 as 490,629 or ($0.07) as compared to a net loss of $814,008 or ($0.16) per share for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Net loss decreased primarily due to the derivative expense recognized on the debt financing in 2020. The weighted average number of shares outstanding was 6,946,353 compared to 5,161,101 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our financial position and future prospects depend significantly on our access to financing to fund our operations during our development stage. Much of our current cost structure is based on costs related to personnel and facilities, and not subject to material variability. In order to fund our operations and working capital needs, we historically have utilized loans from accredited investors and others, equity sales of common stock to accredited investors and others having pre-existing relationships with us, and substantial issuances of stock-based compensation to satisfy outstanding debt and pay for development, management, financial, professional and other services.

As of June 30, 2021, our current assets were $245,634 including $143,084 in cash and $102,550 in prepaid expenses. In comparison, our current liabilities as of that date were $1,340,555 consisting of $1,149,040 of accounts payable and accrued expenses, $50,898 of accrued expenses – related party, $7,436 in PPP loan, $20,300 in notes payable and accrued interest – directors, $48,267 in notes payable and accrued interest – related party, $37,860 in a note payable and $26,754 in operating lease liability – short term. Our working capital deficiency as of June 30, 2021 was $1,094,921.

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We will need to raise substantial additional capital through private or public offerings of our equity or debt securities, or a combination thereof, and we may have to use a material portion of any capital raised to repay past due debt obligations. To the extent any capital raised is insufficient to both satisfy operational working capital needs and meet any required debt payments, we will most likely need to either extend, refinance or convert to equity our outstanding indebtedness.

We currently have little cash to support our operations and projected commercial growth. Accordingly, we will require substantial additional financing to fund our operational working capital for at least the next 12 months. Financing may be sought by us from several sources such as private or public sales of our equity or convertible debt securities, and/or loans from affiliates, banks or other financial institutions. We have filed Forms S-1 and S-1/A with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 13, 2020, December 31, 2020, March 29, 2021 and July 13, 2021, respectively, to raise capital through a public offering of our common stock. In the event we cannot obtain any such financing when needed on terms acceptable to us, if at all, our business would suffer substantially.

Liquidity represents the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash to provide for its immediate cash needs, which our continued losses have made it difficult for us to accomplish. Over the past several years we have continued to incur substantial losses without any source of material revenues or liquid assets, which has caused a serious and harmful effect to our liquidity and a substantial strain on our ongoing business operations.

We have not generated any operating cash flows since we are a development stage company which has not yet realized any significant commercial revenues.

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities – We used $255,861 of net cash in operating activities for the three months ended June 30, 2021. This cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to our net loss of $490,629, forgiveness of PPP loan and accrued interest of $31,680 and an increase in deferred issue costs of $25,190 partially offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $182,949 and stock compensation expense of $55,674.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities – We used $6,063 of net cash in investing activities for the three months ended June 30, 2021, consisting of costs capitalized to patents and trademarks.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities – During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we were provided with net cash of $381,430 from financing activities consisting of $383,098 in stock and warrants sale proceeds, which were partially offset by $1,668 in repayments of note payable.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at cost, subject to the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price less estimated costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand through an inventory count.

At June 30, 2021, the Company’s inventory has a carrying value of $0 and is broken down into $324,123 of finished goods inventory, $6,273 in raw material inventory, and $1,072 in packaging inventory offset by a reserve of $41,468.

At March 31, 2021, the Company’s inventory has a carrying value of $0 and is broken down into $36,973 of finished goods inventory, $8,773 in raw material inventory, and $1,322 in packaging inventory offset by a reserve of $47,068.

28 MATERIAL COMMITMENTS Accrued Salary

We are indebted to certain related parties with respect to unreimbursed expenses and accrued salaries of $50,898 at June 30, 2021. This amount is included in accrued expenses – related party.

Notes Payable

As of June 30, 2021, we are obligated on notes and accrued interest of $113,863 consisting of notes to third parties of $45,296 and to related parties of $68,567.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of June 30, 2021, and as of the date of this Annual Report, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

GOING CONCERN

The independent auditors’ report accompanying our March 31, 2021 Form 10-K and financial statements contains an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates that we will realize our assets and satisfy our liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. We have suffered recurring losses from operations and have a working capital deficit. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We are presently seeking to address these going concern doubts through a number of actions including efforts to (a) raise additional capital and (ii) commencing a focused commercial launch of Kush® later this year. On August 13, 2021, we completed a firm commitment underwritten public offering in which we sold 2.5 million units at a purchase price of $4.50 per share and raised net proceeds of $9.8 million, after deducting underwriter’s commissions and expenses. We can provide no assurance that any of these efforts will be successful or, that even if successful, that they will alleviate doubts about our ability to continue as a going concern for more than the next twelve months.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards in the United States of America. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements attached hereto. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The following describes the recently issued accounting standards used in reporting our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, accounting standards allow more than one alternative accounting method for reporting. In those cases, our reported results of operations would be different should we employ an alternative accounting method.

The FASB issued ASC 606 as guidance on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers in May 2014 with amendments in 2015 and 2016. Revenue recognition will depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented, or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the cumulative catch-up transition method). The company adopted the guidance on April 1, 2018 and applied the cumulative catch-up transition method. There was no transition adjustment upon adoption of the new standard.

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In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 affects any entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exemptions. The guidance in this ASU supersedes Topic 840, Leases. The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The Company adopted Topic 842 on April 1, 2019 and resulted in a right of use asset and liability of $154,917.

All newly issued accounting pronouncements but not yet effective have been deemed either immaterial or not applicable.

© Edgar Online, source Glimpses

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[drafthorsemath]

Weirder Asks

For this ask game, @melymigo asked

1. Who is/are your comfort characters?

Crosshair, Tech, and Gregor. Especially Crosshair. Anakin and Obi-Wan also. Maarva from Andor. I used to be in the BBC Sherlock fandom and so Greg Lestrade was a comfort character. Haven't seen that show in years. Gandalf in Lord of the Rings. He just has a lot of good advice.

11. Favorite extracurricular activity?

Spending time with my horse Hudson. He's on the mend from EPM (Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis) and so I can't ride him now, but he's getting better. I also learned how to trim hooves and do a lot of natural horsemanship. I'm hoping he can heal well enough to at least go on trail rides since that is one of his favorite things to do. Just walk down the trail on a nice day. Very relaxing.

33. Last adventure you've been on?

I don't know if most people would count this as an adventure, but last year I helped my good friend rescue a horse from a kill pen. This horse was in terrible shape, but now she's doing great. We brought her to the farm and weren't sure if she'd make it, but she pulled through.

41. How do you take your coffee?

I drink way more tea than coffee, but like it hot with a little milk. Maybe a little sweet depending on my mood, but not usually.

50. Can I tag you in random stuff?

Yes! Sometimes I'm not sure how to respond, but I try!

[toltrazurilshopcoccidia-epm]

Toltrazuril Shop Toltrazuril 5% Liquid Solution

Understanding the Efficacy of Toltrazuril in Animal Health Care

When it comes to safeguarding the health of animals, particularly in the fight against protozoal infections, toltrazuril has established itself as a pivotal medication. This antiprotozoal agent is revered for its ability to effectively treat diseases such as coccidiosis in a variety of animals, including horses, and is even utilized in the management of the challenging condition of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM).

The mechanism by which toltrazuril operates is quite fascinating. It targets the intracellular stages of the protozoan's lifecycle. More specifically, toltrazuril is known to interfere with the metabolic pathways of these parasites. By disrupting the division of the protozoal cells, it prevents them from proliferating within the host animal. This mode of action is crucial because it strikes at the root of the infection, thereby reducing both the immediate and lingering effects of the disease.

For those in the equine industry, the term toltrazuril EPM has become a beacon of hope. EPM, caused by protozoa like Sarcocystis neurona, can lead to severe neurological symptoms in horses. Toltrazuril, available from specialized suppliers like toltrazurilshop.com, has become a part of the strategic arsenal used by veterinarians to combat this condition. The shop's commitment to providing high-quality toltrazuril formulations underscores its role as a vital resource for effective animal health care solutions.

The application of toltrazuril extends beyond EPM. Toltrazuril for coccidia is a phrase often encountered by those treating farm animals and pets for coccidiosis, a disease marked by intestinal distress caused by coccidian parasites. Toltrazuril's ability to impede the damaging lifecycle of coccidia makes it a highly sought-after treatment.

In the realm of equine health, toltrazuril is also marketed under the brand name Baycox. Baycox for horses is synonymous with coccidia treatment and is also being explored for its potential in managing EPM. The versatility of toltrazuril, whether it's branded as Baycox or not, highlights its importance for veterinarians and animal caretakers alike.

To sum up, toltrazuril's role in animal health is multifaceted and indispensable. Whether it's tackling coccidia or addressing the more complex EPM in horses, toltrazuril provides a strong line of defense against these debilitating infections. For those looking to acquire this vital medication, toltrazurilshop.com remains a leading supplier, ensuring that animals get the care they need with quality-assured toltrazuril products. As with all animal treatments, it's imperative that a licensed veterinarian is involved in the diagnosis and treatment plan to ensure the safety and well-being of the animals in question.

[visualinfinnity]

Third Book in Series Continues EPM Research Funding at Gluck

A portion of the book's proceeds will support the equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) research program run by Dan Howe, PhD, at the University of Kentucky.

The post Third Book in Series Continues EPM Research Funding at Gluck appeared first on The Horse.

from The Horse https://thehorse.com/158910/third-book-in-series-continues-epm-research-funding-at-gluck/

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How to Repel Rats, Mice, Skunks, and Other Interlopers

By Cheryl K. Smith – We’re not the only ones that want to spend our time indoors. Rats, mice, skunks, and other furry interlopers are busy finding their way into houses across the country and setting up housekeeping. They are also interested in cabins and other buildings that are closed up and unused during the colder months of the year. Now is the time to learn how to repel rats and other interlopers.

Sharing living quarters with these trespassers can be an annoying, destructive and unhealthy experience. Being nocturnal, these critters are busiest at night, as they go about finding food, gnawing and scratching at walls, or just running around. Anyone who has ever had a rat or rodent in their attic or wall knows what I’m talking about.

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These pesky creatures will attempt to create new passes or widen those that already exist, chew up valuables, and contaminate food. They will store food throughout the house. They will multiply quickly, adding to the problems they have already created.

The damage caused by these critters goes beyond annoying and unsanitary. They can not only gnaw on walls but can chew through electrical wires, even leading to house fires. Different mammal trespassers present different problems, so they require a variety of strategies for prevention and removal.

Common Problem Animals

Rats

Several kinds of rats can wreak havoc in a home. These include the Norway rat, the Roof rat, the Wood rat (also known as pack rat, because of its propensity for collecting and storing items) and the Black rat. The Norway Rat is the most common of house rats and is found all over the world.

The first thing you need to know about how to repel rats is what attracts them. Although rats will eat anything, they are particularly fond of dog food, fish, meat, and cereal. They also are extremely destructive, and have even been known to chew through plastic and lead pipes. They need only a half-inch opening to get into a structure.

Mice Mice are similar to rats, only smaller. The same tactics you learn for how to get rid of rats can also be used for mice. One key to determining whether a house is infested with mice or rats is to check their droppings. The droppings of mice are much smaller than those of rats.

Unlike rats, which eat a lot at one time, mice are nibblers. They also like quiet nesting places, which they line with insulation, cloth, and shredded paper.

Male mice are territorial and mark that territory with urine. They need only a 1/4-inch opening to get into a structure.

Mice and rats multiply rapidly, contaminate food and food-storing surfaces with their urine and droppings, harbor fleas and mites that can infest the house and family pets, and carry disease. Hantavirus is spread by mice, particularly in the southwest U.S. and bubonic plague is carried by the fleas that infest some rats.

Skunks and Opossums Most people rarely encounter skunks or opossums, other than as road kill. However, these nocturnal animals have been known to make their sleeping quarters under houses or in crawl spaces. Skunks may be striped or spotted, and are members of the weasel family. They are a nuisance, mostly because of the foul odor they expel when frightened or excited. On the other hand, skunks eat rats, mice, and other rodents, so at least a skunk is one answer to how to repel rats.

Opossums are foul-smelling, unattractive animals that like dog food and road kill. Interestingly, they are resistant to rabies but are known to carry protozoal myeloencephalitis, a disease that is fatal to horses. Because of this, extra care should be taken to keep them away from horse barns.

Bats The bat is another creature that can both help and hinder humans. Because they eat mosquitoes and other bugs, they are essential to the ecosystem. They are not good roommates because of the urine and droppings they leave during their residence in attics and walls. Like skunks, they also are known to carry rabies and, in fact, are responsible for the majority of human rabies cases. During the winter months, bats that don’t migrate to a warmer climate will hibernate. If the colony is not large or noisy, some people never even know they are there or will allow them to stay in the attic or wall.

Squirrels

Squirrels, like other mammals, need a cozy place to nest and to give birth to their young. Attics and walls often fit the bill. While not known as serious disease carriers, they can be destructive and a nuisance.

Raccoons Raccoons sometimes will move into the attic or chimney of a house. They have sharp claws and can cause a lot of structural damage. Like squirrels, they are usually more of a nuisance than anything else.

Preparation and Prevention

The first step to learning how to repel rats and other interlopers is a little advance annual prevention. This can help to prevent unwanted creatures from moving in and sharing your living space. A good strategy is to try to think like the interlopers. Investigate the building you want to protect, looking for cracks and holes that look hospitable. Look in particular at the bottom and the top of the house.

For burrowing animals, adding wire to the bottom of the house is a good solution. Make sure to actually go into the ground with the wire. Remember that even a ¼-inch space may allow access. Attaching lattice around the bottom of a deck is helpful in keeping large animals out. Check for trails that lead to any entrance and patch holes. Double-check any lattice that was previously installed to ensure that these critters haven’t broken through in preparation for the winter.

A common entryway for animals is through the garage. They may start out by moving into the shelter made available by an open garage door and then, over time, gnaw their way into the walls or the home itself. One way to help prevent this is to avoid storing unused or summer items along walls that abut the house, so you don’t provide a cover for their activities as they work their way into the warmer house. Another is to annually organize the garage, discarding or recycling items that you no longer need.

Make sure that all holes to the outside or to the walls are covered or filled with mesh hardware cloth or something similarly strong. Some people have had luck filling holes with steel wool and then spraying in foam insulation to keep it in place. This method will last for a few years but has to be redone regularly, as rodents chew it away over time.

Attics are notorious for sheltering invading animals. Inspect the attic thoroughly for animal droppings (wearing a mask or respirator) and holes or other entryways where they can get in. Screen off trouble areas.

Remove overhanging branches and other vegetation to deter rooftop entry by squirrels and other climbing animals. Some experts recommend cementing pieces of glass along the edges of the roof to deter animals from coming onto the roof at all.

Look at cupboards and drawers indoors, especially where there is a history of rodent occupation. If necessary, purchase new plastic containers for foodstuffs. Trap any mice that may already have made themselves at home and clean the area well with bleach. Get a cat or two, if feasible, to help keep the outdoor rodent population down.

Store animal feed in the barn or other areas in stainless steel garbage cans to discourage access. Rats will chew through plastic garbage cans over time, particularly when they are located in an area that is out of the way and not checked regularly.

Eliminate brush piles or other junk near the house. Elevate woodpiles to make them less hospitable. Put up bat houses in areas where bats are prevalent. Clean gutters. Double-check the chimney and screen it, if necessary.

Eliminating Critters In Residence

Sometimes the first sign that there is an opening into or underneath the house is the animal itself. In that case, make sure to get rid of it before making repairs. Don’t risk discovering (by the smell of decay) that you have trapped an animal in the area you wanted to protect.

These trespassers can be removed in a variety of ways, from live traps to poisons. In some cases, elimination will be simple.

A friend of mine recently had a spotted skunk come into the house through the cat door. This door is located under a deck and enters the bathroom. The skunk had discovered that the cat food was served there. The solution, in this case, was easy: Remove the cat food and block the cat door.

If the offending animal is nocturnal and making forays out at night, close off the opening at that time. Be careful that no babies have been left, though, or the determined mama will dig or scratch in a new entrance to get to them.

With raccoons, skunks, and squirrels, some people have had luck with putting a light in the nesting area when the animal is out at night. This encourages it to stay out because the light makes the area undesirable for sleeping.

Poisoning

Poisoning is a common method of dealing with vermin of all types. It is readily available in supermarkets, drug stores, and farm stores. One problem is that it can be lethal to domestic animals and other animals it wasn’t intended for. Cats or other dogs may either ingest the poison or happen upon the body of an intruder that ate the poison. Another downside to this method is that even when the offending animal eats the poison, it may crawl into a wall and die, causing an offensive smell for a long time as it decays.

Various forms of poison bait are available on the market for those who decide to take this route. These include blocks, pellets, and seeds. Each rodent population is different in their preferences, so trying a little of each may be necessary before the animals are permanently eliminated. Try not to disturb the original habitat, or the rodent may move to another area. Continue to clean and sanitize the area where the poison is located and don’t forget to remove other food sources.

Kill Trapping

Kill traps are another option for how to repel rats and other interlopers. There are electronic, snap or glue traps to choose from. Electronic traps are made to kill rats and mice. They run on batteries and deliver a lethal jolt of electricity to a rodent that has entered.

Snap traps are the common spring-loaded traps that snap shut, killing the mouse or rat when it attempts to get the bait. This mousetrap has been around for a long time—it was invented and patented in 1894 by William Hooker of Illinois. Peanut butter makes the best bait for these traps. To avoid spooking and scaring the rodents away, consider putting unset traps out for a few days before baiting and setting them. The rodents will get used to the traps, even walking on them, and so they theoretically are more likely to feel safe going for the bait the first time it is put out.

Shortcomings of snap traps include that they are messy; rodents can become trap-shy if they set one off without getting injured, and they can be dangerous to children and pets that may get accidentally snapped.

Glue traps, or glue boards, are another method for trapping mice. They have a sticky surface that holds the animal that walks on it when they try to get to the bait. Many people consider these traps inhumane, because the trapped rodents may take a long time to die, frightened and starving to death.

Raising Goats for Dummies mentions a natural way to get rid of mice and rats that was developed in Africa. This solution for how to repel rats and mice consists of a partially buried bucket filled with six inches of water, a corncob and a thick wire. The wire is put through the corncob, and bent and pushed into the ground on each side of the bucket with the cob centered over the bucket. The corncob, which should spin freely, is coated with peanut butter. When the rat or mouse goes after the peanut butter, the cob rotates and the rodent falls into the bucket, ultimately drowning. Sometimes rodents will accidentally drown in livestock water buckets, as well.

Live Trapping

Live traps are the most humane way to remove most invading mammals. They come in a variety of sizes, to enable capturing a range of mammals from small mice to bobcats. They vary in price, depending on their size.

In most cases, people move the captured animal to a distant location after capturing. Be aware that state laws may govern the relocation of certain fur-bearing animals. In some cases, relocated animals have made their way back over many miles to their original location. Spotted skunks, for example, have a 150-mile range, returning to the scene of the crime is not out of the question.

Cleaning Up After Removal

After animal intruders have been removed, thoroughly clean the area where they took up residence. Wear long sleeves and pants, gloves, and a mask or respirator. Gently sweep up the debris or use a vacuum cleaner that has a Hepa filter. Animal droppings can irritate the skin and lungs and, in some cases, cause health problems. Wetting droppings with a sprayer can help minimize breathable dust. Use bleach or another disinfectant to thoroughly clean the area.

Once problem areas are identified, animals removed and the location cleaned, take necessary steps to prevent them from getting in again. When doing the annual pre-winter prevention check of the house, make sure to focus on prior problem areas. These crafty animals know where they succeeded in the past and won’t hesitate to investigate and attempt to get in again.

Trespassing animals can be a nuisance or even a serious safety and health risk. The first line of defense is to prevent them from taking up residence in the first place. Those of us who live near the woods, or in another setting that we share with wildlife, may find it impossible to keep out all interlopers. Taking the necessary steps to prevent them from getting in, remove them when they do move in, and clean up the area when they have been eliminated, can minimize problems.

Trapping & Releasing a Skunk

Items needed:   • Two sheets or large blankets • A brick or other object to hold open the trap door • Leather or canvas gloves

Tips For Keeping Unwelcome Animals Out of Your Home

• Keep your property clean. Remove food, trash, and debris, especially around the house’s foundation. • Keep trash cans covered tightly. • Cut back tree branches and other plants that touch or overhang your home or other buildings. • Stack firewood off the ground; store it away from the house, if feasible. • Keep bulk pet or livestock feed in closed metal or plastic containers. • Feed pets indoors or give them only the amount they need for that meal. Dispose of leftovers each night. • Seal all gaps and entry points. • Check for and remove or repair structural damage such as dry rot. • Look for holes where roofs overlap. • Keep gutters clean. • Rotate stored items regularly and keep boxes tightly sealed in plastic bags or containers. • Keep food preparation and storage areas clean and free of crumbs and grease. Use bleach or another disinfectant for cleaning. • If you have a chimney, consider installing a cap or wire mesh covering to prevent entry. • Install ¼-inch wire mesh (hardware cloth) over attic, roof and crawl space vents in order to prevent the entry of mammals and birds. • Provide bat houses for bats.

What would you add to this guide to how to repel rats, mice, skunks & other interlopers?

Cheryl K. Smith is the author of Goat Health Care and Raising Goats for Dummies. She lives in the woods and has had a variety of animals try to take up residence in her home, including opossums, spotted skunks, mice, packrats, and Norwegian rats.

Originally published in the September/October 2011 issue of Countryside & Small Stock Journal  and regularly vetted for accuracy.

How to Repel Rats, Mice, Skunks, and Other Interlopers was originally posted by All About Chickens

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Book Proceeds to Help Fund EPM Research at Gluck Center

New Post has been published on http://lovehorses.net/book-proceeds-to-help-fund-epm-research-at-gluck-center/

Book Proceeds to Help Fund EPM Research at Gluck Center

Kristen Halverson’s children’s book, The Tale of Josephine Rose: A Horse’s Magical Neigh, was published in February 2016 by Dog Ear Publishing. Halverson donated $956 of her proceeds from the publication to the equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) research program run by Dan Howe, PhD, professor at the University of Kentucky (UK) Gluck Equine Research Center.

Now, she hopes a second book in the series will help raise additional funds for EPM research, as well as raising awareness about the disease itself, caused by a parasitic infection in the horse’s central nervous system.

While attending events last year, Halverson said she got a mixed feedback about EPM.

“I’ve encountered a lot of people that did not understand the disease and equine owners that had never heard of it,” Halverson said.

She said she decided to continue to give back to the Gluck Center because she strongly values its mission of improving horse health and well-being. She said she hopes to raise $2,500 from proceeds of The Tale of Noel: The Holiday Horse Angel.

“It is my hope that my mission will create enough awareness in the long run that UK animal science alumni, equine veterinarians, and leading equine philanthropists around the country will begin to give back to EPM research at the Gluck Center so that all equines can receive the best treatment protocols and protection from EPM,” Halverson said.

Howe said he appreciates Halverson’s philanthropic efforts.

“I am very grateful to Kristen for her interest and willingness to support my research program,” he said. “Indeed, it has been the benevolence of people like Kristen that has helped to make the Gluck Equine Research Center successful. Kristen’s gesture is especially gratifying because of the connection to horse-themed children’s books that deliver very positive messages.”

Halverson said she decided to write The Tale of Noel: The Holiday Horse Angel because she enjoys the writing process as a creative outlet. She said she leverages her creative writing skills as a communication vehicle to further her EPM awareness mission, enhance EPM research funds, and honor her late Thoroughbred, Nino Tempo, who was affected by EPM in 2010. She used her Clydesdale and Morgan horses as inspiration for the story, and explores hope, kindness, and thoughtfulness in the book’s pages.

In The Tale of Noel: The Holiday Horse Angel, Clydesdale Josephine Rose (who also stars in The Tale of Josephine Rose: A Horse’s Magical Neigh), a former carriage and sleigh horse, is now settled into an Iowa farm with her new friends. However, she misses her hitch partner from Canada, a Morgan horse. She searches the night sky for a falling star so she can make her Christmas wish. She loses hope until she meets an enchanting horse angel named Noel in a blizzard.

Halverson’s first-edition paperback book can be purchased at createspace.com and amazon.com; she said purchases from the CreateSpace e-store will enabled her to give more in donations. The second-edition hardcover book will be available on Amazon.com and barnesandnoble.com by October. Find the book and additional information at kristenhalverson.com.

Halverson plans to write one more book in this series. 

Katie Lampert is a marketing and communications intern at the UK Gluck Equine Research Center.

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More information on UK Ag Equine Programs.

About the Author

University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment

http://www.ca.uky.edu/

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On The Front Line Of EPM - Donkey, Horse and Mule

On The Front Line Of EPM – Donkey, Horse and Mule

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) doesn’t make headlines as often as it once did. But this potentially debilitating neurological disease remains a threat to horses all over the United States. If anything, its range is spreading. Select On The Front Line Of EPM Select HOW TO PREVENT EPM Therefore, a primary objective in disease prevention should be to minimize stress so a horse’s immune…