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talenlee · 1 year ago

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Gdcn't #1 — Understanding Others

This week, from the 18th to the 22nd of March, it’s the Game Developer’s Conference. This is an event in which Game Developers from across the industry give talks and presentations on what they do and how they do it to their peer group. In honour of this, I’m presenting articles this week that seek to summarise and explain some academic concepts from my own readings to a general audience. In deference to my supervisor, I am also trying to avoid writing with italics in these articles outside of titles and cites.

There’s an association with academic reading that fundamentally, academic writing and thinking is about a disconnected experience of reality that is explicitly not practical or realistic. ‘An Academic Point’ is a term we use to describe a thing that isn’t connected to any kind of realistic experience. I want however to talk to you about an idea from academia that gave me words to describe something I found important for living my life and being a better person. It’s an idea, it’s a tool, it’s a pitfall, and it is, importantly, a story.

It is a story that starts with the technique I use in my research called ‘autoethnography.’

What I do, generally speaking, is work with the academic toolset of autoethnography.

Autoethnography is a process of engaging with an experience, recording that experience somehow, then academically and critically engaging with the recording of that experience. I like to point to a number of forms this takes in general media – movie and game reviews, for example, are autoethnographic texts, where the experience of the reviewer is shared to an audience in a way that seeks to make that opinion a thing people can meaningfully engage with. Autoethnography is powerful for giving writers a way to share individual experiences that are not necessarily in forms that research can conventionally access. Quantitative research is very good at reducing averages and statistical trends out of large sets of data, with larger and larger sets of data being able to have more and more confidence – but how does that toolset handle addressing information that has happened to small numbers of people, and with access to an even smaller number of those people?

I like autoethnography and I like a lot of the researchers who use autoethnography. This is partly because they bring the tool to bear on ideas like the experience of being a closeted queer person or the emotional challenges of being an adopted parent. Partly it’s because it is a form of research that strives to respect the writer as part of the writing, and therefore what they experience and who they are is worth sharing and explaining. You know a little bit about me, hypothetically,

Autoethnography is — well, autoethnography is new. It’s also very old. The term autoethnography has been considered an academically useful term with a specific meaning since 2004, but prior to that its use is ambiguated by the people who were using it. Autoethnography isn’t a recent field, really, nor is it a recent word. If you want to point to the time in history where it first gets coined in the terms of the specific process of academic writing I’m doing, you look at the work of Carolyn Ellis, along with her cohort of fellow storytellers and meaningmakers, in the book Autoethnography: Understanding Qualitative Research, 2015. By this timeline, Autoethnography is an academic discipline younger than Shrek 2.

If you want to step back through the timeline there are earlier works from other cultural writers talking about the idea of autoethnography, but not in those words. Ethnography, the study of culture, is something we’ve been doing for a long time, and by ‘a long time’ I mean ‘pith helmet and shooting people’ times. Autoethnography is an attempt to do this kind of cultural analysis that’s aware of the non-objective nature of the ethnographer. This idea that ethnography is not object is the result of numerous critics of the form, but one critic I want to highlight is a man who is responsible for coining the phrase key to this whole story.

Let’s call him Dwight, for now, because, y’know, that’s his name.

Dwight is responsible for writing the essay I Am A Shaman: A Hmong Life Story With Ethnographic Commentary (1986). I’ve not the text on hand, but that’s not too important here. The important thing is that with the title ‘I Am A Shaman’ the writer positions himself in the middle of the story of Hmong shamanism, set in the context of Hmong refuees in the Ban Vinai Refugee Camp in northern Thailand. Dwight came from Thunder Bay, in Canada, and spent years in this research becoming part of the community, approaching it authentically, and bringing what he could understand from the community in his research. This set something of a trend for this guy – he also worked researching the Chicago tenements, known as ‘Little Beirut,’ and then worked on American attitudes towards the death penalty. Generally speaking, I understand Dwight’s work to be well-regarded, respectful, but also, importantly, deeply involved in the communities he was researching.

In his work, Dwight describes four attitudes towards the other that are problems when writing about culture. He describes them as:

The Custodian’s Ripoff. This is when a researcher appropriates cultural traditions in order to enhance their own projects. Imagine a museum curator who wants something interesting to build their repertoire of artifacts.

The Enthusiast’s Infatuation. This is when a researcher is really into a superficial impression of the culture, which means they tend to ignore the differences between themselves and the other, and speak for them in ways that don’t appreciate the depth of meaning there. It’s fanboying for the culture you’re researching, as it were.

The Curator’s Exhibitionism. This is when a researcher is trying to sensationalise and astonish with what they report, wanting to show the exotic, the primitive, and the culturally remote.

The Skeptic’s Cop-Out. This is when the researcher just gives up and becomes detached from the research, suggesting it’s impossible to learn about, nor perform, as persons who are different from us.

It’s this last one that stands out to me. The Skeptic’s Cop-Out. The idea that while trying to learn about something, you find it too hard to find your own emotional connection with it, you find it too difficult to imagine being another person or a person of another perspective, and just give up and assert nihilistically that these things are impossible. This is a perspective you might see a lot in your everyday, with ‘I just don’t get it’ responses to queer ideas from non-queer spaces. There’s a cousin to it, too, in those queer spaces – you know, ‘cis people can never understand.’

Don’t take this the wrong way, by the way: People saying stuff like ‘cis people can never understand’ are probably basing that on some pretty meaningful personal experiences about not being understood by cis people. That doesn’t mean they’re right though.

I write about trans and gender issues pretty regularly. This isn’t because I am trans and have gender issues — it’s partly because I find them interesting, and I find the way they get talked about rarely intersect with the things about them that I engage with. For me, how to represent a trans character in a game matters a lot – no trans people are going to ask me how to expresss their being themselves in their lives, and nor should they. This got to a point where, a few years ago, someone asked me why I bothered to talk about it so much, because why would I if I wasn’t part of the community? Was it my place?

This is one of the first times I apparently made it clear that I’m bisexual in any space online, because I felt like I was being asked to show my queer papers. It was an unpleasant experience, but it came with it an unstated and slightly sad assumption I could see in the shape of the question:

Why would you try and understand or relate to trans people this thoroughly, if you weren’t one of them?

And that’s messed up, right? That’s a deeply sad assumption to have to deal with in your everyday life? Trans people aren’t the Black Speech or the Pattern Screamers, they’re not something where understanding them poisons your mind. They’re people. They have their own jokes about hoodies and salt licks and bananas just in the same way that tiktokkers have their own jokes about air friers and gotta-hand-it-toing Osama Bin Laden. They are people who have a cultural experience and that cultural experience has both shared signifiers (being trans) and they have unrelated experiences (most of everything in their lives that isn’t part of being trans).

I think as long as people are sharing information about who they are, that is information you can engage with. You can listen and you can ask and you can, if you are willing to, come to recognise why things are the way they are, because none of this is being built out of a magical, or spiritual perspective on reality. You don’t have to feel a thing to understand when someone else tells you how they feel. All it takes is being willing to listen to the people, remember what you’re told, and treat the telling with respect.

Here’s the big thing that sticks in my brain, that makes this list so easy to bring to mind, because it’s such a weird detail. Dwight, the guy who had these really serious thoughts about access to critical and ethical spaces, this guy who wanted us to think about who we were and how we can, if we are willing to try understand one another on a deeper level than these, had the name Dwight Conquergood.

Check it out on PRESS.exe to see it with images and links!

#Academia

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juliebowie · 11 months ago

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Understanding Different Types of Variables in Statistical Analysis

Summary: This blog delves into the types of variables in statistical analysis, including quantitative (continuous and discrete) and qualitative (nominal and ordinal). Understanding these variables is critical for practical data interpretation and statistical analysis.

Introduction

Statistical analysis is crucial in research and data interpretation, providing insights that guide decision-making and uncover trends. By analysing data systematically, researchers can draw meaningful conclusions and validate hypotheses.

Understanding the types of variables in statistical analysis is essential for accurate data interpretation. Variables representing different data aspects play a crucial role in shaping statistical results.

This blog aims to explore the various types of variables in statistical analysis, explaining their definitions and applications to enhance your grasp of how they influence data analysis and research outcomes.

What is Statistical Analysis?

Statistical analysis involves applying mathematical techniques to understand, interpret, and summarise data. It transforms raw data into meaningful insights by identifying patterns, trends, and relationships. The primary purpose is to make informed decisions based on data, whether for academic research, business strategy, or policy-making.

How Statistical Analysis Helps in Drawing Conclusions

Statistical analysis aids in concluding by providing a structured approach to data examination. It involves summarising data through measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and variability (range, variance, standard deviation). By using these summaries, analysts can detect trends and anomalies.

More advanced techniques, such as hypothesis testing and regression analysis, help make predictions and determine the relationships between variables. These insights allow decision-makers to base their actions on empirical evidence rather than intuition.

Types of Statistical Analyses

Analysts can effectively interpret data, support their findings with evidence, and make well-informed decisions by employing both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Descriptive Statistics: This type focuses on summarising and describing the features of a dataset. Techniques include calculating averages and percentages and crating visual representations like charts and graphs. Descriptive statistics provide a snapshot of the data, making it easier to understand and communicate.

Inferential Statistics: Inferential analysis goes beyond summarisation to make predictions or generalisations about a population based on a sample. It includes hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and regression analysis. This type of analysis helps conclude a broader context from the data collected from a smaller subset.

What are Variables in Statistical Analysis?

In statistical analysis, a variable represents a characteristic or attribute that can take on different values. Variables are the foundation for collecting and analysing data, allowing researchers to quantify and examine various study aspects. They are essential components in research, as they help identify patterns, relationships, and trends within the data.

How Variables Represent Data

Variables act as placeholders for data points and can be used to measure different aspects of a study. For instance, variables might include test scores, study hours, and socioeconomic status in a survey of student performance.

Researchers can systematically analyse how different factors influence outcomes by assigning numerical or categorical values to these variables. This process involves collecting data, organising it, and then applying statistical techniques to draw meaningful conclusions.

Importance of Understanding Variables

Understanding variables is crucial for accurate data analysis and interpretation. Continuous, discrete, nominal, and ordinal variables affect how data is analysed and interpreted. For example, continuous variables like height or weight can be measured precisely. In contrast, nominal variables like gender or ethnicity categorise data without implying order.

Researchers can apply appropriate statistical methods and avoid misleading results by correctly identifying and using variables. Accurate analysis hinges on a clear grasp of variable types and their roles in the research process, interpreting data more reliable and actionable.

Types of Variables in Statistical Analysis

Understanding the different types of variables in statistical analysis is crucial for practical data interpretation and decision-making. Variables are characteristics or attributes that researchers measure and analyse to uncover patterns, relationships, and insights. These variables can be broadly categorised into quantitative and qualitative types, each with distinct characteristics and significance.

Quantitative Variables

Quantitative variables represent measurable quantities and can be expressed numerically. They allow researchers to perform mathematical operations and statistical analyses to derive insights.

Continuous Variables

Continuous variables can take on infinite values within a given range. These variables can be measured precisely, and their values are not limited to specific discrete points.

Examples of continuous variables include height, weight, temperature, and time. For instance, a person's height can be measured with varying degrees of precision, from centimetres to millimetres, and it can fall anywhere within a specific range.

Continuous variables are crucial for analyses that require detailed and precise measurement. They enable researchers to conduct a wide range of statistical tests, such as calculating averages and standard deviations and performing regression analyses. The granularity of continuous variables allows for nuanced insights and more accurate predictions.

Discrete Variables

Discrete variables can only take on separate values. Unlike continuous variables, discrete variables cannot be subdivided into finer increments and are often counted rather than measured.

Examples of discrete variables include the number of students in a class, the number of cars in a parking lot, and the number of errors in a software application. For instance, you can count 15 students in a class, but you cannot have 15.5 students.

Discrete variables are essential when counting or categorising is required. They are often used in frequency distributions and categorical data analysis. Statistical methods for discrete variables include chi-square tests and Poisson regression, which are valuable for analysing count-based data and understanding categorical outcomes.

Qualitative Variables

Qualitative or categorical variables describe characteristics or attributes that cannot be measured numerically but can be classified into categories.

Nominal Variables

Nominal variables categorise data without inherent order or ranking. These variables represent different categories or groups that are mutually exclusive and do not have a natural sequence.

Examples of nominal variables include gender, ethnicity, and blood type. For instance, gender can be classified as male, female, and non-binary. However, there is no inherent ranking between these categories.

Nominal variables classify data into distinct groups and are crucial for categorical data analysis. Statistical techniques like frequency tables, bar charts, and chi-square tests are commonly employed to analyse nominal variables. Understanding nominal variables helps researchers identify patterns and trends across different categories.

Ordinal Variables

Ordinal variables represent categories with a meaningful order or ranking, but the differences between the categories are not necessarily uniform or quantifiable. These variables provide information about the relative position of categories.

Examples of ordinal variables include education level (e.g., high school, bachelor's degree, master's degree) and customer satisfaction ratings (e.g., poor, fair, good, excellent). The categories have a specific order in these cases, but the exact distance between the ranks is not defined.

Ordinal variables are essential for analysing data where the order of categories matters, but the precise differences between categories are unknown. Researchers use ordinal scales to measure attitudes, preferences, and rankings. Statistical techniques such as median, percentiles, and ordinal logistic regression are employed to analyse ordinal data and understand the relative positioning of categories.

Comparison Between Quantitative and Qualitative Variables

Quantitative and qualitative variables serve different purposes and are analysed using distinct methods. Understanding their differences is essential for choosing the appropriate statistical techniques and drawing accurate conclusions.

Measurement: Quantitative variables are measured numerically and can be subjected to arithmetic operations, whereas qualitative variables are classified without numerical measurement.

Analysis Techniques: Quantitative variables are analysed using statistical methods like mean, standard deviation, and regression analysis, while qualitative variables are analysed using frequency distributions, chi-square tests, and non-parametric techniques.

Data Representation: Continuous and discrete variables are often represented using histograms, scatter plots, and box plots. Nominal and ordinal variables are defined using bar charts, pie charts, and frequency tables.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main types of variables in statistical analysis?

The main variables in statistical analysis are quantitative (continuous and discrete) and qualitative (nominal and ordinal). Quantitative variables involve measurable data, while qualitative variables categorise data without numerical measurement.

How do continuous and discrete variables differ?

Continuous variables can take infinite values within a range and are measured precisely, such as height or temperature. Discrete variables, like the number of students, can only take specific, countable values and are not subdivisible.

What are nominal and ordinal variables in statistical analysis?

Nominal variables categorise data into distinct groups without any inherent order, like gender or blood type. Ordinal variables involve categories with a meaningful order but unequal intervals, such as education levels or satisfaction ratings.

Conclusion

Understanding the types of variables in statistical analysis is crucial for accurate data interpretation. By distinguishing between quantitative variables (continuous and discrete) and qualitative variables (nominal and ordinal), researchers can select appropriate statistical methods and draw valid conclusions. This clarity enhances the quality and reliability of data-driven insights.

#Understanding Different Types of Variables in Statistical Analysis #Variables in Statistical Analysis #Statistical Analysis #statistics #data science

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elsa16744 · 1 year ago

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Enterprises Explore These Advanced Analytics Use Cases

Businesses want to use data-driven strategies, and advanced analytics solutions optimized for enterprise use cases make this possible. Analytical technology has come a long way, with new capabilities ranging from descriptive text analysis to big data. This post will describe different use cases for advanced enterprise analytics.

What is Advanced Enterprise Analytics?

Advanced enterprise analytics includes scalable statistical modeling tools that utilize multiple computing technologies to help multinational corporations extract insights from vast datasets. Professional data analytics services offer enterprises industry-relevant advanced analytics solutions.

Modern descriptive and diagnostic analytics can revolutionize how companies leverage their historical performance intelligence. Likewise, predictive and prescriptive analytics allow enterprises to prepare for future challenges.

Conventional analysis methods had a limited scope and prioritized structured data processing. However, many advanced analytics examples quickly identify valuable trends in unstructured datasets. Therefore, global business firms can use advanced analytics solutions to process qualitative consumer reviews and brand-related social media coverage.

Use Cases of Advanced Enterprise Analytics

1| Big Data Analytics

Modern analytical technologies have access to the latest hardware developments in cloud computing virtualization. Besides, data lakes or warehouses have become more common, increasing the capabilities of corporations to gather data from multiple sources.

Big data is a constantly increasing data volume containing mixed data types. It can comprise audio, video, images, and unique file formats. This dynamic makes it difficult for conventional data analytics services to extract insights for enterprise use cases, highlighting the importance of advanced analytics solutions.

Advanced analytical techniques process big data efficiently. Besides, minimizing energy consumption and maintaining system stability during continuous data aggregation are two significant advantages of using advanced big data analytics.

2| Financial Forecasting

Enterprises can raise funds using several financial instruments, but revenue remains vital to profit estimation. Corporate leadership is often curious about changes in cash flow across several business quarters. After all, reliable financial forecasting enables them to allocate a departmental budget through informed decision-making.

The variables impacting your financial forecasting models include changes in government policies, international treaties, consumer interests, investor sentiments, and the cost of running different business activities. Businesses always require industry-relevant tools to calculate these variables precisely.

Multivariate financial modeling is one of the enterprise-level examples of advanced analytics use cases. Corporations can also automate some components of economic feasibility modeling to minimize the duration of data processing and generate financial performance documents quickly.

3| Customer Sentiment Analysis

The customers’ emotions influence their purchasing habits and brand perception. Therefore, customer sentiment analysis predicts feelings and attitudes to help you improve your marketing materials and sales strategy. Data analytics services also provide enterprises with the tools necessary for customer sentiment analysis.

Advanced sentiment analytics solutions can evaluate descriptive consumer responses gathered during customer service and market research studies. So, you can understand the positive, negative, or neutral sentiments using qualitative data.

Negative sentiments often originate from poor customer service, product deficiencies, and consumer discomfort in using the products or services. Corporations must modify their offerings to minimize negative opinions. Doing so helps them decrease customer churn.

4| Productivity Optimization

Factory equipment requires a reasonable maintenance schedule to ensure that machines operate efficiently. Similarly, companies must offer recreation opportunities, holidays, and special-purpose leaves to protect the employees’ psychological well-being and physical health.

However, these activities affect a company’s productivity. Enterprise analytics solutions can help you use advanced scheduling tools and human resource intelligence to determine the optimal maintenance requirements. They also include other productivity optimization tools concerning business process innovation.

Advanced analytics examples involve identifying, modifying, and replacing inefficient organizational practices with more impactful workflows. Consider how outdated computing hardware or employee skill deficiencies affect your enterprise’s productivity. Analytics lets you optimize these business aspects.

5| Enterprise Risk Management

Risk management includes identifying, quantifying, and mitigating internal or external corporate risks to increase an organization’s resilience against market fluctuations and legal changes. Moreover, improved risk assessments are the most widely implemented use cases of advanced enterprise analytics solutions.

Internal risks revolve around human errors, software incompatibilities, production issues, accountable leadership, and skill development. Lacking team coordination in multi-disciplinary projects is one example of internal risks.

External risks result from regulatory changes in the laws, guidelines, and frameworks that affect you and your suppliers. For example, changes in tax regulations or import-export tariffs might not affect you directly. However, your suppliers might raise prices, involving you in the end.

Data analytics services include advanced risk evaluations to help enterprises and investors understand how new market trends or policies affect their business activities.

Conclusion

Enterprise analytics has many use cases where data enhances management’s understanding of supply chain risks, consumer preferences, cost optimization, and employee productivity. Additionally, the advanced analytics solutions they offer their corporate clients assist them in financial forecasts.

New examples that integrate advanced analytics can also process mixed data types, including unstructured datasets. Furthermore, you can automate the process of insight extraction from the qualitative consumer responses collected in market research surveys.

While modern analytical modeling benefits enterprises in financial planning and business strategy, the reliability of the insights depends on data quality, and different data sources have unique authority levels. Therefore, you want experienced professionals who know how to ensure data integrity.

A leader in data analytics services, SG Analytics, empowers enterprises to optimize their business practices and acquire detailed industry insights using cutting-edge technologies. Contact us today to implement scalable data management modules to increase your competitive strength.

#data analytics services

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dj-jackie-j · 1 year ago

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"I Want My MTV"

I Want My MTV Using Music Videos To Gauge Public Opinion in 1980’s America Department of Communication & Media Arts, Marymount Manhattan College COMM 450: Capstone in Communication & Media Arts

Jackie Kearney Dec 21, 2023

Abstract

Since their introduction in the 1980s, music videos have transformed the relationship between live and recorded performances and have grown to be a major source of entertainment. To better understand the social and cultural dynamics of the American public in the 1980s. This study will use music videos as sources of data. Music videos not only showcase the artistic expression of musicians but also serve as a reflection of societal trends and values during that period. Additionally, studying music videos can provide a unique perspective on how popular culture influences and shapes society's perceptions and behaviors. The research will utilize a cultural analysis methodology by analyzing the political and cultural contexts of the 1980s, such as The War on Drugs and its impact on American society, and the AIDS epidemic, this study aims to understand how music videos were influenced by and responded to these larger socio-political dynamics. The results will be able to be used to understand the social mores and standards prevalent at the time, as well as how popular culture both reflected and perpetuated them.

Keywords

MTV, AIDS EPIDEMIC, WAR ON DRUGS

Introduction

If the video killed the radio star, what killed the video star? Traditional music videos lost their hegemony with the rise of social media and streaming services, and artists started experimenting with different visual techniques to draw in their fan base. Despite their looming death, understanding the impact of music videos on societal attitudes can also shed light on the power of storytelling through images and its ability to shape collective consciousness. This being said, how can we use music videos to gauge public opinion in 1980s America?

Examining music videos can teach us more about how musicians see and reflect the world around them, as well as how viewers engage with these representations. This study improves our knowledge of American culture by emphasizing the relevance of music videos as a form of cultural expression. The interplay between media and culture is essential to understanding the impact of music videos on popular culture and therefore the influence of technology on culture.

This analysis can shed light on how music videos both reflect and shape cultural norms, serving as a powerful tool for social commentary and cultural expression. Additionally, exploring the role of technology in the production and dissemination of music videos provides valuable

insights into the ways in which media consumption has become an integral part of contemporary culture.

Populations Served

The study provides valuable insights for professionals in the music industry, such as producers and directors, who can use this knowledge to create visually stunning and emotionally impactful music videos that resonate with viewers. It is also relevant for music enthusiasts, scholars, and researchers. To understand the impact of music videos on popular culture in the 1980s, a qualitative analysis of music videos and historical events is necessary.

This research explores the intricate relationships between music, culture, and society, making it relevant to music enthusiasts who can gain a deeper appreciation for the universal impact of music in shaping our collective experiences. Music can serve as a form of expression and communication, transcending language barriers and connecting people from different backgrounds.

The research is also significant for music researchers and scholars as it examines how music impacts societal values and shapes cultural identities. It provides insights into the ways in which music can serve as a tool for social change and activism, challenging and transforming existing norms and beliefs. By examining the various ways in which music has been used throughout history to express political and social messages, researchers can better understand its role in shaping societal movements and fostering collective action. Furthermore, this research aims to bridge the gap between academia and industry by providing practical applications.

Preliminary Definition of Terms

Prior to delving into the research methodologies, contextual background, and conclusions, let me clarify the terms mentioned in the abstract and their precise meanings in relation to the goals of this study.

AIDS: In the context of 1980’s America AIDS was devastating. The culture was most definitely being reflected in the music of the time. According to the CDC, “ The term "AIDS" refers to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, a persistent and potentially fatal illness brought on by the HIV virus. Due to immune system deterioration, people are more vulnerable to infections and illnesses.”(CDC, 2022)

However, to keep 1980’s context present I will include the public information from the 1980’s regarding AIDS: “In 1981, the CDC published an article about five cases of rare lung infections in young, healthy gay men in Los Angeles. This event marked the beginning of the AIDS Crisis, which alarmed the medical community due to the trend of young, healthy individuals succumbing to opportunistic infections.” (CDC, 1981)As a result, increased research and awareness efforts were initiated to address the issue. The outbreak of AIDS brought attention to the importance of safe sex practices and the need for further research into the disease.

The War on Drugs: Even though the War on Drugs was well underway by the mid 1980s there were some significant changes in the direction of policy by the late 1980s. In a Department of Justice piece “The War on Drugs popularized aggressive law enforcement tactics

and punitive sanctions aimed at low-level drug offenders, affecting Americans of all races." ( Mitchel, 2009) These changes included a focus on low-level drug offenders and a stronger emphasis on punitive measures like mandatory minimum sentences. These modifications led to the disproportionate incarceration rates that are observed today and had important ramifications for marginalized communities.

Much of the congressional debate in the months before the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, which is “The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 provided for increased penalties for violations of the Controlled Substances Act. Due to this conviction, severe penalties and mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses were implemented, which disproportionately affected communities of color. “ It is perhaps most notable for establishing minimum sentences for possession of crack cocaine at a much higher level than possession of powder cocaine.” (Intlekofer, 2018)

MTV: formerly known as Music Television, is an American cable channel that officially launched on August 1, 1981. In a scholarly article the evolution of MTV is outlined. The article states that “MTV had an immediate impact on popular music, visual style, and culture, making it a powerful cultural force.”(Jones, 2005)

MTV was the first to explore and introduce new trends, MTV quickly became an iconic presence in popular culture, inspiring not only visual media culture. It revolutionized the way music was consumed and promoted, shaping the entire music industry. Jones, the author of the scholarly article, went as far as saying that "MTV's evolution and development over several generations of youth has proven more interesting than its immediate impacts on popular music, visual style, and culture. Unfortunately, there has been too little scholarly focus on the

longer-term consequences of MTV."(Jones, 2005) 12:01 AM on August 1, 1981, the moment when "pictures came and broke your heart."

Purpose Statement

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between media and culture. This is crucial in comprehending the impact of music videos on popular culture and the influence of technology on culture. By examining this relationship, the study aims to shed light on how music videos shape and reflect societal norms, values, and trends. Additionally, it seeks to explore how advancements in technology have revolutionized the way culture is consumed and shared, particularly through the widespread accessibility of music videos online.

The study aims to assess the impact of music videos on culture and society. It will also examine the social and cultural consequences of the media's creation and consumption of this content. Furthermore, the study will improve our understanding of how the media shapes public opinion and fosters social change.

In the 1980s, several issues were prevalent, including police brutality, gender inequality, sexism, racism, and the Cold War. The AIDS epidemic and related issues brought about an urgency and activism in the art world. By addressing these pressing social issues through their videos, artists raised awareness of the struggles faced by marginalized communities and sparked important conversations about justice and equality.

Literature Review

In order to gain insight into how music videos were used to gauge public opinion in 1980s America, I consulted several texts. One of the most informative was "Creative License: The Law and Culture of Digital Sampling" (2011) by Kembrew McLeod and Peter DiCola. McLeod and DiCola (2011) provides a deeper understanding of the music industry and the development of sample-based music that was popular in 1980s America. The authors offer a comprehensive analysis of the cultural and legal implications of digital sampling, highlighting the complex relationship between creativity and copyright law.

They examine how sample-based music not only influenced the music scene of the 1980s but also modern music production and artistic expression. The book also delves into the challenges faced by artists and producers in navigating the intricate legal landscape surrounding sampling, shedding light on the ongoing debates over copyright infringement and fair use. With the help of this text, I was able to gain immense background knowledge of the music industry during "the golden era of sampling," which, interestingly, was right at the inception of music videos. This begs the question: did samples allow music videos to shine? The text analyzes how the rise of sample-based music paved the way for innovative music videos that incorporated visual sampling techniques, further enhancing the overall artistic experience for audiences.

Artists were able to approach a project with a preconceived notion of the song and album by using samples. There was less pressure. This improved the impact of music videos as a visual depiction of the sampled songs by fostering a closer relationship between the performer and the viewer. In addition to influencing the creative process, the use of samples had a big impact on the era's cultural and artistic climate.

The immense impact music videos have had on contemporary art cannot be stressed enough. Music videos have revolutionized the way artists express themselves visually, blurring the boundaries between music, film, and visual art. They have become a powerful medium for storytelling and self-expression, captivating audiences with their innovative visuals and narratives, Prato (2021) offers a comprehensive analysis of the avant-garde filmmakers, musicians, and cultural movements that transformed the music industry and propelled MTV to global fame. Prato's analysis delves into the experimental techniques used by these artists, highlighting their influence on visual storytelling and pushing the boundaries of artistic expression. Additionally, the book explores how music videos have become a powerful medium for social commentary, reflecting the cultural and political climate of their time.

To comprehend the cultural impact of MTV Klein (2021) examines the history of music videos and provides insight into a better understanding of them. With the addition of music to television and television programming, as well as the effects of the decline of music videos on MTV, the text examines how reality television has changed audience preferences and the network as a whole, shedding light on the cultural and technological factors that have influenced this change. Klein's analysis delves into the evolution of music videos as a medium of artistic expression and their role in shaping popular culture.Furthermore, the examination of reality

television's rise in popularity offers valuable insights into the shifting dynamics of audience consumption and the subsequent transformation of MTV's programming strategies.

An extremely important text in my study is the book Millennials Killed the Video Star: MTV's Transition to Reality Programming (2021) by Amanda Ann Klein. With this text I was able to learn more about the history of music videos from this text and gain a better understanding of them. The addition of music to television and television programming, as well as the effects of the decline of music videos on MTV. I was also able to examine how reality television has changed audience preferences and the network as a whole, shedding light on the cultural and technological factors that have influenced this change.

Theoretical Framework

In the context of my theoretical framework I employ Auslander's liveness theory, which states that “the experience of live performance is fundamentally different from recorded or mediated forms of art. This theory challenges traditional notions of authenticity and raises questions about the role of technology in shaping our understanding of live performance.” (Auslander, 2008)

In the 1980s, the popularity and accessibility of music videos brought about a shift in the way live performances were presented. With the emergence of MTV and other music video channels, artists were able to showcase their performances to a wider audience, creating a sense of immediacy that was previously only possible through attending a live concert. This shift not only impacted the way artists connected with their fans but also influenced the expectations and

demands of the audience. This challenges traditional notions of authenticity and raises questions about the impact of technology on our perception of art.

Following the framework of Auslander's liveness theory, “liveness refers to the sense of immediacy and presence that is created in a performance or recording.” (Auslander, 2008) In music videos, this can be achieved through techniques such as live concert footage, interactive elements, or even virtual reality experiences. By exploring the concept of liveness in music videos, we can gain a deeper understanding of how technology has transformed the way we experience and engage with art in the digital age. Additionally, analyzing the use of liveness in music videos allows us to examine the power dynamics between artists, and audiences.

The introduction of music videos has revolutionized the way artists interact with their fans, enabling them to reach a wider audience and establish a more personal connection. However, it is still a matter of debate whether music videos can create more devoted listeners or if they simply satisfy the need to see the acts live because you have already seen all their videos. While music videos provide a sense of immediacy, they cannot fully replace the experience of attending a live concert. However, some may argue that a music video provides more visual and artistic elements that enhance the overall listening experience. Additionally, music videos have the advantage of being easily accessible and shareable, allowing fans to discover new artists and songs more easily. Ultimately, whether music videos can truly replace the thrill of a live concert remains subjective and depends on individual preferences and experiences.

As the 1980s progressed and MTV became a cultural phenomenon, music videos not only became a powerful marketing tool for artists but also shaped popular culture and fashion trends. The visual storytelling and creative visuals showcased in music videos became an integral part of

an artist's brand and identity, further solidifying their connection with fans. Music videos would hold this dominant spot in pop culture for the next four decades, before dwindling into obscurity as the video star was swiftly replaced by the social media star. The rise of social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube allowed individuals to create and share their own content, shifting the focus away from professionally produced music videos.

This shift in consumer behavior marked a significant change in the way artists connected with their audience, as they now had to adapt to the fast-paced and ever-changing landscape of social media to maintain relevance. However, it is important to acknowledge the lasting impact that music videos had on popular culture and their role in shaping the music industry for Filmmakers, academics, researchers, music lovers, and music industry professionals all gain from this study.

Using AIDS to Illustrate the Correlation of Music Videos and Culture

To accurately depict a significant cultural phenomenon that occurred among various racial and socioeconomic groups in the 1980s, researchers can gain valuable insights by examining music videos that make references to AIDS, whether overt or covert. The chosen example videos powerfully reflect the societal attitudes towards AIDS prevalent at that time, shedding light on the cultural norms and stigmas surrounding the disease.These music videos not only provide insight into attitudes towards AIDS but also reveal the extent to which societal norms influenced the portrayal of LGBTQ individuals during that era.

It is also important to keep in mind the cultural climate of 1980s America, specifically regarding LQBTQ individuals. During this time, there was a lack of understanding and fear surrounding AIDS, leading to stigmatization and marginalization of the LGBTQ community. This context is crucial in comprehending the challenges faced by LGBTQ individuals in terms of acceptance, healthcare, and social support during the 1980s. According to The History Channel, “In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a virus that had previously appeared sporadically around the world began to spread throughout the United States. Originally identified as a “gay disease” because gay men were one of the primary groups afflicted, HIV and the syndrome it causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, were unknown in 1981 but had become household terms and the number one threat to public health by the late 1980s.”(MARKOWITZ/SYGMA, 2021)

The HIV/AIDS epidemic had a devastating impact on the LGBTQ community during the 1980s. Not only did they face discrimination and stigma due to the association of the virus with homosexuality, but they also struggled to access adequate healthcare and social support. The lack of acceptance and understanding further exacerbated the challenges faced by LGBTQ individuals affected by HIV/AIDS.

In a CDC report from the middle of the decade, the future seems dismal. “January 16: The U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) reports that more people were diagnosed with AIDS in 1985 than in all earlier years combined. The 1985 figures show an 89% increase in new AIDS cases compared with 1984. Of all AIDS cases to date, 51% of adults and 59% of children have died. The new report shows that, on average, AIDS patients die about 15 months after the disease is diagnosed. Public health experts predict twice as many new AIDS cases in 1986." (HIV, 1986)

It's safe to say the public was fearful and began blaming the gay community, pushing their fear-turned anger toward the community. This blame and anger towards the gay community led to increased discrimination and stigmatization, further exacerbating the challenges faced by individuals living with AIDS. The lack of understanding and compassion hindered efforts to effectively address the epidemic and provide support to those affected.

Music Video Examples

To understand how we can use music videos to gauge society's opinions in the 1980s by examining Coil's cover of "Tainted Love" and Prince's "Sign O' The Times," researchers are provided with visual commentary on the AIDS crisis of the 1980s. However, both artists employ different strategies to convey the message.

“Tainted Love”- Coil (1985) “Tainted Love” first recorded by Gloria Jones and British duo Soft Cell, was covered again in 1985 by the band Coil, a British experimental group. Coil’s version accompanies a distressing music video that follows a man’s hospital stay and, near the end of the song, shows the man receiving flowers on his grave. “The lyrics and images combine to tell a powerful story about the HIV/AIDS crisis, pushing viewers to grapple with the graveness of the disease.”(Burgess, 2023)

Coil's rendition of Tainted Love not only introduced a unique experimental twist to the song but also brought attention to the devastating impact of the HIV/AIDS crisis. The haunting music video, coupled with the poignant lyrics, served as a powerful reminder of the gravity and

urgency surrounding this epidemic. In the same history channel article “September 24 1982 – The CDC uses the term “AIDS” for the first time. It defines Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome as “A disease at least moderately predictive of a defect in cell-mediated immunity, occurring in a person with no known cause for diminished resistance to that disease.”(MARKOWITZ/SYGMA, 2021)

In 1985, the double single "Tainted Love/Panic" was released, which marked a significant moment in musical history. At that time, AIDS was a highly taboo disease, and there was little awareness or support for those affected by it. Keep in context the CDC just identified it as a disease three years prior.

The release of "Tainted Love/Panic" coincided with a crucial period in the fight against AIDS, as it helped to raise awareness and challenge the stigma surrounding the disease. This musical milestone served as a catalyst for conversations about HIV/AIDS, ultimately paving the way for greater understanding and support for those impacted by it. “Coil, released a cover of "Tainted Love," decided to donate all the earnings from the record to the Terrence Higgins Trust, an AIDS charity. This was the first time in music history that profits were donated to an AIDS-related charity, and it demonstrated a powerful commitment to making a positive impact on the fight against AIDS.”(The Paths Less Traveled, 2013)

“Sign ‘O’ the Times”-Prince (1987) Prince, a cultural icon, was known for his unique style, innovative music, and captivating performances. His flamboyant fashion choices and unapologetic expression of sexuality challenged societal norms and inspired countless artists to embrace their individuality. “Sign ‘O’ the Times” was Prince highlighting the fact that there was

a negative aspect of Ronald Reagan's America at a time when these issues were all in the news in the United States.

The song and music video act as a wake-up call, imploring listeners to address these problems head-on and make changes that will benefit society. With "Sign ‘O' The Times," Prince aimed to stimulate thought and motivate action in the direction of building a better society for everybody. The gloomy tone was established by his opening lines, "In France, a skinny man/Died of a disease with a little name."(Prince, 1987)

Research Question

How can we use music videos to gauge public opinion about major events in 1980’s America? Said best in the first music video ever, the video killed the radio star, 1980’s America was a pivotal decade and music videos allow the public, past and present a unique lens into the norms and attitudes at the time. Music videos have not only entertained audiences, but have also served as an effective medium for artists to express their opinions on significant historical events. We can learn about the collective feelings and responses of the American public to events throughout the decade like the war on drugs, or the AIDS epidemic.I am seeking a comprehensive understanding of how music videos influenced American popular culture in the 1980s.

Methods

To investigate the research question, my initial approach will be to analyze music videos released in the 1980s that either directly addressed or referenced significant American events. This analysis could involve examining the themes, lyrics, and visuals in these videos to understand how they represented and influenced public opinion at the time. Additionally, gathering information through interviews or examining old media reports could provide insights into how the public perceived these music videos and how they contributed to the formation of social opinions.

To collect data for the study, I searched for "1980s music videos" and "major 1980s events" on Google Scholar to access scholarly journals and academic papers that discussed the impact of music videos on society during the 1980s. This comprehensive approach allowed me to gather a diverse range of perspectives and sources for my research, ensuring a well-rounded analysis of the topic.

Once I was able to correlate a song, a music video, and a historical event, I then sourced the song and video on Spotify and YouTube, both digital platforms. Using digital platforms like Spotify and YouTube allowed me to access music videos easily and analyze their content and impact. Additionally, I also looked for scholarly articles and books that discussed the cultural significance of these music videos during the 1980s, which provided a more comprehensive understanding of their influence on public opinion.

I also sought out physical copies of both pieces of music to further examine the impact visual storytelling has on a narrative that often scares society and challenges societal norms. I purchased CDs for both songs on the online selling platform eBay. By analyzing physical copies of the music, I was able to delve deeper into the artistic choices made by the creators through album covers and inserts to provide an understanding of how visual elements contributed to the overall message conveyed in the videos. This multidimensional approach allowed me to gain a holistic perspective on the cultural significance and impact of these music videos during the 1980s.

Criteria for sampling

Using footage from music videos broadcast on MTV in America between 1980 and 1989 the study aims to provide valuable knowledge about the cultural and social context of the time. These videos represented the beliefs, goals, and concerns of the general public, as well as capturing the era's technological innovations, fashion trends, and musical tastes. Therefore, studying these videos can offer a unique perspective on the general attitude and social dynamics of the 1980s.

The purpose of collecting data based on specific criteria is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the cultural and social climate of the 1980s. By including music videos and historical news footage, scholars can learn more about the social tensions and historical events that influenced the period's real-life events, as well as the artistic expression of the time. This

multifaceted approach ensures a thorough examination of the 1980s, encompassing both the popular music trends and the historical context in which they occurred.

In this research study, more than twenty hours of music video snippets, along with background information and public and media pushback, were used to understand how we can use music videos to gauge public opinion in 1980’s America. This comprehensive examination contributes to a vivid picture of how music in the 1980s both reflected and responded to the social changes that were taking place.

To meet the data collection criteria, two music video samples are required, in this particular aspect of my research each video needed to include a callback to the AIDS epidemic of the 1980’s. The data collected from music videos which were primarily broadcast on MTV in America between 1980 and 1989, can be a valuable source of knowledge about the cultural and social context of the time. These videos represented the beliefs, goals, and concerns of the general public, in addition to capturing the era's technological innovations, and musical tastes. Therefore, studying these videos provides a unique perspective on the general attitude and social dynamics of the 1980s.

Method of Recording Data

I began my research by thoroughly scanning through YouTube, which became the leading influential factor in formulating my research questions. To access YouTube, I downloaded the

social media platform's application through the App Store on my personal iPhone and created a

free account. This made the process of searching and saving videos simpler. After creating my account, I took time to scroll through the app in search of AIDS related music videos.

While YouTube was the only platform I used to retrieve video-based data, the remaining texts were print-media based. The data in my study includes not only the content of the music videos themselves but also the popularity and reception of specific songs and artists during that time period.

The data in this study includes not only the content of the music videos themselves but also the popularity and reception of specific songs and artists during that time period. To record the data, I researched historical events from the 1980s and placed them on a timeline. This timeline is a physical piece of paper that I continuously added to using different colors for different aspects of the research.

On the timeline I had 1980-1990 labeled. I then after researching impactful events of the 1980’s began to mark the events on the timeline with the corresponding year. Once the historical event was marked I sourced a music video pertaining in some way to the event. Then, I searched for music videos from the 1980s on YouTube that related to the specific events I was highlighting. By connecting the music videos to historical events, I was able to identify patterns and correlations between the cultural context and the artistic expression of that era. This approach allowed me to gain a comprehensive understanding of how music videos served as a reflection of the societal climate in the 1980s. The physical timeline was helpful in illustrating just how impactful media was on the culture in America during the 1980’s.

Analysis

In my research, I used open coding to identify recurring themes in the online presence of MTV and music videos, including on YouTube, social media platforms, and music streaming services. This helped me gain insights into the evolving trends in music consumption and the impact of visual storytelling on audience engagement.

I then used axial coding to identify the precise relationships between these themes and my research on community building and persuasion. By examining the connections between these themes and my research, I was able to uncover how MTV and music videos contribute to the formation of online communities and influence audience behavior.

My analysis revealed that music videos are not just for entertainment, but also serve as a catalyst for social engagement and influence. Understanding the persuasive techniques employed in music videos can provide valuable insights for marketers and advertisers looking to effectively engage with online communities and shape consumer behavior. Furthermore, my study revealed that music videos not only influenced individual behavior but also played a significant role in shaping collective identities and cultural movements. By tapping into the emotions and aspirations of viewers, music videos were able to create a shared experience that resonated with diverse audiences, ultimately influencing their attitudes and beliefs on a larger scale.

Music videos have continued to evolve and adapt to the digital age, with platforms like YouTube and Vevo providing a global stage for artists to reach their audience. Additionally, the rise of social media has allowed for even greater engagement and interaction between artists and fans, further solidifying the role of music videos as a powerful tool for cultural expression and influence.

Results

The 1980s music video era can be considered a catalyst for social change because it offered a visual medium that attracted a large audience and provoked discussions about important topics. Furthermore, these videos' artistic and creative qualities gave the messages they were delivering a deeper level of meaning, which increased their power to influence public opinion.

Music videos are now a common way for artists to reflect societal trends and convey their artistic vision. They frequently include components that are important to American culture, such as dance, fashion, and storytelling. Music videos can effectively shape and influence cultural norms and values due to their broad audience reach. Moreover, music videos frequently showcase varied portrayals of people from various backgrounds, emphasizing the diversity and multiculturalism that characterize American society highlighting a variety of viewpoints and experiences, which adds to the continuous conversation about inclusivity and identity in American culture.

To reach this conclusion, a range of music videos from different genres were analyzed for their themes, settings, and characters. According to this analysis, music videos reflect the social and cultural context of the artists' era as well as providing a platform for artistic expression. Music videos offer a visual depiction of the problems and worries that audiences find compelling by experimenting with various themes and environments. This helps to shape popular culture and impact social trends. The study also discovered that musicians' personas and images are frequently greatly influenced by their music videos. Artists are able to forge a distinct identity

and establish a more meaningful connection with their audience by means of their visual storytelling. Furthermore, the analysis showed that because music videos can create buzz and boost album sales, they are now a crucial component of marketing plans in the music business.

The 1980s music video era can be considered a catalyst for social change because it offered a visual medium that attracted a large audience and provoked discussions about important topics. Furthermore, these videos' artistic and creative qualities gave the messages they were delivering a deeper meaning, which increased their power to influence public opinion and question social norms.

Summary of results/ Analysis

How can we use music videos to gauge public opinion in 1980’s America? Music videos have become a crucial component of marketing plans in the music industry. They create buzz and boost album sales. Additionally, music videos have evolved into a platform for artists to explore new creative directions and visually stunning ways to present their artistic vision. This allows them to explore various themes and narratives that may not be achievable through the audio component of their music alone, and it also helps them stand out in a crowded industry.

Overall, music videos have proven to be an effective tool for artists to make a lasting impression on both their fan base and the music industry at large. To identify recurring themes in MTV and music videos' online presence, including on YouTube, and in a range of articles, I used open coding. I then employed axial coding to pinpoint the texts' precise relationships to my

research on community building and persuasion. By using axial coding, I was able to find relationships and patterns among the themes discovered during the open coding stage.

Through my research, I gained insight into the influence of music videos on political and cultural discourse in the 1980s. I analyzed the persuasive strategies used in music videos and the sense of community they created. This thorough examination highlights the importance of music videos in shaping societal attitudes and beliefs, while also shedding light on their larger impact on society.

Discussion

After conducting extensive research, I have concluded that music videos can serve as a reliable indicator of American culture. To arrive at this conclusion, I analyzed the themes, settings, and characters portrayed in a variety of music videos from different genres and pivotal moments in American history. Music videos provide a unique perspective on societal trends, cultural values, and even political issues that are significant to American society due to their visual storytelling element.

I specifically looked at the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s while using the theoretical framework of Auslander's liveness theory to argue that music videos in the 1980s presented an inverse to live performance but for some that was even more wanted, as it allowed for a controlled and stylized representation of reality. This can be seen in music videos such as Michael Jackson's "Thriller" and Madonna's "Like a Prayer," which used provocative imagery and narrative storytelling to address controversial topics like religion and race.

By examining the evolution of music videos over time, it becomes clear that they have become an integral part of American culture, shaping our perceptions and reflecting the social

climate of each era. The music videos of Coils' "Tainted Love" and Prince's "Sign O’ the Times" provide contrasting portrayals of AIDS, highlighting the diverse approaches taken by artists to address this issue. While "Tainted Love" directly confronts the topic with an eerie and explicit representation, Prince's video offers a broader critique of America during that period, encompassing AIDS as one of its many concerns.

The controversial nature of these videos stemmed from the societal stigma surrounding AIDS at the time, the fear held by society regarding the unknown and deadly nature of the disease often silenced discussions and marginalized those affected by the disease. By daring to bring this issue to the forefront, these artists challenged societal norms and sparked important conversations about HIV/AIDS prevention, education, and empathy. Their bravery in addressing such a taboo subject publicly ultimately paved the way for greater awareness and understanding of the epidemic.

However, it took society quite a long time to come around, and artists like Freddie Mercury passing away from AIDS brought more compassion to the forefront of the fight. Despite the progress made by these music videos, there was still a long way to go in terms of eradicating the fear and prejudice associated with AIDS. The fight for compassion and understanding continued, with artists using their influence to advocate for better education, access to healthcare, and support for those affected by the disease. I have concluded that we can use music videos to gauge public opinion in 1980’s America.

Relationship between the Theoretical Framework and the Results

It is still debatable whether music videos can bring more devoted listeners or if they suffice the need to see the acts live because the public already got their fix from the video. As the 1980s progressed and MTV became a cultural phenomenon, music videos not only became a powerful marketing tool for artists but also shaped popular culture and fashion trends. The visual storytelling and creative visuals showcased in music videos became an integral part of an artist's brand and identity, further solidifying their connection with fans.

However, as time continues on the rise of social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube has shifted the focus away from professionally produced music videos. This change in consumer behavior marked a significant change in the way artists connected with their audience, as they now had to adapt to the fast-paced and ever-changing landscape of social media to maintain relevance. Despite this shift, it is important to acknowledge the lasting impact that music videos had on popular culture and their role in shaping the music industry.

In the context of my theoretical framework of Auslander's liveness theory, music videos challenge traditional notions of authenticity by blurring the boundaries between live performance and recorded media. Following the framework of Auslander's liveness theory, liveness refers to the sense of immediacy and presence that is created in a performance or recording. In music videos, this can be achieved through techniques such as live concert footage, interactive elements, or even virtual reality experiences. By exploring the concept of liveness in music videos, we can gain a deeper understanding of how technology has transformed the way we experience and engage with art in the digital age.

Additionally, analyzing the use of liveness in music videos allows us to examine the power dynamics between artists and audiences. While music videos provide a sense of immediacy, one cannot fully replace the experience of attending a live concert. The thrill and energy of seeing an artist perform in person is a unique and irreplaceable aspect of the live music experience that cannot be replicated through videos alone.

Limitations

One of the biggest challenges faced during my research was the inability to view music videos in decent quality, due to the time passed and lack of popularity some important videos now appear to be scrubbed from the internet or are unrecognizably altered which made it difficult to understand how they affect popular culture and a larger audience. This also made it hard to evaluate the effectiveness of visual storytelling strategies developed for mobile devices and how they have influenced contemporary music video production.

The study was limited to a specific time frame and did not consider the preferences and behaviors of different demographic groups, which could have provided a more comprehensive understanding of how visual storytelling techniques affect the consumption of mobile music videos. Additionally, the lack of qualitative data collection techniques such as surveys and interviews limited the extent of knowledge regarding the public's perception of smaller screen music videos

The abundance of content provided by digital media news outlets made print media obsolete. The majority of the articles found were older, indicating that this is a relatively stale topic for non-musicians. However, there were some useful bits of information, and not many academic research articles were applicable to the content. The dearth of recent academic research publications may indicate a lack of interest among academics in investigating the effects of older music videos. This suggests that additional research and analysis are necessary to fully comprehend the current dynamics and publications.

Opportunities for Future Research

As I delve deeper into my research on the relationship between culture and music videos, I anticipate the opportunity to coordinate my findings. As a member of Gen Z, I believe it is crucial to understand history, especially in the context of our current society. This study provides a foundation for future research that could explore how different cultural backgrounds influence the interpretation and reception of music videos. I am eager to continue the research study including more videos and covering more topics, for example Reagan's America and "Fucked

Up Ronnie" - D.O.A. (1984) or ) "My Brain is Hanging Upside Down (Bonzo Goes To Bitburg)" - The Clash (1985)

Conclusion

Music videos provide a unique perspective on societal trends, cultural values, and even political issues that are significant to American society due to their visual storytelling element. To delve deeper into this research question, one could examine music videos from the 1980s that either directly addressed or alluded to important American events. By analyzing the themes, lyrics, and images in these videos, we can gain insight into how they reflected and influenced the prevailing public opinion at the time.

Additionally, conducting interviews or looking through archived media reports can help us understand how the public perceived these music videos and how they influenced the formation of social opinions. Comparing and contrasting music videos from various genres and artists could offer a thorough grasp of the various perspectives that were taken on American events. This study may deepen our understanding of how music videos shaped political and cultural discourse in the 1980s and ultimately demonstrate their impact on society as a whole.

I specifically looked at the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s while using the theoretical framework of Auslander's liveness theory to argue that music videos in the 1980s presented an inverse to live performance but for some that was even more wanted, as it allowed for a controlled and stylized representation of reality. By examining the evolution of music videos over time, it becomes clear that they have become an integral part of American culture, shaping our perceptions and reflecting the social climate of each era.

In conclusion, music videos can be used to gauge public opinion in 1980s America. They provide a unique perspective on societal trends, cultural values, and political issues, and can offer insight into how they reflected and influenced the prevailing public opinion at the time. By examining music videos from various genres and artists, we can gain a thorough understanding of the diverse perspectives taken on American events and how they shaped political and cultural discourse in the 1980s.

Resources

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#mtv #80s #gen x #music

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antdatagain · 2 years ago

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A Step-by-Step Guide to Conducting Thematic Analysis for Qualitative Research

A well-liked and effective technique for examining qualitative data in research projects is thematic analysis. Using this method, researchers can find and examine themes, patterns, and meanings in their data.

#antdatagain #qualitative analysis #thematic analysis

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tehrihills · 2 years ago

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Unveiling the Power of Market Research Analytics: A Strategic Imperative for Business Success

Introduction

In today's fast-paced and hyper-competitive business landscape, gaining a competitive edge requires more than just intuition and guesswork. Enter market research analytics – an essential approach that empowers businesses to make informed decisions, uncover hidden insights, and navigate the complex maze of consumer preferences and market trends. In this blog, we take a deep dive into the world of Market Research Analytics, exploring its significance, methodologies, and the transformative impact it can have on your business.

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The Significance of Market Research Analytics -

Market research analytics is the art and science of extracting actionable insights from raw data to drive strategic decision-making. It provides a structured approach to understanding consumer behavior, market dynamics, and industry trends.By leveraging data-driven insights, businesses can:

Enhance Customer Understanding: By analyzing consumer preferences, buying patterns, and sentiment, businesses can tailor their products and services to meet customer needs more effectively.

Competitor Analysis: Market research analytics enables companies to assess competitor strengths and weaknesses, identify gaps in the market, and formulate strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

Optimize Marketing Efforts: Precise data analysis allows businesses to target their marketing campaigns with laser-like precision, reducing costs and increasing conversion rates.

Product Innovation: Uncovers latent customer needs and pain points through data analysis, fuels the creation of innovative products that resonate with the target audience.

Methodologies in Market Research Analytics –

In the domain of Market Research Analytics, diverse methodologies play a pivotal role in facilitating informed and sound decision-making. These methodologies empower businesses with the tools to untangle complex market dynamics, cultivate a deeper understanding of consumer preferences and enable the formulation of impactful strategies.

Quantitative Analysis: This approach involves the use of numerical data to measure, quantify, and analyze various aspects of the market. Surveys, polls, and structured questionnaires are common tools used to gather data for quantitative analysis.

Qualitative Analysis: Qualitative research delves into the subjective aspects of consumer behavior, focusing on insights that are not easily quantifiable. Techniques such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, and content analysis provide valuable context and depth to numerical data.

Predictive Analytics: Using historical data and statistical algorithms, predictive analytics helps forecast future trends, customer behavior, and market shifts. This enables businesses to proactively adapt and strategize.

Text and Sentiment Analysis: With the proliferation of online reviews, social media, and user-generated content, extracting insights from text data has become crucial. Text and sentiment analysis tools decipher consumer sentiment, helping businesses gauge public opinion and adjust strategies accordingly.

Transformative Impact on Business-

Market research analytics has different impacts which transforms business into more successful entity. Brands can improve their bottom line and build stronger relationships with their customers by providing high quality products/services. Embracing market research analytics can usher in a myriad of benefits for businesses:

Informed Decision-Making: Accurate data-driven insights provide a solid foundation, reducing the element of risk and uncertainty in strategic decision-making.

Cost Efficiency: By focusing resources on targeted strategies and campaigns, businesses can optimize their marketing budgets and operational expenditures.

Agility and Adaptability: Real-time data analysis equips businesses to swiftly respond to changing market conditions, ensuring they remain relevant and adaptable.

Customer-Centric Approach: By understanding consumer preferences and pain points, businesses can align their offerings with customer needs, thereby fostering brand loyalty and customer satisfaction.

Innovation Catalyst: Market research analytics can uncover untapped opportunities, enabling businesses to innovate and stay ahead of the curve.

https://www.tehrihills.com/

Conclusion

In a business landscape driven by data and insights, market research analytics emerges as a strategic imperative for sustainable success. By deciphering the intricate web of consumer behavior, market trends, and competition dynamics, businesses can chart a course towards informed decision-making, innovation, and customer-centricity. Embracing market research analytics isn't just an option; it's a powerful tool that can unlock the doors to unparalleled growth and prosperity in today's dynamic marketplace.

#consulting #survey programming #market research #marketresearchreport #marketanalysis #tehrihills #tehrihillsconsulting

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21st-century-minutiae · 10 days ago

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The "Curse of Dimensionality" is a problem in early twenty-first century statistics and data analytics. Possibility space of data points is directly equivalent to geometry, where each independent variable (alongside the dependent variable the analysis is trying to predict) is its own dimension. This is true whether the variable is discrete or continuous. Statistical analysis often directly invokes geometric concepts, such as in K-means clustering, where data points are grouped together by how "close" they are, when measuring distance.

Even completely qualitative observations can be converted into discrete measurements when trying to use geometry-based statistical models. It would be hard to plot a graph of people's favorite colors (ignoring the possibility of plotting the hue, saturation, and value of people's favorite colors, as humans don't generally see color as a quantitative continuous distribution when it comes to personal preferences). If one were to assign red to 0, green to 1, and blue to 2, for example, that would introduce a bias that people whose favorite color are red and people's whose favorite color are blue are more different from one another than they are from a person whose favorite color is green. The solution to applying geometry based statistical models to this qualitative categorization is to instead treat it is multiple dimensions. A person whose favorite color is red is not a 0, rather they are 1 in the red direction, 0 in the green direction, 0 in the blue direction, and so on and so forth for as many colors. So, a single variable ends up introducing a potentially very large number of dimensions, even if a great deal of possibility space is now nonsense.

The number of dimensions in statistical analysis rises very, very rapidly. As explained above, this means that the percentage of "space" explored shrinks very, very rapidly. The amount of data necessary to explore relationships between variables rises exponentially. And much of early twenty-first century data analysis is about dealing with this issue, whether by employing techniques to cut out unnecessary variables or by processing way, way, way more data.

A circle inscribed in a square covers 79% of the square.

A ball inscribed in a cube fills 52% of the cube.

A 4-ball inscribed in a hypercube fills 31% of the hypercube.

A 5-ball inscribed in a 5-cube fills 16% of the 5-cube.

⋮

A 9-ball inscribed in a 9-cube fills it up less than 1% of the way, yet there’s no room to fit a second ball of the same size without intersecting the first.

⋮

In dimensions 23 and up, you can fit a little cube in the corner of the diagram, such that the cube has a larger volume than the ball!

That's especially disconcerting because the 23-cube has 8,388,608 corners. Even if you inscribe the little red cubes in all eight million corners, your big cube will still be 99.5% empty space.

#period novel details #higher dimensional space is BIG #I think it is one of those problems that is way under discussed compared to how important it is #OP's topic should be taught in middle school (or at least high school) because it is VERY important in shaping intuitions

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andrewsmartofgreenville · 17 hours ago

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Mastering Market Expansion: Key Techniques for Sustainable Business Growth

Market expansion is a crucial strategy for businesses seeking to boost revenue, establish brand recognition, and tap into new customer bases. Whether entering a new geographic area, exploring untapped industries, or targeting a different customer segment, the goal is to create a robust plan that ensures long-term success. This article will examine effective strategies that businesses can employ to successfully expand into new markets and promote sustainable growth.

Start with a Clear Market Assessment

Before entering a new market, businesses must conduct a thorough market assessment. Understanding the unique characteristics of the target market—such as its size, growth potential, consumer behavior, and competitive landscape—is essential. This assessment will help businesses identify areas with the most opportunity and tailor their expansion efforts accordingly.

A solid market assessment combines both qualitative and quantitative data. Consumer surveys, focus groups, and competitor analysis offer valuable insights into customer needs and existing market gaps. Additionally, businesses should consider factors such as local regulations, economic conditions, and potential barriers to entry. This strategic approach allows companies to make informed decisions about where and how to enter the new market.

Build Strategic Local Partnerships

Forming partnerships with local businesses or experts is one of the most effective ways to break into a new market. Regional partnerships can provide businesses with critical market insights, an established customer base, and access to distribution networks. Partnering with trusted players in the region helps mitigate risks associated with market entry and allows businesses to leverage the strengths of local expertise.

Strategic alliances could take various forms, including joint ventures, franchise agreements, or co-branded marketing initiatives. These partnerships often accelerate growth by combining resources, sharing risks, and offering complementary capabilities. With the right local partner, businesses can reduce the time required to establish a presence and better navigate regional complexities.

Tailor Offerings to Local Preferences

Product and service customization is a cornerstone of successful market expansion. What works in one market may not necessarily work in another, and businesses must adapt their offerings to meet the specific needs and preferences of local consumers. This includes adjusting product features, packaging, pricing strategies, and promotional materials to align with cultural norms and customer expectations.

Localization may also extend to customer service, ensuring that products and support are available in the local language and tailored to the region's communication styles and preferences. By adapting their offerings, businesses can foster stronger connections with local customers, resulting in improved brand loyalty and enhanced market penetration.

Utilize Digital Marketing for a Wider Reach

In the modern digital landscape, online marketing is a powerful tool for expanding into new markets. Businesses can use social media platforms, search engine optimization (SEO), and paid online advertising to target specific customer segments and raise brand awareness in new regions. Digital marketing offers cost-effective and efficient ways to reach large audiences with minimal overhead costs.

One of the most significant advantages of digital marketing is its ability to target specific demographics. By leveraging data-driven insights, businesses can craft personalized marketing campaigns tailored to the preferences, behaviors, and needs of local consumers. Moreover, the ability to measure and track digital marketing performance enables businesses to adjust their strategies in real-time, ensuring continuous optimization and growth.

Scale Operations and Logistics

As a business enters new markets, it’s essential to scale operations to meet the increased demand. This involves optimizing supply chains, improving production efficiency, and ensuring logistics capabilities can handle a higher volume of orders. Companies must ensure that they have the infrastructure in place to deliver products or services on time and maintain high standards of quality.

Investing in automation tools, such as inventory management systems and customer relationship management (CRM) software, can streamline operations and improve efficiency. Additionally, working with local suppliers and distributors can help businesses reduce costs and improve delivery times, ensuring that operations scale seamlessly as they enter new markets.

Focus on Customer Engagement and Retention

While acquiring new customers is crucial during market expansion, retaining existing customers is just as important. A strong focus on customer engagement and retention can help businesses build lasting relationships with customers in their new market. Providing exceptional customer service, offering loyalty programs, and gathering feedback are all effective ways to enhance customer satisfaction.

When customers feel valued, they are more likely to return and recommend a business to others, helping to increase organic growth. Successful customer retention strategies build brand advocacy, turning customers into long-term supporters who contribute to sustained growth and success in the new market.

Continuously Monitor and Adapt

Market expansion is an ongoing process that requires constant monitoring and adaptation. Business leaders should regularly track key performance indicators (KPIs), customer feedback, and competitor activities to ensure their strategies are on track. Being able to respond quickly to changing market conditions, shifts in consumer behavior, or emerging trends is crucial for long-term success.

Adaptation can include refining product offerings, adjusting marketing campaigns, or revising pricing strategies to better align with the local market. A flexible approach enables businesses to remain competitive, responsive, and relevant as they expand into new markets and evolve.

Expanding into new markets is an exciting and rewarding opportunity for businesses, but it requires careful planning and execution to succeed. By conducting thorough market assessments, building strategic partnerships, localizing offerings, leveraging digital marketing, scaling operations, and prioritizing customer engagement, businesses can establish a solid foundation for successful market expansion. Continuous monitoring and adaptation will ensure sustained growth and a lasting presence in new markets.

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aimarketresearch · 1 day ago

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In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market Size, Share, Trends, Industry Growth and Competitive Outlook

Executive Summary In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market :

Data Bridge Market Research analyzes that the global in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices market is expected to reach the value of USD 1,124,983.68 thousand by 2030, at a CAGR of 5.9% during the forecast period.

An influential In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market report looks over the market with respect to general market conditions, market improvement, market scenarios, development, cost and profit of the specified market regions, position, and comparative pricing between major players. To get knowledge of all the above factors, a transparent, extensive, and supreme-quality report is created. This market document has been prepared with the thorough market analysis carried out by a team of industry experts, dynamic analysts, skillful forecasters, and well-informed researchers. Key players in the market, major collaborations, merger and acquisitions along with trending innovation and business policies are also reviewed in In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market report.

Market research covered in the winning In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market business report helps the management of a firm in planning by providing precise and up- to-date information about the consumer’s demands, their changing tastes, attitudes, preferences, and buying intentions etc. The report also includes a comprehensive evaluation of the market’s growth prospects and restrictions. The industry analysis report provides guidelines about planning of advertising and sales promotion efforts. With the data covered in this report, Market of goods can be made efficient and economical which leads to elimination of all type of wastage. Thus, In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market report is a crucial model to have increments in business activities, qualitative work done, and enhanced profits.

Discover the latest trends, growth opportunities, and strategic insights in our comprehensive In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market report. Download Full Report: https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-in-vivo-preclinical-brain-imaging-devices-market

In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market Overview

**Segments**

- Based on modality, the global in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices market is segmented into MRI, CT, PET, SPECT, and others. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) dominates this market segment due to its high spatial resolution and ability to provide detailed images of the brain's structure and function. CT (computed tomography) is also a significant segment, offering detailed cross-sectional images of the brain utilizing X-rays. PET (positron emission tomography) and SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) are widely used for studying brain metabolism and blood flow, allowing for functional imaging of the brain.

- On the basis of application, the market is categorized into neurodegenerative disorders, neurological disorders, brain tumors, psychiatric disorders, and others. Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases represent a key application area for in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices, as early detection and monitoring of these conditions are crucial. The rising prevalence of neurological disorders and brain tumors further drives the demand for advanced imaging technologies for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, the study of psychiatric disorders using brain imaging techniques is gaining traction in research settings.

- By end-user, the market is segmented into research institutes, pharmaceutical companies, and biotechnology companies. Research institutes are the primary end-users of in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices, as they conduct fundamental research to understand brain functions and disorders. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies utilize these imaging technologies for drug development, efficacy studies, and toxicity assessments in preclinical studies.

**Market Players**

- Key players in the global in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices market include Bruker, MR Solutions, Mediso Ltd., Aspect Imaging, Invicro, Milabs B.V., Trifoil Imaging, Agilent Technologies, and Thermo Fisher Scientific. These companies focus on developing cutting-edge imaging devices with advanced features such as high resolution, multi-modal imaging capabilities, and real-time monitoring of brain activity. Strategic partnerships, acquisitions, and product launches are common strategies adopted by these players to strengthen their market presence and expand their product portfolios.

The global in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices market is witnessing significant growth driven by the increasing prevalence of neurological disorders and brain-related conditions. The adoption of advanced imaging technologies such as MRI, CT, PET, and SPECT is on the rise, particularly for studying neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as early diagnosis and monitoring are paramount in managing these conditions effectively. Additionally, the demand for accurate diagnostic tools for neurological disorders, brain tumors, and psychiatric conditions is propelling the market forward, with researchers and healthcare professionals increasingly relying on these imaging devices for insights into brain structure, function, metabolism, and blood flow.

In terms of modality segmentation, MRI stands out as a dominant player in the market, offering high spatial resolution and detailed imaging capabilities that make it indispensable for studying brain structure and function. CT also holds a significant share, providing cross-sectional images with the help of X-rays. PET and SPECT are essential for functional imaging, allowing for the examination of brain metabolism and blood flow patterns. These modalities play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of various brain-related disorders and conditions, contributing to improved diagnosis, treatment planning, and research outcomes.

The market segmentation based on applications sheds light on the diverse use cases of in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices across neurodegenerative disorders, neurological disorders, brain tumors, psychiatric disorders, and other conditions. With a strong emphasis on early detection and monitoring, especially for neurodegenerative diseases, the market is witnessing continuous innovation to enhance imaging technologies' capabilities in detecting subtle changes in the brain. The study of psychiatric disorders using brain imaging techniques is also gaining traction, opening up new opportunities for research and treatment developments in the mental health field.

In terms of end-users, research institutes, pharmaceutical companies, and biotechnology firms constitute the primary user base for in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices. Research institutes play a pivotal role in driving advancements in brain imaging technology, conducting fundamental research to unlock the mysteries of the brain and its associated disorders. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies leverage these imaging tools for drug development, efficacy studies, and toxicity assessments during preclinical stages, highlighting the critical role of imaging devices in advancing therapeutic interventions and treatment modalities.

Key market players such as Bruker, MR Solutions, Mediso Ltd., and others are at the forefront of innovation in the in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices market, focusing on developing state-of-the-art imaging solutions with advanced features to meet the evolving needs of researchers and healthcare professionals. Strategic partnerships, acquisitions, and new product launches are essential strategies employed by these companies to enhance their market presence and expand their product portfolios. As the demand for precise and comprehensive brain imaging technologies continues to grow, the market is poised for further development and advancements in the coming years, driven by a strong emphasis on improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and research outcomes in the field of neuroscience.The global in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices market showcases promising growth prospects fueled by the escalating prevalence of neurological disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and brain-related ailments. The increasing adoption of advanced imaging modalities like MRI, CT, PET, and SPECT underscores the mounting importance of accurate diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning for various brain-related disorders. Specifically, the focus on neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases emphasizes the critical role of early detection and tracking disease progression, driving the demand for sophisticated imaging technologies that can provide comprehensive insights into brain structure and function.

Within the market segmentation based on modalities, MRI emerges as a frontrunner due to its exceptional spatial resolution and detailed imaging capabilities, enabling in-depth exploration of the brain's intricacies. CT holds its ground by offering detailed cross-sectional imaging through X-ray technology. PET and SPECT cater to functional imaging needs by enabling the study of brain metabolism and blood flow patterns, crucial for understanding brain activity in various conditions. These modalities collectively contribute to advancing our knowledge of brain disorders, facilitating accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment strategies.

The application-based segmentation highlights the diverse utility of in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices across a spectrum of conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, neurological diseases, brain tumors, psychiatric ailments, and other relevant areas. The market's focus on early detection and continual monitoring, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases, underscores the significance of ongoing technological innovations that can capture subtle changes in the brain structure and function. Moreover, the exploration of psychiatric disorders through brain imaging techniques signifies a burgeoning opportunity for research and therapeutic advancements in mental health care, paving the way for tailored interventions based on neuroimaging insights.

In terms of end-users, research institutes, pharmaceutical companies, and biotechnology firms constitute the core consumer base driving advancements in in vivo preclinical brain imaging technology. Research institutions play a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of brain disorders through fundamental research, shaping the landscape of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology entities leverage advanced imaging tools for drug development, efficacy assessments, and toxicity evaluations during preclinical studies, underscoring the indispensable role of imaging devices in refining treatment modalities and drug discovery processes.

Key market players such as Bruker, MR Solutions, Mediso Ltd., and others are at the vanguard of innovation in the in vivo preclinical brain imaging devices sector, steering the market forward with cutting-edge imaging solutions equipped with advanced features. Through strategic collaborations, acquisitions, and product launches, these industry leaders fortify their market presence and expand their product offerings to meet the evolving requirements of researchers and healthcare professionals. As the demand for precise and comprehensive brain imaging technologies continues to surge, the market is poised for continued growth and advancement, propelled by the relentless pursuit of enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and research outcomes in the realm of neuroscience.

The In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market is highly fragmented, featuring intense competition among both global and regional players striving for market share. To explore how global trends are shaping the future of the top 10 companies in the keyword market.

Learn More Now: https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-in-vivo-preclinical-brain-imaging-devices-market/companies

DBMR Nucleus: Powering Insights, Strategy & Growth

DBMR Nucleus is a dynamic, AI-powered business intelligence platform designed to revolutionize the way organizations access and interpret market data. Developed by Data Bridge Market Research, Nucleus integrates cutting-edge analytics with intuitive dashboards to deliver real-time insights across industries. From tracking market trends and competitive landscapes to uncovering growth opportunities, the platform enables strategic decision-making backed by data-driven evidence. Whether you're a startup or an enterprise, DBMR Nucleus equips you with the tools to stay ahead of the curve and fuel long-term success.

Key questions answered in the report:

What will the market development pace of the In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market?

What are the key factors driving the Global In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market?

Who are the key manufacturers in the In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Marketspace?

What are the market openings, market hazard and market outline of the In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market?

What are sales, revenue, and price analysis of top manufacturers of In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market?

Who are the distributors, traders, and dealers of In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market?

What are the In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the Global In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Marketindustries?

What are deals, income, and value examination by types and utilizations of the In Vivo Preclinical Brain Imaging Devices Market?

What are deals, income, and value examination by areas of enterprises?

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#market share #market report #market analysis

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