Any statistics around homelessness are greatly underrepresented. Here’s why:
• The numbers that tell how many unhoused people are in the United States are done using something called Point In Time (PIT) counts.
• PIT numbers are used to identify needs for services, and help shelters qualify for funding.
• PIT counts are done on a random night in January every year.
• PIT numbers only count people who are legally considered homeless (couch surfing isn’t considered homelessness, legally) This means PIT counts are only counting people in shelter beds, and those visibly sleeping outside.
• On this random night in January, it’s often freezing. When I was unhoused in New England winters, I can tell you I wasn’t sleeping outside. I’d stay up and walk around if I couldn’t find a place to crash, and sleep in the daytime. I knew sleep meant death. Most people who do sleep outdoors are usually hidden well, because that means warmth and safety.
• Most shelters simply do not have the funding to staff outreach workers to go out to do PIT counts. Even if they have the funding, it’s hard to find unhoused people, so staying out the whole night is difficult.
• From unofficial counts done similarly to PIT counts in warmer months, it’s easy to see booming numbers of unhoused people. More people aren’t unhoused in the summer, it’s just less dangerous to sleep outdoors.
• PIT counts especially misrepresent youth, disabled people and other marginalized people, because they’re often couch surfing while homeless. Couch surfing is not legally considered homelessness.