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mariacallous · 3 months

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In less than a day, prosecutors, police and the government in Serbia reacted to an AI deepfake video of Prime Minister Milos Vucevic allegedly posted on Facebook.

The rapid reaction contrasted with other cases of deepfake content posted in Telegram groups or broadcast on national TV stations about Serbian citizens and opposition politicians.

The Special Prosecution Office for High Tech Crime told the police to collect all “necessary notifications” on the matter, said a prosecutor’s statement on Thursday.

On Wednesday, the government said a Facebook account named Corvus01 had posted the AI-generated video statement in which the PM talked about “non-existent government projects”.

“A criminal complaint has been filed against an NN [anonymous] person and work is being done to establish the identity of the person,” the statement said, adding that police had asked Meta company to send them all data on the account and to remove the fake video.

As the video is not publicly available, it was probably removed after the government’s request.

However, BIRN’s Digital Rights Violations Annual Report 2022-2023 noted numerous other cases of AI-generated videos of politicians being published without sanctions.

In August 2023, Zeljko Mitrovic, owner of pro-government TV Pink, published AI-manipulated footage of Marinika Tepic, vice-president of the opposition Freedom and Justice Party, misrepresenting her remarks.

The same month, Mitrovic did the same with Dragan Djilas, president of the Freedom and Justice Party, airing the video on TV Pink as “satire”. Mitrovic posted the deepfake on X and later showed it on TV Pink without the audience being properly informed that it was fabricated.

Mila Tomanovic, a lawyer handling the Djilas case, told BIRN that Djilas sought a temporary measure that would prohibit the broadcast and re-recording of the video but the Higher Court in Belgrade in November 2023 rejected the call. The Court of Appeal then cancelled the decision of the Higher Court, which is currently considering the temporary measure again.

Tomanovic said Mitrovic defended the edited video as artistic expression. “However, the spread of violence, lies, fraud, deception, misuse of other people’s data, provision of false data and fabrication and presenting a person in a false light cannot possibly be art, or of importance to a democratic society,” Tomanovic said.

Other cases in which Serbian institutions didn’t respond concerned tens of thousands of Telegram users in Serbia who were sharing images of women “undressed” by artificial intelligence, as BIRN reported this week.

Ana Toskic Cvetinovic, executive director at Partners for Democratic Change, an NGO from Serbia and a privacy protection expert, told BIRN that the prosecution in the case of the PM likely reacted to a criminal complaint of the unauthorised publication and display of other people’s files, portraits and video.

“In our country, there is no specifically regulated or sanctioned use of artificial intelligence for the generation of audio and video content, so the use of deepfake can be brought under existing criminal offences, such as unauthorised publication,” she said.

She added that what was specific in the latest case was “the speed of reaction of the prosecution, which is mostly absent in other cases”.

“The prosecution and the police generally state that these crimes are difficult to prove, including collecting evidence from companies that manage social networks,” Toskic Cvetinovic noted.

Nina Nicovic, a lawyer, told BIRN that a direct parallel cannot be drawn between the fake recording of PM Vucevic and the deepfake material circulating on social networks and Telegram groups about “ordinary citizens”.

“If something related to the non-existent projects of the government of any country is really published on a video, then every country … has the right to react urgently because it can lead to consequences for the country,” said Nicovic.

However, she added that her impression is that institutions in Serbia only react fast to rights violations in the digital sphere when politicians are involved.

“If they can react so quickly to everything related to the government and politicians, in certain situations such as the Telegram groups they should have reacted just as urgently,” Nicovic said.

She said one big obstacle is that the courts, prosecutor’s offices and the police do not have enough IT experts to help solve these cases.

thinking about @roycohn's post about AI deepfakes and Ted Cruz...

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trojerucica-blr · 6 months

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Movement for the People and State of Aleksandar Vucic

Bon Appetit!

- Brussels Agreement or the sale of Kosovo and Metohija

- Removal of barricades from Serbian municipalities north of Ibar

- Lithium mine Rio Tint near Loznica

- Phantoms (Belgrade on the water or Budva in Belgrade)

- Vladimir Cvijan was killed for evidence of crime at the top of the government

- Oliver Ivanovic was killed for obstructing cooperation between Serbian and Albanian mafia

- Miša Ognjanović killed after getting into a conflict with Diana Hrkalović, state secretary in the Ministry of Internal Affairs

- Sale Mutavi, Velja Nevolja, gendarme Vuckovic and a machine for grinding human meat

- Zvonko Veselinovic and Milan Radoicic are expanding businesses in Serbia while in Kosovo and Metohija there are fewer Serbs

- Karić freed, Cane Subotic... for the processes initiated by the previous regime, Vucic abolished Dajic

- Part of the SNS government became all those who participated in the robbery privatization carried out by DOS, and before that, SPS and JULY of the 1990s (Dinkic, Vlahovic, Miškovic, Beko... ) and that's why the cases of controversial privatizations have not been resolved, even those that have been selected by the EU

- љeljko Mitrovic, Vulin's godfather and friend of ambassador Hill still does what he wants, obviously, he and his loved ones can kill people too, police will not touch them

- Vulin's "aunt from Canada", 24 apartments of Sinisa Mali in Bulgaria and the testimony of Marija Mali, Millenium team, Goran Vesić, Zorana Mihajlovic, Zoran Babic and the death of Stanika Gligorijevic at Doljevac toll station, affairs with judges and prosecutors...

- Slaviša Kokeza and Neša Roming left Serbia but their companies in Serbia are still working

- Jovanjica - plantation owner on the loose, being persecuted by police officers who arrested him

- Vucic supported the Clintons and Soros in the fight against Trump

- Washington Accord

- French-German or Ohrid Agreement (last step in selling Kosovo and Metohija)

- Ana Brnabic, as the Prime Minister of Serbia, had a child with another wife

- Gay parades and Europride organized by the ambassador of the Quinta state in Belgrade

- Crimes and violations of human rights during the pl(l) pandemic on the instructions of the satanists from WHO

- Center for the fourth industrial revolution of the World Economic Forum opened in Belgrade

- Agreement of the Government of Serbia with Pfizer that the citizens of Serbia serve as guinea pigs in experiments

- Private banks are worse than public enterprises and above the state, NBS controlled by the IMF

- Justice, police and private executors in the service of the state and the mafia and foreign occupiers

- The price of the consumer basket is higher than the average salary

- Farmers are failing, foreign investors are still receiving huge state subsidies

- EPS and Telekom Serbia are collapsing, the authorities are preparing to privatize the remaining economic and natural resources, as they are preparing the final sale of Kosovo and Metohija

- Dinar exchange rate in the service of import lobby, there is no consumer protection

- All big jobs are controlled by a small number of people from the top government or the "deep state"

- The worst food from the world is being imported, medical waste is being burned, poisons are being spread all over, parks for children are being destroyed, there are more and more sick people

- Health and education systems destroyed, negative selection worse than in communism

- Unconstitutional, discriminatory and unscientific Law on Gender Equality has been adopted

- Rigging elections, as it was done in the first communist elections

- Export of Serbian weapons to Ukraine, the Krusic affair, plane with weapons crash, helicopter crash...

- Serbia has not officially imposed sanctions on Russia, but unofficially it has and does nothing to solve the problem in the transport of goods and money transactions between Russia and Serbia

- The authorities in Belgrade on the side of Croatian revisionists who are reducing the number of Serbian victims in the Ustasha concentration camp Jasenovac and NDH

- The life of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija has become unbearable, Serbs about to disappear from Kosovo and Metoch

- The released convicted for the murder of Slavko Curuvija

- The cases of murdered journalists and judge Nebojsa Simeunovic are still not resolved

- There is no free media, there is only regime and pro-European media

- Red Star and Partizan in even bigger debts, before the SNS came to power we were the best in water polo in the world, today we are nowhere, Red Star fan leaders are spreading business while graffiti "When the army returns to Kosovo" are spreading across Serbia

- The murders of the guards in Topcider are not solved, no one was responsible for the death of Dejan Stojkovic at the Peshter polygon, and the Serbian Army led by NATO announces return of compulsory military term

- The case of missing babies has not been resolved, the most important thing for the centers for social work is to take away a child from their parents in Serbia and give them for adoption to foreigners

- The rights of children and parents are being violated, the right to choice is not respected, the state is interfering with the private life of citizens

- Nobody was responsible for the tragedies in Ribnikar and Dubona and Mali Orasje

- Reality shows are not banned, pronography with violence is the main content in domestic media, movies and series

- Serbia's external debt is growing, more and more citizens of Serbia in debt slavery, fuel price (because of state excise) highest in the region

- Police plan to introduce total control of citizens through video surveillance systems on the streets and through digitalization, such as in China or the UK

Movement for the People and State of Aleksandar Vucic

Bon Appetit!

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kathleenseiber · 4 years

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Ebenezer Howard gives us the garden city

Think of the world’s great cities and the word “plan” does not come readily to mind. Most show scant signs of intelligent organisation, their organic growth resembling ivy spreading alongside a footpath, directed by whim as much as by geography.

Ebenezer Howard, in his garden, in 1826. Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Social scientists now recognise that along with establishing a physical space, cities need to accommodate environmental and social systems such as schools, transport, housing, employment and sanitary requirements.

In the International Encyclopaedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Robert Freestone, from Sydney’s University of New South Wales, writes that: “On balance, urban planning initiatives have meant that a significant proportion of humanity on every continent found itself living in better circumstances at the end of the twentieth century than at the beginning.”

In the same book, Naomi Carmon, from the Israel Institute of Technology, writes that the aim of early city planning initiatives was to “make the city and its neighbourhoods safe, sanitary, economically efficient, and socially attractive”.

The prominent figure at the beginning this city planning movement, Carmon suggests, is Ebenezer Howard, whose 1902 book, Garden City of Tomorrow, “influenced 20th-century urban planning more than any other publication”.

In his 1982 book, Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier, author Robert Fishman says, “Of the three planners discussed here, Ebenezer Howard is the least known and the most influential.”

“If Howard’s achievements continue to grow in importance,’ he adds, “Howard the man remains virtually unknown.”

The man was born in London, England, on 29 January 1850, but in 1871 emigrated to the US, where he tried, but failed, to make a go at farming in Nebraska.

He’d left school at 15 and found work in London as a stenographer, so when his US farming efforts were unsuccessful, he moved to Chicago and returned to shorthand as a court reporter and newspaper stenographer. When he returned to London in 1876 he worked for the Hansard company as a Parliamentary reporter.

Max Steuer, writing in the June 2000 edition of the British Journal of Sociology, in a paper titled “A hundred years of town planning and the influence of Ebenezer Howard”, says Howard “had no particular educational background, but always took an interest in social movements”.

The idea for which Howard is renowned is his scheme for “garden cities”, several of which were built and exist in Britain and the US, along with many of the principles he established being adopted around the world.

Ebenezer Howard’s original garden city concept. Credit: Wikimedia Commons

A 2019 paper by Dragica Gataric from the University of Belgrade, in Serbia, says Howard “proposed the establishment of a new city type in order to remove/reduce the differences between rural and urban settlements”.

Gataric says Howard envisioned these garden cities as environmentally friendly places with the economic and cultural advantages of city life as well as ecological advantages of rural areas.

Howard planned his garden city in fine detail, down to the number of inhabitants – about 32,000 – and layout. There was to be six boulevards radiating out from a city centre, circular in shape with park and public buildings, dividing the city into six equal housing units, each of which including a school and about 5000 inhabitants. Factories, workshops, warehouses, and the like would be located along the city’s periphery, alongside a circular railroad that would surround the city.

Gataric says Howard introduced zoning into the city planning process, such as industrial, residential, public space and green areas, “with the idea that they should be spatially separated units”.

If the garden city was to reach its capacities by its spatial and demographic development, she says, a new garden city would be built on the outskirts of that home city.

“The city would be surrounded by a ‘spatial wall’ – a green belt (intended for agriculture and recreation), whose function would be to limit population and spatial expansion (urban growth), as well as to provide the urban population with immediate proximity to greenery and the agricultural environment. It would also be a sports and recreation zone.”

Howard continued as a Hansard reporter for all of his working life. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1924.

He died on 1 May 1928 in one of his own creations, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England.

Ebenezer Howard gives us the garden city published first on https://triviaqaweb.weebly.com/

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architectuul · 7 years

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Building Again

In this edition Armina Pilav presents Ivan Štraus (1928) notable with his architecture realizations of Imperial Board of Telecommunications in Addis Ababa (1969), UNIS Towers (1986), BH Electric Power Building (1978), Holiday Inn Hotel (1983) in Sarajevo and Museum of Aviation (1989) in Belgrade. Some of his works, like Olympic Press Centre in Bjelasnica (1983) were destroyed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1996).

Ivan Štraus | Photo by Zoran Kanlić (2014)

Following several long conversations with Ivan Štraus, I came to realize that he represents a prism through which we can re-examine the task of architecture and the role of the architect during and after the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and all Post-Yugoslav territory. His long and varied life experience allows us to consider the role of different generations of architects in the making of a complex architectural context. Sarajevo is an example of shifting political and material realities in which architecture continually acquires new meanings. It is a city where Štraus lives and still practices architecture through writing and conversations with journalist and architects.

This story is guided by Štraus’ thought that “architecture makes sense only as the practice of the present”. A very important figure in this story is Lebbeus Woods, who visited Sarajevo in 1993. He was taking the role of journalist, because during the siege, coming into and going out of the city was controlled and limited, and media workers were in the group of those who could access the city. Lebbeus brought with him a copy of a freshly printed pamphlet War and Architecture, which marked the beginning of an unusual relationship. Ivan Štraus spoke at the book presentation, appropriately staged in the destroyed building of the Olympic Museum. Following the visit, Štraus and Woods remained in contact, leading to some interesting exchanges about reconstruction. I found Ivan Štraus’ Architect and Barbarians [1], a diary he wrote during the first years of the siege of Sarajevo. Štraus’ witnessing was soon joined by the work of Lebbeus Woods, who saw the condition with an equally lucid eye, and gave it both verbal and visual articulation. This led to my interest in Štraus today: a rare architect who gained the opportunity to build again one of his destroyed buildings.

Destruction of Sarajevo. | Photo by Zoran Kanlić (1993-1994)

Wars on the territory of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, including the most brutal one, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, destroyed more than just significant architectural achievements. They also erased the names of architects who shaped socialist landscape in the period of 1945-1991. With the end of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1996, much of past modernist achievements became insignificant.

Ivan Štraus, once Yugoslav, today Bosnian architect of Slovenian origins responded to my phone call with a quiet and tired voice. Already in his late eighties, he nevertheless accepted the proposal to meet. He said he would do it for the sake of architecture and future generations. The first meeting with Štraus started with my prepared interview. I was asking question after question in a structured and formal way, and soon that turned out to be unnecessary, because his life and work cannot fit within the form of an interview. At the end of our meeting Štraus started to ask me questions. He also asked me if I could bring some examples of my architecture for the next meeting.

Ivan Štraus: Were you surprised by the decision of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Art?

Armina Pilav: I was more surprised by you than by the Academy decision. I think by the way you accepted the invitation to join the Serbian Academy of Science, the idea in general.

Ivan Štraus: And what is that way you are talking about?

Armina Pilav: You said yes! It says enough about your culture of openness, the way of thinking.

Ivan Štraus: And about my consistency. Whenever it is about architecture, it is in first place.

Armina Pilav: It says a lot about the continuity of your thoughts, work, and the very act of accepting: “Yes, I accept your invitation to be a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Art”, is a great thing. I think that no one would do it given to the political situation in our region, how people think and what is important about our cities. The way you did it, is a timeless act and something that cannot be located in any of our political or ideological contexts. You were thinking about your legacy that we will have one day.

UNIS towers (1986) were renamed Momo and Uzeir, a symbol of Yugoslav brotherhood and unity in Sarajevo. | Photo by Zoran Kanlić (2015)

In the context of generational crossings of Bosnian architects, Štraus still has autonomy as architect, as he could choose to be both a member of Serbian Academy and a Bosnian architect who still remembers and was writing about Serbian forces that were destroying his buildings and the city. In Belgrade, at the ceremony for new members of the Serbian Academy, he signed one diary to one of his colleagues who lives in Belgrade. I understand Štraus’ consent to become a member of the Serbian Academy as an act of deterritorialization and reconceptualization of the conflict between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. And, finally including Croatia that will in the future turn out to be more successful than any other political-economical agreement between our countries.

Hotel Holliday Inn (1983) was a war residence for foreign reporters. | Photo by Zoran Kanlić (2015)

Building Again

As a consequence of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the systematic destruction of cities (1992-1996), two buildings in Sarajevo designed by Štraus were rebuilt. The first is Elektroprivreda office building on which he worked again after the war with almost the same prewar members of his design and construction team.

Elektroprivreda building in 1978. | Photo via Elektroprivreda archive

He decided to reconstruct Elektroprivreda up to the second floor keeping its pre-war concrete construction while, from the second floor to the top, war ruins were destroyed and removed, and that part of the building has been rebuilt.

Elektroprivreda served as the headquarters of the company for the power distribution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. | Photo by Zoran Kanlić

The second building is the Momo and Uzeir towers. In this reconstruction he did not participate or, as he says, he was for political reasons excluded from the project. Apart from the war diary that I consider as important as all of his built houses, an additional reason to talk with Štraus has been to understand how the Sarajevo of today has been influenced by the processes of postwar reconstruction, and what it means to him to build again.

In spatial terms the war has changed the city and the city has changed us. Due to the systematic destruction of buildings and life in Sarajevo, new architectural and urban elements were created: the barricades, temporary, movable and immovable protection walls from sniper bullets for pedestrians, urban gardens on balconies for vegetables, trenches, temporary cemeteries in parks and sports fields, art galleries in ruined buildings, innovative man-powered transportation systems for wood, open buildings and houses without parts of their roofs, walls, windows, at that time creating for us “an unknown city – an open city, the truth of the city...view on the structure of life, buildings, neighbors‘ relation.”[2]

Destroyed school in the Ali Pašino neighborhood. | Photo by Armina Pilav (2014)

Although, at a quick glance, Sarajevo today looks, and is publicly presented as a renewed city, some of these war architectural and urban elements are still present in the central and the peripheral parts of the city, such as: half-destroyed buildings of the former Maršal Tito barracks, remnants of the cable car, the Olympic Museum, the school in the neighborhood Ali Pašino, the Observatory building and the bobsled on the Trebević Mountain, trenches near the houses above Vraca neighborhood, and many others.

Destroyed building of the former Maršal Tito barracks and observatory building on the Trebević mountain. | Photo by Zoran Kanlić (2012)

Keeping in mind previously mentioned examples of war architectural heritage of Sarajevo, studying the work of Štraus and Woods, and from conversations with Štraus, I believe that to explore how it is possible to observe a ruined city as the one for all citizens, and not as the city for speculative constructing and manipulation with the war memories is a complex cultural and urban question.

This can also be read from the image of Sarajevo of today where after the war, reconstruction of the city has been observed and implemented as the construction of the new city, building even more square meters than we actually need, often neglecting socio-spatial relations and architectures built before the war, as well as a collective memory and life in the wartime city. The following text presents one part of the interview with Ivan Štraus on postwar reconstruction of his buildings, on Sarajevo in general, and about visions of architect Lebbeus Woods for the destroyed Elektroprivreda building.

Armina Pilav: Can you tell me which is your favorite building of those you built in Sarajevo, and why?

Ivan Štraus: It seems to me that you made a jump in time, as if nothing happened in the meantime. Only Sarajevo. At the beginning of my career I wanted to build houses in Sarajevo. That was my principal wish. I never had a wish to build in Europe and Yugoslavia. I even refused some offers to work in the notable Canadian bureau in Montreal. I also refused to stay in Addis Ababa after we finished construction of the designed complex for the General Post Office and Ministry of Telecommunication of Ethiopia. That was a surprise. Imagine you don’t know Addis Ababa or anything about it, you send your work by air mail, and you receive an unexpected first prize for an architectural project that allows you to continue to work on it and to construct the building. In Sarajevo, I wanted to build houses, which you can see and recognize by my design. Thus, it is difficult to choose among them which one is my favorite.

Armina Pilav: Even today, after all this time of existence of your built houses you do not know which is your favorite?

Ivan Štraus: After all this time and postwar reconstruction, with a note, actually reminding me, that every evil could serve towards something good. I would like to convey this thought to the almost four years’ war siege of Sarajevo when the Elektropriveda building was destroyed.

Destroyed Elektroprivreda office building. | Photo Elektroprivreda archive (1992)

Is there anything more beautiful than to have the opportunity to build Elektroprivreda again, to correct some things that were built in a hurry? It could have been built better, but urgency of construction was conditioned by the availability of the construction materials. Importation of construction materials is today better than when I was building Elektroprivreda for the first time. For example, in constructing it for the first time, I had to install elevators from local producers. But for the reconstruction we imported elevators; everything was different. The renewed building I visited recently is different and better than after the first time it was built. This is because there was more money, more educated people and possibilities to import new technologies.

The reconstructed Elektroprivreda that you can see today is what I wanted to build before the war, but there was no time or resources for it. I planned different colors for it, but during Yugoslavia we couldn’t import aluminum in those colors. Before the war you could import construction materials only through the military company Unis and that’s why Elektroprivreda looked as it did before the war. I am glad that a fountain planned with the first project, when there was no money for it at that time, has been built within the reconstruction.

Elektroprivreda office interior during the war | Photo by Zoran Kanlić (1993)

Armina Pilav: I was wondering if the new colors of the Elektroprivreda were your choice or whether there is some political reason for it, whether the change of the political system and state could demand changes of the building aesthetics?

Ivan Štraus: The colors were my choice. I always had the ambition to introduce colors on the facades. I had great collaboration with the Elektroprivreda administration during the rebuilding process and as investors they respected all my decisions.

Armina Pilav: In which year was the reconstruction of UNIS towers started?

Ivan Štraus: It was in 2000 but, for political reasons, I was excluded from the reconstruction of the Momo and Uzeir (UNIS) towers. I worked only on the reconstruction of the Elektroprivreda building.

Armina Pilav: Did you use prewar drawings for the reconstruction of Elektroprivreda or did you have to make additional new drawings?

Ivan Štraus: I made new drawings.

Armina Pilav: How was it, running the process of the reconstruction?

Ivan Štraus: It is very difficult to explain. The director of Elektroprivreda at the time of reconstruction, Edhem Bičakčić with collaborators, agreed with me to remove everything what was above the second floor - literally to cut off ruined parts of the building: all of those architectural elements that were one on top of the other due to the destruction by rockets, tank shells and other destructive weapons. After the building remained clean up to the second floor, we started building the concrete structure. I had time in accordance with the investors to change some things in the new building with respect to the previous project.

Cleaning the ruined parts of the Elektroprivreda. | Photo by Zoran Kanlić (2000)

Armina Pilav: How did you document reconstruction of the Elektroprivreda building? Besides new drawings, did you produce some photos?

Ivan Štraus: No, we didn’t need anything else. We knew how it looked like before the war. There are photos.

Armina Pilav: The reconstruction process happened as you planned?

Ivan Štraus: There are other methods for the reconstruction of the buildings. I’ve had these principles for Elektroprivreda. For instance, I don’t agree with many colleagues who promote the idea that the building should be reconstructed as it once was: regardless of the general importance of the building or within the history of Sarajevo and Bosnia and Herzegovina, or for the history of architecture and what were these buildings before their destruction. According to many architects, everything about the postwar building should be as it was before the war, independent from demand or form its function in the future.

Armina Pilav: We talked a lot about the technical reconstruction processes. I will mention only Elektroprivreda, because you were involved in that reconstruction from the beginning. But, you didn’t say anything about your feelings. How does it feel to rebuild the same architecture?

Ivan Štraus: I don’t know.

Armina Pilav: What was your feeling? What does it mean to you, to construct technically the same architectural project two times?

Ivan Štraus: It means that we made a better building. It would be a tragedy to have made a worse building than in the first attempt. The third time would be even better, again a bit of black humor.

Lebbeus Woods proposed visions for postwar reconstruction of Sarajevo.The plan is presented in his books “War and Architecture” (1993) and “Radical Reconstruction” (1997) | Source via Lebbeus Woods

Lebbeus Woods visions for the reconstruction of the Elektroprivreda, Sarajevo and his thoughts about the war and architecture could serve as an integral methodology to the local architecture works about postwar reconstruction of unfinished city. Postwar construction speculation and building up glass buildings that, when finished, mostly remain empty, have contributed to the preservation of the war image of Sarajevo. Thus, the war in urban and architectural terms is still ongoing but without shells and bombs. Through the collection of micro-stories about Ivan Štraus, I was interested to learn about his collaboration with Lebbeus Woods. I was curious about possible intersections, juxtapositions of their two different approaches for the reconstruction of the destroyed Elektroprivreda, while comparing Woods’ radical proposal and Štraus’ choice to build again the same architectural form.

Armina Pilav: I assume that you are familiar with the work of Lebbeus Woods and his visions for the reconstruction of Elektroprivreda and Sarajevo?

Ivan Štraus: Not only with his work, I met Lebbeus personally in Sarajevo. He wanted to continue communication with me, but he showed up in a bad moment of my life. I was really in a bad mood in those days.

Armina Pilav: Was it during the war? I know that he came to Sarajevo at the beginning of the war?

Ivan Štraus: Yes, in the war. I have read his story about Sarajevo’s destruction and promoted his pamphlet War and Architecture inside the destroyed Olympic museum in 1993. And then our communication got lost somewhere.

Ivan Štraus and Lebbeus Woods in the destroyed Olympic Museum Sarajevo in 1993 | Photo via Lebbeus Woods

Armina Pilav: I am asking this because we know that Woods gave his vision for the reconstruction of the Elektroprivreda. Did you ever talk about it and did you see his sketches?

Ivan Štraus: I tried to show it to the people on the top positions in the Elektroprivreda company. I didn’t have a word for that. We should bring Lebbeus to explain his vision to them, but that was not necessary, because the result would be the same. They would just have moved it to the side and said “look what can be constructed”.

Armina Pilav: Lebbeus, like you, have had the attitude that the building from before the war, once destroyed, cannot be the same after the postwar reconstruction. If we look at his work, he is elaborating and presenting his position and ideas about postwar reconstruction differently than you. You have said before in our conversations: “with the reconstruction we cannot build the same building. Instead, with the reconstruction, we can correct some things, or some parts of the building can be constructed better than they were at first”. I believe that Lebbeus and you do not diverge in your thinking, but his and your postwar Elektroprivreda, esthetically and in architectural form, are different.

Ivan Štraus: I am more realistic. I think that he is not. When he was showing to me his drawings and explaining the vision, he saw the possibility to realize something like that in Sarajevo. He was saying that he would love to do it. I told him that I will do everything, but that he shouldn’t expect from me more than I can do.

Armina Pilav: It means that you were open for changes in the prewar design of the Elektroprivreda?

Ivan Štraus: Yes. I even made a certain kind of intersection of our drawings. I partially transferred his drawing on to my drawing. I sent it to him by mail, and wrote: “Lebbeus. Don't be surprised, this is not your drawing, this is my drawing, we could make something of your proposal, but the dimensions should be reduced, because we cannot over construct it.” They should have this drawing in the Elektroprivreda archive, because it was in the meeting of the board of the directors. It was a paraphrase of a man who wanted to do us a favor. He wanted to try to build something different.

Ivan Štraus and Armina Pilav in Sarajevo. | Photo by Zoran Kanlić (2014)

Armina Pilav: Can you comment on the postwar reconstruction of Sarajevo after twenty years of war? Is postwar Sarajevo what we needed as citizens or perhaps the city could have been a bigger spatial experiment regarding to the urban and architectural forms, aesthetics, what Lebbeus Woods was also suggesting and what you were trying to show in the end?

Ivan Štraus didn’t reply to this question, but he said to me that he gave many interviews and himself wrote articles about the possible postwar reconstruction of Sarajevo for local and international newspapers, such as Sarajevo notebook and Libération from Paris.

After our first meeting, I continue to meet Ivan Štraus often and talk about the architecture, even if I personally still didn’t build any houses, but whenever I call Štraus to arrange our meeting he greets me as “good afternoon colleague”.

The first time he said that, I thought that we could never be colleagues, in view of our different architectural expressions: Štraus who was building more than writing, and myself who tends to write rather than build. Finally, I realized that my thoughts about not being a Štraus colleague were my own limitation.

Long conversations with Štraus based on our different architecture-related experiences made me rethink and become more interested in the cross-generational meeting of architects, even informal ones. We need to create space and find the time for open conversations and sharing of knowledge that include different generations, in order to understand better contemporary cities and the importance of the Yugoslavian architectural legacy with all respect to their original design and authors.

---

by Armina Pilav, photo by Zoran Kanlić

[1] Ivan Štraus, 1995. “Architects and Barbarians”, International Center for Peace, Sarajevo, p.136. [2] Nedžad Kurto in the tekst Sketches of the City in the War, published in Warchitecture magazine, 1993.

#interview

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karaktercovekovjenjegovasudbina · 6 years

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selidbe-beograd-beo-selidbe-doo · 1 year

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mariacallous · 10 months

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Serbia’s Higher Prosecution Office has been shaken again, this time by accusations about forged statements. Zeljka Nikolaidis, a prosecutor for organised crime in the Higher Public Prosecution, confirmed to BIRN that her alleged statement used in a disciplinary complaint against her superior, Nenad Stefanovic, and his deputy, Brankica Maric, was forged.

The statement was submitted without her signature, with the Prosecution Office facsimile misused without her knowledge during her vacation, she said.

Her alleged statement, which she called “80 per cent inaccurate”, was used in favour of Stefanovic and Maric in a disciplinary case initiated by two other prosecutors who were previously moved from their posts against their will while leading a corruption case involving a company linked to the ruling party.

The disciplinary case against Stefanovic and Maric, who were previously accused of favouring the ruling party, was dismissed.

“I cannot say who did it but my logic says that it was probably those who had an interest to do that. The disciplinary case was against Stefanovic and Maric. My statement likely influenced that case against them being dropped,” Nikolaidis told BIRN. She added that she will ask for the removal of her statement.

“This is a serious criminal offence and the Prosecution for Organised Crime needs to react,” she said.

Nikolaidis resigned a month ago as chief of the Special Department for the fight against corruption in the Public Prosecutors Office but has remained to work as a prosecutor.

The stir in the Higher Public Prosecutor’s Office started in February when two prosecutors – Bojana Savovic and Jasmina Paunovic – who had worked on a corruption case in EPS, the state-owned electric power company, were transferred to other positions.

Their removal came after the police arrested six people suspected of having lost EPS $7.5 million during the performance of works at the thermal power plant Kostolac B. Some of the suspects were employees of a company long linked with the ruling Serbian Progressive Party.

Prosecutor Stefanovic and his associate Maric denied a political motivation for the removals but giving several conflicting explanations about the reasons for transferring the prosecutors in the middle of an operation to arrest the suspects.

The Association of Prosecutors of Serbia has backed Savovic and Petrovic, while a protest was held in Belgrade in their support with calls for the independence of judiciary.

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neptunecreek · 5 years

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Activists Worldwide Face Off Against Face Recognition: 2019 Year in Review

We’ve all heard the expression, “What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas.” We might hope that what we do and where we go will only be known to those who were there in person. Yet maintaining such anonymity and privacy in public spaces is becoming ever more difficult. 2019 has marked the year where a growing digital rights network around the world is pushing back against governments and companies’ use of face recognition technologies in public spaces. This year, in an attempt to prevent people from having their movement and actions meticulously tracked, these activists took action against face recognition in countries all over the world.

Ban on Mass Use of Face Recognition

Digital rights activists have long argued that face recognition constitutes mass surveillance when used to track the movements of entire populations in public spaces by matching faces obtained from CCTV cameras, drones or other devices against existing databases. In October, more than 90 NGOs and hundreds of experts gathered in Albania at the International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners and called for a global moratorium on mass surveillance by face recognition. The Public Voice coalition urged countries to review all face recognition systems “to determine whether personal data was obtained lawfully and to destroy data that was obtained unlawfully.” In addition, the Fundamental Rights Agency of the European Union (FRA) has also published a paper recognizing that “given the novelty of the technology as well as the lack of experience and detailed studies on the impact of facial recognition technologies, multiple aspects are key to consider before deploying such a system in real-life applications”. It further said that “[f]orms of facial recognition that involve a very high degree of intrusion into fundamental rights, compromising the inviolable essential core of one or more fundamental rights, are unlawful.” And the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, David Kaye, called for an immediate moratorium on the sale, transfer, and use of surveillance technology, including face recognition, until legal frameworks are established that meet human rights standards.

In Russia, Roskomsvoboda launched a campaign calling for a moratorium on government mass use of face recognition until the technology’s effects are studied and the government adopts legal safeguards that protect sensitive data. In the United Kingdom, 25 NGOs including Big Brother Watch, Article 19, Open Rights Group, and Privacy International called on U.K. police and private companies to immediately stop using live face recognition for public surveillance. In 2016 and 2018, face recognition trials in London erroneously identified individuals as potential criminals in 96 percent of scans, a pervasively high rate of false-positive matches. Also this year, Big Brother Watch launched a legal challenge against the London Metropolitan Police and the Home Secretary to demand an immediate end to the police’s use of live face recognition. In France, La Quadrature du Net (LQDN) called for a ban on the mass use of face recognition to identify protesters. In the last six years, the French government has adopted several decrees—without any public debate—that allow for automatic identification of protesters. And in the United States, local activists took up the fight against face recognition by successfully passing face recognition bans at the city level. Oakland, San Francisco, Berkeley, and Somerville, Massachusetts all passed bans on government use of face recognition technology. Earlier this year, California prohibited the use of face recognition on law enforcement body-worn cameras, causing San Diego to end its long-running mobile face recognition program.

La Quadrature du Net and other French NGOs also filed an action to ban the use of face recognition in two high schools in Nice and Marseille. Those actions led CNIL, France’s data protection authority, to conclude that the use of face recognition at the entrance of the schools to target mostly minors is not “necessary or proportionate,” and that the goals of the program could "be achieved by much less intrusive means in terms of privacy and individual freedoms." In a similar case in Sweden, the Swedish Data Protection Authority (DPA) imposed a General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) fine of approximately 20,000 euros on a municipality after a school conducted a pilot using face recognition technology to track students’ attendance. The Swedish DPA rejected the municipality's argument that the school had consent to process sensitive biometric information, as required under the GDPR, indicating that “consent was not a valid legal basis given the clear imbalance between the data subject and the controller.” Unfortunately, only a few months later, the same Swedish DPA issued another decision allowing police departments to use face recognition to compare face images from CCTV footage to criminal biometric databases. The decision clarified that police must set a retention period for biometric information collected from cameras.

Ending the Culture of Secrecy

This year, Latin American NGOs have been fighting back against a deeply rooted culture of secrecy surrounding face recognition providers’ identity, data sources, data collection methods, applications, and customers. TEDIC, the main digital rights organization in Paraguay, filed a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of a Ministry of the Interior resolution that denied TEDIC’s public records request for further details about the Ministry of Interior and the National Police’s use of face recognition technology. Face recognition has been used in Asunción’s downtown area, airport, and bus stations since 2018, and is now planned to be expanded throughout Asunción.

In Argentina, Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC) filed a lawsuit against the Government of the City of Buenos Aires challenging the constitutionality of Resolution 398/19, which introduced a face recognition system linked to the city’s security camera infrastructure and monitoring centers. ADC filed the lawsuit after receiving responses to two information requests about the face recognition system.

Access Now, in collaboration with ADC and the Observatorio de Derecho Informático Argentino, sent an information request to the Argentine province of Córdoba related to the October 2019 announcement of a test of a biometric recognition system linked to video cameras that use artificial intelligence. In Peru later that month, Access Now and Hiperderecho sent similar information requests to La Victoria, San Martín de Porres, and Miraflores, municipal districts of Lima. Among the information requested are the technology provider’s identity, the system’s technical specifications, and the procedures for identification and apprehension of suspicious persons.

Latin American NGOs also launched advocacy campaigns against face recognition. Derechos Digitales launched an advocacy campaign to shine a light on the different face and biometric recognition proposals being considered in Latin America. And in Brazil, inspired by the images Gu Da Cei received through an information request, the artist carried out human intervention campaigns at bus stations in Brasilia to expose photos taken by a bus face biometrics system and reinforce the right of public transport users to their own image.

Role of Private Companies In The Use of Face Recognition for Surveillance

This year, reports have also come to light about the role of private companies in the public use of face recognition. A New York Times report revealed how Chinese companies such as C.E.I.E.C. were successfully commercializing versions of China’s mass face recognition system by exporting them to developing countries, in particular, Ecuador, Bolivia, Angola, and Venezuela. The implementation of the system in Ecuador, ECU911, has simultaneously been popular among Ecuadorians worried about street crime and amplified fears about abuse of the system for political repression. Just before the end of the year, 78 facial recognition CCTVs linked to ECU911 were installed in the Historic Center of Quito, the site where hundreds of indigenous activists recently protested the Ecuadorian government. Derechos Digitales published a report finding that C.E.I.E.C. was also active in Bolivia’s security program and that the funding for the program came from a Chinese national bank. Internet Bolivia told Derechos Digitales that Bol-110, the ambitious project to acquire surveillance technologies in Bolivia, “will be in everything: in schools, taxis, hospitals.” And although Bol-110 was not approved by the Bolivian Congress, the face recognition system has already been purchased.

In Serbia, SHARE Foundation submitted a request for information about a new video surveillance system with face recognition and license plate reader technology. Huawei, a Chinese company, was revealed to be the Serbian government’s main partner in the endeavor. Additionally, SHARE Foundation unearthed a case study published on Huawei’s website about new generation surveillance cameras that have already been installed in Belgrade. Huawei removed the case study from its website soon after SHARE Foundation’s revelation was made public. In November, SHARE called for the immediate suspension of Serbia’s face recognition program. In a recent report, SHARE, along with NGOs Partners Serbia and Belgrade Center for Security Policy, concluded that the Ministry of Interior’s privacy impact assessment of the surveillance cameras does not meet the standards required by the Serbian data protection law. Brazilian legislators, meanwhile, received an all-expenses-paid trip to China to learn about and view demonstrations of face surveillance technology that Chinese firms hoped Brazil would also choose to acquire.

Security and Data Leakage

The Brazilian Institute of Consumer Defense (IDEC) sent a demand to Dataprev, a Brazilian public company responsible for the security of Brazilian social security information, requesting that it halt its bid for the acquisition of face recognition and fingerprint technology until cases of beneficiaries’ existing data leaks are resolved. IDEC explained that while the company aimed to integrate face recognition into an app to help people with disabilities access their banking and social security information remotely, the technology’s high risk of breach would compromise the personal information of approximately 35 million Brazilians.

In the Netherlands, Bits of Freedom launched an activism campaign to demonstrate the insecurity of a Dutch Face Recognition pilot program in Amsterdam’s central square, Dam, where a webcam is live-streaming to YouTube and the website webcam.nl. Bits of Freedom downloaded images of its members at the Dam, and then ran the images through Amazon’s face recognition software, Rekognition. The software was able to identify the members. Bits of Freedom concluded that face recognition software, combined with mass surveillance in public spaces, threatens the privacy and security of vulnerable people, including victims of stalking and domestic violence.

Conclusion

This year, governments around the world have moved quickly to adopt face recognition technologies for use in public spaces. But activists have been quick to respond, demanding transparency and winning moratoria and bans on the use of this powerful technology. As we look forward to 2020, the tensions between the government’s use of this technology for public safety and individuals’ right to privacy will continue to heighten. EFF will remain vigilant and continue the global fight against the government adoption of face recognition technology.

This article is part of our Year in Review series. Read other articles about the fight for digital rights in 2019.

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bythebayio · 6 years

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Ana Trbovich at Rethink Trust

Ana Trbovich, Ph.D., is both co-founder and COO of energy blockchain company Grid Singularity and a council member of Energy Web Foundation, a nonprofit foundation developing an open-source energy industry blockchain. She also teaches entrepreneurship at FEFA, a leading business school in Belgrade, Serbia. Previously, Ana consulted on competitiveness and innovation policy for international organizations, including the EU and the World Bank, and had been actively engaged in Serbia’s economic reforms and the EU accession process both as a professional (apolitical), high government official, and senior advisor.

In advance of her talk at Blockchain: Rethink Trust in Amsterdam on June 29, we spoke to Ana about trust in thе energy sector and how blockchain can help reengineer the trust.

What are the existing mechanisms of trust in thе energy sector you want to reengineer?

Ana: My focus lies within reengineering new mechanisms of trust that would empower consumers to take control of and better use their data, choosing which type of energy they consume and how. At present, they rely on utilities to make choices for them and are not aware of options, nor do they have an option to act as an energy provider if they possess an energy resource such as a rooftop solar panel or an electric vehicle.

How did the Energy Web consortium come together?

Ana: Grid Singularity, a startup that I am proud to have co-founded, approached Rocky Mountain Institute, a globally respected cleantech NGO, to establish the Energy Web Foundation as a nonprofit, open-source core blockchain technology provider for the energy industry.

EWF focuses on accelerating blockchain technology across the energy sector by identifying, documenting, and assessing the most promising industry-specific use cases of blockchain technology. Then we build the functionalities needed to implement these use cases at scale through a blockchain platform (“Energy Web Platform”) tailor-made for the energy sector’s unique needs.

The intent of EWF is to develop a market standard that ensures interoperability, reduces costs and complexity, aligns currently dispersed blockchain initiatives, and facilitates technology deployment through easy-to-implement applications.

How does it reengineer trust with blockchain?

Ana: Blockchain enables the creation of prosumers, such as homeowners who have solar or other renewable energy resources they wish to sell to others and can now do so in peer-to-peer transactions. Blockchain facilitates energy access and enhanced use of renewables, connecting the energy market in a way it has never done before.

What are the key inefficiencies that Energy Web addresses?

Ana: Disconnection or weak connection among energy actors is the key inefficiency that EWF addresses. Presently the energy market is too complex to be competitive.

How can it help squeeze out the middlemen plaguing energy trade?

Ana: By facilitating direct transactions based on authentic, verified data exchange. Yet, blockchain is not just about disintermediation. It's about stripping out inefficiency and removing barriers to market entry while improving access for smaller buyers and sellers.

What are the technical challenges adopting the platform for the companies in the consortium?

Ana: Not all of our affiliates are building blockchain energy apps that could immediately be deployed on the platform; however, they learn and initiate pilots and partner with innovators in the ecosystem to adapt to new way of doing business on time.

How does your ex-Yugoslavia background and historical perspective inform your consensus-building at the consortium?

Ana: What does the EU experience of so many different nations with shared history, including war and peace and common market, teach other organizations uniting disparate interests via blockchain-based systems? Our affiliates are global, and energy is both a sector without borders and one where regulation can be very restrictive geographically. Blockchain enables all to rethink options for a more integrated way of developing and exchanging energy resources. For example, there could be one system to register and trade certificates of renewable energy as a simple use case to pursue.

What will the future look like if Energy Web is widely adopted?

Ana: We’re looking to create the future where one will be able to set their electric vehicle to sell excess energy to neighbors, to choose to consume electricity derived only from renewables, and possibly one where their fridge may be able to "negotiate" its electricity expense on the market! If we believe in an energy future in which the world gets most of its electricity generation from renewable sources and distributed, customer-sited smart devices are an integral part of the electricity grid, then we believe blockchain—and the Energy Web chain in particular—is a crucial enabler of that future.

Don’t miss Ana Trbovich at Blockchain: Rethink Trust in Amsterdam on June 29th. Book your ticket now.

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totallyshiny-blog1 · 7 years

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Some Simple Ideas On Rudimentary Mortgage Broker Melbourne Strategies

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Helpful Ideas On Significant Aspects For Mortgage Broker Melbourne

Investigating Easy Tactics For Mortgage Broker Melbourne

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sunny;44;33;SW;8;80%;24%;2 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;A stray p.m. t-storm;91;77;Couple of t-storms;88;77;ESE;5;83%;85%;8 Hong Kong, China;Sunny and pleasant;73;63;Mostly sunny, nice;75;66;E;14;64%;16%;11 Honolulu, United States;Lots of sun, breezy;85;74;A stray shower;85;73;NE;15;54%;44%;11 Hyderabad, India;Partly sunny;102;76;Hazy sunshine;105;78;SSE;5;25%;26%;11 Islamabad, Pakistan;Partly sunny;93;65;Partly sunny and hot;93;67;ENE;9;29%;15%;7 Istanbul, Turkey;Sunny;59;44;Sunny and pleasant;62;47;NE;7;67%;1%;6 Jakarta, Indonesia;A t-storm in spots;88;76;Couple of t-storms;90;77;WSW;6;76%;91%;6 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;Sunny and less humid;90;74;Sunny and pleasant;89;76;N;14;41%;0%;11 Johannesburg, South Africa;Mostly sunny, nice;80;58;Mostly sunny;83;58;NE;5;38%;8%;8 Kabul, Afghanistan;Mostly sunny, warm;72;46;A passing shower;67;46;NNW;6;34%;66%;7 Karachi, Pakistan;Sunny and pleasant;90;75;Mostly sunny;94;77;SW;8;57%;0%;11 Kathmandu, Nepal;A stray Mortgage brokers Oak Laurel Melbourne, oaklaurel.com.au t-shower;81;58;A t-storm in spots;79;57;SSE;5;58%;42%;10 Khartoum, Sudan;Sunshine and warm;105;73;Sunny and very warm;102;71;NNE;16;13%;0%;13 Kiev, Ukraine;Mostly sunny, warmer;75;47;A p.m. t-storm;72;49;NNW;10;55%;73%;4 Kingston, Jamaica;Partly sunny;90;75;Partly sunny;88;77;ENE;12;61%;27%;11 Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;Mostly cloudy;93;73;A t-storm in spots;93;73;SE;4;67%;72%;8 Kolkata, India;Partly sunny, nice;95;81;Hazy sunshine;95;80;S;13;53%;7%;11 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;A stray p.m. t-storm;86;75;A stray thunderstorm;88;75;N;5;77%;84%;9 La Paz, Bolivia;A t-storm in spots;55;42;A t-storm in spots;53;40;NNE;5;81%;76%;9 Lagos, Nigeria;A t-storm in spots;92;80;A t-storm around;93;80;SW;6;67%;55%;10 Lima, Peru;More clouds than sun;79;70;Decreasing clouds;79;70;S;8;68%;44%;6 Lisbon, Portugal;Mostly sunny;68;50;Periods of sun, nice;73;52;N;7;62%;0%;6 London, United Kingdom;Some sun, fog early;59;41;Clouds and sun;61;44;SSW;10;61%;27%;4 Los Angeles, United States;Nice with sunshine;78;54;Not as warm;70;52;SSE;15;66%;1%;6 Luanda, Angola;Morning rain, cloudy;89;79;Sunny intervals;94;77;S;7;72%;78%;8 Madrid, Spain;Sunny;65;39;Plenty of sunshine;66;40;NW;4;43%;0%;6 Male, Maldives;Dull and dreary;87;81;A stray thunderstorm;91;81;NW;4;65%;64%;11 Manaus, Brazil;A t-storm in spots;84;75;A morning t-storm;84;75;ESE;6;79%;85%;6 Manila, Philippines;Some sun, less humid;84;76;Sunshine and nice;89;76;ENE;10;47%;44%;11 Melbourne, Australia;Mostly cloudy;64;47;Plenty of sunshine;70;49;E;7;62%;0%;5 Mexico City, Mexico;Mostly sunny;82;46;Nice with sunshine;83;48;SSW;6;16%;0%;15 Miami, United States;Partly sunny;87;75;Partly sunny;83;76;SE;12;70%;21%;7 Minsk, Belarus;Pleasant and warmer;66;47;Cooler;59;37;NNW;8;75%;51%;2 Mogadishu, Somalia;Cooler in the p.m.;101;78;Not as warm;90;79;SSE;9;60%;26%;11 Montevideo, Uruguay;Partly sunny, nice;79;65;Partly sunny;75;62;E;6;73%;44%;5 Montreal, Canada;Milder;47;28;Turning out cloudy;47;35;E;1;54%;75%;5 Moscow, Russia;A shower or two;51;35;Occasional rain;43;31;ENE;7;74%;77%;1 Mumbai, India;Partly sunny;91;79;Hazy sunshine;90;79;WSW;7;69%;0%;11 Nairobi, Kenya;Mostly sunny;86;56;An afternoon shower;85;58;ENE;9;49%;54%;11 New York, United States;Mostly sunny, warmer;60;42;Clouds and sun;55;46;SE;7;58%;88%;5 Nicosia, Cyprus;A shower;67;53;Nice with sunshine;72;49;WNW;9;55%;1%;7 Novosibirsk, Russia;A little a.m. snow;28;11;Mostly sunny;30;16;SSW;11;66%;3%;4 Osaka-shi, Japan;Mostly sunny;60;34;Mostly sunny;60;39;NW;10;50%;30%;7 Oslo, Norway;Decreasing clouds;58;38;Clouds and sun, mild;56;37;S;7;62%;9%;2 Ottawa, Canada;Mostly sunny;46;26;Clouds and sun;49;32;E;8;57%;80%;5 Pago Pago, American Samoa;A stray thunderstorm;86;79;A couple of t-storms;84;79;N;13;81%;94%;6 Panama City, Panama;A shower or t-storm;90;77;A t-storm in spots;90;77;NW;7;71%;55%;11 Paramaribo, Suriname;A bit of rain;87;75;A morning shower;89;75;ENE;10;67%;52%;10 Paris, France;Fog, then some sun;64;44;Fog, then some sun;66;48;N;4;65%;2%;4 Perth, Australia;Sunny;88;61;Plenty of sunshine;87;61;ESE;10;37%;0%;6 Phnom Penh, Cambodia;Cloudy;89;76;A t-storm around;90;75;S;6;68%;55%;4 Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea;A t-storm in spots;86;76;Cloudy, a t-storm;87;75;NNE;6;81%;74%;6 Port-au-prince, Haiti;Partly sunny;93;71;An afternoon shower;91;73;E;4;51%;44%;11 Prague, Czech Republic;A shower or t-storm;70;49;A t-storm, cooler;56;46;NNW;5;70%;83%;4 Pyongyang, North Korea;Nice with sunshine;63;33;Sunny and mild;68;35;NW;5;49%;0%;6 Quito, Ecuador;A little rain;66;47;Occasional rain;70;50;S;10;64%;84%;8 Rabat, Morocco;Sunny and delightful;71;49;Sunny and pleasant;73;51;S;6;65%;0%;7 Recife, Brazil;Afternoon showers;87;80;Spotty showers;88;80;ESE;10;70%;90%;7 Reykjavik, Iceland;Rain and snow;48;45;A touch of rain;48;34;SSW;12;68%;83%;1 Riga, Latvia;Fog this morning;64;41;Cooler;44;34;NW;8;81%;40%;2 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;Partly sunny;81;69;A shower or two;83;69;N;6;68%;67%;7 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Sunny;92;68;Mostly sunny, nice;88;61;NNE;12;25%;0%;12 Rome, Italy;Showers and t-storms;61;46;A t-storm, warmer;69;44;ENE;5;60%;58%;5 Saint Petersburg, Russia;A bit of a.m. rain;41;34;A morning shower;39;30;NE;10;88%;48%;1 San Francisco, United States;Partly cloudy;71;50;Mostly sunny, breezy;67;48;W;21;53%;2%;7 San Jose, Costa Rica;Showers and t-storms;83;67;Showers and t-storms;83;65;ENE;8;67%;82%;10 San Juan, Puerto Rico;A shower or two;84;73;A shower or two;82;75;E;7;75%;76%;11 San Salvador, El Salvador;Partly sunny, nice;79;65;Partly sunny, nice;79;67;W;6;68%;26%;12 Sana'a, Yemen;Mostly sunny;82;51;Sunshine and nice;81;50;ENE;5;25%;3%;15 Santiago, Chile;Sunny and nice;77;46;Partly sunny;80;51;SW;4;40%;9%;6 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic;Periods of sun;87;72;An afternoon shower;86;72;NNE;8;65%;68%;10 Sao Paulo, Brazil;Pleasant and warmer;70;43;Partly sunny;74;46;NNW;5;58%;0%;5 Seattle, United States;Clouds and sunshine;53;39;Periods of sun;53;41;NE;6;63%;3%;3 Seoul, South Korea;Sunny;61;37;Sunny mortgage broker franchise in melbourne and beautiful;65;40;SSW;5;45%;0%;7 Shanghai, China;Mostly sunny;70;52;Some sun, pleasant;72;55;SE;8;45%;0%;6 Singapore, Singapore;A t-storm in spots;91;80;A t-storm in spots;89;77;N;6;75%;82%;8 Sofia, Bulgaria;Sunny;70;36;Partly sunny;68;42;SSE;10;46%;69%;5 St.

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