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End-of-life Medical Expenditures in Association of Rurality of China

End-of-life Medical Expenditures in Association of Rurality of China

Association of rurality, type of primary caregiver and place of death with end-of-life medical expenditures among the oldest-old population in China. Explore Further

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Research article overview in layman's terms. This paper examines the trends in medical expenditures associated with the type of primary caregiver and end-of-life (EOL) care location among the oldest-old population in China from 1998-2018. Specifically, it aims to assess the associations between rurality, the type of primary caregiver, place of death and EOL medical expenditures. By understanding these trends, we can inform global debates on policies for efficient and effective EOL care.

China | End-of-life Care | Medical Expenditures | Place of Death | Primary Caregivers" title="End-of-life Medical Expenditures in Association of Rurality of China" srcset="https://www.treebread.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/charity-28.jpg 400w, https://www.treebread.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/charity-28-300x188.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" />

Association of rurality, type of primary caregiver and place of death with end-of-life medical expenditures among the oldest-old population in China

Abstract Medical Expenditures Understanding whether the type of primary caregiver and end-of-life (EOL) care location are associated with EOL medical expenditures is crucial to inform global debates on policies for efficient and effective EOL care. This study aims to assess trends in the type of primary caregiver and place of death stratified by rural-urban status among the oldest-old population from 1998-2018 in China. A secondary objective is to determine the associations between rurality, the type of primary caregiver, place of death and EOL medical expenditures. Methods A total of 20,149 deaths of people aged 80 years or older were derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Cochran-Armitage tests and Cuzick’s tests were used to test trends in the type of primary caregiver and place of death over time, respectively. Tobit models were used to estimate the marginal associations of rurality, type of primary caregiver, and place of death with EOL medical expenditures because CLHLS sets 100,000 Chinese yuan (approximately US$15,286) as the upper limit of the outcome variable. Results Of the 20,149 oldest-old people, the median age at death was 97 years old, 12,490 (weighted, 58.6%, hereafter) were female, and 8,235 lived in urban areas. From 1998-2018, the prevalence of informal caregivers significantly increased from 94.3% to 96.2%, and home death significantly increased from 86.0% to 89.5%. The proportion of people receiving help from informal caregivers significantly increased in urban decedents (16.5%) but decreased in rural decedents (-4.0%), while home death rates significantly increased among both urban (15.3%) and rural (1.8%) decedents. In the adjusted models, rural decedents spent less than urban decedents did (marginal difference : $-229 ). Those who died in hospitals spent more than those who died at home ($798 ). No difference in medical expenditures by type of primary caregiver was observed. Conclusions Over the past two decades, the increases in informal caregiver utilization and home deaths were unequal, leading to substantially higher EOL medical expenditures among urban decedents and deceased individuals who died at hospitals than among their counterparts who lived in rural areas and died at home. Authors Zhong Li, Peiyin Hung, Kewei Shi, You Fu, Dongfu Qian Journal International Journal for Equity in Health Published Date 2023-01-03 Keywords China | End-of-life Care | Medical Expenditures | Place of Death | Primary Caregivers Download PDF DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01813-2 Go to DOI Page

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Sounds like Orc mischief to me! They come with fire, they come with axes! Gnawing, biting, breaking, hacking, burning! Destroyers and usurpers! Curse them!

- Treebeard, LOTR (Tolkien)

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JRRT leaning on CS Lewis' tits like "Oh Treebread, we're really in it now..."

I have a very rough idea in my head that I don't think I can clearly articulate beyond "And that concludes tonight's reports on German air forc—WHAT'S THIS? IT'S KING ARTHUR WITH A STEEL CHAIR"

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Me thinking why the hell would give Faramir's name from all his friends (Boromir or others from the fellowship or other friends he made in Gondor or not even Treebread) and who's very still alive and there's only one explanation in my head and it's not in the least straight and I'm screaming internally and I swear if I find Tolkien in afterlife I'm gonna scream him for this and many many other things

Most heart-warming fact I recently discovered was that Pippin named his first born son Faramir Took.

YES!!!! Anon!!! He sure did and it’s so WHOLESOME!!! Let’s just cry together about how soft this is.