#6. How to configure trunk port

[lovehomedecorideas-blog]

How to decorate your home creatively?

Imagination is as valuable as a big budget when it comes to transforming your home. Besides, you've likely accumulated enough accessories over the years to fill a shop—buying any more would only contribute to clutter. "All the visual chaos is stressful and distracting," says Lauri Ward, home design expert and author of Use What You Have Decorating. So step one is to clear as many surfaces as possible. And once you do, steal these no-cost tips to dress up every room.

1. Turn a stool into a side table.

Re purpose a seat into a handy stand, perfect for pulling up alongside a sofa or easy chair. Try one on its own, or cluster a few (even varied heights work). And remember less is more: Allow the rest of the room to be basic—try an unadorned table and sparsely decorated walls—so the quirky chairs stand out.

living room sets under $500 https://www.justdiydecor.com/livingroom-decor-ideas/top-5-living-room-furniture-sets-under-500/

2. Change your chairs.

Matching dining sets can feel humdrum over time. Trade a couple of seats from the kitchen with ones in the dining room. Place them at the head or center of the table so the effect looks intentional.

3. Take advantage of open shelves.

Pull out your pretty pitchers or patterned plates and arrange them to be admired.

4. Rearrange lamps and shades.

Swap a bedside lamp with one from your desk or the living room, or simply switch the shades for a different look.

5. Redo a whole room.

Play around with your furniture configuration—reposition a sofa, rotate a rug, or try dividing the room with an open-backed bookcase or storage unit. Leave sections of the shelf empty to let light through.

6. Think creatively.

Use a glass jar as a vase, group ottomans as a coffee table, or try a pretty basket to hold a plain planter.

lighting ideas for living room with no ceiling light https://www.justdiydecor.com/livingroom-decor-ideas/top-8-lighting-ideas-for-living-room-with-no-ceiling-light/

7. Style your bookshelf.

Since messy shelves can make an entire room look disorganized, pretty yours up. The foolproof way: Arrange hardcover books from tallest to shortest on most shelves. Lay a few too-tall books (or any other books) flat to serve as bookends to keep the others in place. "Add decorative items such as pottery or framed photos to one or two shelves," says Ward. "You don't want accessories on every shelf or it appears cluttered." Use baskets or boxes to hide unattractive DVDs or paperbacks (or stash these elsewhere). Leave empty space on some shelves here and there so the eye has a place to rest.

8. Create visual symmetry.

You likely buy decorating items as matching duos, and that's smart: Pairs add balance and tranquility to a room, says Ward. But if you don't have two of a kind, make dissimilar items look more alike. For instance, place a shorter lamp on a book stack to coordinate with a taller lamp. Or use pieces of comparable height and size, such as a small trunk and an end table, to flank a chair.

minimalist bedroom on a budget https://www.justdiydecor.com/bedroom-decor-ideas/minimalist-bedroom-ideas-on-a-budget/

9. Bring outdoor furnishings inside.

Wicker, wrought iron and decorative aluminum furniture can create a garden-, coastal-, beach- or cottage-themed space inside. "By using my favorite outdoor accessories indoors, I get to enjoy them year-round instead of for a few short months," says Emma Kippen of Dennis Port, MA. Bonus: Outdoor furniture is easy to clean and nearly indestructible. Bring in sisal rugs, baker's racks and plant stands too; they're just as functional and attractive indoors as they are out.

10. Arrange unique tablescapes.

Design mini-vignettes on tables, mantels or buffets with keepsakes, from china to figurines. "There's no point in keeping interesting items if no one ever sees them," says Ward. Group similar objects, such as mercury glass or colored bottles, together; single items often get lost among other elements in a room. Stack some pieces at different heights on top of books or a wooden box. Or use a decorative tray or trivet to pull together items to make them appear as a collection.

11. Go natural.

"I love to decorate with items I find in my own yard or while on vacation," says Sherry Mathews of St. Petersburg, FL. "One of my favorite displays is a large piece of driftwood in a shadow box." Other ideas: Line the mantel with large, smooth river rocks. Fill a clear, lidded storage container with tiny stones or shells to make bookends. Display a bird's nest as part of a tablescape. Tie together long, slender tree branches and lean against the walls in a corner. Fill a hurricane glass with dried moss, acorns or seedpods.

12. Pull from other rooms.

You hardly ever use that large platter, so rescue it from storage and hang it on the living room wall. Draft your soup tureen into service as an accent piece in the family room. Or use ceramic garden pots or pretty teacups to corral soaps and cotton balls in your bathroom or earrings on your bedroom dresser. Doilies or decorative tablecloths can be draped over curtain rods as no-sew window dressings. A seldom-used ice bucket or log carrier can hold hand towels in the guest bath.

13. Design a gallery.

Everybody knows you can cover a wall with family photos or artwork, but what else can you group to make a statement? "Use what makes you feel happy in your space," suggests Ward, but make each gallery feel unified by sticking to a single theme. For example, hang wire and rattan baskets or postcards on the dining room wall. Display cooking tools such as antique egg beaters, a Bundt pan, cookie cutters or whisks on the kitchen wall. Tack up a few pretty but never-used placemats one under another in a column to span a vertical space. Space them equally and go for symmetry.

urban kitchen decor https://www.justdiydecor.com/kitchen-decor-ideas/10-urban-kitchen-drawer-storage-ideas/

14. Reuse holiday decor.

Why bury traditions in the closet 11 months out of every year? "I keep our artificial Christmas tree up year-round and decorate it with seasonal accents," says Teri Gay of Charlton, NY. "It's a way to simplify because I never have to take it down, and we celebrate each season with garlands of red hearts for Valentine's Day, shamrocks for St. Patrick's Day, leaves for autumn and so on." Or use Easter baskets to hold fruit on your table. After Halloween, scoop out whole pumpkins to use as vases for floral displays (slip a glass bowl inside to hold water).

15. Rotate and rearrange accessories.

"When you live with something a long time, you don't see it anymore," says Ward. So put it away for a little while and fall in love with it again when you take it back out. Or swap out items, such as pillows and throws, from one room to another to change up the look. Also, move around small pieces of furniture within a room. For example, slide two end tables together to make a coffee table or use a small chest as an end table. You won't believe how different a room can look with the very same things in them.

[dexterbenson-blog]

Cisco CCNA Security 210-260 Certification Exam Details

Cisco 210-260 certifications are globally accepted and add significant value to your IT professional. The certification offers you a serious knowledge of each of the workings with the network models and also the devices that are utilized from it. NWexam.com is proud to offer for you the ideal Cisco Exam Guides. 

The Cisco 210-260 Exam is challenging, and thorough preparation is important for achievement. This cert guide was created to enable you to plan the CCNA Security certification exam. Its content has an in depth list of the individuals covered around the Professional exam. The following tips for your IINS might help make suggestions with the study process for the certification.

To have Implementing Cisco Network Security certification, you need to pass IINS 210-260 exam. This exam is produced remembering the input of pros in the market and reveals how Cisco products are found in organizations around the globe. 210-260 Implementing Cisco Network Security Exam Summary

? Exam Name: Implementing Cisco Network Security ? Exam Code: 210-260 ? Exam Price: $300 (USD) ? Duration: 90 mins ? Number of Questions: 60-70 ? Passing Score: Variable (750-850 / 1000 Approx.) 210-260 Exam Guide: ? How I pass Cisco 400-201 Certification in first attempt? ? How to arrange for 400-201 exam on CCIE Supplier Topics covered in the CCNA Security 210-260 Exam [1]. Security Concepts (12%)

1 Common security principles a) Describe confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) b) Describe SIEM technology c) Identify common security terms d) Identify common network security zones 2 Common security threats a) Identify common network attacks b) Describe social engineering c) Identify malware d) Classify the vectors of internet data loss/exfiltration 3 Cryptography concepts a) Describe key exchange b) Describe hash algorithm c) Assess symmetric and asymmetric encryption d) Describe digital signatures, certificates, and PKI 4 Describe network topologies a) Campus area network (CAN) b) Cloud, wide area network (WAN) c) Data center d) Small office/home office (SOHO) e) Network to protect an on-line environment

[2]. Secure Access (14%) 1 Secure management a) Compare in-band and out-of band b) Configure secure network management c) Configure and verify secure access through SNMP v3 using an ACL d) Configure and verify security for NTP e) Use SCP for file transfer 2 AAA concepts a) Describe RADIUS and TACACS+ technologies b) Configure administrative access on a Cisco router using TACACS+ c) Verify connectivity on a Cisco router to a TACACS+ server d) Explain the combination of Active Directory with AAA e) Describe authentication and authorization using ACS and ISE 3 802.1X authentication a) Identify the functions 802.1X components 4 BYOD a) Describe the BYOD architecture framework b) Describe the function of mobile phone management (MDM)

[3]. VPN (17%)

1 VPN concepts a) Describe IPsec protocols and delivery modes (IKE, ESP, AH, tunnel mode, transport mode) b) Describe hairpinning, split tunneling, always-on, NAT traversal 2 Remote access VPN a) Implement basic clientless SSL VPN using ASDM b) Verify clientless connection c) Implement basic AnyConnect SSL VPN using ASDM d) Verify AnyConnect connection e) Identify endpoint posture assessment 3 Site-to-site VPN a) Implement an IPsec site-to-site VPN with pre-shared key authentication on Cisco routers and ASA firewalls b) Verify an IPsec site-to-site VPN [4]. Secure Routing and Switching (18%)

1 Security on Cisco routers a) Configure multiple privilege levels b) Configure Cisco IOS role-based CLI access c) Implement Cisco IOS resilient configuration 2 Securing routing protocols a) Implement routing update authentication on OSPF 3 Securing the control plane a) Explain the function of control plane policing 4 Common Layer 2 attacks a) Describe STP attacks b) Describe ARP spoofing c) Describe MAC spoofing d) Describe CAM table (MAC address table) overflows e) Describe CDP/LLDP reconnaissance f) Describe VLAN hopping g) Describe DHCP spoofing 5 Mitigation procedures a) Implement DHCP snooping b) Implement Dynamic ARP Inspection c) Implement port security d) Describe BPDU guard, root guard, loop guard e) Verify mitigation procedures 6 VLAN security a) Describe the protection implications of the PVLAN b) Describe the security implications of your native VLAN

[5]. Cisco Firewall Technologies (18%)

1 Describe operational strengths and weaknesses of the different firewall technologies a) Proxy firewalls b) Application firewall c) Personal firewall 2 Compare stateful vs. stateless firewalls a) Operations b) Function of hawaii table 3 Implement NAT on Cisco ASA 9.x a) Static b) Dynamic c) PAT d) Policy NAT e) Verify NAT operations 4 Implement zone-based firewall a) Zone to zone b) Self zone 5 Firewall features on the Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) 9.x a) Configure ASA access management b) Configure security access policies c) Configure Cisco ASA interface security levels d) Configure default Cisco Modular Policy Framework (MPF) e) Describe modes of deployment (routed firewall, transparent firewall) f) Describe types of implementing high availability g) Describe security contexts h) Describe firewall services

[6]. IPS (9%)

1 Describe IPS deployment considerations a) Network-based IPS vs. host-based IPS b) Modes of deployment (inline, promiscuous - SPAN, tap) c) Placement (positioning with the IPS inside the network) d) False positives, false negatives, true positives, true negatives 2 Describe IPS technologies a) Rules/signatures b) Detection/signature engines c) Trigger actions/responses (drop, reset, block, alert, monitor/log, shun) d) Blacklist (static and dynamic) [7]. Content and Endpoint Security (12%)

1 Describe mitigation technology for email-based threats a) SPAM filtering, anti-malware filtering, DLP, blacklisting, email encryption 2 Describe mitigation technology for web-based threats a) Local and cloud-based web proxies b) Blacklisting, URL filtering, malware scanning, URL categorization, web application filtering, TLS/SSL decryption 3 Describe mitigation technology for endpoint threats a) Anti-virus/anti-malware b) Personal firewall/HIPS c) Hardware/software encryption of local data

What type of questions is on the Cisco 210-260 exams? ? Single answer multiple choice ? Multiple answer multiple choice ? Drag and Drop (DND) ? Router Simulation ? Testlet CCNA Security 210-260 Practice Exam Questions. Grab an awareness from these Cisco 210-260 sample questions and boost your 210-260 exam preparation towards attaining an Implementing Cisco Network Security Certification. Answering these sample questions is likely to make informed about the types of questions you can anticipate for the actual exam. Doing practice with CCNA Security IINS questions and answers ahead of the exam wherever possible is the key to passing the Cisco 210-260 certification exam.

210-260 Implementing Cisco Network Security Sample Questions:-

01. Which type of traffic inspection uses pattern matching? a) Signature-based inspection b) Statistical anomaly detection c) Protocol verification d) Policy-based inspection Answer: a

02. Which from the following authentication mechanisms can be used with SNMP version 3? (Choose two) a) AES b) MD5 c) 3DES d) SHA Answer: b, d

03. Is there a most typical type of spoofing? a) Application spoofing b) Service spoofing c) DHCP spoofing d) Ip spoofing e) MAC address spoofing Answer: d 04. Which option mitigates VLAN Hopping and Double-tagging VLAN Hopping Attacks? a) Ensuring that the native VLAN in the trunk ports differs from the native VLAN in the user ports b) Making sure that the native VLAN with the trunk ports is the same as the native VLAN from the user ports c) Setting a corner port to “off.” d) Enabling auto trunking negotiations. Answer: a

05. The kind of attack is prevented if you configure Secure Shell (SSH)? a) DoS session spoofing b) Man-in-the-middle attack c) Dictionary attack d) Buffer overflow Answer: b

06. Which in the following is not part of an IKE Phase 2 process? a) Main mode b) Specifying a hash (HMAC) c) Running DH (PFS) d) Negotiating the transform set to utilize Answer: a

07. What are three key features of URL filtering? (Choose three) a) Predefined URL categories b) Malware protection c) Custom URL categories d) Dynamic content analysis Answer: a, c, d 08. What sort of VPN technologies are apt to be employed in a site-to-site VPN? a) SSL b) TLS c) HTTPS d) IPsec Answer: d

09. Which two statements are true of the present threatscape? (Choose two) a) We now have marketplace is the only industry that is certainly exempt from attack. b) The threat landscape is actually evolving. c) Due to recent improvements in security technology, password attacks not play a significant role in the threatscape. d) It is so complex that it must be impossible to catalog in its entirety. Answer: b, d

10. Which three statements are true about firewalls? (Choose three) a) If your system in a security zone is compromised, a firewall can help offer the attack within that zone. b) A firewall can prevent undesired access to a network security zone. c) Modern firewalls give you a complete network security solution. d) Firewalls typically will protect you between and within network security zones. e) A firewall can introduce a performance bottleneck. Answer: a, b, e

For more information about CCNA Security (210-260 IINS) go to see this useful web portal.

[tapatapreview]

How Future of the Technology will affect us, Inventions, Top Tech Jobs in Future

Do You Know? Future of Technology is rising day by day. Businesses today aren’t defined by the extent of their capital, but more by what they do with the latest technology they are using to make it happen. The right technology choices are now one of the business management’s highest priorities.

This is because technological solutions can deliver operational advantages far beyond just IT infrastructure to bring about impact beyond just financial efficiency. These benefits can be seen at work in other industries, including healthcare, retail, transportation, manufacturing, and energy. In all of these industries, the ability to apply the latest technology is a key to success.

Future of the Technology – New Inventions

One area that will undoubtedly witness an increased focus on the future of the technology industry in the field of robotics. This field is currently experiencing rapid growth and will continue to do so in the future with great strides. The key to being successful will likely be the combination of cutting-edge technologies and the implementation of an integrated and reliable robotics strategy.

Robotic automation is a critical component of this strategy. It will provide the businesses that make use of it with the ability to implement the most effective strategy, while at the same time maintaining productivity and profitability. For robotic automation to succeed, a company will need to take several critical steps forward.

1. Robotics – Key Factors of Its Growth

The necessary first step is to look for robotic automation solutions that will be able to perform specific functions within a manufacturing environment. A company should investigate both low-cost and high-end robotic automation solutions to select a platform that is both cost-effective and efficient.

The next step should be to choose a manufacturing system for the future of technology that can handle all the tasks associated with robotics automation. In other words, the system must be able to handle all of the aspects of robotics, including sensors, controllers, programs, firmware, and software. The entire operation must be organized and configured to make the best use of the technology that it will utilize. The goal is to ensure that all of the functions of the manufacturing plant can be efficiently handled by a single, scalable system.

Finally, the manufacturing plant must also be able to effectively integrate robotics systems. This involves designing processes that will allow the robotic automation process to function seamlessly with the operations, tools, and products being produced at the plant. The goal is to ensure that the entire operations are completely integrated. As a result, the entire operation will run smoothly, ensuring that the best possible results are achieved.

Low cost. Robotics has proven to be an extremely cost-effective method of producing goods and services. A manufacturing plant that uses robotic automation to handle all of its manufacturing operations can expect to incur significant cost savings over the life of the production line.

2. Sweat Powered SmartWatches

The Sweat powered Smartwatches are already simulated today. Even we, humans, have been experiencing the future right now. We have heard about Artificial Intelligence and how it is becoming more advanced day by day. The concept of self-healing, materials that turn into flexible, and the ability to sense light has long been around for centuries.Portable Port Solar Charger

If you go back in history, you will be amazed at how far ahead of humans have traveled since the start of time. Now we can make an artificially intelligent machine that will work as hard as our body does. Sweat powered Smartwatches-Futures are here! They are here now and they will be here in the future. It all begins with the technology we put together in the future.

It is a great idea to think about the future of technology. It will help us figure out what will happen in the future and what can be done about it. If you want to start living in the future, I would suggest to have a look on upcoming Sweat Powered Smartwatches.

3. Portable Port Solar Charger

With the increasing popularity of solar power, the port solar charger is becoming an important piece of equipment for many of the people who live near the sea. If you do not have a boat and if you are in an area where there is some kind of saltwater intrusion, then you might want to consider getting a portable solar charging system. There are several reasons why you should get one. This will allow you to get back and forth to work without any problems at all.

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In addition to the ability to charge your phone regularly, the port solar charger allows you to charge the batteries when you are traveling and you do not have access to an electrical outlet. This is especially helpful in places where you may experience intermittent power outages. You can also use it to recharge the batteries in your cell phone and make sure that you always have enough power for when you need it most. If you travel frequently, you should look into getting a portable solar charger. It will not only help to reduce your monthly electric bills, but it can save you thousands of dollars every year by allowing you to carry less power around with you.

There are many different companies that sell portable port solar chargers. You can purchase one online and get one in just a few days. There are many different brands as well and you can choose one that fits your needs perfectly.

4. Cell Phone And Bluetooth Headset In One Device

Many people do not realize that the Cell Phone and Bluetooth Headset in One Device (Cell Phone and Bluetooth Headset) is a great invention that has helped consumers keep their hands free while driving. Many of the drivers around the world today have cell phones and Bluetooth headsets that are building for them specifically to help them while driving. These devices have many advantages over the traditional drivers that use handheld cell phones and a headset. Below we will explain the benefits of using this type of device.

While driving you can reach a lot of places with just a cell phone and a headset. You can read emails, make calls, listen to music, surf the internet, and even take pictures. It is a great experience for anyone to be able to keep their hands free so they can do these things while behind the wheel. These devices are designed to be placed inside of your vehicle and have a long cord that goes through the vehicle to connect to the battery.

There are many advantages to using a cell phone and Bluetooth headset in one device. Not only does the phone go in the trunk or glove box without taking out the traditional cell phone charger, but it is also much easier to get a hold of a cell phone if you have a car that has a Bluetooth feature. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that works well when trying to talk while driving. Cell phones also come with headsets that make talking on the cell phone easier.

5. Water Saving Shower Curtain

Water saving shower curtain are those curtains that are made to save water and the energy consumption and this is a very important feature of the curtains. The curtains are specially designed to reduce the water wastage in the bathtub, thus this feature can help us to save a huge amount of water every day. In case you are suffering from the problem of water wastage then these curtains can surely help you a lot. These curtains can help you cut the water wastage to almost half of its original level.

There are many factors that contribute to water wastage. Some of these factors include; improper cleaning of the bathroom, failure to wash clothes, not using the right amount of soap and other harsh chemicals etc. But with proper and good water saving shower curtain you can surely prevent the water wastage in your bathroom. These curtains can help you in reducing the total use of water in a day. It can even help you save up to 90 percent of the total water consumption.

Water saving shower curtain come in different types. One of the best types of curtain is the ones that are made from plastic. This type of curtain does not require much cleaning as it is very easy to keep clean. Another important feature of these curtains is that they are quite attractive and they are available in various colors and designs. So if you are suffering from the problem of water wastage, then consider buying the right type of curtains that are water saving so that you can save up a great amount of water every day.

Want to Earn Money from Blogging and earn Lifetime. Check out my step-to-step Guide which I already made earlier.

Now let’s have a look on Best Tech Jobs which will be in high demand in Future.

Top 6 Tech Jobs in Future

1. Data ScientistAverage Salary:

$121,618/yr

If you think that a data scientist is only needed in large enterprises, think again. A Data scientist is a job title that can apply to anyone who performs data analysis. In fact, there are more people working in this position today than ever before. The 15 top technology jobs in the future are listed below. Data scientist, What a data scientist does? A data scientist works on projects that aim to create new tools to collect and analyze data.

Data scientists can perform a number of different analyses and research. They can use these skills to help make decisions that benefit a business. The best technology jobs in the future will be those that involve the use of analytics, statistics, and computing. These skills will be necessary in order to be successful in the competitive field. For this reason, many people are choosing to work as data analysts instead of working in other industries such as manufacturing. There are also several different areas that are being worked in.

2. Artificial Intelligence/Machine LearningAverage Salary:

$141,355/yr

One of the greatest debates in recent years has been whether or not AI / Machine Learning is a real and legitimate threat to humanity. Many scientists and politicians around the world have argued that advances in technology will lead to the eventual destruction of human life due to the advent of A.I. We have all heard of cyber-warfare, nuclear war, cyber terrorism, and other such examples of the danger posed by technology.

Machine Learning has the potential to do much more than simply remove humans from the equation, which is the goal of many artificial intelligence enthusiasts. In fact, with so many advances being made in technology, the field of machine learning can actually replace many human jobs that exist today. This is the reason that the tech jobs in major corporations are investing heavily in the development of artificial intelligence. It may seem like science fiction, but the future holds plenty of promise and even more potential for A.I.

3. Information Security AnalystAverage Salary: $128,420/yr

The field of Information Security has been evolving at a fast rate. In the past few years, there has been tremendous growth in this industry with thousands of new jobs being created every year. The field of Information Security Analyst offers many job opportunities for professionals in the IT field. The most promising and lucrative IT careers in the future is also based on the need to keep information secure from hackers and other threats that can cause significant financial loss and/or damage to an organization or business. The Information Security Analysts must also be able to effectively manage and coordinate the entire security process within an organization or business in order to ensure maximum security while still maintaining productivity and profitability.

Information security analysts organize and implement measures to protect the company’s computer systems and networks. A very defining feature of individuals in this position is adaptability to change since a security breach could take place at any time in an organization. This is why it is vital to continually monitor the security processes in an organization in order to determine whether any changes are necessary. If the current procedures are not sufficient enough to ward off any potential threats or vulnerabilities, then more stringent procedures will have to be put in place. The Information Security Analysts must be well versed with the latest software applications as well as how to implement them to better secure a system.

4. Software EngineerAverage Salary:

$110,071/yr

If you want to be a software engineer, you must be very creative and analytical, have good communication skills and strong problem-solving skills, as well as possess excellent time management abilities and be able to communicate effectively with the other people involved in your project. There are also several other qualities that you should be able to display, depending on the field you choose. The best technology jobs in the future will probably involve computer science graduates, as there is a wide variety of careers available for software engineers, including technical assistants, technical project managers, computer systems analysts, and software developers, among others. As the industry grows and develops, it is likely that there will be many more opportunities for these people to find their own job in the future, so it is very important to ensure that you look into what kind of software engineer jobs in the future when you study this topic.

5. Computer Research ScientistAverage Salary:

$118,370/yr

The responsibilities of a computer research scientist include designing and developing tools and programs for computer applications (computer software). This is another great job in the future of technology. He or she also has the responsibility of maintaining the reliability and the performance of computer systems. Some of the tasks involve researching the various hardware components of computers, determining how to best use those components, testing and optimizing the system’s performance, determining security and network configuration, designing user interfaces, making use of programming languages, debugging, security issues, etc. Other CRS duties will be to implement the ideas into an actual system. It is not uncommon for a researcher to work in collaboration with developers of new technology and other researchers. The CRS should be able to communicate effectively with different people to facilitate a smooth transition of ideas and concepts to working systems.

6. Web Developer Average Salary:

$78,393/yr

A web designer is an expert developer who is not strictly focused on making websites but is specialized in, or is involved in, the creation of Web-based applications that can be accessed by customers through a browser. The basic function of a web designer is to provide services related to developing websites for clients and to provide other Internet marketing tools to their clients. Web developers must possess both programming skills and the creativity to design and develop the website of their choice. Web designers may work with a client-server platform or an online database-based system, and they can also provide technical support to their clients. Web designers may also work independently and may hire freelance designers for additional projects. Web developers generally have various years of experience and training in programming languages such as PHP, MySQL, ASP, and Java, as well as experience with HTML code and CSS style sheets and images.

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officially posted on www.tapatapreview.com

[imprashant92]

Can I use Cisco switch in my home networks?

Much the same as riding a bike, no one's brought into the world knowing how to setup a network switch. 

Furthermore, this procedure is somewhat more progressed than, state, setting up your home Internet or even a plug-and-play type switch. 

Be that as it may, with the correct direction, a can-do mentality, and a scramble of fortitude, even beginner IT experts can coordinate another Cisco switch into their business condition. 

As your virtual preparing wheels, we've separated the undertaking into its least difficult parts so you can effectively make customer VLANS, fabricate DHCP frameworks, and relegate get to ports without cleaning your knees.

Step 1: Inspect your hardware

Check the model number of your sparkling new switchs. Or on the other hand, in the event that you are utilizing an extra, check the device hardware and its connected links of network switch and router for any harms. 

In the case of everything looks at, power on the switch and check that all the marker lights are in working request. Next, utilize a rollover link to support into the switch from your PC. 

To do this, you should download and introduce Putty (or a comparative, fun-named programming apparatus). Run Putty and select the 9600 speed sequential connection.

You are presently connected to the switch and prepared to check the yield of the accompanying orders:

show form

show running-config

show VLAN brief

show VTP status

(config)# IP space name routerfreak.com

(config)# hostname Switch01

(config)# interface VLAN1

(config)# portrayal Management VLAN

(config)# IP address 192.168.101.1 255.255.255.0

vtp [client | worker | transparent]

vtp space name

portrayal *** DESCRIPTION ***

switchport get to vlan ###

sswitchport mode get to

power inline utilization ###

line set 2

mls qos trust dscp

storm-control multicast level 50.00

no cdp enable

crossing tree portfast

crossing tree bpduguard enable

Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1

portrayal *** UPLINK ***

switchport trunk epitome dot1q

switchport mode trunk

speed 1000

duplex full

Switch01(config)# crypto key create rsa

The name for the keys will be:

Switch01.routerfreak.com

What number of pieces in the modulus [512]: 1024

% Generating 1024 piece RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable...[OK]

# line vty 0 4

(config-line)# transport input ssh

(config-line)# login nearby

(config-line)# secret word routerfreak

(config-line)# exit

# line support 0

(config-line)# logging coordinated

(config-line)# login neighborhood

Switch01# administration secret phrase encryption

remote-computer# ssh 192.168..101.1

Sign in as: username

Secret phrase:

Switch01>en

Secret phrase:

Switch01#

For save switches, make a point to erase the flash:vlan.dat record to eradicate the past configuration.

Step 2: Set up the executives IP

Not at all like with that punny name you gave your home Wi-Fi network, when setting up the hostname for your switch you ought to most likely adhere to a more expert and standard naming show. 

Follow any preset naming task your organization is utilizing and afterward allocate an IP address on the administration VLAN. Next, do sure your switch has a set hostname and space name:

Step 3: Check VTP correction number

Hit the show vtp status order to uncover your Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP) correction numbers. The VTP modification numbers figure out which updates are to be utilized in a VTP space. 

At the point when you set a VTP area name, the amendment number is set to zero—after which each change to the VLAN database expands the update number by one. 

Your switch will just process information from a neighboring switch originating from a similar space and if the modification number of the neighboring switch is higher than its own. 

This implies the switches will refresh their VLAN configuration dependent on the VTP data being sent by the switch with the most noteworthy correction number.

Along these lines, before you add your switch to the network, you're going to need to set its amendment number to zero. 

To effortlessly reset the space back to zero, change the config mode to straightforward:

Step 4: Configure get to ports

You may as of now have a format prepared for get to port configuration, however on the off chance that you don't, here are a few orders you should utilize:

Step 5: Configure trunk ports

Enter the order sh int g0/1 capacities and check the trunking protocol supported. On the off chance that ISL is supported, you need to issue the switchport trunk embodiment dot1q on the storage compartment port configuration. 

If not, just sort switchport mode trunk. It implies there is no other embodiment supported so there is no requirement for an epitome order. It just supports 802.1Q.

Step 6: Configure get to ports

After previously performing fundamental network switch configurations, it's an ideal opportunity to create RSA keys to be utilized during the SSH procedure, utilizing the crypto orders shown here:

Pick the size of the key modulus in the scope of 360 to 2048 for your General Purpose Keys. Picking a key modulus more prominent than 512 may take a couple of moments.

Step 7: Set up VTY line config 

In the event that you have not set the support line yet, you can without much of a stretch info these qualities:

Set the enable secret key utilizing the enable mystery secret phrase order. At that point, set the benefit executive secret word with username name benefit 15 mystery secret phrase. Ensure that the secret key encryption administration is actuated.

Check SSH access by composing 'sh ip ssh' to affirm that the SSH is enabled. You would now be able to attempt to sign in from a remote machine to confirm that you can ssh to your Cisco switch.

Final details

You've endured the learning procedure with (ideally) least knocks and wounds, and you're just about prepared to head out. 

All that is left is to test your entrance, reload the switch, and prepared the links. When that is done, name your switch, rack it up, and go appreciate doing whatever doesn't include switch configuration!

[unixcommerce]

Best Small Business Phone Systems for 2020

There’s never been a better time to upgrade your business phone system. People can’t remember their landline number anymore.

That’s why it’s important to pick the best alternative for your business.

The only downside? It can be overwhelming since there are dozens of providers to choose from.

It comes down to finding the best fit for your budget, tech scope, and customer service requirements.

We’ve taken a look at ratings, prices, and popularity of the top small business phone systems. Here’s a look at what each one offers.

Best Small Business Phone Systems

1. Nextiva

Nextiva is an option for businesses of any size looking to improve their customer service. Plus, their phone solutions help to strengthen communication within the office and switch to a unified platform.

Not only that, but Nextiva’s free app allows employees to use business numbers on their devices. This is superb for remote users, and allows them to communicate effectively with their co-workers.

Why Nextiva?

Nextiva helps businesses of all sizes to strengthen their customer service departments. They have access to a top-rated CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system that’s easy-to-use and affordable. Plus, Nextiva can also install live chat on their websites, and create feedback surveys so that your company stays focused on what matters… All of which is explained by paying customers.

Still not convinced? Nextiva has a range of pre-packaged and custom options, such as small business VOIP and integrations with the tools you’re already using. (Plus, you can ditch landlines to make Wi-Fi calls using this technology.)

And if you ever run into a problem, you’re connected with a representative that manages your account. This person lends a helping hand with installation and upgrades. Combine that with the  24-hour line you can contact for help, and it’s a great option for your small business.

To summarize: Nextiva simplifies the way any team communicates by keeping all conversations on one screen. This creates seamless communication and collaboration between team members—and prevents important things from getting lost in translation.

image: Nextiva Pricing and Features

Pricing starts at around $20 and varies by plan. The company’s most popular option is the Office Pro Plus, which includes:

An automated greeting

Conference bridge

Text messagingAccess to the app

All of Nextiva’s basic Office Pro features

Service Highlights:

  Easy installation

  Seamless cloud service

  One screen for communication all in one place

  Professionally recorded greeting

  Live chat software

  Online surveys

  Conference bridge

  Case management software

  Calendars and scheduling

  Mobile App to take calls on mobile devices

  Text messaging

  Free number porting

  Advanced call management

  Unlimited calling

  Local numbers are shown on your Caller ID

  Toll-Free numbers

  Website chats

  Call queueing

Reviews and Ratings

Nextiva has a 4.7 star rating on GetVoIP, with 94% of customers saying they’d recommend Nextiva to a friend.  They rate especially well when it comes to service outages, customer service, and plan variety.

Nextiva provides services for thousands of local restaurants and businesses across the country. Plus, they’ve got big names like Allstate, Burger King, Target, APG, and Suzuki on their customer list.

2. Mitel

Mitel offers a combination of cloud and on-site services. Both of these options give businesses a  way to organize call centers and customer service departments. Mitel also integrates cloud and  VoIP phone systems with traditional telephone service.

Why Mitel?

Mitel is a good solution for companies that need heavy-duty call center services. Why? Because they offer traditional phone system equipment for in-person customer service staff. That equipment is feature-rich and offers web chat integration, universal queuing, and customer call back. Additionally, Mitel works well with many third-party apps.

Pricing and Plans

Mitel offers customizable plans, with prices ranging from about $30 to $55 per user per month. However, there are additional charges for call center agents and supervisors. But installation is free when you buy the equipment.

Highlights and Features:

  Audio conferencing

  Web/Video Conferencing

  Desktop Sharing

  Online Faxing

  Voicemail to text

  Call recording

  Automated greeting

  24/7 Customer service

  Cloud storage services

  Technicians

Ratings and Reviews

Mitel maintains a rating of 3.7 stars on GetVoIP. Customers appreciate the company’s reliability. However, they aren’t impressed with unresolved technical support issues and limited professional services.

They serve businesses of all sizes, such as the Liverpool Football Club, Hyatt, Carlsberg, and the Make-a-Wish foundation.

3. MegaPath

MegaPath offers internet and phone bundles for companies that want everything from a single provider. They’re leaders in on-premises business phone system solutions. In fact, Megapath gives offices high-tech devices, while also giving employees access to their cloud phone systems.

Why MegaPath?

MegaPath provides business phone services along with internet and network security options. The company personalizes plans for specific industries, including:

Healthcare

Insurance

Legal

Real estate

Retail

Food service

Non-profits

MegaPath also offers innovative features like HD Voice, video, and touch screen technology.

Pricing and Plans

Plans start at about $20 per month, with no contract required. They offer a variety of options for businesses of various sizes and industries. There’s also a free trial available.

Service Highlights:

  Hosted PBX

  Data bundles

  Voice/video calls

  Conference calls from any device

  Advanced call analytics

  Integration with popular software like Skype and Outlook

  Call center technology, with call distributing, queuing, and transfer functions

  On-site or remote capabilities

  Internet Faxing

  SIP Trunking

  PRI & analog lines

  Desktop sharing

  Unified communications for teams and departments

  Collaboration and conference tools

Ratings and Reviews

MegaPath has an A+ rating from the BBB and a rating of 4 stars from GetVOIP. They received high marks in customer service, technology, and reliability… Yet just 64% of customers would recommend.

4. OnSIP

OnSIP is a cloud-hosted VoIP system. Its system can be configured and customized without the need for new equipment. It integrates with many third-party apps and provides a straightforward call center experience.

Why OnSIP?

OnSIP works with existing communication systems, so you may not need to upgrade to new equipment. Plus, OnSIP’s customer service team is available to answer questions 24/7.

Prices and Plans

OnSIP’s plans can be priced two ways: By the minute, or by the user. You can even choose an unlimited plan if that fits with your business’s needs. Pricing starts at around $50 per month, but additional per-minute or per-user fees can be added on top. You can also customize plans by adding or subtracting features. A free trial is available.

Highlight features:

  Auto attendants

  Great customer service

  Music on hold channels

  Call recording

  Announcements

  Voicemail to email

  Online call directory

  Mobile VoIP

  Paging

  International dialing (for an extra fee)

  Conference suites

  HD calling

  Call management

Ratings and Reviews

OnSIP has a 98 percent customer service satisfaction rating. It seems like their success is on the rise, achieving a 5 star rating last year (compared to 3 stars in 2017.)

Customers rated them highly for technology, reliability, efficiency, and plan versatility. Users include Mozilla, Tumblr, Disqus, and Cloudera.

5. Ooma

Ooma is an affordable and reliable option for small businesses because they provide a range of products. Rather than paying into tiers of services, companies purchase a hardware adapter, and then spend a low monthly fee for all other services.

As you upgrade features, your Ooma Telo business smartphone kit will be updated automatically. This means you can access new features without switching your technology.

Why Ooma?

Ooma installation is easy because users can keep their original phone numbers. All they need to do is upload files to a cloud system.

They offer essential features, along with reliable service, for businesses that don’t want to pay for an extensive service list. Not only that, but there’s no limit to how many phone lines you can add to your Ooma service.

If that wasn’t enough, Ooma also as a simple web platform. Admins can use this platform to track employees, talk between departments, or answer phone calls and emails from anywhere.  The company is also known for:

Crystal clear calls

A virtual assistant that organizes phone calls and messages

An app that allows you to access (almost) every feature you can get on your computer

Prices and Plans

Ooma’s Telo technology starts at around $200 and includes two extensions. Then monthly plans start at about $20 per user.

Highlights and Features:

Unlimited calling in the U.S., Mexico, and Canada

Low international rates

Free number transfer

One toll-free number

Main company line number

Business modes for open and closed hours

Mobile app

Virtual extensions

Works on multiple devices

Call logs

Extension-to-extension dialing

No hidden costs

Ratings and Reviews

Customers report an easy-to-use interface and enjoy using their auto-attendant features. However, the company has received low marks for its customer service. Some users have also said their options are limited.

6. 8×8

8×8 is a VoIP system known for its reliability and international calling options. The company offers plans for unlimited calling, texting, and faxing. 8×8 also offer international calling to 40 different countries. For that reason, it’s popular with companies that need overseas communication.

Why 8×8?

8×8 are known for their efficiency and 24-hour client support. The configuration manager is known for its ease of use for administrators and employees. And the cloud system allows for global communication and collaboration. Plus, the app is supported by Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android, so you can freely switch between devices.

8×8 will work with your company to connect other apps, programs, and tools and unify them under one platform… So long as you have a complete integration. But what about on-site systems? 8×8 has reasonable prices for their phones and technologies… All of which are capable of supporting full call-centers or office buildings with several departments.

Some of 8×8’s features include:

Highlight Features:

  Unlimited calling

  Mobile app access from any device

  Online call management

  Music on hold

  Business SMS plans

  Instant messaging/chat

  Online contacts and click-to-dial

  Web conferencing

  Internet Faxing

  Call recording

  Inbound call center with call waiting, hold options

  Contact center

  Recording storage

  Analytics and graphical reporting

Ratings and Reviews

8×8 has excellent scores across the board. TechRadar recently gave them a 4.5 star rating.

They serve more than a million businesses worldwide, including McDonald’s, Aon, Shimano, and Mobi.

7. Phone.com

Phone.com offers more than 40 features and competitive pricing. They also have little to no new equipment and simple installation. It’s a great solution for businesses that want a professional appearance but aren’t ready to invest in equipment. Phone.com allows you to customize your automated greeting, and give customers a big company feel… Even if they’re on a small business budget.

Why Phone.com?

Phone.com’s cloud-based system is compatible with most phone systems, so you can use what you already have (or lease IP phones from the company.) Plus, you can choose from an unlimited plan or a per-minute plan to suit the needs of your business.

Pricing and Packages

Phone.com offers basic packages starting at around $15 per month. Its most popular plan is about $20 per month. Customers can also customize plans to save money or gain extra features. And there’s a discount for customers that pay annually.

Highlight Features:

  Bulk number porting

  Call handling rules

  Account management

  Fax from phone or internet

  Automated greetings

  HIPAA compliance

  Instant setup

  Business SMS

  U.S. based customer support

  HD audio and video

  Hold music

  International calling

  Android and iOS apps

  Local numbers

  In-call features

  Toll-free numbers

  Voice tagging

Ratings and Reviews

Phone.com is rated highly for their management options, reliability, call center capabilities, and responsive customer service. They have an A+ rating from the BBB and have successfully resolved most public complaints. However, they don’t rate well when it comes to collaboration and productivity features.

8. BroadVoice

BroadVoice is a cloud-based subscription service that caters to inter-company collaboration as well as client communications. Their technology auto-updates, so you don’t have to purchase a new phone system to keep up.

BroadVoice is one of the most reliable and security-focused companies. That makes it a great option for businesses that handle online transactions; client information stays protected.

image: Broadvoice Why BroadVoice?

BroadVoice has extensive inter-office features that boost productivity and collaboration among team members. The range of services available makes it a good choice for companies with high inbound call rates or several departments. They also have few outages and service interruptions.

Pricing and Plans

BroadVoice starts at around $10 per user per month. The most popular plan starts at around $25 per user per month. BroadVoice also offers moderately priced equipment for on-site services.

Highlight Features:

  Call catch

  Call forwarding

  Call hold

  Automated communicator

  Hot desking or hoteling

  Intercom systems

  Multiple device extensions

  One number

  Paging

  Call recording

  SMS

  Unlimited domestic calling

  Virtual Fax

  Local numbers

Ratings and Reviews

Broadvoice has a rating between 4 and 4.5 stars across several platforms. They have a B- rating from the BBB. Concerns include upfront costs and inefficient customer service. But users tend to appreciate their high tech cloud services and productivity features.

9. Avaya

Small and large businesses alike benefit from the functions and features offered by Avaya. They have more than 700 services, making them one of the most sophisticated options.

Why Avaya?

Avaya is well suited for mid-sized companies that need sophisticated VoIP systems. Why? Because they have more than 700 communication services.

For example: You can talk to a representative that can help create a personalized system that allows you to manage your business better.

Avaya offers 24/7 customer service and setup support. The interface is a little more complicated than most companies on this list, but this is mostly because of the variety of services offered. To make up for that, Avaya trains all employees to use their system once it’s installed. Adapting to their system isn’t entirely painless, but once your company is set up, you can expect reliable service at a flat rate.

Pricing and Plans

Avaya is very customizable, so pricing depends on your company’s needs. There’s also the initial hardware installation, which requires a one-time purchase of the phones and headsets Avaya works with. There is standard pricing for Avaya’s cloud unification services, with three plans to choose from. Those range from about $20 to $35 per month.

Feature Highlights:

  Intuitive admin portal

  Streamlined mobile and desktop apps with a softphone

  Contact center apps

  Analytics and reporting

  Advanced routing

  Workforce optimization

  Self-service options

  Cloud services

  Consulting

  Solution design and integration

  Conferencing

  HD voice and video

Ratings and Reviews

Users rate Avaya between 4.5 and 5 stars across multiple platforms. Gartner rates them 4.2 stars.

But despite their advanced features, some users had technical queries when figuring out the platform. Others have also suggested that some elements were difficult to use. Avaya’s customers said they had excellent customer relations, reliability, and useful features.

Methodology 

We compiled information from:

Reliable tech service websites

The Better Business Bureau

Consumer Affairs

Business website

To figure out which companies topped the list, we looked at:

Pricing and Total Costs — It’s important to look at all the details. Some companies have hidden fees, or charge more for services than they advertise. Plus, some providers charge extra for new phones and equipment. These costs should be factored into the total cost of a system.

Types of Business Phone Plans — Unlimited, monthly, per-minute, per-user, or custom-made plans are available. Not all types of programs are compatible with every kind of business. Small businesses don’t want to pay for extra features that they don’t use. Large enterprises need more than just the standard packaging. We’ve outlined the types of plans each top company offers.

Ratings and Reviews — The fun doesn’t stop once products are installed and your VoIP technology gets updated. It’s vital that service stays stable, problems are addressed, and rates stay the same. It’s important to read through positive and negative reviews to see what the potential problems are — and determine whether your business can handle them.

Ease-of-Use — To run efficiently, most enterprises need an easy-to-use system. We looked at how long installation and integration take, as well as the simplicity of each platform. Reviews from the App Store give details for each company’s mobile app capabilities. This helps you to find a provider that supplies technology you can use.

Technological Capabilities — Technology is growing fast. You might not even be sure exactly what services your business needs. That’s why we’ve broken down each company by the types of services and capabilities they provide.

Customer Service History — We looked at ratings with the Better Business Bureau and Consumer Affairs to determine any outstanding red flags. We picked the companies that have the best scores across the board–even from official agencies.

Finding the Best Services

Nextiva, Mitel, MegaPath, OnSip, Ooma, 8×8, Phone.com, BroadVoice, and Avaya are the top choices to explore. It’s not just their popularity; ratings and combination of capabilities and services are all taken into consideration.

We also looked at their reputations, as well as their integration into the small business world. Both of these make them worthwhile choices in the industry.

Regardless of which you choose, all companies have more than four stars from real-life users. Minor differences aside, they’re all top contenders for all small businesses nationwide.

We used trustworthy websites, such as:

GetVoip.com

SoftwareAdvice.com

PCMag.com

Business.com

… to find the business phone systems that customers are sticking to.

Choosing the Best Service

We figured out the ins and outs of each provider so that your business can find the option best-suited to your employees and customers.

We took the highest rated companies and figured out what they’re best (and worst) at. You can use the answers to judge which is most compatible with what you’re looking for.

Researching Each Business Phone Service

We also looked at official reports from the Better Business Bureau and the Consumer Affairs department. This made sure we were working with accurate information. We considered:

Ratings

Complaints

Average reported response times

Fees and costs

The conclusions we’ve drawn are an accurate reflection of their services. The goal? To help small business owners sift through the technical details of business phone systems.

Choosing Between Different Phone Systems for Small Businesses

The technology you choose can have a massive impact on the way you do business. The options we’ve shared work whether you want to update outdated communication methods, or simply look more professional.

The right service can do wonders for your business. Why? Because you could increase your customer service output and employee productivity… All while reducing your overall costs.

Growing companies need systems that will grow with them as they hire more employees, open more locations, and expand internationally. Before settling on a company, figure out the type of phone system your workplace needs.

Landlines are Dying

Businesses have depended on the copper wires of landlines for centuries. The last two decades have entirely revolutionized these systems. Few companies are sticking with landline solutions in 2019. Sure, landline phone systems are known for their reliability. But business is increasingly done online. You can save time, money, and provide better features for your customers by switching to a digital system.

Landlines are still used across some office buildings for their security and conference features. But today’s cloud and VoIP equipment make it easier to communicate between offices.  And if that wasn’t impressive enough, you can record automated greetings. This makes your central call service centers cost-effective as you save on salaries and other overhead costs.

Plus, it’s more and more difficult to find technicians that work with analog systems. Finding an IT professional can be difficult and pricey. (This is why telephone companies are shifting their focus from analog to cloud.) As a result, technicians are more capable of solving problems for advanced systems.

VoIP Services for Businesses

VoIP technology works with existing phone lines and high-speed internet connection. You can:

Use video and phone conferencing services

Connect to other departments

Store documents

Keep track of incoming and outgoing phone calls

You can also get services like voicemail to text or email, internet faxing, and chat options for your website, Each of these optimize customer service features.

A VoIP provider allows you to choose your phone number or a toll-free number. This is the same way an old telephone company would. The only difference? The extra internet services. Small businesses rely on VoIP services for automated greetings and a call service center. Both of these organizes phone calls without the need for extra staff members. A professional calling system gives your business a new edge… And customers will take notice.

As your business grows, you can still add VoIP services to your plan. A digital process makes it easy to connect with new employees. And most providers allow admins to set up new lines within the system’s portal, so scalability is a significant benefit of VoIP services. Advances in technology make VoIP arrangements easy and fast to set up. So much so, that most interfaces are created with employee usability in mind.

On-Premises Phone Systems

Most companies offer a mixture of cloud and on-premises services. But some companies only offer one or the other. It’s important to know which type of service is best for your industry and call volume.

You need an on-premises system if you’re working in an office or workplace with a team of people. The same applies if you have a large company that makes lots of calls every day. Hybrid options mean you can communicate through an online platform… Rather than relying on out-of-date technology.  Plus, phone and call center systems are updated to tie in with VoIP and cloud services. This means you can expect easy-to-use technology with an on-premises VoIP system.

But what if you’re used to analog phone systems? Interestingly, it’s the most comfortable switch to make. You can use online services like chat, voicemail to email, and internet faxing… And still get the inter-office conference phone system you’re used to. These systems do need regular maintenance and a storage place (usually your office’s server closet.) Plus, you might need IT experts to maintain the system. This depends on how extensive it is.

The bottom line? An on-premise VoIP system is still as secure as a regular analog. All your business’s information is always stored within your physical wall space.

And, unlike cloud systems, your VoIP system is almost impossible to hack. Most companies need to have security certifications to function. But with VOIP, you can rest assured that your company’s information is safe.

Cloud Features for Small Businesses

Businesses are using cloud-hosted phone systems to boost their productivity and efficiency. That’s because cloud systems bring together employees and don’t need much physical equipment (most of the time.)

It’s perfect for businesses that do a lot of outsourcing or work remotely. But cloud systems are taking over traditional offices, too.  By connecting the entire company to one easy-to-use platform, employees can:

Easily access the files they need

Communicate with each other

Organize their phone calls and messages

… All of which means they can provide a service to their clients more effectively.

Your business only needs phones and a reliable internet connection. Your business cloud provider will take care of everything else. Plus, you don’t need a server closet to get started with cloud technology. The provider maintains all the actual equipment. The key is choosing a provider that offers the right amount of bandwidth. It’s also wise to check they’ve got excellent service ratings from other customers.

Service interruptions have always been a worry. But with upgrades in technology, these are becoming less of a nuisance.

This option is great for small businesses because of the low overhead costs. They give businesses the professional organization they need, with consistent monthly fees. The best part? Any company can afford one of the basic packages, at least to get them started on their way to a profitable cloud-based endeavor.

How to Choose the Best Business Phone System for Your Business

Struggling to decide which phone system is best for your business?

The best way is to consider your own needs and make sure your chosen provider offers those services. Sure, there are basic packages and plans. But you’ll have to speak directly to an advisor to get information about customized plans. Knowing what you’re looking for before you call a sales agent at a company will help you choose an ideal service.

Before settling, think about:

Employees — How many employees does your business have? Are they working in a shared space, different offices, or remotely? Do you need the ability to add new workers to the system quickly? Take a look at the company’s app and interface, make sure it’s simple enough for your employees to use. The number of employees and the type of system they can connect to will make a big difference in which service provider to turn to.

Budget — Think about whether you’re ready to buy an entirely new phone system for your office. Some companies only work with specific pieces of equipment, so you’ll have to factor that into your budget. The top 10 companies offer different price points and services. Before you make a final decision, make sure there are no hidden fees or extra services that you’ll need to pay for.

Extras and features — Do you want to keep your office as simple as possible? Or take advantage of the incredible technological advances that VoIP companies offer? You can switch to internet faxing, video-conferencing, or use business SMS to contact your clients. Think about what you’d like your company to have other than the standard attendants and calling capabilities. Many companies allow you to customize plans or add in other features for a certain cost. Knowing these requirements helps in the long run. Why? Because you can make sure your new business phone system can adhere to your needs.

Fine print — Ask questions, and carefully look over any contracts before you sign them. Find out if you’re required to have a yearly contract and when it’s up for renewal so that you avoid extra charges. Ask about termination fees and refund policies. Companies that happily answer those questions and have nothing to hide are going to be your best bet.

Most companies offer friendly service. I if you’re not entirely sure how VoIP works or what features you need, they can explain how their service can benefit you. You should also talk to your IT department and see what they recommend. (These will be the people doing the bulk of the maintenance on your end.)

Ask which IT services each company can offer you in case your service goes down. (You want as much uptime as possible.) Then, talk to your employees and see what services they’d like to increase their efficiency.  Most people have experience with smart technology and know exactly what services are needed to upgrade for a better experience. So, rely on the people around you to help you choose the best possible service.

Most Important Features for SMBs

This list lays out the highlight features of each company. However, they all offer more services than they can list on their websites. The features you’ll need depends on various factors, such as the size of your company, what industry you’re in, and how many customers you have. Make sure that the plan you choose has these essential features as you scan the price list.

Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Systems — This is an automated greeting that your customers will hear as soon as they dial your number. This service can transfer phone calls to the right department, take messages, or put clients on hold. It’s essential to have a professional greeting for all companies, large or small. That’s because they cut the need to hire extra staff to handle the switching. That’s what makes it affordable for start-ups.

Call Queuing — A digitized call queue helps your company provide exceptional customer service. (For that reason, it’s great if you have a call center, or your business is growing and getting more phone calls.)

Some services have features that allow you to track features such as:

The rate of phone calls

What departments clients are contacting

Dropped calls

Don’t leave your customers behind. You can put customers on hold until they can reach an agent. This makes all the difference in the world when it comes to customer satisfaction.

Number Porting — With this, you can take your old number or numbers with you when you switch providers. (The last thing you want to do is disrupt their ability to reach you… Especially if you have lots of customers.) It’s best to pick a provider that has this service. With it,  you can ensure you won’t miss any customer interactions as you make a technological change.

Call Recording — Listening to calls helps several departments. For example, you can improve your services, boost your marketing campaigns, and generate new sales.

Most large companies record phone calls as a way to keep track of their customer service agents. In turn, this makes sure that clients are hanging up happy.

Voicemail to Email — Your employees will love this feature. Granted, it sounds like a small change. But turning voicemail to email increases your company’s efficiency and reduces the risk of missing out on instant business. Most people read emails on their desktop or smartphone. This way, they can see right away when something urgent happens… Rather than waiting to get into the office the next day and listen to their voicemails.

Integration with Third-Party Apps — Most businesses use programs to do the bulk of their work. (Think Outlook, Slack, and Skype.)  This helps you incorporate the applications you already use to streamline your work… Rather than forcing you to switch over to a new system. Most of these companies upload your files to one single system. This means that any employee can easily access the documents they need.

Mobile and Cross-Platform Technology — All of these companies offer a mobile app, which is vital for modern business. Pay attention to the quality of the app and read reviews before settling on a company. But despite those mobile experiences, not every app has the same features as the desktop version. So, make a list of the mobile features you need.   Check it works with Microsoft, iOS, Android, and Apple devices. This makes sure your employees can use it from anywhere.

Business SMS and Internet Faxing — Incorporating text messages into business communications is relatively new. But the best companies are jumping on the opportunity. More people look at their text messages than they do their email. Sso, it’s a lot more likely that your customers will see your text and respond, giving you a new marketing method. Most people also prefer to text their coworkers. A business SMS plan allows you to do that from one business number. Internet faxing is also a must. As you phase out old technology, internet faxing saves your business time and money.

Conference Calling — This is already a standard feature in most office buildings, but VoIP and cloud services makes it much easier. Each employee has access to a virtual conference room where they can invite their own participants. High-tech platforms allow you to click and dial to add users, making it easier than ever to connect teams. If your provider doesn’t have a conference service, there are outside services you can pay for. Most VoIP packages make it so simple to host a conference call that there’s no need to use an external app.

Analytics Tools — For a business with a high call volume, analytics tools break down information. This makes it easier to streamline your company. These reports give you key information, such as:

Which departments are getting the most calls

The length of the call

Other general statistics about phone usage

Management and Admin Features — This allows the right employees to access analytics tools. Plus, they can manage employees, add new lines, integrate employees, create ring groups, and set call forwarding routes. These tools give you control over your business’ communication. Nothing will slip past you!

Earlier, we mentioned how companies offer customizable options. This helps you take advantage of the best tools. Not only that but staying on top of technological developments can push your business forward… And reach your full potential.

These tools improve customer service, streamline tedious tasks, and drop time-wasting technologies… All of which can help your company become the best in its industry.

But the best place to start? By understanding the developments and features that companies are now offering for businesses. Companies that don’t evolve with technology are missing out on amazing features that could expand their business. And, as these companies grow, they’re always adding new features and support systems. You can continue to count on VoIP and cloud services to mature along with you. Why wouldn’t your business want to take advantage of that?

Basic FAQ for Business Phone Systems

What is VoIP?

VoIP is an acronym for Voice Over Internet Protocol, also known as Voice over IP, or IP telephony. It refers to the group of technologies that transfer voice communications (and other multimedia) via the internet.

VoIP is a phone service over the internet. Instead of copper-wire phone calls, VoIP converts analog calls into packets of data. This data then travels over the IP network.

Using VoIP services means you can call cell phones and landlines… Without having to work with a traditional phone company.

Most analog phone companies are on their way out. As a result, more businesses than ever are getting their phone service from a VoIP provider. Why? Because it’s cheaper, and the quality of sound and service is better. Plus, VoIP stores vast systems of data online. This makes it easy to communicate with customers and clients. Switching to VoIP allows your employees to place phone calls from a variety of devices, such as their desktops, laptops, and mobile phones. Most companies have an app available for download. This gives users the opportunity to sync their work across different channels.

VoIP companies have lower rates than traditional phone companies. That’s why many small businesses go for a VoIP connection than anything else. VoIP technologies are affordable. Plus, they give small companies the technology they need to compete against bigger corporations.

VoIP lines can improve the customer service experience for your clients. Not only that, but your employees will appreciate the technology-driven change in the workplace. (Most people use smartphones and computers to do just about anything.) VoIP capabilities give workers a way to deal with formerly time-consuming situations. It’s easier to arrange conference calls, answer voicemails and send faxes.

Some big companies use VoIP services in addition to analog telephone service. But most businesses don’t need both. Plus, most VoIP providers can work with traditional office phones. Some VoIP companies supply you with telephone and internet services.

What is a PBX?

PBX stands for Private Branch Exchange. It’s a private telephone network that’s used by a company to communicate internally and externally, on different channels. (This includes VoIP, analog phones, or online.)A PBX connects different phone numbers under one company line. Most businesses have this system in place.

A PBX unites offices with one phone number, regardless of how many phones are plugging in. This saves money for businesses with dozens of phone lines.

This system has been around for a long time. An analog PBX system has limits, constraining a business to a number of devices or extensions. Offices that need more than what an analog PBX can offer them are turning to VoIP solutions. VoIP providers now can carry limitless lines or allow clients to pay-in per line. These systems make it simple to add a new phone number so that employees can connect right away. A PBX system encompasses modems and fax machines that are related to your business’s phone number.

Besides, more sophisticated PBX systems can give you a variety of features. You can create ring groups, queues, digital receptionists, voicemail services, and analytics tools. But when choosing a phone provider, pay particular attention to PBX security. Most companies have methods of defense, like firewalls like that come installed with the service.

Why is SIP Trunking Important?

Session Initiation Protocol, or SIP, is the process by which voice travels over a VoIP service. It’s the technology that makes your phone calls, text messages and voicemails happen in real-time. (To put simply: It’s the digital version of the way analog telephones worked.) This technology takes care of interoffice communications as well as outside calls.

Companies have used for companies that required several lines. A SIP trunk is the virtual version of a switchboard. A SIP trunk is what connects new phone numbers to your service. This allows all your other lines to make local and long-distance calls from multiple offices at the same time. This helps when an employee picks up the office phone to make a call. That call information goes to an on-site PBX (off-site if you’re using strictly cloud-based services). The PBX system uses SIP trunking to make phone calls via the internet.

Most VoIP business phone systems offer SIP trunking as a part of the package. This system has a setup fee and a monthly cost. But if you use a provider that includes SIP services, you won’t have to pay extra. Some places charge by the meter – every minute counts. This is fine if your small business rarely uses their phone lines. However, companies that have several lines should think about using a service that maintains their SIP trunks.

Using CTI for Small Business

Computer Telephony Integration is any technology that mixes computer and telephone devices. It’s designed to be used in call centers. But most businesses rely on CTI to increase employee productivity.

In a call center, CTI technology gives an agent many different opportunities. For example, they can:

Look up information on the person they’re speaking to

Use phone controls

Transfer phone calls to another department with the click of a button

CTI technology allows office workers to use similar features. They can use click to dial, automated dialing, set up conferences, track IVR, and more.

Does your business had an automated greeting or a central digital call center? You can use CTI tools to:

Use call routine to route calls to the right agent

Log and record calls

Display pending live calls from a queue

Create directories of clients and customers

Any feature that telephoning saves companies time. Plus, they can cut overhead costs, and create a  better internal structure.

Best Business Phone System Summary

For All Businesses: Nextiva

Nextiva gives companies with internal VoIP and cloud-based services. That helps boost business phone capabilities, and strengthen relationships… Purely because they have a new way to organize and reach out to their customers.

The easy-to-use platform gives workplaces a straightforward interface for all their communications. This means your employees can:

Use click-to-dial features

Collaborate efficiently

Use organizational tools (like calendars and appointment scheduling)

The website chat feature gives clients a new way to reach out to their favorite companies. It’s no wonder why customers love it!

For Call Centers and Office Phones: Mitel

Mitel has a combination of cloud and on-premises VoIP systems. That makes them great for a call center or large business that needs:

Reliable technology variety of call center options

Excellent hardware

They integrate with programs most large companies are already using. (Salesforce, for example.) This means your employees can continue to work with the same systems they’re used to.

Companies with lots of calls can rely on Mitel to:

Make sure that customers stay on hold

Get transferred to the right department

Use webchat to solve technical issues

For Big Businesses: MegaPath

Large companies rely on MegaPath to be their sole provider for internet and business phone system features. Why? Because when companies are overwhelmed with options, it’s easier to use MegaPath. That way, you’re billed all at once.

MegaPath has affordable technology that helps companies to go from an analog system to a VoIP system… Without the disruption. They can also use a combination of on-premises and cloud features to do their work. Plus, MegaPath has well-trained technicians to help solve any problems that arise. There’s also a 24-hour help desk that companies can contact if their system goes down.

For Easy Customization: OnSIP

OnSIP is great for small businesses and SMBs, as well as companies that plan on expanding. They have a variety of features that you can turn into a customized plan that suits your needs. You won’t overpay for things you don’t use. OnSIP also has a customer service agent that helps you put together a package. This is a group of functional features that make daily communication tasks easier for employees and customers alike.

To summarize: OnSIP is a superb option for companies that don’t want to buy new technology. It’s also perfect for those who prefer a more modern, cloud-based take on communication.

For Small Offices: Ooma

Ooma’s technology is perfect for small offices that need call centers on-site.

Granted, you will have to pay extra for their base equipment. But it’s still cheaper than most companies. That’s why it serves the needs of small businesses that are ready to expand their communication features.

image: OomaOoma combines digital voice reception technology with important office features. It gives small businesses the chance to create a better customer service experience for their clients. Plus, they’re known for providing exceptional service. Only a few dropped calls sneak in, and there are no interruptions.

For SMBs: 8×8

Their cloud-based network requires no IT department. That makes it a perfect system for small and mid-sized businesses.

Plus, 8×8 are one of the few business phone systems that provide free international calling. And, companies that do business overseas love 8×8’s capabilities and price points.

They have an easy-to-use interface and a customer service team that is available 24-hours a day. It’s no wonder why 8×8 is one of the most popular business phone companies.

For Easy Installation: Phone.com

Phone.com has affordable cloud and VoIP options for businesses of all sizes. However, the best feature of Phone.com is a quick and easy installation. You can start using your services as soon as your company is signed up and the technology is installed. You won’t lose any time as you make a digital switch.

For Comprehensive Service: BroadVoice

Are you tired of service interruptions? Count on BroadVoice to provide a stable network. With global centers, there’s almost no chance your internet will go down. Plus, BroadVoice has some of the most affordable rates for offices with dozens of employees. Plans start at just $10 per line.

BroadVoice has a combination of on-premises, VoIP, and cloud-based systems. That helps keep large enterprises running smoothly.

For Extensive Features: Avaya

Avaya is an excellent solution for SMBs and larger businesses that need a range of services. They offer more than 700 features. This allows Avaya to put together customized plans that combine VoIP and cloud systems… All of which are designed to boost interoffice communications and improve customer service.

Image: Depositphotos.com

This article, “Best Small Business Phone Systems for 2020” was first published on Small Business Trends

https://smallbiztrends.com/

The post Best Small Business Phone Systems for 2020 appeared first on Unix Commerce.

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[passhotdumps]

The Experience Of The CCIE R&S Exam certcollection ccie written

I arrived at Cisco at 7:40 in the morning. I’m on the outside the door of the System building. At the beginning of October, Western Europe was already in the cold winter. The weather was gloomy and the temperature was very low. The other six foreign candidates who accompanied me and I had a long time at the door. I waited for 20 minutes until 8 o'clock, the front desk opened to welcome us and then simply registered after the examiner. Now, a 40-year-old man with half-white hair took us directly to the 4th floor examination room. In the hallway of the examination room, a bunch of new Cisco routers and switches were placed at random, not feeling the money. After arriving at the entrance of the examination room, the examiner briefly introduced the precautions: the mobile electronic watch could not be brought into the examination room. In the process, you can go to the toilet. Coffee. Then he gave each person a test seat that I am the 7th seat.

After sitting down and looking at the questions, I got TS1/D2+/LAB3 and the stone in my heart immediately landed. Because these days. The forum is saying that R&S has changed and a new set of TS and What's broken and there aren't any recent battle reports. Eighty percent are no one dare to test. Honestly speaking before the exam is a panic but it maybe that I am more fortunate that I have not drawn these new questions or the reason why the examination room is not Beijing Hong Kong. Let's just talk about it. Some of them may not be clear today.

TS1

1. SW2's E0/0 port does not release VLAN12, switchport trunk allow vl add 12. After the knocking, the phenomenon will not be immediately released, wait for about 1 minute to appear the correct phenomenon.

2. The ppp chap hostname of R17 is incorrectly configured. After the correction, the phenomenon will appear.

3. R2 OSPF process passive e0/0, no passive phenomenon.

4. The EIGRP question is a bit forgotten, but it should be remembered that it is 2 wrong points. The first one is to have metric weight 0 1 1 1 1 on each device. 1, the second forgot to be equipped with an offset-list on one of the R11-R14 devices. I deleted the offset list directly, and the phenomenon requested by the topic came out.

5. BGP, I remember to check that the first three pictures actually meet the requirements of the title by default. The routing of the fourth picture is a bit problematic and the metric phenomenon of R6 is changed.

6. The IPv6 question is that R25 declares an E0/0 network segment error, deletes the wrong configuration, and the correct announcement appears.

7. The wrong point of DMVPN is the NHRP configuration error of R18. The second requirement is wrong. The S4/0 ACL of R19 does not release esp and the phenomenon after the permit esp any any is released.

8. The fault of MPLS VPN is that R7 and R8 do not deliver default routes. At the same time, E2/0 of R6 is not passive under OSPF process and E0/0.125 of R8 is not doing ip nat. Outside. This problem should be noted that the R7 port shutdown must be verified whether the R8 can implement the bakcup function.

9. This problem is not too much to remember, it may be an ACL configuration problem.

10. NAT configuration error, missing one inside. After the change, the phenomenon will appear.

Overall, the TS test is really simple, and the PASSHOT teacher's solution is all covered, without any problems, very good!

DIAG

Compared with TS and Congfiguration, this part is my most uncertain part because I didn’t sleep well the night before, and the sets of diagnoses are a bit mixed. Fortunately, there is no big problem in the examination room. . But remind everyone that you really want to distinguish between that Set of diagnosis and back cooked.

first question

1. In the 114th message, I saw that there were 114 in the capture package and I chose it directly.

2. I am not sure about this, maybe it is wrong.

3. Select the two packets to be analyzed for further analysis. The answer is SW3-SW1. It’s good to point the circle between the two devices but then I found that when I turned the page and answered the second question, the selected circle was gone, until the last second of the exam, I was still staring at this. See if he will disappear.

Second question

1. 8 choose 4, according to the solution is

2. e sudo poweroff

3.telnet 10.1.1.1 1337 | tclsh this option

CFG

This part is really nothing to say, according to the solution of the PASSHOT teacher, the phenomenon is second out, 4.2 hop limit maximum 2 and R60 no ip The two test sites of proxy-arp are not new, and many of the previous battle reports have been mentioned. And the machine in this examination room is really not at all, it is much more cool than knocking on the simulator, and there will be no ip. Cef bug. Just putty paste to the right and then click on the paste is not very comfortable, but did not care about research, almost it can be.

After the version and diagnosis are finished, you must go back and check the requirements one by one, to prevent subsequent configurations from affecting the previous requirements, and then Every time you complete a requirement, you must write, write, and write each time you complete an instruction. It doesn't matter if you don't write it! After checking the time at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I went back to Germany after taking the train on the end section. The next day (that is, today) at 5 am and 15 hours after the end of the exam, I received a notification from Cisco.

Thank you very much for the guidance of PASSHOT teacher and ccie lab exam teacher's answer my questions patiently. Next year Huawei's IE still have to ask for help! At the same time, I wish you all the best and you will continue to fight. The brothers on the IE battlefield must stick to the end. There are many colleagues and friends around me who are busy with work, or have more things. When they go home, they want to rest and play. Halfway through the way. In fact, CCIE itself is not how difficult it is to have more new exams. I think that most of the tests are your determination and willpower. The test is whether you can endure loneliness and calm down in this complicated world. The goal set at the beginning. You will feel this after the exam is passed. The effort is worth it! Thank you all! Good luck to everyone!

[smoothshift]

Rental Car Review: 2019 Mazda 6 Touring via /r/cars

Rental Car Review: 2019 Mazda 6 Touring

Preface

My S.O. and I got a 2019 Mazda 6 Touring as our rental car during our trip down in Dallas. For some background information, I previously leased a 2016 Mazda 6 Touring so I was already fairly familiar with the car.

When we got to the National Emerald Aisle, much of what was on the lot was standard fare: Camry’s, Altima’s, Sentra’s, Rogue's, and Explorer’s. Most of the other renters were swarming to the SUV’s while the Mazda 6, which was parked out front, was not getting noticed at all. When conducting a walk-around, I found that the Mazda was in extremely good condition for a rental car, and it only had 1100 miles on the odometer. Not seeing anything else interesting, we threw our bags in the trunk and drove off.

Exterior

Looks are subjective, but in my opinion, this is the best looking car in its class. Here are some shots I took: https://imgur.com/a/mtd25Wr

There are two things that I would change.

On the front fascia, there are black accents where fog lights would usually be. These are chrome on the Reserve and Signature trims. I wish Mazda would make these either functional LED strips or fog lights.

The Touring and up trims are hard to distinguish from one another. Perhaps Mazda could give the higher trims different wheels so that they can be differentiated more easily.

Interior

Mazda has been designing very good interiors for a while. I found all trim pieces to fit together well and no rattles were heard during the whole trip. Although the vehicle was still new and low mileage, I can't imagine that it's had a particularly easy life thus far. Furthermore, my 2016's interior already started to creak and rattle at 500 miles on the clock, so this is already an improvement.

Photos: https://imgur.com/a/F4puthE

Powertrain

With the Mazda 6, you have the choice of two engines.

2.5L NA (Naturally Aspirated)

187 hp @ 6000 rpm | 186 lb-ft @ 4000 rpm

2.5T (Turbocharged)

250 hp @ 5000 rpm | 310 lb-ft @ 2000 rpm

Both engines are tied to a 6 speed automatic transmission in front-wheel drive configuration only. The trim you select determines the engine that you get. The 2.5L NA is only for the lowest 2 trims, while the 2.5T is reserved exclusively for the upper 3 trims. No trim gives you the choice of both engines.

The 2.5L NA in the Touring is an absolute gem of an engine. It provides a good amount of low end torque when accelerating from a stop, and paired with a quick shifting 6-speed, it gets up to speed in a reasonable amount of time. Not to mention that the fuel economy is outstanding. On a slightly hilly, 20 mile highway trip at an average speed of 65 mph, the computer logged an average fuel economy of 43.2 mpg. As a reference, the EPA-estimated fuel economy on Mazda's website is 26/35/29 city/highway/combined. This makes me a little sad that Mazda only offers the higher trims with the 2.5T. Not to say that the 2.5T is a bad engine -- just that I didn't once wish for more power during my entire trip. But in order to get nicer features like cooled seats, premium audio, and a HUD, you are forced to get the more powerful but less efficient motor.

Features

The Touring is the 2nd out of 5 trims. In ascending order, the trims are: Sport, Touring, Grand Touring, Grand Touring Reserve, and Signature. Despite being the 2nd from the bottom, I found the Touring to be very well equipped. Below are some notable features:

LED Headlights w/ Self-Leveling

6 way Power Driver Seat

3 Level Heated Front Seats

8 in. Mazda Connect Infotainment w/ 6 Speakers

Apple CarPlay & Android Auto

Color Multi-Information Cluster Display

i-Activesense (Auto High Beams, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Lane Departure Alert w/ Steering Assist, Blind Spot Monitoring, Automatic Emergency Braking, Radar Cruise Control)

Dual-Zone Automatic Climate Control

Sunroof

In terms of the safety systems, I really like Mazda's implementation. The Radar Cruise Control mimics human driving behavior very well. When a vehicle merges into your lane, the system gradually backs off. Additionally, the Lane Departure Alert w/ Steering Assist (LDA) will vibrate the steering wheel when it detects that you're exiting your lane without signaling. Only if it detects very little or no torque applied to the steering wheel, it will steer you back into the lane. This is the first LDA that I've used that acts completely unobtrusively. Most of my experience with ADAS is with Toyota's TSS-P, and that system would jerk the wheel out of your control while emitting an alarming high pitched beep.

Infotainment

The 8 inch display on the Mazda Connect Infotainment System displayed sharp and vibrant graphics. When moving through the UI, I found it to be decently response. My only issue with the system is that the startup time is longer than expected. Below is a rough estimation of the startup sequence.

-1 seconds - (Preconditions) iPhone plugged into USB port

0 seconds - Vehicle started

5 seconds - FM music starts playing and Distraction Screen appears

10 seconds - User input is accepted

13 seconds - Apple CarPlay device recognized

15 seconds - Source changed to USB and Apple Carplay UI loaded

Mazda disables touch functions when the car is in motion, which forces the driver to use the commander knob. Being a previous Mazda owner, this was second nature to me, and I found navigating through Apple CarPlay to be intuitive. I actually much prefer using the knob because it's a stationary, easy-to-find input device. I find it much more difficult to select the small, on-screen icons since it's hard to stabilize your hand when the vehicle is in motion.

Driving Dynamics and Ride

I don't think I can say anything that another reviewer hasn't already said. Steering feel is fantastic and I found myself pushing more speed around a corner than I normally would be comfortable with. In Dallas, I wasn't really carving canyons, but rather making quick turns and darting around traffic. Through all of the brisk maneuvers, the vehicle responded quickly and maintained composure. This car really gives you confidence when navigating unfamiliar areas.

The most noticeable characteristic for me in the new Mazda 6 is how refined the ride has become. My 2016 rode very stiff for a midsize sedan. Every imperfection on the road surface was translated very vividly to the driver's seat, and when you failed to dodge a pothole, you'd think that something broke. The new suspension is the perfect balance between stiffness and compliance. The car remains relatively flat while cornering, yet the harness of bumps and potholes are gracefully absorbed.

Additionally, Mazda has significantly reduced NVH (noise, vibration, harness) with this refresh. Whereas there was significant road and wind noise on my 2016, the new model maintains a relatively quiet cabin. I'm not entirely sure, but I hypothesize that some of the refinement is a product of improved aerodynamics. In my 2016, I would feel considerable drag when exceeding 65 mph. To maintain highway speeds, the engine had to work harder which reduced fuel economy. I struggled to surpass 30 mpg on the highway with the old model, much less its EPA-estimated 38 mpg highway. In contrast, the new model glides effortlessly on the freeway.

Shortcomings and Miscellaneous

The cup holders aren't quite Texas-sized. Depending on the height of your drink, access to the commander knob could be impeded. Usually, I'm not a fan of electronic shifters, but I think Mazda could benefit from the space savings. With it, the cup holders can be moved forward to open up access to the commander knob, and the space between them can be increased.

The sunroof only opens 3/4 of the way.

The chrome vent trim protrudes so far out that it blocks airflow when the adjuster is set all the way up.

The A/C auto setting on the dual-zone climate control lets the cabin get too warm on all temperatures except "LO". The "LO" setting blasts the A/C which makes the cabin too cold.

Trunk is shallow compared to the competition.

The 6.5" ground clearance is quite good for a midsize sedan. Every Camry on the lot had a scraped up or cracked lower front fascia -- probably from hitting road debris or rubbing up on parking stops. The Mazda's "chin" didn't have a single scratch.

Conclusion

All-in-all, I'm very impressed with the new Mazda 6. With the changes that Mazda has implemented, the car has really grown up. Despite this, it still maintains its good-handling and fun-to-drive characteristics that separate it from the competition. Package that with an elegantly aggressive exterior with a simple, tasteful interior and you have yourself a very appealing vehicle. While there are some annoyances and shortcomings, none of them are significant enough to remove this car from consideration. In my honest opinion, I think that if you're looking for a mid-size sedan, this should be near the top of your list.

[robertkstone]

2019 Honda Ridgeline AWD Black Edition First Test

The 2019 Honda Ridgeline marches on in the midsize pickup truck segment that welcomes two new players this year—the Ford Ranger and the Jeep Gladiator. How will the Ridgeline stack up? Before we throw it in the ring, we thought it’d be a good idea to get reacquainted with Honda’s pickup.

The second-generation Ridgeline hasn’t changed much since its introduction in model year 2017. Highlights include new colors, more USB ports, streamlined trim levels (from 12 to nine), and the addition of a moonroof and power-sliding rear window to the midlevel RTL and RTL-T models. We got our hands on a very loaded Ridgeline AWD Black Edition with a hefty $44,465 price tag. That said, the Black Edition is essentially an appearance package for the Ridgeline RTL-E ($42,965), and a decently equipped RTL-T is priced at $39,945. A base, front-drive Ridgeline RT can be had for $31,035.

Honda’s ubiquitous 3.5-liter V-6 carries over, sending 280 hp and 262 lb-ft of torque to a six-speed automatic. Not surprisingly, its straight-line performance numbers are nearly identical to the 2017 Ridgeline AWD RTL-E we last tested, running to 60 mph in 7.2 seconds and the quarter mile in 15.6 seconds (compared to 7.3 and 15.7 seconds).

“A little poky from a stop,” road test editor Chris Walton noted about our 2019 Ridgeline tester, though “upshifts at redline are reasonably smooth/fast.”

It’s quicker than the top-selling 2018 Toyota Tacoma we recently tested (7.6 seconds to 60 mph), but it lags behind the 2019 Chevrolet Colorado and 2019 Ford Ranger, which posted 0–60 times of 6.4 and 6.8 seconds, respectively. Both domestics have stronger engines and gearboxes with more cogs (and shorter first gears), and they aren’t much heavier than the Honda. Our Ridgeline tester tipped the scales at 4,475 pounds, just 11 and 75 pounds lighter than the Chevy and Ford.

With an EPA rating of 18/25 mpg city/highway, the Ridgeline AWD barely edges out the Colorado V6 4WD at 17/24 mpg. A drop in the bucket in times of relatively cheap gas. A comparable Tacoma returns 18/22 mpg; the Ranger hasn’t been rated as of this writing.

The Ridgeline’s unibody chassis remains an outlier among its body-on-frame peers. If you value ride quality above anything else, the Honda can’t be beat. It’s noticeably smoother around town and on the highway and is much more controlled through corners. “Very different than the others,” testing director Kim Reynolds noted after posting a 27.7-second lap around the figure-eight course. “Steering quality is much better including turn-in.” That said, the Colorado’s and Ranger’s handling disadvantages on the figure eight were essentially erased by their stronger powertrains, with the Chevy beating the Honda by 0.1 second and the Ford coming in at a tie.

Part of the Ridgeline’s appeal is its ability to combine car-like road manners and its ability to do work that trucks are expected to do. Our tester’s max payload rating of 1,499 pounds is right there with the Colorado and Ranger we tested, and almost 300 pounds more than the Tacoma we had on hand (though we should note that payload ratings vary more with the body-on-frame trucks depending on configuration).

Meanwhile, the Ridgeline is capped to tow 5,000 pounds, about 1,400 to 2,500 pounds less than the aforementioned three trucks. Although we didn’t do a standardized tow evaluation this time around, we did praise the Ridgeline’s ability to tow a 3,000-pound trailer in a previous test.

The Ridgeline’s truck bed is a showcase of Honda’s clever tricks. The lockable in-bed trunk (with 7.3 cubic feet of cargo) is unique to the segment, and the super handy tailgate swings down and is also side-hinged, giving you closer and easier access to your payload. The available in-bed speaker system is pretty trick, as well, and the bed is also fairly spacious. Though not as deep as its competitors, it does provide 50 inches of space between the wheelhouses, which is about 5 inches more than the Ford and Chevy and 8 inches wider than the Toyota.

Another highlight is the rear passenger area. Not only is the floor completely flat, but the seat bottoms and support frames fold up and away to maximize cargo space. It’s simply cavernous compared to its competitors. Unfortunately the Ridgeline appears to be last in line for Honda’s infotainment upgrade, so you won’t find the sharper and more intuitive interface (nor a volume knob) found in other models.

Interior fit and finish is excellent, storage solutions are scattered throughout, and the front center armrests (straight from the Pilot) are a nice touch. In all, the Ridgeline still charms us with thoughtful engineering, smooth ride, and decent capability. But with new and fresh competition on the way, the Ridgeline could benefit from a few tweaks that’ll hopefully make their way to a midcycle refresh soon.

  2019 Honda Ridgeline Black Edition BASE PRICE $44,415 PRICE AS TESTED $44,415 VEHICLE LAYOUT Front-engine, AWD, 5-pass, 4-door truck ENGINE 3.5L/280-hp/262-lb-ft SOHC 24-valve V-6 TRANSMISSION 6-speed automatic CURB WEIGHT (F/R DIST) 4,475 lb (58/42%) WHEELBASE 125.2 in LENGTH x WIDTH x HEIGHT 210.0 x 78.6 x 70.8 in 0-60 MPH 7.2 sec QUARTER MILE 15.6 sec @ 88.3 mph BRAKING, 60-0 MPH 128 ft LATERAL ACCELERATION 0.79 g (avg) MT FIGURE EIGHT 27.7 sec @ 0.62 g (avg) EPA CITY/HWY/COMB FUEL ECON 18/25/21 mpg ENERGY CONS, CITY/HWY 187/135 kW-hrs/100 miles CO2 EMISSIONS, COMB 0.94 lb/mile

[latestlead4pass-blog]

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100% Pass Cisco ICND1 100-105 Dumps Exam Questions And Answers (Q1-Q10)

QUESTION 1 Which feature allows a device to use a switch port that is configured for half-duplex to access the network? A. CSMA/CD B. IGMP C. port security D. split horizon Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Ethernet began as a local area network technology that provided a half-duplex shared channel for stations connected to coaxial cable segments linked with signal repeaters. In this appendix, we take a detailed look at the half-duplex sharedchannel mode of operation, and at the CSMA/CD mechanism that makes it work. In the original half-duplex mode, the CSMA/CD protocol allows a set of stations to compete for access to a shared Ethernet channel in a fair and equitable manner. The protocol's rules determine the behavior of Ethernet stations, including when they are allowed to transmit a frame onto a shared Ethernet channel, and what to do when a collision occurs. Today, virtually all devices are connected to Ethernet switch ports over full-duplex media, such as twisted-pair cables. On this type of connection, assuming that both devices can support the full-duplex mode of operation and that Auto-Negotiation (AN) is enabled, the AN protocol will automatically select the highest-performance mode of operation supported by the devices at each end of the link. That will result in full-duplex mode for the vast majority of Ethernet connections with modern interfaces that support full duplex and AN.

QUESTION 2 Which statement about the inside interface configuration in a NAT deployment is true? A. It is defined globally B. It identifies the location of source addresses for outgoing packets to be translated using access or route maps. C. It must be configured if static NAT is used D. It identifies the public IP address that traffic will use to reach the internet. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: This module describes how to configure Network Address Translation (NAT) for IP address conservation and how to configure inside and outside source addresses. This module also provides information about the benefits of configuring NAT for IP address conservation. NAT enables private IP internetworks that use nonregistered IP addresses to connect to the Internet. NAT operates on a device, usually connecting two networks, and translates the private (not globally unique) addresses in the internal network into legal addresses before packets are forwarded onto another network. NAT can be configured to advertise to the outside world only one address for the entire network. This ability provides additional security by effectively hiding the entire internal network behind that one address. NAT is also used at the enterprise edge to allow internal users access to the Internet and to allow Internet access to internal devices such as mail servers.

QUESTION 3 Which value is indicated by the next hop in a routing table? A. preference of the route source B. IP address of the remote router for forwarding the packets C. how the route was learned D. exit interface IP address for forwarding the packets Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The routing table contains network/next hop associations. These associations tell a router that a particular destination can be optimally reached by sending the packet to a specific router that represents the "next hop" on the way to the final destination. The next hop association can also be the outgoing or exit interface to the final destination.

QUESTION 4 Which route source code represents the routing protocol with a default administrative distance of 90 in the routing table? A. S B. E C. D D. R E. O Correct Answer: C

Explanation: SStatic EEGP DEIGRP RRIP OOSPF Default Administrative distance of EIGRP protocol is 90 then answer is C

Default Distance Value TableThis table lists the administrative distance default values of the protocols that Cisco supports: Route Source Default Distance Values Connected interface Static route Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) summary route External Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Internal EIGRP IGRP OSPF Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) On Demand Routing (ODR) External EIGRP Internal BGP Unknown*

QUESTION 5

Refer to the exhibit. Which feature is enabled by this configuration? A. static NAT translation B. a DHCP pool C. a dynamic NAT address pool D. PAT Correct Answer: C

QUESTION 6 Which statement about a router on a stick is true? A. Its date plane router traffic for a single VI AN over two or more switches. B. It uses multiple subinterfaces of a single interface to encapsulate traffic for different VLANs on the same subnet. C. It requires the native VLAN to be disabled. D. It uses multiple subinterfaces of a single interface to encapsulate traffic for different VLANs. Correct Answer: D

QUESTION 7 Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator must complete the connection between the RTA of the XYZ Company and the service provider. To accomplish this task, which two devices could be installed at the customer site to provide a connection through the local loop to the central office of the provider? (Choose two.)

A. WAN switch B. PVC C. ATM switch D. multiplexer E. CSU/DSU F. modem Correct Answer: EF

QUESTION 8 100-105 dumps Which adverse situation can occur if an Ethernet cable is too long? A. late collisions B. giants C. interface resets D. runts Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 9 Refer to the exhibit.

Which two of the output fields could help you determine if a broadcast storm has occurred? (Choose two.) A. giants B. no buffer C. collisions D. ignored E. dribble condition Correct Answer: BD

QUESTION 10 Configuration of which option is required on a Cisco switch for the Cisco IP phone to work? A. PortFast on the interface B. the interface as an access port to allow the voice VLAN ID C. a voice VLAN ID in interface and global configuration mode D. Cisco Discovery Protocol in global configuration mode Correct Answer: B

Explanation: When you connect an IP phone to a switch using a trunk link, it can cause high CPU utilization in the switches. As all the VLANs for a particular interface are trunked to the phone, it increases the number of STP instances the switch has to manage. This increases the CPU utilization. Trunking also causes unnecessary broadcast / multicast / unknown unicast traffic to hit the phone link. In order to avoid this, remove the trunk configuration and keep the voice and access VLAN configured along with Quality of Service (QoS). Technically, it is still a trunk, but it is called a Multi-VLAN Access Port (MVAP). Because voice and data traffic can travel through the same port, you should specify a different VLAN for each type of traffic. You can configure a switch port to forward voice and data traffic on different VLANs. Configure IP phone ports with a voice VLAN configuration. This configuration creates a pseudo trunk, but does not require you to manually prune the unnecessary VLANs. The voice VLAN feature enables access ports to carry IP voice traffic from an IP phone. You can configure a voice VLAN with the "switchport voice vlan ..." command under interface mode. The full configuration is shown below: Switch(config)#interface fastethernet0/1 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Switch(config-if)#switchport voice vlan 20 Configure the Switch Port to Carry Both Voice and Data TrafficWhen you connect an IP phone to a switch using a trunk link, it can cause high CPU utilization in the switches. As all the VLANs for a particular interface are trunked to the phone, it increases the number of STP instances the switch has to manage. This increases the CPU utilization. Trunking also causes unnecessary broadcast / multicast / unknown unicast traffic to hit the phone link. In order to avoid this, remove the trunk configuration and keep the voice and access VLAN configured along with Quality of Service (QoS). Technically, it is still a trunk, but it is called a Multi-VLAN Access Port (MVAP). Because voice and data traffic can travel through the same port, you should specify a different VLAN for each type of traffic. You can configure a switch port to forward voice and data traffic on different VLANs. Configure IP phone ports with a voice VLAN configuration. This configuration creates a pseudo trunk, but does not require you to manually prune the unnecessary VLANs. The voice VLAN feature enables access ports to carry IP voice traffic from an IP phone. The voice VLAN feature is disabled by default. The Port Fast feature is automatically enabled when voice VLAN is configured. When you disable voice VLAN, the Port Fast feature is not automatically disabled.

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[stephenlibbyy]

What is the open packet optical switch, Voyager?

Modern web-scale data centers are thirsty for bandwidth. Popular applications such as video and virtual reality are increasing in demand, causing data centers to require higher and higher bandwidths — both within data centers and between data centers. In this blog post, we will briefly discuss the current challenges in the optics space as well as some of the key technical aspects of the Voyager’s DWDM transponders. In part two of this series, we will cover why Voyager is a unique, powerful and robust solution.

The challenges to accommodate longer distances

Within a data center, organizations are adding higher and higher bandwidth ports and connections to accommodate the need for more bandwidth. However, connections that accommodate longer distances between data centers may be limited and expensive. Therefore, a critical requirement for businesses with this challenge is how to support longer distance spans at higher bandwidths over a small amount of fiber pairs.

The optical industry solves the bandwidth problem using Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM). DWDM allows many separate connections on one fiber pair by sending them over different wavelengths. Although the wavelengths are sent on the same physical fiber, they act as “ships in the night” and don’t interact with each other, similar to VLANs on a trunk. Each wavelength can transport very high speeds (hundreds of Gigabits per second) over very long distances. While this is an incredible feat, today’s DWDM systems are typically closed and expensive. The transponders (which I’ll be explaining in more detail below) are generally the most expensive part of the closed DWDM network.

Announcing Voyager early access

Back in November, we announced the partnership between Cumulus and the open packet DWDM platform Facebook brought to the Telecom Infra Project (TIP), called Voyager, bringing the first open packet optical product to the industry. In just a few weeks, Voyager will officially be available for early access, and we’ll be rolling out a variety of resources for you to get to know the solution in more detail. Voyager is a Broadcom Tomahawk-based switch, similar to Facebook’s Wedge 100, but with added DWDM ports that can connect to another switch tens, hundreds or thousands of kilometers away by adding transponders.

By running Cumulus Linux, Voyager brings all the functionality of Cumulus with it, including BGP, EVPN, OSPF, Layer 2, native network automation and advanced monitoring — right to the optical world in just 1RU. We have also added typical DWDM transponder features, such as configuring power, wavelength, FEC, speed and performance monitoring. And of course, being Cumulus Linux, it’s extremely cost effective too. Finally, integrating L1/L2 and L3 all on Linux may enable you to reduce the number of nodes in the network and unify the entire data center from the hosts to the switches and even to the optical devices!

What is a DWDM transponder?

For reference, a typical active DWDM network is depicted below. Depending upon the use case, all elements below are not required for Voyager deployment. For example, Voyager can also be deployed over dark fiber with no ROADMs.

Voyager is the transponder (TPDR) in the below scenario and is also a Layer2/3 switch with all the functionality of a Broadcom Tomahawk switch with Cumulus Linux.

The transponder lives primarily at the edge of the DWDM network (with some exceptions, like when back-to-back transponders are used as a regenerator) and has a port to connect to a switch or router and a port to connect to the DWDM line system facing the remote end. In some cases, such as Voyager, the transponder could be located within a switch or router (i.e. the same box does switching, routing and transponding).

A muxponder is similar to a transponder, only it also performs time division multiplexing (TDM) over a pre-specified wavelength. For example, with a muxponder, you can send ten 10GigE links over a single 100G wavelength. Voyager will support this functionality as well.

What does a transponder do?

A transponder performs an optical-electrical-optical conversion and is primarily responsible for three tasks:

Converting the “grey” wavelength (850nm, 1310nm or 1550nm) to a pre-specified C-band wavelength and back

Encapsulating/decapsulating the ethernet frame into a layer 1 OTN or OTN-like frame and providing performance monitoring and forward error correction (FEC)

Modulating, transmitting, receiving, demodulating and controlling signal power

After the wavelength leaves the transponders line side port, it is typically multiplexed with other wavelengths and travels through the network over single mode fiber. Any wavelength could be dropped off or added at any site with a ROADM. At the remote end, the signal is de-multiplexed before being handed back to the transponder. The transponder provides performance monitoring, fixes any transmission errors and decapsulates the OTN frame before handing the ethernet frame back to a switch or router or an upper layer.

Voyager combines the transponder with L2/L3 — doing the “ethernet handoff” internally to Voyager itself.

What is a C-band wavelength?

The ITU-T divides the fiber optic communication spectrum (part of the infrared section of the full electromagnetic spectrum) into 6 bands: O, E, S, C, L and U. The attenuation across a single mode fiber optic cable is lowest (0.20-0.25dB/km) at the C-band (or conventional band), so it is primarily used for DWDM communications. Also, low cost Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) help boost signals operating at this range. Voyager will support transmitting/receiving on the C-band.

The C-band wavelength spectrum used by Voyager is shown below:

The Voyager line port can be tuned to use a pre-specified C-band wavelength. It will support tuning at 50GHz spacing and flex spacing at 12.5GHz increments. The channels are fixed and determined at every 12.5GHz or 50GHz along the spectrum, identified by ITU-T G.694.1. With flex grid, they can be chosen by the operator at every 12.5GHz, with the operator being careful not to let the channels sidebands overlap. The sidebands can be different depending on the speed and modulation type of the channel.

What is an OTN or OTN-like frame?

An Optical Transport Network (OTN) frame (or the like) is used with DWDM. An ethernet frame is run inside it for this application.

It looks similar to the following:

As you can see, an OTN frame (which is in the electrical domain) consists of three overhead layers and they are analogous to SONET Line, Section and Path overheads:

Optical Transport Unit (OTU): Between optical network elements

Optical Data Unit (ODU): Network level

Optical Path Unit (OPU): Responsible for end-to-end

It also offers Forward Error Correction (FEC) and OAM&P (performance monitoring) capabilities within the overheads. Using amplifiers (specifically EDFAs) in a network can increase noise, thereby reducing signal quality and creating potential errors. FEC is used to correct the errors.

Several FEC algorithms exist in the industry today. Generally, the Soft Decision (SD) FECs can correct more errors than Hard Decision FECs, so the optical network can push longer distances at faster speeds with an SD-FEC. Voyager will run an SD-FEC.

Performance monitoring consists of reporting and keeping track of when there are errors in the network. For example, it keeps track of the pre-FEC bit error rate (BER), which is how many errors the FEC had to correct to be able to deliver a clean frame up to the higher layers. All of these characteristics can tell an operator if the network has issues, such as a degrading amplifier.

What is modulation and transmitting?

A transponder/muxponder is also responsible for modulating the signal and transmitting the signal at the appropriate power level. Transmitting at too little power won’t drive very far, and transmitting at too much power can distort the signal. Voyager will be able to effectively transmit up to +2.5dBm.

Different modulations are typically used with different bit rates. For example, lower bit rates at or below 10Gbps may use on-off keying (OOK). OOK is a simple modulation method that turns light on to signify a binary “1” and turns light off to signify a binary “0”. In this scenario, the bit rate and the symbol (baud) rate (signals through the fiber) are the same. Phase Shift Keying (PSK) uses the same idea, but instead of changing the power of the signal, it changes its phase to denote a binary “0” or “1”.

As we get to higher and higher bit rates, we want to keep the baud rate low to minimize distortions while increasing the bit rate we send. This leads to more complex modulation types, such as QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) and 8 & 16 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation). QPSK transmits 2 bits per baud, 8 QAM transmits 3 bits per baud and 16 QAM transmits 4 bits per baud. Additionally, when we modulate 2 orthogonal polarizations separately (sometimes called Dual Polarization or Polarization Division Multiplexing), we double the throughput. Voyager will support QPSK with 100Gbps, 8QAM with 150Gbps, and 16QAM with 200Gbps with PDM.

As more and more bits per symbol are transmitted, more symbols are needed to represent the different bit patterns. The symbols are then represented closer together and thus more difficult to distinguish from each other. Therefore, the signal needs to be “cleaner” and have less noise in order to read it effectively. This leads to shorter supported distances and the need for more complex FEC algorithms, such as SD-FEC.

Of course, a transponder also receives and demodulates the signal on the remote end.

What now?

At this point, you hopefully understand the basic technical challenges and needs with DWDM. This blog post covered the technical aspects of a transponder within Voyager. In part two, we will cover the question “Why Voyager?” and discuss Voyager functionality and use cases in greater detail. We couldn’t be more excited to be releasing Voyager for early access in just a few weeks, along with several supporting resources. If you’re dying to check it out in more detail in the meantime, visit Adva’s website, as they will be supporting and selling the product with Cumulus Linux, or contact TIP. Stay Tuned for more!

The post What is the open packet optical switch, Voyager? appeared first on Cumulus Networks Blog.

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[sulphurandthesea-blog]

Cell-phones -- tablets

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[unixcommerce]

Best Small Business Phone Systems for 2020

There’s never been a better time to upgrade your business phone system. People can’t remember their landline number anymore.

That’s why it’s important to pick the best alternative for your business.

The only downside? It can be overwhelming since there are dozens of providers to choose from.

It comes down to finding the best fit for your budget, tech scope, and customer service requirements.

We’ve taken a look at ratings, prices, and popularity of the top small business phone systems. Here’s a look at what each one offers.

Best Small Business Phone Systems

1. Nextiva

Nextiva is an option for businesses of any size looking to improve their customer service. Plus, their phone solutions help to strengthen communication within the office and switch to a unified platform.

Not only that, but Nextiva’s free app allows employees to use business numbers on their devices. This is superb for remote users, and allows them to communicate effectively with their co-workers.

Why Nextiva?

Nextiva helps businesses of all sizes to strengthen their customer service departments. They have access to a top-rated CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system that’s easy-to-use and affordable. Plus, Nextiva can also install live chat on their websites, and create feedback surveys so that your company stays focused on what matters… All of which is explained by paying customers.

Still not convinced? Nextiva has a range of pre-packaged and custom options, such as small business VOIP and integrations with the tools you’re already using. (Plus, you can ditch landlines to make Wi-Fi calls using this technology.)

And if you ever run into a problem, you’re connected with a representative that manages your account. This person lends a helping hand with installation and upgrades. Combine that with the  24-hour line you can contact for help, and it’s a great option for your small business.

To summarize: Nextiva simplifies the way any team communicates by keeping all conversations on one screen. This creates seamless communication and collaboration between team members—and prevents important things from getting lost in translation.

image: Nextiva Pricing and Features

Pricing starts at around $20 and varies by plan. The company’s most popular option is the Office Pro Plus, which includes:

An automated greeting

Conference bridge

Text messagingAccess to the app

All of Nextiva’s basic Office Pro features

Service Highlights:

  Easy installation

  Seamless cloud service

  One screen for communication all in one place

  Professionally recorded greeting

  Live chat software

  Online surveys

  Conference bridge

  Case management software

  Calendars and scheduling

  Mobile App to take calls on mobile devices

  Text messaging

  Free number porting

  Advanced call management

  Unlimited calling

  Local numbers are shown on your Caller ID

  Toll-Free numbers

  Website chats

  Call queueing

Reviews and Ratings

Nextiva has a 4.7 star rating on GetVoIP, with 94% of customers saying they’d recommend Nextiva to a friend.  They rate especially well when it comes to service outages, customer service, and plan variety.

Nextiva provides services for thousands of local restaurants and businesses across the country. Plus, they’ve got big names like Allstate, Burger King, Target, APG, and Suzuki on their customer list.

2. Mitel

Mitel offers a combination of cloud and on-site services. Both of these options give businesses a  way to organize call centers and customer service departments. Mitel also integrates cloud and  VoIP phone systems with traditional telephone service.

Why Mitel?

Mitel is a good solution for companies that need heavy-duty call center services. Why? Because they offer traditional phone system equipment for in-person customer service staff. That equipment is feature-rich and offers web chat integration, universal queuing, and customer call back. Additionally, Mitel works well with many third-party apps.

Pricing and Plans

Mitel offers customizable plans, with prices ranging from about $30 to $55 per user per month. However, there are additional charges for call center agents and supervisors. But installation is free when you buy the equipment.

Highlights and Features:

  Audio conferencing

  Web/Video Conferencing

  Desktop Sharing

  Online Faxing

  Voicemail to text

  Call recording

  Automated greeting

  24/7 Customer service

  Cloud storage services

  Technicians

Ratings and Reviews

Mitel maintains a rating of 3.7 stars on GetVoIP. Customers appreciate the company’s reliability. However, they aren’t impressed with unresolved technical support issues and limited professional services.

They serve businesses of all sizes, such as the Liverpool Football Club, Hyatt, Carlsberg, and the Make-a-Wish foundation.

3. MegaPath

MegaPath offers internet and phone bundles for companies that want everything from a single provider. They’re leaders in on-premises business phone system solutions. In fact, Megapath gives offices high-tech devices, while also giving employees access to their cloud phone systems.

Why MegaPath?

MegaPath provides business phone services along with internet and network security options. The company personalizes plans for specific industries, including:

Healthcare

Insurance

Legal

Real estate

Retail

Food service

Non-profits

MegaPath also offers innovative features like HD Voice, video, and touch screen technology.

Pricing and Plans

Plans start at about $20 per month, with no contract required. They offer a variety of options for businesses of various sizes and industries. There’s also a free trial available.

Service Highlights:

  Hosted PBX

  Data bundles

  Voice/video calls

  Conference calls from any device

  Advanced call analytics

  Integration with popular software like Skype and Outlook

  Call center technology, with call distributing, queuing, and transfer functions

  On-site or remote capabilities

  Internet Faxing

  SIP Trunking

  PRI & analog lines

  Desktop sharing

  Unified communications for teams and departments

  Collaboration and conference tools

Ratings and Reviews

MegaPath has an A+ rating from the BBB and a rating of 4 stars from GetVOIP. They received high marks in customer service, technology, and reliability… Yet just 64% of customers would recommend.

4. OnSIP

OnSIP is a cloud-hosted VoIP system. Its system can be configured and customized without the need for new equipment. It integrates with many third-party apps and provides a straightforward call center experience.

Why OnSIP?

OnSIP works with existing communication systems, so you may not need to upgrade to new equipment. Plus, OnSIP’s customer service team is available to answer questions 24/7.

Prices and Plans

OnSIP’s plans can be priced two ways: By the minute, or by the user. You can even choose an unlimited plan if that fits with your business’s needs. Pricing starts at around $50 per month, but additional per-minute or per-user fees can be added on top. You can also customize plans by adding or subtracting features. A free trial is available.

Highlight features:

  Auto attendants

  Great customer service

  Music on hold channels

  Call recording

  Announcements

  Voicemail to email

  Online call directory

  Mobile VoIP

  Paging

  International dialing (for an extra fee)

  Conference suites

  HD calling

  Call management

Ratings and Reviews

OnSIP has a 98 percent customer service satisfaction rating. It seems like their success is on the rise, achieving a 5 star rating last year (compared to 3 stars in 2017.)

Customers rated them highly for technology, reliability, efficiency, and plan versatility. Users include Mozilla, Tumblr, Disqus, and Cloudera.

5. Ooma

Ooma is an affordable and reliable option for small businesses because they provide a range of products. Rather than paying into tiers of services, companies purchase a hardware adapter, and then spend a low monthly fee for all other services.

As you upgrade features, your Ooma Telo business smartphone kit will be updated automatically. This means you can access new features without switching your technology.

Why Ooma?

Ooma installation is easy because users can keep their original phone numbers. All they need to do is upload files to a cloud system.

They offer essential features, along with reliable service, for businesses that don’t want to pay for an extensive service list. Not only that, but there’s no limit to how many phone lines you can add to your Ooma service.

If that wasn’t enough, Ooma also as a simple web platform. Admins can use this platform to track employees, talk between departments, or answer phone calls and emails from anywhere.  The company is also known for:

Crystal clear calls

A virtual assistant that organizes phone calls and messages

An app that allows you to access (almost) every feature you can get on your computer

Prices and Plans

Ooma’s Telo technology starts at around $200 and includes two extensions. Then monthly plans start at about $20 per user.

Highlights and Features:

Unlimited calling in the U.S., Mexico, and Canada

Low international rates

Free number transfer

One toll-free number

Main company line number

Business modes for open and closed hours

Mobile app

Virtual extensions

Works on multiple devices

Call logs

Extension-to-extension dialing

No hidden costs

Ratings and Reviews

Customers report an easy-to-use interface and enjoy using their auto-attendant features. However, the company has received low marks for its customer service. Some users have also said their options are limited.

6. 8×8

8×8 is a VoIP system known for its reliability and international calling options. The company offers plans for unlimited calling, texting, and faxing. 8×8 also offer international calling to 40 different countries. For that reason, it’s popular with companies that need overseas communication.

Why 8×8?

8×8 are known for their efficiency and 24-hour client support. The configuration manager is known for its ease of use for administrators and employees. And the cloud system allows for global communication and collaboration. Plus, the app is supported by Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android, so you can freely switch between devices.

8×8 will work with your company to connect other apps, programs, and tools and unify them under one platform… So long as you have a complete integration. But what about on-site systems? 8×8 has reasonable prices for their phones and technologies… All of which are capable of supporting full call-centers or office buildings with several departments.

Some of 8×8’s features include:

Highlight Features:

  Unlimited calling

  Mobile app access from any device

  Online call management

  Music on hold

  Business SMS plans

  Instant messaging/chat

  Online contacts and click-to-dial

  Web conferencing

  Internet Faxing

  Call recording

  Inbound call center with call waiting, hold options

  Contact center

  Recording storage

  Analytics and graphical reporting

Ratings and Reviews

8×8 has excellent scores across the board. TechRadar recently gave them a 4.5 star rating.

They serve more than a million businesses worldwide, including McDonald’s, Aon, Shimano, and Mobi.

7. Phone.com

Phone.com offers more than 40 features and competitive pricing. They also have little to no new equipment and simple installation. It’s a great solution for businesses that want a professional appearance but aren’t ready to invest in equipment. Phone.com allows you to customize your automated greeting, and give customers a big company feel… Even if they’re on a small business budget.

Why Phone.com?

Phone.com’s cloud-based system is compatible with most phone systems, so you can use what you already have (or lease IP phones from the company.) Plus, you can choose from an unlimited plan or a per-minute plan to suit the needs of your business.

Pricing and Packages

Phone.com offers basic packages starting at around $15 per month. Its most popular plan is about $20 per month. Customers can also customize plans to save money or gain extra features. And there’s a discount for customers that pay annually.

Highlight Features:

  Bulk number porting

  Call handling rules

  Account management

  Fax from phone or internet

  Automated greetings

  HIPAA compliance

  Instant setup

  Business SMS

  U.S. based customer support

  HD audio and video

  Hold music

  International calling

  Android and iOS apps

  Local numbers

  In-call features

  Toll-free numbers

  Voice tagging

Ratings and Reviews

Phone.com is rated highly for their management options, reliability, call center capabilities, and responsive customer service. They have an A+ rating from the BBB and have successfully resolved most public complaints. However, they don’t rate well when it comes to collaboration and productivity features.

8. BroadVoice

BroadVoice is a cloud-based subscription service that caters to inter-company collaboration as well as client communications. Their technology auto-updates, so you don’t have to purchase a new phone system to keep up.

BroadVoice is one of the most reliable and security-focused companies. That makes it a great option for businesses that handle online transactions; client information stays protected.

image: Broadvoice Why BroadVoice?

BroadVoice has extensive inter-office features that boost productivity and collaboration among team members. The range of services available makes it a good choice for companies with high inbound call rates or several departments. They also have few outages and service interruptions.

Pricing and Plans

BroadVoice starts at around $10 per user per month. The most popular plan starts at around $25 per user per month. BroadVoice also offers moderately priced equipment for on-site services.

Highlight Features:

  Call catch

  Call forwarding

  Call hold

  Automated communicator

  Hot desking or hoteling

  Intercom systems

  Multiple device extensions

  One number

  Paging

  Call recording

  SMS

  Unlimited domestic calling

  Virtual Fax

  Local numbers

Ratings and Reviews

Broadvoice has a rating between 4 and 4.5 stars across several platforms. They have a B- rating from the BBB. Concerns include upfront costs and inefficient customer service. But users tend to appreciate their high tech cloud services and productivity features.

9. Avaya

Small and large businesses alike benefit from the functions and features offered by Avaya. They have more than 700 services, making them one of the most sophisticated options.

Why Avaya?

Avaya is well suited for mid-sized companies that need sophisticated VoIP systems. Why? Because they have more than 700 communication services.

For example: You can talk to a representative that can help create a personalized system that allows you to manage your business better.

Avaya offers 24/7 customer service and setup support. The interface is a little more complicated than most companies on this list, but this is mostly because of the variety of services offered. To make up for that, Avaya trains all employees to use their system once it’s installed. Adapting to their system isn’t entirely painless, but once your company is set up, you can expect reliable service at a flat rate.

Pricing and Plans

Avaya is very customizable, so pricing depends on your company’s needs. There’s also the initial hardware installation, which requires a one-time purchase of the phones and headsets Avaya works with. There is standard pricing for Avaya’s cloud unification services, with three plans to choose from. Those range from about $20 to $35 per month.

Feature Highlights:

  Intuitive admin portal

  Streamlined mobile and desktop apps with a softphone

  Contact center apps

  Analytics and reporting

  Advanced routing

  Workforce optimization

  Self-service options

  Cloud services

  Consulting

  Solution design and integration

  Conferencing

  HD voice and video

Ratings and Reviews

Users rate Avaya between 4.5 and 5 stars across multiple platforms. Gartner rates them 4.2 stars.

But despite their advanced features, some users had technical queries when figuring out the platform. Others have also suggested that some elements were difficult to use. Avaya’s customers said they had excellent customer relations, reliability, and useful features.

Methodology 

We compiled information from:

Reliable tech service websites

The Better Business Bureau

Consumer Affairs

Business website

To figure out which companies topped the list, we looked at:

Pricing and Total Costs — It’s important to look at all the details. Some companies have hidden fees, or charge more for services than they advertise. Plus, some providers charge extra for new phones and equipment. These costs should be factored into the total cost of a system.

Types of Business Phone Plans — Unlimited, monthly, per-minute, per-user, or custom-made plans are available. Not all types of programs are compatible with every kind of business. Small businesses don’t want to pay for extra features that they don’t use. Large enterprises need more than just the standard packaging. We’ve outlined the types of plans each top company offers.

Ratings and Reviews — The fun doesn’t stop once products are installed and your VoIP technology gets updated. It’s vital that service stays stable, problems are addressed, and rates stay the same. It’s important to read through positive and negative reviews to see what the potential problems are — and determine whether your business can handle them.

Ease-of-Use — To run efficiently, most enterprises need an easy-to-use system. We looked at how long installation and integration take, as well as the simplicity of each platform. Reviews from the App Store give details for each company’s mobile app capabilities. This helps you to find a provider that supplies technology you can use.

Technological Capabilities — Technology is growing fast. You might not even be sure exactly what services your business needs. That’s why we’ve broken down each company by the types of services and capabilities they provide.

Customer Service History — We looked at ratings with the Better Business Bureau and Consumer Affairs to determine any outstanding red flags. We picked the companies that have the best scores across the board–even from official agencies.

Finding the Best Services

Nextiva, Mitel, MegaPath, OnSip, Ooma, 8×8, Phone.com, BroadVoice, and Avaya are the top choices to explore. It’s not just their popularity; ratings and combination of capabilities and services are all taken into consideration.

We also looked at their reputations, as well as their integration into the small business world. Both of these make them worthwhile choices in the industry.

Regardless of which you choose, all companies have more than four stars from real-life users. Minor differences aside, they’re all top contenders for all small businesses nationwide.

We used trustworthy websites, such as:

GetVoip.com

SoftwareAdvice.com

PCMag.com

Business.com

… to find the business phone systems that customers are sticking to.

Choosing the Best Service

We figured out the ins and outs of each provider so that your business can find the option best-suited to your employees and customers.

We took the highest rated companies and figured out what they’re best (and worst) at. You can use the answers to judge which is most compatible with what you’re looking for.

Researching Each Business Phone Service

We also looked at official reports from the Better Business Bureau and the Consumer Affairs department. This made sure we were working with accurate information. We considered:

Ratings

Complaints

Average reported response times

Fees and costs

The conclusions we’ve drawn are an accurate reflection of their services. The goal? To help small business owners sift through the technical details of business phone systems.

Choosing Between Different Phone Systems for Small Businesses

The technology you choose can have a massive impact on the way you do business. The options we’ve shared work whether you want to update outdated communication methods, or simply look more professional.

The right service can do wonders for your business. Why? Because you could increase your customer service output and employee productivity… All while reducing your overall costs.

Growing companies need systems that will grow with them as they hire more employees, open more locations, and expand internationally. Before settling on a company, figure out the type of phone system your workplace needs.

Landlines are Dying

Businesses have depended on the copper wires of landlines for centuries. The last two decades have entirely revolutionized these systems. Few companies are sticking with landline solutions in 2019. Sure, landline phone systems are known for their reliability. But business is increasingly done online. You can save time, money, and provide better features for your customers by switching to a digital system.

Landlines are still used across some office buildings for their security and conference features. But today’s cloud and VoIP equipment make it easier to communicate between offices.  And if that wasn’t impressive enough, you can record automated greetings. This makes your central call service centers cost-effective as you save on salaries and other overhead costs.

Plus, it’s more and more difficult to find technicians that work with analog systems. Finding an IT professional can be difficult and pricey. (This is why telephone companies are shifting their focus from analog to cloud.) As a result, technicians are more capable of solving problems for advanced systems.

VoIP Services for Businesses

VoIP technology works with existing phone lines and high-speed internet connection. You can:

Use video and phone conferencing services

Connect to other departments

Store documents

Keep track of incoming and outgoing phone calls

You can also get services like voicemail to text or email, internet faxing, and chat options for your website, Each of these optimize customer service features.

A VoIP provider allows you to choose your phone number or a toll-free number. This is the same way an old telephone company would. The only difference? The extra internet services. Small businesses rely on VoIP services for automated greetings and a call service center. Both of these organizes phone calls without the need for extra staff members. A professional calling system gives your business a new edge… And customers will take notice.

As your business grows, you can still add VoIP services to your plan. A digital process makes it easy to connect with new employees. And most providers allow admins to set up new lines within the system’s portal, so scalability is a significant benefit of VoIP services. Advances in technology make VoIP arrangements easy and fast to set up. So much so, that most interfaces are created with employee usability in mind.

On-Premises Phone Systems

Most companies offer a mixture of cloud and on-premises services. But some companies only offer one or the other. It’s important to know which type of service is best for your industry and call volume.

You need an on-premises system if you’re working in an office or workplace with a team of people. The same applies if you have a large company that makes lots of calls every day. Hybrid options mean you can communicate through an online platform… Rather than relying on out-of-date technology.  Plus, phone and call center systems are updated to tie in with VoIP and cloud services. This means you can expect easy-to-use technology with an on-premises VoIP system.

But what if you’re used to analog phone systems? Interestingly, it’s the most comfortable switch to make. You can use online services like chat, voicemail to email, and internet faxing… And still get the inter-office conference phone system you’re used to. These systems do need regular maintenance and a storage place (usually your office’s server closet.) Plus, you might need IT experts to maintain the system. This depends on how extensive it is.

The bottom line? An on-premise VoIP system is still as secure as a regular analog. All your business’s information is always stored within your physical wall space.

And, unlike cloud systems, your VoIP system is almost impossible to hack. Most companies need to have security certifications to function. But with VOIP, you can rest assured that your company’s information is safe.

Cloud Features for Small Businesses

Businesses are using cloud-hosted phone systems to boost their productivity and efficiency. That’s because cloud systems bring together employees and don’t need much physical equipment (most of the time.)

It’s perfect for businesses that do a lot of outsourcing or work remotely. But cloud systems are taking over traditional offices, too.  By connecting the entire company to one easy-to-use platform, employees can:

Easily access the files they need

Communicate with each other

Organize their phone calls and messages

… All of which means they can provide a service to their clients more effectively.

Your business only needs phones and a reliable internet connection. Your business cloud provider will take care of everything else. Plus, you don’t need a server closet to get started with cloud technology. The provider maintains all the actual equipment. The key is choosing a provider that offers the right amount of bandwidth. It’s also wise to check they’ve got excellent service ratings from other customers.

Service interruptions have always been a worry. But with upgrades in technology, these are becoming less of a nuisance.

This option is great for small businesses because of the low overhead costs. They give businesses the professional organization they need, with consistent monthly fees. The best part? Any company can afford one of the basic packages, at least to get them started on their way to a profitable cloud-based endeavor.

How to Choose the Best Business Phone System for Your Business

Struggling to decide which phone system is best for your business?

The best way is to consider your own needs and make sure your chosen provider offers those services. Sure, there are basic packages and plans. But you’ll have to speak directly to an advisor to get information about customized plans. Knowing what you’re looking for before you call a sales agent at a company will help you choose an ideal service.

Before settling, think about:

Employees — How many employees does your business have? Are they working in a shared space, different offices, or remotely? Do you need the ability to add new workers to the system quickly? Take a look at the company’s app and interface, make sure it’s simple enough for your employees to use. The number of employees and the type of system they can connect to will make a big difference in which service provider to turn to.

Budget — Think about whether you’re ready to buy an entirely new phone system for your office. Some companies only work with specific pieces of equipment, so you’ll have to factor that into your budget. The top 10 companies offer different price points and services. Before you make a final decision, make sure there are no hidden fees or extra services that you’ll need to pay for.

Extras and features — Do you want to keep your office as simple as possible? Or take advantage of the incredible technological advances that VoIP companies offer? You can switch to internet faxing, video-conferencing, or use business SMS to contact your clients. Think about what you’d like your company to have other than the standard attendants and calling capabilities. Many companies allow you to customize plans or add in other features for a certain cost. Knowing these requirements helps in the long run. Why? Because you can make sure your new business phone system can adhere to your needs.

Fine print — Ask questions, and carefully look over any contracts before you sign them. Find out if you’re required to have a yearly contract and when it’s up for renewal so that you avoid extra charges. Ask about termination fees and refund policies. Companies that happily answer those questions and have nothing to hide are going to be your best bet.

Most companies offer friendly service. I if you’re not entirely sure how VoIP works or what features you need, they can explain how their service can benefit you. You should also talk to your IT department and see what they recommend. (These will be the people doing the bulk of the maintenance on your end.)

Ask which IT services each company can offer you in case your service goes down. (You want as much uptime as possible.) Then, talk to your employees and see what services they’d like to increase their efficiency.  Most people have experience with smart technology and know exactly what services are needed to upgrade for a better experience. So, rely on the people around you to help you choose the best possible service.

Most Important Features for SMBs

This list lays out the highlight features of each company. However, they all offer more services than they can list on their websites. The features you’ll need depends on various factors, such as the size of your company, what industry you’re in, and how many customers you have. Make sure that the plan you choose has these essential features as you scan the price list.

Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Systems — This is an automated greeting that your customers will hear as soon as they dial your number. This service can transfer phone calls to the right department, take messages, or put clients on hold. It’s essential to have a professional greeting for all companies, large or small. That’s because they cut the need to hire extra staff to handle the switching. That’s what makes it affordable for start-ups.

Call Queuing — A digitized call queue helps your company provide exceptional customer service. (For that reason, it’s great if you have a call center, or your business is growing and getting more phone calls.)

Some services have features that allow you to track features such as:

The rate of phone calls

What departments clients are contacting

Dropped calls

Don’t leave your customers behind. You can put customers on hold until they can reach an agent. This makes all the difference in the world when it comes to customer satisfaction.

Number Porting — With this, you can take your old number or numbers with you when you switch providers. (The last thing you want to do is disrupt their ability to reach you… Especially if you have lots of customers.) It’s best to pick a provider that has this service. With it,  you can ensure you won’t miss any customer interactions as you make a technological change.

Call Recording — Listening to calls helps several departments. For example, you can improve your services, boost your marketing campaigns, and generate new sales.

Most large companies record phone calls as a way to keep track of their customer service agents. In turn, this makes sure that clients are hanging up happy.

Voicemail to Email — Your employees will love this feature. Granted, it sounds like a small change. But turning voicemail to email increases your company’s efficiency and reduces the risk of missing out on instant business. Most people read emails on their desktop or smartphone. This way, they can see right away when something urgent happens… Rather than waiting to get into the office the next day and listen to their voicemails.

Integration with Third-Party Apps — Most businesses use programs to do the bulk of their work. (Think Outlook, Slack, and Skype.)  This helps you incorporate the applications you already use to streamline your work… Rather than forcing you to switch over to a new system. Most of these companies upload your files to one single system. This means that any employee can easily access the documents they need.

Mobile and Cross-Platform Technology — All of these companies offer a mobile app, which is vital for modern business. Pay attention to the quality of the app and read reviews before settling on a company. But despite those mobile experiences, not every app has the same features as the desktop version. So, make a list of the mobile features you need.   Check it works with Microsoft, iOS, Android, and Apple devices. This makes sure your employees can use it from anywhere.

Business SMS and Internet Faxing — Incorporating text messages into business communications is relatively new. But the best companies are jumping on the opportunity. More people look at their text messages than they do their email. Sso, it’s a lot more likely that your customers will see your text and respond, giving you a new marketing method. Most people also prefer to text their coworkers. A business SMS plan allows you to do that from one business number. Internet faxing is also a must. As you phase out old technology, internet faxing saves your business time and money.

Conference Calling — This is already a standard feature in most office buildings, but VoIP and cloud services makes it much easier. Each employee has access to a virtual conference room where they can invite their own participants. High-tech platforms allow you to click and dial to add users, making it easier than ever to connect teams. If your provider doesn’t have a conference service, there are outside services you can pay for. Most VoIP packages make it so simple to host a conference call that there’s no need to use an external app.

Analytics Tools — For a business with a high call volume, analytics tools break down information. This makes it easier to streamline your company. These reports give you key information, such as:

Which departments are getting the most calls

The length of the call

Other general statistics about phone usage

Management and Admin Features — This allows the right employees to access analytics tools. Plus, they can manage employees, add new lines, integrate employees, create ring groups, and set call forwarding routes. These tools give you control over your business’ communication. Nothing will slip past you!

Earlier, we mentioned how companies offer customizable options. This helps you take advantage of the best tools. Not only that but staying on top of technological developments can push your business forward… And reach your full potential.

These tools improve customer service, streamline tedious tasks, and drop time-wasting technologies… All of which can help your company become the best in its industry.

But the best place to start? By understanding the developments and features that companies are now offering for businesses. Companies that don’t evolve with technology are missing out on amazing features that could expand their business. And, as these companies grow, they’re always adding new features and support systems. You can continue to count on VoIP and cloud services to mature along with you. Why wouldn’t your business want to take advantage of that?

Basic FAQ for Business Phone Systems

What is VoIP?

VoIP is an acronym for Voice Over Internet Protocol, also known as Voice over IP, or IP telephony. It refers to the group of technologies that transfer voice communications (and other multimedia) via the internet.

VoIP is a phone service over the internet. Instead of copper-wire phone calls, VoIP converts analog calls into packets of data. This data then travels over the IP network.

Using VoIP services means you can call cell phones and landlines… Without having to work with a traditional phone company.

Most analog phone companies are on their way out. As a result, more businesses than ever are getting their phone service from a VoIP provider. Why? Because it’s cheaper, and the quality of sound and service is better. Plus, VoIP stores vast systems of data online. This makes it easy to communicate with customers and clients. Switching to VoIP allows your employees to place phone calls from a variety of devices, such as their desktops, laptops, and mobile phones. Most companies have an app available for download. This gives users the opportunity to sync their work across different channels.

VoIP companies have lower rates than traditional phone companies. That’s why many small businesses go for a VoIP connection than anything else. VoIP technologies are affordable. Plus, they give small companies the technology they need to compete against bigger corporations.

VoIP lines can improve the customer service experience for your clients. Not only that, but your employees will appreciate the technology-driven change in the workplace. (Most people use smartphones and computers to do just about anything.) VoIP capabilities give workers a way to deal with formerly time-consuming situations. It’s easier to arrange conference calls, answer voicemails and send faxes.

Some big companies use VoIP services in addition to analog telephone service. But most businesses don’t need both. Plus, most VoIP providers can work with traditional office phones. Some VoIP companies supply you with telephone and internet services.

What is a PBX?

PBX stands for Private Branch Exchange. It’s a private telephone network that’s used by a company to communicate internally and externally, on different channels. (This includes VoIP, analog phones, or online.)A PBX connects different phone numbers under one company line. Most businesses have this system in place.

A PBX unites offices with one phone number, regardless of how many phones are plugging in. This saves money for businesses with dozens of phone lines.

This system has been around for a long time. An analog PBX system has limits, constraining a business to a number of devices or extensions. Offices that need more than what an analog PBX can offer them are turning to VoIP solutions. VoIP providers now can carry limitless lines or allow clients to pay-in per line. These systems make it simple to add a new phone number so that employees can connect right away. A PBX system encompasses modems and fax machines that are related to your business’s phone number.

Besides, more sophisticated PBX systems can give you a variety of features. You can create ring groups, queues, digital receptionists, voicemail services, and analytics tools. But when choosing a phone provider, pay particular attention to PBX security. Most companies have methods of defense, like firewalls like that come installed with the service.

Why is SIP Trunking Important?

Session Initiation Protocol, or SIP, is the process by which voice travels over a VoIP service. It’s the technology that makes your phone calls, text messages and voicemails happen in real-time. (To put simply: It’s the digital version of the way analog telephones worked.) This technology takes care of interoffice communications as well as outside calls.

Companies have used for companies that required several lines. A SIP trunk is the virtual version of a switchboard. A SIP trunk is what connects new phone numbers to your service. This allows all your other lines to make local and long-distance calls from multiple offices at the same time. This helps when an employee picks up the office phone to make a call. That call information goes to an on-site PBX (off-site if you’re using strictly cloud-based services). The PBX system uses SIP trunking to make phone calls via the internet.

Most VoIP business phone systems offer SIP trunking as a part of the package. This system has a setup fee and a monthly cost. But if you use a provider that includes SIP services, you won’t have to pay extra. Some places charge by the meter – every minute counts. This is fine if your small business rarely uses their phone lines. However, companies that have several lines should think about using a service that maintains their SIP trunks.

Using CTI for Small Business

Computer Telephony Integration is any technology that mixes computer and telephone devices. It’s designed to be used in call centers. But most businesses rely on CTI to increase employee productivity.

In a call center, CTI technology gives an agent many different opportunities. For example, they can:

Look up information on the person they’re speaking to

Use phone controls

Transfer phone calls to another department with the click of a button

CTI technology allows office workers to use similar features. They can use click to dial, automated dialing, set up conferences, track IVR, and more.

Does your business had an automated greeting or a central digital call center? You can use CTI tools to:

Use call routine to route calls to the right agent

Log and record calls

Display pending live calls from a queue

Create directories of clients and customers

Any feature that telephoning saves companies time. Plus, they can cut overhead costs, and create a  better internal structure.

Best Business Phone System Summary

For All Businesses: Nextiva

Nextiva gives companies with internal VoIP and cloud-based services. That helps boost business phone capabilities, and strengthen relationships… Purely because they have a new way to organize and reach out to their customers.

The easy-to-use platform gives workplaces a straightforward interface for all their communications. This means your employees can:

Use click-to-dial features

Collaborate efficiently

Use organizational tools (like calendars and appointment scheduling)

The website chat feature gives clients a new way to reach out to their favorite companies. It’s no wonder why customers love it!

For Call Centers and Office Phones: Mitel

Mitel has a combination of cloud and on-premises VoIP systems. That makes them great for a call center or large business that needs:

Reliable technology variety of call center options

Excellent hardware

They integrate with programs most large companies are already using. (Salesforce, for example.) This means your employees can continue to work with the same systems they’re used to.

Companies with lots of calls can rely on Mitel to:

Make sure that customers stay on hold

Get transferred to the right department

Use webchat to solve technical issues

For Big Businesses: MegaPath

Large companies rely on MegaPath to be their sole provider for internet and business phone system features. Why? Because when companies are overwhelmed with options, it’s easier to use MegaPath. That way, you’re billed all at once.

MegaPath has affordable technology that helps companies to go from an analog system to a VoIP system… Without the disruption. They can also use a combination of on-premises and cloud features to do their work. Plus, MegaPath has well-trained technicians to help solve any problems that arise. There’s also a 24-hour help desk that companies can contact if their system goes down.

For Easy Customization: OnSIP

OnSIP is great for small businesses and SMBs, as well as companies that plan on expanding. They have a variety of features that you can turn into a customized plan that suits your needs. You won’t overpay for things you don’t use. OnSIP also has a customer service agent that helps you put together a package. This is a group of functional features that make daily communication tasks easier for employees and customers alike.

To summarize: OnSIP is a superb option for companies that don’t want to buy new technology. It’s also perfect for those who prefer a more modern, cloud-based take on communication.

For Small Offices: Ooma

Ooma’s technology is perfect for small offices that need call centers on-site.

Granted, you will have to pay extra for their base equipment. But it’s still cheaper than most companies. That’s why it serves the needs of small businesses that are ready to expand their communication features.

image: OomaOoma combines digital voice reception technology with important office features. It gives small businesses the chance to create a better customer service experience for their clients. Plus, they’re known for providing exceptional service. Only a few dropped calls sneak in, and there are no interruptions.

For SMBs: 8×8

Their cloud-based network requires no IT department. That makes it a perfect system for small and mid-sized businesses.

Plus, 8×8 are one of the few business phone systems that provide free international calling. And, companies that do business overseas love 8×8’s capabilities and price points.

They have an easy-to-use interface and a customer service team that is available 24-hours a day. It’s no wonder why 8×8 is one of the most popular business phone companies.

For Easy Installation: Phone.com

Phone.com has affordable cloud and VoIP options for businesses of all sizes. However, the best feature of Phone.com is a quick and easy installation. You can start using your services as soon as your company is signed up and the technology is installed. You won’t lose any time as you make a digital switch.

For Comprehensive Service: BroadVoice

Are you tired of service interruptions? Count on BroadVoice to provide a stable network. With global centers, there’s almost no chance your internet will go down. Plus, BroadVoice has some of the most affordable rates for offices with dozens of employees. Plans start at just $10 per line.

BroadVoice has a combination of on-premises, VoIP, and cloud-based systems. That helps keep large enterprises running smoothly.

For Extensive Features: Avaya

Avaya is an excellent solution for SMBs and larger businesses that need a range of services. They offer more than 700 features. This allows Avaya to put together customized plans that combine VoIP and cloud systems… All of which are designed to boost interoffice communications and improve customer service.

Image: Depositphotos.com

This article, “Best Small Business Phone Systems for 2020” was first published on Small Business Trends

https://smallbiztrends.com/

The post Best Small Business Phone Systems for 2020 appeared first on Unix Commerce.

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[carrollallen-blog]

NETW 250 Full Course ILabs – latest August 2016

https://homeworklance.com/downloads/netw-250-full-course-ilabs-latest-august-2016/

 NETW 250 Full Course ILabs – latest August 2016

 NETW250 Week 1 iLab – How Is the PSTN Used Today?

 1.     What is a VPN as you understand it (before reading AT&T’s description)? (5 points)

 2.     What is a VPN as AT&T describes it? (5 points)

 3.     What is the difference between a MPLS and an IPSec VPN as AT&T explains it? (5 points)

.

 4.     What is metro Ethernet? (5 points)

 5.     What are SONET ring services? (5 points)

 6.     Does AT&T offer frame relay? (5 points)

 7.     Does AT&T offer T-carrier service, also called private line? (5 points)

.

 8.     AT&T offers DWDM as a service. What is DWDM? (5 points)

 NETW250 Week 2 iLab: Avaya IP Office Phone System

 NETW250 Week 3 iLab: Observing VoIP Protocols Using Wireshark

 NETW250 Week 4 iLab: Unified Communications Server Elastix: A One-Server Scenario

 NETW250 Week 5iLab: VoIP Traffic Engineering

 Task 1—Calculate the VoIP traffic load in access trunks to the Internet.

Q1.  What is the number of call-attempts during the busy hour at the company’s location?

Q2.  What is the traffic load in Erlangs during the busy hour?  Show calculation and units.

 Q3.  What in the dimension of traffic measurement unit Erlang?

Task 2—Calculate the number of SIP trunks and access link bandwidth required for VoIP calls to the Internet.

Q4.  What is the difference between a completed call and a callattempt?

 Q5.  What is the number of SIP trunks (lines from the online calculator) required to meet company’s need?

Q6.  What access bandwidth (Kbps from the online calculator) is required to connect the company’s location to the Internet?

Q7.  If T1 bandwidth is 1.544 Mbps, T3 bandwidth is 44.736 Mbps, and there are 28 T1 in a T3, what access connection(s) does the company need to lease in terms of T1 and/or T3?  Show the calculation.

 Q8.  Enter a screenshot below showing the results from the Erlang-to-VoIP bandwidth calculator.

 Task 3—Calculate the number of backup access channels to the PSTN.

Q9.  How many analog lines does the company need to subscribe from a TSP? Include a screenshot below that shows the calculator results. 48

 Q10.  Assume that each analog line can carry 1 Erlang of voice traffic. What is the utilization of the PSTN trunks if an Internet failure occurs during busy hour?  Show the calculation.?

 NETW250 Week 6iLab: Troubleshooting VoIP Traffic

  Examining VoIP Call Streams

 Answer the following questions based on the iLab6-Capture1.pcap file.

·         Which protocol was used for the telephone to attempt to register with the PBX?

–

·         What is the type or name of the message or request that is sent by the telephone to the PBX?

 ·         The TCP or UDP port that a VoIP protocol uses must be kept open in a firewall so that the traffic can pass through. In this same file, what TCP or UDP port is used in Frame 1?

 ·         The exchange between the telephone and PBX specifics a realm they belong to. What is the name of this realm?

 Answer the following questions based on the iLab6-Capture3 file.

·         In the file, SIP creates a connection between the two telephones and RTP carries the call session itself. How many frames are required by SIP to just setup this call?

 ·         In the file, SIP creates a link between the two telephones and RTP carries the call itself. How many frames are required by SIP to just end the call?

 Answer the following question based on the iLab6-Capture4.pcap file.

·         The RTP protocol is defined in an IETF RFC document; it specifies how RTP operates. What is this RFC?

 Answer the following questions based on the iLab6-Capture7 file.

·         The RTCP protocol appears in frame 529. What does RTCP stand for?

·         In the capture file, the RTCP protocol appears several times. What is the function of RTCP?

 ·         In the capture file, another protocol appears occasionally with SIP. The frames show it as SIP/SDP. What does SDP stand for?

 NETW250 Week 7 iLab: Unified Communications Server Elastix:A Two-Server Scenario

 Exercise 1—Testing phone calls between extensions before the interexchange trunk configuration

 Exercise 2—Configuring interexchange trunks and routes on two Elastix servers

 Task 3—Take two screenshots showing the configuration parameters of newly created trunk ELASTIX2.The screenshots should show the same information included in Figure 11 and Figure12

 Task 4—Takea screenshot showing that route Elastix2Exts is added to the ELASTIX_SRV1 server as demonstrated in Figure 18

 Task 5—Takea screenshot showing the configuration parameters of route Elastix2Exts on server ELASTIX_SRV1 as demonstrated in Figure 17.

 Task 6—Take a screenshot of the configuraion page showing that trunk ELASTIX1(iax) is created on ELASTIX_SRV2 as demontratedin Figure 19.

 Task 7—Take two screenshots showing the configuration parameters of newly created trunk ELASTIX1on server ELASTIX_SRV1.The screenshots should show the same information included in Figure 20 and Figure 21

 8—Takea screenshot showing that route Elastix1Exts is added tothe ELASTIX_SRV2 server as demonstrated in Figure 22.

 Task 9—Takea screenshot showing the configuration parameters of route Elastix1Exts on server ELASTIX_SRV2 as demonstrated in Figure 23.

 Task 10—Question:Compare and contrast SIP and IAX trunks, including typical applications where they are used and standards they based on. Cite references and sources used in this research.

 Exercise 3—Testing phone calls between interexchange extensions after the trunk configuration

Task 11—Take a screenshot of softphones 101 and 204 showing the call iscoming through as demonstrated in Figure 24.

 Task 12—Take a screenshot of softphones 102 and 203 showing the call iscoming through as demonstrated in Figure 25.

[passhotdumps]

Global Binding syslog collection ccie rs lab dumps

1. Question: Two users who want the same SSID cannot access each other, does port protection on the switch take effect?

Answer: When two users are connected to two different APs on the same switch, configuring port protection on the switch can achieve the effect of not visiting each other. But when two users are connected to an easy ip, configuring port protection on the switch is not valid and isolation implementations can be deployed on the AP or AP.

2. Question: When the protection interface is used under trunk, is it valid for all passing vlanes or only for native vlan?

Answer: When the protection interface is used under trunk, it is valid for all passing vlanes.

3. Question: What is the difference between ipv4 and ipv6 do the on global binding?

Answer: For ipv6 messages, there are several scenarios:

    When the global ipv4 plus MAC and ipv6 plus MAC bindings do not exist, the ipv6 (and ipv4) global security bindings do not take effect at which point all ipv6 (including ipv4) is released.

    When there is only ipv4 plus MAC binding under the global, ipv6 (and ipv4) global security binding takes effect and depending on the ipv6 secure address binding pattern. The forwarding rules are shown in the following table.

    When there is only ipv6 plus MAC binding under the global, the ipv6 (and ipv4) global security binding takes effect, and when the global ipv6 plus MAC is matched, it is forwarded directly. When not matching, the forwarding rules are shown in the following table and depending on the ipv6 secure address binding pattern.

    When there is both ipv4 and ipv6 and MAC bindings in the global context, it is consistent with the existence of only ipv4 plus MAC.

4. Question: How many interfaces can the switch configure when to deploy a global ip-mac address binding?

Answer: Up to 8 uplink interfaces. If 8 ports are already configured, the remaining are released using a secure channel.

5. Question: Is VPN users controlled in the case of global binding?

Answer: VPN users can understand the direct gateway to the router user to the intranet is also from the uplink in. It is not checked binding relationship.

6. Question: How do I empty the cached log information of the switch?

Answer: Configure clearlogging in cisco-mode

7. Issue: Log information on the switch: I/O ERROR: WHAT is the cause of NO SPACE left on device?

Answer: The log information is the lack of space of the device and dir look at the space of flash. It is found that the device space is no longer and the solution is to delete some useless files and the space is released.

8. Question: How do I configure the user to log on/out information and perform operations to log?

Answer: No log messages are allowed to be printed on the VTY window.

    Cisco (config) #no logging monitor

    Do not print log messages on the control panel

    Cisco (config) #no the local sand

9. Question: How do I configure to log the user login/exit information and perform operations?

Answer: Configuration command:

    Switch (config) #logging userinfo //record user login/exit log information

    Switch (config) #logging userinfo command-log //record all configuration commands that the user logs in to

10. Question: How can I still display log prompts when I set up telnet?

Answer: If the log is not displayed when the default telnet is, the display log command needs to be turned on, command: switch#terminal minitor

PASSHOT will often update some network engineers in the work of the difficult problems. If you feel good, please collect our website! Here can help you CCIE Written exam and CCIE Lab exam.  

[compunetss]

What is a virtual LAN?

What is a virtual LAN?A

virtual LAN

(

VLAN

) is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). ... VLANs allow network administrators to group hosts together even if the hosts are not on the same network switch.

Virtual LAN - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_LANSearch for:

What is a virtual LAN?

How do you set up a VLAN?

To create VLAN interfaces:

Determine the IP addresses that you want to assign to the VLAN interfaces on the switch. ...

Open a web browser.

In the browser address field, type the IP address of the smart switch. ...

Type the password in the Password field. ...

Click the Login button. ...

Select Routing>IP>IP Configuration.

More items...

How do I configure VLAN Routing on a smart switch? | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/24755/How-do-I-configure-VLAN-Routing-on-a-smart-switchSearch for:

How do you set up a VLAN?

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?A

VLAN

is a set of end stations and the switch ports that connect them. You can have different reasons for the logical division, such as department or project membership. ... Each

VLAN

in a network has an associated

VLAN

ID, which appears in the IEEE 802.1Q tag in the Layer 2 header of packets transmitted on a

VLAN

.

What is a virtual LAN (VLAN) and how does it work with my managed ...

https://kb.netgear.com/.../What-is-a-virtual-LAN-VLAN-and-how-does-it-work-with-my...Search for:

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?

What is the VLAN ID?

VLAN Tagging

is the practice of inserting a

VLAN ID

into a packet header in order to identify which

VLAN

(Virtual Local Area Network) the packet belongs to. More specifically, switches use the

VLAN ID

to determine which port(s), or interface(s), to send a broadcast packet to.

What is VLAN Tagging? Why should I enable VLAN Tagging support ...

https://www.bluecoat.com/sites/default/files/documents/files/VLAN_Tagging.1.pdfSearch for:

What is the VLAN ID?

What is the use of VLAN?A

VLAN

is a group of devices on one or more LANs that are configured to communicate as if they were attached to the same wire, when in fact they are located on a number of different LAN segments. Because

VLANs

are based on logical instead of physical connections, they are extremely flexible.

Understanding and Configuring VLANs - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst4500/12-2/25ew/.../vlans.htmlSearch for:

What is the use of VLAN?

What is VLAN stand for?Virtual Local Area Network

VLAN stands for

Virtual Local Area Network. A

VLAN

is a network that collects a set of network ports on a switching device into a single broadcast domain.

VLANs

are most often used over Ethernet networks.Dec 1, 2012

VLANS - Virtual Local Area Networks (IEEE 802.1Q) - InetDaemon.Com

www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/networking/lan/vlan/Search for:

What is VLAN stand for?

What is the full form of VLAN?

VLANs

are configured through software rather than hardware, which makes them extremely flexible. One of the biggest advantages of

VLANs

is that when a computer is physically moved to another location, it can stay on the same

VLAN

without any hardware reconfiguration.

What is VLAN? Webopedia Definition

www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/VLAN.htmlSearch for:

What is the full form of VLAN?

What are the advantages of using Vlans?

Advantages of VLANs

.

VLANs

provide a number of

advantages

, such as ease of administration, confinement of broadcast domains, reduced broadcast traffic, and enforcement of security policies.

VLANs

provide the following

advantages

:

VLANs

enable logical grouping of end-stations that are physically dispersed on a network.

Advantages of VLANs - NetApp

https://library.netapp.com/.../GUID-C9DA920B-F414-4017-8DD1-D77D7FD3CC8C.ht...Search for:

What are the advantages of using Vlans?

How do you route between VLANs?

Step-by-Step Instructions

Enable routing on the switch with the ip routing command. ...

Make note of the VLANs that you want to route between. ...

Use the show vlan command in order to verify that the VLANs exist in the VLAN database. ...

Determine the IP addresses you want to assign to the VLAN interface on the switch.

More items...

Configure InterVLAN Routing on Layer 3 Switches - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/...vlan.../41860-howto-L3-intervlanrouting.htmlSearch for:

How do you route between VLANs?

What is VLAN bridge setup?In a LAN environment,

VLANs

divide broadcast domains. ... This type of routing is called inter-

VLAN

routing. On a smart switch, you can

set up

inter-

VLAN

routing by creating a Layer 3 interface, that is, a switch virtual interface (SVI). By default, a port is enabled for

bridging

rather than routing.

What is VLAN Routing? | Answer | NETGEAR Support

https://kb.netgear.com/24754/What-is-VLAN-RoutingSearch for:

What is VLAN bridge setup?

What is a VLAN trunk?

VLAN Trunking

Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of

Virtual Local Area Networks

(

VLAN

) on the whole local area network. To do this, VTP carries

VLAN

information to all the switches in a VTP domain. VTP advertisements can be sent over 802.1Q, and ISL trunks.

VLAN Trunking Protocol - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_Trunking_ProtocolSearch for:

What is a VLAN trunk?

What is 802.1 Q?IEEE

802.1Q

is the networking standard that supports virtual LANs (VLANs) on an Ethernet network. The standard defines a system of VLAN tagging for Ethernet frames and the accompanying procedures to be used by bridges and switches in handling such frames.

IEEE 802.1Q - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1QSearch for:

What is 802.1 Q?

What are the main differences between a LAN and a VLAN?The purpose of a

VLAN

is simple: It removes the limitation of physically switched

LANs

with all devices automatically connected to each other. With a

VLAN

, it is possible to have hosts that are connected together on the same physical

LAN

but not allowed to communicate directly.May 29, 2015

Differences Between Physical and Virtual LANs | Virtual vs. Physical ...

www.pearsonitcertification.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2343470&seqNum=2Search for:

What are the main differences between a LAN and a VLAN?

Why would you use a VLAN?

VLAN's

can be used to create broadcast domains which eliminate the need for expensive routers. Periodically, sensitive data may be broadcast on a network. In such cases, placing only those users who can have access to that data on a

VLAN

can reduce the chances of an outsider gaining access to the data.

Virtual Local Area Networks - Computer Science & Engineering

www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-97/ftp/virtual_lans/Search for:

Why would you use a VLAN?

What is VLAN how to configure?A virtual LAN (

VLAN

) is a broadcast domain created by switches.

VLANs

are a convenient way to connect ports from different switches and different buildings onto the same network and broadcast domain, preventing the need for a complex system of subnets.

Configuring VLANs - SearchNetworking - TechTarget

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/Configuring-VLANsSearch for:

What is VLAN how to configure?

What is the use of inter VLAN routing?Virtual LANs (

VLANs

) divide one physical network into multiple broadcast domains. But,

VLAN

-enabled switches cannot, by themselves, forward traffic across

VLAN

boundaries. So you need to have

routing

between these

VLANs

which is called

interVLAN routing

.

What is interVLAN routing?

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/answer/What-is-interVLAN-routingSearch for:

What is the use of inter VLAN routing?

What is the use of native VLAN?The

native VLAN

is the only

VLAN

which is not tagged in a trunk, in other words,

native VLAN

frames are transmitted unchanged. Per default the

native VLAN

is

VLAN

1 but you can change that: #show interface Fa0/8 trunk. ... Port Mode Encapsulation Status

Native vlan

. Fa0/8 on 802.1q other 2.Jan 6, 2013

What is difference between Default VLAN and Native VLAN? | Getting ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/.../what-difference-between-default-vlan-and-native-vla...Search for:

What is the use of native VLAN?

What is a trunk port?A

trunk port

is a

port

that is assigned to carry traffic for all the VLANs that are accessible by a specific switch, a process known as trunking.

Trunk ports

mark frames with unique identifying tags – either 802.1Q tags or Inter-Switch Link (ISL) tags – as they move between switches.

What is a Trunk Port? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27008/trunk-portSearch for:

What is a trunk port?

What is the difference between tagged and untagged ports?The

ports between

switch and customers are "

untagged

" meaning for the customer the arriving packet is just a normal Ethernet packet. The

port between

router and switch is configured as a trunk

port

so that both router and switch know which packet belongs to which customer VLAN.Feb 25, 2014

Why and how are Ethernet Vlans tagged? - Network Engineering ...

https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/.../why-and-how-are-ethernet-vlans-tagg...Search for:

What is the difference between tagged and untagged ports?

What is a trunk port?A

trunk port

is a

port

that is assigned to carry traffic for all the VLANs that are accessible by a specific switch, a process known as trunking.

Trunk ports

mark frames with unique identifying tags – either 802.1Q tags or Inter-Switch Link (ISL) tags – as they move between switches.

What is a Trunk Port? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27008/trunk-portSearch for:

What is a trunk port?

What is the difference between tagged and untagged ports?  What is a broadcast domain?A

broadcast domain

is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by

broadcast

at the data link layer. A

broadcast domain

can be within the same LAN segment or it can be bridged to other LAN segments. ... Routers and other higher-layer devices form boundaries between

broadcast domains

.

Broadcast domain - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_domainSearch for:

What is a broadcast domain?

What is the use of Vxlan?Virtual Extensible LAN (

VXLAN

) is a proposed encapsulation protocol for running an overlay network on existing Layer 3 infrastructure. An overlay network is a virtual network that is built on top of existing network Layer 2 and Layer 3 technologies to support elastic compute architectures.

What is VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN)? - Definition from WhatIs.com

whatis.techtarget.com/definition/VXLANSearch for:

What is the use of Vxlan?

What is a trunk in networking?

Trunking

is a technique used in data communications transmission systems to provide many users with access to a

network

by sharing multiple lines or frequencies. As the name implies, the system is like a tree with one trunk and many branches.

What is Trunking? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9775/trunkingSearch for:

What is a trunk in networking?

What is meant by LAN?A

local area network

(

LAN

) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a

LAN

encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment.

What is local area network (LAN)? - Definition from WhatIs.com

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/local-area-network-LANSearch for:

What is meant by LAN?

What is l2 switch?Traditional

switching

operates at

layer 2

of the OSI model, where packets are sent to a specific

switch

port based on destination MAC addresses. Routing operates at layer 3, where packets are sent to a specific next-hop IP address, based on destination IP address.Mar 17, 2015

Layer 3 versus Layer 2 Switch for VLANs - Cisco Meraki

https://documentation.meraki.com/MS/.../Layer_3_versus_Layer_2_Switch_for_VLANsSearch for:

What is l2 switch?

What is the WLAN?A

wireless local area network

(

WLAN

) is a wireless distribution method for two or more devices that use high-frequency radio waves and often include an access point to the Internet. A

WLAN

allows users to move around the coverage area, often a home or small office, while maintaining a network connection.

What is a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)? - Definition from ...

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5107/wireless-local-area-network-wlanSearch for:

What is the WLAN?

What is the range of VLAN?Default Ethernet VLAN ConfigurationParameterDefaultRange

Remote SPANdisabledenabled, disabled

Translational bridge 100 to 1005

Translational bridge 200 to 1005

VLAN ID11 to 4094. Note Extended-range VLANs (VLAN IDs 1006 to 4094) are not saved in the VLAN database.

5 more rows

Extended VLAN ID - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_4t/12_4t15/ht_xvlan.htmlSearch for:

What is the range of VLAN?

What is a data VLAN?A

data VLAN

is a

VLAN

that is configured to carry user-generated traffic. A

VLAN

carrying voice or management traffic would not be part of a

data VLAN

. It is common practice to separate voice and management traffic from

data

traffic.Apr 7, 2014

VLAN Segmentation (3.1) > Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181837&seqNum=4Search for:

What is a data VLAN?

What is VLAN security?VLAN hopping is a

computer security exploit

, a method of attacking networked resources on a virtual LAN (VLAN). The basic concept behind all VLAN hopping attacks is for an attacking host on a VLAN to gain access to traffic on other VLANs that would normally not be accessible.

VLAN hopping - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_hoppingSearch for:

What is VLAN security?

What is a SVI?A

Switched Virtual Interface

(SVI) is a

virtual

LAN (VLAN) of

switch

ports represented by one

interface

to a routing or bridging system. There is no physical

interface

for the VLAN and the SVI provides the Layer 3 processing for packets from all

switch

ports associated with the VLAN.

Switch virtual interface - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_virtual_interfaceSearch for:

What is a SVI?

What is a router on a stick?

Router-on-a-stick

is a term frequently used to describe a setup up that consists of a

router

and switch connected using one Ethernet link configured as an 802.1q trunk link. In this setup, the switch is configured with multiple VLANs and the

router

performs all

routing

between the different networks/VLANs.

How To Configure Router On A Stick - 802.1q Trunk To Cisco Router

www.firewall.cx/cisco-technical...routers/336-cisco-router-8021q-router-stick.htmlSearch for:

What is a router on a stick?

What is VLAN IPTV setup?Some ISPs provide other services aside from Internet such as

IPTV

and phone service to their customers. ... To configure

VLAN IPTV setup

on your Nighthawk router: Use a computer or Wi-Fi device that is connected to your Nighthawk router.

Configuring VLAN IPTV setup on your Nighthawk router | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/29911/Configuring-VLAN-IPTV-setup-on-your-Nighthawk-routerSearch for:

What is VLAN IPTV setup?

What is integrated routing and bridging?

Integrated Routing and Bridging

(IRB) is a technique that allows a protocol to be

bridged

as well as

routed

on the same interface on a

router

. When a

router

is configured for IRB, it maintains the existing VLAN header when forwarding the frame between the interfaces.May 31, 2008

How does VLAN routing and bridging work when using IRB? | Network ...

www.networkworld.com/.../how-does-vlan-routing-and-bridging-work-when-using-irb-...Search for:

What is integrated routing and bridging?

What is the access port?An "

access port

" is a type of connection on a switch that is used to connect a guest virtual machine that is VLAN unaware. This

port

provides the virtual machine with connectivity through a switch that is VLAN aware without requiring it to support VLAN tagging.

What Is an Access Port? - IBM

https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSB27U_6.4.0/.../hcpa643.htmSearch for:

What is the access port?

What is VTP CCNA?

VTP

is a protocol used to distribute and synchronize identifying information about VLANs configured throughout a switched network. Configurations made to a single

VTP

server are propagated across trunk links to all connected switches in the network.Dec 5, 2003

VLAN Trunking Protocol > CCNA Self-Study (ICND Exam): Extending ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=102157&seqNum=3Search for:

What is VTP CCNA?

What is the difference between a router and a switch?What's the

difference between

a hub, a

switch, and a router

? Hubs,

switches

, and

routers

are all devices that let you connect one or more computers to other computers, networked devices, or even other networks. Each has two or more connectors called ports into which you plug in the cables to make the connection.Feb 23, 2013

What's the difference between a hub, a switch, and a router? - Ask Leo!

https://askleo.com/whats_the_difference_between_a_hub_a_switch_and_a_router/Search for:

What is the difference between a router and a switch?

What is the spanning tree protocol?

Spanning Tree Protocol

(

STP

) is a Layer 2

protocol

that runs on bridges and switches. The specification for

STP

is IEEE 802.1D. The main purpose of

STP

is to ensure that you do not create loops when you have redundant paths in your network. Loops are deadly to a network.Aug 17, 2006

Understanding and Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on ...

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree.../5234-5.htmlSearch for:

What is the spanning tree protocol?

What is the difference between a VLAN and a VPN?

VLAN

is a subcategory of

VPN

and

VPN

is a means of creating a secured network for safe data transmission. A

VLAN

is basically a means to logically segregate networks without physically segregating them with various switches. A

VPN

is used to connect two points in a secured and encrypted tunnel.

What is the difference between VLAN, VPN, MPLS and MPLS-VPN ...

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-VLAN-VPN-MPLS-and-MPLS-...Search for:

What is the difference between a VLAN and a VPN?

What is a router on a stick?

Router-on-a-stick

is a term frequently used to describe a setup up that consists of a

router

and switch connected using one Ethernet link configured as an 802.1q trunk link. In this setup, the switch is configured with multiple VLANs and the

router

performs all

routing

between the different networks/VLANs.

How To Configure Router On A Stick - 802.1q Trunk To Cisco Router

www.firewall.cx/cisco-technical...routers/336-cisco-router-8021q-router-stick.htmlSearch for:

What is a router on a stick?

What is VLAN IPTV setup?Some ISPs provide other services aside from Internet such as

IPTV

and phone service to their customers. ... To configure

VLAN IPTV setup

on your Nighthawk router: Use a computer or Wi-Fi device that is connected to your Nighthawk router.

Configuring VLAN IPTV setup on your Nighthawk router | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/29911/Configuring-VLAN-IPTV-setup-on-your-Nighthawk-routerSearch for:

What is VLAN IPTV setup?

What is integrated routing and bridging?

Integrated Routing and Bridging

(IRB) is a technique that allows a protocol to be

bridged

as well as

routed

on the same interface on a

router

. When a

router

is configured for IRB, it maintains the existing VLAN header when forwarding the frame between the interfaces.May 31, 2008

How does VLAN routing and bridging work when using IRB? | Network ...

www.networkworld.com/.../how-does-vlan-routing-and-bridging-work-when-using-irb-...Search for:

What is integrated routing and bridging?

What is the access port?An "

access port

" is a type of connection on a switch that is used to connect a guest virtual machine that is VLAN unaware. This

port

provides the virtual machine with connectivity through a switch that is VLAN aware without requiring it to support VLAN tagging.

What Is an Access Port? - IBM

https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSB27U_6.4.0/.../hcpa643.htmSearch for:

What is the access port?

What is VTP CCNA?

VTP

is a protocol used to distribute and synchronize identifying information about VLANs configured throughout a switched network. Configurations made to a single

VTP

server are propagated across trunk links to all connected switches in the network.Dec 5, 2003

VLAN Trunking Protocol > CCNA Self-Study (ICND Exam): Extending ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=102157&seqNum=3Search for:

What is VTP CCNA?

What is the difference between a router and a switch?What's the

difference between

a hub, a

switch, and a router

? Hubs,

switches

, and

routers

are all devices that let you connect one or more computers to other computers, networked devices, or even other networks. Each has two or more connectors called ports into which you plug in the cables to make the connection.Feb 23, 2013

What's the difference between a hub, a switch, and a router? - Ask Leo!

https://askleo.com/whats_the_difference_between_a_hub_a_switch_and_a_router/Search for:

What is the difference between a router and a switch?

What is the spanning tree protocol?

Spanning Tree Protocol

(

STP

) is a Layer 2

protocol

that runs on bridges and switches. The specification for

STP

is IEEE 802.1D. The main purpose of

STP

is to ensure that you do not create loops when you have redundant paths in your network. Loops are deadly to a network.Aug 17, 2006

Understanding and Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on ...

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree.../5234-5.htmlSearch for:

What is the spanning tree protocol?

What is the difference between a VLAN and a VPN?  What is the subnet?A subnetwork or

subnet

is a logical subdivision of an IP

network

. The practice of dividing a

network

into two or more

networks

is called

subnetting

. Computers that belong to a

subnet

are addressed with a common, identical, most-significant bit-group in their IP address.

Subnetwork - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SubnetworkSearch for:

What is the subnet?

How can I tell what VLAN I am on?

Click OK.

In Device Manager, open Network adapters.

Right-click on the NIC and choose Properties.

Click the Advanced tab.

Scroll down to VLAN ID.

Set the ID that you would like the NIC to have and click OK.

How do I set a virtual local area network (VLAN) tag with my network ...

https://www.startech.com/faq/networking_VLAN_taggingSearch for:

How can I tell what VLAN I am on?

What is meant by quality of service?Quality of service (QoS) refers to a network's ability to achieve

maximum

bandwidth and deal with other network performance elements like latency, error rate and uptime.

What is Quality of Service (QoS)? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9049/quality-of-serviceSearch for:

What is meant by quality of service?

How do you configure a switch?To

configure

the default gateway for the

switch

, use the ip default-gateway command. Enter the IP address of the default gateway. The default gateway is the IP address of the router interface to which the

switch

connects. Use the following command to backup the

configuration

: copy running-config startup-config.Mar 31, 2014

Basic Switch Configuration (2.1) > Cisco Networking Academy's ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181836&seqNum=4Search for:

How do you configure a switch?

What is a wireless VLAN?

Virtual local area networks

(

VLANs

) are a wonderful

wireless

network security tool by enabling its separation technology. You can implement

VLANs

in several ways when working with your

wireless

LAN.

VLANs

allow you to. Separate different types of traffic based on the SSID to which they connect.

Wireless Network Security: Isolating Users with VLANs - dummies

www.dummies.com/programming/.../wireless-network-security-isolating-users-with-vlan...Search for:

What is a wireless VLAN?

How can we create a VLAN on a switch?

To create VLAN interfaces:

Determine the IP addresses that you want to assign to the VLAN interfaces on the switch. ...

Open a web browser.

In the browser address field, type the IP address of the smart switch. ...

Type the password in the Password field. ...

Click the Login button. ...

Select Routing>IP>IP Configuration.

More items...

How do I configure VLAN Routing on a smart switch? | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/24755/How-do-I-configure-VLAN-Routing-on-a-smart-switchSearch for:

How can we create a VLAN on a switch?

What is the VLAN?A virtual LAN (

VLAN

) is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). ...

VLANs

allow network administrators to group hosts together even if the hosts are not on the same network switch.

VLANs - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_LANSearch for:

What is the VLAN?

What is the VLAN 1?

VLAN

Design Guidelines (3.3.2.1) Cisco switches have a factory configuration in which default

VLANs

are preconfigured to support various media and protocol types. The default Ethernet

VLAN

is

VLAN 1

. It is a security best practice to configure all the ports on all switches to be associated with

VLANs

other than

VLAN 1

.Apr 7, 2014

Design Best Practices for VLANs (3.3.2) > Cisco Networking ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181837&seqNum=11Search for:

What is the VLAN 1?

Is native VLAN tagged or untagged?By default all ports (access links) belong to

VLAN

1 or

native VLAN

. Hello Sandy,

native vlan

is an 802.1Q concept: frames belonging to

native vlan

are sent

untagged

. ...

Vlan tagging

is happens only when frame going through the trunk and the switch strip the

vlan tag

before sending to the port where pc is connected .Jan 13, 2010

Why Native VLAN exists on a Trunk? | LAN, Switching and Routing ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/10811246/why-native-vlan-exists-trunkSearch for:

Is native VLAN tagged or untagged?

What is a trunk port in Cisco switches?Enabling Trunking.

Trunk

links are required to pass VLAN information between

switches

. A port on a

Cisco switch

is either an access port or a

trunk

port. Access ports belong to a single VLAN and do not provide any identifying marks on the frames that are passed between

switches

.Oct 25, 2002

Trunking > VLANs and Trunking - Cisco Press

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=29803&seqNum=3Search for:

What is a trunk port in Cisco switches?

What is the spanning tree protocol?

Spanning Tree Protocol

(

STP

) is a Layer 2

protocol

that runs on bridges and switches. The specification for

STP

is IEEE 802.1D. The main purpose of

STP

is to ensure that you do not create loops when you have redundant paths in your network. Loops are deadly to a network.Aug 17, 2006

Understanding and Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on ...

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree.../5234-5.htmlSearch for:

What is the spanning tree protocol?

What is the difference between a VLAN and a VPN?  What is the subnet?A subnetwork or

subnet

is a logical subdivision of an IP

network

. The practice of dividing a

network

into two or more

networks

is called

subnetting

. Computers that belong to a

subnet

are addressed with a common, identical, most-significant bit-group in their IP address.

Subnetwork - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SubnetworkSearch for:

What is the subnet?

How can I tell what VLAN I am on?

Click OK.

In Device Manager, open Network adapters.

Right-click on the NIC and choose Properties.

Click the Advanced tab.

Scroll down to VLAN ID.

Set the ID that you would like the NIC to have and click OK.

How do I set a virtual local area network (VLAN) tag with my network ...

https://www.startech.com/faq/networking_VLAN_taggingSearch for:

How can I tell what VLAN I am on?

What is meant by quality of service?Quality of service (QoS) refers to a network's ability to achieve

maximum

bandwidth and deal with other network performance elements like latency, error rate and uptime.

What is Quality of Service (QoS)? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9049/quality-of-serviceSearch for:

What is meant by quality of service?

How do you configure a switch?To

configure

the default gateway for the

switch

, use the ip default-gateway command. Enter the IP address of the default gateway. The default gateway is the IP address of the router interface to which the

switch

connects. Use the following command to backup the

configuration

: copy running-config startup-config.Mar 31, 2014

Basic Switch Configuration (2.1) > Cisco Networking Academy's ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181836&seqNum=4Search for:

How do you configure a switch?

What is a wireless VLAN?

Virtual local area networks

(

VLANs

) are a wonderful

wireless

network security tool by enabling its separation technology. You can implement

VLANs

in several ways when working with your

wireless

LAN.

VLANs

allow you to. Separate different types of traffic based on the SSID to which they connect.

Wireless Network Security: Isolating Users with VLANs - dummies

www.dummies.com/programming/.../wireless-network-security-isolating-users-with-vlan...Search for:

What is a wireless VLAN?

How can we create a VLAN on a switch?

To create VLAN interfaces:

Determine the IP addresses that you want to assign to the VLAN interfaces on the switch. ...

Open a web browser.

In the browser address field, type the IP address of the smart switch. ...

Type the password in the Password field. ...

Click the Login button. ...

Select Routing>IP>IP Configuration.

More items...

How do I configure VLAN Routing on a smart switch? | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/24755/How-do-I-configure-VLAN-Routing-on-a-smart-switchSearch for:

How can we create a VLAN on a switch?

What is the VLAN?A virtual LAN (

VLAN

) is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). ...

VLANs

allow network administrators to group hosts together even if the hosts are not on the same network switch.

VLANs - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_LANSearch for:

What is the VLAN?

What is the VLAN 1?

VLAN

Design Guidelines (3.3.2.1) Cisco switches have a factory configuration in which default

VLANs

are preconfigured to support various media and protocol types. The default Ethernet

VLAN

is

VLAN 1

. It is a security best practice to configure all the ports on all switches to be associated with

VLANs

other than

VLAN 1

.Apr 7, 2014

Design Best Practices for VLANs (3.3.2) > Cisco Networking ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181837&seqNum=11Search for:

What is the VLAN 1?

Is native VLAN tagged or untagged?By default all ports (access links) belong to

VLAN

1 or

native VLAN

. Hello Sandy,

native vlan

is an 802.1Q concept: frames belonging to

native vlan

are sent

untagged

. ...

Vlan tagging

is happens only when frame going through the trunk and the switch strip the

vlan tag

before sending to the port where pc is connected .Jan 13, 2010

Why Native VLAN exists on a Trunk? | LAN, Switching and Routing ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/10811246/why-native-vlan-exists-trunkSearch for:

Is native VLAN tagged or untagged?

What is a trunk port in Cisco switches?  What is a telephone trunk line?In telecommunications,

trunking

is a method for a system to provide network access to many clients by sharing a set of

lines

or frequencies instead of providing them individually. This is analogous to the structure of a tree with one

trunk

and many branches.

Trunking - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrunkingSearch for:

What is a telephone trunk line?

What is tagged and untagged traffic?When a port is set to access it means that the port is part of the VLAN forwarding wise (MAC table) but all frames are sent

untagged

. When frames from that VLAN are sent over a trunk they get a tag added so the receiving switch knows to which VLAN the

traffic

belongs.Apr 11, 2013

Tagged vs Untagged Traffic - 54957 - The Cisco Learning Network

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/54957Search for:

What is tagged and untagged traffic?

How do VLAN tags work?

VLAN Tagging

is the practice of inserting a

VLAN

ID into a packet header in order to identify which

VLAN

(Virtual Local Area Network) the packet belongs to. More specifically, switches use the

VLAN

ID to determine which port(s), or interface(s), to send a broadcast packet to.

What is VLAN Tagging? Why should I enable VLAN Tagging support ...

https://www.bluecoat.com/sites/default/files/documents/files/VLAN_Tagging.1.pdfSearch for:

How do VLAN tags work?

What is broadcast domain in VLAN?A

VLAN

is a group of switch ports, within a single or multiple switches, that is defined by the switch hardware and/or software as a single

broadcast domain

. A

VLAN's

goal is to group devices connected to a switch into logical

broadcast domains

to control the effect that

broadcasts

have on other connected devices.Dec 5, 2003

CCNA Self-Study (ICND Exam): Extending Switched Networks with ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=102157Search for:

What is broadcast domain in VLAN?

How many broadcast and collision domains are on a switch?With all this information, you can say that on your diagram, there are

2 broadcast domains

(1 router that separates 2 LAN segments composed by one or many switches, with only 1 VLAN per segment).Jul 15, 2008

Broadcast Domains and Collision Domains - 1734 - The Cisco ...

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/1734Search for:

How many broadcast and collision domains are on a switch?

What is Vxlan used for?Virtual Extensible LAN (

VXLAN

) is a network virtualization technology that attempts to address the scalability problems associated with large cloud computing deployments. ...

VXLAN

is an evolution of efforts to standardize on an overlay encapsulation protocol.

Virtual Extensible LAN - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Extensible_LANSearch for:

What is Vxlan used for?

What is Vxlan Cisco?VLANs provide logical segmentation of Layer 2 boundaries or broadcast domains. ...

Cisco

, in partnership with other leading vendors, proposed the Virtual Extensible LAN (

VXLAN

) standard to the IETF as a solution to the data center network challenges posed by traditional VLAN technology.Nov 6, 2013

VXLAN Overview: Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/switches/.../white-paper-c11-729383.htmlSearch for:

What is Vxlan Cisco?

What is pruning in networking?VTP

pruning

helps improve proper allocation and use of

network

bandwidth by reducing unnecessary flooded traffic, such as broadcast, multicast, unknown, and flooded unicast packets. ... By default, VLANs 2 – 1001 are

pruning

eligible, but VLAN 1 can't be

pruned

because it's an administrativeVLAN.Nov 9, 2015

What is VTP Pruning ? Explanation with Examples

www.orbit-computer-solutions.com/vtp-pruning/Search for:

What is pruning in networking?

What is a VLAN trunk?

VLAN Trunking

Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of

Virtual Local Area Networks

(

VLAN

) on the whole local area network. To do this, VTP carries

VLAN

information to all the switches in a VTP domain. VTP advertisements can be sent over 802.1Q, and ISL trunks.

VLAN Trunking Protocol - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_Trunking_ProtocolSearch for:

What is a VLAN trunk?

What is a local area network connection?

Local area connections

is a phrase most often associated with Microsoft Windows Operating System(s). Typically, computers running Windows are connected to a

local area

network (LAN). When you install Windows, your network adapter is detected, and a

local area connection

is created.

What is Local Area Connection? Webopedia Definition

www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/local_area_connections.htmlSearch for:

What is a local area network connection?

What is a LAN and how does it work?A

LAN

is a somewhat ambiguous term. This could mean the internal side of a corporate network (possibly, but not usually containing routers), the wireless side of a home router, or a single switched network in the same local subnet. If you say

LAN

, you usually mean a network where all devices are in the same subnet.

How does a Local Area Network (LAN) work? - Quora

https://www.quora.com/How-does-a-Local-Area-Network-LAN-workSearch for:

What is a LAN and how does it work?

What is the function of a Layer 2 switch?Cisco

Layer 2 Switch Functions

.

Layer 2 switch

is A network device that forwards traffic based on MAC

layer

(Ethernet or Token Ring) addresses. ...

Layer 2 switches

effectively provide the same functionality. They are similar to multiport bridges in that they learn and forward frames on each port.Nov 18, 2007

Cisco Layer 2 Switch Functions | Debian Admin

www.debianadmin.com/cisco-layer-2-switch-functions.htmlSearch for:

What is the function of a Layer 2 switch?

What is a Layer 2 network?

Layer 2

refers to the Data Link

layer

of the commonly-referenced multilayered communication model, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). The Data Link

layer

is concerned with moving data across the physical links in the network.

What is layer 2? - Definition from WhatIs.com - SearchNetworking

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/layer-2Search for:

What is a Layer 2 network?

What is difference WLAN and WIFI?Technically,

WLAN

means any

wireless local area network

no matter what technology is used and

Wi-Fi

is a type of

WLAN

that follows the IEEE 802.11 standards which most

WLANs

in use today do, that's why they are commonly used interchangeably.

Wi-Fi

as a name for the standard is a trademark of the

Wi-Fi

Alliance.

What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WLAN? - Quora

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Wi-Fi-and-WLANSearch for:

What is difference WLAN and WIFI?

Is WIFI and WLAN the same thing?While wireless LANs refer to any local area network (LAN) that a mobile user can connect to through a wireless (radio) connection;

Wi-Fi

(short for "wireless fidelity") is a term for certain types of

WLANs

that use specifications in the 802.11 wireless protocol family.

Wireless vs. Wi-Fi: What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WLAN?

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/.../Wireless-vs-Wi-Fi-What-is-the-difference-between-...Search for:

Is WIFI and WLAN the same thing?

What are the advantages of using Vlans?

Advantages of VLANs

.

VLANs

provide a number of

advantages

, such as ease of administration, confinement of broadcast domains, reduced broadcast traffic, and enforcement of security policies.

VLANs

provide the following

advantages

:

VLANs

enable logical grouping of end-stations that are physically dispersed on a network.

Advantages of VLANs - NetApp

https://library.netapp.com/.../GUID-C9DA920B-F414-4017-8DD1-D77D7FD3CC8C.ht...Search for:

What are the advantages of using Vlans?

What is a broadcast domain?A

broadcast domain

is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by

broadcast

at the data link layer. A

broadcast domain

can be within the same LAN segment or it can be bridged to other LAN segments. ... Routers and other higher-layer devices form boundaries between

broadcast domains

.

Broadcast domain - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_domainSearch for:

What is a broadcast domain?

What is the use of native VLAN?The

native VLAN

is the only

VLAN

which is not tagged in a trunk, in other words,

native VLAN

frames are transmitted unchanged. Per default the

native VLAN

is

VLAN

1 but you can change that: #show interface Fa0/8 trunk. ... Port Mode Encapsulation Status

Native vlan

. Fa0/8 on 802.1q other 2.Jan 6, 2013

What is difference between Default VLAN and Native VLAN? | Getting ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/.../what-difference-between-default-vlan-and-native-vla...Search for:

What is the use of native VLAN?

What is the native VLAN Cisco?

Cisco

IOS and

Native VLANs

. An 802.1Q trunk port can carry tagged and untagged frames because Ethernet is assumed to be a shared medium and there may hosts on the medium that cannot handle untagged frames. Untagged frames must placed into a

VLAN

by the receiving switch, the

native VLAN

is the

VLAN

used.Jun 9, 2011

Basics: Cisco IOS Native VLANs - EtherealMind

etherealmind.com/basics-cisco-ios-native-vlans/Search for:

What is the native VLAN Cisco?

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?A

VLAN

is a set of end stations and the switch ports that connect them. You can have different reasons for the logical division, such as department or project membership. ... Each

VLAN

in a network has an associated

VLAN

ID, which appears in the IEEE 802.1Q tag in the Layer 2 header of packets transmitted on a

VLAN

.

What is a virtual LAN (VLAN) and how does it work with my managed ...

https://kb.netgear.com/.../What-is-a-virtual-LAN-VLAN-and-how-does-it-work-with-my...Search for:

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?

What is a VLAN hopping attack?

VLAN hopping

is a computer security exploit, a method of attacking networked resources on a virtual LAN (

VLAN

). The basic concept behind all

VLAN hopping

attacks is for an attacking host on a

VLAN

to gain access to traffic on other

VLANs

that would normally not be accessible.

VLAN hopping - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_hoppingSearch for:

What is a VLAN hopping attack?

What is routed port on a switch?[Study CCNA or CCNP

SWITCH

with Cisco Press] A

routed port

on a

switch

can act like a

port

on a router.

Routed switch ports

aren't joined to any VLANs and they do not support VLAN subinterfaces. Because they are

routed ports

, you can configure a Layer 3 protocol.Dec 18, 2013

What Is A Cisco Routed Port - Packet6

https://www.packet6.com/what-is-a-cisco-routed-port/Search for:

What is routed port on a switch?

What is SVI in Cisco switch?A Switched Virtual Interface (

SVI

) is a virtual LAN (VLAN) of

switch

ports represented by one interface to a routing or bridging system. There is no physical interface for the VLAN and the

SVI

provides the Layer 3 processing for packets from all

switch

ports associated with the VLAN.

Switch virtual interface - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_virtual_interfaceSearch for:

What is SVI in Cisco switch?

What does encapsulation dot1q do?IEEE 802.1Q

encapsulation

is configurable on Ethernet and EtherChannel interfaces. IEEE 802.1Q is a standard protocol for interconnecting multiple switches and routers and for defining VLAN topologies. Use the

encapsulation dot1q

command in subinterface range configuration mode to apply a VLAN ID to the subinterface.

encapsulation dot1Q - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/m/en_us/techdoc/dc/reference/cli/nxos/.../encapsulation-dot1q.htmlSearch for:

What does encapsulation dot1q do?

What is a router on a stick Cisco?

Router-on-a-stick

is a term frequently used to describe a setup up that consists of a

router

and switch connected using one Ethernet link configured as an 802.1q trunk link. In this setup, the switch is configured with multiple VLANs and the

router

performs all

routing

between the different networks/VLANs.

How To Configure Router On A Stick - 802.1q Trunk To Cisco Router

www.firewall.cx/cisco-technical...routers/336-cisco-router-8021q-router-stick.htmlSearch for:

What is a router on a stick Cisco?

What is VLAN IPTV?There are Internet Service Providers (ISP) that provide multiple services such as Internet,

IPTV

and phone service. They also require you to configure

VLAN

tagging for those services to work behind your device.

Enabling VLAN/IPTV Setup on D6220/D7800 | Answer | NETGEAR ...

https://kb.netgear.com/29808/Enabling-VLAN-IPTV-Setup-on-D6220-D7800Search for:

What is VLAN IPTV?

What is a Layer 2 network?

Layer 2

refers to the Data Link

layer

of the commonly-referenced multilayered communication model, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). The Data Link

layer

is concerned with moving data across the physical links in the network.

What is layer 2? - Definition from WhatIs.com - SearchNetworking

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/layer-2Search for:

What is a Layer 2 network?

What is difference WLAN and WIFI?Technically,

WLAN

means any

wireless local area network

no matter what technology is used and

Wi-Fi

is a type of

WLAN

that follows the IEEE 802.11 standards which most

WLANs

in use today do, that's why they are commonly used interchangeably.

Wi-Fi

as a name for the standard is a trademark of the

Wi-Fi

Alliance.

What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WLAN? - Quora

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Wi-Fi-and-WLANSearch for:

What is difference WLAN and WIFI?

Is WIFI and WLAN the same thing?While wireless LANs refer to any local area network (LAN) that a mobile user can connect to through a wireless (radio) connection;

Wi-Fi

(short for "wireless fidelity") is a term for certain types of

WLANs

that use specifications in the 802.11 wireless protocol family.

Wireless vs. Wi-Fi: What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WLAN?

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/.../Wireless-vs-Wi-Fi-What-is-the-difference-between-...Search for:

Is WIFI and WLAN the same thing?

What are the advantages of using Vlans?

Advantages of VLANs

.

VLANs

provide a number of

advantages

, such as ease of administration, confinement of broadcast domains, reduced broadcast traffic, and enforcement of security policies.

VLANs

provide the following

advantages

:

VLANs

enable logical grouping of end-stations that are physically dispersed on a network.

Advantages of VLANs - NetApp

https://library.netapp.com/.../GUID-C9DA920B-F414-4017-8DD1-D77D7FD3CC8C.ht...Search for:

What are the advantages of using Vlans?

What is a broadcast domain?A

broadcast domain

is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by

broadcast

at the data link layer. A

broadcast domain

can be within the same LAN segment or it can be bridged to other LAN segments. ... Routers and other higher-layer devices form boundaries between

broadcast domains

.

Broadcast domain - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_domainSearch for:

What is a broadcast domain?

What is the use of native VLAN?The

native VLAN

is the only

VLAN

which is not tagged in a trunk, in other words,

native VLAN

frames are transmitted unchanged. Per default the

native VLAN

is

VLAN

1 but you can change that: #show interface Fa0/8 trunk. ... Port Mode Encapsulation Status

Native vlan

. Fa0/8 on 802.1q other 2.Jan 6, 2013

What is difference between Default VLAN and Native VLAN? | Getting ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/.../what-difference-between-default-vlan-and-native-vla...Search for:

What is the use of native VLAN?

What is the native VLAN Cisco?

Cisco

IOS and

Native VLANs

. An 802.1Q trunk port can carry tagged and untagged frames because Ethernet is assumed to be a shared medium and there may hosts on the medium that cannot handle untagged frames. Untagged frames must placed into a

VLAN

by the receiving switch, the

native VLAN

is the

VLAN

used.Jun 9, 2011

Basics: Cisco IOS Native VLANs - EtherealMind

etherealmind.com/basics-cisco-ios-native-vlans/Search for:

What is the native VLAN Cisco?

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?A

VLAN

is a set of end stations and the switch ports that connect them. You can have different reasons for the logical division, such as department or project membership. ... Each

VLAN

in a network has an associated

VLAN

ID, which appears in the IEEE 802.1Q tag in the Layer 2 header of packets transmitted on a

VLAN

.

What is a virtual LAN (VLAN) and how does it work with my managed ...

https://kb.netgear.com/.../What-is-a-virtual-LAN-VLAN-and-how-does-it-work-with-my...Search for:

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?

What is a VLAN hopping attack?

VLAN hopping

is a computer security exploit, a method of attacking networked resources on a virtual LAN (

VLAN

). The basic concept behind all

VLAN hopping

attacks is for an attacking host on a

VLAN

to gain access to traffic on other

VLANs

that would normally not be accessible.

VLAN hopping - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_hoppingSearch for:

What is a VLAN hopping attack?

What is routed port on a switch?[Study CCNA or CCNP

SWITCH

with Cisco Press] A

routed port

on a

switch

can act like a

port

on a router.

Routed switch ports

aren't joined to any VLANs and they do not support VLAN subinterfaces. Because they are

routed ports

, you can configure a Layer 3 protocol.Dec 18, 2013

What Is A Cisco Routed Port - Packet6

https://www.packet6.com/what-is-a-cisco-routed-port/Search for:

What is routed port on a switch?

What is SVI in Cisco switch?A Switched Virtual Interface (

SVI

) is a virtual LAN (VLAN) of

switch

ports represented by one interface to a routing or bridging system. There is no physical interface for the VLAN and the

SVI

provides the Layer 3 processing for packets from all

switch

ports associated with the VLAN.

Switch virtual interface - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_virtual_interfaceSearch for:

What is SVI in Cisco switch?

What does encapsulation dot1q do?IEEE 802.1Q

encapsulation

is configurable on Ethernet and EtherChannel interfaces. IEEE 802.1Q is a standard protocol for interconnecting multiple switches and routers and for defining VLAN topologies. Use the

encapsulation dot1q

command in subinterface range configuration mode to apply a VLAN ID to the subinterface.

encapsulation dot1Q - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/m/en_us/techdoc/dc/reference/cli/nxos/.../encapsulation-dot1q.htmlSearch for:

What does encapsulation dot1q do?

What is a router on a stick Cisco?

Router-on-a-stick

is a term frequently used to describe a setup up that consists of a

router

and switch connected using one Ethernet link configured as an 802.1q trunk link. In this setup, the switch is configured with multiple VLANs and the

router

performs all

routing

between the different networks/VLANs.

How To Configure Router On A Stick - 802.1q Trunk To Cisco Router

www.firewall.cx/cisco-technical...routers/336-cisco-router-8021q-router-stick.htmlSearch for:

What is a router on a stick Cisco?

What is VLAN IPTV?  What is VLAN bridge setup?In a LAN environment,

VLANs

divide broadcast domains. ... This type of routing is called inter-

VLAN

routing. On a smart switch, you can

set up

inter-

VLAN

routing by creating a Layer 3 interface, that is, a switch virtual interface (SVI). By default, a port is enabled for

bridging

rather than routing.

What is VLAN Routing? | Answer | NETGEAR Support

https://kb.netgear.com/24754/What-is-VLAN-RoutingSearch for:

What is VLAN bridge setup?

What is IRB routing?Integrated

Routing

and Bridging (

IRB

) is a technique that allows a protocol to be bridged as well as routed on the same interface on a

router

. When a

router

is configured for

IRB

, it maintains the existing VLAN header when forwarding the frame between the interfaces.May 31, 2008

How does VLAN routing and bridging work when using IRB? | Network ...

www.networkworld.com/.../how-does-vlan-routing-and-bridging-work-when-using-irb-...Search for:

What is IRB routing?

What is the BVI interface?

BVI

can replace Vlan

interfaces

. So instead of having a Vlan

interface

that routes packets (coming from acces port attached to that vlan number) that needs to be routed outside the vlan, the

BVI

does the same thing, routing packets outside de layer 2 domain from L2

interfaces

that are bridged to that

BVI

.Mar 31, 2011

What is a Cisco BVI interface? What is it used for? - Server Fault

https://serverfault.com/questions/254347/what-is-a-cisco-bvi-interface-what-is-it-used-forSearch for:

What is the BVI interface?

What is Cobb access port?The

Accessport

is the world's best selling, most flexible, and easiest to use ECU upgrade solution for your Subaru. Unlock power hidden within the vehicle by replacing conservative factory settings with more aggressive calibrations.

COBB Tuning - Accessport

https://www.cobbtuning.com/products/accessportSearch for:

What is Cobb access port?

What is access and trunk port?A

trunk port

is a

port

that is assigned to carry traffic for all the VLANs that are accessible by a specific switch, a process known as trunking.

Trunk ports

mark frames with unique identifying tags – either 802.1Q tags or Inter-Switch Link (ISL) tags – as they move between switches.

What is a Trunk Port? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27008/trunk-portSearch for:

What is access and trunk port?

What is the use of VTP pruning?

VLAN

Trunking Protocol (

VTP

) is used to communicate

VLAN

information between switches in the same

VTP

domain.

VLAN

Trunking Protocol (

VTP

)

pruning

is a feature in Cisco switches, which stops

VLAN

update information traffic from being sent down trunk links if the updates are not needed.

What is VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Pruning - omnisecu.com

www.omnisecu.com/cisco...ccna/what-is-vlan-trunking-protocol-vtp-pruning.phpSearch for:

What is the use of VTP pruning?

What is Dynamic Trunking Protocol?The

Dynamic Trunking Protocol

(DTP) is a proprietary networking

protocol

developed by Cisco Systems for the purpose of negotiating

trunking

on a link between two VLAN-aware switches, and for negotiating the type of

trunking

encapsulation to be used.

Dynamic Trunking Protocol - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Trunking_ProtocolSearch for:

What is Dynamic Trunking Protocol?

What is the difference between a hub and a switch and a router?In a word, intelligence. Hubs, switches, and routers are all devices that let you connect one or more computers to other computers, networked devices, or even other networks. Each has two or more connectors called ports into which you

plug

in the cables to make the connection.Feb 23, 2013

What's the difference between a hub, a switch, and a router? - Ask Leo!

https://askleo.com/whats_the_difference_between_a_hub_a_switch_and_a_router/Search for:

What is the difference between a hub and a switch and a router?

What is the difference between a router and a gateway?

Gateways

regulate traffic

between

two dissimilar networks, while

routers

regulate traffic

between

similar networks. The easiest way to illustrate this point is through an example. ... Because TCP/IP is also the primary protocol of the Internet, you could use a

router

to connect your network to the Internet.Jul 19, 2000

Understanding the differences between gateways and routers ...

www.techrepublic.com/.../understanding-the-differences-between-gateways-and-routers/Search for:

What is the difference between a router and a gateway?

What is a spanning tree loop?The

Spanning Tree

Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that builds a logical

loop

-free topology for Ethernet networks. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge

loops

and the broadcast radiation that results from them.

Spanning Tree Protocol - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanning_Tree_ProtocolSearch for:

What is a spanning tree loop?

What is a designated port in spanning tree protocol?A bridge device has two (or more)

ports

. The one that is connected on the side where the

STP

root resides is called 'root

port

'. A

port

not facing the root but forwarding traffic (while lowest cost) from another segment is called '

designated port

'.Dec 7, 2010

STP: Root port vs. designated port | LAN, Switching and Routing ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/11061531/stp-root-port-vs-designated-portSearch for:

What is a designated port in spanning tree protocol?

What is the VLAN?A virtual LAN (

VLAN

) is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). ...

VLANs

allow network administrators to group hosts together even if the hosts are not on the same network switch.

VLANs - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_LANSearch for:

What is the VLAN?

Is Mpls a VPN?

MPLS VPN

is a family of methods for using multiprotocol label switching (

MPLS

) to create

virtual private networks

(

VPNs

).

MPLS VPN

is a flexible method to transport and route several types of network traffic using an

MPLS

backbone.

MPLS VPN - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS_VPNSearch for:

Is Mpls a VPN?

How do you find your subnet mask?

Find Subnet Mask

on Windows Computer. To

find

the

subnet mask

of your Windows computer, go to the Run box (Windows Key + R) and cmd to open the Command Prompt. Here you can type the command “ipconfig /all” and hit the Enter key.Feb 21, 2014

How to Find the Subnet Mask on Windows or Mac - Labnol

https://www.labnol.org/internet/find-subnet-mask/25410/Search for:

How do you find your subnet mask?

What is a 24 network?Subnet and host countsPrefix sizeSubnet maskAvailable subnets

/24255.255.255.01

/25255.255.255.1282

/26255.255.255.1924

/27255.255.255.2248

4 more rows

Subnetwork - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SubnetworkSearch for:

What is a 24 network?

How do I find out what my VLAN is?To

find

your

VLAN

(on a

Windows

XP machine), go to "Start Menu",then click the return (enter) key on your keyboard. This runs a command prompt. Type in "ipconfig" and hit return again. You will

see

your IP Address, your Subnet Mask and your Default Gateway.

DHCP - OpenAccess.org

www.openaccess.org/index.php?section=47Search for:

How do I find out what my VLAN is?

How can we create a VLAN on a switch?

To create VLAN interfaces:

Determine the IP addresses that you want to assign to the VLAN interfaces on the switch. ...

Open a web browser.

In the browser address field, type the IP address of the smart switch. ...

Type the password in the Password field. ...

Click the Login button. ...

Select Routing>IP>IP Configuration.

More items...

How do I configure VLAN Routing on a smart switch? | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/24755/How-do-I-configure-VLAN-Routing-on-a-smart-switchSearch for:

How can we create a VLAN on a switch?

What is a quality of service policy?

Quality of service

(

QoS

) is a feature that lets you give priority to critical traffic, prevent bandwidth hogging, and manage network bottlenecks to prevent packet drops. This chapter describes how to apply

QoS policies

and includes the following sections: • Information About

QoS

.Oct 31, 2013

Applying QoS Policies - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/asa/asa72/configuration/guide/.../qos.htmlSearch for:

What is a quality of service policy?

What is quality of service in computer networks?

Quality of Service

(

QoS

) refers to the capability of a

network

to provide better service to selected

network

traffic over various technologies, including Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Ethernet and 802.1

networks

, SONET, and IP-routed

networks

that may use any or all of these underlying technologies.Oct 16, 2012

Quality of Service Networking - DocWiki

docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Quality_of_Service_NetworkingSearch for:

What is quality of service in computer networks?

How do you route between VLANs?

Step-by-Step Instructions

Enable routing on the switch with the ip routing command. ...

Make note of the VLANs that you want to route between. ...

Use the show vlan command in order to verify that the VLANs exist in the VLAN database. ...

Determine the IP addresses you want to assign to the VLAN interface on the switch.

More items...

Configure InterVLAN Routing on Layer 3 Switches - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/...switching/.../41860-howto-L3-intervlanrouting.htmlSearch for:

How do you route between VLANs?

How do I configure a switch?To

configure

the default gateway for the

switch

, use the ip default-gateway command. Enter the IP address of the default gateway. The default gateway is the IP address of the router interface to which the

switch

connects. Use the following command to backup the

configuration

: copy running-

config

startup-

config

.Mar 31, 2014

Basic Switch Configuration (2.1) > Cisco Networking Academy's ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181836&seqNum=4Search for:

How do I configure a switch?

What is the use of multiple SSID?The Service Set Identifier (

SSID

) defines what is thought of as the wireless network. ... In addition to

multiple

access points broadcasting or using the same

SSID

, a single access point can also use

multiple SSIDs

.

Multiple SSIDs with a Single Access Point (AP) - dummies

www.dummies.com/programming/.../cisco/multiple-ssids-with-a-single-access-point-ap/Search for:

What is the use of multiple SSID?

What is the use of VLAN tagging?

VLAN Tagging

is the practice of inserting a

VLAN

ID into a packet header in order to identify which

VLAN

(Virtual Local Area Network) the packet belongs to. More specifically, switches use the

VLAN

ID to determine which port(s), or interface(s), to send a broadcast packet to.

What is VLAN Tagging? Why should I enable VLAN Tagging support ...

https://www.bluecoat.com/sites/default/files/documents/files/VLAN_Tagging.1.pdfSearch for:

What is the use of VLAN tagging?

What is the use of inter VLAN routing?Virtual LANs (

VLANs

) divide one physical network into multiple broadcast domains. But,

VLAN

-enabled switches cannot, by themselves, forward traffic across

VLAN

boundaries. So you need to have

routing

between these

VLANs

which is called

interVLAN routing

.

What is interVLAN routing?

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/answer/What-is-interVLAN-routingSearch for:

What is the use of inter VLAN routing?

What is VTP in networking?

VLAN Trunking Protocol

(

VTP

) is a

Cisco

proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) on the whole local area network. To do this,

VTP

carries VLAN information to all the switches in a

VTP

domain. ... Known VLANs and their specific parameters.

VLAN Trunking Protocol - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_Trunking_ProtocolSearch for:

What is VTP in networking?

What is VLAN stand for?Virtual Local Area Network

VLAN stands for

Virtual Local Area Network. A

VLAN

is a network that collects a set of network ports on a switching device into a single broadcast domain.

VLANs

are most often used over Ethernet networks.Dec 1, 2012

VLANS - Virtual Local Area Networks (IEEE 802.1Q) - InetDaemon.Com

www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/networking/lan/vlan/Search for:

What is VLAN stand for?

What is the full form of VLAN?

VLANs

are configured through software rather than hardware, which makes them extremely flexible. One of the biggest advantages of

VLANs

is that when a computer is physically moved to another location, it can stay on the same

VLAN

without any hardware reconfiguration.

What is VLAN? Webopedia Definition

www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/VLAN.htmlSearch for:

What is the full form of VLAN?

What are the main differences between a LAN and a VLAN?The purpose of a

VLAN

is simple: It removes the limitation of physically switched

LANs

with all devices automatically connected to each other. With a

VLAN

, it is possible to have hosts that are connected together on the same physical

LAN

but not allowed to communicate directly.May 29, 2015

Differences Between Physical and Virtual LANs | Virtual vs. Physical ...

www.pearsonitcertification.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2343470&seqNum=2Search for:

What are the main differences between a LAN and a VLAN?

Why would you use a VLAN?

VLAN's

can be used to create broadcast domains which eliminate the need for expensive routers. Periodically, sensitive data may be broadcast on a network. In such cases, placing only those users who can have access to that data on a

VLAN

can reduce the chances of an outsider gaining access to the data.

Virtual Local Area Networks - Computer Science & Engineering

www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-97/ftp/virtual_lans/Search for:

Why would you use a VLAN?

What is the difference between tagged and untagged VLAN?So a "

tagged

" packet contains the

VLAN

information in the Ethernet frame while an "

untagged

" packet doesn't. ... The port between router and switch is configured as a trunk port so that both router and switch know which packet belongs to which customer

VLAN

.Feb 25, 2014

Why and how are Ethernet Vlans tagged? - Network Engineering ...

https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/.../why-and-how-are-ethernet-vlans-tagg...Search for:

What is the difference between tagged and untagged VLAN?

What is the use of native VLAN?A

Native VLAN

is nothing else than a default

VLAN

given that any port in a (CISCO)switch has to assigned to one

VLAN

. By default all ports (access links) belong to

VLAN

1 or

native VLAN

. Hello Sandy,

native vlan

is an 802.1Q concept: frames belonging to

native vlan

are sent untagged.Jan 13, 2010

Why Native VLAN exists on a Trunk? | LAN, Switching and Routing ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/10811246/why-native-vlan-exists-trunkSearch for:

What is the use of native VLAN?

What are the advantages of using Vlans?

Advantages of VLANs

.

VLANs

provide a number of

advantages

, such as ease of administration, confinement of broadcast domains, reduced broadcast traffic, and enforcement of security policies.

VLANs

provide the following

advantages

:

VLANs

enable logical grouping of end-stations that are physically dispersed on a network.

Advantages of VLANs - NetApp

https://library.netapp.com/.../GUID-C9DA920B-F414-4017-8DD1-D77D7FD3CC8C.ht...Search for:

What are the advantages of using Vlans?

What is VLAN and why it is used?A

VLAN

is a group of devices on one or more LANs that are configured to communicate as if they were attached to the same wire, when in fact they are located on a number of different LAN segments. Because

VLANs

are based on logical instead of physical connections, they are extremely flexible.

Understanding and Configuring VLANs - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst4500/12-2/25ew/.../vlans.htmlSearch for:

What is VLAN and why it is used?

What do you mean by trunkline?

Definition

of

trunk line

. 1 : a transportation system (such as an airline, railroad, or highway) handling long-distance through traffic. 2a : a main supply channel (as for gas or oil)b : trunk 5b.

Trunk Line | Definition of Trunk Line by Merriam-Webster

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/trunk%20lineSearch for:

What do you mean by trunkline?

What is an analog trunk line?The Trunking Concept. Sometimes people incorrectly refer to a single

analog

telephone

line

as an

analog trunk

. Trunking refers to the concept that many users can access the telephone network through sharing a set of

lines

instead of each receiving one individually.

What is an analog telephone line? - MetrolineDirect

www.metrolinedirect.com/what-is-an-analog-telephone-line.htmlSearch for:

What is an analog trunk line?

What is a Pvid?A Port VLAN ID (

pvid

) is a default VLAN ID that is assigned to an access port to designate the virtual LAN segment to which this port is connected. The

pvid

places the port into the set of ports that are connected under the designated VLAN ID.

What Is a Port VLAN ID (pvid)? - IBM

https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSB27U_6.4.0/.../hcpa646.htmSearch for:

What is a Pvid?

What is 802.1 Q?IEEE

802.1Q

is the networking standard that supports virtual LANs (VLANs) on an Ethernet network. The standard defines a system of VLAN tagging for Ethernet frames and the accompanying procedures to be used by bridges and switches in handling such frames.

IEEE 802.1Q - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1QSearch for:

What is 802.1 Q?

What is tagged frames?VLAN

Tagging

, also known as

Frame Tagging

, is a method developed by Cisco to help identify packets travelling through trunk links. When an Ethernet

frame

traverses a trunk link, a special VLAN tag is added to the

frame

and sent across the trunk link.

VLAN Tagging - Understanding VLANs Ethernet Frames - Firewall.cx

www.firewall.cx/networking-topics/vlan-networks/219-vlan-tagging.htmlSearch for:

What is tagged frames?

What is tagged and untagged traffic?When a port is set to access it means that the port is part of the VLAN forwarding wise (MAC table) but all frames are sent

untagged

. When frames from that VLAN are sent over a trunk they get a tag added so the receiving switch knows to which VLAN the

traffic

belongs.Apr 11, 2013

Tagged vs Untagged Traffic - 54957 - The Cisco Learning Network

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/54957Search for:

What is tagged and untagged traffic?

What is a broadcast domain and a collision domain?A

broadcast domain

is a logical division of a

computer network

, in which all nodes can reach each other by

broadcast

at the data link layer. ... While some layer two

network

devices are able to divide the

collision domains

,

broadcast domains

are only divided by layer 3

network

devices such as routers or layer 3 switches.

Broadcast domain - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_domainSearch for:

What is a broadcast domain and a collision domain?

How many collision domains and broadcast domain that a switch has?Each connection from a single PC to a Layer 2 switch is

ONE Collision

domain. For example, if 2 PCs are connected with separate cables to a switch, so we have 2 Collision domains. If this switch is connected to another switch or a router, we have

one collision

domain more (3 collision domain in total).Aug 8, 2010

1.1 What is Collision Domain, Broadcast Domain, and How to Count ...

ccna-guidance.blogspot.com/2010/08/11-what-is-collision-domain-broadcast.htmlSearch for:

How many collision domains and broadcast domain that a switch has?

How many broadcast and collision domains are on a hub?With all this information, you can say that on your diagram, there are

2 broadcast domains

(1 router that separates 2 LAN segments composed by one or many switches, with only 1 VLAN per segment).Jul 15, 2008

Broadcast Domains and Collision Domains - 1734 - The Cisco ...

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/thread/1734Search for:

How many broadcast and collision domains are on a hub?

What is a collision domain?A

collision domain

is a section of a network connected by a shared medium or through repeaters where data packets can collide with one another when being sent. ... A network

collision

occurs when more than one device attempts to send a packet on a network segment at the same time.

Collision domain - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_domainSearch for:

What is a collision domain?

What is Vxlan Cisco?VLANs provide logical segmentation of Layer 2 boundaries or broadcast domains. ...

Cisco

, in partnership with other leading vendors, proposed the Virtual Extensible LAN (

VXLAN

) standard to the IETF as a solution to the data center network challenges posed by traditional VLAN technology.Nov 6, 2013

VXLAN Overview: Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/switches/.../white-paper-c11-729383.htmlSearch for:

What is Vxlan Cisco?

What is a Vtep?Frame encapsulation is done by an entity known as a VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint (

VTEP

.) A

VTEP

has two logical interfaces: an uplink and a downlink. The uplink is responsible for receiving VXLAN frames and acts as a tunnel endpoint with an IP address used for routing VXLAN encapsulated frames.Nov 6, 2012

VXLAN Deep Dive — Define The Cloud

www.definethecloud.net/vxlan-deep-dive/Search for:

What is a Vtep?

What is the use of Vxlan?Virtual Extensible LAN (

VXLAN

) is a proposed encapsulation protocol for running an overlay network on existing Layer 3 infrastructure. An overlay network is a virtual network that is built on top of existing network Layer 2 and Layer 3 technologies to support elastic compute architectures.

What is VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN)? - Definition from WhatIs.com

whatis.techtarget.com/definition/VXLANSearch for:

What is the use of Vxlan?

What is Nvgre?Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation (

NVGRE

) is a network virtualization technology that attempts to alleviate the scalability problems associated with large cloud computing deployments. It uses Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) to tunnel layer 2 packets over layer 3 networks.

nvgre - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/.../Network_Virtualization_using_Generic_Routing_Encapsulati...Search for:

What is Nvgre?

What is VTP CCNA?

VTP

is a protocol used to distribute and synchronize identifying information about VLANs configured throughout a switched network. Configurations made to a single

VTP

server are propagated across trunk links to all connected switches in the network.Dec 5, 2003

VLAN Trunking Protocol > CCNA Self-Study (ICND Exam): Extending ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=102157&seqNum=3Search for:

What is VTP CCNA?

What is tree pruning in data mining?Pruning is a technique in machine learning that reduces the size of

decision trees

by removing sections of the tree that provide

little

power to classify instances.

Pruning (decision trees) - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning_(decision_trees)Search for:

What is tree pruning in data mining?

What is a trunk port on a Cisco switch?Enabling

Trunking

.

Trunk

links are required to pass VLAN information between

switches

. A

port

on a

Cisco switch

is either an access

port

or a

trunk port

. Access

ports

belong to a single VLAN and do not provide any identifying marks on the frames that are passed between

switches

.Oct 25, 2002

Trunking > VLANs and Trunking - Cisco Press

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=29803&seqNum=3Search for:

What is a trunk port on a Cisco switch?

What is a VLAN pruning?

VLAN

Trunking Protocol (

VTP

) is used to communicate

VLAN

information between switches in the same

VTP

domain.

VLAN

Trunking Protocol (

VTP

)

pruning

is a feature in Cisco switches, which stops

VLAN

update information traffic from being sent down trunk links if the updates are not needed.

What is VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Pruning - omnisecu.com

www.omnisecu.com/cisco-certified.../what-is-vlan-trunking-protocol-vtp-pruning.phpSearch for:

What is a VLAN pruning?

How does a local area network work?

Local Area Network

(

LAN

) - A

LAN

is a network of computers that are in the same general physical location, usually within a building or a campus. If the computers are far apart (such as across town or in different cities), then a Wide Area Network (WAN) is typically used.

Networking Basics - How LAN Switches Work | HowStuffWorks

computer.howstuffworks.com/lan-switch1.htmSearch for:

How does a local area network work?

What is meant by LAN?A

local area network

(

LAN

) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a

LAN

encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment.

What is local area network (LAN)? - Definition from WhatIs.com

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/local-area-network-LANSearch for:

What is meant by LAN?

What is an example of local area network?

Local area network (LAN

). Computer and Network Examples. A

local area network (LAN

) is a devices network that connect with each other in the scope of a home, school, laboratory, or office. Usually, a LAN comprise computers and peripheral devices linked to a local domain server.

Local area network (LAN). Computer and Network Examples

www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/Local-Area-NetworkSearch for:

What is an example of local area network?

What are the uses of LAN and WAN?A

WAN

covers a large geographical area. Most

WANs

are made from several

LANs

connected together.

WAN

- Wide Area Network. ... A school network is usually a

LAN

.

LANs

are often connected to

WANs

, for example a school network could be connected to the Internet.

BBC - GCSE Bitesize: LANs and WANs

www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/datacomm/2networksrev1.shtmlSearch for:

What are the uses of LAN and WAN?

What is the highest VLAN number?Under IEEE 802.1Q, the

maximum number

of

VLANs

on a given Ethernet network is 4,094 (the 4,096 provided for by the 12-bit VID field minus reserved values 0x000 and 0xFFF). This does not impose the same limit on the

number

of IP subnets in such a network, since a single

VLAN

can contain multiple IP subnets.

VLANs - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_LANSearch for:

What is the highest VLAN number?

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?A

VLAN

is a set of end stations and the switch ports that connect them. You can have different reasons for the logical division, such as department or project membership. ... Each

VLAN

in a network has an associated

VLAN

ID, which appears in the IEEE 802.1Q tag in the Layer 2 header of packets transmitted on a

VLAN

.

What is a virtual LAN (VLAN) and how does it work with my managed ...

https://kb.netgear.com/.../What-is-a-virtual-LAN-VLAN-and-how-does-it-work-with-my...Search for:

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?

Is Mpls a VPN?

MPLS VPN

is a family of methods for using multiprotocol label switching (

MPLS

) to create

virtual private networks

(

VPNs

).

MPLS VPN

is a flexible method to transport and route several types of network traffic using an

MPLS

backbone.

MPLS VPN - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS_VPNSearch for:

Is Mpls a VPN?

What is the protocol used by MPLS?A label-switched path (LSP) is a path through an

MPLS

network, set up by a signaling

protocol

such as LDP, RSVP-TE, BGP or CR-LDP. The path is set up based on criteria in the FEC. The path begins at a label edge router (LER), which makes a decision on which label to prefix to a packet, based on the appropriate FEC.

Multiprotocol Label Switching - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprotocol_Label_SwitchingSearch for:

What is the protocol used by MPLS?

What is VTP CCNA?

VTP

is a protocol used to distribute and synchronize identifying information about VLANs configured throughout a switched network. Configurations made to a single

VTP

server are propagated across trunk links to all connected switches in the network.Dec 5, 2003

VLAN Trunking Protocol > CCNA Self-Study (ICND Exam): Extending ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=102157&seqNum=3Search for:

What is VTP CCNA?

What is tree pruning in data mining?Pruning is a technique in machine learning that reduces the size of

decision trees

by removing sections of the tree that provide

little

power to classify instances.

Pruning (decision trees) - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning_(decision_trees)Search for:

What is tree pruning in data mining?

What is a trunk port on a Cisco switch?Enabling

Trunking

.

Trunk

links are required to pass VLAN information between

switches

. A

port

on a

Cisco switch

is either an access

port

or a

trunk port

. Access

ports

belong to a single VLAN and do not provide any identifying marks on the frames that are passed between

switches

.Oct 25, 2002

Trunking > VLANs and Trunking - Cisco Press

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=29803&seqNum=3Search for:

What is a trunk port on a Cisco switch?

What is a VLAN pruning?

VLAN

Trunking Protocol (

VTP

) is used to communicate

VLAN

information between switches in the same

VTP

domain.

VLAN

Trunking Protocol (

VTP

)

pruning

is a feature in Cisco switches, which stops

VLAN

update information traffic from being sent down trunk links if the updates are not needed.

What is VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Pruning - omnisecu.com

www.omnisecu.com/cisco-certified.../what-is-vlan-trunking-protocol-vtp-pruning.phpSearch for:

What is a VLAN pruning?

How does a local area network work?

Local Area Network

(

LAN

) - A

LAN

is a network of computers that are in the same general physical location, usually within a building or a campus. If the computers are far apart (such as across town or in different cities), then a Wide Area Network (WAN) is typically used.

Networking Basics - How LAN Switches Work | HowStuffWorks

computer.howstuffworks.com/lan-switch1.htmSearch for:

How does a local area network work?

What is meant by LAN?A

local area network

(

LAN

) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a

LAN

encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment.

What is local area network (LAN)? - Definition from WhatIs.com

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/local-area-network-LANSearch for:

What is meant by LAN?

What is an example of local area network?

Local area network (LAN

). Computer and Network Examples. A

local area network (LAN

) is a devices network that connect with each other in the scope of a home, school, laboratory, or office. Usually, a LAN comprise computers and peripheral devices linked to a local domain server.

Local area network (LAN). Computer and Network Examples

www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/Local-Area-NetworkSearch for:

What is an example of local area network?

What are the uses of LAN and WAN?A

WAN

covers a large geographical area. Most

WANs

are made from several

LANs

connected together.

WAN

- Wide Area Network. ... A school network is usually a

LAN

.

LANs

are often connected to

WANs

, for example a school network could be connected to the Internet.

BBC - GCSE Bitesize: LANs and WANs

www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/datacomm/2networksrev1.shtmlSearch for:

What are the uses of LAN and WAN?

What is the highest VLAN number?Under IEEE 802.1Q, the

maximum number

of

VLANs

on a given Ethernet network is 4,094 (the 4,096 provided for by the 12-bit VID field minus reserved values 0x000 and 0xFFF). This does not impose the same limit on the

number

of IP subnets in such a network, since a single

VLAN

can contain multiple IP subnets.

VLANs - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_LANSearch for:

What is the highest VLAN number?

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?A

VLAN

is a set of end stations and the switch ports that connect them. You can have different reasons for the logical division, such as department or project membership. ... Each

VLAN

in a network has an associated

VLAN

ID, which appears in the IEEE 802.1Q tag in the Layer 2 header of packets transmitted on a

VLAN

.

What is a virtual LAN (VLAN) and how does it work with my managed ...

https://kb.netgear.com/.../What-is-a-virtual-LAN-VLAN-and-how-does-it-work-with-my...Search for:

What is a VLAN how does it work and what is it used for?

Is Mpls a VPN?

MPLS VPN

is a family of methods for using multiprotocol label switching (

MPLS

) to create

virtual private networks

(

VPNs

).

MPLS VPN

is a flexible method to transport and route several types of network traffic using an

MPLS

backbone.

MPLS VPN - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS_VPNSearch for:

Is Mpls a VPN?

What is the protocol used by MPLS?  How do I set up a VLAN?

To create VLAN interfaces:

Determine the IP addresses that you want to assign to the VLAN interfaces on the switch. ...

Open a web browser.

In the browser address field, type the IP address of the smart switch. ...

Type the password in the Password field. ...

Click the Login button. ...

Select Routing>IP>IP Configuration.

More items...

How do I configure VLAN Routing on a smart switch? | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/24755/How-do-I-configure-VLAN-Routing-on-a-smart-switchSearch for:

How do I set up a VLAN?

What is a trunk port?A

trunk port

is a

port

that is assigned to carry traffic for all the VLANs that are accessible by a specific switch, a process known as trunking.

Trunk ports

mark frames with unique identifying tags – either 802.1Q tags or Inter-Switch Link (ISL) tags – as they move between switches.

What is a Trunk Port? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27008/trunk-portSearch for:

What is a trunk port?

What is a WLAN router?A typical

WLAN router

includes four Ethernet ports, an 802.11 access point, and sometimes a parallel port so it can be a print server. This gives wireless users the same ability as wired users to send and receive packets over multiple networks.Feb 18, 2003

Understanding Wireless LAN Routers - Wi-Fi Planet

www.wi-fiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/.../Understanding-Wireless-LAN-Routers.htmSearch for:

What is a WLAN router?

Is WIFI and wireless LAN the same thing?While

wireless LANs

refer to any local area network (

LAN

) that a mobile user can connect to through a

wireless

(radio) connection;

Wi-Fi

(short for "

wireless

fidelity") is a term for certain types of WLANs that use specifications in the 802.11

wireless

protocol family.

Wireless vs. Wi-Fi: What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WLAN?

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/.../Wireless-vs-Wi-Fi-What-is-the-difference-between-...Search for:

Is WIFI and wireless LAN the same thing?

What is the difference between WLAN and WIFI?Technically,

WLAN

means any

wireless local area network

no matter what technology is used and

Wi-Fi

is a type of

WLAN

that follows the IEEE 802.11 standards which most

WLANs

in use today do, that's why they are commonly used interchangeably.

Wi-Fi

as a name for the standard is a trademark of the

Wi-Fi

Alliance.

What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WLAN? - Quora

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Wi-Fi-and-WLANSearch for:

What is the difference between WLAN and WIFI?

Can I connect to WIFI with WLAN?To

connect

your computer to the internet on a

WLAN

, click on the

WLAN

icon at the top right of your Mac Computer screen. All the wireless networks in your area will now be shown. Select your own

WLAN

and enter your

WLAN

password.

Making a WLAN connection | Swisscom

https://www.swisscom.ch/en/residential/help/internet/wlan-verbindung-herstellen.htmlSearch for:

Can I connect to WIFI with WLAN?

What is a data VLAN?A

data VLAN

is a

VLAN

that is configured to carry user-generated traffic. A

VLAN

carrying voice or management traffic would not be part of a

data VLAN

. It is common practice to separate voice and management traffic from

data

traffic.Apr 7, 2014

VLAN Segmentation (3.1) > Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181837&seqNum=4Search for:

What is a data VLAN?

What is a VLAN trunk?

VLAN Trunking

Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of

Virtual Local Area Networks

(

VLAN

) on the whole local area network. To do this, VTP carries

VLAN

information to all the switches in a VTP domain. VTP advertisements can be sent over 802.1Q, and ISL trunks.

VLAN Trunking Protocol - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_Trunking_ProtocolSearch for:

What is a VLAN trunk?

What is broadcast domain in VLAN?A

VLAN

is a group of switch ports, within a single or multiple switches, that is defined by the switch hardware and/or software as a single

broadcast domain

. A

VLAN's

goal is to group devices connected to a switch into logical

broadcast domains

to control the effect that

broadcasts

have on other connected devices.Dec 5, 2003

CCNA Self-Study (ICND Exam): Extending Switched Networks with ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=102157Search for:

What is broadcast domain in VLAN?

What separates broadcast domains?Multi-network segments require a bridge, such as the networking device. A

broadcast domain

member can also be any device or computer that is directly connected to the same switch or repeater. Networking devices, such as routers, are used to

separate

the boundaries of

broadcast domains

.

What is Broadcast Domain? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24788/broadcast-domainSearch for:

What separates broadcast domains?

What is the VLAN 1?

VLAN

Design Guidelines (3.3.2.1) Cisco switches have a factory configuration in which default

VLANs

are preconfigured to support various media and protocol types. The default Ethernet

VLAN

is

VLAN 1

. It is a security best practice to configure all the ports on all switches to be associated with

VLANs

other than

VLAN 1

.Apr 7, 2014

Design Best Practices for VLANs (3.3.2) > Cisco Networking ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181837&seqNum=11Search for:

What is the VLAN 1?

What is the difference between tagged and untagged VLAN?The ports between switch and customers are "

untagged

" meaning for the customer the arriving packet is just a normal Ethernet packet. The port between router and switch is configured as a trunk port so that both router and switch know which packet belongs to which customer

VLAN

.Feb 25, 2014

Why and how are Ethernet Vlans tagged? - Network Engineering ...

https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/.../why-and-how-are-ethernet-vlans-tagg...Search for:

What is the difference between tagged and untagged VLAN?

What is the default VLAN number?The

native VLAN

is the only

VLAN

which is not tagged in a trunk, in other words,

native VLAN

frames are transmitted unchanged. Per

default

the

native VLAN

is

VLAN

1 but you can change that: #show interface Fa0/8 trunk. ... Port Mode Encapsulation Status

Native vlan

. Fa0/8 on 802.1q other 2.Jan 6, 2013

What is difference between Default VLAN and Native VLAN? | Getting ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/.../what-difference-between-default-vlan-and-native-vla...Search for:

What is the default VLAN number?

What is the use of native VLAN?A

Native VLAN

is nothing else than a default

VLAN

given that any port in a (CISCO)switch has to assigned to one

VLAN

. By default all ports (access links) belong to

VLAN

1 or

native VLAN

. Hello Sandy,

native vlan

is an 802.1Q concept: frames belonging to

native vlan

are sent untagged.Jan 13, 2010

Why Native VLAN exists on a Trunk? | LAN, Switching and Routing ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/10811246/why-native-vlan-exists-trunkSearch for:

What is the use of native VLAN?

What is meant by VLAN?A

VLAN

is a group of devices on one or more LANs that are configured to communicate as if they were attached to the same wire, when in fact they are located on a number of different LAN segments. Because

VLANs

are based on logical instead of physical connections, they are extremely flexible.

Understanding and Configuring VLANs - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst4500/12-2/25ew/.../vlans.htmlSearch for:

What is meant by VLAN?

What is the full form of VLAN?

VLANs

are configured through software rather than hardware, which makes them extremely flexible. One of the biggest advantages of

VLANs

is that when a computer is physically moved to another location, it can stay on the same

VLAN

without any hardware reconfiguration.

What is VLAN? Webopedia Definition

www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/VLAN.htmlSearch for:

What is the full form of VLAN?

How do I set up a VLAN?

To create VLAN interfaces:

Determine the IP addresses that you want to assign to the VLAN interfaces on the switch. ...

Open a web browser.

In the browser address field, type the IP address of the smart switch. ...

Type the password in the Password field. ...

Click the Login button. ...

Select Routing>IP>IP Configuration.

More items...

How do I configure VLAN Routing on a smart switch? | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/24755/How-do-I-configure-VLAN-Routing-on-a-smart-switchSearch for:

How do I set up a VLAN?

What is a trunk port?A

trunk port

is a

port

that is assigned to carry traffic for all the VLANs that are accessible by a specific switch, a process known as trunking.

Trunk ports

mark frames with unique identifying tags – either 802.1Q tags or Inter-Switch Link (ISL) tags – as they move between switches.

What is a Trunk Port? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27008/trunk-portSearch for:

What is a trunk port?

What is a WLAN router?A typical

WLAN router

includes four Ethernet ports, an 802.11 access point, and sometimes a parallel port so it can be a print server. This gives wireless users the same ability as wired users to send and receive packets over multiple networks.Feb 18, 2003

Understanding Wireless LAN Routers - Wi-Fi Planet

www.wi-fiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/.../Understanding-Wireless-LAN-Routers.htmSearch for:

What is a WLAN router?

Is WIFI and wireless LAN the same thing?While

wireless LANs

refer to any local area network (

LAN

) that a mobile user can connect to through a

wireless

(radio) connection;

Wi-Fi

(short for "

wireless

fidelity") is a term for certain types of WLANs that use specifications in the 802.11

wireless

protocol family.

Wireless vs. Wi-Fi: What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WLAN?

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/.../Wireless-vs-Wi-Fi-What-is-the-difference-between-...Search for:

Is WIFI and wireless LAN the same thing?

What is the difference between WLAN and WIFI?Technically,

WLAN

means any

wireless local area network

no matter what technology is used and

Wi-Fi

is a type of

WLAN

that follows the IEEE 802.11 standards which most

WLANs

in use today do, that's why they are commonly used interchangeably.

Wi-Fi

as a name for the standard is a trademark of the

Wi-Fi

Alliance.

What is the difference between Wi-Fi and WLAN? - Quora

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Wi-Fi-and-WLANSearch for:

What is the difference between WLAN and WIFI?

Can I connect to WIFI with WLAN?To

connect

your computer to the internet on a

WLAN

, click on the

WLAN

icon at the top right of your Mac Computer screen. All the wireless networks in your area will now be shown. Select your own

WLAN

and enter your

WLAN

password.

Making a WLAN connection | Swisscom

https://www.swisscom.ch/en/residential/help/internet/wlan-verbindung-herstellen.htmlSearch for:

Can I connect to WIFI with WLAN?

What is a data VLAN?A

data VLAN

is a

VLAN

that is configured to carry user-generated traffic. A

VLAN

carrying voice or management traffic would not be part of a

data VLAN

. It is common practice to separate voice and management traffic from

data

traffic.Apr 7, 2014

VLAN Segmentation (3.1) > Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181837&seqNum=4Search for:

What is a data VLAN?

What is a VLAN trunk?

VLAN Trunking

Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that propagates the definition of

Virtual Local Area Networks

(

VLAN

) on the whole local area network. To do this, VTP carries

VLAN

information to all the switches in a VTP domain. VTP advertisements can be sent over 802.1Q, and ISL trunks.

VLAN Trunking Protocol - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_Trunking_ProtocolSearch for:

What is a VLAN trunk?

What is broadcast domain in VLAN?A

VLAN

is a group of switch ports, within a single or multiple switches, that is defined by the switch hardware and/or software as a single

broadcast domain

. A

VLAN's

goal is to group devices connected to a switch into logical

broadcast domains

to control the effect that

broadcasts

have on other connected devices.Dec 5, 2003

CCNA Self-Study (ICND Exam): Extending Switched Networks with ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=102157Search for:

What is broadcast domain in VLAN?

What separates broadcast domains?Multi-network segments require a bridge, such as the networking device. A

broadcast domain

member can also be any device or computer that is directly connected to the same switch or repeater. Networking devices, such as routers, are used to

separate

the boundaries of

broadcast domains

.

What is Broadcast Domain? - Definition from Techopedia

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24788/broadcast-domainSearch for:

What separates broadcast domains?

What is the VLAN 1?

VLAN

Design Guidelines (3.3.2.1) Cisco switches have a factory configuration in which default

VLANs

are preconfigured to support various media and protocol types. The default Ethernet

VLAN

is

VLAN 1

. It is a security best practice to configure all the ports on all switches to be associated with

VLANs

other than

VLAN 1

.Apr 7, 2014

Design Best Practices for VLANs (3.3.2) > Cisco Networking ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181837&seqNum=11Search for:

What is the VLAN 1?

What is the difference between tagged and untagged VLAN?The ports between switch and customers are "

untagged

" meaning for the customer the arriving packet is just a normal Ethernet packet. The port between router and switch is configured as a trunk port so that both router and switch know which packet belongs to which customer

VLAN

.Feb 25, 2014

Why and how are Ethernet Vlans tagged? - Network Engineering ...

https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/.../why-and-how-are-ethernet-vlans-tagg...Search for:

What is the difference between tagged and untagged VLAN?

What is the default VLAN number?The

native VLAN

is the only

VLAN

which is not tagged in a trunk, in other words,

native VLAN

frames are transmitted unchanged. Per

default

the

native VLAN

is

VLAN

1 but you can change that: #show interface Fa0/8 trunk. ... Port Mode Encapsulation Status

Native vlan

. Fa0/8 on 802.1q other 2.Jan 6, 2013

What is difference between Default VLAN and Native VLAN? | Getting ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/.../what-difference-between-default-vlan-and-native-vla...Search for:

What is the default VLAN number?

What is the use of native VLAN?A

Native VLAN

is nothing else than a default

VLAN

given that any port in a (CISCO)switch has to assigned to one

VLAN

. By default all ports (access links) belong to

VLAN

1 or

native VLAN

. Hello Sandy,

native vlan

is an 802.1Q concept: frames belonging to

native vlan

are sent untagged.Jan 13, 2010

Why Native VLAN exists on a Trunk? | LAN, Switching and Routing ...

https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/10811246/why-native-vlan-exists-trunkSearch for:

What is the use of native VLAN?

What is meant by VLAN?A

VLAN

is a group of devices on one or more LANs that are configured to communicate as if they were attached to the same wire, when in fact they are located on a number of different LAN segments. Because

VLANs

are based on logical instead of physical connections, they are extremely flexible.

Understanding and Configuring VLANs - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst4500/12-2/25ew/.../vlans.htmlSearch for:

What is meant by VLAN?

What is the full form of VLAN?  What is a switch spoofing?

Switch spoofing

is a type of VLAN hopping attack, A

switch

interface which is connected to an end device (a computer or a printer) are normally in access mode and that end device will have access to its own VLAN. Traffic from other VLANs are not forwarded via that interface.

What is Switch spoofing attack and how to prevent Switch spoofing ...

www.omnisecu.com/.../what-is-switch-spoofing-attack-how-to-prevent-switch-spoofing-...Search for:

What is a switch spoofing?

What is double tagging attack?In a

double tagging attack

, an attacking host connected on a 802.1q interface prepends two VLAN tags to packets that it transmits. The packet (which corresponds to the VLAN that the attacker is really a member of) is forwarded without the first

tag

, because it is the native VLAN.

VLAN hopping - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN_hoppingSearch for:

What is double tagging attack?

What is a Layer 3 interface?The logical Layer 3 VLAN interfaces provide logical routing interfaces to VLANs on Layer 2 switches. A traditional network requires a physical interface from a router to a switch to perform

inter-VLAN

routing.

Configuring Layer 3 Interfaces - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst4500/12-2/25ew/.../l3_int.pdfSearch for:

What is a Layer 3 interface?

What is a SVI?A Switched Virtual Interface (

SVI

) is a virtual LAN (VLAN) of switch ports represented by one interface to a routing or bridging system. There is no physical interface for the VLAN and the

SVI

provides the Layer 3 processing for packets from all switch ports associated with the VLAN.

Switch virtual interface - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_virtual_interfaceSearch for:

What is a SVI?

How do you configure a switch?To

configure

the default gateway for the

switch

, use the ip default-gateway command. Enter the IP address of the default gateway. The default gateway is the IP address of the router interface to which the

switch

connects. Use the following command to backup the

configuration

: copy running-config startup-config.Mar 31, 2014

Basic Switch Configuration (2.1) > Cisco Networking Academy's ...

www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2181836&seqNum=4Search for:

How do you configure a switch?

What is the use of inter VLAN routing?Virtual LANs (

VLANs

) divide one physical network into multiple broadcast domains. But,

VLAN

-enabled switches cannot, by themselves, forward traffic across

VLAN

boundaries. So you need to have

routing

between these

VLANs

which is called

interVLAN routing

.

What is interVLAN routing?

searchnetworking.techtarget.com/answer/What-is-interVLAN-routingSearch for:

What is the use of inter VLAN routing?

What is VLAN IPTV setup?Some ISPs provide other services aside from Internet such as

IPTV

and phone service to their customers. ... To configure

VLAN IPTV setup

on your Nighthawk router: Use a computer or Wi-Fi device that is connected to your Nighthawk router.

Configuring VLAN IPTV setup on your Nighthawk router | Answer ...

https://kb.netgear.com/29911/Configuring-VLAN-IPTV-setup-on-your-Nighthawk-routerSearch for:

What is VLAN IPTV setup?

What is VLAN bridge setup?In a LAN environment,

VLANs

divide broadcast domains. ... This type of routing is called inter-

VLAN

routing. On a smart switch, you can

set up

inter-

VLAN

routing by creating a Layer 3 interface, that is, a switch virtual interface (SVI). By default, a port is enabled for

bridging

rather than routing.

What is VLAN Routing? | Answer | NETGEAR Support

https://kb.netgear.com/24754/What-is-VLAN-RoutingSearch for:

What is VLAN bridge setup?

What is dot1q encapsulation?IEEE

802.1Q encapsulation

is configurable on Ethernet and EtherChannel interfaces. IEEE

802.1Q

is a standard protocol for interconnecting multiple switches and routers and for defining VLAN topologies. Use the

encapsulation dot1q

command in subinterface range configuration mode to apply a VLAN ID to the subinterface.

encapsulation dot1Q - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/m/en_us/techdoc/dc/reference/cli/nxos/.../encapsulation-dot1q.htmlSearch for:

What is dot1q encapsulation?

What is a router on a stick?

Router-on-a-stick

is a term frequently used to describe a setup up that consists of a

router

and switch connected using one Ethernet link configured as an 802.1q trunk link. In this setup, the switch is configured with multiple VLANs and the

router

performs all

routing

between the different networks/VLANs.

How To Configure Router On A Stick - 802.1q Trunk To Cisco Router

www.firewall.cx/cisco-technical.../cisco-routers/336-cisco-router-8021q-router-stick.htm...Search for:

What is a router on a stick?

What is 802.1 Q encapsulation?IEEE

802.1Q

is the networking standard that supports virtual LANs (VLANs) on an Ethernet network. The standard defines a system of VLAN tagging for Ethernet frames and the accompanying procedures to be used by bridges and switches in handling such frames.

IEEE 802.1Q - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1QSearch for:

What is 802.1 Q encapsulation?

What is dot1q?IEEE

802.1Q

(sometimes referred to as 1Q or

DOT1Q

) is a industry standards based implementation of carring traffic for multiple VLANs on a single trunking interface between two Ethernet switches.

802.1Q

is for Ethernet networks only. Unlike ISL,

802.1Q

does not encapsulate the original Ethernet frame.Nov 27, 2007

VLAN Trunking using IEEE 802.1Q - Brad Hedlund

bradhedlund.com/2007/11/27/vlan-trunking-using-ieee-8021q/Search for:

What is dot1q?

What is integrated routing and bridging?

Integrated Routing and Bridging

(IRB) is a technique that allows a protocol to be

bridged

as well as

routed

on the same interface on a

router

. When a

router

is configured for IRB, it maintains the existing VLAN header when forwarding the frame between the interfaces.May 31, 2008

How does VLAN routing and bridging work when using IRB? | Network ...

www.networkworld.com/.../how-does-vlan-routing-and-bridging-work-when-using-irb-...Search for:

What is integrated routing and bridging?

How do you route between VLANs?

Step-by-Step Instructions

Enable routing on the switch with the ip routing command. ...

Make note of the VLANs that you want to route between. ...

Use the show vlan command in order to verify that the VLANs exist in the VLAN database. ...

Determine the IP addresses you want to assign to the VLAN interface on the switch.

More items...

Configure InterVLAN Routing on Layer 3 Switches - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/...vlan.../41860-howto-L3-intervlanrouting.htmlSearch for:

How do you route between VLANs?

What is the BVI interface?

BVI

can replace Vlan

interfaces

. So instead of having a Vlan

interface

that routes packets (coming from acces port attached to that vlan number) that needs to be routed outside the vlan, the

BVI

does the same thing, routing packets outside de layer 2 domain from L2

interfaces

that are bridged to that

BVI

.Mar 31, 2011

What is a Cisco BVI interface? What is it used for? - Server Fault

https://serverfault.com/questions/254347/what-is-a-cisco-bvi-interface-what-is-it-used-forSearch for:

What is the BVI interface?

What is a bridge domain?A

bridge domain

is a set of logical ports that share the same flooding or broadcast characteristics. Like a virtual LAN (VLAN), a

bridge domain

spans one or more ports of multiple devices.

Understanding Layer 2 Bridge Domains - Technical Documentation ...

https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en.../layer-2-services-bridging-overview.htmlSearch for:

What is a bridge domain?

What is a BDI interface?"Bridge domain

interface

is a logical

interface

that allows bidirectional flow of traffic between a Layer 2 bridged network and a Layer 3 routed network traffic.

Bridge domain interfaces

are identified by the same index as the bridge domain. ... And this L3 logical

interface

is the

BDI

.Dec 5, 2012

A Networker's Log File: Concept of Cisco Bridge Domain Interfaces (BDI)

networkerslog.blogspot.com/2012/12/concept-of-bridge-domain-interfaces-bdi.htmlSearch for:

What is a BDI interface?

What is a service instance?An Ethernet flow point (EFP)

service instance

is a logical interface that connects a bridge domain to a physical port or to an EtherChannel. Configuring a

service instance

on a Layer 2 port creates a pseudoport or EFP on which you configure EVC features.

Ethernet Virtual Connections (EVCs) - Cisco

www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/.../ethernet_virtual_connection.pdfSearch for:

What is a service instance?

What does the Accessport do?The

Accessport

is the world's best selling, most flexible, and easiest to use ECU upgrade solution for your Subaru. Unlock power hidden within the vehicle by replacing conservative factory settings with more aggressive calibrations.

COBB Tuning - Subaru Accessport V3 (003)

https://www.cobbtuning.com/products/accessport/subaru-accessport-v3-ap3-sub-003Search for:

What does the Accessport do?

Who owns Cobb Tuning?

COBB Tuning

.

COBB Tuning

, known by the tagline "Access The Potential" is an American company providing aftermarket automobile

tuning

services. Founded in 1999 by Trey

Cobb

at Rockwall, they are now headquartered at Austin, Texas.

COBB Tuning - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBB_TuningSearch for:

Who owns Cobb Tuning?

What is the access port?An "

access port

" is a type of connection on a switch that is used to connect a guest virtual machine that is VLAN unaware. This

port

provides the virtual machine with connectivity through a switch that is VLAN aware without requiring it to support VLAN tagging.

What Is an Access Port? - IBM

https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSB27U_6.4.0/.../hcpa643.htmSearch for:

What is the access port?