#One-way hash

[govindhtech]

Cryptography’s three primary categories

Cryptography, from the Greek words meaning “hidden writing,” encrypts sent data so only the intended recipient can read it. Applications for cryptography are numerous. Cryptography is essential to our digital world and protects sensitive data from hackers and other cybercriminals, from WhatsApp’s end-to-end message authentication to legal form digital signatures to cryptocurrency mining’s CPU-draining ciphers.

One of the first cryptologists was Julius Caesar. Modern cryptosystems are more advanced yet work similarly. Most cryptosystems start with plaintext, which is encrypted into ciphertext using one or more encryption keys. The recipient receives this ciphertext. If the ciphertext is intercepted and the encryption algorithm is strong, unauthorized eavesdroppers cannot break the code. The targeted receiver can simply decipher the text with the correct decryption key.

Let’s start with robust cryptography frameworks’ key features:

Confidentiality: Only the intended recipient can access encrypted information.

Integrity: Encrypted data cannot be altered in storage or transit between sender and receiver without detection.

Non-repudiation: Encrypted information cannot be denied transmission.

Authentication: Sender, receiver, and information origin and destination are verified.

Key management: Data encryption and decryption keys (and related duties like key length, distribution, generation, rotation, etc.) are secure.

Three encryption types

Hybrid systems like SSL exist, although most encryption methods are symmetric, asymmetric, or hash functions.

Key symmetric cryptography

Symmetric key encryption, also known as private key cryptography, secret key cryptography, or single key encryption, employs one key for encryption and decryption. These systems need users to share a private key. Private keys can be shared by a private courier, secured line, or Diffie-Hellman key agreement.

Two types of symmetric key algorithms:

Block cipher: The method works on a fixed-size data block. If the block size is 8, eight bytes of plaintext are encrypted. Encrypt/decrypt interfaces usually call the low-level cipher function repeatedly for data longer than the block size.

Stream cipher: Stream ciphers convert one bit (or byte) at a time. A stream cipher creates a keystream from a key. The produced keystream is XORed with plaintext.

Symmetrical cryptography examples:

DES: IBM developed the Data Encryption Standard (DES) in the early 1970s. While it is vulnerable to brute force assaults, its architecture remains relevant in modern cryptography. 

Triple DES: By 1999, computing advances made DES unsecure, however the DES cryptosystem built on the original DES basis provides protection that modern machines cannot break.

Blowfish: Bruce Schneer’s 1993 fast, free, public block cipher.

AES: The only publicly available encryption certified by the U.S. National Security Agency for top secret material is AES.

Asymmetric-key cryptography

One secret and one public key are used in asymmetric encryption. This is why these algorithms are called public key algorithms. Although one key is publicly available, only the intended recipient’s private key may decrypt a message, making public key cryptography more secure than symmetric encryption.

Examples of asymmetrical cryptography:

RSA: Founded in 1977 by Rivest, Shamier, and Adleman, the RSA algorithm is one of the oldest public key cryptosystems for secure data transfer.

ECC: ECC is a sophisticated kind of asymmetric encryption that uses elliptic curve algebraic structures to create very strong cryptographic keys.

One-way hash

Cryptographic hash algorithms convert variable-length input strings into fixed-length digests. The input is plaintext, and the output hash is cipher. Good hash functions for practical applications satisfy the following:

Collision-resistant: A new hash is generated anytime any data is updated, ensuring data integrity.

One-way: The function is irreversible. Thus, a digest cannot be traced back to its source, assuring data security.

Because hash algorithms directly encrypt data without keys, they create powerful cryptosystems. Plaintext is its own key.

Consider the security risk of a bank password database. Anyone with bank computer access, authorized or illegal, may see every password. To protect data, banks and other companies encrypt passwords into a hash value and save only that value in their database. Without the password, the hash value cannot be broken.

Future of cryptography

A quantum cryptography

Technological advances and more complex cyberattacks drive cryptography to evolve. Quantum cryptography, or quantum encryption, uses quantum physics’ natural and immutable laws to securely encrypt and transfer data for cybersecurity. Quantum encryption, albeit still developing, could be unhackable and more secure than earlier cryptographic systems.

Post-quantum crypto

Post-quantum cryptographic methods use mathematical cryptography to generate quantum computer-proof encryption, unlike quantum cryptography, which uses natural rules of physics. Quantum computing, a fast-growing discipline of computer science, might exponentially enhance processing power, dwarfing even the fastest super computers. Although theoretical, prototypes suggest that quantum computers might breach even the most secure public key cryptography schemes in 10 to 50 years.

NIST states that post-quantum cryptography (PQC) aims to “develop cryptographic systems that are secure against both quantum and classical computers, and [that] can interoperate with existing communications protocols and networks.”

The six main quantum-safe cryptography fields are:

Lattice-based crypto

Multivariate crypto

Cryptography using hashes

Code-based cryptography

Cryptography using isogeny

Key symmetry quantum resistance

IBM cryptography helps organizations protect crucial data

IBM cryptography solutions offer crypto agility, quantum-safety, and robust governance and risk policies through technology, consulting, systems integration, and managed security. End-to-end encryption tailored to your business needs protects data and mainframes with symmetric, asymmetric, hash, and other cryptography.

Read more on Govindhtech.com

[reallilystuff]

they call me two the way i be timing

(ooooooo you want to listen to Honey I'm Home by Ghost and Pals sooooo badly..... charon and norman skin for two time and azure when?)

ref below cut you know the drill

dude. I wanna draw them and azure as the Matryoshka PV so badly. .... but also I wanna draw Elliot as Skeleton Orchestra and Lilia because there's literally an emote for thst ingame......oughhhhhh........

[gaywineauntsstuff]

saw someone said dick should apologize to jason in the comics for having putting him in arkham

i am sorry i think the f*ck not 😭 like i love jason as much as the next guy dmw but come on guys

“Jason was in Arkham”

“Dick wanted to put Tim in Arkham”

I sincerely apologize to my whump friends but I fear yall don’t know Jason Todd’s game

First let’s not talk about the fact the only person Dick put in Arkham who was miserable was himself. We aren’t gonna talk about it. Or the Arkham reform thing he was doing a the time or the other 600 things that were going on

Hell I won’t even talk about what Jason did in blackgate (WHWRE HE WAS INITIALLY) b4 he killed a hundred people to end up in Arkham we don’t need to talk about it

I won’t talk about the menace that is the hottest version of red head Jason Todd okay we have, as a society moved past that.

But genuinely for a second can you imagine that conversation

Dick guilt ridden: Jason, I- I owe and apology

Jason cleaning his crowbar: ….

Dick: I never should’ve put you in Arkham I’m so sorry being near the joker-

Jason: was literally part of the whole plan? Why the hell do you think I TRIED to get into it

Dick: exactly! I shouldn’t have indulged your worst impulses, fuck I should’ve brought you home or kept you with a league member

Jason: I would’ve killed Tim and kidnapped Damian to use as a barter tool with Ra’s Al Ghul. You know this. I need you to tell me that you know this

Dick: fuck Jay you were nineteen! That’s basically a fucking child

Jason: I’m so sorry weren’t you ENGAGED TO BE MARRIED AT 19? Didn’t you run the league for a couple months at 18? Do you think you could do more than I could at 19 dickface.

Dick: No Jason you don’t understand-

Jason: oh perfect Grayson just because I chose to become a crime lord and YOU decided to do the cringe fail hero gig. Which was really. Cringe and fail since it’s so obvious you either wanted to be dead or a supervillain

Dick: wha-that’s not true!

Jason: sure sure go say hi to Donna Troy’s grave for me

Dick:…..

Jason: ANYWAY just because I spent my teenage years outside of spandex building a criminal empire DOESNT MAKE IT LESS IMPRESSIVE THAN YOUR STUPID TITANS GROUP R I C H A R D

Dick quietly: I’mstillsorry

Jason: well im not sorry for the fact i strung you and damain up nude to reveal your identities, im also not sorry for stealing your suit and killing people in it, while we’re on that topic im also not sorry for STEALING BRUCES SUIT, im not sorry for beating tim up that shit was funny as fuck and I’m also not sorry for laughing when bludhaven blew up.

Dick: ….

Jason: so shut your fucking ass up talking about ‘oh I’m so sorry Jason’ like we didn’t spend the past decade trying to ruin each others lives

Dick: I NEVER TRIED TO RUIN YOUR LIFE

Jason: MY LIFES DREAM WAS MURDER ERGO YOU NOT LETTING ME DO THAT RUINED IT.

Jason: we WERE assholes to each other past tense and I will 100% be taking advantage of your raging guilt complex to pretend those things are equivalent to each other and now that we are all happy family bygones will be bygones whatever I can fully abuse you to get out of league level shit.

Jason: anyway what are you gonna do next? apologize to Tim for Red Robin

Dick guiltily: he’s the next stop

Jason: omg your actually doing an apology tour

Dick: I FEEL BAD OKAY

Jason: dude you know what I’ll indulge you, go try and apologize to Tim but when he LAUGHS you out of the room for being a fucking dumbass I’ll be there with popcorn

Dick grumbling: Steph accepted my apology to HER

Jason: yeah because everyone in this family was a dick to Steph and she deserved better.

Dick: yeah she was a phenomenal batgirl i wish we worked together more now that she’s spoiler

Jason: did she really hit Tim in the face with a brick

Dick: yep

[jeonstellate]

currently preoccupied with writing kimi räikkönen’s pov on the ghost of monza (+ curating the summary/preview for the next btpa fic), but i can’t get this idea out of my head (𖦹ᯅ𖦹)

it’s not even a new idea, iirc i put it in the back-burner last year/two years ago. it just fits really well with f1, so it has been plaguing me for the last week—

for a (hopefully) peace of mind, here’s the general premise of that idea:

Following the multiverse theory, this specific universe lives in numbers. Not countdowns of steps nor time until soulmates find each other, but rather of the instances they’ll unknowingly pass each other by.

Soulmates can be regulars at the same coffee shop — always there around the same time — without knowing their other half is literally just a few tables over the entire time. They can be office/school mates who are vaguely aware of each other, with no reason to know one another beforehand.

Hell, they can even know each other for years — as friends or acquaintances — and the countdowns on their wrists will stay the same until one passes the other by on the street without knowing. They can also be exes, with the same scenario but heavier disbelief in the realization.

Either way, it makes entertaining stories.

In this universe, the most common numbers range from one (1) to ten (10). A small subset has eleven (11) to twenty-five (25). An even smaller subset count for the remaining two-digit numbers. The smallest subset — the rarest — has starting numbers with three digits.

And, of course, YN belongs to the latter category with their staggering 153.

And if that wasn’t enough tough luck, that number is what they were born with. As in, their countdown has never moved. Not even once.

Until they went to watch a grand prix in person, that is. Because, all of a sudden, their seemingly permanent 153 has been lowered by 62 into a meek two-digit number. 91.

There had been 62 laps in the grand prix they just came from, including the formation lap. Which means logically, YN’s soulmate can only be out there in the circuit track — passing the grandstand they were on at every lap.

YN just doesn’t know which driver.

[shredsandpatches]

I was looking for something completely unrelated on my work computer (in the folder where I keep screenshots of cool manuscript images) and this was in there with the file name "yes" but I have no idea anymore who wrote it or what the name of the article is

(idk if I, in my personal capacity as someone whose answer to questions about religious belief makes Goethe's Faust look cohesive, or the play actually concludes that salvation definitely, "inexorably" requires the absolute negation of the self, but it's something that I absolutely understand being afraid of and have, in fact, been afraid of from time to time. It's the same reason that the question of "why doesn't he just repent" feels so off the mark to me. In the end it's not a play about evil so much as it is a play about doubt)

[ohhgingersnaps]

forcing ava to relive the Down Bad At First Sight trope every time i write a new fic: hehehehe YES

experiencing it myself: wait. wait no hang on—

[dykedvonte]

If Ulysses has a million haters, then I'm one of them. If Ulysses has one hater, then I'm THAT ONE. If Ulysses has no haters, that means I'm dead. If the world is with Ulysses than I’m against the world.

[allastoredeer]

I discovered Just kiss Already after you uploaded part 3 and I have a question. So Part 1 is 1 chapter, Part 2 is 2 chapters, Part 3 is 3 chapters. When you say your writing "the next fic" do you mean like ALL of Part 4, which you then break down into chapters before you upload them or do you upload chapters individually as you complete them?

The fics themselves aren't so much chapters as they are a serialized collection of fanfics that have an overarching plot.

The reason I'm writing "Just Kiss Already" as a series instead of a multi-chaptered fic is because each fic has its own little mini plot inside it. Each of them are a mini story that's gradually building up the larger story at play.

I'm also keeping it as a series because I go back and forth between POV's a lot. Hopping between POV's in a multi-chaptered fic can work, but I usually like keeping them contained to a single POV. It makes it easier on me and the reader, so I don't have to clarify which character we'll be following in each chapter.

It's a collection of stories that are all linked together, kind of like a TV show, but you can totally view them as parts too.

"De-Lovely" is part 1 , "Holy Suffering" is part 2, and "Damage Control," is part 3.

I've actually split up the entire plot of "Just Kiss Already" into three different arcs (or three seasons if the TV analogy helped), each with their own theme. But I shall not tell you what they are, because that would be spoilers 😈

Sometimes, I don't intend for the fic to be split into multiple chapters, but if it gets bigger than I expected, I break it up because it's easier on me when I get to the editing stage. Editing one large chapter is so much harder than editing a couple small ones 😅

I hope you're enjoying the series! I'm very excited to get into the juicer bits of the story 😏

[cosmik-homo]

i mean part of the issue w the whole Virtue Is Only Virtue In Extremis thing- other than holy shit. holy shit. VIRTUE ETHIC? fine use the word but are you actually going to be working on a framework of Good person Defined By Good Traits / Bad Person Defined By Bad Traits? with her???? are you NUTS- anyways OTHER than that, it's like. girl what are you doing. baby steps. She is NOT at "how do i make choices truly motivated only by the wellbeing of others" she's at, like. I think step one is somewhere along the line of "y'know most people Will Not react to vulnerability by killing you with hammers and rocks and such right. right. like. i know a lot about helping people and usually when you ask for help people help you rather than killing you with knives. yeah that was just our teachers and peers growing up. sorry. Yeahhh striking first doesn't make you Safer it just makes you, like, more disliked, by people."

[madigoround]

There’s a popular ship from a tv show that had an episode Thursday night in which the characters from the ship were fighting and I’ve seen a lot of praise from people who ship them saying things like clearly they’re in love and just lashing out at each other or how can they not see they’re in love and genuinely I’m concerned for the content of what you’re willing to accept in your personal relationships. Of course this is a tv show and these characters are not real but if you’re seeing an argument where one of the characters is screaming mean things at another getting in their face to the point of near violence and you think that is in any way romantic you need to evaluate that before you get into a relationship because it will become what you are willing to accept from yourself or others as proof of love

[indigo6f00ff]

had fun in my first therapy appointment today

[alex-just-vibing]

i need more piercings

[tanicus-caesareth]

guarana drama, damage control

[free-luigi-mangione]

also tiktokers please make this letter at least semi viral please 🥺

[crickets-everywhere]

So i drew everyone in the my party lined up (and height accurate)

None of the players have tumblr except @eefanator who plays Izar so credit for that design goes to him.

[burinazar]

……

i…………feel bad about………something. the same thing as earlier. ugghh I hate how much this bugs me