#orobot

[tenebraevesper]

Sonic the Hedgehog: Winter Jam

Welcome back everyone to Sonic the Hedgehog: Winter Jam... in the middle of spring. I had stated this somewhere else, but the reason I'm not doing these Analyzer posts (or the fanfic chapters) as often as I probably should was because of some health issues and while I feel better now, I'm still dealing with some stuff, so thank you for your patience. I can also assure you that the next chapter of Sonic Cyber Revolution and maybe even With Light In My Heart will be coming out this week.

Of course, if you guys aren't interested in an AU where Sonic and his friends are digital anomalies based on their video game counterparts and saving the day from all kinds of threats or a Sonadow story taking place Post-Frontiers/Post-Sonic X Shadow Generations, that's also fine, because we have a fun story ahead of us. X3

We kick off with Eggman staring at his monitor, with Orobot and Cubot noting how he's been working for days...

...watching reality TV?

Well, I guess that's a way to spend your time. God knows how much time I spent in front of the TV watching Takeshi's Castle... and now I want Sonic and his friends go through an episode of Takeshi's Castle. Thank you, Iasmin Omar Ata, for writing this.

Anyways, speaking of reality TV, we also find several characters showing up on the monitors, such as Barry, the Conductor and his wife (The Murder of Sonic the Hedgehog) and Gadget and Ian Jr. (Sonic Forces). It's nice to see them have the time of their lives for once without being menaced by Eggman's robots.

Unfortunately, we don't know Eggman's opinion on reality TV, but we do know what Orbot thinks of them. He believes that the people in them compete over useless things and how Eggman's been obsessing over them, which means that he and Cubot have their work getting piled up... Okay, is it just me or is this the most menacing, raw emotional that Orbot has ever looked? Because that one panel of him stewing in anger is pretty cool.

Cubot then points out how Eggman told them that this was ''research'' to break Sonic, with Orbot noting how he won't leave that chair until he's satisfied. Ah, so Eggman's suffering from writer's block (or is it mad scientist's block?). I can relate to that.

Also, hi Mecha Sonic Mark III. We haven't seen you since Sonic Adventure.

Orbot and Cubot then take a look at some of the ideas Eggman put on the wall, having a Pinky and the Brain moment as they get inspired by them.

We then cut to Green Hill, where Sonic is relaxing with Tails, Amy, Cream, Cheese, Big, Rouge and Omega.

It is all fun and games, until a Giant Chopper shows up, with Sonic nervously pointing at it.

The Giant Chopper then promptly eats them and swims off into the distance.

Roll credits.

Jokes aside, they're not dead, although that was a pretty novel way to kidnap all of them. Instead, they get dropped in some kind of dark room, having no clue what's going on.

The lights turn on, blinding them, with Orbot and Cubot announcing how they have been kidnapped to participate in Orbot and Cubot's Winter Jam.

Side-note, I love how Cubot taped eye-brows, it's really hilarious.

As the Badniks cheer them on, Cubot continues the speech about how the contestants will be put through trials, with the winner taking an amazing prize:

It's a Chaos Emerald!

Also, I may have lost the count, but I believe that so far, we only saw three Chaos Emeralds being found since the whole Metal Virus fiasco - one being taken by Rouge when Rough and Tumble teamed up with her and Tangle, the other being taken by Sonic and Tails and this being the third one. You may correct me on this.

Sonic and co. are not too thrilled about this, wondering if this is another trap, and Omega is about to blast his way out. Orbot and Cubot have an ''Oh, no!'' moment, and quickly quell Omega's bloodthirst by promising that he can fight against a brand-new, big, bad Badnik. Omega finds this acceptable, and I'm already laughing my ass off. This is promising to be good.

Cubot wants them to break into teams of three, probably as a reference to Sonic Heroes, but Orbot reminds him that they lack two members.

We then get a brief flashback of Shadow just glaring at the two when they attempt to ask him whether he'd join the competition and another flashback of Knuckles throwing them off Angel Island Team Rocket-style. I really wish we could've seen how that conversation went. I guess it's no wonder they outright kidnapped the rest of contestants.

In any case, after a short break, we everyone divided into teams of two - Team Sonic, consisting of Sonic and Tails; Team Dark, consisting of Rouge and Omega; Team Rose, consisting of Amy, Cream and Cheese; and Team Big, consisting of Big and Froggy.

I also love how there's a disclaimer about how all of the cast members agreed to filming. Sure, kidnapping the cast members is a-okay, but we draw the line at filming them without their consent.

We start of with Scene Jam!, where the contestants have to create a chill holiday party vibe. Tails has already the plans out to make this perfect, but Sonic decides to use his super speed to get it done quickly, getting caught in Big's fishing hook and just stumbling all over the place getting caught in the fairy lights. Love how Tails is just done with his brother's hijinks.

Rouge and Omega have better plans, with Rouge deciding to just steal the Chaos Emerald, while Omega serves as a distraction. Omega crafts some really neat wreath pieces... then promptly locks on Orbot and Cubot, with Rouge getting blown away by the explosion from behind.

Their side collapses, leaving them all buried in the rubble after Omega's antics. Meanwhile, Team Rose is doing quite well for themselves, making pastries and a cake... out of veggies? I don't think I'd want to taste that, but hey, it does look nice. Okay, let's just give these two the win and move on.

During the interview, Sonic does feel bad about costing him and Tails the win. Rouge is annoyed that Omega cost her stealing the Chaos Emerald with his antics, while Omega gives her the most deadpan response about her judgement possible. Cream is promising that she will make a whole feast just like that cake, with Amy just giving everyone a nervous look. As for Big, he's just happy that he can have fun.

Next is Snowball Jam!, with the goal being to get an Eggman Doll to the finish line without it getting damaged by the other teams. We get a brief comment from Sonic on how creepy they look before turning to Team Rose as they attempt to escape the barrage of snowballs Omega is sending after them, managing to damage the Eggman Doll.

Next we have Team Sonic, with Sonic being confident that his super speed can get them the win, and while he avoids the snowballs, the Eggman Doll still get shredded because it can't handle his super speed. Team Big just gives up, not even wanting to deal with this, giving Team Dark an easy win.

We go back to the interview room, with Sonic slowly losing his mind over losing the competition and Tails asking Orbot to cut this part out. Orbot's like ''Nope!'', and let's be honest, if there's one thing that viewers like, it's the drama behind the scenes. That, and it's always good to see Sonic show more raw emotion.

Rouge and Omega are happy about their victory, Cream and Amy are fine since they gave their best, while Big notices that Froggy is kinda acting strange.

We have a time skip through several other challenges, with everyone being exhausted and completely done with this nonsense. The next challenge is Sculpt Jam!, where they have to create the best ice sculpture.

Sonic and Tails, despite being tired, still give their best, creating a really cute sculpture of both of them, being a reference to their Classic versions. The issue they run into, however, are the fact that they also sculpted the noodle limbs, causing the legs to crack and the whole thing to break down.

Sonic can only stare in shock as he falls on his knees, completely defeated in both mind and spirit. Orbot then comments how Eggman may have been onto something with this reality TV stuff if Sonic can break down like this.

While Team Dark and Team Rose are doing their own thing, Big is still confused by why Froggy is acting strange, only to for the frog to suddenly fire a laser blast at the ice block, creating a sculpture of a rather shapely Dr. Eggman holding the Chaos Emerald.

Orbot and Cubot panic, because let's be real, I doubt that Froggy should be capable of doing this.

They then reveal that Froggy is actually a production plant, much to everyone's shock (and Sonic's exasperation, although that may be because Amy's hugging him), while Rouge is trying to quietly sneak away. I do love how even the Badniks are shocked by this.

Cubot explains how Froggy wasn't captured, so they had to improvise and how this is the ''big, bad Badnik'' they used to bait Omega, which I find hysterical that they get called out on it.

Omega immediately locks on and just destroys the entire arena, while Rouge swipes the Chaos Emerald.

Eggman appears, pissed off about the ruckus, while Orbot and Cubot turn to the ''PRESS IF HECKED UP'' button.

This button launches all the contestants out of the Egg Base straight back into Green Hill, with Sonic once again face-planting and getting hit by the Chaos Emerald.

Eh, at least Big is happy that he found the real Froggy.

Tails notes how all's well that ends well, which makes more sense to be said in this kind of environment than a flooded Station Square, while Rouge notes how this was the most annoying way of getting a Chaos Emerald. Honestly, I thought it was hilarious.

Amy figures it was worth it, as we see Green Hill covered in snow and decorated. I assume that those are the remains of the Winter Jam, sent flying along with them. Sonic doesn't care, wanting to enjoy the moment while it lasts.

We then get a nice image of everyone playing in the snow, before cutting back to Eggman, who is annoyed that this was the culmination of all of his research.

He calls it garbage, deletes and destroys all of his ideas and Orbot and Cubot give each other a thumbs up, happy they got him to be more productive than just stare at the TV the whole day.

All in all, Winter Jam was pure hilarity and I loved seeing Sonic and co. being put through reality TV challenges just to see how they'd handle it, with a special shout-out to Sonic's nervous breakdown after losing his challenges.

With this, we end The Misadventures Arc, and while technically Fang the Hunter should be next on the list, it technically serves as a prequel to Sonic Superstars and I want to, for now, go through the main story instead of the Classic one.

In other words, our next arc is The Phantom Rider Arc, and I am excited to get into that one!

See ya!

#Previous Issue

#Next Issue

[merchantarthurn]

having just finished inscryption for the first time (not the first time getting to act 3, but played from the start again)... getting orobot too early in act 3 if you boosted it for the 666 achievement in act 2 is a curse, actually.

for one it puts you at level 3+ bounty immediately, for two it doesn't let you skip or speed up any of the money gaining/losing animations, for three "just get to full battery and hope for orobot" is not a good strat lmao

we did build a great deck which had us winning extremely consistently without touching The Orobot for most of the act once we uhhh spent large amounts of that money on upgrades lol. defeating the mycologists right at the end was the highlight though... those first two rounds are ROUGH.

[vesko-does-things]

Sonic boom metonic idea 😈

Calling it “big brother brawl” in which the town has like, an annual siblings festival or whatever where pairs of siblings compete to win like, a 10% off meh burger coupon.

And obviously Sonic and tails are gonna compete, and they’re like “yeah no sweat, this is gonna be over in ten minutes,” but UH OH!! Eggman is a cheapskate and is making Metal compete. (With Orobot probably)

Eggman’s like “go win for daddy!!” He’s got like an “I love my robot son (and the other one)” shirt on and everything. Metal is so done but at least he gets to see beat Sonic.

All the other teams would be slowly picked off, Sonic would totally flirt during every challenge btw, until it’s just sonic and Metals teams.

The final challenge would be a race around the island because of course. Tails on Sonic’s back and Orbot in Metal’s hand like a rag doll.

Sonic would make some dumb comment like “you’ll look cute in my dust ;)” to which tails groans.

They’re neck at neck like that the whole way until;

1. Metal tackles him and they start fighting on the ground while tails and Orbot try to finish the race. Or

2. Metal says something flirty back and Sonic trips and eats dirt.

Doesn’t matter who wins though because the last line would be Dave the intern giving the coupon to the winner and saying “uhhhm. It’s actually expired, 🤓☝️”

[faradaysketches]

Orobot, ZKM, Karlsruhe. January 2022

Drawn with Karlsruhe Urban Sketchers.

[orbesargentina]

¿Pueden las personas y los robots tener relaciones profundas en el futuro?

Robot: el futuro de los robots es un tema muy discutido últimamente. Tenemos muchas preguntas en la cabeza sobre si serán más inteligentes que nosotros, y si lo son, ¿lucharán contra nosotros?.

Robot: la pregunta más interesante es si podremos tener relaciones románticas con ellos algún día.

Echemos un vistazo al verano de 2014. Algunos pueden recordar que una nave espacial llamada '' Philae '' aterrizó en un cometa pero tuvo que ser suspendida debido a algunos problemas técnicos. Después de este incidente, vimos a muchas personas entristecerse, algunas personas llorando por un robot que nunca habían visto y que se encontraba a millones de kilómetros de distancia. Robot: ¿cómo puede ser que un robot que no tiene emociones en absoluto pueda afectarnos así? Este es uno de los problemas que los científicos están tratando de resolver. Si podemos sentir pena por un robot, no parece en absoluto loco que nos hagan sentir otros sentimientos también. Bueno, según algunas estimaciones científicas, esto ya ha comenzado en pequeña escala. De hecho, se piensa que 3 años después habrá vínculos muy fuertes entre humanos y robots. En un futuro cercano, los robots harán todo lo que queramos y nos dirán todo lo que queremos escuchar. Observarán algunos síntomas emocionales y físicos que tenemos y tal vez sepan cómo reaccionar antes de que digamos algo. En pocas palabras, estarán diseñados de tal manera que harán cualquier cosa para que nos sintamos mejor. ¿Puede esta relación convertirse en algo más que en ponerse triste por un robot? Probablemente, sí. Los robots sexuales se están convirtiendo en un tema candente. Aunque suena extraño, hay muchas personas que son despertadas por robots. Y parece que ni siquiera pueden controlar esto. Por ejemplo, en un experimento, un grupo de personas se sentó frente a un robot que se turnaba. Luego, el robot les pidió a las personas que comenzaran a tocarse los muslos, los senos y la vagina. A lo largo del proceso, se observaron los comportamientos de estas personas y el 90% de ellos se sintieron excitados después de tocar las partes especiales del cuerpo del robot. De acuerdo con los resultados, las personas dan las mismas reacciones a los robots que a los seres humanos reales. Los investigadores piensan que, aunque no tienen ninguna emoción, cerebro o corazón porque se parecen a los humanos, las personas primero sienten vergüenza, luego se sienten excitadas. Parece que, para el año 2050, las personas preferirán tener sexo con un robot que con una persona real. De hecho, se piensa que en el Barrio Rojo, Ámsterdam, solo 9 años después, en 2025, habrá robots sexuales en todas partes. Se predice que los robots tendrán más éxito en la formación de relaciones emocionales. Cuando lo pienses, si conocieras a alguien que te dijera constantemente lo que querías escuchar, lo atractivo y genial que eras y estaba dispuesto a pasar todo su tiempo tratando de satisfacer tus demandas y hacerte feliz, probablemente siente algo hacia esa persona. Se prevé que, para el año 2100, los robots estarán caminando entre nosotros y participando en la vida cotidiana, como las personas normales. Incluso piensan que habrá instituciones para proteger los derechos de los robots. Te haremos una pregunta final y te dejaremos solo con tus pensamientos: Imagina que tienes un pequeño robot lindo que tienes gratis y que hizo todo lo que querías durante un mes. Un mes después, si le pidieran que lo tirara y le dieran uno nuevo a cambio, ¿podría hacerlo sin pensarlo mucho?. O, ¿tendrías algunos sentimientos hacia eso?. El futuro de los robots y los humanos está en la respuesta a esta pregunta. Tags arduino robot kit, robot robot, kit robot,robots robots. robotica industrial, servo robot, robot a, kuka robotics. Read the full article

[sciencenewsforstudents]

An ancient four-footed critter stomped around what is now Germany some 280 million to 290 million years ago. One of the earliest creatures to live fully on land, it was pretty good at trekking about, a new study finds. For their study, researchers relied on computer simulations, imitation skeletons and fossil footprints. They even built a walking robot  —the OroBot — to find out how the creature likely moved. The results suggest that efficiently walking upright evolved earlier than researchers once thought.

The scientists started with fossil evidence of Orobates pabsti (Oh-roh-BAY-tees PAB-sty). It was one of the earliest amniotes (AM-nee-oats). And unlike amphibians, which have young that must live in the water, amniotes can live entirely on land. Amniotes first arose some 350 million years ago.

This fossil of Orobates pabsti was discovered nearly 20 years ago at a site in central Germany. It’s been helping researchers deduce how the animal likely walked.

CREDIT:  THOMAS MARTENS/MUSEUM DER NATUR GOTHA

Membranes surrounded their developing young. This allowed amniotes to walk away from a tadpole-type life stage in the water. Reptiles and birds instead surround their embryos with an egg. Most mammal embryos grow inside their mother.

This amniotic membrane was key to allowing early reptiles to leave the water and thrive in drier habitats, says John Nyakatura. He is a paleontologist — someone who studies fossils — at the Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. He also led the new study.

Learning how early amniotes walked on land could help scientists better understand their evolution from earlier creatures. It also could help explain how amniotes spread globally, Nyakatura says — eventually becoming reptiles, birds and mammals. “Orobates, our focus fossil in this story, is a very close cousin to the last common ancestor of mammals and reptiles,” he explains.

O. pabsti arrived on the scientific scene in 2004. In life, it looked like a large lizard around the size of an iguana. The first fossils showed up at a site in central Germany known as the Bromacher locality. Hundreds of millions of years ago, this site was in a valley between mountains. From time to time, when there was a storm, the valley would flood. Animals strolling through the area left footprints behind in the squishy mud. Sometimes, those animals might die there as well. Eventually buried in mud, they would begin the process of becoming a fossil. O. pabsti is one of the most complete fossils found at this site.  

“These are things preserved from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tails,” notes Stuart Sumida. He is a vertebrate paleontologist, someone who studies only fossils with backbones. Sumida, who works at California State University in San Bernardino, was not involved in the new study. The new fossils “are so well preserved that we can generate [ideas] about how they moved,” he says.

The Bromacher locality doesn’t just have lovely fossil bones. It has fossilized footprints, too. A string of those footprints from the same animal is called a trackway. Scientists were able to link one trackway at the Bromacher locality to the O. pabsti fossil. Those tracks offered more clues to how the animal might have walked.

Scientists figured out that these fossil footprints were made by Orobates pabsti. Footprints and a fossil skeleton helped them figure out how these creatures might have walked.

CREDIT: SEBASTIAN VOIGT/URWELTMUSEUM GEOSKOP THALLICHTENBERG

But there’s more to understanding walking than knowing where an animal put its feet. For instance, they might even build a robot, says Kamilo Melo. He is a bioroboticist — someone who studies robots that imitate living things. He works at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland. What’s unique about the new study, he says, is that the scientists have combined several of these tactics together. That way, they get the best possible understanding of an ancient creature’s gait.

And, Sumida adds, the German team confirmed something that only the fossil’s original finders suspected: O. pabsti lived its whole life on land — and walking instead of wriggling.

Reanimating a fossil’s source

To gauge how the animal might have moved, the researchers first re-created its skeleton. They used this to find out how far O. pabsti’s arms and legs could move. Explains Melo, they essentially created a puppet. Then the researchers tested the potential range of motion each joint might have. The scientists also used a computer model to find out how the animal’s body would move in response to gravity and the friction from the ground as it walked.

The scientists looked at species still scurrying around today, such as salamanders, skinks, caimans (reptiles related to alligators) and iguanas. They used these animals to imagine ways the ancient animal might have moved. Skinks and salamanders, for example, hold their bodies low. Their limbs sprawl out to the sides as their bellies slither on the ground. Caimens tend have limbs that push their bodies up, holding them higher off the ground.

The scientists then crafted a robot based on what they learned from the fossil, footprint tracks, skeleton, computer model and other species. Called the OroBOT, it demonstrated potential gaits. It matched the footprint trails the scientists had.

Eventually the researchers considered 512 different possible types of movement. They scored each on how much energy they needed, how well the robot balanced and how well the gait matched the tracks without slipping. (The researchers have also put their computer model online; you can try it out.)

The results suggest that O. pabsti had a relatively advanced style of walking. It’s one that researchers thought hadn’t evolved until much later.

The creature would have had a stable, efficient gait — one without a lot of side-to-side, salamander-like wiggles. It also would have held its belly off the ground. This gait likely helped it conserve energy. Melo, Nyakatura and their colleagues describe their findings January 17 in Nature.

Sumida praised the many ways the scientists tested their findings from fossil to computers to a robot. He and others have shown that amniotes from the same area walked in several different ways. Some had limbs that lifted them off the ground like O. pabsti. Others sprawled. At least one animal walked on two legs. “What these studies are showing is that when amniotes first showed up, they were doing lots of things more quickly than we ever realized,” he says.

And these findings are just a start, Nyakatura says. The researchers hope their approach helps scientists better understand how other ancient animals got around. He’s interested in how animals launched into the air, stood up on two legs and even went back into the sea (as did the whales and seals we know today). “We have a whole bag of interesting things to study,” he says.

Watching an extinct animal walk is a tall order. To figure out O. pabsti’s stride, researchers built a small robot: the OroBOT. Watch it strut its stuff here. CREDIT: FIRST CLIP: KAMILO MELO AND TOMISLAV HORVAT/EPFL LAUSANNE, SAVE/EPFL, SECOND CLIP: TOMISLAV HORVAT AND KAMILO MELO/EPFL LAUSANNE

[roboticsappreciationsociety]

The animal in question is known as Orobates pabsti, which kind of looks like a big salamander. It sits at a crucial junction on the evolutionary tree, linking early amphibians to the reptiles and mammals that would follow. It also happens to be the oldest creature that scientists have been able to link fossilized bones with fossil footprints, making it the perfect target for this kind of study.

First, a team at Humboldt developed a digital simulation of how Orobatesmay have walked, based on what's known from its fossil skeletons and the sprawling gaits of similar modern animals, including caimans, salamanders, iguanas and skinks. The researchers took X-rays of these creatures as they walked, and examined three features in particular: how erect the animal stood, how its backbone bent, and how much its elbow and shoulder joints bent.

From that data, they had their virtual Orobates walk across a digital floor of its own footprints to see what kind of gait could have left them. The possible gaits in the simulation were limited to realistic ones – specifically, those where the animal's bones wouldn't have collided or popped out of their joints.

The next step was to bring this digital Orobates into the real world. The Biorobotics Laboratory at EPFL created the OroBOT, a creepy-looking robot version of the ancient critter. This one also has a customizable gait to test how the real Orobates may have gotten around. After identifying the most plausible gaits, the team had the OroBOT perform them and measured how much energy it took, how stable it was, how the leg forces lined up with similar modern animals, and of course how closely it matched the fossil footprints.

Orobates, it turns out, probably had a more upright swagger than salamanders or skinks. The team says the gaits that best matched all the above criteria were "quite athletic" and the modern animal it most closely resembled was the caiman, a small alligator relative. That tells the researchers that Orobates had a more advanced gait than was previously thought for its time.

The research was published in the journal Nature.

[wolfxnews]

Anon

Would not be surprised if you and Orbot were both annoyed by Eggman honestly-

“I don’t know if Orobot does get annoyed by Eggman, but I do know that I find him annoying.”

[the-firebird69]

andthis happens too adn it is brought up repetetively and he says i see they say it and say it and do other stuff and try for it  adn repetetively and we say your targets...saying it attracts mostners ad orobots assasins and you dontsurivve adn he says so they do it and we say now we use it..adn they told you down  youw wont adn they got suspcious..so the see yougo down too not a hard decision you die anyways and why not toopple it alll problem is we dont care you ratonthem or Kaiju at all...so rat as much as you can and yousay no we wont and we say you can say it is us then no..and you can feed the Kaiju all youwant repetetively massive amouts of anything youwant...no..and we see, why not the last one...we dontdo it we let it grow and grow and ok fed it now we dont no youdo...so we do so, we say it all day all night and your sodumb we cant stand you...we feed it too now and you areon yourown let us take control cant see it and are anohing pigs annoying as hell rude andmoronic all day all night...inafective to amassive massive flaw of your own to yourown thank youforyour service scumbag traitor to yourownthank you Thor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EJMRIQcGhY

[hornickel-international]

LEGO Blocks Star Wars D-ORobot 75278 519pcs/pzs-10years old Children Toys Festival Gift

[robo-technology]

Роботизированная копия древнего ящера

Палеонтологи всего мира пытаются узнать максимум о животном мире далекого прошлого. Они пытаются узнать, как выглядели животные, чем питались и как передвигались. Ученые из Швейцарии и Германии сделали большой шаг вперед в этом деле — они создали роботизированный скелет ящера, который жил более 300 миллионов лет назад. Для воссоздания реалистичных движений они использовали компьютерное моделирование и данные, собранные во время раскопок. Результат весьма интересен и показан на видео.

Скелет создан на основе древнего животного под названием Orobates pabsti. Оно выглядело как огромная саламандра и находилось в важной точке эволюционного древа, между амфибиями и млекопитающими. Ученые выбрали именно его, так как это единственное древнее существо, чьи окаменелые кости можно связать с ископаемыми следами лап. На первом этапе создания движущегося скелета ученые изучили движения современных саламандр, игуан и кайманов. При помощи рентгеновских снимков исследователи узнали, как они стоят в вертикальном положении и как сгибаются их позвоночник и суставы во время движения. Приняв во внимание эти данные и сопоставив их с ископаемыми следами древних ящеров, они спроектировали компьютерную модель существа так, чтобы при движении его кости и уставы не выскакивали.

Созданная модель была перенесена в реальный мир при помощи робота OroBOT. Исследователи сравнили его способ передвижения с походкой современных животных подобного вида. Оказалось, что древние Orobates pabsti двигались примерно как кайманы — маленькие родственники аллигаторов. Палеонтология уже ответила на многие вопросы, касающихся времен до появления человека. Например, ученые уже примерно знают, что было бы с динозаврами, если бы они не вымерли. Также им известно, почему жизнь предпочла выйти из воды на сушу. Read the full article

[magazine-app]

Orobot : une créature préhistorique réincarnée en robot https://t.co/G1BIsHBrSM https://t.co/RWtpgCdBbo

Source: @JournalDuGeek

[mafiainc]

🔥 Orobot : une créature préhistorique réincarnée en robot https://t.co/z8AyDPiFkM 🔥 #news https://t.co/F1mZzRREd0

[sciencenewsforstudents]

An ancient four-footed critter stomped around what is now Germany some 280 million to 290 million years ago. One of the earliest creatures to live fully on land, it was pretty good at trekking about, a new study finds. For their study, researchers relied on computer simulations, imitation skeletons and fossil footprints. They even built a walking robot  —the OroBot — to find out how the creature likely moved. The results suggest that efficiently walking upright evolved earlier than researchers once thought.

The scientists started with fossil evidence of Orobates pabsti (Oh-roh-BAY-tees PAB-sty). It was one of the earliest amniotes (AM-nee-oats). And unlike amphibians, which have young that must live in the water, amniotes can live entirely on land. Amniotes first arose some 350 million years ago.

This fossil of Orobates pabsti was discovered nearly 20 years ago at a site in central Germany. It’s been helping researchers deduce how the animal likely walked. Thomas Martens/Museum der Natur Gotha

Membranes surrounded their developing young. This allowed amniotes to walk away from a tadpole-type life stage in the water. Reptiles and birds instead surround their embryos with an egg. Most mammal embryos grow inside their mother.

Explainer: How a fossil forms

This amniotic membrane was key to allowing early reptiles to leave the water and thrive in drier habitats, says John Nyakatura. He is a paleontologist — someone who studies fossils — at the Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. He also led the new study.

Learning how early amniotes walked on land could help scientists better understand their evolution from earlier creatures. It also could help explain how amniotes spread globally, Nyakatura says — eventually becoming reptiles, birds and mammals. “Orobates, our focus fossil in this story, is a very close cousin to the last common ancestor of mammals and reptiles,” he explains.

[chrdkru]

Робот-рептиломорф, созданный по окаменелостям пермского периода, доказал, что эти животные ходили, а не ползали.

Исследователи из Германии, Швейцарии и Великобритании нашли необычный способ ответить на один из вопросов, мучающих палеонтологов: в какой момент древние четвероногие (тетраподы) освоили эффективный способ передвижения по суше на ногах, без касания телом земли. На основе анализа окаменелостей Orobates pabsti они смогли сначала смоделировать, а потом и воспроизвести движения древнего животного. В процессе создания механического зверя по имени OroBOT исследователи пришли к выводу, что тетраподы «встали на ноги» значительно раньше, чем принято считать, еще до разделения на несколько групп в процессе эволюции.

Читайте также: Россия — палеонтологическая сокровищница пермского периода. О том, как под Кировом копают пермскую хтонь, читайте в специальном репортаже «Чердака»

В статье, опубликованной в журнале Nature, ученые отмечают как редкую удачу, что нам доступно достаточно много окаменелостей Orobates pabsti. Дело в том, что этот вид — в некотором роде родоначальник амниотов, группы позвоночных, в которую входят млекопитающие, птицы и пресмыкающиеся. Сам он еще не относится к этой группе, но он представитель той эволюционной ветви, что привела к выделению амниотов.

Скелет Orobates pabsti, экспонат музея в Готе (Германия)John A. Nyakatura et al. / PLOS ONE / CC BY 2.5

Сначала ученые построили компьютерную модель движений рептиломорфа с правдоподобными для строения его костей диапазонами движений позвоночника и конечностей. Далее превратили ее в динамическую модель, добавив в нее данные изучения сохранившихся следов этих животных, а также видеорентген движений современных амфибий и рептилий (эта технология активно используется в кинематографе при создании разных правдоподобных тварей для фильмов). На этом этапе оробат стал уже цифровым, то есть двигался на экране компьютера. После этого, опираясь на динамическую модель, исследователи создали робота-оробата.

Модель двигающегося Orobates pabsti (сверху) и робот, созданный по ней (снизу)John Nyakatura

Авторы пишут, что оробаты, вероятно, были больше похожи на современных четвероногих и держались уже дальше от земли. Ранее считалось, что на этом этапе тетраподы двигались примерно так, как современные саламандры или ящерицы — т.е. ползали, а не ходили.

http://bit.ly/2VZeguZ

[airborn64]

Forscher bauen Roboter eines Ursauriers: Sein Gang soll zeigen, wie er lebte

Forscher bauen Roboter eines Ursauriers: Sein Gang soll zeigen, wie er lebte

Video: OroBOT ist die Roboter-Nachbildung des Ursauriers Orobates pabsti. Forscher haben den Gang der uralten Kreatur simuliert, um herauszufinden, wie die frühen Landwirbeltiere lebten.… LESEN SIE MEHR :

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