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IBM / The IBM 1620 for Engineering and Science, Civil Engineering / Printed Matter / 1959
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IBM / The IBM 1620 for Engineering and Science, Civil... https://ift.tt/j16qDIP -> Telegram Design Bot
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EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER EDUCATION IN INDIA
In the human history of million years old, the major development that changed human life at a rapid rate started with the industrial revolution of 18the century in Britain. .Since the gradual inventions of different types of computers(machines), computer and computer education has pacified the human growth and development in technology exponentially.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER EDUCATION IN INDIA
The first computer in India was installed at the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in Calcutta in 1955 in the form of HEC-2M designed by A.D. Booth
India did not take much time to realize the importance of computer education. Computer education in India began in the latter half of the twentieth century with India's no 1 computer institute Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur launching a course in Computer Science for the first time. The historical date was August 1963. IBM 1620 system was used in the beginning.
By the 1990s many schools at the primary level began imparting computer education in India. Since then the demand and importance of computer education in India have just increased at a healthy rate.
Most of the prominent institutions in India started offering computer courses in the 1970s and 1980s. Tracing the path of IIT Kanpur, IIT Kharagpur launched a B. Tech course in computer science in 1979. A Post Graduation Ph.D. course was launched too. Other IITs too did not take much time in starting the computer education. The University of Delhi came up with MCA(Masters of Computer Applications) in 1982. Apart from MCA, BSc.(H) computer science is also provided. Within three to four decades, computer education has become one of the most demanded and common courses in India. Almost all private, as well as government engineering colleges, are providing B. Tech courses in computer science. A three-year computer course BCA ( Bachelor of Computer Applications) introduced in 1998 is also in huge demand.
Apart from three or four years professional course, some diploma courses in the computer are also attracting a large number of students in India. These include CCC(Course On Computer Concepts), O level, graphic designing, animation and VFX, cloud computing, etc, Some of these diplomas or courses are mandatory in government jobs. Such professional course in computer education has enabled the youth of India to work in large MNCs, enterprises, freelancer, etc.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND LATEST TRENDS IN COMPUTER EDUCATION
Realizing the continuous increase in importance and scope of computer education, the government of India has made education of coding language from class 6th onwards mandatory in India. From time to time government has provided financial aid to those who are unable to access proper computer education through subsidies and scholarships.
Undoubtedly computer education has come a long way in India. Indian-origin CEOs of giant tech companies like Alphabet (Google) and Microsoft are the living examples of the evolution and quality of computer education in India. With the continuous reduction in manual jobs in traditional sectors, increase in mechanization at the workplaces, and indispensable use of computers in the research and development field, computer education in India is going to improve only in the coming future.
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History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)
New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/
History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

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#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :
—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : [email protected] —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers
Generations Of Computers :-
1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.
Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650
2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.
Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108
3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
Some computers of this generation were −
IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316
4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.
Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook
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History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)
New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/
History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

youtube
#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :
—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : [email protected] —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers
Generations Of Computers :-
1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.
Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650
2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.
Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108
3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
Some computers of this generation were −
IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316
4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.
Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook
Visit My Website : n
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History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)
New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/
History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

youtube
#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :
—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : [email protected] —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers
Generations Of Computers :-
1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.
Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650
2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.
Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108
3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
Some computers of this generation were −
IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316
4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.
Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook
Visit My Website : n
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Text
History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)
New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/
History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

youtube
#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :
—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : [email protected] —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers
Generations Of Computers :-
1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.
Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650
2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.
Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108
3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
Some computers of this generation were −
IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316
4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.
Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook
Visit My Website : n
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Text
History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)
New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/
History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

youtube
#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :
—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : [email protected] —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers
Generations Of Computers :-
1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.
Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650
2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.
Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108
3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
Some computers of this generation were −
IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316
4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.
Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook
Visit My Website : n
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A(I)hoy, mateys: IBM’s crewless ocean research ship to launch ‘very soon’
IBM’s crewless AI-powered ship is due to begin roaming the oceans this month, collecting vital data about something we still know incredibly little about.
Humans have travelled the sea in some form for tens of thousands of years—with the earliest crossings occurring around 53,000 to 65,000 years ago (when Australo-Melanesian populations migrated into the Sahul landmass – known today as Australia and New Guinea – from what used to be the Sundaland peninsula.)
It’s often said how we know more about the moon than our oceans, with around 95 percent still unexplored. Arguably, the last major ocean research expedition was between 1872 and 1876 when a converted Royal Navy gunship known as the Challenger travelled close to 70,000 nautical miles and catalogued over 4,000 previously unknown species.
Inspired by the Challenger’s story, IBM has teamed up with non-profit ProMare to make a similarly large impact on ocean research.
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The autonomous ship, Mayflower, is named after the ship which carried pilgrim settlers from Plymouth, England to Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. On its 400th anniversary, it was decided that a Mayflower for the 21st century should be built.
Brett Phaneuf, a Founding Board Member of ProMare and Co-Director of the Mayflower Autonomous Ship project, said:
“Putting a research ship to sea can cost tens of thousands of dollars or pounds a day and is limited by how much time people can spend onboard – a prohibitive factor for many of today’s marine scientific missions.
With this project, we are pioneering a cost-effective and flexible platform for gathering data that will help safeguard the health of the ocean and the industries it supports.”
Naturally, there are more than a few differences between the original ship and the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS).
Mayflower 2.0 no longer relies solely on wind power and will use a wind/solar hybrid propulsion system with a backup diesel generator. The new ship also trades in a compass and nautical charts for navigation in favour of a state-of-the-art GNSS positioning system with SATCOM, RADAR, and LIDAR.
IBM’s deep learning technology is on-board to help the ship traverse the harsh and rapidly-changing environment of the ocean.
Donald Scott, Director of Engineering at Marine AI (which partnered with ProMare on the project), explained:
“In the middle of the ocean, communications are severely limited. Conditions can change very suddenly, and you don’t have the option to stop and power down.
With MAS, we needed to go beyond the existing technology for unmanned ships, creating a vessel that isn’t just operated remotely and doesn’t simply react to the environment, but learns and adapts independently.
To do this, we had to develop state-of-the-art capabilities around navigation, collision avoidance, communications and more.”
The training of AI models for the MAS began in October 2019. The actual hull for the ship arrived in Plymouth in March and sea trials began. Over the next few months, the ship was fitted with its advanced navigation and research equipment.
Andy Stanford-Clark, CTO of IBM UK & Ireland, added:
“IBM helped put man on the moon and is excited by the challenge of using advanced technologies to cross and research our deepest oceans.
By providing the brains for the Mayflower Autonomous Ship, we are pushing the boundaries of science and autonomous technologies to address critical environmental issues.”
MAS’ voyage couldn’t arrive at a more needed time with humans causing huge amounts of damage to the health of our oceans. A UN report found our oceans are now warmer, more polluted, more depleted, and more acidic than ever before.
Rising sea levels are among the key concerns about the impact on humans, but another is the increasing number of plastics in the sea which is simultaneously causing harm to sealife and ending up in the food we eat.
Professor Richard Thompson, OBE, Director of the Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, commented:
“Microplastics present a substantial challenge to our oceans. Over 700 species come into contact with marine litter which is found from the poles to the equator, and estimates are that the quantity of plastic in the oceans will triple in the decade to 2025.”
However, armed with the right data, it’s not too late to change course and heal our oceans.
MAS is fitted with a range of sensors including acoustic, nutrient, temperature, and water and air samplers. Edge devices will store and analyse all data locally until connectivity is available. When a link has been established, the data will be uploaded to edge nodes onshore.
Unless there are any last-minute delays, MAS is set to depart on its voyage this month. The ship is due to arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts around two weeks later. Where required, updated deep learning models can be pushed out to the ship.
MAS’ virtual crew will be based in Plymouth, UK but IBM says millions of virtual “pilgrims” will be able to experience the voyage online.
Interested in hearing industry leaders discuss subjects like this? Attend the co-located 5G Expo, IoT Tech Expo, Blockchain Expo, AI & Big Data Expo, and Cyber Security & Cloud Expo World Series with upcoming events in Silicon Valley, London, and Amsterdam.
The post A(I)hoy, mateys: IBM’s crewless ocean research ship to launch ‘very soon’ appeared first on AI News.
A(I)hoy, mateys: IBM’s crewless ocean research ship to launch ‘very soon’ published first on http://rssmix.com/u/11592782/rss.xml
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In May of 1963, I started my first full-time job as a computer programmer for Mitchell Engineering Company, a supplier of steel buildings. At Mitchell, I developed programs in Fortran II on an IBM 1620 mostly to improve the efficiency of order processing and fulfillment. Since then, all my jobs for the past 57 years have involved computer programming. I am now a data scientist developing cloud-based big data fraud detection algorithms using machine learning and other advanced analytical technologies. Along the way, I earned a Master’s in Operations Research and a Master’s in Management Science, studied artificial intelligence for 3 years in a Ph.D. program for engineering, and just two years ago I received Graduate Certificates in Big Data Analytics from the schools of business and computer science at a local university (FAU). In addition, I currently hold the designation of Certified Analytics Professional (CAP). At 74, I still have no plans to retire or to stop programming.
Comments URL: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23366546
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Sea Trials Begin for Artificial Intelligence "Captain"
IBM and marine research organization Promare have announced that a new artificial intelligence captain (AI Captain) will enable the Mayflower autonomous ship to self-navigate across the Atlantic later this year.
With the three hulls of the trimaran Mayflower currently reaching the final phase of construction in Gdansk, Poland, a prototype of the AI Captain will first take to the water on a manned vessel - the Plymouth Quest - a research ship owned and operated by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory in the U.K.
The trials starting this month will evaluate how the AI Captain uses cameras, artificial intelligence and edge computing systems to safely navigate around ships, buoys and other ocean hazards that the Mayflower is expected to meet during her transatlantic voyage in September 2020. She will sail from Plymouth, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, with no onboard crew, tracing the route of the original 1620 Mayflower to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the famous voyage.
"While the autonomous shipping market is set to grow from $90 billion today to over $130 billion by 2030, many of today's autonomous ships are really just automated - robots which do not dynamically adapt to new situations and rely heavily on operator override," said Don Scott, CTO of the Mayflower Autonomous Ship. "Using an integrated set of IBM's AI, cloud and edge technologies, we are aiming to give the Mayflower the ability to operate independently in some of the most challenging circumstances on the planet."
Over the past two years, the Mayflower team has been training the ship's AI models using over a million nautical images collected from cameras in the Plymouth Sound in the U.K. as well as open source databases. Using IBM's computer vision technology, the Mayflower's AI Captain should be able to independently detect and classify ships, buoys and other hazards such as land, breakwaters and debris.
To meet the processing demands of machine learning, the team used an IBM Power AC922 using by IBM Power9 CPUs and NVIDIA V100 Tensor Core GPUs, the same technologies behind the world's smartest AI supercomputers. As the Mayflower will not have access to high-bandwidth connectivity throughout its transatlantic voyage, she will use a fully autonomous IBM edge computing system powered by several onboard NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier devices. She will process data locally on NVIDIA Jetson, increasing the speed of decision making and reducing the amount of data flow and storage on the ship.
As well as following the overall mission objectives to reach Plymouth, Massachusetts in the shortest amount of time, the AI Captain will draw on IBM's rule management system (Operational Decision Manager - ODM) to follow the COLREGs as well as recommendations from SOLAS. Used widely across the financial services industry, ODM is particularly suited to the Mayflower project as it provides a completely transparent record of its decision-making process, avoiding “black box” scenarios, says IBM.
The weather is expected to be one of the most significant factors impacting the success of the voyage, and the AI Captain will use forecast data from The Weather Company to help make navigation decisions. A Safety Manager function (running on RHEL) will review all of the AI Captain's decisions to ensure they are safe for the Mayflower and for other vessels in its vicinity.
For example, it will cater for the situation where the Mayflower is in the open ocean, approaching Cape Cod, with no satellite connectivity. In her path ahead is a cargo ship which has had a collision with a fishing vessel that has lost cargo overboard. In this hypothetical scenario, the Mayflower's AI Captain will use the following technologies and processes to independently assess the situation, and decide what action to take:
Senses
• Radar detects multiple hazards in Mayflower's path, 2.5 nautical miles ahead • Onboard cameras provide visual input to IBM computer vision system which identifies hazards as: a cargo ship, a fishing vessel and three partially submerged shipping containers floating in the water • Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides specific information about the cargo ship's class, weight, speed, cargo, etc. • GPS Navigation System – provides Mayflower's current location, heading, speed and course • Mayflower's nautical chart server provides geospatial information about its chosen route • Weather data provided by The Weather Company • Attitude Sensors – assess local sea state • Fathometer – provides water depth measurements • Vehicle Management System – provides operational data such as Mayflower's battery charge level, power consumption, communications, science payloads etc.
Thinks
• IBM Operational Decision Manager (ODM) evaluates COLREGs with respect to the other vessels in the vicinity and generates a risk map indicating an "unsafe" situation ahead • Mayflower's AI Captain ingests the ODM recommendation, computer vision input, current and forecast weather and assesses several options to avoid hazard
Acts
• AI Captain determines the best action for Mayflower is to steer to starboard to avoid the unexpected navigation hazard • Mayflower's Safety Manager verifies the decision as safe • AI Captain instructs Mayflower's Vehicle Management system to change course and speed. • As the ocean is an ever-changing dynamic environment, the AI Captain will constantly re-evaluate the situation and update the course of the Mayflower as situations evolve.
The March sea trials will take place for approximately two months on the Plymouth Quest with the ship's human captain and crew at the helm. In the first stage of testing, the Mayflower AI Captain's inference engine will receive input from the Quest's radar, AIS, GPS and navigation system, as well as data about visibility. Cameras, computer vision, edge and autonomy capabilities will be added in the next phase of testing from April.
from Storage Containers https://maritime-executive.com/article/sea-trials-begin-for-artificial-intelligence-captain via http://www.rssmix.com/
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History Of Computers:- before 18th century - Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz's Calculator; in 18th century - Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century - Five Generations Of Computers Generations Of Computers :- 1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 - 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language. Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650 2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 - 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system. Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108 3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 - 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation. Some computers of this generation were − IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316 4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation. Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer) 5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 - Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation. Some computer types of this generation are - Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook
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Dell Desktop Laptop
It is important that computer workstations are ergonomically compliant, optimally made and appropriately adjusted to avoid injury linked with tasks performed. A blade server is comparable to a rack-mounted workstation laptop in that it also wants to be installed into an enclosure. Even so, a blade pc server is much more compact and space-efficient than a rack-mount, due to the fact the internal components are created to have a low profile or be integrated onto the motherboard. (17) Faculties and Perform Units getting a new personal computer workstation for present employees members will be necessary to surrender (or trade-in) an old pc. All purchases that add to the University’s asset base or pc workstations will require a justification statement on the Purchase Order and approval by the Director, Technology Solutions.
This Workstation Pc features ample expansion slots, USB 3.1, and VGA video capabilties right from the board (DP, HDMI, and DVI-D from the board when paired with a E3 v5 CPU featuring Intel® HD Graphics P530). Walking towards the 3 computer systems near the escalators, the rightmost (ROW302) is a LIRA workstations. A wide assortment of Modular Pc Workstations is supplied by us to customers in bulk at most reasonable prices. The supplied Modular Computer Workstations are created by us as per the needs of the clients. Modular Pc Workstations are mostly recognized for their longer shelf life.
If your personal computer operate is limited mainly to writing and connecting with larger computers right here, you will almost certainly be wasting a workstation. If you do a lot of calculation or if you want to do numerous things at the very same time—run an experiment, search databases, send and get electronic mail, analyze information, create a report—a personal personal computer prohably won’t have enough power. A Gaming Pc is the customer alter-ego of the workstation Pc and, as its name implies, is utilized largely for gaming. However, their sheer performance and worth-for-income ratio have produced – for some – a compelling option to their workstation siblings.
At FedEx Office, you can discover self-service computers and friendly staff to support with any of your printing demands. Get access to computers, software program, and the web. Workstations are specially designed computers employed primarily for processor intensive high you can find out more-finish scientific or technical applications. Workstations function greater overall performance elements than standard PCs, specifically with upgraded processors video and memory capability. Some Workstations could feature dual CPUs to boost their processing capabilities.
To figure out the kind of workstation computer your firm requirements, you have to very first assess your data management requirements. Will you be maintaining your information in private servers or in the cloud? Do you need to have worldwide communications and guaranteed uptime? We carry top-of-the-line workstation computer brand names such as Dell, HP, and Lenovo. Inside our substantial inventory of workstation computers you’ll discover the correct brand and model to meet your computing wants.
Dell routinely offers coupon codes or immediate discounts for most of their laptops and desktops to the point where you must by no means be paying “typical value”. Often these codes and discounts can be stacked, generating some actually extraordinary deals that rival pricing on even DIY-built computers. These coupons expire and are replaced every two-7 days and often pop up randomly from numerous sources such as the email newsletter, the homepage, ad banners on random websites, print brochures, mailers, and much more. This tends to make it tough to track down the very best deal for a specific config you have in mind. That is why our recommendation is to just check our website. Each day we update our web site with Dell’s most current coupon codes and bargains.
Workstations tended to be extremely expensive, typically several times the price of a regular Pc and sometimes costing as significantly as a new auto Nevertheless, minicomputers sometimes cost as significantly as a home. The high expense normally came from using costlier components that ran more quickly than those discovered at the regional personal computer store, as properly as the inclusion of features not found in PCs of the time, such as higher-speed networking and sophisticated graphics. Workstation manufacturers also have a tendency to take a “balanced” method to technique design and style, generating particular to avoid bottlenecks so that data can flow unimpeded among the numerous diverse subsystems within a personal computer. Moreover, workstations, given their a lot more specialized nature, have a tendency to have greater profit margins than commodity -driven PCs.
For what ever explanation, we’ve been told by Dell and other laptop makers that you folks actually dig massive laptops with legacy attributes. Therefore, the Inspiron 15 7000 is among Dell’s most well-known, so much so that are often bargains offered for the device that clings onto what Apple has extended forgotten: SD cards and DVDs. LIRA workstations in the Richard Charles Lee Canada-Hong Kong Library, are situated to the left as you exit the elevators. Turn left when you enter the Library. Two computer systems close to the Reference Desk are LIRA computers (HKW802, and HKW804).
Laptop computer systems are increasing in popularity and are excellent for short periods of pc operate. Suggestions for laptop use are much more tough because laptop design is inherently problematic: When the screen is at a comfortable height and distance the keyboard is not, and vice versa. For sustained use, take into account purchasing either an external monitor, an external keyboard (preferably with a damaging-tilt keyboard tray), or each or a docking station. Then, rearrange your workspace to generate a great workstation layout.
A personal laptop might be a desktop personal computer or a laptop, tablet, or a handheld Computer. Sometimes a simple laptop cart won’t suffice for your mobile office wants – that is when you may want to take into account a mobile workstation. Offering much more versatile storage than typical laptop and personal computer carts, mobile workstations feature tiered designs that provide specialized storage for keyboards, monitors, peripherals and more. Evetech Custom Workstations are designed for a wide-variety of technical, specialist, and scientific applications. As a designer, artist, editor, or developer, you demand the efficiency and power of a higher-end workstation Computer. From CAD to Digital Content Creation and 3D Animation to Post Production, our workstations are ready to deal with and improve your most critical and demanding professional applications.
Software applications for most private computer systems consist of, but are not restricted to, word processing, spreadsheets, databases, Web browsers and e-mail clients, digital media playback, games, and myriad personal productivity and particular-purpose computer software applications. LIRA workstations in theCheng Yu Tung East Asian Library (Rm 8049), are positioned to the right as you exit the elevators. Stick to the corridor to the East Asian Library. The 1st three computer systems (EAW801, EAW802, and EAW803) directly in the centre of the room are the LIRA workstations.
A personal computer workstation is a type of desk that is especially created for use with a pc. Personal computer workstations have room on the work surface for a keyboard or have a keyboard tray. They also provide sufficient desk space for a computer monitor and may possibly have adequate surface space for writing or for books. Most pc workstations are available with a monitor shelf and grommet holes for routing cables. These attributes are integrated into the design of the workstation, producing it less complicated to hook up a personal computer, while providing a neat function space.
A handful of hours later I get a phone call back from the guy (Indian) who says that I need to confirm that I am a real particular person. I give him my delivery address particulars and email address. He has an problem with my hotmail address (which is 1 that I’ve had for more than 15 years and used to acquire all of my computers in the past). Apparently given that every person can sign up for a hotmail account it is not very good adequate to confirm that I am a true particular person. He desires me to send an e-mail from my operate address. I dispute this because I am getting this laptop for individual use. Ultimately I give up and inform him that I’ll do this in the next five minutes. I get an immediate “out of workplace” reply back from the e-mail address. No indication of no matter whether my order has been moved out of the holding pattern it was presently in.
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Possibly the first laptop that might qualify as a “workstation” was the IBM 1620 , a small scientific computer designed to be utilized interactively by a single individual sitting at the console. It was introduced in 1960. One peculiar feature of the machine was that it lacked any actual arithmetic circuitry. To perform addition, it necessary a memory-resident table of decimal addition rules. This saved on the expense of logic circuitry, enabling IBM to make it economical. The machine was code-named CADET and rented initially for $1000 a month.
In contrast to the installation of industrial panel PCs, which can result in key upheaval and disruption to provide chains, computer workstations for use in industrial settings do not demand drastic changes to software, processes and infrastructure. In fact, you can customise Industrial Personal computer Workstations to suit any industrial provide chain. The Application Licensing Service reported that the computer is missing a necessary OEM license. LIRA workstations are located in the Engineering & Pc Science Library (Room 2402). There are 4 LIRA workstations (ENW025, ENW026, ENW027, and ENW030), closest to the public printer, near the Information Desk.
An operating system (occasionally abbreviated as “OS”) is the plan that, soon after becoming initially loaded into the pc by a boot system, manages all the other programs in a personal computer. It gives a platform to application software. A considerable segment of the desktop market place are computer systems expected to carry out as workstations, but using Pc operating systems and components. Component producers will frequently segment their solution line, and marketplace premium elements which are functionally related to the less expensive “customer” models but function a higher level of robustness or overall performance.
Wait for the “Defragmentation is Total” message. If you have not defragged a Dell laptop in a long time, then the defragging procedure might take a whilst, even as long as an hour for really fragmented Dell computer systems. Allow the Dell pc to run the defrag until the method is completed. You will know that the Dell laptop has completed the defrag procedure when the “Defragmentation is Full” message appears. This document is an attempt to bring numerous published sources together to present a timeline about Workstation Computers. I do not have a good definition of what a ‘Workstation Computer’ is (or is not), nor do I think I will find one particular that every person can agree on. Certainly, it is probably that any such definition has changed over time, specifically if such a definition was primarily based on absolute processing energy.
Higher Top quality Memory comes with your option of high good quality Kingston® memory and Corsair. We use Kingston® and Corsair memory due to the fact they are hugely dependable and feature a lifetime warranty. The Quiet Workstation Computer has alternatives for up to 64GB of steady and precise ECC RAM for these desiring ultimate functionality. If your organization has data that requirements to be accessed by numerous users, then it will benefit from utilizing server and workstation systems. Even if a network is comprised of only two computers, a server is excellent for storing and sharing files for these two computer systems. And if you have mobile employees that regularly travel, they will be capable to remotely access details and applications on your organization’s network via the server.
Dell Inspiron 3263 All-In-One Pc, 21.5 Touch Screen, Intel® Core i3 Processor, Windows® 10 Home is rated four.3 out of five by 38. Formaspace provides functional workstation styles from LAN stations to information entry, for all your personal computer-involved work space applications. All our workbenches and attachments like heavy duty upper & reduce shelving, storage options, are compliant with business regulations. Skilled Workstations are a different breed of laptop. The sleek designs of all-in-one particular computers feature higher-high quality displays for crystal clear visuals, so you can enjoy watching movies and videos. The motherboard, processor, challenging disc, RAM and other elements are constructed-in behind the screen or the base. This eliminates the want for a separate tower case below your desk.
Filed under: Tagged: computer, laptops, monitors, selection, sizes, systems from KelsusIT.com – Refurbished laptops, desktop computers , servers http://bit.ly/2jQTQ5X via IFTTT
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Sea Trials Begin for Artificial Intelligence "Captain"
IBM and marine research organization Promare have announced that a new artificial intelligence captain (AI Captain) will enable the Mayflower autonomous ship to self-navigate across the Atlantic later this year.
With the three hulls of the trimaran Mayflower currently reaching the final phase of construction in Gdansk, Poland, a prototype of the AI Captain will first take to the water on a manned vessel - the Plymouth Quest - a research ship owned and operated by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory in the U.K.
The trials starting this month will evaluate how the AI Captain uses cameras, artificial intelligence and edge computing systems to safely navigate around ships, buoys and other ocean hazards that the Mayflower is expected to meet during her transatlantic voyage in September 2020. She will sail from Plymouth, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, with no onboard crew, tracing the route of the original 1620 Mayflower to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the famous voyage.
"While the autonomous shipping market is set to grow from $90 billion today to over $130 billion by 2030, many of today's autonomous ships are really just automated - robots which do not dynamically adapt to new situations and rely heavily on operator override," said Don Scott, CTO of the Mayflower Autonomous Ship. "Using an integrated set of IBM's AI, cloud and edge technologies, we are aiming to give the Mayflower the ability to operate independently in some of the most challenging circumstances on the planet."
Over the past two years, the Mayflower team has been training the ship's AI models using over a million nautical images collected from cameras in the Plymouth Sound in the U.K. as well as open source databases. Using IBM's computer vision technology, the Mayflower's AI Captain should be able to independently detect and classify ships, buoys and other hazards such as land, breakwaters and debris.
To meet the processing demands of machine learning, the team used an IBM Power AC922 using by IBM Power9 CPUs and NVIDIA V100 Tensor Core GPUs, the same technologies behind the world's smartest AI supercomputers. As the Mayflower will not have access to high-bandwidth connectivity throughout its transatlantic voyage, she will use a fully autonomous IBM edge computing system powered by several onboard NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier devices. She will process data locally on NVIDIA Jetson, increasing the speed of decision making and reducing the amount of data flow and storage on the ship.
As well as following the overall mission objectives to reach Plymouth, Massachusetts in the shortest amount of time, the AI Captain will draw on IBM's rule management system (Operational Decision Manager - ODM) to follow the COLREGs as well as recommendations from SOLAS. Used widely across the financial services industry, ODM is particularly suited to the Mayflower project as it provides a completely transparent record of its decision-making process, avoiding “black box” scenarios, says IBM.
The weather is expected to be one of the most significant factors impacting the success of the voyage, and the AI Captain will use forecast data from The Weather Company to help make navigation decisions. A Safety Manager function (running on RHEL) will review all of the AI Captain's decisions to ensure they are safe for the Mayflower and for other vessels in its vicinity.
For example, it will cater for the situation where the Mayflower is in the open ocean, approaching Cape Cod, with no satellite connectivity. In her path ahead is a cargo ship which has had a collision with a fishing vessel that has lost cargo overboard. In this hypothetical scenario, the Mayflower's AI Captain will use the following technologies and processes to independently assess the situation, and decide what action to take:
Senses
• Radar detects multiple hazards in Mayflower's path, 2.5 nautical miles ahead • Onboard cameras provide visual input to IBM computer vision system which identifies hazards as: a cargo ship, a fishing vessel and three partially submerged shipping containers floating in the water • Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides specific information about the cargo ship's class, weight, speed, cargo, etc. • GPS Navigation System – provides Mayflower's current location, heading, speed and course • Mayflower's nautical chart server provides geospatial information about its chosen route • Weather data provided by The Weather Company • Attitude Sensors – assess local sea state • Fathometer – provides water depth measurements • Vehicle Management System – provides operational data such as Mayflower's battery charge level, power consumption, communications, science payloads etc.
Thinks
• IBM Operational Decision Manager (ODM) evaluates COLREGs with respect to the other vessels in the vicinity and generates a risk map indicating an "unsafe" situation ahead • Mayflower's AI Captain ingests the ODM recommendation, computer vision input, current and forecast weather and assesses several options to avoid hazard
Acts
• AI Captain determines the best action for Mayflower is to steer to starboard to avoid the unexpected navigation hazard • Mayflower's Safety Manager verifies the decision as safe • AI Captain instructs Mayflower's Vehicle Management system to change course and speed. • As the ocean is an ever-changing dynamic environment, the AI Captain will constantly re-evaluate the situation and update the course of the Mayflower as situations evolve.
The March sea trials will take place for approximately two months on the Plymouth Quest with the ship's human captain and crew at the helm. In the first stage of testing, the Mayflower AI Captain's inference engine will receive input from the Quest's radar, AIS, GPS and navigation system, as well as data about visibility. Cameras, computer vision, edge and autonomy capabilities will be added in the next phase of testing from April.
from Storage Containers https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/sea-trials-begin-for-artificial-intelligence-captain via http://www.rssmix.com/
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Sea Trials Begin for Artificial Intelligence "Captain"
IBM and marine research organization Promare have announced that a new artificial intelligence captain (AI Captain) will enable the Mayflower autonomous ship to self-navigate across the Atlantic later this year.
With the three hulls of the trimaran Mayflower currently reaching the final phase of construction in Gdansk, Poland, a prototype of the AI Captain will first take to the water on a manned vessel - the Plymouth Quest - a research ship owned and operated by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory in the U.K.
The trials starting this month will evaluate how the AI Captain uses cameras, artificial intelligence and edge computing systems to safely navigate around ships, buoys and other ocean hazards that the Mayflower is expected to meet during her transatlantic voyage in September 2020. She will sail from Plymouth, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, with no onboard crew, tracing the route of the original 1620 Mayflower to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the famous voyage.
"While the autonomous shipping market is set to grow from $90 billion today to over $130 billion by 2030, many of today's autonomous ships are really just automated - robots which do not dynamically adapt to new situations and rely heavily on operator override," said Don Scott, CTO of the Mayflower Autonomous Ship. "Using an integrated set of IBM's AI, cloud and edge technologies, we are aiming to give the Mayflower the ability to operate independently in some of the most challenging circumstances on the planet."
Over the past two years, the Mayflower team has been training the ship's AI models using over a million nautical images collected from cameras in the Plymouth Sound in the U.K. as well as open source databases. Using IBM's computer vision technology, the Mayflower's AI Captain should be able to independently detect and classify ships, buoys and other hazards such as land, breakwaters and debris.
To meet the processing demands of machine learning, the team used an IBM Power AC922 using by IBM Power9 CPUs and NVIDIA V100 Tensor Core GPUs, the same technologies behind the world's smartest AI supercomputers. As the Mayflower will not have access to high-bandwidth connectivity throughout its transatlantic voyage, she will use a fully autonomous IBM edge computing system powered by several onboard NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier devices. She will process data locally on NVIDIA Jetson, increasing the speed of decision making and reducing the amount of data flow and storage on the ship.
As well as following the overall mission objectives to reach Plymouth, Massachusetts in the shortest amount of time, the AI Captain will draw on IBM's rule management system (Operational Decision Manager - ODM) to follow the COLREGs as well as recommendations from SOLAS. Used widely across the financial services industry, ODM is particularly suited to the Mayflower project as it provides a completely transparent record of its decision-making process, avoiding “black box” scenarios, says IBM.
The weather is expected to be one of the most significant factors impacting the success of the voyage, and the AI Captain will use forecast data from The Weather Company to help make navigation decisions. A Safety Manager function (running on RHEL) will review all of the AI Captain's decisions to ensure they are safe for the Mayflower and for other vessels in its vicinity.
For example, it will cater for the situation where the Mayflower is in the open ocean, approaching Cape Cod, with no satellite connectivity. In her path ahead is a cargo ship which has had a collision with a fishing vessel that has lost cargo overboard. In this hypothetical scenario, the Mayflower's AI Captain will use the following technologies and processes to independently assess the situation, and decide what action to take:
Senses
• Radar detects multiple hazards in Mayflower's path, 2.5 nautical miles ahead • Onboard cameras provide visual input to IBM computer vision system which identifies hazards as: a cargo ship, a fishing vessel and three partially submerged shipping containers floating in the water • Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides specific information about the cargo ship's class, weight, speed, cargo, etc. • GPS Navigation System – provides Mayflower's current location, heading, speed and course • Mayflower's nautical chart server provides geospatial information about its chosen route • Weather data provided by The Weather Company • Attitude Sensors – assess local sea state • Fathometer – provides water depth measurements • Vehicle Management System – provides operational data such as Mayflower's battery charge level, power consumption, communications, science payloads etc.
Thinks
• IBM Operational Decision Manager (ODM) evaluates COLREGs with respect to the other vessels in the vicinity and generates a risk map indicating an "unsafe" situation ahead • Mayflower's AI Captain ingests the ODM recommendation, computer vision input, current and forecast weather and assesses several options to avoid hazard
Acts
• AI Captain determines the best action for Mayflower is to steer to starboard to avoid the unexpected navigation hazard • Mayflower's Safety Manager verifies the decision as safe • AI Captain instructs Mayflower's Vehicle Management system to change course and speed. • As the ocean is an ever-changing dynamic environment, the AI Captain will constantly re-evaluate the situation and update the course of the Mayflower as situations evolve.
The March sea trials will take place for approximately two months on the Plymouth Quest with the ship's human captain and crew at the helm. In the first stage of testing, the Mayflower AI Captain's inference engine will receive input from the Quest's radar, AIS, GPS and navigation system, as well as data about visibility. Cameras, computer vision, edge and autonomy capabilities will be added in the next phase of testing from April.
from Storage Containers https://maritime-executive.com/article/sea-trials-begin-for-artificial-intelligence-captain via http://www.rssmix.com/
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Text
Sea Trials Begin for Artificial Intelligence "Captain"
IBM and marine research organization Promare have announced that a new artificial intelligence captain (AI Captain) will enable the Mayflower autonomous ship to self-navigate across the Atlantic later this year.
With the three hulls of the trimaran Mayflower currently reaching the final phase of construction in Gdansk, Poland, a prototype of the AI Captain will first take to the water on a manned vessel - the Plymouth Quest - a research ship owned and operated by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory in the U.K.
The trials starting this month will evaluate how the AI Captain uses cameras, artificial intelligence and edge computing systems to safely navigate around ships, buoys and other ocean hazards that the Mayflower is expected to meet during her transatlantic voyage in September 2020. She will sail from Plymouth, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, with no onboard crew, tracing the route of the original 1620 Mayflower to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the famous voyage.
"While the autonomous shipping market is set to grow from $90 billion today to over $130 billion by 2030, many of today's autonomous ships are really just automated - robots which do not dynamically adapt to new situations and rely heavily on operator override," said Don Scott, CTO of the Mayflower Autonomous Ship. "Using an integrated set of IBM's AI, cloud and edge technologies, we are aiming to give the Mayflower the ability to operate independently in some of the most challenging circumstances on the planet."
Over the past two years, the Mayflower team has been training the ship's AI models using over a million nautical images collected from cameras in the Plymouth Sound in the U.K. as well as open source databases. Using IBM's computer vision technology, the Mayflower's AI Captain should be able to independently detect and classify ships, buoys and other hazards such as land, breakwaters and debris.
To meet the processing demands of machine learning, the team used an IBM Power AC922 using by IBM Power9 CPUs and NVIDIA V100 Tensor Core GPUs, the same technologies behind the world's smartest AI supercomputers. As the Mayflower will not have access to high-bandwidth connectivity throughout its transatlantic voyage, she will use a fully autonomous IBM edge computing system powered by several onboard NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier devices. She will process data locally on NVIDIA Jetson, increasing the speed of decision making and reducing the amount of data flow and storage on the ship.
As well as following the overall mission objectives to reach Plymouth, Massachusetts in the shortest amount of time, the AI Captain will draw on IBM's rule management system (Operational Decision Manager - ODM) to follow the COLREGs as well as recommendations from SOLAS. Used widely across the financial services industry, ODM is particularly suited to the Mayflower project as it provides a completely transparent record of its decision-making process, avoiding “black box” scenarios, says IBM.
The weather is expected to be one of the most significant factors impacting the success of the voyage, and the AI Captain will use forecast data from The Weather Company to help make navigation decisions. A Safety Manager function (running on RHEL) will review all of the AI Captain's decisions to ensure they are safe for the Mayflower and for other vessels in its vicinity.
For example, it will cater for the situation where the Mayflower is in the open ocean, approaching Cape Cod, with no satellite connectivity. In her path ahead is a cargo ship which has had a collision with a fishing vessel that has lost cargo overboard. In this hypothetical scenario, the Mayflower's AI Captain will use the following technologies and processes to independently assess the situation, and decide what action to take:
Senses
• Radar detects multiple hazards in Mayflower's path, 2.5 nautical miles ahead • Onboard cameras provide visual input to IBM computer vision system which identifies hazards as: a cargo ship, a fishing vessel and three partially submerged shipping containers floating in the water • Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides specific information about the cargo ship's class, weight, speed, cargo, etc. • GPS Navigation System – provides Mayflower's current location, heading, speed and course • Mayflower's nautical chart server provides geospatial information about its chosen route • Weather data provided by The Weather Company • Attitude Sensors – assess local sea state • Fathometer – provides water depth measurements • Vehicle Management System – provides operational data such as Mayflower's battery charge level, power consumption, communications, science payloads etc.
Thinks
• IBM Operational Decision Manager (ODM) evaluates COLREGs with respect to the other vessels in the vicinity and generates a risk map indicating an "unsafe" situation ahead • Mayflower's AI Captain ingests the ODM recommendation, computer vision input, current and forecast weather and assesses several options to avoid hazard
Acts
• AI Captain determines the best action for Mayflower is to steer to starboard to avoid the unexpected navigation hazard • Mayflower's Safety Manager verifies the decision as safe • AI Captain instructs Mayflower's Vehicle Management system to change course and speed. • As the ocean is an ever-changing dynamic environment, the AI Captain will constantly re-evaluate the situation and update the course of the Mayflower as situations evolve.
The March sea trials will take place for approximately two months on the Plymouth Quest with the ship's human captain and crew at the helm. In the first stage of testing, the Mayflower AI Captain's inference engine will receive input from the Quest's radar, AIS, GPS and navigation system, as well as data about visibility. Cameras, computer vision, edge and autonomy capabilities will be added in the next phase of testing from April.
from Storage Containers https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/sea-trials-begin-for-artificial-intelligence-captain via http://www.rssmix.com/
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