*breathes in. Breathes out.*
✨️Vacuum Decay✨️
My favourite theory about the end of the universe.
It's clean, efficient & quick.
Hopefully, you all know the Higgs field.
The Higgs field is a scalar (spin-0) field that interacts with almost all standard model particles. The strength of this interaction determines the mass of the particle.
You can imagine that the Higgs field is a viscous structure of nature that slows particles down (preventing them from travelling at the speed of light), effectively giving them a mass.
The reason why this Higgs mechanism works lies in the so-called 'Mexican Hat potential' of the Higgs field.
The ground state of the Higgs field is not at the centre of the potential but reaches its minimum at non-zero field values.
Like an electric field, the Higgs field varies in strength, based on its potential.
Think of it as a track on which a ball is rolling.
The higher it is on the track, the more energy the ball has.
Quantum fields are the fundamental building blocks of the universe.
Every kind of particle, e.g. a photon or an electron, is really just a local manifestation of an underlying field.
That field soaks all of space & time & the way those fields interact & communicate with each other makes up the forces and physics of our existence.
That existence is based on four fundamental forces: gravity, the weak force, electromagnetism & the strong force, which were united in the beginning but underwent transitions, which made them split apart one by one.
The last phase transition occurred when the electromagnetic force split from the weak force. That splitting gave rise to the photon and the W & Z bosons, the carriers of those two forces.
The Higgs field is what separated the electromagnetic force from the weak force & what maintains that split today.
Without the Higgs boson, those forces would merge right back together, which would have not so great consequences (perhaps)
The Higgs potential determines whether the universe is in one of two states:
a true vacuum
a false vacuum.
A true vacuum is the stable, lowest-energy state, like sitting still on a valley floor.
A false vacuum is like being nestled in a divot in the valley wall – a little push could easily send you tumbling (which would change the potential energy state: higher or lower)
A universe in a false vacuum state is called metastable because it’s not actively decaying (rolling), but it’s not exactly stable either.
Such a drastic change or hop between energy states can happen in two ways:
If you create a high enough energy event, you theoretically can push a tiny region of the universe from the false vacuum into the true vacuum, creating a bubble of true vacuum that will then expand in all directions at the speed of light - with horrifying consequences.
In quantum physics, it's possible that a particle ‘tunnels’ through a barrier between one region & another & this also applies to the vacuum state. A universe that is sitting quite happily in the false vacuum could, via random quantum fluctuations, suddenly find part of itself in the true vacuum, causing the same disaster described in 1.
The walls of the created true vacuum bubble would expand in all directions at the speed of light.
You wouldn’t see it coming. ;)
The walls can contain a huge amount of energy, so you might be incinerated as the bubble wall ploughed through you.
Different vacuum states have different constants of nature, so the basic structure of matter might also be disastrously altered.
But hey, it could be even worse: in 1980, theoretical physicists Sidney Coleman & Frank De Luccia calculated for the first time that any bubble of true vacuum would immediately suffer total gravitational collapse - which also means death.
If the universe is indeed metastable, such a transition could occur through quantum processes at any time.
But it probably won’t – the lifetime of a metastable universe is predicted to be much longer than the current age of the universe.
Have a wonderful artistic interpretation of the Higgs field:
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I love the strange and the weird and the Too Much. Please. Please be a freak. Be a weirdo. I don’t mean cross boundaries or be mean or whatever. I mean you should Kiss your computer on the mouths. Eat your guitars. Tell me about how you want to swim in music and touch it with your hands and gather it in your palms. Show me the wretched little creatures that you see yourselves in, or maybe just love to study like bugs under a microscope. Tell me your favorite bugs!! Tell me what angels are!!! Or what video game means so much to you!!! Never be afraid of being too much of yourself around me because, and I mean this in the kindest way possible, I want to study you. I want to study every single person I have ever come across.
I fucking love humans and all the indescribable experiences and I love how alien and animalistic and mechanical and freaky you all are.
Let me open you up and see what’s inside. Please.
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did yall know that sea spiders arent actually spiders? (its debated on whether or not theyre even arachnids!) theyre pycnogonids and theyre super weird (in a great way)
they’re like 90% leg, their organs are stored in their legs and the middle part is just a connector for the legs and a place for them to put their proboscis (like a butterfly has!) and a place to put their egg sacs (which they hold using specialized legs called ovigers)
usually sea spiders are pretty small, like at biggest they’ll get the size of your hand, but antarctic sea spiders get HUGE and are mesmerizing to watch walk
they can both walk on the sea floor using their long legs, or swim freely in the water with this weird... idk even know how to explain it just look
look at them!! wtf are u doing king. i love you so much
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