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List of names dowager Hatt Called the Engines
Thomas: Theodore, Timmy, thibault, Tabitha, Tyler, Tyus, tucker, Thaddeus, Tobias, Tony, Tommy.
Edward: Edwin, Erwin, Ezekiel, Ethan, Egbert, Everett, Emmett, Eric, Elliot, that train that once pushed that other train up a hill.
Gordon: Gregory, Geoffrey, George, Grayson, Godfrey, Gustav, Giuseppe, Graig, big train. Flying Scott’s brother cousin or something.
Henry: Harry, Hudson, Hitler, Hunter, green fat engine, hector, Hendricks, Hayden, Hyde, Hans, Hansel, Holmes.
James: Jon, Joe, Amos, Alma, Jesus, Jacob, bee sting train, Jerry, Judas. Jeff.
Percy: Paul, pasta, pea, Pedro, Perry, Pete, Pablo, diablo.
Toby: Troy, tony, Tobias, Tyler, Otis
Duck: Montgomery, Mona, Monty, Mussolini, bird train, Duke, Drake, (refused to call Duck as Duck because she thought it was too degrading)
Donald: Douglas
Douglas: Donald
Oliver: …. Which one are you again? Who are you again? Ozzy, Oscar, Otto, Octavius. Olivia,
Emily: Eleanore, Esmeralda, Esme, Erica, Emma, Evangelina, emerald, Ellen, Eva, Eve,
Diesel: Doris, Dennis, Daniel, Dan, David, you, who named you? The Deisel with no name.
Bill: Prince Buddy bear Xxavier Dijonny Nevah cash cash III (Bill told Dowager Hatt that was his full name when they met)
Ben: Sir Jermastesty Brexicalishrika Llallañalamopolisistyck Billy Bob Robert jones brother son XXVIII (also told Dowager hatt that was his name.)
#ttte#thomas and friends#ttte headcanon#ttte incorrect quote#ttte thomas#ttte edward#ttte henry#ttte gordon#ttte james#ttte percy#ttte toby#ttte duck#ttte donald#ttte douglas#ttte oliver#ttte emily#ttte diesel#ttte bill#ttte ben#Nevah Cash Cash
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Hi Dani! How are you? How have you been sleeping? I hope your sleep schedule is good and you feel rested! What fandoms are you in? Or shows/animes/movies do you like? I also saw you graduated with double majors! 🎉 That's amazing!! I bet that was difficult because double the course load. What's 1 interesting history fact you learned while in college? -🪽
Oh my goodness hi hello!! I have been sleeping...okay! This is so sweet I hardly know what to do with myself! Uhh right now I am in the HWS, Naruto, and Bridgerton fandoms, but I will always hype up and recommend Black Sails to anyone who has never seen it. Maybe one day I'll write for it, but when it comes to anything pirate I have a bad habit of word vomiting about history and completely forgetting about plot. I just...really love pirates lmao
I did graduate with double majors! Spanish absolutely kicked my ass! But it was worth it, and I'm actually going to tour grad schools with my best friend next month, which I'm very, very excited for!! As for an interesting fact...oh my god there are so many...
I'm gonna keep it pirate related, because I'm. Predictable. But! Did you know that in May of 1668, English pirate Robert Searles captured a Spanish ship and managed to sneak her to St. Augustine waters off Florida's coast. The Spanish, who occupied St. Augustine at the time, thought the ship was one of their own sailing from Mexico, and when the sun set, Searles led his pirate crew ashore and absolutely ravaged the town, ransacking anything they could see and actually killing or kidnapping any St. Augustinian they considered to be not of "pure blood." The raid was so brutal that it caused Queen Mariana of (Austria) Spain to finally authorize the building of the now famous and protected Castillo de San Marcos out of coquina.
Poor St. Augustine has a history of being ransacked by pirates, especially with this coming after a raid from Sir Francis Drake (arguably the most powerful pirate in history, but it depends who you ask) in 1586. Known as El Draque (the Dragon) by the Spanish, Drake not only pillaged St. Augustine, but set her on fire, as well, burning down everything, enough so that archeologists would later find the charred remains of the original city more than 4 centuries later.
As for the Castillo de San Marcos, the fort is still up and can be visited and toured, which I recommend to anyone who manages to make their way to St. Augustine!
I apologize if that's not the kind of fun fact you were looking for. Not exactly the happiest, but it's what I had ready off the top of my head and I'm still so flustered by this ask that I couldn't think of anything else 😭 You are too cute for this and I want you to know it made my whole day.
Mwah!! Thank you!
#anonymous#asks#🪽 anon#apologies for more than half this answer being about pirates i just. love them. a pathetic amount.#i want you to know i gasped when i opened this ask and immediately started smiling. its so cute and so are you ♥️#thank you for this!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#i hope you have the best day of your life!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Wheel of Time Theory/Headcannon (Spoilers):
So, if you know The Wheel of Time series, a big part of the premise is basically that time is cyclical (hence the title), with ages and events recurring, and people being reincarnated, in slightly different forms each time around. And the setting has a chosen one, known by the title of the Dragon, who's role is to be reborn again and again to fight against the Shadow, but who also ends up causing the apocalypse. Save the world and break it, etc. And while the series is mostly epic fantasy, it's also heavily implied that it is the far, far future of our modern world (or the past, I suppose, given the aforementioned cycle).
Accordingly, the series draws on (or, less charitably, appropriates) quite a lot of different inspirations from both different mythologies and actual history, but there's one connection, as someone who's done a fair amount of amateur research on this part of history, that caught my attention. I honestly don't know if Robert Jordan ever intended it, but it fits, at least to me. Probably someone has come up with this before, but if they have I don't recall seeing it, so here goes:
Sir Francis Drake was an incarnation of the Dragon.
If you've been living under a rock for the last five centuries or so and don't know who Sir Francis Drake is, he was an English sailor and slave trader (yeah, not exactly a heroic figure, but the Dragon isn't always either) who made a career shift to pirate/privateer (basically a state-sponsored pirate). But the thing is, he was basically THE pirate. The one who pirated on such a scale that he basically changed the course of global history, and set the standard for every pirate (or at least every Anglo pirate) afterward. He led the first English expedition to circumnavigate the world (and the first commander ever to survive the voyager). The treasure he plundered on the way basically single-handedly paid off England's debt, with treasure to spare. Then he went on to help lead the fight against the Spanish Armada, and basically save England from invasion. He is, arguably, one of the people most responsible for the existence of the British Empire, and the shape of the modern world as we know it.
He came at the transition from one age to another (Middle Ages to modern), and he remade the world- though whether for the better or worse is debatable.
But the real kicker? His name, Drake, refers to a mythical creature much like a dragon. And the name the Spanish gave him? El Draque- literally, "The Dragon".
(Side note: He was even red-haired like Rand Al Thor).
So yeah, within the Wheel of Time universe, it makes considerable sense for Drake to have been exactly what his name suggests.
Edit: I can't believe I left this out, but there is actually a legend that Drake' will return whenever England is in danger's drum will sound whenever England is in danger, and that Drake will rise from the dead to save England.
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Chapter 2 - X-Manson by Doctor Benway - Annotated By Tsar.
Many of you are familiar with Hank "The Tank" McCoy and his works. my college @brw is the formost McCoy Scholar. But as you'll see here this AU's version of Hank takes many cues from his Age of Apocalypse self. But he lacks any kind of the fuzzy goodness of your average Hank McCoy.
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[Shot of a very large man in an expensive suit in a lushly appointed office, possibly that of an investment banker but possibly that of a professor who is very good at getting grants. The man is wearing rimless high-fashion European glasses and a look of extreme urgency. Plainly, this interview is keeping him from something very important. He also has unusually large hands.]
[Caption: Henry McCoy, Trofim Lysenko Professor of Genetics at Northwestern University, Chicago IL]
*I didn't catch this on my first read through, but Trofim Lysenko is a soviet pseudo-scientist who rejected the idea of Medelivian genetics. He was primarily focused on hybridizing crops by grafting them together. It's frankly bizarre that an american institution in a post-soviet world would have such a position, but it's a weird world, isn't it?
HM: I was at the School For Gifted Youngsters for three of the best years of my life.
Int: You chose to attend?
HM: I had a rough time at my first high school, very rough. It was in the Midwest, where any deformities would make one the object of the most vicious ridicule. At the School, I set myself on the path to understanding that which had made me different.
Int: You worked with Charles Xavier on his genetic experiments?
HM: Charles Xavier had a profound intellect. Everything I am today I owe to him. His breakdown and demise were most unfortunate.
Int: You are aware of the controversy surrounding his background?
HM: Overblown, completely overblown. Xavier had a remarkable mind, one that transcended the petty certifications that we so often use to indicate the size of a mind.
Int: Such as your PhD from Princeton?
HM: Such as that, yes. I am certain that Charles Xavier could have easily attained all that I learned at Princeton in a much shorter time, had he not known it already. He was a most remarkable teacher, and I am but a humble fool by comparison.
*Simp.
Int: Were you close to the other students?
HM: As close as my studies would allow. My program of study was quite intensive, and I spent little time with them. I found their company pleasant, when I had time to indulge in it.
Int: Were they happy at the School?
HM: So far as I knew.
Int: What do you think happened to Robert Drake?
HM: I have no idea. He was still there when I left the School and went up to Princeton.
Int: Didn't you stay in touch with the others?
HM: I had limited contact with the Professor. Otherwise, I lost touch with them. I certainly wish I had not, knowing now what happened. If only I had known, I might have been able to prevent it.
[Shot of a much less well-appointed office with no windows but plenty of steam pipes. The place is in a state of almost pure chaos, with books and papers piled on every free surface. A middle aged man who obviously runs marathons is staring a little too keenly into the camera.]
[Caption: Sir Bernard Quatermass, RA Fisher Professor of Eugenics at the London School of Hygiene]
*Bernard Quartermass is another cross-media reference. He is derived from a 1955 british sci-fi serial called "The Quartermass Experiment. Quartermass is however not a Professor of Eugenics but an Aerospace Engineer.
**The London School of Hygiene is somewhat real, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has had a few reports of eugenicist attitutes and white supremacy stances, though that can be expected from an institution that was founded as Britain was colonizing the world.
BQ: McCoy would sell his own mother to the gypsies to get the Nobel. For that matter, he missed his mother's funeral on account of some experiment he was involved in. Disgusting man. No one with any sense of honour will work with him.
*The only reason why B.Q isn't seen as a monster is because he is being placed in comparrison with this AU's Hank McCoy.
Int: Why is that?
BQ: His early career consisted almost entirely of publishing work weeks or even days ahead of others who had been working on their ideas for decades.
Int: So he had no ideas of his own?
BQ: Oh no, no, no. He did have some very good ideas, completely original ones as far as anyone could tell. He developed the anti-retrovirals that cured that awful venereal disease that the Africans caught from monkeys and that infected all those pederasts in California twenty years back. He has a better understanding of mutant genetics than almost anyone in the field. Of course, he would have, given his connections.
*evil Hank McCoy cured AIDS.
Int: How do you mean?
BQ: His work, and indeed all of our work, depends upon getting large quantities of genetic material in a fresh condition. He's always had and still has the best supplies of it.
Int: This material, it comes from cadavers?
BQ: Cadavers and those on their way to becoming them. It may be something as simple and harmlessly taken as blood, it might be a pituitary gland torn from a technically still-living brain. Brain, kidney, and liver tissue in particular can't be taken ethically until the source has died, and Henry always has had an unusually good supply of brains and kidneys.
*i think Bernard is jealous because he wants to get in on some illegal organ harvesting.
Int: You're suggesting that he may have gotten these by illegal means?
BQ: All I'm saying is, he always had tissue, whenever he needed it. If you want a subject for another documentary, try looking at how much cable traffic there is from his lab to China every time they have one of their anti-corruption campaigns.
[Shot of Dwight Hammer]
DH: The autopsy report on Robert Drake showed that he was missing several organs.
Int: Which ones?
DH: Brain, both kidneys, liver. Maybe more, he was down in that muck over ten years, but the coroner was sure that those ones were missing.
Int: Were any of the other bodies found in the lake missing organs?
DH: Some of them. Usually brains. Only one of the bodies was fully intact, the one that they call the Lady of the Lake. Some of the live ones we arrested were missing parts. Summers was missing a kidney and both eyes.
*two victims in the lake now, six remaining:
Robert Drake
Rogue
Int: What do you think happened to them?
DH: We know what happened to Summer's eyes, but we don't know what happened to his kidney. Maybe they ate it. Just assumed it was some sort of mutant thing.
*i think they took Summers' eyes as a means of keeping him powerless to stop them.
Int: Did you vote for the Kelly Amendment?
DH: Way I see it, the founding fathers set everything up assuming we were all equal. There's no call to make some more equal than others.
Int: So you don't feel that mutants need extra protection?
DH: Hell, no. Some of my best friends are mutants, and they never complained.
#marvel#xmen#xmen fanfiction#annotated fanfiction#hank mccoy#beast#bobby drake#tw cannibalism#tw gore#tw eugenics#tw organ harvesting#Trofim Lysenko#bernard quartermass
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Top Artists — Medium Term (6 months)
Felbm
Radiohead
Bonnie "Prince" Billy
Kate Bush
Nick Drake
Midlake
Paul Simon
Simon & Garfunkel
Slowdive
Boards of Canada
Canary Room
The Beatles
Fionn Regan
Beach House
Leonard Cohen
hemlock
Vashti Bunyan
Clara Mann
Bob Dylan
The Smiths
ABBA
Grouper
David Bowie
The Clientele
Jessica Pratt
Olovson
Bill Callahan
Laura Marling
Rachel Grimes
Chet Baker
Belle and Sebastian
Sibylle Baier
Aldous Harding
Cocteau Twins
Acetone
Connan Mockasin
Fleetwood Mac
Cornelia Murr
John Martyn
Julie London
Sea Oleena
Sufjan Stevens
Meg Baird
Shannon Lay
Van Morrison
Pink Floyd
Caroline Says
Sun Kil Moon
Maxine Funke
Fairport Convention
that spotify stats page
Top Tracks — Long Term (years)
Calla — Canary Room
4 Lieder, Op. 27, TrV 170: IV. Morgen! — Richard Strauss, Jonas Kaufmann, Helmut Deutsch
6 Melodies, Op. 4 - 6 melodies, Op. 5: Allegretto — Fanny Mendelssohn, Beatrice Rauchs
Long Before Us — Rachel Grimes
Sandalwood I — Jonny Greenwood
Stabat Mater: 1. Stabat Mater — Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Emma Kirkby, James Bowman, Academy of Ancient Music, Christopher Hogwood
Thaïs / Act 2: Méditation — Jules Massenet, Joshua Bell, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Andrew Litton
Songs My Mother Taught Me, Op. 55 No. 4 — Antonín Dvořák, Alisa Weilerstein, Anna Polonsky
Elegy No. 1 in D Major — Giovanni Bottesini, Andrew Burashko, Joel Quarrington
The Carnival of the Animals, R. 125: XIII. The Swan (Arr. for Cello and Piano) — Camille Saint-Saëns, Yo-Yo Ma, Kathryn Stott
Julie With - 2004 Digital Remaster — Brian Eno
wallingford bossa — hemlock
Fantasiestücke, Op. 73: No. 1, Zart und mit Ausdruck — Robert Schumann, Sol Gabetta, Hélène Grimaud
By This River - 2004 Digital Remaster — Brian Eno
Just When You Need Yourself Most — Oberhofer
Gianni Schicchi: O mio babbino caro — Giacomo Puccini, Renée Fleming, London Philharmonic Orchestra, Sir Charles Mackerras
Bleecker Street — Simon & Garfunkel
House of Woodcock — Jonny Greenwood
Shaker — Acetone
All The Time — Acetone
Jazz Suite No. 2: VI. Waltz II — Dmitri Shostakovich, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Riccardo Chailly
Rimsky-Korsakov: Scheherazade, Op. 35: II. The Kalendar Prince (Excerpt) — Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Riccardo Muti, Philadelphia Orchestra
Christine — Canary Room
Me at the Museum, You in the Wintergardens — Tiny Ruins
Valse sentimentale, Op. 51, No. 6 — Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Josef Sakonov, London Festival Orchestra
Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-Flat Major, Op. 73 "Emperor": II. Adagio un poco mosso — Ludwig van Beethoven, Wilhelm Kempff, Berliner Philharmoniker, Ferdinand Leitner
Deux Arabesques, L. 66, CD 74: I. Première Arabesque — Claude Debussy, Jean-Efflam Bavouzet
Green Bus — The Innocence Mission
Lucida — Thomas Bartlett
Introduction et Allegro, M. 46 — Maurice Ravel, Oxalys
Two Thousand and Seventeen — Four Tet
When It Rains — Felbm
Lake Effect — Canary Room
Candy Says — The Velvet Underground
Serenade for Strings in C Major, Op. 48, TH 48: II. Valse — Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra, Dmitri Kitayenko
Schumann: Davidsbündlertänze, Op. 6, Heft II: No. 14, Zart und singend — Robert Schumann, Jonathan Biss
Magnolia — J.J. Cale
day one — hemlock
Return From The Ice — Acetone
Requiem in D minor, K.626: 6. Benedictus — Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Anne Sofie von Otter, Barbara Bonney, Hans Peter Blochwitz, Willard White, English Baroque Soloists, John Eliot Gardiner
River — Terry Reid
Where Should I Meet You? — Canary Room
This Night Has Opened My Eyes - 2011 Remaster — The Smiths
Brother — Vashti Bunyan
Cello Suite No. 1 in G Major, BWV 1007: I. Prélude — Johann Sebastian Bach, Yo-Yo Ma
Sweeten Your Eyes — The Clientele
Knickerbocker Holiday: September Song (Arr. by Paul Bateman) — Kurt Weill, Daniel Hope, Jacques Ammon, Zürcher Kammerorchester
Funicular — Felbm
Piano Sonata No. 12 in F Major, K. 332: II. Adagio — Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Jenő Jandó
Sensuela — Column
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Sir Francis Drake. Engraving by Robert Boissard ca 1590
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Events 7.29 (before 1920)
587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo of Tripoli sack Thessaloniki, the Byzantine Empire's second-largest city, after a short siege, and plunder it for a week. 923 – Battle of Firenzuola: Lombard forces under King Rudolph II and Adalbert I, margrave of Ivrea, defeat the dethroned Emperor Berengar I of Italy at Firenzuola (Tuscany). 1014 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, and his subsequent treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of a heart attack less than three months later, on October 6. 1018 – Count Dirk III defeats an army sent by Emperor Henry II in the Battle of Vlaardingen. 1030 – Ladejarl-Fairhair succession wars: Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II fights and dies trying to regain his Norwegian throne from the Danes. 1148 – The Siege of Damascus ends in a decisive crusader defeat and leads to the disintegration of the Second Crusade. 1565 – The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland, in a Catholic ceremony. 1567 – The infant James VI is crowned King of Scotland at Stirling. 1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: English naval forces under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake defeat the Spanish Armada off the coast of Gravelines, France. 1693 – War of the Grand Alliance: Battle of Landen: France wins a victory over Allied forces in the Netherlands. 1775 – Founding of the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Corps: General George Washington appoints William Tudor as Judge Advocate of the Continental Army. 1818 – French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light. 1836 – Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France. 1848 – Great Famine of Ireland: Tipperary Revolt: In County Tipperary, Ireland, then in the United Kingdom, an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put down by police. 1851 – Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia. 1858 – United States and Japan sign the Harris Treaty. 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C. 1871 – The Connecticut Valley Railroad opens between Old Saybrook, Connecticut and Hartford, Connecticut in the United States. 1899 – The First Hague Convention is signed. 1900 – In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by the anarchist Gaetano Bresci. His son, Victor Emmanuel III, 31 years old, succeeds to the throne. 1901 – Land lottery begins in Oklahoma. 1907 – Sir Robert Baden-Powell sets up the Brownsea Island Scout camp in Poole Harbour on the south coast of England. The camp runs from August 1 to August 9 and is regarded as the foundation of the Scouting movement. 1910 – The two-day Slocum massacre commences. 1914 – The Cape Cod Canal opened.
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Exploring the Mysteries of Sir Francis Drake: A Personal Journey with "Nova Albion and the Treasure of Sir Francis Drake"
Did you know that there are almost 8,000,000,000 people on this planet who would like to find a buried treasure on their property? Have you ever thought about digging in your yard, wondering what may be hidden beneath the surface? If not, then you might need to take inspiration from Robert L. Stupack, who nearly every day digs exploratory holes and then tunnels as deep as 36 feet below ground in his own backyard, which led him on the incredible journey that he shares with us in "Nova Albion and the Treasure of Sir Francis Drake."
At its very core, "Nova Albion and the Treasure of Sir Francis Drake" is a story of exploration and discovery, driven by Stupack's love for adventure and his decision to find out the truth about Sir Francis Drake's 1579 landing and the buried treasure he left behind in a location he named Nova Albion.
What begins as simple yard work on a Saturday morning soon evolves into a unique experience packed with danger, excitement, and unexpected twists and turns at every step. As Stupack delves deeper into his backyard exploration, his curiosity grows, fueled by the discovery of arrowhead-like shapes cut into a peculiar bright green rock protruding from the ground. This moment sparks the beginning of Stupack's quest for answers about the history of his property at 35 Via Corona in Greenbrae Ridge, igniting a passion to uncover its hidden secrets.
Driven by the possibility that his land might have once been a Coast Miwok Indian village, Stupack embarks on a journey of discovery, uncovering large triangular rocks pointing towards potential ancient structures. Intrigued by these findings, Stupack climbs the hill and observes a tall, skinny triangle formed by the rocks. The discovery of numerous small, flat triangular stones resembling arrowheads intensifies Stupack's excitement, leading him to share these artifacts with his family and seek expert guidance from professionals at the Miwok Museum in Novato and William Denton, a Registered Professional Archaeologist from Mill Valley. The men determined that the property was not a Miwok site. Undeterred, Stupack found a picture of Miwok Indians created in 1816 and was shocked to see that the background of the painting matched the view from his backyard. This set the stage for the remarkable discoveries chronicled in "Nova Albion and the Treasure of Sir Francis Drake."
But "Nova Albion and the Treasure of Sir Francis Drake" is more than just a treasure hunt—it's a heartfelt exploration of Sir Francis Drake's enduring legacy. Throughout the book, Stupack takes us on a journey through time and history, sharing the demanding situations and various other challenges he faced as he dug deep tunnels, navigated lethal traps, and met the mysteries of Drake's forgotten past. As the story progresses, he introduces us to the life story of Sir Francis Drake, weaving fact and fiction collectively in a way that keeps us eagerly flipping through the pages, unearthing the enduring legacy of how Sir Francis Drake made his way to Via Corona, leaving behind his treasure and a lot of secrets.
Ultimately, "Nova Albion and the Treasure of Sir Francis Drake" demonstrates the power of curiosity and the allure of adventure. Moreover, Stupack's unwavering determination and boundless passion for treasure hunt remind us that the greatest treasures are not always found in gold or silver, but in the thrill of discovery and correcting world history.
In conclusion, "Nova Albion and the Treasure of Sir Francis Drake" is a fascinating read that is so engaging that you will not want to put the book down and the nearly 100 images keep you in the action all the way through. So, grab a copy, and be a part of Stupack's unforgettable adventure into the legendary exploits of Sir Francis Drake.
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👀
talk that talk // @clochanam
khione does her best thinking when she's in her element. when she's working on a sculpture or when she's on the ice. so it comes as a surprise to absolutely no one that, when the fiachra investigation hits a snag, she retreats to one of the few places she feels most comfortable: an ice rink.
it's lucky, khione thinks, that she's got it all to herself when she needs it the most.
as paradise fears' battle scars blares through her phone, khione goes through the facts in her mind one more time:
one) fiachra's attacked everyone twice a month ever since they moved here. he schedules it and toys with aisling in the meantime. since november, they should've had at least five visits. they had none.
two) there is footage of him and fiachra and aisling on november second. in it, he looked angry. very much so. then aisling said something. and whatever she said scared fiachra. which was what confused aisling, or so khione assumes.
three) there is another month of footage to comb through.
and four) sanji's theory is that fiachra just went back to ireland.
she's missing something.
she's missing someone.
well, multiple someone's.
khione is missing will, and zach, and magenta, and ethan, and layla, and warren. she's missing her cornerstones. she's missing the people who make it all worth it.
and she's missing aisling too. aisling, who quickly became one of khione's cornerstones too. aisling, who saw the ice cold home khione came from and immediately set about changing all of that.
sure, aisling seems to splits her time between ireland and new york but even when she's home, it feels like she's not really there because she's got other things on her mind.
and who could fault her for that? there's so much happening at once.
she keeps coming back to one piece of information. one thing that sticks out: fiachra's attacked everyone twice a month ever since they moved here. he schedules it and toys with aisling in the meantime. since november, they should've had at least five visits. they had none.
she's just finished a camel spin and has a tentative theory worked out when a voice calls out: "that, my dear, is impressive." khione looks up and when she does, she almost wipes out, because the person talking to her - to her! - is robert "bobby" drake.
it's iceman!
freaking iceman!
"th-thank you, sir." somehow, khione manages to get the words out, proud of herself for not messing that up. alas, one does not remain composed in the presence of greatness. at least, khione doesn't.
bobby has the good grace to allow her to skate towards the wall before he speaks again.
"you're one of aisling's new kids, right? it's ice to meet you."
"you're---you, how do you...i mean---" clearing her throat, khione nods. and then nods again. she takes a deep breath through her nose, holds it in for four seconds, and then releases it through her mouth. "yes, yes i am, sir. is this really happening, though, or did i wipe out? i mean, who's to say this isn't all a figment of my very active imagination while i'm bleeding out on the ice, right?"
it is only then that his pun registers and she chuckles briefly as she tells bobby that it's ice to meet him too.
"just bobby will do," he says with a laugh, "sir makes me feel old. and i can assure you that this is real and that you're not bleeding out on the ice."
"well, you don't look a day over... over."
"you don't look a day over over, either, kiddo."
khione gives him a warm smile. this entire interaction is reinforcing just why he's always been her favorite x-men. (well, he and storm, obviously.) "if it's okay for me to ask: what are you doing here? and, also, how do you know aisling?"
"i'm looking for a pyro. and at this point, almost everyone does. the diner's well known. the professor always wanted to visit. preferably on a day that the avengers aren't there. by the way, it's a good thing she's doing, taking in kids who need it."
"yeah," khione agrees quietly, deciding to ignore the jibe at the avengers, "some days i still can't believe it. that she saw me and was like: let me open up my home. despite the fact that i'm, well---i'm not a cakewalk."
"i'll let you in on a secret, kiddo. none of us are."
the conversation turns from their powers back to aisling and khione tells bobby about the challenges of decorating her new bedroom. yet his words get stuck on a loop in her brain: i'm looking for a pyro. i'm looking for a pyro. i'm looking for a pyro. i'm looking for---
"warren," she whispers, more to herself than to him.
"what?" bobby says, "no. i'm looking for allerdyce, john allerdyce, not worthington."
"who? i was talking about warren peace."
then the pieces finally fall into place for bobby. "baron battle's son?"
"hey! you were in a relationship with simon lasker and you just said so yourself that you're looking for mr allerdyce! and also, warren - my warren, well, not mine, because he's his own person - is good. he's a good person."
"chill out, kiddo." a genuine smile blooms on bobby's features. "i hold with those who favor fire too." he reaches into his pocket and extracts a card. "i know that your parents originally wanted to send you to xavier's but that you went to sky high and sky u instead. if things ever become too much - if you ever need to cool off, just give me a call. i haven't had a protegé in a while. and i think there's a lot i can teach you. as well as the other way around."
"you..." khione whispers. "...you want me as your protegé?"
bobby nods and khione does her best not to break down on the spot.
"man," he says, "aisling's right, you really are adorable. see you around, kiddo. keep working on that camel spin." he's gone before she can thank him.
khione releases a shuddering breath. then she wipes her tears, sniffles, and gets off the ice.
she knows what she has to do now.
[text to flameo hotman: hey, it's me, i miss you. also, time sensitive question: do you think you can track someone down through their heat signature? new york is great and my new family is great too, but i may or may not have landed myself into a situation that requires your very specific skillset, and also, i miss you.]
#long post /#freeze girl / answered.#freeze girl / marvel.#clochanam#//listen i know i just completely butchered iceman but kie deserves a mentor#//and also i really like the fact that the diner is known to the x men too (as i am first and foremost an x men girl)#queue.
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Things We've Yelled About This Episode #3.9
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Gawain Poet (all quotations from the Simon Armitage translation)
Merlin (2008-2012)
The Sword in the Stone (1963)
Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975)
Geoffrey Chaucer (wiki)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (wiki)
Beowulf (our episode here)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, J. R. R. Tolkien; read by Terry Jones (audible)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Simon Armitage
"...alliteration is the warp and weft of the poem, without which it is just so many fine threads", p. viii, Introduction to the above
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, J. R. R. Tolkien
Beowulf, George Jack
De Excidio Britanniae, Gildas
The Lord of the Rings, J. R. R. Tolkien
Gandalf; The Lord of the Rings, J. R. R. Tolkien
Beowulf, Seamus Heaney
Beowulf, Maria Dhavana Headley
chivalry etymology (wiktionary)
The campfire quote Eli is thinking of here
Leon Gautier's rules of chivalry here
Chosen people - Eli is referring to this post
Culhwch and Olwen (wiki)
Owain (wiki)
Merlin in his tree phase (wiki) Apparently sometimes he's also just...in a hole with a rock on top of it? Less cool, much funnier
Monopoly
"no evil in either of them, only ecstasy", p. 72
Courtly love (wiki)
relationship anarchy (manifesto, wiki)
"So I ask you again, come and greet your aunt and make merry in my house; you're much loved there, and by me more than most", p. 112
The first branch of the Mabinogi (wiki)
The Green Knight (2021)
Dev Patel (imdb)
a slitherer-outerer - from Howl's Moving Castle, Diana Wynne Jones
"If you stand for nothing, what will you fall for?" "Aaron Burr, Sir", Hamilton (spotify
The Wheel of Time, Robert Jordan/Brandon Sanderson
Postcolonial interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (wiki)
Mansplain, Manipulate, Malewife/Gaslight, Gatekeep, Girlboss (meme)
This meme cw. rape mention
Jason Mendoza; The Good Place (2016-2020)
The Jason Mendoza school of problem-solving can be summed up by this gif:
This scene from Wednesday (2022- )
This scene from It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (2005 -) [image found]
Merle Highchurch; The Adventure Zone: Balance
The Merle Highchurch approach - referring to a scene in the TAZ: Balance arc Petals to the Metal in which Merle rolls to seduce a sentient plant
The Adventure Zone: Balance
This scene from Monty Python and the Holy Grail
Blorbo from my shows (meme)
Cat Rating: 8/10
What Else Have We Been Reading
Bold of you to assume i can [x] (meme)
The Ashburnham House fire (wiki)
Batman, DC Comics
Pandaredd (youtube)
just me against the sky, magneticwave (ao3)
Rule 63 (meme? trope? piece of internet lingo?)
Tim Drake, DC Comics
Poison Ivy, DC Comics
This meme:
Men at Arms, Terry Pratchett
Tress of the Emerald Sea, Brandon Sanderson
Brandon Sanderson's secret lockdown projects (polygon)
The Lord of the Rings, J. R. R. Tolkien
The Bands of Mourning, Brandon Sanderson
Next Time on Teaching My Cat To Read
Alanna: The First Adventure, Tamora Pierce
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Giant Historic 1628 Old Antique Restoration decorator Style World Map Fine Art Print Old World Map Wall Decor Large size up to 43" x 56 by VintageImageryX
23.00 USD
This Is A Highly Detailed Map Of The World. Circa 1628 Printed to size up to 43" x 62" (110cm x157cm) This 1628 map by Robert Vaughan shows the latest discoveries by explorers like Sir Francis Drake, Magellan, Oliverus Van der Noort and Thomas Cavendish circumnavigating the world. Interestingly, it shows a southern continent with an interesting description saying that it is as yet unknown but for a few coastlines THIS MAP HAS GREAT DETAIL SEE PHOTO BELOW THIS WILL PRINTED ON SMOOTH FINE ART WATERCOLOR PAPER This Fine Art Print has been reproduced from the original source . using UltraChrome K3 Inks which are rated up to 125+ years not cheap inks that will fade in 3 months This map will include a border of white for framing and Matting purposes which can be trimmed off if needed (not included in the size) very suitable for framing Looking for a different Map or Need this is a different size Request a custom order The display pictures are for illustration purposes only. Due to the large number of products most of our display pictures were not taken in real display rooms and have been digitally generated. To ensure your satisfaction, please measure your wall properly and make sure you pick the right size,
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They made me fall in love with all of them, the bastards. Got serious Rogue One vibes at the end there.
#fate grand order#craft essence#new argonauts#lostbelt 5.1#jason#charlotte corday#mandricardo#paris#bartholomew roberts#achilles#mochizuki chiyome#even hektor#sir francis drake
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Well I definitely don't care for that one post that's like "Well how did you think they got rich as pirates in that region?? Practice critical thinking. It's a work of fiction, grow up. Also, I'm black." (but longer)
First of all because I'm just so tired of always getting "Well, what did you expect?" in response to "Hey, that's racist." When I mention something racist about Twilight, there's always someone going, "Well, what did you expect? Stephenie Meyer is Mormon." If I mention something racist about [media from a particular country], someone goes, "Well, what did you expect? [country] is racist." As if part of thinking critically is the obligation to expect racism from everywhere, and if it ever surprises you then you weren't thinking critically enough.
Second of all because I'm so tired of people assuming that everyone has all the information all the time. I don't know what class you guys were taking that covered pirates and Stede Bonnet, but I was in the IB Program in high school and all I got was a passing mention of Sir Francis Drake. In college I wrote an essay on Sayyida al Hurra, a topic which I chose. It is so easy to go through every level of school without hearing about pirates once, I guess depending on where you live.
And third of all because they could have just used fake names?? Like, if they're following the history so loosely, then why use the historical names in the first place? What are they getting out of it? Is name recognition doing something for them? There's that article of them saying "Oh yeah, those guys were historically really bad, but we're doing a fictionalized take-" Sure, but why? If you don't want to deal with the stuff they did, then why not just have it not be them? Why, when you're writing fictional characters, is there an impulse to give these quirky, cutesy guys the names of historical figures who committed crimes against humanity? If you write a fun story about male soldiers falling in love in a quirky way and then name those soldiers Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson, that's not a cute thing that you've just done, and it's not wrong to say that it's in poor taste.
It's not a matter of, "Oh, I watched the show without my brain on and I thought I could be literal real-life best friends with these historical pirates, and now I'm sad that I can't." It's, "Human writers from this time period decided to write this. Why were these the choices they made?"
#ofmd critical#again i like the show fine#but fan defense of that aspect of it is really puzzling and gross to me#our flag means death
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‘Spirits of the Well’
“Like witches, the faery folk also gave their name to wells. In Cornwall such wells include the Fairy Well in Carbis Bay, used for making wishes, and at Blisland there is a Fairies' Well, the field next to which is said to be cursed if it is ever put to arable use and is kept to graze livestock. Also in Cornwall there is a Piskies' Well in Pelynt and near the Men an Tol stones is Fenton Bebibell, meaning 'well of the little people'. There was a tradition at this well of children blessing their dolls in the waters of this well; a custom that has recently been revived although the 'children' are now often a little older!
In Somerset, which is said to have been home to some ten fairy wells, there is a Pixy Well near Cothelstone, and England is home to a number of wells bearing Puck's name. The blessing of the spirits of the well could be gained by making offerings or gifts of such things as pins, pebbles, white quartz stones, buttons, and coins or by hanging rags in the trees overhanging the well. A well at Minchmoor, Peebles, is called the Cheese Well; so named for the bits of cheese which were dropped into its water as a gift for its indwelling spirits.
The Piskies' Well, Pelynt, also called St Nun's Well, was visited to gain the blessing of the piskies by making offerings of pins. It was believed that, by making an offering to the piskies of the well, one would be protected from the frightening experience of being pisky-led, as well as being granted good health, and good fortune in the husbandry of animals and crops.
Well spirits, like others, have their dark side and are not always beneficent in nature, thus the purpose of offerings was sometimes to guard against or reverse the harm that the spirit could cause. The spirit guardian of Cornwall's St Nun's Well, Pelynt, would bring misfortune upon the irreverent who failed to make an offering during a visit. Such people would also be haunted by the spirits of the dead in the form of moths.
Inverness women who believed they had a changeling baby would visit Fuaran a Chreigain to make an offering, such as a bowl of milk, and leave the changeling there overnight in the hopes that the fairies would exchange it for the human child by morning.
The water of holy wells could be employed in various ways to provide protection against the faery folk. Pixy-led travelers on Dartmoor could break the spell by turning their cloaks and drinking from Fitz's Well. Two Dartmoor wells carry this name and the same pixy lore — one in Princetown, the other near Okehampton, both having been given enclosures by John Fitz, grandfather of Lady Howard and friend of Sir Frances Drake; a figure also associated with magical water lore.
According to traditional witch Roy Bowers/Robert Cochrane, in the Cotswolds, an iron horseshoe nail that had been dipped in the waters of a spring formed a powerful charm to protect against the mischief of the 'little people'.
When oatmeal cakes were put out to dry in Scotland, they might be sprinkled with water from a holy well in order to prevent spirits from consuming their etheric substance.
In the 18th century, a magician was brought in to exorcise a well at Cresswell in south Pembrokeshire, for it was reputedly haunted by spirits in the form of 'White Ladies', causing the local people to avoid visiting the well after dark for fear of encountering the apparitions. To banish the spirits, the magician carved pentagrams into the trunks of beech trees growing near the well. One such pentagram was still visible on one of the trees around one hundred years ago.
Exorcisms of evil spirits might be conducted in Powys by sealing the spirit into a bottle, which was then to be dropped into a well – water has a long use within magical tradition for spirit- binding.
At some wells, such as one near St Lawrence, Pembroke, the indwelling spirit was said to be the Devil himself.
The Frog Well of Acton Burnell, Shropshire, lies near The Devil's Causeway and is said always to be inhabited by three frogs. The largest of the three is said to be the Devil accompanied by two of his imps.
A well named Holy Well, in Atwick, Yorkshire, is haunted by the dark and hooded figure of a one-eyed man, and close-by, the apparition of a headless horseman rides by. The well's ghost has been likened to Woden, having much in familiarity with the Devil, both figures having close associations with the Wild Hunt and the role of the psychopomp.”
—
Wisht Waters:
Aqueous Magica and the Cult of Holy Wells
by Gemma Gary
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Season Two Episode Two
Following a typically chaotic opener, Episode Two of Season Two strikes a far more sombre tone. The arrival of Henry Lang as Robert’s valet brings the first of this episode’s three plot points that address the impact of WW1 on the mental health of its soldiers. There is nothing funny to say about either shell-shock or suicidal ideation both of which are vast, complex issues that, for my money, Downton Abbey isn’t the vehicle explore in (because they require more time and depth than the pace of the plot in Season Two affords) and it certainly isn’t my place to make light of them in this rather irreverent corner of the internet. So I’m going to have a go at treading a fine line here. Forgive me if I stumble.
Lang is clearly in the grips of something awful and yet in an attempt to avoid the indignity of having maids in the dining room, he is bumped up to footman duty. He struggles throughout, culminating in him depositing his cargo on Edith’s dress. Mrs O’Brein has firmly taken Lang under her wing, recognising that he is struggling and offers him assurance and comfort that she has never gifted to Thomas.
Across the Village, Lieutenant Edward Courtenay is in the hospital having been blinded by gas. The use of gas (both chlorine and mustard) had a devastating impact on soldiers in WW1 but was also the root of the development of Zyklon B. Frtiz Haber, a German Jewish chemist, enabled chlorine gas to be used a weapon in WW1 and his research was later developed into the Zyklon process which was used by the Nazis to murder millions, including his own family. This is only one of a dizzying number of appalling ironies to be found in the World Wars but as I said last episode, I’m not a military historian so I’m going to leave it there. Edward had plans to return to the country after his graduation from Oxford to pursue the simple life (although one gets the feeling that his idea of the pursuit of a simple life will still be one that is very well upholstered). Thomas has taken it upon himself to read Edward’s letters to him and together with Sybil is helping him to adjust to living life with a different set of parameters. But growing pressure on the hospital’s limited capacity means that he is to be transferred elsewhere. All three voice their dissent at varying volumes to Major Clarkson who falls back on the very real backlog of wounded men. After Edward has died, Major Clarkson, Isobel and Sybil talk about a renewed need for the Abbey to become a convalescent home, an idea that has been bubbling under the surface for a while now. Meanwhile, Thomas has been left on his own to process both Edward’s death and the implications of witnessing a lack of support given by his own physician to those with depression.
The usually reliably jovial Mrs Patmore also has a more somber episode with her pursuit for the truth about the death of her nephew Archie. Robert finds that he has been shot for cowardice. Not only does this mean that her family is in mourning but they will now have to navigate the stigma and undue shame that came with having a relative die in this way. So entrenched in British life was the derision levelled at those who were shot for cowardice or desertion that it was only in 2006 that pardons were offered by Britain for 309 of those that were executed by firing squad during WW1. I know I said I’d leave it there with the military history, but that felt like an important bit of context.
We are now in 1917 and Matthew is still in the same trench that he was in 1916 (a detail I hadn’t actually noticed until I got the screen cap for this) so it looks like his strategy of downing tools mid-fight and continuously popping back to Blighty for important plot developments isn’t really paying dividends. Perhaps the addition of William to the ranks will help him? William certainly seems to think so and if the speed at which he moves through the various stages of his ‘relationship’ with Daisy is any indication of his tactical prowess, the British Front will not only be well within Germany’s borders but will be breathing down Russia’s neck in a fortnight. In any other episode, this would certainly get the award for oddest relationship dynamic but Sir Richard Carlisle exists.
Sir Richard makes his debut at Downton, having been introduced in name only in the previous episode. He and Mary met at Cliveden which is a regular haunt of mine, giving me hope that one day I too will from a strategic alliance with a newspaper magnate. He may know how to talk his way around a boardroom but he is lacking in the sartorial department. Whilst Sir Richard manages to avoid catching fire in his tweed, Lavinia is not free from the heat as he threatens her with his connection to her uncle. He may not know much about navigating the niceties of Downton, but at least he has cottoned on to the fact that any major disagreement should occur under a specific tree. Whilst Mary’s signature move is weeping into her gloves, Sir Richard’s is grabbing women by the forearm. A female friend of mine told me that one of her favourite things about the pandemic and the compulsion to keep 2m away from anyone (and not just emotionally) is that she has not been ’steered’ by a male hand on her lower back since 2019. It turns out that she can enter and exit rooms just fine on her own and I get the impression that Lavinia could get the gist of Sir Richard’s rage without the vice like grip of a man probably about twice her age.
Twinned with the ’tree of emotional conflict’, the ‘platform of romantic uncertainty’ provides the backdrop for Sir Richard’s proposal of marriage to Mary which is a declaration that really feels like it should come with a series of well-formatted charts. Mary’s heart, however, is still very much with Cousin Matthew. After being counselled by Carson in a type of conversation I cannot imagine her ever having with her father, she is on the verge of coming clean with Matthew. But in the second round of Lavinia vs. Mary, Lavinia declares that she ‘could not go on living’ without Matthew and Mary winds her neck in.
Also having a romantic entanglement this episode is Edith. Drake, previously of dropsy fame, has lost his farm hands and Edith turns up to offer her help in a wildly unsuitable trouser and heeled boot combo. But she soon gets down to it by pulling up a tree stump and flirting in a barn whilst a rather lovely border collie looks on (I’m currently trying to talk myself out of getting a border collie and this incident has done nothing to help things). After showing Drake that she can drink from a bottle like literally every single other human on the planet, the two share a kiss and some highly awkward dialogue that only slightly resembles ‘Carry on Downton’.
Whilst Edith is more than happy to crack on in a barn, Mr Molesley is much more backwards about coming forwards. Apparently having predicted the creation of ‘The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society’, he figures that a book is the perfect kindling for romance when you exist in a glossy depiction of the past. Sadly neither Elizabeth nor her German garden can lure Anna from Bates who is fast shaping up to be schrodinger’s boyfriend. Anna proceeds to make some odd analogy where she compares Mr Bates to her moon-based child, revealing a rather unhealthy amount of codependency in that particular relationship.
Romantic declaration of the moment
Again, it feels like anyone but Sybil and Branson should get this but I am an agent of chaos and here we are. Branson defends Sybil’s will to work and has ample opportunity to see her shine in her chosen field. The admission that she will not be returning to her old life is a little chink of light that Branson basks in.
Expressive eyebrow of the week
I nominate Carson’s entire face when he realises that he has taken on too much and goes an impressive shade of red. As Carson frets about spoons, sauce, and something I can’t quite fathom, he starts to resemble a man who is re-arranging the deckchairs on the Titanic. Carson’s battle to get a cork out of a bottle and knocking into chairs is a warm up to his rather dramatic collapse which is accompanied by a pretty disturbing groan. Sybil springs to action and he is soon efficiently ensconced in his own quarters.
Wait, what?
“I got a lot done on the train” Clearly Richard was on a train that was unencumbered with the wifi issues that plague the Pendolino.
“It takes a good deal more than that to shock me.” Mary’s shock-o-meter is a pretty odd instrument. It is unresponsive to corpses of diplomats but goes into absolute meltdown at the notion that she might have to live in a cottage.
“Let's hope my reputation will survive it.” I’ve not checked (and I categorically never will) but I would put money on the fact that someone has created a rarepair out of this.
“How can Matthew have chosen that little blonde piece?” Is Lavinia blonde? Women’s hair is not really my forte but I would have thought she was more akin to Tim Minchin than 1998 Justin Timberlake.
“I believe in this war. I believe in what we are fighting for.” William seems to have a better grip on what all of this is about than I ever did in high school history. The ‘A’ that eluded me is heading his way.
“I thought he might've died for love of you.” How I love snipey Thomas. It’s good to have him back. To borrow a quote from Bottas (another man who is currently living a life in which his destiny is his own demise) ‘traditions’.
“Fold it in, don’t slap it” The more season two goes on, the more I think that Moira is just an amalgamation of some choice elements of Julian’s kingdom.
#downton abbey#Downton#downton rewatch#Downton movie#downton abbey movie#thomas barrow#tom branson#edward courtenay#sybil branson#Mary Crawley#lady mary#Matthew Crawley#lavinia swire#Charles Carson#edith crawley#elsie hughes#Mrs Patmore#daisy mason#william mason#anna bates#john bates
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Events 2.11 (before 1950)
660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his coming of age clears the way for Nero to become Emperor. 951 – Guo Wei, a court official, leads a military coup and declares himself emperor of the new Later Zhou. 1144 - Robert of Chester completes his translation from Arabic to Latin of the Liber de compositione alchemiae, marking the birth of Western alchemy. 1534 – At the Convocation of Canterbury, the Catholic bishops comprising the Upper House of the Province of Canterbury agree to style Henry VIII supreme head of the English church and clergy "so far as the law of Christ allows". 1584 – A naval expedition led by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa founds Nombre de Jesús, the first of two short-lived Spanish settlements in the Strait of Magellan. 1586 – Sir Francis Drake with an English force captures and occupies the Spanish colonial port of Cartagena de Indias for two months, obtaining a ransom and booty. 1659 – The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses. 1794 – First session of United States Senate opens to the public. 1808 – Jesse Fell burns anthracite on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal. 1812 – Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry is accused of "gerrymandering" for the first time. 1823 – Carnival tragedy of 1823: About 110 boys are killed during a stampede at the Convent of the Minori Osservanti in Valletta, Malta. 1826 – University College London is founded as University of London. 1840 – Gaetano Donizetti's opera La fille du régiment receives its first performance in Paris, France. 1843 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi alla prima crociata receives its first performance in Milan, Italy. 1855 – Kassa Hailu is crowned Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia. 1856 – The Kingdom of Awadh is annexed by the British East India Company and Wajid Ali Shah, the king of Awadh, is deposed. 1858 – Bernadette Soubirous's first vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary occurs in Lourdes, France. 1861 – American Civil War: The United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state. 1873 – King Amadeo I of Spain abdicates, triggering the proclamation of the First Spanish Republic. 1889 – The Meiji Constitution of Japan is adopted. 1903 – Anton Bruckner's 9th Symphony receives its first performance in Vienna, Austria. 1906 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer Nos. 1919 – Friedrich Ebert (SPD), is elected President of Germany. 1929 – The Kingdom of Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty. 1937 – The Flint sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Auto Workers trade union. 1938 – BBC Television produces the world's first ever science fiction television programme, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Čapek play R.U.R., that coined the term "robot". 1942 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Bukit Timah is fought in Singapore. 1946 – The New Testament of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, the first significant challenge to the Authorized King James Version, is published.
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