#thread synchronization in distributed systems

[mcneilsa]

Stainless Steel 321 Air Header Manufacturer, Exporter, Supplier in Malaysia – Mcneil Saudi Arabia

Introduction to Stainless Steel 321 Air Headers

Stainless Steel 321 air headers are specialized equipment used to distribute compressed air from a single source to multiple outlet ports. These headers are essential components in industrial pneumatic systems, particularly where precision, durability, and resistance to extreme temperatures are crucial. SS 321 is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel known for its excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to high temperatures.

Industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, marine, and power generation commonly rely on SS 321 air headers for their ability to function flawlessly in demanding conditions. The material’s high mechanical strength and robust performance under high-pressure conditions make it a reliable choice.

When selecting a reliable solution, consider choosing a product like the ss 321 air header, which provides stability and long-term reliability, especially in harsh industrial settings.

Why Choose Mcneil Saudi Arabia

Mcneil Saudi Arabia is an established leader in the field of industrial stainless steel solutions. Based in the SAIF-Zone, Sharjah, UAE, Mcneil serves a global clientele with a strong emphasis on quality, engineering precision, and customer service. The company specializes in the manufacture and export of stainless steel pipe fittings, flanges, valves, and instrumentation products.

With state-of-the-art infrastructure and a commitment to ISO 9001-certified processes, Mcneil ensures each product adheres to international manufacturing standards. The company’s reputation as a dependable ss 321 air header manufacturer in Malaysia is backed by years of industry experience and client trust.

Contact Details: 📞 Phone: 9870883613 📧 Email: info@mcneilsa.com 📍 Address: SAIF-Zone, P.O. Box. 120345, Sharjah, UAE 🌐 Website: Mcneil Saudi Arabia

Advantages of SS 321 in Air Header Applications

SS 321 offers several critical advantages when used in air header applications. Its most significant strength is its heat resistance. It performs exceptionally well in environments with sustained temperatures between 500°C and 900°C. This makes it ideal for power plants and chemical industries where thermal cycling is constant.

The titanium content in SS 321 stabilizes the structure, making it less prone to intergranular corrosion compared to 304 or even 316 grades. This ensures longevity and safety in high-temperature pneumatic systems. Furthermore, its weldability and formability make it easy to fabricate into complex air header designs without sacrificing mechanical strength.

SS 321 is also non-magnetic and retains its mechanical properties over time, even under continuous exposure to pressure and temperature. These characteristics make it a top-tier choice for industries seeking reliable performance under tough operating conditions.

Technical Design and Product Features

Mcneil’s SS 321 air headers are designed with flexibility and efficiency in mind. They typically come in standard lengths ranging from 1 to 2 meters and can be configured with 4 to 24 outlet ports. These ports distribute compressed air to control valves and instruments across various systems, ensuring synchronized operation.

Connection types include NPT, BSP, and socket welds. End connections can be flanged, threaded, or butt-welded, depending on system requirements. The surface finish can be customized—options include pickling, passivation, or electro-polishing—for added corrosion resistance and visual appeal.

Each air header is labeled and documented for easy identification and traceability. Mcneil ensures that every product meets pressure testing standards and includes hydrostatic and pneumatic test certifications.

The company is recognized among the top ss 321 air header suppliers due to its versatile configurations and attention to detail.

Manufacturing Excellence at Mcneil

At Mcneil, the manufacturing process is defined by precision, quality, and strict control at every step. From sourcing certified raw materials to final assembly, each stage is meticulously supervised by skilled engineers and quality inspectors. Raw stainless steel is tested for mechanical and chemical properties before processing.

The air headers are fabricated using CNC technology for accurate cuts and threads. Welds are made using TIG and orbital methods, followed by radiographic and ultrasonic testing for quality assurance. Finished headers undergo hydrostatic testing to ensure pressure retention, followed by final inspection and documentation.

This attention to detail is what positions Mcneil among the leading exporters of ss 321 air header in Malaysia, delivering consistent quality every time.

Types and Custom-Built Solutions

Mcneil offers a wide range of air header models to suit specific industrial needs. Whether your application requires wall-mounted or skid-mounted air headers, vertical or horizontal orientation, Mcneil can customize it to your design.

Clients can request different outlet sizes, special mounting brackets, or additional accessories such as drain valves and pressure gauges. Coating options, including anti-rust and electro-polished finishes, are also available to enhance corrosion resistance and longevity.

As a trusted manufacturer of ss 321 air header manifold, Mcneil ensures your equipment integrates seamlessly into existing systems and delivers maximum efficiency.

Compliance and Certifications

Compliance with international standards is integral to Mcneil’s operations. All air headers are manufactured in accordance with ASME, ASTM, and ISO requirements. Each unit is accompanied by mill test certificates, pressure test results, and full material traceability.

Third-party inspections by agencies like SGS, TUV, and DNV can be arranged upon request, offering clients additional assurance. These credentials ensure that Mcneil’s products meet regulatory expectations across global markets.

Their commitment to certification and transparency has made Mcneil a preferred ss 321 air header exporter in the international supply chain.

Key Industries Served

Mcneil’s SS 321 air headers are deployed in a variety of industries that demand durability and performance. The oil and gas sector uses them for delivering compressed air to control valves and automated systems. In petrochemicals, the air headers withstand high temperatures and corrosive gases with ease.

Power generation plants use SS 321 headers in turbine control systems and heat exchanger units, where heat resistance is critical. In marine applications, their corrosion resistance helps avoid frequent replacements. These headers are also increasingly used in industrial automation systems for air distribution control.

For precision uses, such as instrumentation ss 321 air header, Mcneil provides solutions that meet stringent accuracy and cleanliness requirements.

Malaysia-Specific Export Strategy

Understanding Malaysia’s industrial landscape and compliance standards has allowed Mcneil to streamline its export operations. From Kuala Lumpur to Johor and Penang, Mcneil has successfully delivered custom-configured air headers to a wide range of industries.

The company handles all export documentation including commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin, and test certificates. With prompt customer service and technical consultation, Mcneil has become one of the leading compressor ss 321 air header exporters in Malaysia.

Logistics and Safe Packaging

Packaging plays a vital role in the safe delivery of precision-engineered products. Mcneil follows international packaging norms using ISPM 15-certified wooden boxes, vacuum-sealed polythene wrapping, and silica gel to protect against moisture.

Each shipment is tracked, and customers receive regular updates from dispatch to delivery. Support is available 24/7 for assistance with shipping or customs queries. This commitment ensures clients who want to buy 321 air header at best price in Malaysia receive their orders securely and on time.

Value Proposition of Partnering with Mcneil

Working with Mcneil means you benefit from competitive pricing, engineering expertise, and responsive customer support. The company provides both off-the-shelf and made-to-order air headers, backed by technical drawings, design consultation, and lifecycle support.

Unlike many vendors, Mcneil offers a complete solution—from design to delivery—and stands by the quality of every product. These values position the company among the most reliable ss 321 air header supplier networks globally.

Customer Feedback and Project Insights

One of Mcneil’s major projects involved supplying over 80 SS 321 air headers to a Malaysian refinery near Bintulu. The headers were customized with 16 outlets and integrated drain valves, meeting specific installation parameters. The client reported flawless performance and excellent service support.

In another case, a marine maintenance company in Penang used Mcneil’s air headers for ship automation systems. The customer praised the quick delivery and corrosion resistance, essential in saltwater conditions.

Market Comparison and Industry Positioning

In a competitive market, Mcneil stands apart for its consistent quality, global certifications, and personalized customer service. While other suppliers may offer low-cost alternatives, Mcneil emphasizes reliability, documentation, and support.

This consistent delivery of value has made Mcneil a leader among the top ss 321 air header suppliers trusted across multiple sectors.

Environmental Commitment

Mcneil is deeply committed to sustainability and eco-friendly manufacturing. The company uses recyclable materials, energy-efficient machines, and waste-minimization techniques in its operations. It also complies with international environmental norms like REACH and RoHS.

The packaging materials used are also biodegradable or recyclable, further minimizing the environmental impact during transit and usage.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What makes SS 321 different from SS 316 or 304? SS 321 has added titanium for stabilization, which prevents carbide precipitation, making it suitable for high-temperature use.

2. Can Mcneil provide customized air header designs? Yes, Mcneil specializes in both standard and custom-built air header manifolds based on specific client needs.

3. Are certifications and test reports included with the product? Absolutely. Each product includes pressure test reports, mill certificates, and full traceability documentation.

4. How long does it take to ship to Malaysia? Most orders are shipped within 10–15 business days depending on configuration and order size.

5. What industries typically use SS 321 air headers? They are used in oil & gas, chemical plants, marine, power generation, and instrumentation.

6. How can I place an order? You can contact Mcneil directly via phone at 9870883613 or email at info@mcneilsa.com.

Final Summary and Contact Information

If you’re looking for a dependable Stainless Steel 321 Air Header Manufacturer, Exporter, Supplier in Malaysia, Mcneil Saudi Arabia offers unmatched quality, customization, and service. From design to delivery, every air header is engineered to perform under pressure—literally.

Contact Mcneil Today: 📞 Phone: 9870883613 📧 Email: info@mcneilsa.com 📍 SAIF-Zone, P.O. Box. 120345, Sharjah, UAE 🌐 Visit Mcneil Saudi Arabia

[mcneil-alloys]

Stainless Steel 321 Air Header Manufacturer, Exporter, Supplier in Malaysia – Mcneil Steel & Alloys FZE

Introduction to Stainless Steel 321 Air Headers

Stainless Steel 321 air headers are specialized equipment used to distribute compressed air from a single source to multiple outlet ports. These headers are essential components in industrial pneumatic systems, particularly where precision, durability, and resistance to extreme temperatures are crucial. SS 321 is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel known for its excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to high temperatures.

Industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, marine, and power generation commonly rely on SS 321 air headers for their ability to function flawlessly in demanding conditions. The material’s high mechanical strength and robust performance under high-pressure conditions make it a reliable choice.

When selecting a reliable solution, consider choosing a product like the ss 321 air header, which provides stability and long-term reliability, especially in harsh industrial settings.

Why Choose Mcneil Steel & Alloys FZE

Mcneil Steel & Alloys FZE is an established leader in the field of industrial stainless steel solutions. Based in the SAIF-Zone, Sharjah, UAE, Mcneil serves a global clientele with a strong emphasis on quality, engineering precision, and customer service. The company specializes in the manufacture and export of stainless steel pipe fittings, flanges, valves, and instrumentation products.

With state-of-the-art infrastructure and a commitment to ISO 9001-certified processes, Mcneil ensures each product adheres to international manufacturing standards. The company’s reputation as a dependable ss 321 air header manufacturer in Malaysia is backed by years of industry experience and client trust.

Contact Details: 📞 Phone: 9870883613 📧 Email: info@mcneilalloys.ae 📍 Address: SAIF-Zone, P.O. Box. 120345, Sharjah, UAE 🌐 Website: Mcneil Steel & Alloys FZE

Advantages of SS 321 in Air Header Applications

SS 321 offers several critical advantages when used in air header applications. Its most significant strength is its heat resistance. It performs exceptionally well in environments with sustained temperatures between 500°C and 900°C. This makes it ideal for power plants and chemical industries where thermal cycling is constant.

The titanium content in SS 321 stabilizes the structure, making it less prone to intergranular corrosion compared to 304 or even 316 grades. This ensures longevity and safety in high-temperature pneumatic systems. Furthermore, its weldability and formability make it easy to fabricate into complex air header designs without sacrificing mechanical strength.

SS 321 is also non-magnetic and retains its mechanical properties over time, even under continuous exposure to pressure and temperature. These characteristics make it a top-tier choice for industries seeking reliable performance under tough operating conditions.

Technical Design and Product Features

Mcneil’s SS 321 air headers are designed with flexibility and efficiency in mind. They typically come in standard lengths ranging from 1 to 2 meters and can be configured with 4 to 24 outlet ports. These ports distribute compressed air to control valves and instruments across various systems, ensuring synchronized operation.

Connection types include NPT, BSP, and socket welds. End connections can be flanged, threaded, or butt-welded, depending on system requirements. The surface finish can be customized—options include pickling, passivation, or electro-polishing—for added corrosion resistance and visual appeal.

Each air header is labeled and documented for easy identification and traceability. Mcneil ensures that every product meets pressure testing standards and includes hydrostatic and pneumatic test certifications.

The company is recognized among the top ss 321 air header suppliers due to its versatile configurations and attention to detail.

Manufacturing Excellence at Mcneil

At Mcneil, the manufacturing process is defined by precision, quality, and strict control at every step. From sourcing certified raw materials to final assembly, each stage is meticulously supervised by skilled engineers and quality inspectors. Raw stainless steel is tested for mechanical and chemical properties before processing.

The air headers are fabricated using CNC technology for accurate cuts and threads. Welds are made using TIG and orbital methods, followed by radiographic and ultrasonic testing for quality assurance. Finished headers undergo hydrostatic testing to ensure pressure retention, followed by final inspection and documentation.

This attention to detail is what positions Mcneil among the leading exporters of ss 321 air header in Malaysia, delivering consistent quality every time.

Types and Custom-Built Solutions

Mcneil offers a wide range of air header models to suit specific industrial needs. Whether your application requires wall-mounted or skid-mounted air headers, vertical or horizontal orientation, Mcneil can customize it to your design.

Clients can request different outlet sizes, special mounting brackets, or additional accessories such as drain valves and pressure gauges. Coating options, including anti-rust and electro-polished finishes, are also available to enhance corrosion resistance and longevity.

As a trusted manufacturer of ss 321 air header manifold, Mcneil ensures your equipment integrates seamlessly into existing systems and delivers maximum efficiency.

Compliance and Certifications

Compliance with international standards is integral to Mcneil’s operations. All air headers are manufactured in accordance with ASME, ASTM, and ISO requirements. Each unit is accompanied by mill test certificates, pressure test results, and full material traceability.

Third-party inspections by agencies like SGS, TUV, and DNV can be arranged upon request, offering clients additional assurance. These credentials ensure that Mcneil’s products meet regulatory expectations across global markets.

Their commitment to certification and transparency has made Mcneil a preferred ss 321 air header exporter in the international supply chain.

Key Industries Served

Mcneil’s SS 321 air headers are deployed in a variety of industries that demand durability and performance. The oil and gas sector uses them for delivering compressed air to control valves and automated systems. In petrochemicals, the air headers withstand high temperatures and corrosive gases with ease.

Power generation plants use SS 321 headers in turbine control systems and heat exchanger units, where heat resistance is critical. In marine applications, their corrosion resistance helps avoid frequent replacements. These headers are also increasingly used in industrial automation systems for air distribution control.

For precision uses, such as instrumentation ss 321 air header, Mcneil provides solutions that meet stringent accuracy and cleanliness requirements.

Malaysia-Specific Export Strategy

Understanding Malaysia’s industrial landscape and compliance standards has allowed Mcneil to streamline its export operations. From Kuala Lumpur to Johor and Penang, Mcneil has successfully delivered custom-configured air headers to a wide range of industries.

The company handles all export documentation including commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin, and test certificates. With prompt customer service and technical consultation, Mcneil has become one of the leading compressor ss 321 air header exporters in Malaysia.

Logistics and Safe Packaging

Packaging plays a vital role in the safe delivery of precision-engineered products. Mcneil follows international packaging norms using ISPM 15-certified wooden boxes, vacuum-sealed polythene wrapping, and silica gel to protect against moisture.

Each shipment is tracked, and customers receive regular updates from dispatch to delivery. Support is available 24/7 for assistance with shipping or customs queries. This commitment ensures clients who want to buy 321 air header at best price in Malaysia receive their orders securely and on time.

Value Proposition of Partnering with Mcneil

Working with Mcneil means you benefit from competitive pricing, engineering expertise, and responsive customer support. The company provides both off-the-shelf and made-to-order air headers, backed by technical drawings, design consultation, and lifecycle support.

Unlike many vendors, Mcneil offers a complete solution—from design to delivery—and stands by the quality of every product. These values position the company among the most reliable ss 321 air header supplier networks globally.

Customer Feedback and Project Insights

One of Mcneil’s major projects involved supplying over 80 SS 321 air headers to a Malaysian refinery near Bintulu. The headers were customized with 16 outlets and integrated drain valves, meeting specific installation parameters. The client reported flawless performance and excellent service support.

In another case, a marine maintenance company in Penang used Mcneil’s air headers for ship automation systems. The customer praised the quick delivery and corrosion resistance, essential in saltwater conditions.

Market Comparison and Industry Positioning

In a competitive market, Mcneil stands apart for its consistent quality, global certifications, and personalized customer service. While other suppliers may offer low-cost alternatives, Mcneil emphasizes reliability, documentation, and support.

This consistent delivery of value has made Mcneil a leader among the top ss 321 air header suppliers trusted across multiple sectors.

Environmental Commitment

Mcneil is deeply committed to sustainability and eco-friendly manufacturing. The company uses recyclable materials, energy-efficient machines, and waste-minimization techniques in its operations. It also complies with international environmental norms like REACH and RoHS.

The packaging materials used are also biodegradable or recyclable, further minimizing the environmental impact during transit and usage.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What makes SS 321 different from SS 316 or 304? SS 321 has added titanium for stabilization, which prevents carbide precipitation, making it suitable for high-temperature use.

2. Can Mcneil provide customized air header designs? Yes, Mcneil specializes in both standard and custom-built air header manifolds based on specific client needs.

3. Are certifications and test reports included with the product? Absolutely. Each product includes pressure test reports, mill certificates, and full traceability documentation.

4. How long does it take to ship to Malaysia? Most orders are shipped within 10–15 business days depending on configuration and order size.

5. What industries typically use SS 321 air headers? They are used in oil & gas, chemical plants, marine, power generation, and instrumentation.

6. How can I place an order? You can contact Mcneil directly via phone at 9870883613 or email at info@mcneilalloys.ae.

Final Summary and Contact Information

If you’re looking for a dependable Stainless Steel 321 Air Header Manufacturer, Exporter, Supplier in Malaysia, Mcneil Steel & Alloys FZE offers unmatched quality, customization, and service. From design to delivery, every air header is engineered to perform under pressure—literally.

Contact Mcneil Today: 📞 Phone: 9870883613 📧 Email: info@mcneilalloys.ae 📍 SAIF-Zone, P.O. Box. 120345, Sharjah, UAE 🌐 Visit Mcneil Steel & Alloys FZE

[drmikewatts]

IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2025

1) An Efficient Sampling Approach to Offspring Generation for Evolutionary Large-Scale Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization

Author(s): Langchun Si, Xingyi Zhang, Yajie Zhang, Shangshang Yang, Ye Tian

Pages: 2080 - 2092

2) Long-Tailed Classification Based on Coarse-Grained Leading Forest and Multi-Center Loss

Author(s): Jinye Yang, Ji Xu, Di Wu, Jianhang Tang, Shaobo Li, Guoyin Wang

Pages: 2093 - 2107

3) Two ZNN-Based Unified SMC Schemes for Finite/Fixed/Preassigned-Time Synchronization of Chaotic Systems

Author(s): Yongjun He, Lin Xiao, Linju Li, Qiuyue Zuo, Yaonan Wang

Pages: 2108 - 2121

4) Solving Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimization via Learning to Improve Method

Author(s): Te Ye, Zizhen Zhang, Qingfu Zhang, Jinbiao Chen, Jiahai Wang

Pages: 2122 - 2136

5) Multi-Objective Integrated Energy-Efficient Scheduling of Distributed Flexible Job Shop and Vehicle Routing by Knowledge-and-Learning-Based Hyper-Heuristics

Author(s): YaPing Fu, ZhengPei Zhang, Min Huang, XiWang Guo, Liang Qi

Pages: 2137 - 2150

6) MTMD: Multi-Scale Temporal Memory Learning and Efficient Debiasing Framework for Stock Trend Forecasting

Author(s): Mingjie Wang, Juanxi Tian, Mingze Zhang, Jianxiong Guo, Weijia Jia

Pages: 2151 - 2163

7) Cross-Scale Fuzzy Holistic Attention Network for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading From Fundus Images

Author(s): Zhijie Lin, Zhaoshui He, Xu Wang, Wenqing Su, Ji Tan, Yamei Deng, Shengli Xie

Pages: 2164 - 2178

8) Leveraging Neural Networks and Calibration Measures for Confident Feature Selection

Author(s): Hassan Gharoun, Navid Yazdanjue, Mohammad Sadegh Khorshidi, Fang Chen, Amir H. Gandomi

Pages: 2179 - 2193

9) Modeling of Spiking Neural Network With Optimal Hidden Layer via Spatiotemporal Orthogonal Encoding for Patterns Recognition

Author(s): Zenan Huang, Yinghui Chang, Weikang Wu, Chenhui Zhao, Hongyan Luo, Shan He, Donghui Guo

Pages: 2194 - 2207

10) A Learning-Based Two-Stage Multi-Thread Iterated Greedy Algorithm for Co-Scheduling of Distributed Factories and Automated Guided Vehicles With Sequence-Dependent Setup Times

Author(s): Zijiang Liu, Hongyan Sang, Biao Zhang, Leilei Meng, Tao Meng

Pages: 2208 - 2218

11) A Novel Hierarchical Generative Model for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation of Biomedical Images

Author(s): Lu Chai, Zidong Wang, Yuheng Shao, Qinyuan Liu

Pages: 2219 - 2231

12) PurifyFL: Non-Interactive Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning Against Poisoning Attacks Based on Single Server

Author(s): Yanli Ren, Zhe Yang, Guorui Feng, Xinpeng Zhang

Pages: 2232 - 2243

13) Learning Uniform Latent Representation via Alternating Adversarial Network for Multi-View Clustering

Author(s): Yue Zhang, Weitian Huang, Xiaoxue Zhang, Sirui Yang, Fa Zhang, Xin Gao, Hongmin Cai

Pages: 2244 - 2255

14) Harnessing the Power of Knowledge Graphs to Improve Causal Discovery

Author(s): Taiyu Ban, Xiangyu Wang, Lyuzhou Chen, Derui Lyu, Xi Fan, Huanhuan Chen

Pages: 2256 - 2268

15) MSDT: Multiscale Diffusion Transformer for Multimodality Image Fusion

Author(s): Caifeng Xia, Hongwei Gao, Wei Yang, Jiahui Yu

Pages: 2269 - 2283

16) Adaptive Feature Transfer for Light Field Super-Resolution With Hybrid Lenses

Author(s): Gaosheng Liu, Huanjing Yue, Xin Luo, Jingyu Yang

Pages: 2284 - 2295

17) Broad Graph Attention Network With Multiple Kernel Mechanism

Author(s): Qingwang Wang, Pengcheng Jin, Hao Xiong, Yuhang Wu, Xu Lin, Tao Shen, Jiangbo Huang, Jun Cheng, Yanfeng Gu

Pages: 2296 - 2307

18) Dual-Branch Semantic Enhancement Network Joint With Iterative Self-Matching Training Strategy for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Author(s): Feng Xiao, Ruyu Liu, Xu Cheng, Haoyu Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Yaochu Jin

Pages: 2308 - 2320

19) CVRSF-Net: Image Emotion Recognition by Combining Visual Relationship Features and Scene Features

Author(s): Yutong Luo, Xinyue Zhong, Jialan Xie, Guangyuan Liu

Pages: 2321 - 2333

20) Generative Network Correction to Promote Incremental Learning

Author(s): Justin Leo, Jugal Kalita

Pages: 2334 - 2343

21) A Cross-Domain Recommendation Model Based on Asymmetric Vertical Federated Learning and Heterogeneous Representation

Author(s): Wanjing Zhao, Yunpeng Xiao, Tun Li, Rong Wang, Qian Li, Guoyin Wang

Pages: 2344 - 2358

22) HGRL-S: Towards Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning With Optimized Structures

Author(s): Shanfeng Wang, Dong Wang, Xiaona Ruan, Xiaolong Fan, Maoguo Gong, He Zhang

Pages: 2359 - 2370

23) Prompt-Based Out-of-Distribution Intent Detection

Author(s): Rudolf Chow, Albert Y. S. Lam

Pages: 2371 - 2382

24) Multi-Graph Contrastive Learning for Community Detection in Multi-Layer Networks

Author(s): Songen Cao, Xiaoyi Lv, Yaxiong Ma, Xiaoke Ma

Pages: 2383 - 2397

25) Observer-Based Event-Triggered Optimal Control for Nonlinear Multiagent Systems With Input Delay via Reinforcement Learning Strategy

Author(s): Xin Wang, Yujie Liao, Lihua Tan, Wei Zhang, Huaqing Li

Pages: 2398 - 2409

26) SODSR: A Three-Stage Small Object Detection via Super-Resolution Using Optimizing Combination

Author(s): Xiaoyong Mei, Kejin Zhang, Changqin Huang, Xiao Chen, Ming Li, Zhao Li, Weiping Ding, Xindong Wu

Pages: 2410 - 2426

27) Toward Automatic Market Making: An Imitative Reinforcement Learning Approach With Predictive Representation Learning

Author(s): Siyuan Li, Yafei Chen, Hui Niu, Jiahao Zheng, Zhouchi Lin, Jian Li, Jian Guo, Zhen Wang

Pages: 2427 - 2439

28) CIGF-Net: Cross-Modality Interaction and Global-Feature Fusion for RGB-T Semantic Segmentation

Author(s): Zhiwei Zhang, Yisha Liu, Weimin Xue, Yan Zhuang

Pages: 2440 - 2451

29) BAUODNET for Class Imbalance Learning in Underwater Object Detection

Author(s): Long Chen, Haohan Yu, Xirui Dong, Yaxin Li, Jialie Shen, Jiangrong Shen, Qi Xu

Pages: 2452 - 2461

30) DFEN: A Dual-Feature Extraction Network-Based Open-Set Domain Adaptation Method for Optical Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification

Author(s): Zhunga Liu, Xinran Ji, Zuowei Zhang, Yimin Fu

Pages: 2462 - 2473

31) Distillation-Based Domain Generalization for Cross-Dataset EEG-Based Emotion Recognition

Author(s): Wei Li, Siyi Wang, Shitong Shao, Kaizhu Huang

Pages: 2474 - 2490

32) NeuronsGym: A Hybrid Framework and Benchmark for Robot Navigation With Sim2Real Policy Learning

Author(s): Haoran Li, Guangzheng Hu, Shasha Liu, Mingjun Ma, Yaran Chen, Dongbin Zhao

Pages: 2491 - 2505

33) Adaptive Constrained IVAMGGMM: Application to Mental Disorders Detection

Author(s): Ali Algumaei, Muhammad Azam, Nizar Bouguila

Pages: 2506 - 2530

34) Visual IoT Sensing Based on Robust Multilabel Discrete Signatures With Self-Topological Regularized Half Quadratic Lifting Functions

Author(s): Bo-Wei Chen, Ying-Hsuan Wu

Pages: 2531 - 2544

35) Heterogeneity-Aware Clustering and Intra-Cluster Uniform Data Sampling for Federated Learning

Author(s): Jian Chen, Peifeng Zhang, Jiahui Chen, Terry Shue Chien Lau

Pages: 2545 - 2556

36) Model-Data Jointly Driven Method for Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring

Author(s): Ke Gu, Yuchen Liu, Hongyan Liu, Bo Liu, Lai-Kuan Wong, Weisi Lin, Junfei Qiao

Pages: 2557 - 2571

37) Personalized Exercise Group Assembly Using a Two Archive Evolutionary Algorithm

Author(s): Yifei Sun, Yifei Cao, Ziang Wang, Sicheng Hou, Weifeng Gao, Zhi-Hui Zhan

Pages: 2572 - 2583

38) PFPS: Polymerized Feature Panoptic Segmentation Based on Fully Convolutional Networks

Author(s): Shucheng Ji, Xiaochen Yuan, Junqi Bao, Tong Liu, Yang Lian, Guoheng Huang, Guo Zhong

Pages: 2584 - 2596

39) Low-Bit Mixed-Precision Quantization and Acceleration of CNN for FPGA Deployment

Author(s): JianRong Wang, Zhijun He, Hongbo Zhao, Rongke Liu

Pages: 2597 - 2617

40) Bayesian Inference of Hidden Markov Models Through Probabilistic Boolean Operations in Spiking Neuronal Networks

Author(s): Ayan Chakraborty, Saswat Chakrabarti

Pages: 2618 - 2632

[forlinx]

Compact. Robust. Intelligent. Discover the Forlinx i.MX9352 SoM

The Forlinx FET-MX9352-C SoM powered by NXP's i.MX 9352 processor delivers industry-leading multi-core performance, ultra-efficient AI inference, and deterministic networking in a compact, SMT-friendly form factor, making it ideal for industrial automation, robotics, edge AI, and smart IoT applications.

Key Performance Highlights

High-Performance Processing

Dual Cortex-A55 @ 1.7 GHz handles complex Linux workloads and multi-threaded applications with ease.

Cortex-M33 @ 250 MHz real-time core delivers deterministic control and low-latency tasks without offloading to external MCUs.

Edge AI Acceleration

Arm Ethos-U65 microNPU achieves up to 0.5 TOPS of AI acceleration for vision and machine-learning inference at the edge.

On-board NPU enables secure, offline inferencing for applications like predictive maintenance and intelligent video analytics.

Deterministic Networking

Dual Gigabit Ethernet ports—one with TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) support—ensure sub-millisecond synchronization and zero-packet loss for real-time industrial networks.

Built-in IEEE 1588 & 802.1Qbv/bu standards support precise time synchronization across distributed systems.

Rich Connectivity

Comprehensive interfaces include 2× USB 2.0, 2× CAN-FD, 3× SD/SDIO 3.0, up to 8× UART, 8× SPI, 8× I²C, 2× I³C, and audio interfaces (SPDIF, PDM).

High-speed multimedia features with 1× 4-lane MIPI-DSI, 1× LVDS, RGB888 output, and up to 2-lane MIPI-CSI for camera input.

Industrial Reliability & Longevity

Wide-temperature operation from –40 °C to +85 °C with all industrial-grade components for harsh environments.

15-year longevity program aligns with NXP's supply guarantee for the i.MX 93 family, ensuring stable supply through at least 2038.

Compact SMT-Ready Design

QFN SMT module measures just ~33 × 48 mm and can be directly reflow-soldered onto customer carrier boards, reducing BOM cost and assembly complexity.

Optimized signal integrity & power management deliver robust performance in a miniaturized footprint.

Elevate your next project with the FET-MX9352-C SoM's unmatched compute, AI, and network determinism.

🔗 Explore product details & request samples

[codingprolab]

Operating systems Programming assignment #2 comp346

1. Objectives The objective of this assignment is to allow you to learn how to implement critical sections and barrier synchronization of concurrent threads using semaphores. 2. Preparation 2.1 Source Code There are four files to be distributed with the assignment. A soft copy of the code is available to download from the course website. 2.1.1 File Checklist Files distributed with the assignment…

[softmotioncontrol]

Develop Reliable Systems with EtherCAT C++

In today’s automation-driven world, reliability and performance are not optional—they are essential. When it comes to building deterministic, high-performance systems, EtherCAT C++ stands out as a powerful pairing. This combination brings together the real-time communication capabilities of EtherCAT (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology) with the robust efficiency and flexibility of C++, making it a preferred choice for developers of industrial and motion control systems.

Why Choose EtherCAT?

EtherCAT is a leading fieldbus protocol designed for high-speed, deterministic communication. Unlike traditional Ethernet, EtherCAT operates with minimal jitter and extremely low latency, allowing devices in a network to share data in real time with cycle times often below 100 μs. It supports distributed clock synchronization, on-the-fly processing, and integrates seamlessly with a wide range of I/O modules, drives, and sensors.

The deterministic behavior of EtherCAT ensures that commands and responses occur within guaranteed time frames—making it ideal for applications like CNC machines, robotics, packaging lines, and semiconductor equipment.

The Role of C++ in Real-Time Systems

C++ is one of the most powerful programming languages for embedded and system-level development. Known for its performance, memory management, and object-oriented structure, C++ enables developers to build complex systems that are both efficient and scalable.

When combined with EtherCAT, C++ allows low-level hardware access while maintaining high-level abstraction. Developers can fine-tune device communication, optimize data handling, and incorporate safety protocols—all while maintaining clean, maintainable codebases.

Benefits of EtherCAT C++ Integration

1. Real-Time Precision

C++ lets you directly manage timing and resources, which is crucial for maintaining the ultra-fast cycles EtherCAT demands. You gain precise control over thread management, interrupt handling, and device polling.

2. Customizability

Need a specialized behavior or unique hardware interface? With C++, you can create custom EtherCAT slave or master interfaces tailored to your application, beyond the limitations of GUI-based tools.

3. Scalability

C++ allows you to scale from small applications to large, distributed industrial systems without a total rewrite. You can build libraries for reuse across multiple machines or facilities.

4. Integration with Windows RTOS

Running EtherCAT on a Windows-based RTOS—like KINGSTAR or IntervalZero RTX64—lets you leverage C++ to create hard real-time solutions while using the familiar Windows environment for UI, analytics, and networking.

Building with Confidence

Whether you're developing motion control for robotics or synchronizing hundreds of I/O points in a production line, using EtherCAT C++ ensures your system is built for precision, reliability, and future scalability. It empowers developers to write code that directly manages performance-critical aspects of automation while keeping the codebase clean and maintainable.

Start building your next-generation automation systems with the power of EtherCAT C++. For more information and support, contact:

Kingstar 200 Fifth Avenue, FL 6, STE 6020 Waltham, MA 02451 Phone: +1 781 209 2810 Fax: +1 781 795 0158 Email: info@kingstar.com

[programmingandengineering]

Multithreading, Distributed Computing & Hotel Booking System Implementation Project 2 Solution

Introduction The purpose of this project is to make sure that you understand and are familiar with the concepts covered in the lectures, including distributed computing, multithreading, thread definition, creation, management, synchronization, cooperation, event–driven programming, client and server architecture, service execution model of creating a new thread for each request, the performance…

[lisaward867]

Why Hiring Rust Developers is a Smart Investment for Tech Companies

In the contemporary fast-paced world of technology, choosing the right programming language and employing the right developers might turn out to be the most efficient hack into an organization for success. Rust is a systems programming language well-known for its advantages in memory safety, performance, and concurrency. In recent years, it has gained popularity, so hiring Rust developers is a reasonable strategy for tech companies interested in creating solid, effective, and scalable software solutions. Hire an Rust Developer to reap all the benefits of this great new language and develop really strong, secure, and future-proof applications. As the usage of Rust continues to grow and demand rises for software that is highly optimized, companies using their resources toward Rust talent can continue to stay competitive in this cutthroat technology landscape.

1. Rust Ensures High-Performance Applications

It's performance that definitely matters the most to tech firms, especially those with high-load systems like fintech platforms, gaming engines, and even cloud computing. Rust was meant to offer performance on the same level as C/C++ but ensuring safety. Development in Rust will allow for creating high-performance applications that utilize hardware efficiently, all without the concerns of leaks or segmentation faults, due to its zero-cost abstractions, low-level control, and efficient memory handling. This means that applications may easily perform computations at scale, process data, and respond in near-real time. Rust's optimized execution makes it possible to develop applications that are not only faster but also run on fewer system resources, thereby improving the user experience as well as operational expenditure.

2. Enhanced Memory Safety Without a Garbage Collector

Memory safety issues like buffer overflow and null pointer dereference have haunted software development for decades. Rust provides a remedy for these problems by enforcing strict memory safety rules at compile time. In contrast to those languages that rely on garbage collection mechanisms (e.g., Java, Go), Rust secures memory via an ownership, borrowing, and lifetime system, minimizing runtime overhead and increasing application stability. Given that Rust is free of most common memory errors, reliable and secure code can be written by developers to minimize vulnerabilities. As such, it is well-suited for those industries where security and stability are of utmost importance. The absence of garbage collection also means that programs in Rust have lower latency and greater throughput-perfect for real-time systems and mission-critical applications.

3. Strong Concurrency Model for Scalable Systems

The rising popularity of multi-threaded applications is highlighted by Rust in effectively blocking data races and other concurrency-induced bugs. Hence, businesses working on any form of distribution system, microservices, or real-time applications can highly benefit from Rust's proficient ability to cater to concurrent spectral execution. The language, with its built-in concurrency features of message-passing channels and essentially functioning in thread-safety mode, helps applications scale well and harden up considerably under constantly high-pressure processing. By hiring Rust developers, any business can now potentially create highly concurrent systems devoid of any speed-stability trade-offs, while using resources judiciously. The best thing about Rust concurrency is the fact that it minimizes overhead in synchronization, meaning less hassle while getting programs to fully realize parallelism without issues of unexpected outcomes, or choked up with synchronization issues.

4. Growing Ecosystem and Community Support

The ecosystem of Rust is really fast expanding through various frameworks and libraries set out for web development(Rocket, Actix), game development(Bevy), blockchain(Substrate), and even embedded systems. There are many active communities of Rust that provide corporate backing by some companies like Mozilla, Microsoft, and AWS, which will improve the language and make it viable for a longer time. These would allow developers relatively massive documentation, forums, and open-source libraries to further create and solve problems more easily. That's also another growing ecosystem that makes it much easier for businesses to integrate Rust into their tech stack. It has also allowed them to find and attract relative talent in creating projects. These are just some examples of using tools such as Cargo, America's Package manager, which has optimized development workflows and made dependency management and project maintenance considerably more efficient.

5. Security-First Approach

Cybersecurity today appears to be the top on the list of priority aspects that present-day tech companies would want to see in place as it pertains to using software whose code base is Rust, with Rust encompassing built-in security features that relieve the proverbial weight immediately upon such common vulnerabilities-buffers that overflow, conditions of race, and corrupted memory. The fact that both program compilation and strict checking occur at the time compile has ensured that engineers can never have any compromise and risk the introduction of security flaws common in C and C++. For enterprises in a number of sectors, among these finance, healthcare, or defence, Rust could stand to be a solution by virtue of its focus on safety and reliability. Hiring Rust developers would actually go a long way to ensure proactive protection of systems due to the strong and maintained fort at developing even more significant safeguards against causes that threaten cyber safety.

6. Cost Savings in Development and Maintenance

While the learning curve for Rust can cause delays in development, the expenses of hiring Rust programmers could pay off in the long run; fewer runtime errors, decreased debugging time, and diminished infrastructure costs (due to efficient memory handling) lead to savings. With less frequent security patches, decreased maintenance overhead, and reduced system failures, Rust earns a good credibility with lower operational expenses. Therefore, hiring skilled Rust developers guarantees that businesses will develop software solutions requiring very little subsequent support for them to spend their time and energy on actual innovation and growth. On the other hand, because of Rust's performance optimizations, server and cloud expenditures can drop tremendously, making it a cost-friendly approach for firms eager to maximize resource consumption.

7. Adoption by Leading Tech Companies

A number of large enterprises, such as Dropbox, Discord, Amazon, and Cloudflare, are utilizing Rust as a language for building the backbone of their critical systems. This trend mirrors Rust's employment in real-world scenarios with a chord struck for becoming the next mainstream programming language, which is handy for high-performance applications. Due to Rust being reliable and witnessing ever-growing acceptance, companies may safely invest in it, as it arrives with the endorsement of prominent industry players and a vibrant developer community. By adopting Rust, the companies can have an upper edge over their competitors to develop hyper-efficient and secure systems. Global leaders increasingly adopting Rust attest to how it solves software problems today, validating that it will evolve along with the technology of the future.

Conclusion

For tech companies that prioritize performance, security, and scalability, hiring Rust engineers represents an investment in the future. Armed with Rust's guaranteed memory safety, efficient memory management, and powerful concurrency model, businesses are free to develop future-proof applications without drowning in technical debt. As Rust keeps gaining acceptance, organizations that introduce it into their development stacks will be poised for further success in the future. Hire Rust developers to keep your competitive tech company at the forefront and develop secure and high-performing software into the next decade. With its modern abilities, Rust can create software that is faster, safer, and more efficient and bring that competitive edge to the game.

[chocolatedetectivehottub]

Golang developer,

Golang developer,

In the evolving world of software development, Go (or Golang) has emerged as a powerful programming language known for its simplicity, efficiency, and scalability. Developed by Google, Golang is designed to make developers’ lives easier by offering a clean syntax, robust standard libraries, and excellent concurrency support. Whether you're starting as a new developer or transitioning from another language, this guide will help you navigate the journey of becoming a proficient Golang developer.

Why Choose Golang?

Golang’s popularity has grown exponentially, and for good reasons:

Simplicity: Go's syntax is straightforward, making it accessible for beginners and efficient for experienced developers.

Concurrency Support: With goroutines and channels, Go simplifies writing concurrent programs, making it ideal for systems requiring parallel processing.

Performance: Go is compiled to machine code, which means it executes programs efficiently without requiring a virtual machine.

Scalability: The language’s design promotes building scalable and maintainable systems.

Community and Ecosystem: With a thriving developer community, extensive documentation, and numerous open-source libraries, Go offers robust support for its users.

Key Skills for a Golang Developer

To excel as a Golang developer, consider mastering the following:

1. Understanding Go Basics

Variables and constants

Functions and methods

Control structures (if, for, switch)

Arrays, slices, and maps

2. Deep Dive into Concurrency

Working with goroutines for lightweight threading

Understanding channels for communication

Managing synchronization with sync package

3. Mastering Go’s Standard Library

net/http for building web servers

database/sql for database interactions

os and io for system-level operations

4. Writing Clean and Idiomatic Code

Using Go’s formatting tools like gofmt

Following Go idioms and conventions

Writing efficient error handling code

5. Version Control and Collaboration

Proficiency with Git

Knowledge of tools like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket

6. Testing and Debugging

Writing unit tests using Go’s testing package

Utilizing debuggers like dlv (Delve)

7. Familiarity with Cloud and DevOps

Deploying applications using Docker and Kubernetes

Working with cloud platforms like AWS, GCP, or Azure

Monitoring and logging tools like Prometheus and Grafana

8. Knowledge of Frameworks and Tools

Popular web frameworks like Gin or Echo

ORM tools like GORM

API development with gRPC or REST

Building a Portfolio as a Golang Developer

To showcase your skills and stand out in the job market, work on real-world projects. Here are some ideas:

Web Applications: Build scalable web applications using frameworks like Gin or Fiber.

Microservices: Develop microservices architecture to demonstrate your understanding of distributed systems.

Command-Line Tools: Create tools or utilities to simplify repetitive tasks.

Open Source Contributions: Contribute to Golang open-source projects on platforms like GitHub.

Career Opportunities

Golang developers are in high demand across various industries, including fintech, cloud computing, and IoT. Popular roles include:

Backend Developer

Cloud Engineer

DevOps Engineer

Full Stack Developer

Conclusion

Becoming a proficient Golang developer requires dedication, continuous learning, and practical experience. By mastering the language’s features, leveraging its ecosystem, and building real-world projects, you can establish a successful career in this growing field. Start today and join the vibrant Go community to accelerate your journey.

[emblogicsblog]

Linux System Programming course

The Linux System Programming course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of system-level programming in Linux, focusing on core principles that underpin the operation of Linux-based systems. Participants will delve into essential topics such as process management, inter-process communication (IPC), threading, and synchronization techniques. These concepts form the backbone of efficient and scalable application development in Linux environments.

Through a carefully structured curriculum, the course emphasizes hands-on learning with real-world scenarios and practical projects. Learners will gain proficiency in using system calls, navigating the Linux kernel, and implementing robust programming practices to create high-performance applications. Topics like signal handling, file system manipulation, memory management, and device interfacing are also explored, ensuring a well-rounded skill set.

This course goes beyond theoretical knowledge, aiming to empower participants with the ability to solve complex system-level challenges. By engaging in coding exercises and collaborative projects, learners will develop problem-solving skills and acquire the expertise needed to design and implement Linux-based solutions effectively.

Ideal for software developers, engineers, and IT professionals, the Linux System Programming course equips individuals with advanced capabilities in debugging, optimizing, and enhancing applications for Linux platforms. Whether building distributed systems, optimizing performance-critical applications, or contributing to open-source projects, this course lays the foundation for success in diverse roles.

Graduates of the course will emerge as proficient Linux system programmers, ready to tackle advanced challenges and contribute to innovative Linux-based projects across industries. With an emphasis on both foundational concepts and practical application, this course is a gateway to mastering Linux system programming and excelling in a competitive technological landscape.Linux System Programming course, Linux System Programming, Process Management Training, IPC Linux Course, POSIX Threads Tutorial, Linux Process Synchronization, Advanced Linux Programming, Linux Mutexes Workshop, System Programming with Linux, Linux Inter-Process Communication Course, Linux Threads and Processes Training.

[nel-world]

High-volume, low-latency Java applications

Concurrency and Multithreading

Thread Pooling: Use thread pools (Executors in Java) to manage threads efficiently, avoiding the overhead of creating and destroying threads for each task.

Non-blocking I/O (NIO): Leverage Java NIO for handling large numbers of connections or requests without blocking threads.

Asynchronous Programming: Use CompletableFuture, or other async frameworks (like Project Reactor or Akka) to avoid blocking and enhance throughput.

ForkJoinPool: For divide-and-conquer parallelism, utilize the ForkJoinPool to break tasks into smaller sub-tasks.

2. Efficient Data Structures and Algorithms

Low-latency Collections: Use specialized collections like ConcurrentHashMap for thread-safe, highly scalable access to data. Consider using high-performance libraries like Agrona or JCTools for non-blocking data structures.

Minimize Locking: Avoid blocking locks and shared states whenever possible. Instead, use lock-free and wait-free algorithms (atomic operations via java.util.concurrent.atomic) to avoid contention.

Immutable Objects: Use immutability to reduce synchronization needs and ensure safe access across multiple threads without locks.

Garbage Collection Optimization

Garbage Collection (GC) Tuning: Configure garbage collectors to minimize GC pauses. Some low-latency collectors in the JVM include:

ZGC (Z Garbage Collector): Offers very low pause times even with large heap sizes.

Shenandoah GC: Reduces garbage collection pauses by performing more work concurrently.

G1 GC (Garbage First): Can be tuned to meet specific pause-time goals.

Object Pooling: Reuse objects to reduce the frequency of memory allocation and GC pressure.

Avoid Excessive Object Creation: Prefer primitive types and arrays over objects, especially in hot paths.

4. Network I/O Optimization

Zero-Copy I/O: Utilize memory-mapped files or Java NIO’s DirectByteBuffer for efficient data transfer without the overhead of copying data between buffers.

Use Asynchronous Networking: Java NIO combined with AsynchronousSocketChannel can handle large numbers of I/O operations concurrently without blocking.

Minimize Serialization Overhead: Use efficient serialization formats like Protocol Buffers, FlatBuffers, or MessagePack instead of Java's built-in serialization, which can be slow and memory-intensive.

5. Low-Latency Messaging Systems

Use of Messaging Systems: Low-latency messaging frameworks such as Disruptor (by LMAX) can help bypass traditional locking mechanisms by using a ring buffer architecture, reducing latency in message passing.

Off-Heap Memory: Libraries like Chronicle Queue and Chronicle Map allow storing data off-heap, reducing the load on the garbage collector and improving performance in messaging applications.

6. Database Optimization

NoSQL Databases: For high throughput, consider NoSQL solutions like Cassandra, MongoDB, or Redis for their ability to scale horizontally and handle large datasets.

In-Memory Data Stores: Use in-memory databases (like Redis or Memcached) to avoid disk I/O latency.

Sharding and Partitioning: Distribute data across multiple databases or nodes to ensure scalability and reduce the load on any single system.

7. Minimizing Latency in Critical Paths

Microservices Architecture: Use microservices to break down complex applications into smaller, more manageable components, reducing latency by allowing independent scaling.

Event-Driven Architecture: Use event-driven designs with systems like Kafka or RabbitMQ to decouple components and reduce synchronous calls that can introduce latency.

8. JVM and OS Tuning

CPU Affinity and Pinning: Bind critical threads to specific CPUs to ensure that the most important tasks are not preempted or interrupted by the OS scheduler.

Tuning JVM Parameters: Optimize JVM flags like heap size (-Xms, -Xmx), garbage collector options, and direct memory settings (-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize) based on the workload.

Reduce Context Switching: Avoid excessive thread switching by using fewer, dedicated threads for critical tasks and batch processing.

9. Profiling and Performance Monitoring

Profiling Tools: Use profilers such as VisualVM, YourKit, or Java Flight Recorder (JFR) to identify bottlenecks in code, GC performance, or I/O operations.

Metrics and Monitoring: Implement real-time monitoring (using tools like Prometheus, Grafana, or ELK Stack) to track latency, throughput, and resource utilization. Continuously fine-tune the system based on observed behavior.

10. Batching and Caching

Batch Processing: Process data in batches where possible to reduce the overhead of handling multiple individual requests.

Caching: Use local caches like Caffeine or distributed caches like Redis to store frequently accessed data, reducing the need for repeated data fetching or computation.

sudo lsof -i :<port_number>

High-volume, low-latency Java applicationsThread Pooling: Use thread pools (Executors in Java) to manage threads efficiently,

Asynchronous Programming: Use CompletableFuture, or other async frameworks (

Non-blocking I/O (NIO): Leverage Java NIO for handling large numbers of connections

Efficient Data Structures and Algorithms

Low-latency Collections: Use specialized collections like ConcurrentHashMap for thread-safe,

Minimize Locking: Avoid blocking locks and shared states whenever possible. Instead, use lock-free and wait-free algorithms

Immutable Objects: Use immutability to reduce synchronization needs

3. Garbage Collection Optimization

Configure garbage collectors to minimize GC pauses. Some low-latency collectors in the JVM include:

ZGC (Z Garbage Collector): Offers very low pause times even with large heap sizes.

Object Pooling: Reuse objects to reduce the frequency of memory allocation and GC pressure.

Database Optimization

Sharding and Partitioning:

In-Memory Data Stores: Use in-memory databases

//

Batch Processing: Process data in batches where possible to reduce the overhead of handling multiple individual requests.

Caching: Use local caches like Caffeine or distributed caches like Redis to store frequently accessed data.

Profiling Tools: Use profilers such as VisualVM, YourKit, or Java Flight Recorder (JFR)

Microservices Architecture: Use microservices to break down complex applications into smaller.

///

 Class Loading

Preload Classes: You can load key classes in advance to avoid delays caused by lazy class loading during the first few requests.

Heap Sizing: Ensure the heap size (-Xms and -Xmx) is set correctly to avoid resizing the heap during runtime,

Database Connection Pool: Pre-initialize a database connection pool (e.g., HikariCP, Apache DBCP) so that connections are readily available

SQL Query Caching: If your database or ORM (like Hibernate) uses query caches, run key queries to ensure that the cache is warmed up and execution plans are cached in the database.

Class Data Sharing (CDS): Java provides a Class Data Sharing (CDS) feature that allows the JVM to share class metadata between JVM instances to speed up class loading.

//

 Preloading with Frameworks (Spring Boot Example)

In frameworks like Spring Boot, you can use @PostConstruct to execute code after the application has been initialized, which is a great place to add preloading logic.

 Using Map for Faster Lookups

If you want to be able to quickly look up students by their ID, for example, you can use a Map structure (HashMap or ConcurrentHashMap) that allows O(1) lookup.

Example of an In-Memory Data Map Using HashMap

to create a thread-safe and concurrent version of a HashMap, you can use the ConcurrentHashMap class in Java.

ConcurrentHashMap is a great choice when you need a thread-safe map that supports high concurrency with minimal contention.

Inserting a null Key or Value

If you attempt to insert a null key or value in a ConcurrentHashMap, a NullPointerException will be thrown.

///

ConcurrentHashMap<Student, Student>: In this example, ConcurrentHashMap is used with Student objects as both keys and values. To use Student as a key, the hashCode() and equals() methods are overridden to ensure correct key lookups.

Thread Safety: ConcurrentHashMap allows multiple threads to access the map concurrently, without needing explicit synchronization, ensuring thread-safe read and write operations.

///

Race conditions occur when multiple threads concurrently modify a shared variable without proper synchronization.

To prevent race conditions, use synchronized blocks or atomic variables like AtomicInteger for thread-safe operations.

Using synchronized Block Without static

In this solution, we create an instance variable I, and use a synchronized block to ensure thread safety. Each thread will still share the same IncrementWithSync object, so the synchronization applies to the object instance.

How the Garbage Collector Works?

Java uses reachability to determine when an object is no longer needed. If an object is no longer referenced (reachable) from any live thread, it becomes eligible for garbage collection.

Root Sources of Object References (GC Roots):

Local variables on the stack.

Active threads.

Static fields.

JNI (Java Native Interface) references.

When objects are used as keys in hash-based collections (e.g., HashMap, HashSet), the hashCode() method is used to determine the object's bucket, and equals() is used to check whether the two objects are logically equivalent.

///

[govindhtech]

Guide To Python NumPy and SciPy In Multithreading In Python

An Easy Guide to Multithreading in Python

Python is a strong language, particularly for developing AI and machine learning applications. However, CPython, the programming language’s original, reference implementation and byte-code interpreter, lacks multithreading functionality; multithreading and parallel processing need to be enabled from the kernel. Some of the desired multi-core processing is made possible by libraries Python NumPy and SciPy such as NumPy, SciPy, and PyTorch, which use C-based implementations. However, there is a problem known as the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL), which literally “locks” the CPython interpreter to only working on one thread at a time, regardless of whether the interpreter is in a single or multi-threaded environment.

Let’s take a different approach to Python.

The robust libraries and tools that support Intel Distribution of Python, a collection of high-performance packages that optimize underlying instruction sets for Intel architectures, are designed to do this.

For compute-intensive, core Python numerical and scientific packages like NumPy, SciPy, and Numba, the Intel distribution helps developers achieve performance levels that are comparable to those of a C++ program by accelerating math and threading operations using oneAPI libraries while maintaining low Python overheads. This enables fast scaling over a cluster and assists developers in providing highly efficient multithreading, vectorization, and memory management for their applications.

Let’s examine Intel’s strategy for enhancing Python parallelism and composability in more detail, as well as how it might speed up your AI/ML workflows.

Parallelism in Nests: Python NumPy and SciPy

Python libraries called Python NumPy and SciPy were created especially for scientific computing and numerical processing, respectively.

Exposing parallelism on all conceivable levels of a program for example, by parallelizing the outermost loops or by utilizing various functional or pipeline sorts of parallelism on the application level is one workaround to enable multithreading/parallelism in Python scripts. This parallelism can be accomplished with the use of libraries like Dask, Joblib, and the included multiprocessing module mproc (with its ThreadPool class).

Data-parallelism can be performed with Python modules like Python NumPy and SciPy, which can then be accelerated with an efficient math library like the Intel oneAPI Math Kernel Library (oneMKL). This is because massive data processing requires a lot of processing. Using various threading runtimes, oneMKL is multi-threaded. An environment variable called MKL_THREADING_LAYER can be used to adjust the threading layer.

As a result, a code structure known as nested parallelism is created, in which a parallel section calls a function that in turn calls another parallel region. Since serial sections that is, regions that cannot execute in parallel and synchronization latencies are typically inevitable in Python NumPy and SciPy based systems, this parallelism-within-parallelism is an effective technique to minimize or hide them.

Going One Step Further: Numba

Despite offering extensive mathematical and data-focused accelerations through C-extensions, Python NumPy and SciPy remain a fixed set of mathematical tools accelerated through C-extensions. If non-standard math is required, a developer should not expect it to operate at the same speed as C-extensions. Here’s where Numba can work really well.

OneTBB

Based on LLVM, Numba functions as a “Just-In-Time” (JIT) compiler. It aims to reduce the performance difference between Python and compiled, statically typed languages such as C and C++. Additionally, it supports a variety of threading runtimes, including workqueue, OpenMP, and Intel oneAPI Threading Building Blocks (oneTBB). To match these three runtimes, there are three integrated threading layers. The only threading layer installed by default is workqueue; however, other threading layers can be added with ease using conda commands (e.g., $ conda install tbb).

The environment variable NUMBA_THREADING_LAYER can be used to set the threading layer. It is vital to know that there are two ways to choose this threading layer: either choose a layer that is generally safe under different types of parallel processing, or specify the desired threading layer name (e.g., tbb) explicitly.

Composability of Threading

The efficiency or efficacy of co-existing multi-threaded components depends on an application’s or component’s threading composability. A component that is “perfectly composable” would operate without compromising the effectiveness of other components in the system or its own efficiency.

In order to achieve a completely composable threading system, care must be taken to prevent over-subscription, which means making sure that no parallel region of code or component can require a certain number of threads to run (this is known as “mandatory” parallelism).

An alternative would be to implement a type of “optional” parallelism in which a work scheduler determines at the user level which thread(s) the components should be mapped to while automating the coordination of tasks among components and parallel regions. Naturally, the efficiency of the scheduler’s threading model must be better than the high-performance libraries’ integrated scheme since it is sharing a single thread-pool to arrange the program’s components and libraries around. The efficiency is lost otherwise.

Intel’s Strategy for Parallelism and Composability

Threading composability is more readily attained when oneTBB is used as the work scheduler. OneTBB is an open-source, cross-platform C++ library that was created with threading composability and optional/nested parallelism in mind. It allows for multi-core parallel processing.

An experimental module that enables threading composability across several libraries unlocks the potential for multi-threaded speed benefits in Python and was included in the oneTBB version released at the time of writing. As was previously mentioned, the scheduler’s improved threads allocation is what causes the acceleration.

The ThreadPool for Python standard is replaced by the Pool class in oneTBB. Additionally, the thread pool is activated across modules without requiring any code modifications thanks to the use of monkey patching, which allows an object to be dynamically replaced or updated during runtime. Additionally, oneTBB replaces oneMKL by turning on its own threading layer, which allows it to automatically provide composable parallelism when using calls from the Python NumPy and SciPy libraries.

See the code samples from the following composability demo, which is conducted on a system with MKL-enabled NumPy, TBB, and symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) modules and their accompanying IPython kernels installed, to examine the extent to which nested parallelism can enhance performance. Python is a feature-rich command-shell interface that supports a variety of programming languages and interactive computing. To get a quantifiable performance comparison, the demonstration was executed using the Jupyter Notebook extension.

import NumPy as np from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool pool = ThreadPool(10)

The aforementioned cell must be executed again each time the kernel in the Jupyter menu is changed in order to build the ThreadPool and provide the runtime outcomes listed below.

The following code, which runs the identical line for each of the three trials, is used with the default Python kernel:

%timeit pool.map(np.linalg.qr, [np.random.random((256, 256)) for i in range(10)])

This approach can be used to get the eigenvalues of a matrix using the standard Python kernel. Runtime is significantly improved up to an order of magnitude when the Python-m SMP kernel is enabled. Applying the Python-m TBB kernel yields even more improvements.

OneTBB’s dynamic task scheduler, which most effectively manages code where the innermost parallel sections cannot fully utilize the system’s CPU and where there may be a variable amount of work to be done, yields the best performance for this composability example. Although the SMP technique is still quite effective, it usually performs best in situations when workloads are more evenly distributed and the loads of all workers in the outermost regions are generally identical.

In summary, utilizing multithreading can speed up AI/ML workflows

The effectiveness of Python programs with an AI and machine learning focus can be increased in a variety of ways. Using multithreading and multiprocessing effectively will remain one of the most important ways to push AI/ML software development workflows to their limits.

Read more on Govindhtech.com

[tpointtech12]

Exploring the Benefits of Java Map

Exploring the Benefits of Java Map reveals its significant advantages, particularly with hashmap java. Java Map efficiently stores key-value pairs, ensuring fast data retrieval, unique keys, and easy integration into programs.

Implementations like `HashMap` offer constant-time performance for basic operations, enhancing application speed. Versatile and memory-efficient, Java Map simplifies data management in various real-world applications such as caching and configuration management.

For a detailed understanding of hashmap java, resources like TpointTech provide comprehensive tutorials and examples, making it easier for developers to leverage Java Map's full potential.

Efficient Data Retrieval

One of the primary benefits of using Java Map is its efficient data retrieval capability. Maps allow you to store data in key-value pairs, where each key is unique. This structure enables fast retrieval of values based on their keys, often in constant time, O(1), using hash-based implementations like HashMap. This efficiency is crucial for applications that require quick access to data, such as caching mechanisms and real-time data processing systems.

No Duplicate Keys

In Java Map, each key must be unique, which ensures that there are no duplicate keys in the collection. This feature is particularly useful when you need to maintain a unique set of identifiers and their associated values. For instance, in a database application, you can use a map to store user IDs and their corresponding information, ensuring that each user ID is unique.

Versatile Implementations

Java provides several implementations of the Map interface, each with its own strengths and use cases. The most commonly used implementations include:

HashMap: Offers constant-time performance for basic operations and is not synchronized, making it faster but not thread-safe.

LinkedHashMap: Maintains the insertion order of elements, making it useful for applications that require ordered iterations.

TreeMap: Implements the NavigableMap interface and ensures that the keys are sorted according to their natural order or a specified comparator, making it suitable for applications that require sorted data.

ConcurrentHashMap: Provides a thread-safe alternative to HashMap with improved concurrency, making it ideal for multithreaded applications.

This versatility allows developers to choose the most appropriate implementation based on their specific requirements.

Easy to Use

Java Maps are easy to use and integrate into your programs. The standard methods provided by the Map interface, such as put(), get(), remove(), and containsKey(), make it straightforward to perform common operations. Additionally, the enhanced for loop and the entrySet() method allow for easy iteration over the map's entries, simplifying the process of traversing and manipulating key-value pairs.

Memory Efficiency

Maps can be more memory-efficient compared to other data structures, especially when dealing with large datasets. By using keys to access values directly, you avoid the need for complex searching algorithms, which can save both time and memory. Implementations like HashMap use hash codes to distribute entries evenly across buckets, minimizing the likelihood of collisions and reducing the overhead associated with handling them.

Improved Code Readability

Using a Map can significantly improve the readability of your code. By clearly defining the relationship between keys and values, you make your data structures more intuitive and easier to understand. This clarity is particularly beneficial in large codebases, where maintaining readability and simplicity is crucial for effective collaboration and maintenance.

Real-World Applications

Java Maps are widely used in real-world applications across various domains. Some common use cases include:

Caching: Storing frequently accessed data for quick retrieval.

Database indexing: Mapping primary keys to database records.

Configuration management: Storing application settings and configurations.

Associative arrays: Implementing dictionaries or lookup tables.

Conclusion

Java Map, particularly the `HashMap`, offers an efficient and versatile way to manage key-value pairs, making it an essential tool for Java developers.

Its ability to provide fast data retrieval, ensure unique keys, and support various implementations makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, from caching to database indexing.

The ease of use and memory efficiency further enhance its appeal, contributing to improved code readability and maintainability. For a deeper understanding of `hashmap java`, exploring resources like TpointTech can provide valuable insights and practical examples.

[research02]

Enhancing Application Performance with Java Multithreading

Introduction: In today's fast-paced digital world, optimizing application performance is crucial for delivering a seamless user experience. Java multithreading is a powerful technique that enables developers to improve application performance by executing multiple tasks concurrently. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the fundamentals of Java multithreading, its benefits, implementation strategies, and the importance of Java training courses in mastering this advanced programming concept.

Understanding Java Multithreading: Java multithreading is a programming technique that allows multiple threads to execute concurrently within a single Java application. A thread is a lightweight process that can perform tasks independently of other threads. By utilizing multithreading, developers can take advantage of modern multicore processors to execute tasks in parallel, thereby improving the overall performance and responsiveness of the application.

Benefits of Java Multithreading:

Improved Responsiveness: Multithreading allows applications to remain responsive even when executing CPU-intensive tasks. By offloading tasks to separate threads, the main application thread remains available to handle user interactions, resulting in a smoother user experience.

Enhanced Performance: Multithreading can significantly improve the performance of applications by leveraging the computational power of multicore processors. Tasks can be executed concurrently, leading to faster execution times and reduced latency.

Resource Utilization: Multithreading enables better utilization of system resources by maximizing CPU usage and reducing idle time. This can lead to more efficient use of hardware resources and improved overall system throughput.

Concurrency Control: Java provides robust mechanisms for synchronizing access to shared resources and coordinating the execution of multiple threads. This allows developers to write thread-safe code and avoid common concurrency issues such as race conditions and deadlocks.

Scalability: Multithreading facilitates the development of scalable applications that can handle increasing workloads by efficiently distributing tasks across multiple threads. This scalability is essential for supporting growing user bases and evolving business requirements.

Implementing Java Multithreading:

Thread Creation: Create and manage threads using Java's built-in Thread class or the Runnable interface.

Synchronization: Use synchronization mechanisms such as synchronized blocks and locks to control access to shared resources and prevent data corruption in multithreaded environments.

Thread Pools: Implement thread pools to manage the lifecycle of threads efficiently and avoid the overhead of thread creation and destruction.

Concurrency Utilities: Leverage Java's concurrency utilities, such as the Executor framework and Concurrent collections, to simplify the development of multithreaded applications and improve performance.

Testing and Debugging: Thoroughly test multithreaded code to identify and resolve concurrency issues, such as race conditions and deadlocks, using tools like Java VisualVM and thread dump analysis.

The Importance of Java Training Courses: Java training courses provide developers with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively utilize multithreading in Java applications. These courses cover essential topics such as thread management, synchronization, concurrency control, and best practices for writing multithreaded code. Additionally, they provide hands-on experience through practical exercises and projects, allowing developers to gain proficiency in implementing multithreading solutions that enhance application performance and scalability.

Conclusion: Java multithreading is a powerful technique for improving application performance, responsiveness, and scalability. By understanding the fundamentals of multithreading and mastering advanced concepts through Java training course, developers can unlock the full potential of Java multithreading to create high-performance and scalable applications that meet the demands of today's digital world.

[udyog-software]

Udyog Software helps Indian businesses of all sizes and industries in Business Automation

Udyog Software stands as the Best ERP software in India that has cornerstone of business automation, empowering businesses across the diverse spectrum of sizes and industries in India. As the undisputed leader in the realm of ERP solutions, Udyog Software doesn’t discriminate — it adapts. Small enterprises, mid-sized companies, and large corporations all find solace in the comprehensive automation capabilities that Udyog Software unfolds.

For small businesses, Udyog Software becomes a catalyst for the Best ERP software in India, streamlining operations, and enhancing efficiency without the need for an extensive workforce. The modular design ensures scalability, allowing businesses to add functionalities as they grow, making it an ideal companion for budding enterprises aiming to scale without constraints.

Mid-sized companies, with their unique challenges of balancing growth and operational complexities, discover in Udyog Software a reliable partner. The software seamlessly integrates into existing systems, automating core processes, and providing real-time insights that foster informed decision-making. In a market as dynamic as India, where agility is key, Udyog Software equips mid-sized businesses with the tools to navigate change swiftly and emerge stronger and become Best ERP software in India.

For large corporations, where the scale of operations demands a robust and flexible ERP solution, Udyog Software stands Best ERP software in India. It doesn’t just automate; it orchestrates. From supply chain management to financial reporting, every facet of large-scale operations finds synchronization through Udyog Software. The result is a well-oiled machine where automation is not just a convenience but a strategic advantage in the competitive Indian business landscape.

In every industry, be it manufacturing, services, or distribution, Udyog Software is the linchpin of business automation with stands as the Best ERP software for manufacturing Industry. It understands that automation isn’t a one-size-fits-all concept; it’s a tailored approach that considers the nuances of each industry. The result is a tapestry of businesses across India, united by the common thread of Udyog Software, the quintessential solution for business automation that transcends boundaries and catalyzes success.

In essence, Udyog Software is not just a provider of automation tools, it’s a transformative force that propels businesses of all sizes and industries into the future of seamless, efficient, and intelligent operations.

[raveenadaha]

Common Issues and Troubleshooting Tips for Shrink Wrapper Machines

Shrink wrapper machines are invaluable tools for various industries, streamlining the packaging process and ensuring products are well-protected and visually appealing. However, like any machinery, shrink wrappers can encounter issues from time to time. Knowing how to identify and troubleshoot these problems is essential for maintaining efficiency and productivity. In this guide, we'll explore some common issues that can occur with shrink wrapper machines and provide practical troubleshooting tips to address them.

Issue 1: Uneven or Wrinkled Shrink Film

Potential Causes:

Incorrect film tension.

Uneven heat distribution.

Film roll misalignment.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Check the film roll alignment and make sure it's properly loaded and threaded.

Adjust the film tension to ensure it's even across the width of the product.

Inspect the heating elements and ensure they are clean and evenly spaced.

Verify that the conveyor speed is consistent to allow for uniform heat application.

Issue 2: Incomplete or Weak Seals

Potential Causes:

Insufficient heat.

Dirty or damaged sealing elements.

Incorrect sealing pressure.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Clean and inspect the sealing elements regularly, removing any film residue or debris.

Ensure that the sealing bar exerts the right amount of pressure on the film. Adjust it as needed.

Check the temperature settings to ensure the sealing bar reaches the appropriate heat level.

Issue 3: Film Jams or Tears

Potential Causes:

Film roll misalignment.

Torn or damaged film.

Film feed issues.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Examine the film roll for any defects or tears. Replace it if necessary.

Check for obstructions or misalignments in the film feed system.

Verify that the film is threading smoothly and evenly through the machine.

Issue 4: Excessive Smoke or Odor

Potential Causes:

Overheating of the film.

Buildup of film residue on heating elements.

Inadequate ventilation.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Ensure proper ventilation in the workspace to dissipate heat and fumes.

Clean the heating elements to remove any film residue.

Adjust the temperature settings to prevent excessive heat.

Issue 5: Products Sticking to Conveyor

Potential Causes:

Insufficient spacing between products.

Conveyor speed mismatch with the sealing and shrinking process.

Incorrect conveyor height.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Maintain adequate spacing between products to prevent them from sticking together.

Adjust the conveyor speed to synchronize with the sealing and shrinking process.

Ensure the conveyor height is set appropriately to avoid product jams.

Issue 6: Excessive Film Usage

Potential Causes:

Incorrect film tension.

Overlapping film during the sealing process.

Film feed system issues.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Adjust the film tension to prevent unnecessary waste.

Ensure that the film is properly aligned during the sealing process to avoid overlaps.

Regularly inspect the film feed system for any jams or misalignments.

Issue 7: Irregular Shrinkage

Potential Causes:

Inconsistent heat distribution.

Variations in film thickness.

Products with varying shapes and sizes.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Check the heating elements for even heat distribution and make adjustments as needed.

Use uniform film thickness whenever possible to achieve consistent shrinkage.

If packaging products with varying shapes and sizes, consider using custom shrink films designed for irregular shapes.

Issue 8: Excessive Downtime or Maintenance

Potential Causes:

Lack of regular maintenance.

Insufficient operator training.

Inadequate spare parts inventory.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Implement a regular maintenance schedule, including cleaning, lubrication, and parts inspection.

Ensure operators are well-trained in machine operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting.

Keep an inventory of essential spare parts to minimize downtime during repairs.

Issue 9: Film Breaks During Shrinkage

Potential Causes:

Film tension too tight.

Insufficient film strength for the application.

Excessive heat during the shrink process.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Adjust the film tension to a level that prevents excessive stretching and breakage.

Ensure that the chosen shrink film is appropriate for the products being packaged.

Monitor and control the heat settings to prevent overheating during the shrinkage process.

Issue 10: Inaccurate Temperature Control

Potential Causes:

Malfunctioning temperature control components.

Incorrectly calibrated temperature settings.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Regularly calibrate temperature controls to ensure accuracy.

Inspect and replace any malfunctioning temperature control components promptly.

Issue 11: Electrical Problems

Potential Causes:

Power surges or fluctuations.

Loose or damaged electrical connections.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Use surge protectors or voltage stabilizers to prevent electrical issues caused by power fluctuations.

Periodically inspect all electrical connections for tightness and damage.

Issue 12: Conveyor Misalignment or Damage

Potential Causes:

Wear and tear on conveyor components.

Accidental damage.

Troubleshooting Tips:

Conduct regular inspections of the conveyor system and address any worn or damaged components.

Ensure that the conveyor is properly aligned to prevent jams and other issues.

Remember that proper training of machine operators is crucial to preventing and addressing these issues effectively. Regular maintenance and adherence to safety guidelines will also contribute to the efficient and trouble-free operation of your shrink wrapper machine.

Conclusion

In conclusion, shrink wrapper machines are essential tools for packaging various products efficiently. While issues can arise, understanding their potential causes and implementing troubleshooting tips can help you maintain the productivity and reliability of your shrink wrapper machine. With the right knowledge and practices, you can address common problems and keep your packaging process running smoothly.