#saliha sultan daughter of mahmud ii

[ottomanladies]

𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲

[ottomanladies]

Ottoman Princesses named: Saliha

Saliha is a name of Arabic which means virtuous, pious or devoted to God.

[ottomanladies]

On this day in Ottoman history - 18 June 1811 - Saliha Sultan was born:

Saliha Sultan was the eldest daughter of Mahmud II's to reach adulthood. Her mother was Second Imperial Consort Âşûb-i Cân Kadınefendi, though at the time of her birth - on 18 June 1811 - she was the fifth Imperial Consort. Uluçay claims she was born on 17 April 1811, instead.

Saliha was educated with her younger half-sister Mihrimah Sultan (b. 1812) and got married only at the age of 23, most probably due to health problems. Her father Mahmud II chose Halîl Rif’at Paşa for her, and the wedding was held in March 1834. The couple settled in Fındıklı Palace, though Öztuna claims that she had been left Neşâtâbâd Palace by her great-aunt Hatice Sultan (daughter of Mustafa III), and it was there that she lived with her husband.

Though her marriage was not happy, she had three children with Halîl Rif’at Paşa: Sultân-zâde ‘Abdü’l-Hamîd Beyefendi (2.3.1835 – 3.1837), for whose birth a great celebration was held: after the Imperial Family (in six open carriages) had arrived, Saliha Sultan appeared on the terrace of her palace with a large entourage and the head nurse carrying the young infant. For his birth, Mahmud II had ordered cannons to be fired and ministers “had been admitted to the Presence on audiences of congratulation.” Sultân-zâde Câvid Beyefendi (1837?-?), who was buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II. As for her only daughter, Ayşe Sıdıka Hanım-Sultân, there are no dates of birth nor death, but she certainly reached adulthood because she married Server Paşa, son of Sa’îd Server Efendi.

Saliha Sultan died on 5 February 1843 in Neşâtâbâd Palace and was either buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II or in her grandmother Nakşıdil Valide Sultan's. After her death, Halîl Rif’at Paşa remarried and by his third wife had Dâmâd Âsaf Mahmûd Celâleddîn Paşa, who would later marry Seniha Sultan, daughter of Abdülmecid I. Through his first marriage Halîl Rif’at Paşa was related to another Ottoman princess, Cemile Sultan: his grandson Alî Fuâd Paşa married Cemile Sultan's daughter, also called Ayşe Sıdıka Hanım-Sultân.

sources: Julia Pardoe - The City of the Sultan, M. Çağatay Uluçay - Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Necdet Sakaoğlu - Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları, Yılmaz Öztuna - II. Sultan Mahmud

[ottomanladies]

Mahmud II of the Ottoman Empire + the women in his life

[ottomanladies]

Hello,could you list some of Mahmud ll’s granddaughters.

Hello! I have listed all the granddaughters in case someone else wants to know about more of them.

by Saliha Sultan:

Ayşe Sıdıka Hanımsultan (1821 – 1886), who married Server Paşa, son of Saîd Server Efendi.

by Atiye Sultan:

Seniyye Hanımsultan (3.10.1843 – 10.12.1910), who married Hüseyin Hüsnî Paşa, son of Sırkâtibizâde Mustafa Paşa.

Feride Hanımsultan (30.5.1847 – 1.1913), who married Mahmûd Nedîm Paşa and, with him, had Mehmed Sâib Bey (1861 – 28.11.1871)

by Adile Sultan:

Sıdıka Hanımsultan, died in infancy

Aliyye Hanımsultan, died in infancy

Hayriye Hanım-Sultân (6.1846 – 26.7.1869), who married Ahmed Rifat Bey later Paşa

by Sultan Abdülmecid:

Mevhibe Sultan (9/31.5.1840 - 3.11.1840/9.2.1841), daughter of Huşyar Kadınefendi

Naime Sultan (11.10.1840 - 1.5.1843), daughter of Tirimüjgan Kadınefendi and thus full sister of Abdülhamid II.

Fatma Sultan (1.11.1840 - 26.8.1884), daughter of Gülcemal Kadınefendi and thus full sister of Refia Sultan and Sultan Mehmed V Reşad. She firstly married Galib Paşa, who drowned at sea, and secondly Mehmed Nuri Paşa, with whom she had: Mehmed Fuad (1859-1862) and Emine Lutfiye Hanımsultan (1863-1866)

Behiye Sultan (22.2.1841 - 3.6.1847) her mother is listed as the Second Ikbal but no name was given.

Neyyire Sultan (13.10.1841 - 14.1.1844)

Hatice (?) Refia Sultan (7.2.1842 - 4.1.1880), daughter of Gülcemal Kadınefendi, she married Mahmud Edhem Bey (son of the above mentioned Adile Sultan's husband Mehmed Ali Paşa, from a previous wife)

Aliyye Sultan (20.10.1842 - 23.7.1844/10.7.1845), possibly daughter of Şevkefza, later Valide Sultan, and thus full sister of Murad V

Cemile Sultan (17.8.1843 - 26.2.1915), daughter of Düzdidil Kadınefendi, she married Mahmud Celaleddin Bey later Paşa with whom she had: Fethiye Hanımsultan (1887-1915), Fatıma Hanımsultan (1890-1901), Sakıp Bey (1897-1930), Mehmed Celaleddin Bey (maybe twin of Sakıp Bey, 1897-1916)

Münire Sultan (9.12.1844 - 29.6.1862), daughter of Verdicanan Kadınefendi, she married firstly İbrahim İlhami Paşa and secondly Ferik (lieutenant general) İbrahim Paşa

Samiye Sultan (23.2.1845 - 15.4.1845)

Nazime Sultan (26.11.1847 - 1.12.1847)

Sabiha Sultan (15.4.1848 - 27.4.1849), daughter of Mahitab Hanım

Behice Sultan (26.8.1848 - 30.11.1876), daughter of Nesrin Hamın, she married Halil Hamid Paşazade Hamid Bey but died only 14 days after the wedding.

Mukbile Sultan (9.2.1850 - 25.2.1850), daughter of the Fourth Ikbal, no name was given.

Seniha Sultan (5.12.1851 - 15.9.1931), daughter of Nalandil Hanım, she married Mahmud Celaleddin Paşa, with whom she had: "Prince" Sabahaddin Bey (1877-1948) and Sultanzade Lütfullah Bey (1880-1973). Sabahaddin Bey was called "the Prince" in Europe.

Zekiye Sultan (26.1.1855 - 19.2.1856), twin sister of Fehime Sultan

Fehime Sultan (26.1.1855 - 10.11.1856), twin sister of Zekiye Sultan

Şehime Sultan (1.3.1855 - 21.5.1857), daughter of Senior Ikbal Nalandil.

Mediha Sultan (30.7.1856 - 7/9.11.1928), daughter of Gülistu Hamın and thus full sister of Mehmed VI Vahideddin. She married firstly Sami Paşa-zade Necip Bey later Paşa and secondly Damat Ferid Paşa.

Naile Sultan (30.9.1856 - 7/18.1.1882), daughter of Şayeste Hanım, she married Kabasakal Çerkes Mehmed Paşa but died at the age of 25.

Bedia/Bedihe Sultan (30.9.1857 - 12.7.1858), daughter of Serfiraz Hanım

By Sultan Abdülaziz:

Saliha Sultan (10.8.1862 - 1941?), daughter of Dürrinev Başkadınefendi and younger sister of Şehzade Yusuf İzzeddin Efendi. "She was engaged to a son of Khedive Ismail of Egypt, but the engagement was broken off  after her father’s deposal and in April 1889 she married Ahmed Zülküfil Paşa". Her only child was Kâmile Hanım Sultan, who died in 1896.

Nazima Sultan (26.2.1866 - 26.11.1895), daughter of Hayranıdil Kadın, she married Ali Halid Paşa in 1889. She died at the age of 29.

Emine Sultan (1.12.1866 - 22.1.1867), daughter of Edadil Kadın

Esma Sultan (21.3.1873 - 8.5.1899), daughter of Gevheri Hanım, she married Çerkes Mehmed Paşa (former husband of her cousin Naile Sultan) and with him had: Sultanzade Hayreddin Bey (1889), Sultanzade Saadeddin Bey (1895), Sultanzade Hasan Bedreddin(?) and Mihriban Hanımsultan(?). She died in childbirth.

Fatma Sultan (1874): was born and died in the same year.

Emine Sultan (24.8.1874 - 30.1.1920), daughter of Nesrin Kadın. Abdülhamid II had proposed her marriage to his eldest son Abdülkadir Efendi but she did not like the prospect, so in the end she married Çavdaroğlu Ahmed Şükrü Paşa in 1901

[ottomanladies]

How many children of Mahmud II do we know about, and who were their mothers?

Hello! Mahmud II had a large family but, unfortunately, most of his children died in infancy. These are those who reached adulthood:

Saliha Sultan (16.6.1811 - 5.2.1843): daughter of Second Imperial Consort Âşûb-i Cân Kadınefendi. She married Dâmâd Halîl Rif’at Paşa in March 1834 and had three children with him: Sultân-zâde ‘Abdü’l-Hamîd Beyefendi (2.3.1835 – 3.1837), Sultân-zâde Câvid Beyefendi (1837?-?), Ayşe Sıdıka Hanım-Sultân (1821 – 1886).

Mihrimah Sultan (10.6.1812 – 3.7.1838): daughter of Second Imperial Consort Hacıye Hoş-yâr Kadınefendi (Fourth Imperial Consort at the time of the birth). She married Dâmâd Bursalı Mehmed Sa’îd Paşa in April 1836, and had a son with him: Sultân-zâde ‘Abdullâh Bey, who died with her.

Crown Prince (Valiahd-Şehzade) Abdülhamid (6.3.1813 - 20.4.1825): son of Â’lî-cenâb Başkadınefendi. He died at 12 years old and was buried in the mausoleum of his grandmother Nakşıdil Valide Sultan.

Atiye Sultan (2.1.1824 - 11.8.1850): daughter of Fourth Imperial Consort Pervîz-felek Kadınefendi, she married Rodosî–zâde Dâmâd Ahmed Fethî Paşa. With him, he had two daughters: Seniyye Hanım-Sultân (3.10.1843 – 10.12.1910) and Feride Hanım-Sultân, who probably died in infancy.

Hatice Sultan (6.9.1825 - 19.12.1842): daughter of Fourth Imperial Consort Pervîz-felek Kadınefendi. She was Atiye Sultan's full sister, and died at the age of 17.

Adile Sultan (23.5.1826 - 12.2.1899): daughter of Third Imperial Consort Zer-nigâr Kadınefendi (Fourth Ikbal at the time of the birth), she married Grand Vizier Dâmâd Kapdân-ı Deryâ Mehmed ‘Alî Paşa in June 1845. They had four children together but three of them died in infancy (Sıdıka Hanım-Sultân, Sultân-zâde İsmâ’îl Beyefendi, ‘Aliyye Hanım-Sultân), and only Hayriye Hanım-Sultân reached adulthood (6.1846 - 26.7.1869).

Crown Prince (Valiahd-Şehzade) Abdülhamid (18.2.1827 - 1829): the first child of Mahmud II to be born after the "Vak’a-i Hayriyye" (the "Fortunate Event", ie. 15 June 1826, when Mahmud II completely wiped the janissaries off earth). The little prince was called Crown Prince but him too died and was buried in the tomb of Nakşıdil Valide Sultan.

Abdülmecid I (25.4.1823 – 25.6.1861): sultan of the Ottoman Empire, his mother was Second Imperial Consort Bezmialem, whom later became Valide Sultan.

Sultan Abdülaziz (18.2.1830 – 4.6.1876): sultan of the Ottoman Empire, his mother was Second Ikbal Pertevniyal who, with the birth of her son rose to the rank of Fifth Imperial Consort. She would later be Valide Sultan.

source:

Yılmaz Öztuna, Sultan II. Mahmud: Cihan Hakanı ve Yenileşme Padişahı

[ottomanladies]

What is known about Salina Sultan, Mahmud II’s daughter, and her mother?

Hello! Well, if Julia Pardoe's words are true, Saliha Sultan was kind of .... nasty? I guess nasty is wrong... maybe haughty? She wasn't really fun to be with, basically lol

Saliha Sultan (16.6.1811 - 5.2.1843) was Mahmud II's eldest daughter to reach adulthood and daughter of Second Imperial Consort Âşûbcân Kadınefendi. When she was born, three-day celebrations were held in her honour and her grandmother Nakşıdil Valide Sultan presented gifts to the new mother and the wives of leading statesmen. Sakaoğlu suggests that her late marriage was due to health problems; she was married in May 1834 to Dâmâd Halîl Rifat Paşa, whom Julia Pardoe describes as: "a good-looking man, but clumsily and ungracefully made, with a grave expression of countenance; which, if report speak truly, the temper of his Imperial helpmate is not calculated to gladden." Apparently, he marriage was not happy at all.

An example of Saliha Sultan's famous temper: once she passed in front of a coffee-kiosk in her carriage, where some members of the ulema were smoking. None of those men stood up to show their reverence and Saliha Sultan got so angry that " she instantly despatched one of her kavashlir for an armed guard, to whom she gave orders to convey the whole party to the palace of the Seraskier, to receive the bastinado for the want of respect which they had displayed towards her sacred person. To hear was to obey; and forthwith the thirty Ulemas, members of the most powerful body of men now existing in the Empire, were marched off to the Seraskier". Of course the event reached Mahmud II's ears, who sent "a stern message" to Saliha, in which he warned her never to attempt something like that ever again.

When her younger sister Mihrimah Sultan was to be married, there were no jewels to give her because all of them had been given to Saliha for her wedding. She never wore them, apparently too haughty to go out like the other princesses did at the time, and even in the harem she didn't. Mahmud, though, needed at least a part of those jewels so he visited her and suggested that she would sell them, since she never wore them. Saliha didn't know anyone who would buy the jewels of an Imperial Princess, so of course her father stepped in, offering to buy them himself. Of course the princess accepted and Mahmud actually paid them less than their actual value, though Saliha never found out.

With her husband Halil Paşa, she had three children: Sultânzâde Abdülhamîd Beyefendi (2.3.1835 – 3.1837), Sultânzâde Câvid Beyefendi (1837?-?), Ayşe Sıdıka Hanımsultân (1821 – 1886). Her first son Abdülhamîd was ceremoniously celebrated, with Pardoe saying that Saliha Sultan was relieved because her son was to live instead of being killed off by the sultan (this is something I have heard say by Europeans a couple of times before: that Sultanzades were killed off so as not to become threats to their grandfather... I don't know how true this is, to be honest. It seems a little harsh, considering that sons of princesses were excluded from the succession). Anyway, after the Imperial Family (in six open carriages) had arrived, she appeared on the terrace of her palace with a large entourage and the head nurse carrying the young infant. For his birth, Mahmud II had ordered cannons to be fired and ministers "hadbeen admitted to the Presence on audiences of congratulation."

Saliha Sultan passed away on 5 February 1843 and was buried in the mausoleum of her grandmother Nakşıdil Valide Sultan.

Âşûbcân Kadınefendi was the daughter of a Bulgarian delegate. She gave birth to her first child, Ayşe Sultan (5.7.1809-2.1810) in 1809, followed by Saliha Sultan in 1811. At the time of her second daughter's birth, she was the Fifth Imperial Consort, but eventually rose to the rank of Second Imperial Consort. She died 30 years after Mahmud II at the age of around 77 years old, on 10 June 1870.

[ottomanladies]

On this day, 22 May, in Ottoman history

22 May 1481 - Proclamation of Bayezid II: arrived in Istanbul on May 20th, Prince Bayezid first saw to the burial of his father Mehmed II in the Mosque of the Conqueror then, on May 22nd, Bayezid’s son Korkut - who had been proclaimed regent until his father could reach the capital from Amasya - relinquished the power to him, and he ascended the throne as Bayezid II. “Beyazit sat enthroned just outside Bab-üs Saadet, the Gate of Felicity, the entryway to the Inner Palace. There he received the homage of the court in the ceremony known as Biat, or Allegiance, during which all the notables and functionaries of the empire filed past to kiss the hem of the sultan’s robe and swear fealty to him. This was followed by a meeting of the Divan, the Imperial Council, at which Beyazit announced the appointment of Ishak Pasha as grand vezir and of Daud Pasha and Hersekzade Ahmet Pasha as first vezirs. Messengers were sent to governors and other officials throughout the empire to inform them of the new appointments, and all judges were ordered to publish the news of Beyazit’s accession.” - John Freely, The Grand Turk Sultan Mehmed II

22 May 1524 - wedding of Pargali Ibrahim Paşa: the sumptuous wedding of the Grand Vizier was celebrated in the Hippodrome for two weeks. Süleyman I himself attended the festivities, watching them from the kiosk built for him in Ibrahim Paşa’s Palace. Ibrahim Paşa’s wedding was the first grand-scale dynastic festivity to be organised at the Hippodrome. The bride was a certain Muhsine Hatun, a grand-daughter of Iskender Paşa.

22 May 1834 - celebrations of the wedding between Saliha Sultan and Gürcü Halil Rifat Paşa: the celebrations had started on May 20th, when Saliha Sultan’s dowry had been brought to Neşatabad Palace. On May 22th, sultan Mahmud II himself arrived to congratulate his daughter and his new son-in-law, and stayed there for the celebrations.

[ottomanladies]

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲

[ottomanladies]

𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲

[ottomanladies]

Sultân Abdülazîz + family

Consorts:

Dürr-i Nev Başkadınefendi (15.3.1835-4.12.1895): born Princess Melek Dziapş-lpa, she was the daughter of Prince Mahmud Bey Dziapş-lpa and Princess Halime Hanım. She was the eldest of three sisters and entered palace service with her younger sister Princess Ayşe Kemalifer. She became a lady of Servetseza Kadınefendi and received a good education: she was a good pianist and could speak French without an accent. She also made some paintings which she later gave to Bezmialem Valide Sultan and Servetseza Kadınefendi. Dürrinev had long blonde hair and hazel eyes; when the future Sultan Abdülaziz first saw her, he immediately asked Servetseza Kadınefendi to let him marry his lady-in-waiting. The wedding took place on 20 May 1856 in Dolmabahçe Palace; a year later she gave birth to Yûsuf İzzeddîn Efendi (1857-1916), then to Saliha Sultan (1862-1941). After Abdülaziz's dethronement, she was imprisoned in Feriye Palace in the apartments above his. She fainted when she saw his corpse. She died on 4 December 1895 and was buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II.

Edâ-dil Kadınefendi (1845?-1875): Second Imperial Consort, she was Abkhazian and was the daughter of Prince Aredba Tandal Bey. She entered palace service at a young age, where she was especially liked by Pertevniyal Valide Sultan. Edadil was given to Sultan Abdülaziz as a gift for his accession to the throne. She was said to be beautiful, with blue eyes and brown hair. She was the mother of Mahmûd Celâleddîn Efendi (1862-1888) and Emine Sultan (1866-1867). The sudden death of her brother affected her a lot and she died young in 1875. She was buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II.

Hayrân-ı Dil Kadınefendi (1846-1895): Second Imperial Consort after the death of Edâ-dil Kadınefendi. There is no certain information about her background and family, nor how she entered palace service before becoming a consort. She married Sultan Abdülaziz on 21 September 1865, a year later she gave birth to Nazime Sultan (1866-1895/1947) and then to Caliph Abdülmecid II (1868-1944). After the deposition of Murad V, she was allowed to retire to Ortaköy Palace. She died on 26 November 1895 and was buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II.

Neşerek Kadınefendi (1848-1876): Third Imperial Consort, she was most probably Caucasian and born in Sochi to Prince İsmail Bey Zevş-Barakay. She married Sultan Abdülaziz in 1868. She was the mother of Mehmed Şevket Efendi (1872-1899) and of Emine Sultan (1874-1920). She died on 11 June 1876 and was buried in the Yeni Mosque.

Gevheri Kadınefendi (1856-1884): Fourth Imperial Consort, she was the mother of Esma Sultan (1873-1899) and Mehmed Seyfeddin Efendi (1874-1927). Her real name was Enime, her father was Salih Bey and her mother was the daughter of Prince Tsanba Osman Bey. She had long curly auburn hair and blue eyes. She always wore white dresses and a light blue veil on her head; her only jewelry were the rings Abdülaziz gave her on their wedding day in 1872. Gevheri was a very charitable women: she helped the poor however she could, paid for the education of young orphans and even supplied funds to repair several mosques and schools. She died in Ortaköy Palace on 6 September 1884 and was buried in the Yeni Mosque.

Children

Şehzade Yûsuf İzzeddîn Efendi (11.10.1857-1.2.1916): Abdülazîz's eldest child, he was kept secret in Kadri Bey's villa in Eyüp until his accession to the throne in 1861. He was considered the true heir to the throne by his father, who tried throughout his reign to change the line of succession to primogeniture. Izzeddin travelled to Europe with his father at 10 years old and later, in 1910, represented the Ottoman Dynasty at the funeral of Edward VII of the United Kingdom. He had five consorts and four children: Șehzade Mehmed Bahaeddin (2.1883 - 8.11.1883), Hatice Şükriye Sultan (24.2.1906 - 1.4.1972), Șehzade Mehmed Nizameddin (18.12.1908-19.3.1933) and Mihriban Mihrişah Sultan (30.8.1916 -25.1.1987)

Saliha Sultan (10.8.1862-1941): Şehzade Izzeddin's full-sister. She was born in Dolmabahçe Palace. At the age of 13, she was engaged to the son of the Khedive of Egypt, but Abdulhamid II broke the engagement, and Saliha Sultan had to wait 13 more years before getting married. In 1889 she married Ahmed Zülküf Bey (later Paşa), who was said to have been very handsome. Their only child was Kâmile Hanım-Sultân (1890-1896). She moved to Egypt after the Dynasty was exiled and died in poverty at the age of eighty. 

Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin Efendi (14.11.1862-1.9.1888): he was Vice Admiral of the Imperial Army, a pianist and a flautist. His aunt Adile Sultan, a renowned poet, wrote several compositions to celebrate him. 

Nazima Sultan (25.2.1866-1895/1947): daughter of Second Imperial Consort Hayrân-ı Dil Kadınefendi, she studied French in childhood. She married Dâmâd Alî Hâlid Paşâ on 20 April 1889. While Öztuna claims that she died in 1947, Sakaoğlu believes that his source, N. S. Örik, mistook Nazima for her elder sister Saliha.   

Şehzade Mehmed Selim Efendi (28.10.1866-21.10.1867): buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II

Emine Sultan (30.11.1866-23.1.1867): buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II

Caliph Abdülmecid II (29.5.1868-23.8.1944): younger child of Second Imperial Consort Hayrân-ı Dil Kadınefendi, he was the last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire.

Şehzade Mehmed Şevket Efendi (5.6.1872-22.10.1899): son of Third Imperial Consort Neşerek Kadınefendi, he was only 4 years old when he lost his father so he grew very close to his uncle Abdülhamîd II, who took him to Yildiz Palace and raised him alongside his sons. He was married to Fatma Rûy-i Nâz Hanımefendi and had a son, Mehmed Cemâleddîn Efendi (1891-1947).

Esma Sultan (21.3.1873-7.5.1899): daughter of Fourth Imperial Consort Gevheri Kadınefendi, according to Alderson she was instead daughter of Neşerek Kadınefendi. As she had lost her father at the age of three, she grew up in the household of her eldest brother Şehzade Yûsuf İzzeddîn Efendi. She was very beautiful: tall, slim, with black eyes and very white skin. On 20 April 1889 she married Dâmâd Kabasakal Çerkes Mehmed Paşa, 20 years her senior and previously the husband of her aunt Naile Sultan. She had five children: Sultân-zâde Hasan Bedreddîn Beyefendi (1890-29.1.1909), Sultân-zâde Hayreddîn Beyefendi (1892-1987),  Mihribân Hanım-Sultân (1894-1894), Sultân-zâde Sâ'deddîn Beyefendi (14.6.1895-1970s) and Sultân-zâde 'Abdullâh Beyefendi (1899-stillborn). Esma Sultan died after delivering her fourth son and fifth child.

Fatma Sultan (1874-1875): buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II

Emine Sultan (24.8.1874-29.1.1920): daughter of Neşerek Kadınefendi, she was raised in the household of her eldest brother Şehzade Yûsuf İzzeddîn Efendi. She married Dâmâd Mehmed Şerif "Çavdaroğlu" Paşa in 1901 and had a daughter with him, Hamide Hanım-Sultân, who died in infancy.

Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddîn Efendi (22.9.1874-19.10.1927): Vice Admiral of the Ottoman army, he was a great musician, a student of Callisto Guatelli. In 1914 he bought the organ from the Chapelle St. Louis and had it brought to Istanbul. He had two consorts and four children: Şehzade Mehmed Abdülazîz Efendi (1901-1977), Şehzade Mahmud Sevket Efendi (1903-1973), Şehzade Ahmed Tevhid Efendi (1904-1966) and Fatma Gevheri Sultan (1904-1980) 

Münire Sultan (1877): posthumous child, she died in infancy.  

[ottomanladies]

On this day, 20 April, in Ottoman history

20 April 1761 - birth of Şah Sultan; daughter of Mustafa III, her mother is not recorded. She was engaged to Bahir Köse Mustafa Paşa at 3 years old, but the paşa died only a year later so the marriage did not happen. At the age of seven, she was engaged to Yağlıkçızade Mehmed Emin Paşa, but him too was executed a year later. Her uncle Abdülhamid I married her to Nişancı Seyyid Mustafa Paşa on 6 November 1778. Their only child, Şerife Havva Hanım Sultan, was born on 1780 and died in the same year. Şah Sultan died at 42 years old, and was buried in the tomb she had built for herself in Eyüp.

20 April 1811 - birth of Fatma Sultan; the second daughter of Mahmud II to be named Fatma, a three-day festival was held for her birth. She died at fourteen years old and was buried in the mausoleum of Nakşıdil Valide Sultan.

20 April 1889 - weddings of Saliha Sultan, Esma Sultan, Nazima Sultan and Zekiye Sultan; the first three were daughters of Abdülaziz. Saliha was married by Abdülhamid II to Ahmed Zülküf Bey. Esma Sultan was married to Çerkes Mehmed Paşa, and Nazima Sultan to Ali Halid Paşa. Zekiye Sultan was Abdülhamid II’s eldest daughter, and was married to Ali Nureddin Paşa Bey.

[ottomanladies]

Sultan Abdul Hamid I children?

Ayşe Dürrüşşehvar Hanım (1760?-5.1826): mother unknown, she was born before her father's accession and for this reason she was smuggled out of the kafes and raised outside. When Abdülhamid I ascended the throne, she was known as the sultan's adoptive daughter and given the virtual status of an Imperial princess but she never acquired the title of sultan. She married Nisâncı Ahmed Naşîf Efendi, who was favoured by her father Abdülhamid I, but after his death was executed by the new sultan Selim III. Together they had two daughters: Zeyneb Hanım-Sultân and Atıyyetullâh Hanım-Sultân. Ayşe Dürrüşşehvar Hanım was buried in the mausoleum of Nakş-ı Dil Valide Sultan in the Fatih Mosque.

Şehzade Abdullah (1.1.1776): stillborn, buried in the Yeni Mosque

Hatice Sultan (12.1.1776 - 8.11.1776): buried in the Yeni Mosque

Şehzade Mehmed (22.8.1776 - 20.2.1781): died of smallpox, buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Şehzade Ahmed (8.12.1776-18.11.1778): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Ayşe Sultan (30.7.1777 - 9.9.1777): buried in the Yeni Mosque

Şehzade Abdurrahman (8.9.1777): stillborn, buried in the Yeni Mosque

Esma Sultan "the younger" (17.7.1778 - 4.6.1848): daughter of Ayşe Sîne-perver Kadınefendi and therefore elder sister of Mustafa IV. She married Küçük Hüşeyn Paşa, who was 20 years her senior, leaving her a widow after 10 years of marriage. Afterwards, Esma Sultan decided not to re-marry even though she was only 25. She was influential in the enthronement of her brother Mustafa IV and even tried to re-instate him in 1808 together with her half-sister Hibetullah. Nevertheless, she became particularly close to Mahmud II and was considered his favourite sister even though they had different mothers. When she died, she was indeed buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II and not in her father's.

Melek-Şah Sultan (19.2.1779 - 1780)

Şehzade Süleyman (13.3.1779 - 19.1.1786): died of smallpox, buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Şehzade Ahmed (1779-1780): buried in the Yeni Mosque

Şehzade Abdülaziz (19.6.1779): stillborn, buried in the Yeni Mosque

Mustafa IV (8.9.1779-16.11.1808): son of Ayşe Sîne-perver Kadınefendi, later Valide Sultan. He was the 29th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, his reign lasting a little more than a year. He was deposed in favour of his younger brother Mahmud II and afterwards executed.

Rabia Sultan (20.3.1780 - 28.6.1780): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Ayn-i Şah Sultan (9.7.1780 28.7.1780): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Melek-Şah Sultan (28.1.1781 - 24.12.1781): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Rabia Sultan (10.8.1781 - 3.10.1782): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Şehzade Mehmed Nusret (20.9.1782 - 23.10.1785): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Fatma Sultan (12.12.1782 - 11.1.1786): died of smallpox, buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Şehzade Seyfullah Murad (22.10.1783 - 21.1.1785): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Hatice Sultan (6.10.1784): died shortly after birth

Alem-Şah Sultan (11.10.1784 - 10.3.1786): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Mahmud II (20.7.1785 - 1.7.1839): son of Nakş-ı Dil Kadınefendi, later Valide Sultan. He was the 30th sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Saliha Sultan (27.11.1786 - 10.4.1788): buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Emine Sultan (4.2.1788 - 9.3.1791): died of smallpox, buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Hibetullah Sultan (16.3.1789 - 18.9.1841): daughter of Fatma Şeb-safâ (or Şebisefa) Kadınefendi, she was born only a month before her father's death. She married Alâeddîn Paşa, the son of Hatice Sultan (daughter of Mustafa III) and Seyyid-Ahmed Paşa. The marriage was childless and left Hibetullah a young widow; she too decided not to marry again. In 1808 she tried to re-instate Mustafa IV after his deposition, but Mahmud II found out and forbade her to communicate with her half-sister Esma (the co-conspirator) and with the outside too. Nevertheless, she was given all the properties that had belonged to her mother, who had died in 1805. She was buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II.

[ottomanladies]

Can you list some information about Abdulmecid I’s children with some information about them just like you did for Ahmed III harem + children.

Sorry for the long wait but... the guy had 42 children

Mevhibe Sultan (1840-1841), with Hoşyar Kadın: lived for only 8 months, was buried in the Hamidiye Mausoleum

Sultan V. Murad Han (1840-1904), with Şevkefza Valide Sultan: 33rd Ottoman sultan, he reigned for only 93 days, after which he was deposed on the grounds of "perpetual insanity"

Naime Sultan (1840-1843), with Tirimüjgan Kadın: Abdülhamid II's elder sister, she died of smallpox

Fatma Sultan (1840-1884), with Gülcemal Kadın: Mehmed V's eldest sister and Murad V's favourite sister. She had two husbands: Dâmâd'Alî Gaalib Paşa and Dâmâd Mehmed Nûrî Paşa, which she outlived. Her three children died in infancy and she spent the last years of her life confined in her villa in Istanbul because she had tried to reinstate Murad V on the throne. She died at the age of 44 and was buried in Murad V's mausoleum.

Behiye Sultan (1841-1847), mother unknown: she died at the age of 6 and was buried in the mausoleum of Refia Sultan. Her mother was "Her Highness, the Second Ikbal"

Neyyire Sultan (1841-1843), with Şayeste Hanım: she died at the age of 3 and was buried in the Nurosmaniye Mosque.

Refia Sultan (1842-1880), with Gülcemal Kadın: Mehmed V's elder sister. She was married to Dâmâd Mahmûd Edham Paşâ and had a daughter with him. Refia was extremely educated, like her sisters, as her father had insisted for them to be educated both in traditional and western subjects. Contrary to her younger sister Cemile, whom her father constantly lauded, Refia was a true spendthrift and her debts were staggering for just one person.

Hatice Sultan (1842-1842), with Gülcemal Kadın

Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han (1842-1918), with Tirimüjgan Kadın: 34th Ottoman Sultan, he was deposed by the Young Turks in 1909 and exiled to Thessalonika. None of his sons would ascend the throne.

Aliye Sultan (1842-1845), with Şevkefza Valide Sultan: younger sister of Murad V, she was 2 when she died and was buried in the New Mosque

Mehmed Ziyaeddin Efendi (1842-1845), with Nesrin Hanım:

Cemile Sultan (1843-1915), with Düzdidil Hanım: her mother died when she was 3, so she was raised by Rahime Perestu, future Valide Sultan. She was therefore very close to her older brother Abdülhamid II, who had been raised by Rahime Perestu as well. She married Dâmâd Mahmûd Celaleddîn Paşa in 1858, when she was fifteen. Her husband was the second son of Dâmâd Ahmed Fethî Paşa (husband of Mahmud II's daughter, Atiye Sultan) from his first wife. Fındıklı Palace was built for them. Together they had 6 children: Fethiye Hanım-Sultân (1859 - 1887), Sultân-zâde Besim Beyefendi (died at the age of 2), Sultân-zâde Sâkıb Beyefendi (1864 - 1897), Sultân-zâde Mehmed Mahmûd Celâleddîn Beyefendi (1864 - 1916), 'Ayşe Şıdıka Hanım-Sultân (1875 - 1937?), Fatma Hanım-Sultân (1879 - 1890)

Sultan V. Mehmed Reşad Han (1844-1918), with Gülcemal Kadın: 35th Ottoman Sultan, he was enthroned by the Young Turks after the deposition of Abdülhamid II and was the last sultan to die in office.

Münire Sultan (1844-1862), with Verdicenan Kadın: she firstly married the son of the Egyptian Khedive, İbrahim İlhami Paşa, and the costly wedding ceremony attracted a lot of criticism because the Imperial Army had just been defeated in Montenegro. The marriage lasted only two years, as İbrahim İlhami Paşa died at only 24 years old. She therefore married Lieutenant General Dâmâd İbrahim Paşa, with whom she had a son: Sultân-zâde 'Alâeddîn Beyefendi (1861 - 1915?). She was buried in the mausoleum of her great-grandmother, Nakşıdil Valide Sultan.

Samiye Sultan (1845-1845), mother unknown: she was buried in the New Mosque. Her mother had been listed as "Her Highness, the Third Kadinefendi"

Ahmed Efendi (1846-1846), with Nükhetseza Hanım: he was buried in the New Mosque inside the mausoleum of Refia Sultan

Fatma Nazime Sultan (1847-1847), mother unknown: she was buried in the mausoleum of Refia Sultan

Sabiha Sultan (1848-1849), with Mehtab Kadın: she was buried in the mausoleum of Refia Sultan

Mehmed Abid Efendi (1848-1848), with Tirimüjgan Kadın: he was buried in the mausoleum of Refia Sultan

Ahmed Kemaleddin Efendi (1848-1905), with Verdicenan Kadın: he was a supporter of Murad V's rights to the throne and was in a bad relationship with her other older brother, Abdulhamid II. He married his only consort, Fatma Sezâ-dil Hanımefendi, in 1876, and had two daughters with her: Atiyetullah Sultan (1878-1878) and Münire Sultan (1880-1939). His daughter married Dâmâd Mehmed Sâlih Paşa in 1907 and had a son, Sultân-zâde Ahmed Kemâleddîn (Keredin) Beyefendi (1908-1987), clearly named after her father.

Atiyetullah Efendi (?-?)

Mehmed Fuad Efendi (died in infancy), with Nergizu Hanım: he was buried in the mausoleum of Refia Sultan

Behice Sultan (1848-1876), with Nesrin Hanım: she lost her mother at the age of 3 and contracted tuberculosis in childhood. She lived secluded all her life and her sisters Refia and Seniha always sent her letters to cheer her up, even though they knew that Behice's illness had reached the final stage by the time she had turned 20. In her letters, Behice came across as frustrated, jealous of her sisters' freedom and extremely sensitive. Her dowry had been prepared by her father but her illness always prevented her from getting married, even though that was her dream. Finally, her uncle Abdülaziz consented, and Behice married Dâmâd Halil Hamîd Beyefendi on 16 November 1876. Unfortunately, the princess died just 20 days later at the age of 28. She was buried in the mausoleum of Münire Sultan.

Mehmed Burhaneddin Efendi (1849-1876), with Nükhetseza Hanım: he was Abdülhamîd II's favourite brother, who also named a warship after him. He had two consorts: Mest-i Niyâz Hanımefendi and Şâd-rûy Hanımefendi. From his first consort, he had an unnamed daughter (1876? -1890?) and Ibrahim Tevfik Efendi (1874-1931). He was buried in the mausoleum of his father Abdülmecid

Rukiye Sultan (1850-1850), with Gülcemal Kadın:

Mukbile Sultan (1850-1850), mother unknown: buried in the mausoleum of Refia Sultan, her mother had been listed as "Her Highness, the Fourth Ikbal"

Mehmed Vamık Efendi (1850-1850), mother unknown: buried in the mausoleum of Refia Sultan

Nizameddin Efendi (1850-1853), with Nesrin Hanım: twin of Bahaeddin Efendi, he was buried in the mausoleum of Murad V

Bahaeddin Efendi (1850-1852), with Nesrin Hanım: twin of Nizameddin Efendi, he was buried in the mausoleum of Refia Sultan

Ahmed Nureddin Efendi (1852-1885), with Mehtab Kadın: he had two consorts, Nazlı Emşâl Hanımefendi and an unnamed one, but no children. He died at the age of 33 and was buried in the mausoleum of Murad V

Mehmed Rüşdü Efendi (1852-1852), with Ceylanyar Hanım: buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Osman Safiyeddin Efendi (1852-1855), with Ayşe Serfiraz Hanım: buried in the mausoleum of Abdülmecid I

Seniha Sultan (1853-1931), with Nalandil Hanım: she married Dâmâd Âsaf Mahmûd Celaleddîn Paşa (the son of Dâmâd Halil Rifat Paşa after the death of Saliha Sultan, daughter of Mahmud II) in 1877. Celaleddîn Paşa wasn't particularly trusted by Abdülhamid II but was nevertheless appointed vizier. Seniha and her husband participated in the Ali Suavi Incident, actually a conspiracy to dethrone Abdulhamid II and re-instate Murad V, the failure of which - among other things - prompted Celaleddîn Paşa to leave the Ottoman empire and settle in Bruxelles. Together, they had two sons: Sultân-zâde Mehmed Sabâhaddîn Beyefendi (1877-1948) and Sultân-zâde Ahmed Lutfullâh Beyfendi (1880-1973). Her son Sabâhaddîn was a vocal critic of Abdülhamid II's regime and was actually the leader of a faction inside the Young Turks movement which advocated some of the same liberal principles of the CUP but instead favoured administrative decentralization and European assistance. At the time of the Dynasty's exile from Turkey, Seniha Sultan was the eldest princess alive. She lived with Mehmed VI in Sanremo until his death, then moved to Nice, where the last Caliph Abdülmecid II had settled down but was not in favour because she was part of the "Mecid branch" of the family. She spent her last years bedridden in a room inside the caliph's villa and Nice and died there in 1931. She was buried in the Sultan Selim Mosque in Damascus.

Abdullah Efendi (1853-1853), with Şayeste Hanım: stillborn

Mehmed Abdüssamed Efendi (1853-1855), with Nalandil Hanım: buried in the mausoleum of his father

Zekiye Sultan (1855-1856), with Gülistu Kadın: twin of Fehime Sultan, was buried in the mausoleum of Münîre Sultân

Fehime Sultan (1855-1856), with Gülistu Kadın: twin of Fehime Sultan, was buried in the mausoleum of Münîre Sultân

Mediha Sultan (1856-1928), with Gülistu Kadın: elder sister of Mehmed VI, she fell in love with the son of Sâmi Paşa and started corresponding with him. When Abdülhamid II found out, he sent Necib Bey at the embassy in Paris. Mediha was devastated: she would not drink, eat or sleep. Her step-mother Verdicenan asked Rahime Perestu Valide Sultan's help, and together they were able to convince Abdülhamid to let the princess marry Necib Bey, which she did in 1879. Mediha had a son with him, Sultân-zâde 'Abdurrahmân Sâmî Beyefendi (1880-1961), but her happiness was short-lived: her husband died in 1885 at the age of 29. In 1886, she married her second husband, Dâmâd Mehmed Ferîd Paşa, but had no children with him.

Naile Sultan (1856-1882), with Şayeste Hanım: she married Dâmâd Çerkes Kabasakâl Mehmed Paşa who, according to Ayşe Osmanoğlu, was a brother of Abdülhamid II's consort Bidar Kadın. They had no children. She was buried in the mausoleum of Murad V

Bedia Sultan (1857-1858), with Ayşe Serfiraz Hanım: she was buried in the mausoleum of  Münîre Sultân.

Selim Süleyman Efendi (1860-1909), with Ayşe Serfiraz Hanım: he had 5 consorts:  Filiz-san Hanımefendi, Emîne Câvidân Hanımefendi, Fatma ikbâl Hanımefendi, 'Ayşe Tarz-ı ter (Tarz-ender) Hanımefendi and Zât-ı Melek Hanımefendi. His children were: Mehmed 'Abdülhalîm Efendi (1894-1926), Emine Naciye Sultan (1896-1961), and Damad Mehmed Şerefeddin Efendi (1904-1966)

Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahideddin Han (1861-1926), with Gülistu Kadın: last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, he was deposed in 1922 when the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed and exiled in 1924. He died in Sanremo, Italy

[ottomanladies]

Hello,Could you list the Abdülhamid i’s daughters.

Hello! Sorry for the late reply but harem asks are way more complicated so they take more time.

Ayşe Dürrüşşehvar Hanım (1767 - 11.5.1831): she was born before her father became sultan and so she should have been killed. Abdülhamid, though, managed to smuggle her out of the palace and the princess was raised outside. Therefore she never acquired the title of Sultan even though her father doted on her: Abdülhamid I declared her his “adopted daughter” and her rank was virtually the same as his other daughters’. This is the reason why her father’s name is not present in her seal, as it should be. At 17, Durrüşşehvar married Ahmed Nazif Efendi, son of Hacı Selim Ağa, a bookshop owner in Üsküdar; the sultan doted on his son-in-law, but when Selim III succeeded him, he had both Ahmed Nazif Efendi and Hacı Selim Ağa executed in 1789. With her husband, Durrüşşehvar had two daughters: Atiyyetullah and Zeynep (born in 1789). After his execution, she decided not to marry again, so her half-brother Mahmud II had Kuruçeşme Palace prepared for her and for her mother, who had been kept a secret until that moment. Ayşe Dürrüşşehvar Hanım lived a comfortable life there until her death in 1831. She was buried in the garden of Nakşıdil Valide Sultan’s mausoleum. Her daughter Zeynep later married Izmir Rahmi Efendi.

Hatice Sultan (12.1.1776 - 8.11.1776): the identity of her mother is unknown. Since she was the first child of Abdülhamid I born during his sultanate, much importance was attached to her birth and even Fermanı (royal decrees) were issued to mark the event. For ten days, various kinds of demonstrations and entertainments were held in Istanbul and festivals were ordered throughout the Empire. Unfortunately, the little princess died on November 8th of the same year, and was buried in the Yeni Mosque.

Ayşe Sultan (30.7.1777 - 8.9.1777): second official daughter of Abdülhamid I, she only lived for 54 days. She was buried in the Yeni Mosque.

Esma Sultan “the Younger” (17.7.1778 - 4.6.1848): daughter of Ayşe Sineperver and elder sister of Mustafa IV. At 14 years old, her cousin Selim III married her to Küçük Hüseyin Paşa, who was 36 at the time. After her marriage she was known as “Kapudanpaşa Sultanı” (Kapudanpaşa being the title of her husband). Her palace became the centre of Istanbul society and the daughters of Mustafa III Şah, Beyhan, and Hatice Sultan were regulars there. Esma Sultan was widowed at the age of 25 but chose not to remarry agian. She was extremely influential in the enthronement of her brother Mustafa IV and the deposition of their uncle Selim III. Nevertheless, she became close to her half-brother Mahmud II too, who cherished her as his favourite sister and basically granted her total freedom in her life. It is said that even the son of King Louis-Philippe of France was attracted to the dazzling princess, whose clothes and jewels were always sought-after by rich women in the capital. Esma Sultan survived her brother Mahmud II and saw the reign of her nephew Abdülmecid. When she died, at 70 years old, she was not buried with her father but with her favourite brother, Mahmud II.

Rabia Sultan (20.3.1780 - 17.5.1780): she died after only 69 days and was buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Aynışah Sultan (10.7.1780 - 11.8.1780): buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Melekşah Sultan (28.1.1781 - 24.12.1781): died at the age of 11 months, buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Rabia Sultan (10.8.1781 - 13.2.1782): buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Fatma Sultan (12.12.1782 - 3.11.1785): she could be the Fatma Sultan for whom Mihrişah Valide Sultan built a fountain near the Fındıklı Molla Çelebi Mosque. She was buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Alemşah Sultan (11.11.1784 - 2.1786): because of her name she was mistaken for a prince by Alderson. Three days of festivals and celebrations were held for her birth, but she died only seventeen months later. She was buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Saliha Sultan (27.11.1786 - 5.6.1787): buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Emine Sultan (5.1.1788 - 3/5.1791): Abdülhamid I deeply hoped that at least this princess would survive, and showered her with gifts. She was given the properties who had belonged to Esma Sultan “the Elder” when she died in August 1788, and several Chechen entertainers were purchased for the little princess. Unfortunately the sultan died in 1789 and then Emine Sultan herself in 1791, of smallpox. She was buried in the Hamidiye Tomb.

Zekiye Sultan (?? - 20.3.1788): she doesn’t figure in Sicill-i Osmani but she is included among Abdülhamid I’s daughters in Cevdet’s History.

Hibetullah Sultan (6/16.3.1789 - 18.9.1841): daughter of Fatıma Şebisefa Kadın, she was Abdülhamid I’s latest child as she was born a month before his death. In 1801 she was promised to Alaeddin Paşa, son of Damad Seyyid Ahmed Paşa, and thus her cousin. They got married on 30 January 1804 in Kadırga Palace; a year later, her mother Fatima Şebisefa died. In 1808, Mustafa IV was deposed and Hibetullah tried to reinstate him, helping her sister Esma Sultan, but Mahmud II found out and forbade them to communicate with each other and to the outside. Her husband died at twenty-three years old, and Hibetullah chose not to remarry again. Her half-brother Mahmud II gave her all the properties that had belonged to her mother, and she lived in Kadırga Palace until her death at 52. She was buried in the mausoleum of Mahmud II.

[ottomanladies]

it’s very disturbing (and it honestly disgusts me) that that the sultan’s daughters were married off at such young ages, i seriously hope there was some laws or something in place to protect them.

Hello! I thought I have already answered this but I can’t find it so I must have dreamed it lol

Marriages at such a young age were just a proxy and a way for the sultan to bind powerful statesmen to his family. The princesses stayed with their mothers until they were old enough to go live with their husbands (if they were still alive. Some of them even died before that could happen).

At the same time, though, Kaya Ismihan underwent a proper wedding night, which is strange considering that she was only 11 (though Peirce believes she was 14). Maybe she had already menstruated and was thus considered old enough? In any case, she refused to be touched for seven years so when she consummated the marriage she was way older.

I think Kaya’s story is an example that the princess was still above her husband and so could refuse to have sexual relations with him if she didn’t want to. Another princess (I can’t remember if it was Mahmud II’s daughter Saliha or someone else) had guards at the entrance of the harem and would see her husband only when she summoned him like a servant.