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How Can Understanding Effect Sizes Improve Your Statistics Homework

When working on your stats assignment, you’ve probably encountered situations where you’re asked to decide whether a result is significant. Maybe you ran a t-test and got a p-value of 0.03. That’s significant at the 0.05 level—but does that really tell you how big the result is?

This is where effect sizes come in. They go beyond a simple “yes or no” answer from statistical significance and give you a way to interpret results. Understanding effect sizes can not only improve your stats thinking but also make your stats homework more informative and precise.

In this article, we’ll break down effect sizes in a way that makes sense, using real-life examples. So, next time you think, “Can someone help me for statistics homework on effect sizes?”—you’ll already have the answers!

Why Effect Size Matters More Than Just Statistical Significance in Your Stats Homework

A common misconception among students is that a statistically significant result always means a big or important result. That’s just not true.

Here’s an example:

Suppose you compare the test scores of two groups of students and find that Group A scores higher than Group B, with a p-value of 0.049. Significant? Yes.

But what if the actual difference between the means of the two groups is just 0.5 points on a 100-point test? Meaningful? Not really.

Effect size tells us how big or important this difference is, not just whether it exists. This makes your stats assignments more nuanced and complete.

Types of Effect Sizes and When to Use Them in Your Stats Assignments

Depending on the type of analysis you’re doing, there are different measures of effect size you can use. Let’s go through the most common ones you’ll encounter.

1. Cohen’s d: How Much of a Difference Between Two Groups?

If you’re working with t-tests (comparing two groups), Cohen’s d is your go-to effect size measure. It tells you how far apart the two group means are in terms of standard deviations.

Formula for Cohen’s d:

d = (Mean of Group 1−Mean of Group 2)/Pooled Standard Deviation

Example:

You’re comparing the test scores of two different teaching methods:

Old Method: Mean = 75, SD = 10

New Method: Mean = 80, SD = 10

d=80−75/10=0.5

According to rules of thumb:

0.2 = Small

0.5 = Medium

0.8+ = Large

So, here we have a medium effect size, so the new method has some impact.

2. Pearson’s r: How Strong is the Relationship Between Variables

When you’re doing correlation analysis, Pearson’s r measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.

Example:

If you analyze the relationship between study hours and exam scores and find r = 0.6, that means there’s a moderate to strong positive correlation—more study hours means higher scores.

But if r = 0.1, even though it’s statistically significant, the effect size is so small that studying more won’t make much of a difference.

3. R² (Coefficient of Determination): How Well Does Your Model Explain Variance

In regression analysis, R² tells you how much of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable(s).

Example:

If you build a model predicting final exam scores based on attendance rate, and R² = 0.85, that means 85% of the variance in exam scores is explained by attendance—very strong!

If R² = 0.20, only 20% of the variance is explained, so there’s other factors to consider.

How Knowing Effect Size Helps You Score Higher on Statistics Assignments

You might be wondering—how does knowing effect sizes actually help me on my statistics assignments?

1. Helps You Interpret Results Better

Just reporting a p-value without an effect size is incomplete. Professors love when you go the extra mile to explain how big a result is, not just whether it’s statistically significant.

2. Avoids Misleading Conclusions

If you only focus on statistical significance, you might misconstrue a result. A tiny but statistically significant effect doesn’t mean it’s important in practice.

3. Strengthens Your Research and Data Analysis Skills

Effect sizes are used in real research, psychology, medicine, economics. Master them now and you’ll be ahead when dealing with real data in your future career.

Hands-On Example: Let’s Apply Effect Size to a Simple Statistics Homework

Problem: Comparing Two Study Methods

Suppose you do a study comparing two study techniques:

Your t-test gives a p-value = 0.04, so the difference is statistically significant. But let’s calculate the effect size (Cohen’s d):

d = (82−78)/{(12+10)/2}=411≈0.36

A d of 0.36 means small to moderate effect size. While the result is statistically significant, the actual effect of study methods isn’t big.

This extra layer of explanation will impress your professor and help you shine in your statistics homework!

Conclusion: Next Time You Think “Help Me for Statistics Homework,” Remember Effect Sizes

Effect sizes add depth to your statistical analysis. They go beyond “significant vs. not significant” and help you understand the practical impact of your results. So next time you work on a statistical problem or look for someone who can help you with statistics assignment, don’t just stop at the p-value—calculate the effect size and make your analysis more meaningful!

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SPSS CUMULATIVE ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONSOVERVIEWThis assignment is designed to evaluate the SPSS analytical and APA writing skills that you have developed during the course. Part of a being a successful practitioner in psychology, counseling, social work, and other behavioral science careers is understanding how to intelligently incorporate research findings into practice, and conversely how to design research and analyze data for questions that arise from work in the field. One fundamental aspect of these skills is knowing which statistical test to use for a given research question and how to interpret and effectively communicate the results to your audience. This assignment will present you with five research scenarios and their corresponding research questions. Your job is to choose which statistical test, of the eight you have learned this term, is the correct one for the scenario. You will run the analysis and communicate the outcome in a Results section in current APA format.INSTRUCTIONS The following five research questions can be answered using one of the eight tests you have learned this term, including: independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA for independent measures, Pearson correlation coefficient, bivariate linear regression, the chi-square test for goodness of fit, and the chi-square test for independence. Each test will only be used once, and three tests will not be used.  Use the information in the tables to construct your SPSS data file, just as you have been doing in each homework assignment. There is only 1 correct choice of analysis for each question. Remember to account for whether the test is 1-tailed or 2-tailed. The assessment is open-book/open-notes. Your answer must include: A) SPSS output, B) Results section in current APA style, and C) the appropriate graph included as an APA-style figure. For ANOVA problems (if applicable): Report statistical findings and make statements for all main effects and interaction effects. Use Tukey’s test for any analyses requiring post hoc tests. Show more

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Hi! I am currently studying math and it is so hard. It literally makes me cry and everyone in my class are like good at math. I was wondering if you any tips? I Love your blog❤

You can check my math tag, but I’m frankly too lazy atm to go back and link to specific posts. 

So I have like this love-hate relationship with math. I despise it, but then I take the class and I’m like, actually I really enjoy it. That being said, I too have cried many a time over math, and I’m an A student, so please don’t feel like being upset and stressed over math is exclusive to people who struggle in the class as well.

Tips:

TALK TO YOUR TEACHER! That goes a LONG way. My mom actually should’ve completely flunked her statistics class in college, but she tried so hard and constantly met with the teacher that he ended up passing her. One-on-one can be less intimidating and fast-paced than in class, and some teachers will be different (make more/less sense) outside of class.

Try YouTube! I know there are like the “big” well-known accounts, but I actually have found that simply searching whatever type of problem I’m doing, and clicking on like old math teachers filming with Sharpies and scrap paper are often more helpful.

Take advantage of any resources you have. This means:

Study groups

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THE TEXTBOOK. If you have an eTextbook and use MyMathLab or other Pearson stuff, there are looooaaads of helpful materials that come with the access code.

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Course 2 Data Analysis Tools: Week 3 Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Null Hypothesis: That for 18 – 44 year olds, how many children they have DOES NOT have a relationship to their age.

Alternate Hypothesis: That for 18 – 44 year olds, how many children they have DOES have a relationship to their age.

NOTE about homework and variables selected:

Outlook on life didn’t have a lot of quantitative variables, so simply chose 2 that could display use of the Pearson test.

 SAS Program:

LIBNAME mydata "/courses/d1406ae5ba27fe300 " access=readonly;

DATA new;

        SET mydata.oll_pds (KEEP = CASEID W2_CASEID2 W1_L1_A W1_L1_C W1_L2_1 W1_L2_2

        W1_L2_3 W1_L2_5 W1_L3 W2_QB1A W2_QB3 PPAGE PPAGECAT PPETHM

        W1_D1 W1_N1A W1_P17A PPHHSIZE);

                LABEL

                        PPAGE="Age"

                        W1_P17A = "Number of children";

(showing only needed portions of code – excludes all data management and selection criteria)

    PROC CORR; VAR PPAGE W1_P17A;

OUTPUT from CORR procedure:

2  Variables:

PPAGE    W1_P17A

   Simple Statistics

Variable

N

Mean

Std Dev

Sum

Minimum

Maximum

Label

PPAGE

553

31.64195

8.26652

17498

18.00000

44.00000

Age

W1_P17A

249

2.25301

1.21659

561.00000

1.00000

9.00000

Number of children

   Pearson Correlation Coefficients Prob > |r| under H0: Rho=0 Number of Observations

  PPAGE

W1_P17A

PPAGE Age

1.00000 553

0.30393 <.0001 249

W1_P17A Number of children

0.30393 <.0001 249

1.00000 249

 Results Summary and Analysis:

PEARSON (r) CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

·         P value is <.0001 which is far less than the significance threshold of .05 – this low value suggests that the relationship is statistically  significant and reliable such that samples would give the same results

·         Coefficient (r) is .304.  This shows  a weak linear relationship (as it is closer to 0 than 1)

·         r2  indicates what proportion of the variability in one variable is described by variation in the second variable (a.k.a. Coefficient of Determination).

     o   rsquared => .304 * .304 = .09 => only 9% of the time we would be able to predict – low ability to form predictions

Conclusion:

·         Null hypothesis should be accepted: how many children a person has DOES NOT have a relationship to their age.

     o   The r and r2 values indicate very weak relationship

     o   Although the p value shows statistical significance, the magnitude of the effect is essentially meaningless (r2) and the relationship is weak (r)

     o   Because the meaning of the p and r values seemed to point to conflicting conclusions, I found an answer in the Course Forum on this situation to led me to this conclusion

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GSCM 206 Case Study Week 1 DeVry

Case Study: Hard Rock Café’s Global Strategy (p. 53 and Pearson Video Library) Case Study Questions Identify the strategy changes that have taken place at Hard Rock Café since its founding in 1971. As Hard Rock Café has changed its strategy, how has its responses to some of the 10 decisions of OM changed? Title page and two written pages have less than 500 words. Answers to Individual Questions (as assigned): Each assignment will have specific questions you need to address. You should create a sub-headed section for each one. References or Appendix (if required): These are not research papers per se, so you may not have the need to cite outside sources. If you do, however, they should be identified on a proper reference page. Similarly, if you are required to do calculations and choose to perform them on a separate page or pages, you should include them in an Appendix. Preview Case Study – Hard Rock Café’s Global Strategy: Concretizing its identity, business model and services to be able to replicate in its expansion. Founded by two Americans (Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton) looking for burgers in London, England in 1971, Hard Rock’s core business of serving food with rock music experience never changed. During its early years, standardizing its look and sound, and quality of service have been key to its being able to provide the same unique… GSCM 206 Case Study Week 2 DeVry

Case Study: Forecasting at Hard Rock Café (p. 150 and Pearson Video Library) Case Study Questions Describe three different forecasting applications at Hard Rock. Name three other areas in which you think Hard Rock could use forecasting models. What is the role of POS system in forecasting at Hard Rock? Name several other variables besides those mentioned in the case that could be used as good predictors of daily sales in each café. Title page and two written pages with no more than 500 words. Answers to individual questions (as assigned) Each assignment will have specific questions you need to address. You should create a subheaded section for each one. References/Appendix (if required) These are not research papers per se, so you may not have the need to cite outside sources. If you do, however, they should be identified on a proper reference page. Similarly, if you are required to do calculations and choose to perform them on a separate page, you should include them in an appendix. Preview Case Study Forecasting at Hard Rock Café: The point-of-sale (POS) is a key component of Hard Rock’s forecasting system. The POS at each café captures the financial and statistical data of daily transactions, i.e., customer profile, number of customers and amount spent on food or merchandise items. This builds up the… GSCM 206 Case Study Week 3 DeVry

Quality at Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company (p. 232 and Pearson Video Library) Case Study Questions In what ways could the Ritz-Carlton monitor its success in achieving quality? Why might it cost the Ritz-Carlton less to do things right the first time? What are some nonfinancial measures of customer satisfaction that might be used by the Ritz-Carlton? How could control charts, Pareto diagrams, and cause-and-effect diagrams be used to identify quality problems at a hotel? Many companies say that their goal is to provide quality products and services. What actions might you expect from a company that intends quality to be more than a slogan or buzzword? Title page and two written pages with no more than 500 words. Answers to individual questions (as assigned) Each assignment will have specific questions you need to address. You should create a subheaded section for each one. References/Appendix (if required) These are not research papers per se, so you may not have the need to cite outside sources. If you do, however, they should be identified on a proper reference page. Similarly, if you are required to do calculations and choose to perform them on a separate page, you should include them in an appendix. Preview Case Study Quality at Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company: As part of its Total Quality Management (TQM) system and aligned to the Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award criteria to which they are the only hotel awardee, Ritz-Carlton implements measurement and analysis system to gauge the quality of their services. Since they are in the hospitality business, their measure of quality is focused on.. GSCM 206 Case Study Week 4 DeVry

Case Study: Where to Place the Hard Rock Café (pp.351–352 and Pearson Video Library) Case Study Questions From Munday’s Standard Market Research checklist, select any other four categories, such as population (A1), hotels (B2), or restaurants/nightclub (D), and provide three subcategories that should be evaluated. (See item C1 [airport] for a guide.) Why does Hard Rock put such serious effort into its location analysis? Under what conditions do you think Hard Rock prefers to franchise a café? Title page and two written pages with no more than 500 words. Answers to individual questions (as assigned) Each assignment will have specific questions you need to address. You should create a sub-headed section for each one. References/Appendix (if required) These are not research papers per se, so you may not have the need to cite outside sources. If you do, however, they should be identified on a proper reference page. Similarly, if you are required to do calculations and choose to perform them on a separate page, you should include them in an appendix. Preview Case Study – Where to Place the Hard Rock Café: Hard Rock Café has a specific brand image, that exudes full-of-life and rock-music kind of setting and lifestyle. The location should therefor match this image or it would look misplaced. Imagine, if a Hard Rock Café is situated in a rural area at a plaza. It might be passed over by customers to local diner/pub or fast food restaurants. The right location would also facilitate capturing the… GSCM 206 Case Study Week 5 DeVry

Case Study : Darden’s Global Supply Chains (p. 455 and Pearson Video Library) Case Study Questions What are the advantages of each of Darden’s four supply chains? What are the complications of having four supply chains? How do Darden’s four supply chains compare to those of other firms, such as Dell or an automobile manufacturer? Why do the differences exist, and how are they addressed? Title page and two written pages with no more than 500 words. Answers to individual questions (as assigned) Each assignment will have specific questions you need to address. You should create a sub-headed section for each one. References/Appendix (if required) These are not research papers per se, so you may not have the need to cite outside sources. If you do, however, they should be identified on a proper reference page. Similarly, if you are required to do calculations and choose to perform them on a separate page, you should include them in an appendix. Case Study: Darden’s Global Supply Chains Darden Restaurants (subject of the Global Company Profile at the beginning of this chapter), owner of popular brands such as Olive Garden and Red Lobster, requires unique supply chains to serve more than 300 million meals annually. Darden’s strategy is operations excellence, and Senior VP Jim Lawrence’s task is to ensure competitive advantage via Darden’s supply chains…. Preview Case Study Darden’s Global Supply Chains: Based in Orlando, Florida, Darden Restaurants, Inc. owns and operates well-known brands of full-service dining restaurants, namely: Olive Garden®, LongHorn Steakhouse®, Bahama Breeze®, Seasons 52®, The Capital Grille®, Eddie V’s® and Yard House®. As of 2015, Darden operated more than 1,500 restaurants, employing around 150,000 people and serving more than… GSCM 206 Case Study Week 6 DeVry

Case Study 1: Managing Inventory at Frito-Lay (p. 513 and Pearson Video Library) Frito-Lay has flourished since its origin—the 1931 purchase of a small San Antonio firm for $100 that included a recipe, 19 retail accounts, and a hand-operated potato ricer. The multi-billion-dollar company, headquartered in Dallas, now has 41 products—15 with sales of over $100 million per year and 7 at over $1 billion in sales. Production takes place in 36 product-focused plants in the U.S. and Canada, with 48,000 employees. Inventory is a major investment and an expensive asset in most firms. Holding costs often exceed 25% of product value, but in Frito-Lay’s prepared food industry, holding cost can be much higher because the raw materials are perishable. In the food industry, inventory spoils. So poor inventory management is not only expensive but can also yield an unsatisfactory product that in the extreme can also ruin market acceptance….. Preview Case Study Frito-Lay: As noted in the case, Frito-Lay products are manufactured from its 36 product-focused plants in the U.S. and Canada. Output of such plant with continuous production and little flexibility on product customization would therefore produce high volume but low variety and low cost products (Gapuz, 2010)…. GSCM 206 Case Study Week 7 DeVry

JIT at Arnold Palmer Hospital (p. 643 and Pearson Video Library) Case Study Questions JIT at Arnold Palmer Hospital Stockbrokers drive inventory down to nearly zero every day. Most sell and buy orders occur on an immediate basis because an unexecuted sell or buy order is not acceptable to the client. A broker may be in serious trouble if left holding an unexecuted trade. Similarly, McDonald’s reduces inventory waste by maintaining a time-stamped finished-goods inventory of only a few minutes; after that, it is thrown away. Hospitals, such as Arnold Palmer (described in this chapter’s Video Case Study), manage JIT inventory and low safety stocks for many items. Even critical supplies such as pharmaceuticals may be held to low levels by developing community networks as backup systems. In this manner, if one pharmacy runs out of a needed drug, another member of the network can supply it until the next day’s shipment arrives…. What do you recommend be done when an error is found in a pack as it is opened for an operation? How might the procedure for custom surgical packs described here be improved? When discussing JIT in services, the text notes that suppliers, inventory, and scheduling are all used. Provide an example of each of these at Arnold Palmer Hospital. Preview Case Study The key to JIT supply chain is having the appropriate inventory to meet the demands of the operation. While excess inventory is seen as waste and unproductive use of capital, having too little can also be detrimental to an operation, especially to medical type of services like Arnold Palmer Hospital (United Parcel Services of America, Inc., 2005). Thus, prior to even discovering… GSCM 206 Quiz Week 1-7 DeVry

GSCM 206 Quiz Week 1 DeVry

(TCO 1) Which one the following is not a reason why productivity is difficult to improve in the service sector? Labor intensive Focuses on individual attributes Often an intellectual task Easy to mechanize and automate Difficult to evaluate for quality (TCO 1) What are the five elements in the management process? Plan, direct, organize, pricing, and supervise Accounting/finance, marketing, operations, and management Organize, plan, implement, staff, and lead All of the above None of the above (TCO 2) Which of the following is the best example of a pure service? Counseling Oil change Heart transplant Electric Co-Op All of the above (TCO 2) Which of the following has not been a key driver to the globalization of business? Reduction in cultural barriers Technology Improved political stability Reliable shipping All of the above (TCO 4) The Dulac Box plant produces 400 cypress packing boxes in one two-person assembly line during a 10-hour shift. What is the labor productivity of this assembly line? 20 boxes/labor hour 25 boxes/labor hour 50 boxes/labor hour 250 boxes/labor hour 500 boxes/labor hour (TCO 4) Gibson Valves produces air valves on a five-person assembly line. If 1,200 valves are produced in an 8-hour shift, what is the labor productivity of the line? 2 valves/labor hour 4 valves/labor hour 30 valves/labor hour 40 valves/labor hour 80 valves/labor hour (TCO 4) John has a part-time business taking engagement photos. He currently works a total of 5 hours per day to produce 15 group photos. What is his productivity? One photo per hour Two photos per hour Three photos per hour Four photos per hour (TCO 2) The impact of a firm’s strategies to achieve their mission is which of the following? They exploit opportunities and strengths. They operate on medium-range tactics. They are not long range. They neutralize threats and avoid weaknesses. They both exploit opportunities and strengths, and they neutralize threats and avoid weaknesses. (TCO 2) Which of the following is an example of competing on quick response? A firm produces its product with less raw material waste than its competitors. A firm offers more reliable products than its competitors. A firm’s products are introduced into the market faster than its competitors. A firm’s research and development department generates many ideas for new products. (TCO 4) Which is not a reason for a firm to internationalize operations? Track customer complaints Improve the supply chain Provide better goods and services Understand markets All of the above GSCM 206 Quiz Week 2 DeVry

(TCO 5) What is the forecast for November, based on a weighted moving average applied to the following past-demand data and using the weights 4, 2, and 0 (largest weight is for most recent data)? May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. 10 8 7 10 12 13 10.3 10.5 12.66 21 (TCO 5) Jim’s department at a local department store has tracked the sales of a product over the last 10 weeks using exponential smoothing with an alpha of 0.3. In January, he forecasted $150,000 in sales and achieved $155,000 is sales. Using this same forecasting model, estimate Jim’s February sales. (Points : 3) $152,000 $155,000 $151,500 $105,000 (TCO 5) Weekly sales of 10-grain bread at the local Whole Foods Market are in the table below. Based on this data, forecast Week 9 using a 3-week moving average. Week Demand 1 415 2 389 3 420 4 382 5 410 6 432 7 380 8 420 (Points : 3) 407.3 422.8 380.22 410.66 (TCO 5) What is the third step in building a house of quality? (Points : 3) Relate customer wants to product hows. Develop importance ratings. Evaluate competing products. Determine how our goods and services will satisfy our customers. Identify customer wants. (TCO 6) Which of the following is not true regarding computer-aided design (CAD)? (Points : 3) It is not expensive to use in most manufacturing and design settings. It is a newer technology and is in significant use. It results in longer development cycles for virtually all products. It is the use of computers to interactively design products and prepare engineering documentation. (TCO 7) In which stage of the product life cycle does product development take place? (Points : 3) Introduction Growth Maturity Decline (TCO 7) A product’s life cycle is divided into four stages, which are _____. (Points : 3) Maturity, decline, introduction, and growth Introduction, growth, stability, and decline Introduction, maturity, saturation, and decline Introduction, growth, maturity, and decide None of the above (TCO 7) Which of the following helps to keep production running when small variations in production or assembly occur? (Points : 3) Modular design Value engineering Value analysis Robust design PLM (TCO 5) In time series, which of the following cannot be predicted? (Points : 3) Random variations “blips” Technological trends Seasonal fluctuations Regular fluctuations Large decreases in demand (TCO 6) Which of these statements best describes computer-aided design (CAD)? (Points : 3) It is the interactive use of computers to design a product and prepare engineering documentation. The use of special computer programs to direct and control manufacturing equipment. It is the ability to depict objects in three-dimensional form. It is a visual form of communication in which images substitute for the real thing. GSCM 206 Quiz Week 3 DeVry

(TCO 3) According to the ASQ-based definition of quality, _____. Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs Quality depends on how well the product fits patterns of consumer preferences, and even though quality cannot be defined, you know what it is Quality is the degree to which a specific element conforms to standards Quality lies in the eyes of the beholder (TCO 3) Companies with the highest levels of quality are almost how many times more productive than their competitors with the lowest quality levels? Two Three Four Five None of the above; quality has no impact on productivity (units/labor hour). (TCO 3) Which of the following is not one of the major categories of costs associated with quality? Fluctuating costs Appraisal costs Internal failures External costs None of the above; all of these are major categories associated with the cost of quality. (TCO 8) An example of product-focused processes produce _____. Projects and job shops Commercial baked good, steel, and beer Automobiles and home appliances Computers (TCO 3) Training and quality improvement programs are examples of _____. Internal costs External costs Costs of dissatisfaction Prevention costs Societal costs (TCO 3) Pareto charts are _____. A way of organizing errors, problems, or defects A graphical way to identify processes Used to indicate which p may yield the least payoff All of the above (TCO 8) Which one of the following products is most likely made in a job shop environment? Automobiles Graphite pencils Television sets Cigarettes None of the above (TCO 8) Strategies for improving productivity in services include _____. Separation, self-check, automation, and scheduling Lean production, strategy-driven investments, automation, and process focus Reduce inventory, reduce waste, reduce inspection, and reduce rework Separation, postponement, automation, and training (TCO 8) Service blueprinting _____. Provides the basis to negotiate prices with suppliers Mimics the way people communicate Determines the best time for each step in the process Focuses on the provider’s interaction with the customer Can only be successful with two-dimensional processes (TCO 8) What is a system using an automated work cell controlled by electronic signals from a common centralized computer facility? Adaptive control system Robotics Fast manufacturing system Automatic guided vehicle (AGV) system Flexible manufacturing system GSCM 206 Quiz Week 4 DeVry

(TCO 8) ABC Motors, Inc. wants to increase capacity by adding another wheel balancer. The fixed costs for the machine are $16,000, and its variable cost is $4.50 per unit. ABC charges $8.50 to balance one wheel, the break-even point for the balancer. What is her break-even point in units? 250 wheels 1,600 wheels 3,000 wheels 4,000 wheels (TCO 9) A full-service restaurant is considering opening a new facility in a specific city. The table below shows its ratings of four factors at each of two potential sites. Factor Weight Midtown Bayside Affluence of local population .30 40 40 Traffic flow .10 50 20 Parking availability .40 30 40 Growth potential .20 20 10 The score for Midtown is _____ and the score for Bayside is _____. Midtown = 7; Bayside = 8 Midtown = 30; Bayside = 29 Midtown = 30; Bayside = 45 Midtown = 33; Bayside = 32 (TCO 8) A bakery has a design capacity to bake 250 loaves of bread a day. However, because of scheduled maintenance of their equipment, management feels that they can bake 100 loaves a day. Yesterday the gas was turned off while the city was repairing a leak and only eight loaves where baked. What is the utilization of the ovens yesterday? 5% 3% 2.5% 3.2% (TCO 8) ABC Cleaners’ washing machines have a design capacity of 2,800 pounds a day. Because of scheduled maintenance of their equipment, management feels that only 2,600 pounds of clothes can be washed in a day. Yesterday, three employees were sick and only 1,900 pounds of clothes were washed. What was the efficiency of the washing machine yesterday? 120% 73% 80.8% 107% (TCO 8) Which of the following costs would not be incurred even if no units are produced? Raw material costs Direct labor costs Transportation costs Building rental costs Raw material costs, direct labor costs, and transportation costs (TCO 8) Fixed costs are Costs that vary with volume of units produced. The difference between the selling price and variable costs. Not a part of the break-even analysis. Costs that do not continue even if no units are produced. None of the above (TCO 9) Which of these factors would be considered when making a location decision at the site level? Government rules, attitudes, stability, and incentives Cultural and economic issues Market regulations Cost and availability of utilities None of the above (TCO 9) When making a location decision at the site level, which of these would be considered? Corporate desires Land/construction costs Air, rail, highway, and waterway systems Attractiveness of region Location of markets (TCO 9) Evaluating location alternatives by comparing their composite (weighted-average) scores involves A cost-volume analysis. A transportation model analysis. A linear regression analysis. A crossover analysis. None of the above (TCO 8) An operation that is the limiting factor or constraint is called a _____. Drum, buffer, rope Bottleneck Throughput Capacity GSCM 206 Quiz Week 5 DeVry

(TCO 3) In the make-or-buy decision, one of the reasons for “buying” is To utilize internal capacity. To lower acquisition of new products. To obtain desired quality. To remove supplier collusion. None of the above (TCO 2) In the make-or-buy decision, one of the reasons for buying is To ensure adequate supply. To obtain desired quality. To remove supplier collusion. Adequate capacity. None of the above (TCO 3) Which of the following is a component of negotiation strategies? Invoice-less bidding Cost-based price model Market-based price model Competitive bidding Cost-based price model, market-based price model, and competitive bidding (TCO 2) The three classic types of negotiation strategies are Vendor evaluation, vendor development, and vendor selection. Competitive bidding, market-based price model, and cost-based price model. Many suppliers, few suppliers, and keiretsu. Cost-based price model, market-based price model, and inventory-based. (TCO 2) Long-term partnering with a few suppliers is a supply-chain strategy that creates value by allowing suppliers to Become part of a company coalition. Enjoy the economies of scale. Become vertically integrated. Negotiate with many suppliers. (TCO 3) In the make-or-buy decision, which of the following is a reason for making an item? Management focus on its primary business To ensure an adequate supply in terms of quantity Inadequate capacity Reduce inventory costs (TCO 3) What theory states that you should allow another firm to perform work activities for your company if that company can do it more productively than you can? Theory of competitive advantage Theory of core competencies Theory of comparative advantage Theory of outsourcing Theory of offshoring (TCO 3) This process occurs when business activity returns to the original country. Backsourcing Reshoring Homesourcing Nearshoring (TCO 2) Which of the following is not a concern of the supply chain? Warehousing and inventory levels Credit and cash transfers Suppliers Distributors and banks Maintenance scheduling (TCO 2) Keeping a product generic as long as possible before customizing is known as Postponement. Keiretsu. Vendor-managed inventory. Forward integration. Backward integration. GSCM 206 Quiz Week 6 DeVry

(TCO 11) All of the following statements about ABC analysis are true except (Points : 3) Inventory may be categorized by measures other than dollar volume. It is an application of the Pareto principle. It states that all items require the same degree of control. It states that there are the critical few and the trivial many inventory items. (TCO 11) Which of the following statements regarding control of service inventories is true? (Points : 3) Service inventory is a fictional concept, because services are intangible. Service inventory needs no safety stock, because there’s no such thing as a service stockout. Effective control of all goods leaving the facility is one applicable technique. Service inventory has carrying costs but no setup costs. Good personnel selection, training, and discipline are easy. (TCO 11) Which of the following is not an assumption of the economic order quantity model shown below? Q* = (Points : 3) Demand is known, constant, and independent. Lead time is known and constant. Quantity discounts are not possible. Production and use can occur simultaneously. The only variable costs are setup cost and holding (or carrying) cost. (TCO 11) A certain type of computer costs $1,000, and the annual holding cost is 25%. Annual demand is 10,000 units, and the order cost is $150 per order. What is the approximate economic order quantity? (Points : 3) 16 70 110 183 600 (TCO 11) Demand for a given item is said to be dependent if (Points : 3) It originates from the external customer. There is a deep bill of material. The finished products are mostly services (rather than goods). There is a clearly identifiable parent. The item has several children. (TCO 10) Dependent demand and independent demand items differ in that (Points : 3) For any product, all components are dependent-demand items. The need for independent-demand items is forecast. The need for dependent-demand items is calculated. All of the above None of the above (TCO 10) A master production schedule specifies (Points : 3) The raw materials required to complete the product. What component is to be made and when. What product is to be made and when. The labor hours required for production. The financial resources required for production. (TCO 10) In job shop (make-to-order) operations, the master production schedule is usually expressed in (Points : 3) end items. Modules Kits Customer orders Warehouse orders (TCO 10) A bill of material lists the (Points : 3) Times needed to perform all phases of production. Production schedules for all products. Components, ingredients, and materials required to produce an item. Operations required to produce an item. Components, ingredients, materials, and assembly operations required to produce an item. (TCO 10) Which of the following statements best compares modular bills and phantom bills? (Points : 3) Both pertain to assemblies that are not inventoried. There is no difference between the two. Both pertain to assemblies that are inventoried. Modular bills are used for assemblies that are not inventoried, unlike phantom bills. Modular bills represent subassemblies that actually exist and are inventoried, but phantom bills represent subassemblies that exist only temporarily and are not inventoried. GSCM 206 Quiz Week 7 DeVry

(TCO 3) Which of the following is not generally found in JIT environments? (Points : 3) Push systems Low amounts of waste in the form of time and production waste Very small amount of variability Low inventory stockpiles (TCO 3) In JIT partnerships, suppliers have several concerns. Which of the following are concerns? (Points : 3) Diversification Poor customer scheduling Customers’ infrequent engineering changes small lot sizes Producing high enough quality levels All of the above (TCO 3) Which of the following is a goal of JIT partnerships? (Points : 3) Reduce inventory and variability Increase variability Increase in-transit inventory Elimination of engineering changes (TCO 3) Which one of the following is not a layout tactic in a JIT environment? (Points : 3) Work cells for families of products Cross training of workers Maximizing distance Poka-yoke devices (TCO 3) Kanban is associated with all of the following except (Points : 3) Slack in schedules. Reducing setup time. Pull systems. Signaling when it is time for the next batch. (TCO 3) Which of the following is generally found in most JIT environments? (Points : 3) A push or pull system, depending upon the rate of demand A push system for high margin items and a pull system for low margin items A push system for purchased parts and a pull system for manufactured parts Push systems Pull systems (TCO 3) What does TPS stand for? (Points : 3) Total Production Streamlining Toyota Production System Taguchi’s Production S’s Total Process Simplification None of the above (TCO 3) What is the time required to move orders through the production process from receipt to delivery? (Points : 3) Throughput Manufacturing cycle time Pull time Push time Queuing time (TCO 3) Throughput measures the time (Points : 3) That it takes to process one unit at a station. Between the arrival of raw materials and the shipping of finished products. To produce one whole product through an empty system (i.e., with no waiting). Required to move orders through the production process, from receipt to delivery. None of the above (TCO 3) Concerning relationships with suppliers, which of the following combinations is critical to the success of JIT? (Points : 3) Close relationships with trust Close relationships with skepticism Distant relationships with trust Distant relationships with skepticism None of the above GSCM 206 Discussions Week 1-7 All Posts 494 Pages DeVry

GSCM 206 Operations and Productivity and Operations Strategy in a Global Environment Discussions Week 1 All Posts 70 Pages DeVry

GSCM 206 Operations and Productivity Discussions 1 Week 1 All Posts 35 Pages DeVry

What is operations and supply chain management? What career opportunities would you be interested in pursuing in the field of operations and supply chain management? Now that we have defined operations and supply chain management, explain three different ways that a firm can utilize operations and supply chain management as a competitive advantage. Describe how well your present organization practices this concept and please provide examples. Students who are not working please select a company that you might be interested in working for in the future… GSCM 206 Operations Strategy in a Global Environment Discussions 2 Week 1 All Posts 35 Pages DeVry

How do operations and supply chain processes provide a competitive advantage in the global arena? How is a firm’s mission related to its strategy? In your own words, define mission and strategy. Select a well-known organization, or share a personal example, and describe how the purpose of having a mission and strategy are demonstrated in an organization. Find a mission statement on line and list and explain why you think it’s either a well design or poorly design statement. Try to stay away from the big companies that we already know about like Google, Apple GM, McDonalds, etc… GSCM 206 Forecasting and Design of Goods and Services Discussions Week 2 All Posts 70 Pages DeVry

GSCM 206 Forecasting Discussions 1 Week 2 All Posts 34 Pages DeVry

How can forecasting improve your operations and supply chain processes? What are the differences between independent and dependent demand?… GSCM 206 Design of Goods and Services Discussions 2 Week 2 All Posts 36 Pages DeVry

How important are the product design and the voice of the customer? How important are the product design and the voice of the customer during a new product development? What is the impact of the product life cycle on managing the supply chain?… GSCM 206 Managing Quality and Process Strategy Discussions Week 3 All Posts 77 Pages DeVry

GSCM 206 Managing Quality Discussions 1 Week 3 All Posts 37 Pages DeVry

Identify management’s role in linking operations and supply chain processes with quality improvement. Identify how improving quality can lead to reduced costs. companies with the highest level of quality are almost 5 times as productive as their competitors with the lowest quality product. Even though the organization may face an initial cost to gain high-quality; the costs are reduced by being more productive. The Japanese use a word that describes an on-going and unending process improvement that the U.S. has begun using as well. What is this word?… GSCM 206 Process Strategy Discussions 2 Week 3 All Posts 40 Pages DeVry

Consider the different process strategies and technologies to improve effective and efficient operations. What are the many advantages and disadvantages in using process strategies? Changing your process can be very costly, however, there may come a time when your organization will have to change the process. When does it makes sense for your company to make these changes?… GSCM 206 Capacity and Constraint Management and Location Strategies Discussions Week 4 All Posts 70 Pages DeVry

GSCM 206 Capacity and Constraint Management Discussions 1 Week 4 All Posts 36 Pages DeVry

Describe the concept of capacity and how managing capacity can improve operations and the supply chain flow of goods and services. In operations and supply chain management, many people like to use complex definitions to sometimes impress others. When you think about most of the definitions we already covered in this course; they are quite easy to understand. Can you think of other terms given to Capacity and Constraint Management that businesses use? What is the TOC concept that is used by Operation Managers (OM’s) to manage bottlenecks in an operation?… GSCM 206 Location Strategies Discussions 2 Week 4 All Posts 34 Pages DeVry

Identify the many factors that affect decisions on location. Identify the many factors that affect decisions on a firm’s location strategy. Why is it important for a firm to have a location strategy? A location decision for an appliance manufacturer would tend to be cost focused; and not education focused, labor focused, revenue focused, or environmentally focused. Why is this? Locating closer to suppliers is becoming more important due to raising fuel and transportation costs. In our local area many of the grocery chains would source their organic products from the West Coast but due to the raising transportation costs many are encouraging more people to start local farming. For example, just in the last ten years we had only a handful of blueberry farms in Florida. Now it’s in the hundreds and climbing. Within your local area, have you seen other industries that are sourcing product closer to home?… GSCM 206 Supply Chain Management and Outsourcing Discussions Week 5 All Posts 73 Pages DeVry

GSCM 206 Supply Chain Management Discussions 1 Week 5 All Posts 38 Pages DeVry

Identify the critical role of effective and efficient supply chains and how operations personnel need to plan, organize, and develop the right strategies and processes. Within your organization, how many suppliers do you have? As you can see, it takes a lot of work to keep a continuous flow of money, information and goods. Having fewer suppliers is not a concern of the supply chain. Why is this?… GSCM 206 Outsourcing Discussions 2 Week 5 All Posts 35 Pages DeVry

When considering a company’s ability to make or buy products or services, what are the risks and benefits of each strategy? The term outsourcing brings a lot of emotion out of people. What is your personal opinion about outsourcing globally? Do you think it’s necessary in this global environment? Why or why not? Lots of organizations have tried and failed in attempting to outsource product and services to other counties. What they did not realize was it take a considerable amount of time and resources to resolve many problems that can occur. The larger firms have experience with more success, because they have the additional funding and resources to solve these issues but many times the smaller firms cannot absorbed the additional funding. What types of problems do you see an organization running into when outsourcing?… GSCM 206 Inventory Management and Materials Requirements Planning and ERP Discussions Week 6 All Posts 68Pages DeVry

GSCM 206 Inventory Management Discussions 1 Week 6 All Posts 35 Pages DeVry

Identify the critical role of inventory management for balancing the investment costs with customer service. Identify and describe the four types of inventory. Companies often times use what we call a “pull” system to control and reduce inventory. What is the difference between a “push” and a “pull” system? If we do not have any “inconsistencies” in inventory management can we eliminate safety stock? Why or why not?… GSCM 206 Materials Requirements Planning and ERP Discussions 2 Week 6 All Posts 33 Pages DeVry

Consider the planning process and structure for developing a master production schedule (MPS) and materials requirements planning (MRP). Identify the advances and integration effects of ERP. Has anyone ever participated in a physical count of inventory? If so, how long did it take? Material Requirement Planning systems are only as good as the information that is imputed into them. If you input wrong information (such as wrong inventory counts), you’re going to get wrong information back. When this happens, items that are sold are no longer in-stock; even though the system shows it’s available. To help solve this problem, many companies use Cycle Counting. What is Cycle Counting and what is the advantages of using it? Define what the Bill of Material is?… GSCM 206 JIT and Lean Operations Discussions Week 7 All Posts 66 Pages DeVry

GSCM 206 JIT Discussions 1 Week 7 All Posts 31 Pages DeVry

Identify the approaches and methods of continuous improvement and force problem solving. What sort of problems would companies incur using an “after the fact” method? What is the difference between JIT, Toyota Production Systems (TPS), and lean operations? The JIT environments within an organization produce low amounts of waste in the form of time and production, have a very small amount of variability, and have low inventory stock-piles. If you recall from previous chapters, why wouldn’t a push system generally not be found within a JIT environment?… GSCM 206 Lean Operations Discussions 2 Week 7 All Posts 35 Pages DeVry

What are the three basic principles of lean systems, and how do they support each other in achieving lean-system goals? What is JIT and Lean? List at least two sources of waste. How does waste negatively impact supply chains? In lean systems, there are seven wastes in total. What are they?… GSCM 206 Final Exam DeVry

(TCO 7) Which of the following helps operations managers focus on the critical few and not the trivial many? (Points : 10) Value analysis Value engineering Financial analysis Product-by-value analysis Product cost justification (TCO 8) A job shop is an example of a(n) _____. (Points : 10) Repetitive process Continuous process Line process Flow process None of the above (TCO 1) Which of the following is not a current trend in operations management? (Points : 10) Overtime performance Global focus Supply chain partnering Mass customization All of the above (TCO 11) Which of the following best describes vertical integration? (Points : 10) Buying a supplier or a distributor To develop the ability to produce products that complement the original product To sell goods or services previously purchased To develop the ability to produce the specified good more efficiently than before (TCO 2) A strategy is _____. (Points : 10) How an organization expects to achieve its mission A broad statement of purpose A simulation used to test various product line options A plan for cost reduction An action items to achieve the vision (TCO 2) Which of the following activities takes place once the mission has been developed? (Points : 10) The firm develops alternative or back-up missions in case the original mission fails. The functional areas develop their functional area strategies. The functional areas develop their supporting missions. The 10 OM decision areas are prioritized. Operational tactics are developed. (TCO 2) According to the authors, what are the three key strategic concepts that allow firms to achieve their missions? (Points : 10) Productivity, efficiency, and quality leadership Differentiation, cost leadership, and quick response Differentiation, quality leadership, and quick response Distinctive competency, cost leadership, and experience (TCO 3) The philosophy of kanban is _____. (Points : 10) To move parts via a pull system Unrealistic Prohibitively costly An ultimate goal; in practice, 1 to 2% defects is acceptable Consistent with the commitment to continuous improvement (TCO 3) The use of information technology to monitor and control a physical process is known as _____. (Points : 10) Computer-aided design Vision systems Robots Process control (TCO 6) Which of the following typically shows the components, their descriptions, and the quantity of each required to make one unit of a product?(Points : 10) An engineering drawing A route sheet A bill of material A work order (TCO 5) Weekly sales of 10-grain bread at the local Whole Foods Market are in the table below. Based on this data, forecast Week 9 using a 3-week moving average. Week Sales 1 415 2 389 3 420 4 382 5 410 6 448 7 395 8 425 (Points : 10) 407.3 422.66 380.22 414.8 (TCO 5) Favors Distribution Company purchases small imported trinkets in bulk, packages them, and sells them to retail stores. In February, the company predicted they would sell 10,000 trinkets. Their sales for February were 9,000 trinkets. Using a smoothing constant of an alpha of 0.3, the sales manager wants to forecast March sales using exponential smoothing. (Points : 10) 9,700 trinkets 9,800 trinkets 9,500 trinkets 10,200 trinkets (TCO 8) The Clothes Factory wants to increase capacity by adding a new sewing machine. The fixed costs for machine A are $2,000, and its variable cost is $3 per unit. The revenue is $5 per unit. The break-even point for the sewing machine is _____. (Points : 10) 200 units 600 units 1,000 units 1,500 units (TCO 9) A truck stop is considering opening a new facility on the Interstate. The table below shows its ratings of four factors at each of two potential sites. Factor Weight Gary Mall Belt Line Affluence of local population .20 30 30 Traffic Flow .40 50 20 Parking availability .20 40 30 Growth potential .20 10 30 Using the factory rating method, the score for Gary Mall is _____ and the score for Belt Line is ______. (Points : 10) Gary Mall = 34; Belt Line = 28 Gary Mall = 36; Belt Line = 26 Gary Mall = 22; Belt Line = 33 Gary Mall = 19; Belt Line = 24 (TCO 4) Gibson Valves produces cast bronze valves on an assembly line, currently producing 2,000 valves each 8-hour shift. If the productivity is increased by 10%, Gibson would be producing _____. (Points : 10) 180 valves/hr 200 valves/hr 220 valves/hr 275 valves/hr 1,760 valves/hr (TCO 8) ABC Cleaners washing machines have a design capacity of 2,800 pounds a day. Because of scheduled maintenance of their equipment, management feels that only 2,700 pounds of clothes can be washed in a day. Yesterday three employees were sick and only 2,100 pounds of clothes were washed. What is the efficiency of the washing machine yesterday? (Points : 10) 120% 40% 80.8% 77.77% TCO 11) An insecticide distributor has a demand for 15,000 bags of insecticides per year. This company operates 300 days per year. On average, it takes 5 working days to receive an order from their supplier. What is the reorder point? (Points : 10) (TCO 10) The MPS calls for 50 units of Product A and 60 of B. There are currently 35 of Product B on hand. Each A requires two of Part C; each B requires five of C. There are 160 units of C available. (a) Calculate the net requirements for B. (b) Calculate the gross requirements for C. (c) Calculate the net requirements for C. (Points : 10) (TCO 8) A product is currently made in a process-focused shop where fixed costs are $9,000 per year and variable cost is $50 per unit. The firm is considering a fundamental shift in process to repetitive manufacture. The new process would have fixed costs of $90,000 and variable costs of $5. What is the crossover point for these processes? For what range of outputs is each process appropriate? (Points : 10) (TCO 7) Explain the concepts of the product life cycle and identify the four phases of the product development cycle. Make sure you define the strategies used in each phase. (Points : 34)

(TCO 2) Describe core competencies and their relationship to operations management. Please provide an example for a manufacturing environment and a service environment. (Points : 33)

(TCO 3) Define e-procurement and its importance to operations management. Identify three processes that firms can benefit from utilizing e-procurement.(Points : 33)