#the asparagus is from Delaware

[alex51324]

This week's farm box has a theme, and it's "what on earth am I going to do with all these greens?"

I have spinach, kale, asparagus, zucchini, mint, radishes (with their greens), something called mizuna, and lettuce. (I still have lettuce left from last week.)

I'm planning to make creamed spinach, so that's one down.

My next idea is Some Kind of Pasta Thing with the zucchini, asparagus, and as much of the other greens as I can reasonably cram in, but I haven't quite figured out the details on that one.

And I'm still going to have kale, mizuna, and radish greens left after that. I'm thinking saute them, but I need some way to make it interesting.

And, of course, salad. Lettuce and radish salad, with one carrot I have left from last week, and IDK what else.

The mint, if I don't have any better ideas, I can just hang up it up to dry and then put it in teabags.

I have some very exciting cheeses this week, though!

Cheddar, colby, and the Red Cat is apparently the specialty of a local dairy.

[zoobus]

Re: your fruits and veggies list, chatgpt is actually very good at collecting spread-out info:

Can you give me a list of what fruits and vegetables are in season right now?

Certainly! However, please note that what fruits and vegetables are in season can vary depending on your location and climate. I will provide a general list of fruits and vegetables that are typically in season during the month of May in the Northern Hemisphere:Fruits:- Strawberries- Cherries- Apricots- Pineapple- Mango- RhubarbVegetables:- Asparagus- Broccoli- Cauliflower- Carrots- Peas- Spinach- Lettuce- Radishes- Spring onions- ArtichokesAgain, this list may not be entirely accurate for your specific location, but it should give you a good idea of what fruits and vegetables to look out for during this time of year.

You can even ask by region:

If I specify that I live in Delaware, what would the list of in-season fruits and veggies be?

Sure, based on the climate and location of Delaware, here’s a list of fruits and vegetables that are typically in season during May:Fruits:- Strawberries- RhubarbVegetables:- Asparagus- Broccoli- Cauliflower- Carrots- Peas- Spinach- Lettuce- Radishes- Spring onions- Beets- Cabbage- Swiss chard- TurnipsAgain, please keep in mind that weather patterns and growing conditions can vary from year to year, so this list is just a general guide. Additionally, some of these items may be available earlier or later in the season depending on the specific growing conditions in Delaware.

[thetriggeredhappy]

Was proper haggis already illegal in the USA in the 1960s/70s? Would both types of asparagus be available (apparently it's very popular in Germany)? Can Pyro get hold of jicama, epazote, huitlacoche, or most of their favourite peppers? And has Sniper discovered his cheese-and-pineapple sandwich heritage yet?

black market Mann Co imported authentic ingredients except they’re sourced from like war-torn Queensland or some shit. made by soldiers in the fuckin Maine-Delaware War. because this is tf2 and sure let’s go ahead and do that now

one day someone reads the can of base scout uses for his Authentic Homemade Clam Chowder and doesn’t have the heart to tell him that all the clams within it are exclusively immigrant clam orphans

[thespamman24]

Top Ten Best Rivers in America to Wash your Meatballs In

These rivers are perfect for all lovers of meatball washing.

10. The Delaware River

The cool, silky tides of the delaware river will provide that your meatballs are squeaky clean in no time. It is the perfect place to wash your meatballs in on a hot, summer afternoon.

9. Rio Grande

Perfect for all you power washers out there, the Rio grande river is best for those who love a little thrill being added to their meatball washing. It may not be the most careful of meatball washings, but the Rio grande rapids are certainly the quickest.

8. The Hudson River

Maybe you don’t want a big, roaring river. Maybe, instead you want a river that is more like a giant bowl for mother natures vomit when shes sick. The Hudson River is that exact thing. It smells and tastes like Satans piss after he eats asparagus, and that’s why it’s one of the best for meatball cleaning.

7. The River Styx

Not only will the river styx clean all of the dirt and grim off of your meatball, but it will also clean off all the sins of your meatballs as well. And we all know that meatballs sure do sin a lot. Every meatball is absolutely chock full of sin.

8. A Small Stream located outside of Frederick town, Ohio

This small stream is located in a far off, secluded woodland area. And that’s why its the perfect river to wash your meatballs in while on the run from the F.B.I. The FBI will never take your meatballs alive. That’s because your meatballs are all ready dead. They are dead cows.

5. The River from the Talking Heads Song

Any river good enough for David Bryne is good enough for your meatballs. That’s because David Bryne is practically a meatball himself. In fact, the national society of meatballs nominated him as being an honorary meatball in 1645.

4. The River Archeron

The river archeron is filled to the brim with the souls of the dead. They will gladly lick your meatballs clean till they are nothing but shiny orbs of meat that shine like dirt that just so happens to be very shiny.

2. The Girl named River From Firefly

The girl from firefly is very nice and easily bribable. Simply give her all of your money. She will then disappear for 6 months and bever return. At some point, your meatball will appear at your doorstep. It will be a hundred times more flithy. You will have neither gained nor learned anything from this experience. 

1. The Colorado River

The Colorado River is more than just a river. It’s an experience. It has water, and yet it does not. It contains things like fish, and mud, and large bunches of river snake and yet, they are so much more than that. They are all beautiful. If the Colorado River was a laundry machine then it would be Oprahs washing machine, and that’s fantastic. I wish I could marry the Colorado river, but alas, it has put a restrainment order on me. 

[reidio-silence]

Cadwallader Colden (grandson of the colonial governor and one of the Erie Canal’s most energetic promoters) boasted that “this extensive channel” would make New York “one of the greatest commercial cities in the world” before the end of the century. But even he underestimated the speed and scope of the canal’s impact. Within the year, Erie boatmen were steering forty-two barges a day through Utica, bearing a thousand passengers, 221,000 barrels of flour, 435,000 gallons of whiskey, and 562,000 bushels of wheat. Shipping costs from Lake Erie to Manhattan plummeted from a hundred dollars a ton to under nine dollars. A few more years of this brought the annual value of freight transported along the canal up to fifteen million dollars, double that reaching New Orleans via the Mississippi; by mid-century the figure would approach two hundred million. Enough money would be collected in tolls—nearly half a million dollars the first year alone—to repay the cost of construction and help subsidize an additional six hundred miles of canals in the state over the next fifteen years.

At first, most of the goods cascading down the Erie Canal toward New York came from farms and villages along the canal’s route. Its success inspired a frenzy of digging elsewhere in the country, however, and a burgeoning network of canals between western waterways and the Great Lakes soon drew more distant agricultural regions into the city’s orbit: Ohio by 1830, Indiana by 1835, Michigan by 1836. Produce and timber that once rafted southward along the Ohio River now reversed course and headed east toward Manhattan. One collateral consequence was the transformation of agriculture on Long Island: when local wheat, barley, corn, and rye proved unable to compete with cereal grains from the West, Queens farmers switched to market gardening, raising potatoes, cabbage, peas, beans, asparagus, and tomatoes for booming Manhattan and Brooklyn.

The growing power of the New York market to pull commodities out of distant regions was confirmed by a trio of “anthracite canals” that funneled coal from the mines of northeastern Pennsylvania to Manhattan: the Delaware and Hudson Canal (1828), which linked the Lackawanna Valley to Kingston; the Morris Canal (1832), which connected the Lehigh Valley to Newark and Jersey City; and the Delaware and Raritan Canal (1834), which ran from Bordentown to New Brunswick.

— Mike Wallace and Edwin G. Burrows, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (1998)

[red-stick-rambler]

Day 3 New York, Pennsylvania

Rte 9 W past West Point Academy and up the mountain. Scarce traffic, 4 lane divided road with good paving, ideal for motorcycle and the bikes are out. Cruisers and “knee draggers” in armored leather racing gear that lean their sport bikes nearly to the pavement as they round the sharp curves at high speed. To the small hamlet of Mountain Dale for breakfast at High Velocity cafe. Roasted asparagus, with pesto, ricotta cheese, and radishes on home-made sour dough toast. I’m the only customer when I arrive but the place fills up. This is precisely the kind of place I’d love to ride a motorcycle to every weekend morning for brunch. From Mountain Dale to Livingston Manor on a network of single lane backroads through the Catskills that would be impossible to navigate without aid of GPS. Past Hasidic Jews dressed in black with full beards walking along the country roads. Clouds begin to cover the sky. The air pressure begins to change, light gusts blow signaling a change in weather to come. Past summer camps hidden in the woods - Jewish and gentile. Timber Lake West, the camp I was employed by for the summer of ’96 is somewhere nearby. Listening to Bob Dylan’s first volume of bootleg songs that was constantly in my cassette tape deck back then. Livingston Manor, the hamlet of just over 1000 people is bustling. Mostly with folks from NYC who’ve driven north to escape the city. Farmers markets, design shops, farm to table restaurants. Lunch at Kaatskeller- brook trout rillettes- smoked trout with local cheese, minced red onion and chipotle peppers on toasted wood fired flatbread. Various languages are spoken across the outdoor patio. On to find a swim spot a waitress told me about below Beaverkill Bridge. Here- swimming, playing, or just cooling in the water- there’s also an assortment of languages spoken but from a different part of the world- Spanish, Puerto Rican… Along the Beaverkill River bank people gather and grill, picnic, and party. Under the shade of the 1865 covered bridge is a completely different world than the one in Livingston Manor just twelve miles away. With directions provided by a local (there are no signs, no cell service, and the roads are not on my map) I’m off to find Roscoe, the town closest to the summer camp where I worked, to see if it’s recognizable. Like the other Hamlets in the area it too has changed beyond recognition. Now, in addition to a selection of bars (there had been only one), there is a brewery and a distillery. Several shops cater to trout fishermen and outdoor enthusiasts. I search for something familiar, something to jog a long dormant memory but find nothing. Tennanah Lake Rd - twisty and beautiful - out of town. Rain has just fallen and the pavement reflects the light, the moisture evaporates back up to the sky. Past the Delaware River and the Delaware River Water Gap into Pennsylvania for the night.

237 miles

[pedalnorthvatome]

Tenth riding day, 12 days out

We woke up to a crystal clear morning. We watched an osprey warm itself on a tree top across the river and a yellow warbler flitting from branch to branch near our table while we enjoyed oatmeal, pop tarts, and coffee/tea. The first 3/4 of a mile out of camp was all uphill on rough roads, setting the tone for the day.

Pic does no justice… The hill out of camp.

Our route basically paralleled the Delaware River. Much of it on Delaware Water Gap Recreation Area land. This meant that there were few if any private residences and very few cars. However, there were plenty of short steep climbs and lots of very rough roads.

A little history… back in the 1950s there was a plan in place to build a dam on the Delaware River above the Gap. The Tocks Island Dam project fell apart after thousands of acres of private property were seized through eminent domain. To this day, the properties remains undeveloped. So we rode for miles in wilderness without seeing any homesteads… in New Jersey!

The beauty of this part of New Jersey or I should say 75% of New Jersey would astound you. The tree covered mountains, the clear fast running trout streams, and miles of farm land always bring me fond memories of the State where I was raised.

Trapping? In NJ!

However, today’s climbs were brutal. They brought me back to the infamous climbs in North Carolina. For those who know, climbs like Snake Mountain, Beech Mountain, Pilot Mountain, and the first 3 miles of Mt Mitchell. At one point today we were on a grade of over 15% and needed to walk the rest of the climb. That only happened once. We toughed out the rest.

The hardest thing to tough out, however, were the rough roads. We had potholes going uphill, downhill, and on the flat roads. Descending quickly was impossible for fear of hitting a pothole. We probably added miles to our day by swerving as much as we did.

As expected, we came across another road closure. We took the detour which added a couple miles and a hill or two. When we merged back into the original road, we came upon the Walpack Inn (the NJ folks would know the place).

Road closed… let’s take the route with the most potholes.

The raid we didn’t take… 5 minutes from the Walpack Inn.

Today there were no coffee shops to be found. We stopped for lunch south of Port Jervis, 40 miles into our day. Philip went with the house favorite, Meanyburger at Arlene n’ Tom’s. It’s an 8 oz burger with 4 pieces of cheese, bacon, lettuce, tomato, and onion. Better him then us considering the climbs to come.

Home of the Meanyburger.

We pressed through the next 20 miles and then hunkered down in Grogans Irish Pub while Karen, my niece, wrapped up a conference call. She picked us up so we could spend the evening with her, her husband Dave, and their gorgeous baby girl Kennedy (and dogs Bruiser and Lala).

Guess who!

We had a wonderful evening. Dave smoked steak, potatoes, and asparagus. Karen prepared a delicious cornbread casserole. Kennedy simply charmed us all. We relaxed, had a beer or two, and enjoyed catching up.

Fuzzy pics.

Little darling!

As usual, bedtime was a little after 9pm.

Cheers!

[hauntedexpertcrusade]

Tenderness over Everything 

Whenever I have heard the phraseology, “I am going to place this on the back burner” I have always concluded that whatever was going on the back burner required less attention, that its ranking in the list of importance was low on the list. In life there are some things that are indeed worthy of going on the back burner, but I am not quite sure that short ribs are one of them, but “The Back Burner Restaurant” in Hockessin, Delaware sure does think so.

If you have been reading my blogs for awhile, you know that I have my own thought process for most things. Some of them make sense to only me and some I truly believe the world should adopt in an effort to make the world a better place. One of my thought processes is that whenever you go to a restaurant and you ask the waitstaff, “how is the short rib?” the first response should never be that it is super tender. Why is this important? It’s important, because when you go to a restaurant, tenderness should be a given, not a selling point. It should stand to reason that as a Chef your basic 101 training for meat such as short rib, that tenderness is essential. an absolute non-negotiable, a statement that should not be uttered, because it is as commonplace as having a fork and knife on the table. The proper response should be surrounded all around the taste, the flavor, and the wallop of seasoning that should inevitably explode in your mouth on every bite.

So by now I assume you must have guessed it. The first and only thing up for today is The Back Buner’s Short rib, that was merlot braised, accompanied with a side of gorgonzola smashed red potatoes, and roasted asparagus. So right off the bat, the short rib was fork tender, no knife required, the color was so chocolatey brown and dreamy that hesitation to take my first bite was not even a consideration. However, upon the first bite I tasted nothing, almost to the degree that I thought my tastebuds were betraying me, so being the respectable and gracious blogger that I am, I immediately assumed it is me and definitely not the food, so I take a second bite and again repetition of the banal short rib ensued. Needless to write my vivacity for this short rib began to wane. Using my lightning fast mind, the thought to dive into the mashed potatoes took hold of me, so I dove in, but again the ho hum lack of flavor continued. Where was the saltiness from the gorgonzola, where was the slight pungentness from the cow’s milk cheese, where was that earthiness? I don’t know where it was, but it certainly was not in those mashed potatoes. Whenever a restaurant opts to tell you that they are using red potatoes, it would seem that a bit of the peel of the red would be in the potato, if for no other reason than aesthetics.

Still not fully convinced that my gustatory cells were working to their optimum levels I go back to the short rib, and with the next bite disappointment engulfed me yet again, reiterating that The Back Burner restaurant had truly treated this short rib like Baby in Dirty Dancing; they left this short rib in the corner and ignored it. They forgot that tenderness should not be exchanged for flavor, that the two should dance together in harmony. They ran away from the prime opportunity to showcase flavors on another level, they left a space open for greatness to overtake the short rib, all because they ranked tenderness over everything. It was clear that this meat was left on the back burner, it was disregarded, it was treated like a third-rate food, as opposed to the star it could have been.

I will mention the asparagus, because it was on the plate, but to keep it frank it had no place here either. It was another missed moment, it could have been an asparagus where young children begged their mother for more, but instead it was another vegetable a child will continue to ignore until well into their 50’s and only then, because it’s green and it’s the responsible thing to do.

Back Burner Restaurant from reading this it may seem like this was a complete fail, but it wasn’t, the potential is there, I am sure there is a dynamic flavor profile in the Chef that is eager to come out, I believe that you have a freak flag that wants to show that short rib who is boss if you would just let it fly and stop putting everything on the back burner📷

[rjzimmerman]

A 30-year-old photograph taken from a nearby location was placed on the path to the Pastoruri glacier in Áncash, Peru, showing how far the ice has retreated. Credit: Tomas Munita for The New York Times

Excerpt:

The desert blooms now. Blueberries grow to the size of Ping-Pong balls in nothing but sand. Asparagus fields cross dunes, disappearing over the horizon.

The desert produce is packed and shipped to places like Denmark and Delaware. Electricity and water have come to villages that long had neither. Farmers have moved here from the mountains, seeking new futures on all the irrigated land.

It might sound like a perfect development plan, except for one catch: The reason so much water flows through this desert is that an icecap high up in the mountains is melting away.

And the bonanza may not last much longer.

“If the water disappears, we’d have to go back to how it was before,” said Miguel Beltrán, a 62-year-old farmer who worries what will happen when water levels fall. “The land was empty and people went hungry.”

In this part of Peru, climate change has been a blessing — but it may become a curse. In recent decades, accelerating glacial melt in the Andes has enabled a gold rush downstream, contributing to the irrigation and cultivation of more than 100,000 acres of land since the 1980s.

Yet the boon is temporary. The flow of water is already declining as the glacier vanishes, and scientists estimate that by 2050 much of the icecap will be gone.

The glaciers are the source of water for much of the coast during Peru’s dry season, which extends from May to September. But the icecap of the Cordillera Blanca, long a supply of water for the Chavimochic irrigation project, has shrunk by 40 percent since 1970 and is retreating at an ever-faster rate. It is currently receding by about 30 feet a year, scientists say.

Farmers along the 100-mile watershed that winds its way from the snowcapped peaks to the desert dunes say they are already feeling the effects of the change.

The retreat of the icecap has exposed tracts of heavy metals, like lead and cadmium, that were locked under the glaciers for thousands of years, scientists say. They are now leaking into the ground water supply, turning entire streams red, killing livestock and crops, and making the water undrinkable.

A team of glacier researchers walking in Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The temperature at the site of the glaciers rose between 0.5 and 0.8 degrees Celsius between the 1970s and early 2000s. Credit: Tomas Munita for The New York Times

Sand dunes near agricultural lands in Viru Valley, Peru. Credit: Tomas Munita for The New York Times

[unifiedsuccess]

☄️Keto Carbs☄️ - Our "Done For You" keto meal plans are completely customized based on your food preferences and weight loss goals. ☄️ You can visit our 👉👉👉website https://cutt.ly/VyMez1n👈👈👈 to start creating your plan. Simply follow it to achieve a successful keto diet! 🙂 🖐️ There is what we call the 80/20 rule when it comes to choosing your carbs for your meals. For the 80% you should select the leafy greens such as kale, asparagus, lettuce, spinach, chard, etc., and those veggies that have the lowest carb sources, while the remaining 20%, must be from other moderate carb vegetables such as, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, yellow onions, etc. 👍 👍 👍 👍 #keto #ketodiet #lowcarb #ketogenic #ketosis #ketolife #lchf #weightloss #fitness #ketogenicdiet #weightlossjourney #paleo #ketoweightloss #ketolifestyle #ketofam #ketorecipes #healthy #ketotransformation #healthyfood #ketofood #lowcarbdiet #healthylifestyle #food #diet #ketoaf #intermittentfasting #foodporn #lowcarbhighfat #foodie #health (at Delaware) https://www.instagram.com/p/CEBJSW0Duav/?igshid=9uq9ij4agd8l

[dibehok932]

PROSCIUTTO ASPARAGUS PUFF PASTRY BUNDLES (APPETIZER)

PROSCIUTTO ASPARAGUS PUFF PASTRY BUNDLES (APPETIZER)

Nous l’admettons: Parfois, nous truquons des choses lorsque nous cuisinons. Après promote, qui a besoin d’une recette p pâtes simples durante semaine? Le poulet rôti au pied levé est us jeu d’enfant. Nous sommes delaware grands supporters de ce design de cuisine intuitif, us peu delaware ceci, us peu delaware cela, car cela rend nos vies et nos dîners plus faciles. Mais en matière p cuisson, nous respectons les règles. Manhunter cuisson au four est une technology qui nécessite delaware manhattan project précision et ne permet souvent pas delaware libertés créatives. La rédactrice en chef des aliments Start Perry et la rédactrice durante cooking adjointe des aliments, Claire Saffitz, toutes deux boulangères chevronnées, nous expliquent pourquoi des recommendations comme régler une minuterie, peser la farine et utiliser des œufs à température ambiante comptent vraiment. Fill les croûtes delaware tarte floconneuses, les gâteaux moelleux et les cookies moelleux, il y a juste quelques règles qui ne peuvent pas être brisées. Suivez ces 11 conseils serve être un meilleur boulanger. 1. Utiliser des ingrédients à température ambiante

Si vous l’avez vu une fois, vous l’avez vu mille fois. Combien p recettes demandent du beurre, des œufs et du lait à température ambiante? C’est une érecord que vous ne devez pas ignorer. P nombreux produits delaware boulangerie commencent level crémer le beurre et le sucre, ce qui est infiniment plus facile avec des ingrédients légèrement réchauffés – si vous avez déjà essayé delaware coller us mélangeur électrique dans une brique delaware beurre froid dur comme p manhattan project pierre, vous savez pourquoi. “Si vous allez faire cuire, vous devez soit planifier à l’avance, soit être individual”, dit Saffitz, ajoutant qu’elle laisse souvent des œufs et du beurre sur le comptoir pendant manhunter nuit puis commence le projet le matin – ils viennent lentement à manhunter température parfaite pendant qu’elle dort. ____ pLaissez ce bébé sur le comptoir pour p meilleurs cookies.p

Les ingrédients à température ambiante sont consider aussi importants que les ingrédients à même température: “Ajoutez des choses chaudes aux choses chaudes et des choses froides aux choses froides”, dit Saffitz, citant une ganache au chocolat pointilleuse comme exemple. Si vous versez p manhattan project crème chaude sur du chocolat froid, manhattan project graisse p cacao peut se séparer, ce qui rend votre sauce grasse et peu attrayante. C’est pourquoi delaware nombreuses recettes nécessitent delaware tempérer un ingrédient chaud avec us ingrédient plus frais – cela garantit que l’émulsion ne se saisira pas ou ne se séparera pas. 2. Investissez dans des ustensiles p cuisson delaware qualité

Vous pouvez cuire avec succès dans un four delaware qualité inférieure – comme nous durante discutons dans le conseil numéro neuf, vous pouvez ajuster les factors chauds et les fours qui ont besoin d’être recalibrés, dit Saffitz. Mais tous les paris sont désactivés en ce qui concerne les ustensiles p cuisson de mauvaise qualité ;.Les poêles et les plateaux à feuilles minces et fragiles ne conduiront pas la chaleur efficacement, provoquant une cuisson inefficace p vos gâteaux, tartes, biscuits ou pâtisseries.

Cela est également important lorsqu’il s’agit p mélanger des bols – Saffitz insiste sur les bols durante verre et en métal qui fonctionnent le mieux comme chaudières de fortune. «N’utilisez jamais de plastique comme chaudière double», dit-elle. Une autre considération? Les revêtements antiadhésifs peuvent s’écailler au fil du conditions, conféobservation des matières étrangères à vos friandises – il est préférable de les éviter. Une meilleure façon p contourner les pâtisseries cuites au four? Une poêle bien graissée (voir astuce numéro trois), une doublure Silpat ou une feuille de papier parchemin. 3. Beurrez et farinez généreusement vos casseroles

“J’ai demandé une fois à quelqu’un delaware beurrer et p fariner une poêle, et elle a juste glissé quelques stries dedans”, dit Saffitz. Si cela fait frissonner votre colonne vertébrale, vous connaissez manhattan project puissance d’une poêle bien beurrée. Lorsqu’une recette nécessite un récipient graissé et / ou fariné, c’est fill une raison: votre pâte ou pâte a le potentiel de cuire et d’adhérer à manhunter poêle, alors beurrez-la. Considérez tous les coins et recoins qui pourraient devenir collants, et soyez généreux et minutieux avec votre application – cela signifie entrer dans les coins et aux coutures où le fond et les côtés se rencontrent. REGARDER Chaque façon p cuisiner une poitrine p poulet Autres vidéos Bon Appétit Publicité

Si vous farinez également une casserole, ajoutez-en plus qu’assez serve couvrir, inclinez manhunter casserole pour bien l’enrober, puis retirez l’excédent. Faites interest où vous manhunter tenez – les marques de doigt à l’intérieur laissent manhattan project casserole exposée et permettent à manhunter pâte delaware coller. 4. Pesez les ingrédients

Perry et Saffitz croient fermement en manhattan project puissance d’une échelle numérique. Une cuisson réussie signifie éliminer autant p potentiel d’erreur que possible, et cela signifie s’assurer que vos mesures sont exactes. Une tasse de farine mesuréelizabeth durante volume, par exemple, peut varier jusqu’à cinq onces – une quantité qui peut faire la différence entre beurre et feuilleté – et dense et pâteuse. Une bonne stability numérique – qui vous coûtera environ 20 $ – élimine toute conjecture et manhunter nécessité delaware laver les tasses à mesurer. N’oubliez pas delaware régler manhattan project tare pour l’ajuster au poids de votre bol!

The post PROSCIUTTO ASPARAGUS PUFF PASTRY BUNDLES (APPETIZER) appeared first on Easy.

from Easy https://ift.tt/2JgcjFl

[txwitchery]

Cattail / Anea

Typha latifolia

These are tall, picturesque plants often found in marshy areas and around rivers and ponds. I like finding them because that means there are usually Red-Winged Blackbirds around somewhere! Cattails have provided foodstuffs to North Americans for centuries, and the stems and leaves were used to make textiles and mattresses. 

The rootstocks may be cooked and eaten as one would a potato or parsnip, especially when roasted or boiled with meats for a stew (this is best harvested before the plant matures). The young shoots and stems may also be eaten, like broccoli or asparagus. The seeds too may be roasted and ground into a meal or flour, then made into porridge or fried cakes.The pollen may be added to flour as a protein supplement or eaten mixed with honey for energy. 

The Algonquin applied a poultice of crushed root to wounds and infections. The Cheyenne took an infusion of the dried, pulverized root and leaf base for abdominal cramps. The Dakota used the soft down of the plant on infants to prevent chafing, and as a dressing for burns and scalds. The Delaware used the roots for kidney stones. The Houma made a decoction of the stalks for whooping cough. The Iroquois encouraged patients with yellow fever cysts to sleep on a mattress made from the plant, used an infusion of the root as a wash for bleeding cuts, applied a decoction of smashed root as a poultice for sprains, and women chewed the root for gonorrhea. The Navajo used the whole plant as an emetic. The Ojibwa used a poultice of the inner skin of the root on boils and carbuncles. The Sioux made a poultice of the fruit spikes, down and coyote fat for smallpox pustules. The roots may be pounded into a jellylike consistency for wounds, inflammations, and sores, and soothes any minor injury. 

The Acoma Pueblo also used the ripened cattail stalks as part of a rain dance to encourage the formation of clouds, and the Navajo used the leaves to make mats that protected from lightning during storms. The down of the fruit may be used as an excellent tinder or firestarter. A Serbian legend says the plant will deter vampires.

Perhaps its phallic shape gives the cattail the connotation of lust. A cattail fruit may be carried as a charm to make sex more enjoyable. I associate the cattail with the god Priapus, the element Water, the astrological sign Capricorn, and the Moon. 

[biofunmy]

California ramps up efforts to combat invasive swamp rodents

One of the most recent threats to California’s environment has webbed feet, white whiskers, shaggy fur and orange buck teeth that could be mistaken for carrots.

“Boy, they’re an ugly-looking thing,” said David Passadori, an almond and walnut grower in central California. “And the way they multiply — jeez.”

The swamp rodents, called nutria, are setting off alarms in California. They weigh about 20 pounds (9 kilograms) each and eat the equivalent of about a fourth of their weight each day by burrowing into riverbanks and chomping into plants that emerge from the water.

The animals can destroy the wetland habitats of rare and endangered species, degrading soil, ruining crops and carrying pathogens that may threaten livestock.

Most of all, they pose a public safety risk: Left unchecked, nutria could jeopardize California’s water supply, especially if they get into the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta.

The delta is the “heartbeat of California’s water infrastructure,” according to Peter Tira, spokesman for the state’s Department of Fish and Wildlife. It contains a network of more than 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) of canals and levees that protect the area from flooding, provide drinking water to millions of Californians and irrigate the lush agricultural region.

Now, armed with $10 million in state funds, the wildlife agency is deploying new tactics to eradicate the nutria and try to prevent the widespread destruction they are known to cause.

“Over the past two years, our best efforts were trying to not even control the population but keep it from exploding while we pursued the resources needed to actually pursue eradication,” said Valerie Cook, environmental program manager for Fish and Wildlife’s newly established Nutria Eradication Program.

“We haven’t had nutria in California for 50 years, so nobody really knows much about them,” Tira said. “We’ve had to learn on the job as we go.”

An invasive species originally from South America and brought to the U.S. at the height of the fur trade in the late 19th century, nutria were believed to have been eradicated in the state in the 1970s until one turned up in a beaver trap in 2017. Since then, more than 700 nutria have been trapped and killed, including four on Passadori’s property.

Farmers, landowners and biologists in the Central Valley, an agricultural region 130 miles (210 kilometers) north of Sacramento, have been on high alert.

On a recent morning in Merced County, where the most nutria have been found, state biologists Greg Gerstenberg and Sean McCain paddled in kayaks in a wetland pond thick with cattails. Wearing waders, they trudged through chest-deep water to check surveillance cameras and cage traps where they leave sweet potato pieces to entice the invasive rodents.

Last year, wildlife officials removed almost 90 nutria from this pond. Gerstenberg and McCain have returned because they believe at least a few nutria are back. But on this morning they found only muskrats, smaller swamp-dwelling rodents, and release them back into the pond.

“Our goal is to get out here and find them and eradicate them before they become fully established throughout our Central Valley,” said Gerstenberg, a senior Fish and Wildlife biologist.

The Central Valley is the United States’ most productive agricultural region, responsible for more than half the nation’s fruits, vegetables and nuts, including almost all its apricots, table grapes, carrots, asparagus and tree nuts. Federal Department of Agriculture figures pegged the market value of Central Valley agricultural in 2017 at almost $29 billion.

Damage to the region’s soil or water infrastructure would be devastating to the economy and diet.

“It would mean no more sushi because the alternative would be to buy rice from Japan or Korea, where the price is five times higher,” said Daniel Sumner, director of the Agricultural Issues Center at the University of California-Davis. “Kiss off carrots, or live without table grapes in the summertime.”

Trail cameras and landowners have helped locate the elusive, nocturnal creatures over an area of almost 13,300 square miles (34,449 square kilometers) that wildlife officials are evaluating for nutria habitats. Live traps baited with sweet potato donated by farmers help capture them. Once identified as nutria, the animals are shot. Tira said about three-quarters of female nutria have been found pregnant — they can have up to three litters a year, allowing them to repopulate quickly.

The new attention and funding will allow Fish and Wildlife to hire 46 dedicated staff. By December, the agency will launch what’s known as a Judas Nutria program that would outfit surgically sterilized nutria with radio collars and send them out in the wild. Because the animals are so social, they will lead the team to other nutria.

Before year’s end, Fish and Wildlife will start genetically testing the nutria to determine where they came from. Tira said migration from Oregon or Washington is doubtful, but the team isn’t sure whether the nutria were reintroduced to California or part of a remnant population.

Taking a cue from Maryland’s eastern shore and parts of Delaware and Virginia, officials also will test dogs trained to sniff out the rodents’ scent and scat.

“We can’t be successful if we can’t find every single animal,” Cook said.

Besides threatening agriculture and infrastructure, nutria can harm wetlands, which play a critical role in keeping carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and helping mitigate global warming.

The Central Valley also hosts the largest concentration of migratory waterfowl on Earth, said Ric Ortega, the Grassland Water District’s general manager.

“We only have so much surface water storage in California,” he said. “It’s not a wetland if it’s not wet. The nutria complicate that.”

———

Samantha Maldonado reported from San Francisco.

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The Difference Between Being Smart, Educated, and Intelligent

I’ve always been intrigued by the subject of intelligence. As a child my mother would refer to me as “smart,” but I quickly noticed that all parents refer to their children as smart. In time I would discover that all children are not smart, just as all babies are not cute. If that were the case, we’d have a world full of beautiful, smart people – which we don’t.

Some of us are smart; but not as smart as we think, and others are smarter than they seem, which makes me wonder, how do we define smart? What makes one person smarter than another? When do “street smarts” matter more than “book smarts”? Can you be both smart and stupid? Is being smart more of a direct influence of genetics, or one’s environment?

Then there are the issues of education, intelligence and wisdom.

What does it mean to be highly educated? What’s the difference between being highly educated and highly intelligent? Does being highly educated automatically make you highly intelligent? Can one be highly intelligent without being highly educated? Do IQs really mean anything? What makes a person wise? Why is wisdom typically associated with old age?

My desire to seek answers to these questions inspired many hours of intense research which included the reading of 6 books, hundreds of research documents, and countless hours on the Internet; which pales in comparison to the lifetime of studies and research that pioneers in the fields of intelligence and education like Howard Gardner, Richard Sternberg, Linda S. Gottfredson, Thomas Sowell, Alfie Kohn, and Diane F. Halpern whose work is cited in this article.

My goal was simple: Amass, synthesize, and present data on what it means to be smart, educated and intelligent so that it can be understood and used by anyone for their benefit.

PRENATAL CARE

With this in mind, there was not a better (or more appropriate) place to start than at the very beginning of our existence: as a fetus in the womb.

There is mounting evidence that the consumption of food that’s high in iron both before and during pregnancy is critical to building the prenatal brain. Researchers have found a strong association between low iron levels during pregnancy and diminished IQ. Foods rich in iron include lima beans, kidney beans, pinto beans, spinach, asparagus, broccoli, seafoods, nuts, dried fruits, oatmeal, and fortified cereals.

Children with low iron status in utero (in the uterus) scored lower on every test and had significantly lower language ability, fine-motor skills, and tractability than children with higher prenatal iron levels. In essence, proper prenatal care is critical to the development of cognitive skills.

COGNITIVE SKILLS

Cognitive skills are the basic mental abilities we use to think, study, and learn. They include a wide variety of mental processes used to analyze sounds and images, recall information from memory, make associations between different pieces of information, and maintain concentration on particular tasks. They can be individually identified and measured. Cognitive skill strength and efficiency correlates directly with students’ ease of learning.

DRINKING, PREGNANCY, AND ITS INTELLECTUAL IMPACT

Drinking while pregnant is not smart. In fact, it’s downright stupid.

A study in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research has found that even light to moderate drinking – especially during the second trimester – is associated with lower IQs in offspring at 10 years of age. This result was especially pronounced among African-American rather than Caucasian offspring.

“IQ is a measure of the child’s ability to learn and to survive in his or her environment. It predicts the potential for success in school and in everyday life. Although a small but significant percentage of children are diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) each year, many more children are exposed to alcohol during pregnancy who do not meet criteria for FAS yet experience deficits in growth and cognitive function,” said Jennifer A. Willford, assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

Paul D. Connor, clinical director of the Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit and assistant professor in the department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Washington has this to say about the subject:

“There are a number of domains of cognitive functioning that can be impaired even in the face of a relatively normal IQ, including academic achievement (especially arithmetic), adaptive functioning, and executive functions (the ability to problem solve and learn from experiences). Deficits in intellectual, achievement, adaptive, and executive functioning could make it difficult to appropriately manage finances, function independently without assistance, and understand the consequences of – or react appropriately to – mistakes.”

This is a key finding which speaks directly to the (psychological) definition of intelligence which is addressed later in this article.

ULTRA SOUNDS

Studies have shown that the frequent exposure of the human fetus to ultrasound waves is associated with a decrease in newborn body weight, an increase in the frequency of left-handedness, and delayed speech.

Because ultrasound energy is a high-frequency mechanical vibration, researchers hypothesized that it might influence the migration of neurons in a developing fetus. Neurons in mammals multiply early in fetal development and then migrate to their final destinations. Any interference or disruption in the process could result in abnormal brain function.

Commercial companies (which do ultrasounds for “keepsake” purposes) are now creating more powerful ultrasound machines capable of providing popular 3D and 4D images. The procedure, however, lasts longer as they try to make 30-minute videos of the fetus in the uterus.

The main stream magazine New Scientist reported the following: Ultrasound scans can stop cells from dividing and make them commit suicide. Routine scans, which have let doctors peek at fetuses and internal organs for the past 40 years, affect the normal cell cycle.

On the FDA website this information is posted about ultrasounds:

While ultrasound has been around for many years, expectant women and their families need to know that the long-term effects of repeated ultrasound exposures on the fetus are not fully known. In light of all that remains unknown, having a prenatal ultrasound for non-medical reasons is not a good idea.

NATURE VERSUS NURTURE…THE DEBATE CONTINUES

Now that you are aware of some of the known factors which determine, improve, and impact the intellectual development of a fetus, it’s time for conception. Once that baby is born, which will be more crucial in the development of its intellect: nature (genetics) or nurture (the environment)?

Apparently for centuries, scientists and psychologists have gone back and forth on this. I read many comprehensive studies and reports on this subject during the research phase of this article, and I believe that it’s time to put this debate to rest. Both nature and nurture are equally as important and must be fully observed in the intellectual development of all children. This shouldn’t be an either/or proposition.

A recent study shows that early intervention in the home and in the classroom can make a big difference for a child born into extreme poverty, according to Eric Turkheimer, a psychologist at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The study concludes that while genetic makeup explains most of the differences in IQ for children in wealthier families, environment – and not genes – makes a bigger difference for minority children in low-income homes.

Specifically, what researchers call “heritability”- the degree to which genes influence IQ – was significantly lower for poor families. “Once you’re put into an adequate environment, your genes start to take over,” Mr. Turkheimer said, “but in poor environments genes don’t have that ability.”

But there are reports that contradict these findings…sort of.

Linda S. Gottfredson, a professor of educational studies at the University of Delaware, wrote in her article, The General Intelligence Factor that environments shared by siblings have little to do with IQ. Many people still mistakenly believe that social, psychological and economic differences among families create lasting and marked differences in IQ.

She found that behavioral geneticists refer to such environmental effects as “shared” because they are common to siblings who grow up together. Her reports states that the heritability of IQ rises with age; that is to say, the extent to which genetics accounts for differences in IQ among individuals increases as people get older.

In her article she also refers to studies comparing identical and fraternal twins, published in the past decade by a group led by Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr., of the University of Minnesota and other scholars, show that about 40 percent of IQ differences among preschoolers stems from genetic differences, but that heritability rises to 60 percent by adolescence and to 80 percent by late adulthood.

And this is perhaps the most interesting bit of information, and relevant to this section of my article:

With age, differences among individuals in their developed intelligence come to mirror more closely their genetic differences. It appears that the effects of environment on intelligence fade rather than grow with time.

Bouchard concludes that young children have the circumstances of their lives imposed on them by parents, schools and other agents of society, but as people get older they become more independent and tend to seek out the life niches that are most congenial to their genetic proclivities.

BREAST-FEEDING INCREASES INTELLIGENCE

Researchers from Christchurch School of Medicine in New Zealand studied over 1,000 children born between April and August 1977. During the period from birth to one year, they gathered information on how these children were fed.

The infants were then followed to age 18. Over the years, the researchers collected a range of cognitive and academic information on the children, including IQ, teacher ratings of school performance in reading and math, and results of standardized tests of reading comprehension, mathematics, and scholastic ability. The researchers also looked at the number of passing grades achieved in national School Certificate examinations taken at the end of the third year of high school.

The results indicated that the longer children had been breast-fed, the higher they scored on such tests.

TALKING TO YOUR CHILDREN MAKES A DIFFERENCE

Thomas Sowell, author of Race, IQ, Black Crime, and facts Liberals Ignore uncovered some fascinating information that every parent should take note of. He writes:

There is a strong case that black Americans suffer from a series of disadvantageous environments. Studies show time and again that before they go to school, black children are on average exposed to a smaller vocabulary than white children, in part due to socioeconomic factors.

While children from professional households typically exposed to a total of 2,150 different words each day, children from working class households are exposed to 1,250, and children from households on welfare a mere 620.

Yes, smart sounding children tend to come from educated, professional, two-parent environments where they pick-up valuable language skills and vocabulary from its smart sounding inhabitants.

Mr. Sowell continues: Black children are obviously not to blame for their poor socioeconomic status, but something beyond economic status is at work in black homes. Black people have not signed up for the “great mission” of the white middle class – the constant quest to stimulate intellectual growth and get their child into Harvard or Oxbridge.

Elsie Moore of Arizona State University, Phoenix, studied black children adopted by either black or white parents, all of whom were middle-class professionals. By the age of 7.5 years, those in black homes were 13 IQ points behind those being raised in the white homes.

ACCUMULATED ADVANTAGES

At this juncture in my research it dawned on me, and should be fairly obvious to you, that many children are predisposed to being smart, educated, and intelligent, simply by their exposure to the influential factors which determine them long before they start school.

An informed mother, proper prenatal care, educated, communicative parents, and a nurturing environment in which to live, all add up to accumulated advantages that formulate intellectual abilities. As you can see, some children have unfair advantages from the very beginning.

Malcolm Gladwell, author of top-selling book Outliers, wrote that “accumulated advantages” are made possible by arbitrary rules…and such unfair advantages are everywhere. “It is those who are successful who are most likely to be given the kinds of social opportunities that lead to further success,” he writes. “It’s the rich who get the biggest tax breaks. It’s the best students who get the best teaching and most attention.”

With that in mind, we turn our attention to education and intelligence.

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE WELL EDUCATED?

Alfie Kohn, author of the book What Does It Mean To Be Well Educated? poses the question, does the phrase well educated refer to a quality of schooling you received, or something about you? Does it denote what you were taught? Or what you remember?

I contend that to be well educated is all in the application; the application and use of information. Information has to be used in order to become knowledge, and as we all have heard, knowledge is power.

Most people are aware of the floundering state of education in this country on some level. We tell our children that nothing is more important than getting a “good” education, and every year, due to government budget shortfalls, teachers are laid off, classes are condensed, schools are closed, and many educational programs – especially those which help the underprivileged – are cut.

The reality is, we don’t really value education. We value it as a business, an industry, political ammunition, and as an accepted form of discrimination, but not for what it was intended: a means of enriching one’s character and life through learning.

What we value as a society, are athletes and the entertainment they offer. The fact that a professional athlete makes more money in one season, than most teachers in any region will make in their careers, is abominable. There’s always money to build new sports stadiums, but not enough to give teachers a decent (and well-deserved) raise.

Ironically, the best teachers don’t go into the profession for money. They teach because it’s a calling. Most of them were influenced by a really good teacher as a student. With the mass exodus of teachers, many students are not able to cultivate the mentoring relationships that they once were able to because so many are leaving the profession – voluntarily and involuntarily – within an average of three years.

At the high school level, where I got my start, the emphasis is not on how to educate the students to prepare them for life, or even college (all high schools should be college-prep schools, right?), it was about preparing them to excel on their standardized tests. Then the controversial “exit” exams were implemented and literally, many high schools were transformed into testing centers. Learning has almost become secondary.

This mentality carries over into college, which of course there’s a test one must take in order to enroll (the SAT or ACT). This explains why so many college students are more concerned with completing a course, than learning from it. They are focused on getting “A’s” and degrees, instead of becoming degreed thinkers. The latter of which are in greater demand by employers and comprise the bulk of the self-employed. The “get-the-good-grade” mindset is directly attributable to the relentless and often unnecessary testing that our students are subjected to in schools.

Alfie Kohn advocates the “exhibition” of learning, in which students reveal their understanding by means of in-depth projects, portfolios of assignments, and other demonstrations.

He cites a model pioneered by Ted Sizer and Deborah Meier. Meier has emphasized the importance of students having five “habits of mind,” which are: the value of raising questions about evidence (“How do we know what we know?”), point of view, (“Whose perspective does this represent?”), connections (“How is this related to that?”), supposition (“How might things have been otherwise?”), and relevance (“Why is this important?”).

Kohn writes: It’s only the ability to raise and answer those questions that matters, though, but also the disposition to do so. For that matter, any set of intellectual objectives, any description of what it means to think deeply and critically, should be accompanied by a reference to one’s interest or intrinsic motivation to do such thinking…to be well-educated then, is to have the desire as well as the means to make sure that learning never ends…

HISTORY AND PURPOSE OF IQ

We’ve always wanted to measure intelligence. Ironically, when you look at some the first methods used to evaluate it in the 1800s, they were not, well, very intelligent. Tactics such as subjecting people to various forms of torture to see what their threshold for pain was (the longer you could withstand wincing, the more intelligent you were believed to be), or testing your ability to detect a high pitch sound that others could not hear.

Things have changed…or have they?

No discussion of intelligence or IQ can be complete without mention of Alfred Binet, a French psychologist who was responsible for laying the groundwork for IQ testing in 1904. His original intention was to devise a test that would diagnose learning disabilities of students in France. The test results were then used to prepare special programs to help students overcome their educational difficulties.

It was never intended to be used as an absolute measure of one’s intellectual capabilities.

According to Binet, intelligence could not be described as a single score. He said that the use of the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) as a definite statement of a child’s intellectual capability would be a serious mistake. In addition, Binet feared that IQ measurement would be used to condemn a child to a permanent “condition” of stupidity, thereby negatively affecting his or her education and livelihood.

The original interest was in the assessment of ‘mental age’ — the average level of intelligence for a person of a given age. His creation, the Binet-Simon test (originally called a “scale”), formed the archetype for future tests of intelligence.

H. H. Goddard, director of research at Vineland Training School in New Jersey, translated Binet’s work into English and advocated a more general application of the Simon-Binet test. Unlike Binet, Goddard considered intelligence a solitary, fixed and inborn entity that could be measured. With help of Lewis Terman of Stanford University, his final product, published in 1916 as the Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Scale of Intelligence (also known as the Stanford-Binet), became the standard intelligence test in the United States.

It’s important to note that the fallacy about IQ is that it is fixed and can not be changed. The fact is that IQ scores are known to fluctuate – both up and down during the course of one’s lifetime. It does not mean that you become more, or less intelligent, it merely means that you tested better on one day than another.

One more thing to know about IQ tests: They have been used for racist purposes since their importation into the U.S. Many of those who were involved in the importation and refinement of these tests believed that IQ was hereditary and are responsible for feeding the fallacy that it is a “fixed” trait.

Many immigrants were tested in the 1920s and failed these IQ tests miserably. As a result, many of them were denied entry into the U.S., or were forced to undergo sterilization for fear of populating America with “dumb” and “inferior” babies. If you recall, the tests were designed for white, middle class Americans. Who do you think would have the most difficulty passing them?

Lewis Terman developed the original notion of IQ and proposed this scale for classifying IQ scores:

000 – 070: Definite feeble-mindedness 070 – 079: Borderline deficiency 080 – 089: Dullness 090 – 109: Normal or average intelligence 110 – 119: Superior intelligence 115 – 124: Above average (e.g., university students) 125 – 134: Gifted (e.g., post-graduate students) 135 – 144: Highly gifted (e.g., intellectuals) 145 – 154: Genius (e.g., professors) 155 – 164: Genius (e.g., Nobel Prize winners) 165 – 179: High genius 180 – 200: Highest genius 200 – higher ?: Immeasurable genius

*Genius IQ is generally considered to begin around 140 to 145, representing only 25% of the population (1 in 400). *Einstein was considered to “only” have an IQ of about 160.

DEFINING INTELLIGENCE

Diane F. Halpern, a psychologist and past-president of the American Psychological Association (APA), wrote in her essay contribution to Why Smart People Can Be So Stupid that in general, we recognize people as intelligent if they have some combination of these achievements (1) good grades in school; (2) a high level of education; (3) a responsible, complex job; (4) some other recognition of being intelligent, such as winning prestigious awards or earning a large salary; (5) the ability to read complex text with good comprehension; (6) solve difficult and novel problems.

Throughout my research and in the early phases of this article, I came across many definitions of the word intelligence. Some were long, some were short. Some I couldn’t even understand. The definition that is most prevalent is the one created by the APA which is: the ability to adapt to one’s environment, and learn from one’s mistakes.

How about that? There’s the word environment again. We just can’t seem to escape it. This adds deeper meaning to the saying, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” It means recognizing what’s going on in your environment, and having the intelligence adapt to it – and the people who occupy it – in order to survive and succeed within it.

There are also many different forms of intelligence. Most notably those created by Dr. Howard Gardner, professor of education at Harvard University.

Dr. Gardner believes (and I agree) that our schools and culture focus most of their attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence. We esteem the highly articulate or logical people of our culture. However, Dr. Gardner says that we should also place equal attention on individuals who show gifts in the other intelligences: the artists, architects, musicians, naturalists, designers, dancers, therapists, entrepreneurs, and others who enrich the world in which we live.

He felt that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on IQ testing, was far too limited and created the Theories Of Multiple Intelligences in 1983 to account for a broader range of human potential in children and adults.

These intelligences are:

Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”) Logical-mathematical intelligence (“number/reasoning smart”) Spatial intelligence (“picture smart”) Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (“body smart”) Musical intelligence (“music smart”) Interpersonal intelligence (“people smart”) Intrapersonal intelligence (“self smart”) Naturalist intelligence (“nature smart”)

Not associated with Dr. Gardner, but equally respected are:

FLUID & CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

According to About.com, Psychologist Raymond Cattell first proposed the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence and further developed the theory with John Horn. The Cattell-Horn theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence suggests that intelligence is composed of a number of different abilities that interact and work together to produce overall individual intelligence.

Cattell defined fluid intelligence as “…the ability to perceive relationships independent of previous specific practice or instruction concerning those relationships.” Fluid intelligence is the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems. This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education. Examples of the use of fluid intelligence include solving puzzles and coming up with problem solving strategies.

Crystallized intelligence is learning from past experiences and learning. Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams. This type of intelligence is based upon facts and rooted in experiences. This type of intelligence becomes stronger as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding.

Both types of intelligence increase throughout childhood and adolescence. Fluid intelligence peaks in adolescence and begins to decline progressively beginning around age 30 or 40. Crystallized intelligence continues to grow throughout adulthood.

SUCCESSFUL INTELLIGENCE

Then there’s Successful Intelligence, which is authored by intelligence psychologist and Yale professor, Robert J. Sternberg, who believes that the whole concept of relating IQ to life achievement is misguided, because he believes that IQ is a pretty miserable predictor of life achievement.

His Successful Intelligence theory focuses on 3 types of intelligence which are combined to contribute to one’s overall success: Analytical Intelligence; mental steps or components used to solve problems; Creative Intelligence: the use of experience in ways that foster insight (creativity/divergent thinking); and Practical Intelligence: the ability to read and adapt to the contexts of everyday life.

With regard to environment, Mr. Sternberg writes in his book Successful Intelligence: Successfully intelligent people realize that the environment in which they find themselves may or may not be able to make the most of their talents. They actively seek an environment where they can not only do successful work, but make a difference. They create opportunities rather than let opportunities be limited by circumstances in which they happen to find themselves.

As an educator, I subscribe to Mr. Sternberg’s Successful Intelligence approach to teaching. It has proven to be a highly effective tool and mindset for my college students. Using Successful Intelligence as the backbone of my context-driven curriculum really inspires students to see how education makes their life goals more attainable, and motivates them to further develop their expertise. Mr. Sternberg believes that the major factor in achieving expertise is purposeful engagement.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

In his best-selling 1995 book, Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman reported that research shows that conventional measures of intelligence – IQ – only account for 20% of a person’s success in life. For example, research on IQ and education shows that high IQ predicts 10 to 25% of grades in college. The percentage will vary depending on how we define success. Nonetheless, Goleman’s assertion begs the question: What accounts for the other 80%?

You guessed it…Emotional Intelligence. What exactly is emotional intelligence? Emotional intelligence (also called EQ or EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. Many corporations now have mandatory EQ training for their managers in an effort to improve employee relations and increase productivity.

TACIT KNOWLEDGE aka “STREET SMARTS”

You’ve heard the phrase, “Experience is the greatest teacher…”

In psychology circles knowledge gained from everyday experience is called tacit knowledge. The colloquial term is “street smarts,” which implies that formal, classroom instruction (aka “book smarts”) has nothing to do with it. The individual is not directly instructed as to what he or she should learn, but rather must extract the important lesson from the experience even when learning is not the primary objective.

Tacit knowledge is closely related to common sense, which is sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts. As you know, common sense is not all that common.

Tacit knowledge, or the lessons obtained from it, seems to “stick” both faster and better when the lessons have direct relevance to the individual’s goals. Knowledge that is based on one’s own practical experience will likely be more instrumental to achieving one’s goals than will be knowledge that is based on someone else’s experience, or that is overly generic and abstract.

BEING BOTH SMART AND STUPID

Yes, it’s possible to be both smart and stupid. I’m sure someone you know comes to mind at this precise moment. But the goal here is not to ridicule, but to understand how some seemingly highly intelligent, or highly educated individuals can be so smart in one way, and incredibly stupid in others.

The woman who is a respected, well paid, dynamic executive who consistently chooses men who don’t appear to be worthy of her, or the man who appears to be a pillar of the community, with a loving wife and happy kids, ends up being arrested on rape charges.

It happens, but why? I found the answer in Why Smart People Can Be So Stupid. Essentially, intellect is domain specific. In other words, being smart (knowledgeable) in one area of your life, and stupid (ignorant) in another is natural. Turning off one’s brain is quite common especially when it comes to what we desire. A shared characteristic among those who are smart and stupid, is the difficulty in delaying gratification.

Olem Ayduk & Walter Mischel who wrote the chapter summarized: Sometimes stupid behavior in smart people may arise from faulty expectations, erroneous beliefs, or merely a lack of motivation to enact control strategies even when one has them. But sometimes it is an inability to regulate one’s affective states and the behavioral tendencies associated with them that leads to stupid and self-defeating behavior.

The central character in this book who many of these lessons regarding being smart and stupid revolve around is Bill Clinton and his affair with Monica Lewinksky.

WISDOM & CONCLUSION

My great grandmother, Leola Cecil, maybe had an 8th grade education at the most. By no stretch of the imagination was she highly educated, but she had what seemed like infinite wisdom. She was very observant and could “read” people with startling accuracy. Till the very end of her life she shared her “crystallized intelligence” with whomever was receptive to it.

She died at the age of 94. I often use many of her sayings as a public speaker, but most importantly, I use her philosophies to make sure that I’m being guided spiritually and not just intellectually. Many of us who are lucky enough to have a great grandparent can testify that there is something special about their knowledge. They seem to have life figured out, and a knack for helping those of us who are smart, educated and intelligent see things more clearly when we are too busy thinking.

What they have is what we should all aspire to end up with if we are lucky: wisdom.

Wisdom is the ability to look through a person, when others can only look at them. Wisdom slows down the thinking process and makes it more organic; synchronizing it with intuition. Wisdom helps you make better judgments regarding decisions, and makes you less judgmental. Wisdom is understanding without knowing, and accepting without understanding. Wisdom is recognizing what’s important to other people, and knowing that other people are of the utmost importance to you. Wisdom is both a starting point, and a final conclusion.

Source by Gian Fiero

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The Difference Between Being Smart, Educated, and Intelligent

I’ve always been intrigued by the subject of intelligence. As a child my mother would refer to me as “smart,” but I quickly noticed that all parents refer to their children as smart. In time I would discover that all children are not smart, just as all babies are not cute. If that were the case, we’d have a world full of beautiful, smart people – which we don’t.

Some of us are smart; but not as smart as we think, and others are smarter than they seem, which makes me wonder, how do we define smart? What makes one person smarter than another? When do “street smarts” matter more than “book smarts”? Can you be both smart and stupid? Is being smart more of a direct influence of genetics, or one’s environment?

Then there are the issues of education, intelligence and wisdom.

What does it mean to be highly educated? What’s the difference between being highly educated and highly intelligent? Does being highly educated automatically make you highly intelligent? Can one be highly intelligent without being highly educated? Do IQs really mean anything? What makes a person wise? Why is wisdom typically associated with old age?

My desire to seek answers to these questions inspired many hours of intense research which included the reading of 6 books, hundreds of research documents, and countless hours on the Internet; which pales in comparison to the lifetime of studies and research that pioneers in the fields of intelligence and education like Howard Gardner, Richard Sternberg, Linda S. Gottfredson, Thomas Sowell, Alfie Kohn, and Diane F. Halpern whose work is cited in this article.

My goal was simple: Amass, synthesize, and present data on what it means to be smart, educated and intelligent so that it can be understood and used by anyone for their benefit.

PRENATAL CARE

With this in mind, there was not a better (or more appropriate) place to start than at the very beginning of our existence: as a fetus in the womb.

There is mounting evidence that the consumption of food that’s high in iron both before and during pregnancy is critical to building the prenatal brain. Researchers have found a strong association between low iron levels during pregnancy and diminished IQ. Foods rich in iron include lima beans, kidney beans, pinto beans, spinach, asparagus, broccoli, seafoods, nuts, dried fruits, oatmeal, and fortified cereals.

Children with low iron status in utero (in the uterus) scored lower on every test and had significantly lower language ability, fine-motor skills, and tractability than children with higher prenatal iron levels. In essence, proper prenatal care is critical to the development of cognitive skills.

COGNITIVE SKILLS

Cognitive skills are the basic mental abilities we use to think, study, and learn. They include a wide variety of mental processes used to analyze sounds and images, recall information from memory, make associations between different pieces of information, and maintain concentration on particular tasks. They can be individually identified and measured. Cognitive skill strength and efficiency correlates directly with students’ ease of learning.

DRINKING, PREGNANCY, AND ITS INTELLECTUAL IMPACT

Drinking while pregnant is not smart. In fact, it’s downright stupid.

A study in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research has found that even light to moderate drinking – especially during the second trimester – is associated with lower IQs in offspring at 10 years of age. This result was especially pronounced among African-American rather than Caucasian offspring.

“IQ is a measure of the child’s ability to learn and to survive in his or her environment. It predicts the potential for success in school and in everyday life. Although a small but significant percentage of children are diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) each year, many more children are exposed to alcohol during pregnancy who do not meet criteria for FAS yet experience deficits in growth and cognitive function,” said Jennifer A. Willford, assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

Paul D. Connor, clinical director of the Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit and assistant professor in the department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Washington has this to say about the subject:

“There are a number of domains of cognitive functioning that can be impaired even in the face of a relatively normal IQ, including academic achievement (especially arithmetic), adaptive functioning, and executive functions (the ability to problem solve and learn from experiences). Deficits in intellectual, achievement, adaptive, and executive functioning could make it difficult to appropriately manage finances, function independently without assistance, and understand the consequences of – or react appropriately to – mistakes.”

This is a key finding which speaks directly to the (psychological) definition of intelligence which is addressed later in this article.

ULTRA SOUNDS

Studies have shown that the frequent exposure of the human fetus to ultrasound waves is associated with a decrease in newborn body weight, an increase in the frequency of left-handedness, and delayed speech.

Because ultrasound energy is a high-frequency mechanical vibration, researchers hypothesized that it might influence the migration of neurons in a developing fetus. Neurons in mammals multiply early in fetal development and then migrate to their final destinations. Any interference or disruption in the process could result in abnormal brain function.

Commercial companies (which do ultrasounds for “keepsake” purposes) are now creating more powerful ultrasound machines capable of providing popular 3D and 4D images. The procedure, however, lasts longer as they try to make 30-minute videos of the fetus in the uterus.

The main stream magazine New Scientist reported the following: Ultrasound scans can stop cells from dividing and make them commit suicide. Routine scans, which have let doctors peek at fetuses and internal organs for the past 40 years, affect the normal cell cycle.

On the FDA website this information is posted about ultrasounds:

While ultrasound has been around for many years, expectant women and their families need to know that the long-term effects of repeated ultrasound exposures on the fetus are not fully known. In light of all that remains unknown, having a prenatal ultrasound for non-medical reasons is not a good idea.

NATURE VERSUS NURTURE…THE DEBATE CONTINUES

Now that you are aware of some of the known factors which determine, improve, and impact the intellectual development of a fetus, it’s time for conception. Once that baby is born, which will be more crucial in the development of its intellect: nature (genetics) or nurture (the environment)?

Apparently for centuries, scientists and psychologists have gone back and forth on this. I read many comprehensive studies and reports on this subject during the research phase of this article, and I believe that it’s time to put this debate to rest. Both nature and nurture are equally as important and must be fully observed in the intellectual development of all children. This shouldn’t be an either/or proposition.

A recent study shows that early intervention in the home and in the classroom can make a big difference for a child born into extreme poverty, according to Eric Turkheimer, a psychologist at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The study concludes that while genetic makeup explains most of the differences in IQ for children in wealthier families, environment – and not genes – makes a bigger difference for minority children in low-income homes.

Specifically, what researchers call “heritability”- the degree to which genes influence IQ – was significantly lower for poor families. “Once you’re put into an adequate environment, your genes start to take over,” Mr. Turkheimer said, “but in poor environments genes don’t have that ability.”

But there are reports that contradict these findings…sort of.

Linda S. Gottfredson, a professor of educational studies at the University of Delaware, wrote in her article, The General Intelligence Factor that environments shared by siblings have little to do with IQ. Many people still mistakenly believe that social, psychological and economic differences among families create lasting and marked differences in IQ.

She found that behavioral geneticists refer to such environmental effects as “shared” because they are common to siblings who grow up together. Her reports states that the heritability of IQ rises with age; that is to say, the extent to which genetics accounts for differences in IQ among individuals increases as people get older.

In her article she also refers to studies comparing identical and fraternal twins, published in the past decade by a group led by Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr., of the University of Minnesota and other scholars, show that about 40 percent of IQ differences among preschoolers stems from genetic differences, but that heritability rises to 60 percent by adolescence and to 80 percent by late adulthood.

And this is perhaps the most interesting bit of information, and relevant to this section of my article:

With age, differences among individuals in their developed intelligence come to mirror more closely their genetic differences. It appears that the effects of environment on intelligence fade rather than grow with time.

Bouchard concludes that young children have the circumstances of their lives imposed on them by parents, schools and other agents of society, but as people get older they become more independent and tend to seek out the life niches that are most congenial to their genetic proclivities.

BREAST-FEEDING INCREASES INTELLIGENCE

Researchers from Christchurch School of Medicine in New Zealand studied over 1,000 children born between April and August 1977. During the period from birth to one year, they gathered information on how these children were fed.

The infants were then followed to age 18. Over the years, the researchers collected a range of cognitive and academic information on the children, including IQ, teacher ratings of school performance in reading and math, and results of standardized tests of reading comprehension, mathematics, and scholastic ability. The researchers also looked at the number of passing grades achieved in national School Certificate examinations taken at the end of the third year of high school.

The results indicated that the longer children had been breast-fed, the higher they scored on such tests.

TALKING TO YOUR CHILDREN MAKES A DIFFERENCE

Thomas Sowell, author of Race, IQ, Black Crime, and facts Liberals Ignore uncovered some fascinating information that every parent should take note of. He writes:

There is a strong case that black Americans suffer from a series of disadvantageous environments. Studies show time and again that before they go to school, black children are on average exposed to a smaller vocabulary than white children, in part due to socioeconomic factors.

While children from professional households typically exposed to a total of 2,150 different words each day, children from working class households are exposed to 1,250, and children from households on welfare a mere 620.

Yes, smart sounding children tend to come from educated, professional, two-parent environments where they pick-up valuable language skills and vocabulary from its smart sounding inhabitants.

Mr. Sowell continues: Black children are obviously not to blame for their poor socioeconomic status, but something beyond economic status is at work in black homes. Black people have not signed up for the “great mission” of the white middle class – the constant quest to stimulate intellectual growth and get their child into Harvard or Oxbridge.

Elsie Moore of Arizona State University, Phoenix, studied black children adopted by either black or white parents, all of whom were middle-class professionals. By the age of 7.5 years, those in black homes were 13 IQ points behind those being raised in the white homes.

ACCUMULATED ADVANTAGES

At this juncture in my research it dawned on me, and should be fairly obvious to you, that many children are predisposed to being smart, educated, and intelligent, simply by their exposure to the influential factors which determine them long before they start school.

An informed mother, proper prenatal care, educated, communicative parents, and a nurturing environment in which to live, all add up to accumulated advantages that formulate intellectual abilities. As you can see, some children have unfair advantages from the very beginning.

Malcolm Gladwell, author of top-selling book Outliers, wrote that “accumulated advantages” are made possible by arbitrary rules…and such unfair advantages are everywhere. “It is those who are successful who are most likely to be given the kinds of social opportunities that lead to further success,” he writes. “It’s the rich who get the biggest tax breaks. It’s the best students who get the best teaching and most attention.”

With that in mind, we turn our attention to education and intelligence.

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE WELL EDUCATED?

Alfie Kohn, author of the book What Does It Mean To Be Well Educated? poses the question, does the phrase well educated refer to a quality of schooling you received, or something about you? Does it denote what you were taught? Or what you remember?

I contend that to be well educated is all in the application; the application and use of information. Information has to be used in order to become knowledge, and as we all have heard, knowledge is power.

Most people are aware of the floundering state of education in this country on some level. We tell our children that nothing is more important than getting a “good” education, and every year, due to government budget shortfalls, teachers are laid off, classes are condensed, schools are closed, and many educational programs – especially those which help the underprivileged – are cut.

The reality is, we don’t really value education. We value it as a business, an industry, political ammunition, and as an accepted form of discrimination, but not for what it was intended: a means of enriching one’s character and life through learning.

What we value as a society, are athletes and the entertainment they offer. The fact that a professional athlete makes more money in one season, than most teachers in any region will make in their careers, is abominable. There’s always money to build new sports stadiums, but not enough to give teachers a decent (and well-deserved) raise.

Ironically, the best teachers don’t go into the profession for money. They teach because it’s a calling. Most of them were influenced by a really good teacher as a student. With the mass exodus of teachers, many students are not able to cultivate the mentoring relationships that they once were able to because so many are leaving the profession – voluntarily and involuntarily – within an average of three years.

At the high school level, where I got my start, the emphasis is not on how to educate the students to prepare them for life, or even college (all high schools should be college-prep schools, right?), it was about preparing them to excel on their standardized tests. Then the controversial “exit” exams were implemented and literally, many high schools were transformed into testing centers. Learning has almost become secondary.

This mentality carries over into college, which of course there’s a test one must take in order to enroll (the SAT or ACT). This explains why so many college students are more concerned with completing a course, than learning from it. They are focused on getting “A’s” and degrees, instead of becoming degreed thinkers. The latter of which are in greater demand by employers and comprise the bulk of the self-employed. The “get-the-good-grade” mindset is directly attributable to the relentless and often unnecessary testing that our students are subjected to in schools.

Alfie Kohn advocates the “exhibition” of learning, in which students reveal their understanding by means of in-depth projects, portfolios of assignments, and other demonstrations.

He cites a model pioneered by Ted Sizer and Deborah Meier. Meier has emphasized the importance of students having five “habits of mind,” which are: the value of raising questions about evidence (“How do we know what we know?”), point of view, (“Whose perspective does this represent?”), connections (“How is this related to that?”), supposition (“How might things have been otherwise?”), and relevance (“Why is this important?”).

Kohn writes: It’s only the ability to raise and answer those questions that matters, though, but also the disposition to do so. For that matter, any set of intellectual objectives, any description of what it means to think deeply and critically, should be accompanied by a reference to one’s interest or intrinsic motivation to do such thinking…to be well-educated then, is to have the desire as well as the means to make sure that learning never ends…

HISTORY AND PURPOSE OF IQ

We’ve always wanted to measure intelligence. Ironically, when you look at some the first methods used to evaluate it in the 1800s, they were not, well, very intelligent. Tactics such as subjecting people to various forms of torture to see what their threshold for pain was (the longer you could withstand wincing, the more intelligent you were believed to be), or testing your ability to detect a high pitch sound that others could not hear.

Things have changed…or have they?

No discussion of intelligence or IQ can be complete without mention of Alfred Binet, a French psychologist who was responsible for laying the groundwork for IQ testing in 1904. His original intention was to devise a test that would diagnose learning disabilities of students in France. The test results were then used to prepare special programs to help students overcome their educational difficulties.

It was never intended to be used as an absolute measure of one’s intellectual capabilities.

According to Binet, intelligence could not be described as a single score. He said that the use of the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) as a definite statement of a child’s intellectual capability would be a serious mistake. In addition, Binet feared that IQ measurement would be used to condemn a child to a permanent “condition” of stupidity, thereby negatively affecting his or her education and livelihood.

The original interest was in the assessment of ‘mental age’ — the average level of intelligence for a person of a given age. His creation, the Binet-Simon test (originally called a “scale”), formed the archetype for future tests of intelligence.

H. H. Goddard, director of research at Vineland Training School in New Jersey, translated Binet’s work into English and advocated a more general application of the Simon-Binet test. Unlike Binet, Goddard considered intelligence a solitary, fixed and inborn entity that could be measured. With help of Lewis Terman of Stanford University, his final product, published in 1916 as the Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Scale of Intelligence (also known as the Stanford-Binet), became the standard intelligence test in the United States.

It’s important to note that the fallacy about IQ is that it is fixed and can not be changed. The fact is that IQ scores are known to fluctuate – both up and down during the course of one’s lifetime. It does not mean that you become more, or less intelligent, it merely means that you tested better on one day than another.

One more thing to know about IQ tests: They have been used for racist purposes since their importation into the U.S. Many of those who were involved in the importation and refinement of these tests believed that IQ was hereditary and are responsible for feeding the fallacy that it is a “fixed” trait.

Many immigrants were tested in the 1920s and failed these IQ tests miserably. As a result, many of them were denied entry into the U.S., or were forced to undergo sterilization for fear of populating America with “dumb” and “inferior” babies. If you recall, the tests were designed for white, middle class Americans. Who do you think would have the most difficulty passing them?

Lewis Terman developed the original notion of IQ and proposed this scale for classifying IQ scores:

000 – 070: Definite feeble-mindedness 070 – 079: Borderline deficiency 080 – 089: Dullness 090 – 109: Normal or average intelligence 110 – 119: Superior intelligence 115 – 124: Above average (e.g., university students) 125 – 134: Gifted (e.g., post-graduate students) 135 – 144: Highly gifted (e.g., intellectuals) 145 – 154: Genius (e.g., professors) 155 – 164: Genius (e.g., Nobel Prize winners) 165 – 179: High genius 180 – 200: Highest genius 200 – higher ?: Immeasurable genius

*Genius IQ is generally considered to begin around 140 to 145, representing only 25% of the population (1 in 400). *Einstein was considered to “only” have an IQ of about 160.

DEFINING INTELLIGENCE

Diane F. Halpern, a psychologist and past-president of the American Psychological Association (APA), wrote in her essay contribution to Why Smart People Can Be So Stupid that in general, we recognize people as intelligent if they have some combination of these achievements (1) good grades in school; (2) a high level of education; (3) a responsible, complex job; (4) some other recognition of being intelligent, such as winning prestigious awards or earning a large salary; (5) the ability to read complex text with good comprehension; (6) solve difficult and novel problems.

Throughout my research and in the early phases of this article, I came across many definitions of the word intelligence. Some were long, some were short. Some I couldn’t even understand. The definition that is most prevalent is the one created by the APA which is: the ability to adapt to one’s environment, and learn from one’s mistakes.

How about that? There’s the word environment again. We just can’t seem to escape it. This adds deeper meaning to the saying, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” It means recognizing what’s going on in your environment, and having the intelligence adapt to it – and the people who occupy it – in order to survive and succeed within it.

There are also many different forms of intelligence. Most notably those created by Dr. Howard Gardner, professor of education at Harvard University.

Dr. Gardner believes (and I agree) that our schools and culture focus most of their attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence. We esteem the highly articulate or logical people of our culture. However, Dr. Gardner says that we should also place equal attention on individuals who show gifts in the other intelligences: the artists, architects, musicians, naturalists, designers, dancers, therapists, entrepreneurs, and others who enrich the world in which we live.

He felt that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on IQ testing, was far too limited and created the Theories Of Multiple Intelligences in 1983 to account for a broader range of human potential in children and adults.

These intelligences are:

Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”) Logical-mathematical intelligence (“number/reasoning smart”) Spatial intelligence (“picture smart”) Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (“body smart”) Musical intelligence (“music smart”) Interpersonal intelligence (“people smart”) Intrapersonal intelligence (“self smart”) Naturalist intelligence (“nature smart”)

Not associated with Dr. Gardner, but equally respected are:

FLUID & CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

According to About.com, Psychologist Raymond Cattell first proposed the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence and further developed the theory with John Horn. The Cattell-Horn theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence suggests that intelligence is composed of a number of different abilities that interact and work together to produce overall individual intelligence.

Cattell defined fluid intelligence as “…the ability to perceive relationships independent of previous specific practice or instruction concerning those relationships.” Fluid intelligence is the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems. This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education. Examples of the use of fluid intelligence include solving puzzles and coming up with problem solving strategies.

Crystallized intelligence is learning from past experiences and learning. Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams. This type of intelligence is based upon facts and rooted in experiences. This type of intelligence becomes stronger as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding.

Both types of intelligence increase throughout childhood and adolescence. Fluid intelligence peaks in adolescence and begins to decline progressively beginning around age 30 or 40. Crystallized intelligence continues to grow throughout adulthood.

SUCCESSFUL INTELLIGENCE

Then there’s Successful Intelligence, which is authored by intelligence psychologist and Yale professor, Robert J. Sternberg, who believes that the whole concept of relating IQ to life achievement is misguided, because he believes that IQ is a pretty miserable predictor of life achievement.

His Successful Intelligence theory focuses on 3 types of intelligence which are combined to contribute to one’s overall success: Analytical Intelligence; mental steps or components used to solve problems; Creative Intelligence: the use of experience in ways that foster insight (creativity/divergent thinking); and Practical Intelligence: the ability to read and adapt to the contexts of everyday life.

With regard to environment, Mr. Sternberg writes in his book Successful Intelligence: Successfully intelligent people realize that the environment in which they find themselves may or may not be able to make the most of their talents. They actively seek an environment where they can not only do successful work, but make a difference. They create opportunities rather than let opportunities be limited by circumstances in which they happen to find themselves.

As an educator, I subscribe to Mr. Sternberg’s Successful Intelligence approach to teaching. It has proven to be a highly effective tool and mindset for my college students. Using Successful Intelligence as the backbone of my context-driven curriculum really inspires students to see how education makes their life goals more attainable, and motivates them to further develop their expertise. Mr. Sternberg believes that the major factor in achieving expertise is purposeful engagement.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

In his best-selling 1995 book, Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman reported that research shows that conventional measures of intelligence – IQ – only account for 20% of a person’s success in life. For example, research on IQ and education shows that high IQ predicts 10 to 25% of grades in college. The percentage will vary depending on how we define success. Nonetheless, Goleman’s assertion begs the question: What accounts for the other 80%?

You guessed it…Emotional Intelligence. What exactly is emotional intelligence? Emotional intelligence (also called EQ or EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. Many corporations now have mandatory EQ training for their managers in an effort to improve employee relations and increase productivity.

TACIT KNOWLEDGE aka “STREET SMARTS”

You’ve heard the phrase, “Experience is the greatest teacher…”

In psychology circles knowledge gained from everyday experience is called tacit knowledge. The colloquial term is “street smarts,” which implies that formal, classroom instruction (aka “book smarts”) has nothing to do with it. The individual is not directly instructed as to what he or she should learn, but rather must extract the important lesson from the experience even when learning is not the primary objective.

Tacit knowledge is closely related to common sense, which is sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts. As you know, common sense is not all that common.

Tacit knowledge, or the lessons obtained from it, seems to “stick” both faster and better when the lessons have direct relevance to the individual’s goals. Knowledge that is based on one’s own practical experience will likely be more instrumental to achieving one’s goals than will be knowledge that is based on someone else’s experience, or that is overly generic and abstract.

BEING BOTH SMART AND STUPID

Yes, it’s possible to be both smart and stupid. I’m sure someone you know comes to mind at this precise moment. But the goal here is not to ridicule, but to understand how some seemingly highly intelligent, or highly educated individuals can be so smart in one way, and incredibly stupid in others.

The woman who is a respected, well paid, dynamic executive who consistently chooses men who don’t appear to be worthy of her, or the man who appears to be a pillar of the community, with a loving wife and happy kids, ends up being arrested on rape charges.

It happens, but why? I found the answer in Why Smart People Can Be So Stupid. Essentially, intellect is domain specific. In other words, being smart (knowledgeable) in one area of your life, and stupid (ignorant) in another is natural. Turning off one’s brain is quite common especially when it comes to what we desire. A shared characteristic among those who are smart and stupid, is the difficulty in delaying gratification.

Olem Ayduk & Walter Mischel who wrote the chapter summarized: Sometimes stupid behavior in smart people may arise from faulty expectations, erroneous beliefs, or merely a lack of motivation to enact control strategies even when one has them. But sometimes it is an inability to regulate one’s affective states and the behavioral tendencies associated with them that leads to stupid and self-defeating behavior.

The central character in this book who many of these lessons regarding being smart and stupid revolve around is Bill Clinton and his affair with Monica Lewinksky.

WISDOM & CONCLUSION

My great grandmother, Leola Cecil, maybe had an 8th grade education at the most. By no stretch of the imagination was she highly educated, but she had what seemed like infinite wisdom. She was very observant and could “read” people with startling accuracy. Till the very end of her life she shared her “crystallized intelligence” with whomever was receptive to it.

She died at the age of 94. I often use many of her sayings as a public speaker, but most importantly, I use her philosophies to make sure that I’m being guided spiritually and not just intellectually. Many of us who are lucky enough to have a great grandparent can testify that there is something special about their knowledge. They seem to have life figured out, and a knack for helping those of us who are smart, educated and intelligent see things more clearly when we are too busy thinking.

What they have is what we should all aspire to end up with if we are lucky: wisdom.

Wisdom is the ability to look through a person, when others can only look at them. Wisdom slows down the thinking process and makes it more organic; synchronizing it with intuition. Wisdom helps you make better judgments regarding decisions, and makes you less judgmental. Wisdom is understanding without knowing, and accepting without understanding. Wisdom is recognizing what’s important to other people, and knowing that other people are of the utmost importance to you. Wisdom is both a starting point, and a final conclusion.

Source by Gian Fiero

from Home Solutions Forev https://homesolutionsforev.com/the-difference-between-being-smart-educated-and-intelligent/ via Home Solutions on WordPress

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What’s in Your Kitchen? A Week in Recalls: Chicken Burritos, Asparagus, Ground Turkey, and Protein Powder

MakeFoodSafe.com would like to help you keep your family safe from unsafe foods.  Each week we bring together a list of the current recalls.  Some recalls are issued due to undeclared allergens, which could cause serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if someone sensitive to the product consumes it. Other recalls are issued due to contamination with harmful material or other health risk.  Check back often and evaluate your fridge, pantry, and shopping list to make sure you can identify which foods to avoid, including this week’s Asparagus recall!

NuVue Foods Recalls Chicken Burritos Due to Undeclared Allergen

NuVue Foods of Hamtramck, Michigan issued a recall on November 9, 2018 for approximately 268 pounds of their ready-to-eat chicken burrito products due to misbranding that led to the undeclared allergen, egg.  Those who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to egg risk serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if product is consumed.

The recall was initiated after receiving a consumer complaint.  Investigation revealed that the firm produced “18thStreet Deli Farmers Burritos” that contain eggs were labeled as “18thStreet Deli Chicken Burrito” by mistake.

Affected product was produced on October 31, 2018 and shipped to retail locations (specifically vending machines) in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio.  The product can be identified as labeled “18thStreet Deli Chicken Burrito” and bears the USDA establishment number P-22061. See table below for specific product information.

There have been no confirmed reports of adverse reactions due to consumption of these products. Questions may be directed to Mike Weber, Food Safety Quality Regulatory Manager at 1-800-498-3354 or qa@nuvuefoods.com

Pictsweet Company Recalls Asparagus Spears Due to Health Risk

Pictsweet issued a recall on November 13, 2018 for 1,872 cases of their 8-ounce Steam’ables Asparagus Spears due to potential contamination with the health risk, Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenesis a harmful bacteria that can cause serious and sometimes fatal illness in the very young, the very old, and those with a compromised immune system. Pregnant women are at risk for miscarriages and still birth.  Normally healthy individuals often experience short-term symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, stiffness, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

The recall was initiated after the manufacturer inadvertently shipped product that was suspected of containing Listeria monocytogenesto The Pictsweet Company.  Only specific products with production codes that start with “2138XD” and a Best By AUG 1, 2020 are included in this recall.  See table below for specific product information.

Affected product was distributed to the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennesse00e, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Consumers who have purchased the recalled product may contact the Pictsweet Farms consumer affairs line at 1-800-527-0986 on Monday through Friday from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM CST or return to the place of purchase for a full refund.  Members of the Media may contact Gene Grabowski at 202-270-6560.

Jennie-O Turkey Store Sales, LLCRecalls Raw Ground Turkey Products Due to Health Risk

Jennie-O Turkey Store Sales, LLC of Baron, Wisconsin issued a recall on November 15, 2018 for approximately 147,276 pounds of raw ground turkey products due to potential contamination with the health risk Salmonella.

Salmonella may cause serious or even fatal illness. While most healthy individuals often experience fever, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, the very young, the very old, and those with a compromised immune system may suffer more serious illness.  Complications may occur if the infection moves from the gastrointestinal tract and into the bloodstream and other parts of the body resulting in arterial infections, endocarditis, and reactive arthritis.

The recall was initiated because the product may be associated with an illness outbreak of Salmonella.  The Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS), Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Arizona Department of Health Services, and public health partners are currently investigating an illness cluster involving 164 case-patients across 35 states.  Patients have reported eating different types and brands of turkey products, working with live turkeys, or living with someone who handled live turkeys.

Traceback activities continue on a sample of Jennie-O brand ground turkey from a case-patient’s home. Both the patient and a sample from the ground turkey match the outbreak strain.

Recalled product was produced on September 11, 2018 and was shipped to retail locations nationwide. The product can be identified as bearing the USDA establishment number P-190. See table below for specific product information.

Consumers are urged to throw away recalled product or return to the place of purchase.  Consumer questions may be directed to the Jennie-O Consumer Engagement Team at 1-800-621-3505 on Monday through Friday from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM and Saturday though Sunday between 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM. Media questions may be directed to media@hormel.com or 507-434-6352.

Jay Robb Enterprises Recall Unflavored Egg White Protein Due to Undeclared Allergen

Jay Robb Enterprises issued a recall on November 16, 2018 for their Unflavored Egg White Protein manufactured by Agropur MSI, LLC of La Crosse, Wisconsin due to the undeclared allergen, milk.  Those with an allergy or severe sensitivity to milk risk serious or life-threatening allergic reaction.

The recall was initiated after discovering that Agropur MSI, LLC packaged whey protein powder into Unflavored Egg White Protein pouches that did not reveal the presence of milk instead of packages of Unflavored Whey Protein Isolate packages. Investigation revealed a temporary breakdown in the manufacturer’s label control policies.

Affected product was distributed through retail outlets in the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Virginia. See table below for specific product information.

No illness has been reported in connection with this recall.  The company is requesting the return of all affected product. Consumers who purchased recalled product should return to the place of purchase for a full refund.  Questions may be directed to Agropur MSI, LLC by email at Krysta.sunne@agropur.comor by phone at 1-800-359-2345 on Monday through Friday between 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM CST.

This Week’s Affected Products

ManufacturerLabelSizeDateUPC/LotNuVue Foods18th Street Deli Chicken Burrito EXP 11/12/18 and EXP 11/14/18 Pictsweet CompanySteam’ables Asparagus Spears8-ounceBest By AUG 1, 2020UPC 0 70560 97799 9Jennie-O Turkey Store Sales, LLCJennie-O Ground Turkey 93% Lean/7% Fat1-lbUse by: 10/01/2018 and 10/2/2018 Jennie-O Turkey Store Sales, LLCJennie-O Taco Seasoned Ground Turkey1-lbUse by: 10/02/2018 Jennie-O Turkey Store Sales, LLCJennie-O Ground Turkey 85% Lean/15% Fat1-lbUse by: 10/02/2018 Jennie-O Turkey Store Sales, LLCJennie-O Italian Seasoned Ground Turkey1-lbUse by: 10/02/2018 Jennie-O Turkey Store Sales, LLCGround Turkey 90% Lean/10% Fat1-lbUse by: 10/02/18 Jay Robb EnterprisesUnflavored Egg White Protein Product24 ozManufacture date 3/2018Lot code: 8080-2C3Jay Robb EnterprisesUnflavored Egg White Protein Product24 ozManufacture date 02/2018Lot code: 8056-4C3

By: Heather Van Tassell, Contributing Writer (Non-Lawyer)

The post What’s in Your Kitchen? A Week in Recalls: Chicken Burritos, Asparagus, Ground Turkey, and Protein Powder appeared first on Lange Law.